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HISTORY 




OF 



Saline County, Missouri, 



CAREFULLY WRITTEN AND COMPILED 



FROM THE 



MOST AUTHENTIC OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE SOURCES. 



INCLUDING A HISTORY OF ITS 



Townships, Cities, Towns and Villages, 



TOGETHER WITH 



A CONDENSED HISTORY OF MISSOURI; THE STATE CONSTITUTION; A MILITARY 

RECORD OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN EITHER ARMY OP THE GREAT CIVIL WAR; 

GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS; MISCELLANY; REMINISCENCES, 

GRAVE, TRAGIC AND HUMOROUS; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OP 

PROMINENT MEN AND CITIZENS IDENTIFIED WITH 

THE INTERESTS OF THE COUNTY. 



ILLUSTRATED 



St. LOUIS: 

MISSOURI HISTORICAL COMPANY 

1881. 



PREFACE. 

This history is what the people of Saline county have made it. But 
for their co-operation it never would or could have been written. It is 
they who dictated what should be printed in it, by furnishing all the data, 
facts, and details which go to compose its make-up. The labor of col- 
lating, compiling, and putting these items in shape for the printer, 
has been almost wholly mechanical. No attempt has been made at high 
rhetorical passages or flights, and many of the periods are quite roughly 
rounded, the tales humbly adorned, and the morals ver}'- bluntly pointed. 
If the people had furnished less information there would have been less 
in the book; if what they did give had been of a different character, that 
in the book would not be what it now is. 

No pretension of literary excellence is made for this history, save that it 
delivers a round, unvarnished tale, void of invention and imagination, and 
confined to statements made in language that all can understand, even if 
they do not admire, and printed in type that all can read. If the writers 
of this history have ever so many accomplishments, word-painting is cer- 
tainly not one of them. Neither has the mantle of Prescott or of 
Motley, not to mention Gibbon or Macaulay, fallen upon the shoulders of 
the scribes who have prepared this book, as will be evident upon inspec- 
tion, comparison, and contemplation. 

The obligations of the historians, as well as the publishers," to the people 
of the county for assistance rendered, are so many and so great, that no 
attempt will be made to discharge them. In 1876, Mr. Jerrold Letcher, 
son of Hon. Wm. H. Letcher, attempted the laudable scheme of prepar- 
ing a history of Saline county, and spent some months in collecting 
information, data, etc. From his note books, and from the papers and 
memoranda, collected by him, much of the early history of the county 
contained in this volume, has been derived or adapted. Since Mr. 
Letcher's labors, many of the old settlers, whom he interviewed, have 
died, and certain information obtained from them, if not gained by Mr. 
Letcher could not now be learned. It mav therefore be seen, and in 
some sense understood, how much we are all indebted to Mr. Letcher. 



6 PREFACE. 

To the old settlers who have been waited upon, to the citizens who have 
been visited by the representatives of the publishers, to the editors of the 
county newspapers, especially to the editorial force of the Saline County 
Progress, and individually to Mr. R. S. Sandidge, of that paper, and to 
his contemporary, Mr. J. M. Yantis, of the Democrat \ to Rev. Tutt, Dr. 
M. T. Chastain, and Maj. John W. Bryant, of Marshall; to Dr. Dunlap,of 
Miami; to Thos. Edwards. Esq., to Gen. John S. Marmaduke, Hon. John 
F. Philips, Col. W. F. Switzler, of Columbia, and to all, and singular the 
people of the county who have assisted in making the book what it is, 
much credit is due, and man}^ thanks are tendered. 

That the book is not what it should be, is freely admitted; that it is 
what it reasonably can be, is claimed. To give a detailed history of 
Saline county would require a volume twice the size of this, and twice the- 
time spent in its preparation. Much matter that had been collected and 
prepared for publication has been discarded, much has been re-written, 
everything condensed. The paradox may be asserted that while there 
has been condensation there is yet repetition, since the township histories 
contain much that has been stated in the first chapters; and mayhap in 
some instances these statements do not agree. The last statements are 
given with the first, and the reader can draw his own conclusions, for it is 
not the province of the writers hereof to impeach the testimon}^ of an}- one 
of the reputable citizens of Saline county, renowned as they are, and have 
always been, for devotion to the principles of truth and veracity. 

The biographical department is made up from the statements of the 
parties in interest themselves, and consequently the sketches therein made 
may be relied upon as to accuracy. No better opportunit}- to become 
acquainted with the lives and fortunes of Saline county's best citizens has 
ever been presented to the public. This department is regarded as one of 
the most prominent features of the history, and much attention has been 
bestowed upon it, and much space given it. 

In the day when Macaulay's New Zealander shall sit upon the broken 
arches of London bridge and sketch the ruins of St. Paul's — when America 
shall have taken the station among the nations of the earth to which she 
shall be entitled — when Saline county shall have become what it will be, 
a rich and magnificent province — when where now are towns there shall 
be cities, and where now are villages there shall be towns— where now 
are waste places there shall be blossom and grain — in that day, another 



PREFACE. _ 7 

historian shall write another history of Saline county for another people. 
But in that day this modest, imperfect history shall be alive ; for it will 
pass from posterity to posterity, from generation to generation, and treas- 
ured as a most valuable heirloom by those who revere the memory of 
their ancestry and their native land. 

The deeds of the men who first came to the river bottoms of Saline 
county, and in time turned under the blossoms of its prairies with their 
wooden plows, cannot be too well remembered, cannot be too often told. 
The achievements of those who came next after the first pioneers, the 
statesmen, the warriors, the planters who have given to the country not 
only its notoriety, its fame and its glor}^ but its material prosperity as well — 
these ought never to be forgotten. Their works do follow them. The 
schools they established, the churches they built, the institutions they 
founded, the battles they fought, should be remembered. These things 
this histor}' purports to record — imperfectly, but after a fashion that is 
better than none. 

In hope that they have discharged their duty at least to the partial satis- 
faction of those who shall read this volume in this year, as well as those 
who shall read it in the far-off years to come, the writers hereof lay their 
pens aside with regret that they were not able to do their work better, 
but with a consciousness that they have done as best they could. 

MISSOURI HISTORICAL COMPANY. 




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73 



History of the State of Missouri. 



PART L— HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

When a book is written, it is presumed that the writer had some object 
in view and some end to achieve by his labor in collecting the material 
and writing the book; and it is right that he should put himself on good 
terms with his readers at the outset by making a brief, but frank and 
honest statement of his object, plan and purpose in the book which he 
offers to public patronage. The writer of this History of Missouri has 
aimed to embody in a brief space the greatest amount of solid and reliable 
information about things which directly hinge and center upon or within 
the territory of this State — this international commonwealth, which holds 
by right divine the royal prerogative of a destiny imperial and grand, if 
she can acquire or develop human brain and muscle adequate to utilize 
wisely, honorably and energetically her magnificent natural resources, 
both of commercial position and of agricultural and mineral wealth. The 
writer's desire and effort has been to present nothing which would not be 
read with deep interest by every intelligent citizen of Missouri at the 
present time; and also stand as a permanent body of information, at once 
useful and reliable for future reference. Discussion of theories, problems 
or doubtful matters has been avoided; solid facts have been diligently 
sought after; and the narrative has been made to embody as many facts 
and events as possible without falling into the dry-bones method of mere 
statistical tables. In fact, the limit of space allotted him has compelled the 
writer to condense, epitomize, shorten up — and therefore continually to 
repress his desire to embellish the narrative with the graces of rhetoric 
and the glow of an exuberant and fervid enthusiasm. This, however, 
secures to the reader more facts within the same space. 

In preparing this work more than a hundred volumes have been con- 
sulted, to collate incidents and authenticate dates and facts, besides much 
matter gathered from original sources and not before embraced in any 
1 



10 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

book. It is not presumed that there are no mistakes or errors of state- 
ment herein made; but it is believed that there are fewer of such lapses 
than commonly occur with the same amount of data in similar works. 
The classification of topics is an attempt to give them a consecutive and 
consistent relative place and order in the book, for convenience of inci- 
dental reference or of selective readingr. 



PRE-HISTORIC MISSOURI. 



THE MOUND-BUILDERS, Etc. 

Every State has a pre-historic history — that is, remains and relics are 
found which show that the land was inhabited b}'^ a race or races of men 
long before its discovery and occupation b}^ a race sufficiently advanced 
in the arts of civilization to preserve a written record of their own 
observations and doings. It is now well established that every portion of 
the United States was inhabited by a race of men grouped under the 
general name of " Mound-builders," who preceded the modern hunter 
tribes called "Indians." It further appears, from all the evidence accumu- 
lated, that the Mound-builders were a race that made permanent settle- 
ments, and built earthworks of considerable extent for defense against 
enemies, both man and beast; also for sepulture, for religious rites, and 
for memorial art; it is also evident that they cultivated the soil to some 
extent, made rude textile fabrics and clay pottery, and wrought imple- 
ments of domestic use, ornaments, charms, toys, pipes, etc., and weapons 
of war and of the chase, from flint, porphyry, jasper, hornstone, granite, 
slate, and other varieties of rocks; also from horn, bone, shells, and other 
animal products; and from native copper. But they had no knowledge 
of iron, nor any art of smelting copper; they merely took small pieces of 
the native ore and hammered it cold with their stone tools until it took 
some rude shape of utility, and then they scoured and polished it to its 
utmost brilliancy ; and it is altogether probable that these articles were 
only possessed by the chieftains or ruling families. Plates of mica are 
also found among their remains, with holes for suspension on cords 
around the neck or body; and lumps of galena or lead ore sometimes 
occur, but these must have been valued merely as trinkets or charms, 
because of their lustre. Remains of this people are found frequently 
both on the bluffs and bottom lands of the Mississippi and Missouri 
rivers, and, in many States, far inland, also. 

The first mention of such ^remains in Missouri is made by a U. S. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF >nSSOURI. 



18 



was in old time a town there, with streets, squares, and houses built with 
stone foundations and mud walls. He also mentions the ruins of an 
ancient stone building described to him by Gen. Ashley, as situated on a 
high cM on the west side of the Gasconade river. And another one said to 
be in Pike county, is thus described: " It presents the dilapidated remains 
of a building constructed of rough, unhewn stones, fifty-six feet long and 
twenty-two broad, embracing several divisions and chambers. The 
walls are from two to five feet high. Eighty rods eastward of this 
structure is found a smaller one of similar construction. The narrow 
apartments are said to be arched with stone, one course overlapping the 
other, after the manner of the editices of Central America." 

I. Dille, Esq., of Newark, Ohio, reported that he had examined some 
of these pre-historic town ruins, in the vicinity of Mine-la-Motte and 
Fredericktown, in Madison county, Missouri. He speaks of them as 
groups of small tumuli, and says: "I have concluded they are the 
remains of mud houses. They are always arranged in straight lines, 
with broad streets intervening between them, crossing each other at right 
angles. The distance apart varies in different groups, but it is always 
uniform m the same group. " " I have counted upwards of 

two hundred of these mounds in a single group. Arrow heads of jasper 
and agate, and axes of sienite and porphyry have been found in their 
vicinity." - 

Mounds or other pre-historic structures have been found on Spencer's 
creek in Ralls county; on Cedar creek in Boone county; on Crow's Fork 
and other places in Callaway county; near Berger Station in Franklin 
county; near Miami in Saline county; on Blackwater river in John- 
son county; on Salt river in Pike county; on Prairie Fork in Mont- 
gomery county; near New Madrid; and in many other parts of the 
State. 

The class of ancient ruins, partly built of stone, said to exist in 
Clay, Crawford, Pike and Gasconade counties, Missouri, are not found 
further north, but are frequent enough further south, and are supposed 
to indicate a transitional period in the development of architectural 
knowledge and skill, from the grotesque earth-mounds of Wisconsin to 
the well-finished adobe structures of New Mexico, and the grander stone 
ruins of Yucatan. But, no matter what theory we adopt with regard to 
these pre-historic relics, the present citizens of Missouri can rest assured 
that a different race of human beings lived and flourished all over this 
region of country, hundreds — yes, thousands of years ago, and that they 
were markedly different in their modes of life from our modern Indians. 

* Many large and costly works have been published by scientists, devoted to the general 
subject of Pre-Historic Man; but of cheap and popular works for the general reader, the 
best are Foster's "Pre-Historic Races of the United States"; and Baldwin's "Ancient 
America". 



14 ' HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOITRI. 

And there are at least two discoveries known which show that these people 
were here before the extinction of the mastodon, or i^reat American 
elephant. In the " Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences," 
1857, Dr. Kock reports that in the year 1830 he dug up in Gasconade 
county [as that county then was] the bones of a mastodon, near the 
Bourbeuse river. The skeleton of this gigantic creature was buried in 
such a position as to show that it had got its hind legs down in a bog so 
deeply that it could not climb out, although its fore feet were on dry 
ground. The natives had attacked it with their flint arrows and spears, 
most of which were found in a broken condition; but they had tihally 
managed to build a big fire so close to its head as to burn it to death, the 
head-bones and tusks being found all burnt to coals. The account of 
this discovery was first printed in the Philadelphia Prcsbytei-ian^ Jan. 12, 
1839, and copied into the " American Journal of Science " the same year. 
The authenticity of the incident has been disputed, on the assumed 
ground that man did not exist as long ago as when the mastodon roamed 
over these pre-historic plains; but science now has indisputable evidence 
that man existed even in the Tertiary age of the geological scale, (see 
note to chart in chapter on Geology) long before the glacial epoch; hence 
that objection has no force at present. 

Dr. Koch further reports that about a year after unearthing the Gas- 
conade county monster, he again found in the bottom land of the Pom- 
me-de-Terre river, in Benton county, a nearly complete skeleton of the 
great extinct beast called jMissouriuni^ with arrow-heads under it in such 
a way as to show beyond question that they were made and used wliile 
the animal was alive. This skeleton is now in the British Museum. •' 

Human foot fri}its. have been found in the rocks at De Soto in Jefferson 
county, also in Gasconade county, and at St. Louis. 11. R. Schoolcraft, 
in his book of travels in the Mississippi river country in 1S21, said of 
these footprints: "The impressions in the stone are, to all appearance, 
those of a man standing in an erect posture, with the left foot a little 
advanced, and the heels drawn in. The distance between the heels, by 
accurate measurement, is (S\ inches and between the extremities of the 
toes 13^ inches. The length of these tracks is 10^ inches; across the 
toes 4-^ inches as spread out, and but 'l^ at the heel." 

Our eminent U. S. Senator, Thomas H. Benton, wrote a letter April 
29th, 1S22, in which he says: "The prints of the human feet which you 
mention, I have seen hundreds of times. The\' were on the uncovered 
limestone rock in front of the town of St. Louis. The prints were seen 
when the country was first settled, and had the same appearance then as 
now. No tradition can tell an3^thing about them. They look as old 
as the rock. "^^^ have the same fine polish which the attrition of the 

* See Foster's " ffe-Historic Races of the United States," pp. 62-3-4-5-6. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 11 

exploring expedition under ^Nlajor S. H. Long, in ISIO. This expedition 
went in the first steamboat that ever pufled and paddled its way against 
the swift, muddy current of the Missouri river; ""•the boat was named 
" Western Engineer,^' but it had a double stern-wheel, or two wheels, one 
of them named in large letters, "James Monroe," and the other "John 
C. Calhoun," in honor of the then President and Secretary of War. 
This steamer had to stop at St. Louis for some repairs; and two members 
of the expedition, Messrs. Thomas Say and T. R. Peale, improved the 
time by surveying a group of twenty-seven ancient mounds which occu- 
pied ground that is now all covered over by the modern city of St. Louis. 
This occurred in June, 1S19; Mr. Say prepared a map of the mounds 
and a brief account of them, and this appears to be the first authentic 
record of such ancient works within the territory now constituting the 
State of Missouri; his notes on these mounds were published in 1823, in 
the report of Major Long's expedition, but his map of them was never 
published until 1862, when it appeared on page 387 of the " Smithsonian 
Report" for the year 1861. In his account Mr. Say says: 

"Tumuli and other remains of the labors of nations of Indians (?) that 
inhabited this region manv ages since are remarkably numerous about 
vSt. Louis. Those tumuli immediately northward of the town and within 
a short distance of it, are twenty-seven in number, of various forms and 
magnitudes, arranged nearly in a line from north to south. The common 
form is an oblong square, and they all stand on the second bank of the 
river. * * It seems probable these piles of earth were raised 
as cemeteries, or they may have supported altars for religious cer- 
emonies." 

It was from these mounds that St. Louis derived her pseudonym of the 
"Mound City"; but this name is now almost entirely obsolete, since the 
city has risen up to claim the prouder title of " Inter- MetropoHs of North 
America". When the largest one of the mounds was leveled some 
skeletons were found, and some thick discs with holes through them; 
they had probably served as beads, and were wrought from shells of a spe- 
cies of fresh water clam or mussel. Numerous specimens of wrought flints 
were found between St. Louis and Carondelet, in 1860; and in 1861 an 
ancient flint shovel was dug up while building military earthworks. 

In Mississippi county, in the southeastern corner of the State, there is a 
group of mounds covering ten acres, in section 6, t. 24, r. 17, varying 
from ten to thirty feet in height. About 1855 these mounds were 
explored by two gentlemen from Chicago, and they found some pottery, 
with men represented upon its sides; one figure appeared to be a priest 
or some official personage, as shown by his head-dress, and the other 

* Campbell's History of Howard County says: " May 28th. 1819, the first steamboat — 

the ' Independence,' Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis, including all stops, twelve days — 

landed at Franklin on her way up the [Missouri] river." Thus it seems that Major Long's 

boat was really the second one to go up, although in most histories it is mentioned as the 

'St — and it was the first that went up any great "distance. 



12 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

represented a captive bound with thongs. Both figures showed the 
peculiar contour of head and features which marks the mound-builder 
race. 

In December, 1868, some laborers engaged in grading Sixth street, in 
East St. Louis, dug up a nest of unused flint hoes or shovels, and another 
deposit of shells with string-holes worked in them, and another deposit of 
boulders of flint and greenstone, ready to make more tools or weapons 
from. These deposits were on high ground, and about half-way between 
two ancient mounds. 

In 1876 or 1877 some ancient mounds were discovered on the banks of 
the Missouri river near Kansas City. They were in groups of three 
and five together, at different points for five miles up and down the river. 
Some were built entirely of earth, and some had a rude stone chamber or 
k^ault inside, but covered with earth so that all looked alike outside. They 
were of an irregular oval shape, from four to six feet high, and had 
[leavy growths of timber on top. Mr. W. H. R. Lykins, of Kansas 
City, noticed a burr-oak tree five feet in diameter, growing on top of 
3ne of them, and the decayed stump of a black walnut of about the same 
size, on another. In describing the exploration of some of these mounds 
Mr. Lykins gives some points that will be of interest to every one. He 

" We did not notice an}^ very marked peculiarity as to these bones 
except their great size and thickness, and the great prominence of the 
5upraciliarv ridges. The teeth were worn down to a smooth and even 
mrface. The next one we opened was a stone mound. On clearing oft 
:he top of this we came upon a stone wall inclosing an area about eight 
"eet square, with a narrow opening for a doorway or entrance on the 
>outh side. The wall of this inclosure was about two feet thick; the 
nside was as smooth and compactly built and the corners as correctly 
squared as if constructed by a practical workman. No mortar had been 
ised. At a depth of about two feet from the top of the wall we found a 
aver of five skeletons lying with their feet toward the south." * 

None of the other walls examined were so skilfully laid as this one. 
The bones were crumbly, and only a few fragments were preserved by 
:oating them well with varnish as quickly as possible after they were 
ixposed to the air. One stone enclosure was found full of ashes, char- 
:oal and burnt human bones, and the stones and earth of which the 
nound was composed all showed the effects of fire. Hence it is pre- 
sumed that this was either a cremation furnace or else an altar for human 
sacrifices — most probably the latter. Some fragments of pottery were 
iound in the vicinity. 

L. C. Beck in 1823f reported some remains in the territory now con- 
stituting Crawford county, Missouri, which he thought showed that there 

* Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 253. 

t Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, published by L. C. Beck, in 1832-23. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 15 

sand and water has made upon the rest of the rock which is exposed to 
their action. I have examined them often with great attention. They 
are not handsome, but exquisitel}' natural, both in the form and position. 
* '■■■ A block 6 or 8 feet long and 3 or 4 feet wide, containing the 
prints, was cut out by Mr. John Jones, in St. Louis, and sold to Mr. 
Rappe, of New Harmony, Indiana."* 

Prof. G. C. Broadhead, and some other writers, think these were not 
natural impression of human feet, but sculptures made by hand. This 
theory requires a belief that the pre-historic men of Missouri had tools 
with which they could cut the most delicate lines in hard rocks; and that 
they studied the human form in its finest details of muscular action and 
attitude, and had the art of sculpturing these things so as to look " exqui- 
sitely natural^'' as Col. Benton expresses it — thus rivalling, if not excelling 
the most famous sculptors of ancient Greece; all of which is wholly incon- 
sistent with the known facts. And besides this, there is no better geolog- 
ical reason for doubting their genuineness as natural footprints, than there 
is in the case of the famous bird and reptile tracks in the sandstones of 
Connecticut, or those found b}' Prof. Mudge in Kansas, in 1873. There 
is no valid reason, either of an aesthetic, historical, or scientific nature, for 
pronouncing them anything but just what they show themselves to be — 
fossil footprints of a man who stood in the mud barefooted ; and in course 
of time that mud became solid stone, preserving his footprints just as he 
left their exact impression in the plastic material. 



THE WHITE RACE IN MISSOURI. 



SPANISH AND FRENCH DISCOVERERS. 

In 1512 the Spanish adventurer Ponce de Leon discovered Florida; and 
at this time and for some years after the old countries of Europe were filled 
with the wildest and most extravagant stories about the inexhaustible mines 
of gold, silver and precious stones that existed in the country north of the 
Gulf of Mexico ; also of great and populous cities containing fabulous wealth, 
beyond what Pizarro and Cortes had found in Peru and Mexico. And 
besides all this, the "fountain of perpetual youth," which all Europe had gone 
crazy after, about this time, was supposed to be in that region. Indeed, 
it can hardly be doubted that the Spaniards in Mexico had gathered from 
the natives some inkling of the wonderful healing waters now known as 



* See Smithsonian Report, 1879, pp. 357-58. Also " American ^^muities," by Josiali 
Priest, 1833, pp. 1850-51-53. 



^ 



16 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Hot Springs, Arkansas, and the brilliant quartz crystals found in that 
region, as well as the glittering ores of Missiouri. 

Ferdinand de Soto was a wealth}- cavalier who had won fame as a 
leading commander in Pizarro's conquest of Peru; he imbibed deeply the 
current imaginings about the undiscovered wonders of the new world, 
and was eager to immortalize his name by bringing to his king and coun- 
tr}- the glory of still inore important conquests and discoveries; and he 
especially desired to find the supposed " fountain of perpetual youth." 
Accordingly, in 1538 he received permission from the king of Spain to 
conquer Florida at his own cost — " Florida " then meaning all the 
unknown country from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northern ocean. He 
collected a band of more than six hundred young bloods who were able 
to equip themselves in all the gorgeous trappings and splendor of a Span- 
ish cavalier dress parade, and with this plumed and tinselled troupe, very 
like the grand entree riders of a modern circus, he landed in Tampa Bay, 
Florida, in 1539. From here he boldl}- struck out into the interior, wan- 
dering about and pushing forward with dogged perseverance, in spite of 
bogs and streams and bluffs; in spite .of tangling thickets and dense for- 
ests; in spite of heats and rains; in spite of the determined hostility of 
the natives — until in May, 1541, he discovered the Great River, a few 
miles below where the city of Memphis now stands; and thus he made 
his name memorable fcr all time. After some delay, to construct boats, 
they crossed the river and pushed on northward as far as where the city of 
New Madrid now stands; and this w^as the first time that the eyes of white 
men looked upon any portion of the soil now^ comprised within the State 
of Missouri.'^' But, so fruitless was this visit that no white man set foot 
within our present State boundary again until one hundred and thirty-tw^o 
years afterward, when the French missionaries, Marquette and Joliet, 
came from the great lakes down the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers, to 
the mouth of the Missouri, in June, 1673. This was the first time white 
men had beheld the waters of this great stream, and they named it Peki- 
tononi, or " Muddy Water River ". It was known by this name until 
about 1710 or 1712, when it began to be called " the river of the Mis- 
souris," referring to a tribe of Indians that dwelt at its mouth, chiefly on 
the lands now comprised in St. Louis county. Marquette and Joliet went 
on down the river as far south as the mouth of the Arkansas river, of course 
making several camping stops on Missouri soil, and discovering the Ohio 
river. From the Arkansas they returned northw^ard the same way they 

* De Soto and his army came into Missoari trom the south, twice crossing the Ozark 
mountains. He spent the winter of 1541-42 in Vernon county, in the extreme western 
part of the State. Ruins of their winter camp structures and smelting operations are still 
found there. They melted lead ore for silver, and the glittering, lustrous, yellow, zinc 
blende or Smithsonite for gold ; but were deeply disgusted to find at last that they had 
been handling only the basest metals. 




UNITED STATES CUSTOM-HOUSE AND POST-OFFICE, 
AT KANSAS CITY,— 1881. 




RAILROAD BRIDGE ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, 
AT ST. LOUIS.— 1881. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 17 

came down, and reached Green Bay, Wisconsin, a^ain in September of 
that year— 1673. 

The next visit of white men to this State was in 1682. In 1678 the 
French had built a fort with a missionary station and trading post, near 
where the cit}^ of Peoria, Ills., now stands. During the winter of 1681 
-82, Robert de la Salle made preparations, first in Canada, and then at 
this Illinois fort, to explore the Mississippi river to its mouth. He left the 
fort with a company of twenty Frenchmen, eighteen Indian men and ten 
squaws, in such boats and canoes as he could provide. They rowed down 
the Illinois river and reached its mouth on the 6th of February; a few 
days were spent here making observations, repairing boats, preparing 
food, and establishing signals that they had been there and taken posses- 
sion of the land in the name of their great king. By February 13th La Salle 
was ready to push on, and started with his little fleet to solve the great 
mystery of a navigable waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. Of course this 
expedition passed along the eastern border of Missouri, but no points are 
mentioned to identify any landing which they may have made within our 
State. Early in April La Salle accomplished the grand object of his ven- 
ture by discovering the three principal mouths of the Mississippi; .and on 
the nearest firm dry land he could find from the mouth he set up a col- 
umn bearing the cross and the royal arms of France, while the whole 
company performed the military and religious rites of loyalty to their 
king and country — and La Salle himself, acting as chief master of cere- 
monies, in a clear, loud voice proclaimed that he took possession of all 
the country between the great gulf and the frozen ocean, "in the name of 
the most high, mighty and victorious prince, Louis the Great, by the 
grace of God king of France and Navarre, 14th of the name, this 9th day 
of April, 1682." In honor of his sovereign he named the whole vast 
region Louisiana — that is, Louis' land, and named the river itself St. 
Louis. And thus it was that our State of Missouri first became a part 
of historic Louisiana, and passed under the nominal ownership and 
authority of France. 

The next historic appearance of white men within our State was in/ 
1705. The French settlers in this vast new country had kept themselves 
entirely on the east side of the Mississippi river; but during this year 
they sent an exploring party up the Missouri river in search of gold ; it 
prospected as far as the mouth of the Kansas river, where Kansas City 
now stands, without finding anything valuable, and returned disheartened 
and disgusted. On September 14, 1712, the king of France, Louis XIV, 
gave to a wealth}^ French merchant named Anthony Crozat, a royal patent 
of " all the country drained by the waters emptying directly or indirectly 
into the Mississippi, which is all included in the boundaries of Louisiana." 
Crozat appointed his business partner, M. de la Motte, governor, and he 
2 



18 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

I arrived in 1713; Kaskaskia, Illinois, was then the provincial headquarters, 
and source of supplies for Upper Louisiana, which was also sometimes 
called Illinois; but New Orleans was the nominal seat of government for 
the whole Louisiana territory. The old town of Mine-la-Motte, in Mad- 
ison county, commemorates this first governor. Crozat expected to find 
inexhaustible mines of gold and silver in this territory, and spent immense 
sums of money in vain efforts to attain his object. Practical miners were 
sent everywhere that the natives reported any glittering substance to exist. 
The explorers found iron, zinc, copper, lead, mica, pyrites, quartz crystals, 
etc., in great abundance, but no gold, silver or diamonds; and after five 
years of disastrous failure and disappointment, in 1717, Crozat returned his 
luckless charter to the king. 

Next, in 1716 an adventurous Scotchman named John Law, got up a 
* grand scheme for making everybody rich without work, and induced the 
French king and court and people to engage in it. This wild financial 
venture is known in history as the " Mississippi bubble," the " South Sea 
bubble," etc. The charter of Louisiana and monopoly of all its trade was 
given to a corporation, called the " Company of the West," whose cap- 
ital stock was to be 100,000,000 francs, with power to issue stock in small 
shares, and establish a bank, etc. Shares rose to twenty times their 
original value, and the bank's notes, though essentially worthless, were 
in circulation to the amount of more than $200,000,000. Law himself 
sunk $500,000 in the scheme; but it bursted, as bodiless as a bag of wind; 
while he, the originator and manager of it, had to escape from Paris for 
his life, and died poor at Venice in 1729. In 1731 the charter of Louis- 
iana was again returned to the crown. However, the excitement over 
this great scheme for making fabulous wealth out of nothing, had 
brought many adventurous Frenchmen into the territory as gold-hunters, 
who failing in that, worked some of the lead mines, and sent their pro- 
ducts back to Europe. / 

In 1720 or 1721, an enterprising Frenchman named Renault took 
charge of a large lead mining enterprise. He brought M. La Motte, 
who was a professional mineralogist, with about two hundred expert 
miners and metallurgists, and five hundred negroes, to develop the mineral 
wealth that actually did exist. He made his headquarters at Fort de Char- 
tres, on the Illinois side, ten miles above St. Genevieve, and sent out explor- 
ing and working parties to locate mining camps west of the Great River. 
Mine-la-Motte, in Madison county, was one of the first of these loca- 
tions; also Potosi and Old Mine in Washington county; and many 
others. In 1765 a few families located at Potosi. Much of the mining 
was surface work — hence, scattered and transitory; and their smelting 
operations were merely to melt the ore in a wood fire and then clear away 
the ashes and gather up the lumps of lead. This was carried to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 19 

• 

the river on pack-horses or on rude ox-carts, and thence shipped to New 
Orleans by fleets of drifting keel-boats, which returned laden with for- 
eign goods. Many of the immigrants of this period also engaged in 
agriculture, especially in Illinois, so that there really began to be a settled 
occupation of the country, as a final outcome of the greatest speculative 
delusion known to history. Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World says: 
*' Fort Orleans, near where Jefferson City now stands, was built by the 
French in 1719"; this was a temporary safeguard for John Law's crazy 
gold-hunters, but did not make a permanent settlement. Kaskaskia, now 
in Randolph county. Ills,, was settled by the French in 1673, and was 
for about a century the metropolis of the vast territory sometimes called 
"Upper Louisiana," sometimes "Illinois," and sometimes the "Northwestern 
Territory." And in 1735 some emigrants from Kaskaskia, moved across 
the Great River and made a settlement at what is now St. Genevieve, 
Missouri, which was the first permanent white settlement made and 
maintained within the State ; the previous adventurers in search of min- 
eral wealth had located mining camps at several points, but had not 
established any permanent town or trading post. 

The next settlement that can be historically traced to its origin was 
that of St. Louis. A Frenchman named Pierre Liguest Laclede,* who 
lived in New Orleans in 1762, organized the "Louisiana Fur Company," 
under a charter from the director-general of the province of Louisiana ; 
this charter gave them the exclusive right to carry on the fur trade with 
the Indians bordering on the Missouri river, and west of the Mississippi, 
" as far north as the river St. Peter" (the same that is now called the Min- 
nesota river, and empties into the Mississippi at Fort Snelling). Laclede 
seems to have formed a definite plan and purpose to establish a permanent 
trading post at some point in Upper Louisiana, for he made up a company 
of professional trappers, hunters, mechanics, laborers, and boatmen, and 
with a supply of goods suitable for the Indian trade, they left New 
Orleans in August, 1763, bound for the mouth of the Missouri river. 
The manner of navigating these boats against the current of the Missis- 
sippi for a distance of 1,194 miles, was of the most rude, primitive and 
laborious sort. Sometimes when the wind was favorable they could sail 
a little; but the main dependence was by means of push-poles and tow- 
ropes. The boats were long and narrow, with a plank projecting six or 
eight inches on each side. The boat would of course keep near the shore; 
a man at each side, near the bow of the boat, would set his pole on the 
river bottom, then brace his shoulder against the top of the pole with 

* Campbell's Gazetteer of Missouri says this man's family name was Liguest ; B. 
Oratz Brown gives it in Johnson's Cyclopedia as Lingueste; but the man himself appears 
to have written his name Laclede, of the firm of Laclede, Moxan & Co., who constituted 
the historic "Louisiana Fur Company." 



20 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

• 

all his might, and as the boat moved under him he would walk along 
the narrow plank until he reached the stern, and the boat had thus been 
propelled forward the distance of its length ; then he would walk back 
to the bow, dragging his pole along in the water, set it on the bottom 
and push again as before. And thus it was that the rugged pioneers of 
civilization in the new world for more that a hundred years navigated 
the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, and some other rivers, 
with what were in later years called keel-boats. But sometimes, for a 
rest, or when the beach was favorable, a gang of men would go ashore 
with a long rope attached to the boat, and thus tow it along against the 
current, or they would tie the forward end to a tree or snag and let those 
on the boat pull in the rope and thus draw the boat along — meanwhile 
those on shore going ahead with another rope, making another tie — and 
so on; this was called "warping"; but when it was necessary to cross 
the stream they had recourse to oars or paddles. It took Laclede three 
months in this way to get from New Orleans up to St. Genevieve, or 
Fort de Chartres, the military post on the east side a few miles further up 
the river, where he arrived on the third of November. Here he left his 
goods and part of his company, but taking a few picked men, he himself 
pushed on to the mouth of the Missouri. He seems to have had a sort of 
prophetic forecast that this was the right spot to locate the future trading 
post for all that vast region of country which was drained by the two prin- 
cipal great rivers of the new world. At the mouth of the Missouri he 
found no site that suited him for a town, and he turned back down the 
Mississippi, carefully exploring the west bank until he reached the high, 
well protected and well drained location where the city of St. Louis now 
stands. This was the nearest spot to the mouth of the Missouri which 
at all met his idea, and he began at once to mark the place by chopping 
notches in some of the principal trees. This was in December, 1763. 
He then returned to the fort and pushed on his preparations for the new 
settlement, saying enthusiastically to the officers of the fort that he had 
"found a situation where he was going to plant his colony; and the site 
was so fine, and had so many advantages of position for trade with all 
this region of country, that it might in time become one of the finest cities 
in America.'''' 

Early in February, 1764, a company of thirty men, in charge of 
Auguste Chouteau, set out from Fort de Chartres and arrived at the 
chosen spot on the 14th. The next day all hands went to work clearing 
the ground and building a storehouse for the goods and tools, and cabins 
for their own habitation. In April Laclede himself joined them and pro- 
ceeded to lay out the village plat, select a site for his own residence, and 
name the town Saint Louis, in honor of his supposed sovereign, Louis XV. 
This very territory had been yielded up to Spain in 1762, but these loyal 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 21 

Frenchmen in naming their new town after the French king never 
dreamed that they were then and for nearly two years had been Spanish 
subjects, instead of French; the unwelcome news had reached New 
Orleans in the same month, April, but did not arrive at St. Louis until late 
in the year; and when it came the inhabitants were appropriately wroth 
and indignant, for they hated Spain with a fighting hatred. However, the 
change made very little practical difference to the town or its people. In 
1763 all the French possessions on the east side of the Mississippi river, 
and also Canada, had been ceded to England, but it was late in 1761 
before the English authorities arrived to take possession of Kaskaskia, or 
Fort de Chartres, and other military posts ; and when they did come, 
many of the French settlers moved over to St. Louis, giving it a consid- 
erable start, both in population and business. The Indians, too, being 
generally more friendly toward the French than the English, came over 
to St. Louis to trade their peltries, instead of going to Kaskaskia, as they 
had formerly done; and this fact gave the new town a powerful impulse. 

From this time forward new settlements began to spring up within our 
present boundaries. New Bourbon was settled in 1789. In 1762 a 
hunter named Blanchette built a cabin where the city of St. Charles now 
stands, and lived there many years; but just when the place began to be 
a town or village does not appear to be known. However, in 1803, St. 
Charles county was organized, and then comprised all the territory lying 
north of the Missouri and west of the Mississippi; thus taking in all of 
north Missouri, and the entire States of Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota, and on 
west to the Pacific ocean. This was the largest single " county " ever 
known in the world, and St. Charles city was the county seat. 

In 1781 the Delaware Indians had a considerable town where New 
Madrid now stands; and that year Mr. Curre, a fur trader of St. Louis, 
established a branch house here. In 1788 a colony from New Jersey 
settled here, and laid out a plat for a large city, giving it the name of New 
Madrid, in honor of the capital of Spain. But they never realized their 
high hopes of building up a splendid city there. 

Among the historic incidents of early settlement worthy of mention at 
this point, is the case of Daniel Boone, whose hunter life in Kentucky 
forms a staple part of American pioneer history. Boone came to this 
territory in 1797, renounced his citizenship in the United States, and took 
the oath of allegiance to the Spanish crown. Delassus was then the 
Spanish governor; and he appointed Boone commander of a fort at 
Femme Osage, now in the west part of St. Charles county. He roamed 
and hunted over the central regions of Missouri the rest of his life, and it 
was for a long period called the "Boone's Lick country," from some salt 
licks or springs which he discovered and his sons worked, and which 
were choice hunting grounds because deer and other animals came there 



22 , HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

to lick salt. Col. Boone died Sept. 26, 1820, in St. Charles county, but 
was buried in Marthasville in Warren county, as was his wife also. 
Their bones were subsequently removed to Frankfort, Kentucky. 

THE AMERICAl^^ PERIOD. 

In 1801 the territory west of the Mississippi was ceded back to France 
by Spain; in 1803 President Jefferson purchased from the French 
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, the entire territory of Louisiana, for $15,- 
000,000; the formal transfer was made at New Orleans, December 20, 
1803. On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress passed an act dividing this 
vast accession into two parts, the lower one being named the "Terri- 
tory of Orleans," with its capital at New Orleans; the upper division 
was called the " District of Louisiana," with its capital at St. Louis. 
This latter district comprised the present State of Arkansas and all from 
that north to nearly the north line of Minnesota, and west from the Mis- 
sissippi river to the Rocky Mountains. Don Carlos Dehault Delassus 
had been the last Spanish governor at St. Louis, and no change was 
made after its re-cession to France, until in March, 1804, when he delivered 
the keys and the public documents of his governorship to Capt. Amos 
Stoddard, of the United States army, who immediately raised the first 
American flag that ever floated west of the Mississippi river, over the 
government buildings at St. Louis. There it has floated proudly and 
uninterruptedly ever since, and there it will float until St. Louis becomes 
the central metropolis and seat of empire of the entire North American 
continent. 

It should be mentioned here that the war of the American Revolution 
did not involve any military operations as far west as the Mississippi river; 
hence the little French fur-trading village of St. Louis was not affected 
by the clash of arms which was raging so desperately through all the 
States east of the Ohio river. But the success of the colonies in this 
unequal conflict gave them control of all south of the river St. Lawrence 
and the great lakes, as far west as the Mississippi river; and when Napo- 
leon had sold to the new republic the extensive French possessions west 
of the Mississippi, he remarked that this accession of territory and con- 
trol of both banks of the Mississippi river would forever strengthen the 
power of the United States; and said he, with keen satisfaction, "I have 
given England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her 
pride." 

On the 3d of March, 1805, Congress passed at act to organize the 
Territory of Louisiana; and President Jefferson then appointed as territo- 
rial governor, Gen. James Wilkinson; secretary, Frederick Bates; judges. 
Return J. Meigs and John B. Lucas. Thus civil matters went on. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 23 

and business increased rapidly. When the United States took pos- 
session of this district or territory it was reputed to contain nine thous- 
and white inhabitants and about three thousand ne^i^roes. The first cen- 
sus of St. Louis was taken in 1799, and it then had 897 inhabitants. 
This is presumed to have included the village of Carondelet also, which 
was started as a rival town soon after the founding of St. Louis. 

In June, 1812, Congress passed another act with regard to this new 
country, and this time it was named the Territory of Missouri, instead of 
Louisiana. The President was to appoint a governor; the people were 
to elect representatives in the ratio of one for every five hundred white 
male inhabitants; this legislative body or lower house, was to nominate 
to the President eighteen of their own citizens, and from those he was to 
select and commission nine to form a senate or legislative council. The 
house of representatives was to consist of thirteen members at first; they 
were to hold their office two years, and must hold at least one legislative 
session at Saint Louis each year. The territory was also authorized to 
send one delegate to Congress. 

In October, 1812, the first territorial election was held, and these peo- 
ple experienced for the first time in their lives the American privilege of 
choosing their own law-makers. There were four candidates for Con- 
gress, and Edward Hempstead was elected. He served two years from 
December 7th, 1812; then Rufus Easton served two years; then John 
Scott two years; Mr. Easton was one of the four candidates at the first 
election ; and Mr. Scott was one of the members from St. Genevieve of 
the first legislative council. The first body of representatives met at the 
house of Joseph Robidoux, in St. Louis, on December 7th, and consisted 
of the following members: 

From St. Charles — John Pitman, Robert Spencer. 

St. Louis — David Musick, B. J. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr, Richard Caulk. 

St. Genevieve — George Bullet, R. S. Thomas, Isaac McGready. 

Cafe Girardeau — G. F. Ballinger, Spencer Byrd. 

New Madrid — John Shrader, Samuel Phillips. 

They were sworn into office by Judge Lucas. Wm. C. Carr of St. 
Louis, was elected speaker. The principal business of this assembly was 
to nominate the eighteen men from whom the President and U. S. Sen- 
ate should select nine to constitute the legislative council; they made their 
nominations and sent them on to Washington, but it was not known until 
the next June who were selected. June 3d, 1813, the secretary and acting 
governor, Frederick Bates, issued a proclamation declaring who had been 
chosen by the President as the council of nine, and the}'^ were — 

From St. Charles — James Flaugherty, Benj. Emmons. 

St. Louis — Auguste Chouteau, Sr., Samuel Hammond. 

St, Genevieve — John Scott, James Maxwell. 



24 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Cafe Girardeau — Wm. Neely, Joseph Cavener. 

Nezv Madrid — Joseph Hunter. 

In July of this year the newly appointed governor, Wm. Clarke, took 
his seat, and held it until Missouri became a State in 1820.* 

December, 1813, the second session of the territorial legislature was 
convened in St. Louis, and continued until January 19, 1811. This year 
the second territorial election occurred, and the new general assembly 
met December 5, this being the third sitting of the territorial legisla- 
ture. The fourth commenced in November, 1815, and continued until 
about the last of January, 1816. And it was during this session that the 
common law of England, and her general statutes passed prior to the 
fourth year of James I, were adopted as the laws of Missouri, except 
such changes as were necessary to phrase them for the United States 
and its system of government, instead of England. 

April 29, 1816, Congress again legislated for this territory, and pro- 
vided that the legislative council or senate should be elected by the peo- 
ple instead of being appointed by the President; that the legislature 
should meet biennially instead of annually; and that the U. S. judges 
should be required to hold regular terms of circuit court in each county. 
The fifth legislative session (being the first under this act) met the first 
week in December of this year, and continued until February 1, 1817. 
Then there was no further legislation until the regular biennial session 
which met about December first, 1818. But during 1817, Henry S. 
Gayer, Esq., compiled a digest of all the laws, including those of French, 
Spanish, English and American origin, which were still in force in this 
territory. This was a very important work, in view of the fact that 
there were land titles and instances of property inheritance deriving 
their legal verity from these different sources ; and it was now desirable 
to get all titles and vestitures clearly set upon an American basis of law 
and equity. The next or sixth session of the legislature continued 
through December, 1818, and January, 1819; and the most important thing 
done was applying to Congress for Missouri to be admitted as a State. 
John Scott, of St. Genevieve county, was then the territorial delegate in 
Congress, and presented the application. A bill was introduced to 
authorize the people of Missouri to elect delegates to a convention which 
should frame a State constitution. The population of Missouri territory 
at this time (or when the first census was taken, in 1821,) consisted 
of 59,393 free white inhabitants and 11,254 slaves. A member of 
Congress from New York, Mr. Talmadge, offered an amendment to the 
proposed bill, providing that slavery should be excluded from the proposed 
new State. This gave rise to hot and angry debate for nearly two 



* Gov. Clarke died Sept. 31, 1838. at St. Louis. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 25 

years, and which at times seemed to threaten an immediate dissolution of 
the National Union. But the strife was finally quieted by the adoption in 
Congress on March 6, 1820, of what is famous in history as the " Mis- 
souri Compromise," by which it was agreed that Missouri might come 
into the Union as a slave-holding State; but that slavery should never be 
established in any State which might thereafter be formed from lands 
lying north of latitude 36 deg. 30 min. The elections were held for dele- 
gates, the constitutional convention met at St. Louis, accepted the terms 
of admission prescribed by Congress, and on July 19th, 1820, Missouri 
took her place as one of the sovereign States of the National Union. 



MISSOURI AS A STATE. 



July 19, 1820, Missouri laid off the vestments of territorial tutelage and 
put on the matronly robes of mature statehood, as the constitutional conven- 
tion was authorized to frame the organic law and give it immediate force 
without submitting it to a vote of the people, and this constitution stood 
in force without any material change until the free State constitution of 
1865 was adopted. The first general election under the constitution was 
held in August, 1820, at which time Alexander McNair was chosed gov- 
ernor and John Scott representative in Congress. Members of legisla- 
ture had been chosen at the same time, comprising fourteen senators and 
forty three representatives; and this first general assembly of the State 
convened in St. Louis in the latter part of September. The principal 
thing of historic interest done by this assembly was the election to the 
United States Senate of Thomas H. Benton, who continued there unin- 
terruptedly until 1851, a period of thirty years, and was then elected in 
1852 as representative in Congress from the St. Louis district. The 
other senator elected at this time was David Barton, who drew the "short 
term," and was re-elected in 1824. 

EPITOMIZED SUMMARY OF EVENTS AND DaTES. 

Application made to Congress for a state government March 16, 
1818, and December 18, 1818. — A bill to admit was defeated in Congress, 
which was introduced February 15, 1819. — Application made to Congress 
for an enabling act, December 29, 1819. — Enabling act (known as the 
Missouri Compromise) passed by Congress March 6, 1820. — First state 
constitution formed July 19, 1820. — Resolution to admit as a state passed 
Senate December 12, 1820; rejected by the House February 14, 1821. — 
2 



26 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Conditional resolution to admit approved March 2, 1821. — Condition 
accepted by the legislature of Missouri and approved by governor, June 
26, 1821. — By proclamation of the President, admitted as a state August 
10, 1821. 

The State capital was first at St. Louis; then at St. Charles about five 
years; but on October 1st, 1826, it was moved to Jefferson City, and 
has remained there ever smce. 

COUNTIES AND POPULATION. 

The first census of the State was taken in September, 1821, and showed 
the population by counties as follows: 



Boone county •. . . . 3,692 

Calloway 1,797 

Cape Girardeau 7,852 

Chariton 1,426 

Cole 1,028 

Cooper 3,483 

Franklin 1,928 

Gasconade 1,174 

Howard 7,321 

Jeflerson 1,838 

Lillard (afterward called La- 
fayette) 1,340 

Lincoln 1,674 



Marion 1,907 

Montgomery 2,032 

New Madrid 2,444 

Perry 1,599 

Pike 2,677 

Ralls 1,684 

Ray 1,789 

Saline 1,176 

St. Charles 4,058 

St. Genevieve 3,181 

St. Louis 8,190 

Washington 3,741 

Wayne 1,614 



The total was 70,647, of which mumber 11,254 were negro slaves. 
The area of the State at this time comprised 62,182 square miles; but in 
1837 the western boundary was extended by authority of Congress, to 
include what was called the " Platte Purchase," an additional area of 
3,168 square miles, which is now divided into the counties of Platte, 
Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison. This territory was 
an Indian reservation until 1836. 

The last census was taken in June, 1880, when the state had an area of 
65,360 square miles, divided into one hundred and fourteen counties, with 
populations as follows: 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 27 

CENSUS REPORT OF THE STATE FOR THE YEAR 1880. 

Counties. Total. Male. Female. Native. Foreign. WhUe. Col'd. 

Adair 15,190 

Andrew 16.318 

Atchison 14,565 

Audrain 19,739 

Barry 14,424 

Barton 10,332 

Bates 25,382 

Benton 12,398 

Bollinger 11,132 

Boone 25,424 

Buchanan 49,824 

Butler 6,011 

Coldwell 13,654 

Calloway 23,670 

Camden 7,267 

Cape Girardeau 20,998 

Carrroll 23,300 

Carter 2,168 

Cass 22,431 

Cedar 10,747 

Chariton 25,224 

Christian 9,632 

Clark 15,031 

Clay 15,579 

Clinton 16,073 

Cole 15,519 

Cooper 21.622 

Crawford 10,763 

Dade 12,557 

Dallas 9,272 

Daviess 19,174 

DeKalb 13,343 

Dent 10,647 

Doufflass 7,753 

Dunklin 9,604 

Franklin 26.536 

Gasconade 11,153 

Gentry 17,188 

Greene 28,817 

Grundy 15,201 

Harrison 20.318 

Henry 23,914 

Hickory 7.388 

Holt 15,510 

Howard 18,428 

Howell... 8,814 

Iron 8,183 

Jackson 82,328 

Jasper 32,021 

Jefferson 18,736 

Johnson 28,177 

Knox 13,047 

Laclede 11,524 

Lafayette 25,731 

Lawrence 17,585 

Lewis 15,925 

Lincoln 17,443 

Linn 20 016 

Livingston 20,205 

McDonald 7,816 

Macon 26,223 

Madison 8,860 

Maries 7.304 

Marion 24,837 



7,915 


7,275 


14,719 


471 


14.964 


226 


8,387 


7,931 


15,432 


880 


15,950 


368 


7,936 


6,629 


13,538 


1,027 


14.524 


41 


10,417 


9,322 


18,982 


757 


17,896 


1,843 


. 7,311 


7,113 


13,975 


449 


14,413 


11 


5,425 


4.907 


10,086 


240 


10.316 


16 


13,630 


11,752 


24,674 


708 


25,135 


247 


6,357 


6,041 


11,438 


960 


12,127 


271 


5,698 


5,434 


10,766 


366 


11,108 


24 


12,928 


12,496 


25,084 


340 


20,397 


5,027 


27,045 


22,779 


42,920 


6,904 


46,093 


3,731 


3,221 


2,790 


5,848 


163 


5,871 


140 


7,060 


6,594 


13,023 


631 


13,241 


413 


12,280 


11,390 


23,064 


600 


19,268 


4,402 


3,756 


3,511 


7,166 


101 


7,152 


115 


10,812 


10,186 


18,612 


2,386 


19.004 


1,994 


12,298 


11,002 


22,359 


941 


21.827 


1,473 


1,138 


1,030 


2,154 


14 


2,157 


11 


11,884. 


10,547 


21,830 


601 


21,681 


750 


5,479 


5,268 


10,659 


88 


10,601 


146 


13,145 


12,079 


23,916 


1,308 


21,266 


3,958 


4,871 


4,761 


9,425 


207 


9,435 


197 


7,717 


7,314 


14,283 


748 


14,723 


308 


8,138 


7,441 


15,136 


443 


14.066 


1,513 


8,310 


7 763 


15,375 


698 


15,098 


975 


8,437 


7,082 


13,369 


2,150 


13,648 


1,871 


11,085 


10,537 


20,057 


1,565 


18,120 


3,502 


5,586 


5,177 


10,197 


566 


10,640 


123 


6,415 


6.142 


12,463 


94 


12,310 


247 


4,671 


4,601 


9,189 


83 


9,184 


88 


9 983 


9,191 


18,794 


380 


18,723 


451 


7,008 


(J,335 


12,723 • 


620 


13.216 


127 


5,635 


5,012 


10 365 


282 


10,580 


61 


3,891 


3,862 


7,732 


21 


7,727 


26 


5,161 


4.443 


9,569 


35 


9,436 


168 


13,885 


12,651 


22,101 


4,435 


24,469 


2,067 


5,824 


5,329 


8,435 


2,718 


10,988 


165 


8,947 


8,241 


16,712 


476 


17,160 


28 


14.649 


14,168 


28,010 


807 


26,009 


2,808 


7,762 


7,439 


14,662 


539 


14,997 


204 


10,518 


9,800 


19,824 


494 


20,245 


73 


12.301 


11,613 


23,096 


818 


22.925 


989 


3,775 


3,613 


7,169 


219 


7,338 


50 


8,291 


7,219 


14,621 


889 


15,285 


225 


9,-5.54 


8.874 


17,955 


473 


13,195 


5,233 


4.495 


4.319 


8,736 


78 


8,723 


91 


4.232 


3,951 


7,592 


591 


7,783 


400 


45,891 


36,437 


71,653 


10,675 


72,445 


9,883 


16,763 


15,258 


30,686 


1,335 


31.249 


772 


9,873 


8,863 


15,755 


2,981 


17,731 


1,005 


14,797 


13,380 


27,231 


946 


26,164 


2,013 


6,774 ' 


• 6,273 


12,341 


706 


12,8:9 


228 


5,889 


5,635 


1'1,145 


379 


11,048 


476 


13,370 


12,361 


23,679 


2,052 


21,313 


4,418 


8,990 


8,595 


16.835 


750 


17,284 


301 


8,157 


7.768 


15,080 


845 


14,520 


1,405 


9,010 


8,433 


16.606 


837 


15,299 


2,144 


10,349 


9.667 


18,823 


1,193 


19,184 


832 


10,365 


9,840 


18,952 


1,253 


19,062 


1,143 


4,101 


3,715 


7,777 


39 


7,804 


12 


13,449 


12,774 


24,383 


1,840 


24,726 


1,497 


4,463 


4,397 


8,506 


354 


8,552 


308 


3,806 


3,498 


6,974 


330 


7,292 


12 


12,622 


12,215 


22,828 


2,009 


21,123 


3,714 



28 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

CENSUS REPORT OF THE STATE FOR THE YEAR ISSO.— Continued. 

Couuties. Total. Male. Female. Native. Foreign. White. Col'd. 

Mercer 14,674 

Miller 9 807 

Mississippi 9,270 

Moniteau 14,349 

Monroe . . .• 19,075 

Montgomery 16,250 

Morgan 10,134 

New Madrid 7,694 

Newton 18,948 

Nodaway 29,560 

Oregon 5,791 

Osage 11,824 

Ozark 5,618 

Pemiscot 4,299 

Perry 11,895 

Pettis 27,285 

Phelps 12,565 

Pike 26,716 

Platte 17,372 

Polk 15,745 

Pulaski 7,250 

Putnam 13,556 

Ralls 11,838 

Randolpli 22,751 

Ray 20,193 

Reynolds 5,722 

Ripley 5,377 

St. Charles 23,060 

St. Clair 14,126 

St. Francois 13,823 

St. Genevieve 10,390 

St. Louis 31,888 

Saint Louis (City) 350,522 

Saline 29,912 

Schuyler 10,470 

Scotland 12,507 

Scott 8,587 

Shannon 3,441 

Shelby 14,024 

Stoddard . . . . : 13,432 

Stone ., 4,405 

Sullivan 16,569 

Taney 5,605 

Texas 12,207 

Vernon 19,370 

Warren 10,806 

Washington 12,895 

Wayne 9,097 

Webster 12,175 

Worth 8,208 

Wright 9,733 

The classification footings of the census of 1880 show: 



7,510 


7.164 


14,486 


188 


14,573 


101 


5,070 


4,737 


9,561 


346 


9,577 


230 


5,131 


4,139 


9,030 


250 


7,129 


2,141 


7,257 


7,093 


13,177 


1,173 


13,376 


973 


9,942 


9;i33 


18,739 


336 


16,935 


2,150 


8,383 


7,867 


15,304 


946 


14,334 


1,916 


5,182 


4,953 


7,399 


735 


9,719 


415 


4,145 


3,549 


7,587 


107 


5,813 


1,881 


9,767 


9,181 


18,324 


634 


18,345 


603 


15,669 


13,891 


27,936 


1,634 


39,447 


113 


2,995 


2,796 


5.772 


19 


5,772 


19 


6,201 


5,623 


9,848 


1,976 


11,432 


402 


2,920 


2,698 


5,603 


16 


5,604 


14 


2,300 


1,999 


4,367 


33 


4,033 


266 


6,120 


5,775 


10,588 


1,307 


11,434 


471 


14,150 


13,135 


85,438 


1,857 


24,278 


3,007 


6,478 


6,087 


11,739 


836 


13,059 


506 


13,645 


13,071 


25,888 


838 


31,340 


5,376 


9,055 


8,317 


16,645 


727 


15,754 


1,618 


7,886 


7,859 


15,649 


96 


15,459 


386 


3,719 


3,531 


6,987 


263 


7,190 


60 


6,953 


6,603 


13,333 


223 


13,536 


20 


6,163 


5,676 


11,453 


386 


10,635 


1,213 


11,830 


10,921 


21,302 


1,449 


19,937 


2,814 


10,637 


9,556 


19,765 


428 


18,473 


1,721 


2,901 


2,821 


5,679 


43 


5,708 


14 


2,803 


2,574 


5,377 


100 


5,367 


10 


12,097 


10,963 


18,774 


4,286 


30,650 


2,410 


7,243 


6,883 


13,839 


287 


13.817 


309 


7,246 


6,576 


13,739 


1,083 


13,169 


653 


5,338 


5,052 


9,396 


1,094 


9,833 


557 


16,988 


14,900 


35,399 


6,589 


38,009 


3,879 


79,484 


171,038 


245,538 


104,994 


338.333 


22,290 


15,619 


14,293 


38,657 


1,355 


34,987 


4,925 


5,334 


5,136 


10,133 


338 


10,461 


9 


6,398 


6,109 


13,338 


369 


13,378 


129 


4.631 


3,956 


7,973 


615 


8,036 


551 


1,742 


1,699 


3,430 


11 


3,441 


— 


7,126 


6,898 


13,330 


567 


13,087 


937 


6,924 


6,508 


13,320 


113 


13,399 


33 


2,327 


2,078 


4,395 


10 


4,377 


28 


8,589 


7,980 


16,303 


367 


16,487 


82 


2,900 


3,705 


5,586 


19 


5,601 


4 


6,223 


5,984 


13,013 


194 


13,178 


29 


10,184 


9,186 


18,900 


470 


19,368 


103 


5,743 


5,063 


8,917 


1,889 


9,853 


954 


6,457 


6,438 


13,478 


417 


11,857 


1,038 


4.764 


4,333 


8,935 


172 


8,990 


107 


6,201 


5,974 


13,044 


131 


11,938 


247 


4,320 


3,988 


8,031 


177 


8,307 


1 


4,003 


4,830 


9,559 


174 


9,471 


263 



Males • • 1,127,424 

Native born 1,957,564 

White 2,023,508 



Females 1,041,380 

Foreign born 211,240 

Colored* 145,236 



Total population in June, 1880, 2,168,804. 



*This includes 92 Chinese, 2 half-Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 29 

The following table shows the population of Missouri at each Federal 
census from 1810 to 1880: 

Tears. White. 

1810 17,227 

1820 55,988 

1830 114,795 

1840 323,888 

1850 592,004 

1860 1,063,489 

1870 1,603,146 

1880 2,023,568 



Free 




Total Popu- 


Colored. 


Slaves. 


lation. 


607 


3,011 


20,845 


376 


10,222 


66,586 


569 


25,091 


140,455 


1,574 


58,240 


383,702 


2,618 


87,422 


682,044 


3,572 


114,931 


1,182,012 


118,071 




1,721,295 


145,236 




2,168,804 



STATE FINANCES. 



THE STATE DEBT. 

The bonded indebtedness of Missouri has various periods to run. The 
following table is compiled from the State Auditor's report for 1879- 
1880, and embodies all state bonds that will become payable from 1882 
to 1897, at 6 per cent interest. 

St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad series $1,361,000 

Cairo & Fulton Railroad 267,000 

North Missouri Railroad 1,694,000 

State Debt proper 439,000 

Pacific Railroad 2,971,000 

Consolidation 2,727,000 

Platte County Railroad 504,000 

State University 201,000 

Northwestern Lunatic Asylum 200,000 

State Bank Stock, refunding 104,000 

State Funding 1,000,000 

Penitentiary Indemnity ' ' ' " 41,000 

Renewal Funding . . .'. 3,850,000 

School Fund Certificates 900,000 



Total ' $16,259,000 

In addition to this there are $250,000 of revenue bonds, issued June 1, 
1879; and $3,000,000 bonds issued to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad 
Company. 

THE STATE INCOME. 

The receipts of the State from all sources during the years 1879 and 
1880 were as follows: 



30 



HISTORY ♦OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



State Revenue Fund $3,024,084.39 

State Interest Fund 2,429,040.71 

State School Fund 335.55 

Swamp Land Indemnity Fund 15,408.05 

Insurance Department Fund 31,096.40 

Executors' and Administrators' Fund 6,790.07 

State School Moneys • 241,080.00 

State Seminary Moneys 3,660.00 

Earnings Missouri Penitentiary 214,358.97 

Militia Fund 82.25 

Total $5,965,936.39 

The total balance of all moneys in the State treasury January 1, 1881, 
was $517,517.21. 

During the year 1879, the state paid a total of $6,458.00 as bounty on 
wolf scalps; but in 1880 the amount was only $1,428.50. 



WHO MISSOURI VOTED FOR. 



PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI FROM 1830 TO 1880. 



v<»pr Presideutial Candidates Pnlitiral Parties 

^ ^^^- Voted lor in Missouri. Political l-artice. 

1820 James Monroe Democratic 

1824 John Q.Adams Coalitiou 

Andrew Jackson Democratic 

Henry Clay Democratic 

1828 Andrew Jackson Democratic 

John Q. Adams National Republican. 

1832 Andrew Jackson* Democratic 

1836 Martin Van Buren Democratic 

W. H.Harrison Whig 

Hu2;h L. White Independent 

1840 W.H.Harrison Whig 

Martin Van Buren Democratic 

1844 Jas. K. Polk Democratic 

Henry Clay Whig 

1848 Zachary Taylor Whig 

Lewis Cass Democratic 

1852 Franklin Pierce Democratic "... 

Wintield Scott Whig 

1856 Jas. Buchanan Democratic 

Millard Fillmore Am.erican 

1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican 

J. C. Bieckenridge State Rights Dem'cr't 

John Bell Old Line Whig 

Stephen A. Douglas . . .Union Democrat. . . . 
1864 Abraham Lincoln Republican 

Geo. B. McClcUan Democratic 






311 
. 987 
1,401 
8,232 
3,422 

10,995 
7,401 
93S 
22,972 
29,760 
41,309 
31,251 
32,671 
40,077 
38,353 
29,984 
58,164 
48,524 
17,028 
31,317 
58,372 
58,801 
72,750 
31,678 



U 1> 



Vice-President 
Candidates. 

D. D. Tompkins. 
Nathan Sanford. 
John C. Calhoun. 
Andrew Jackson. 
John C. Calhoun. 
Richard Rush. 
Martin Van Buren. 
R. M. Johnson 
Francis Granger. 
John Tyler. 
John Tyler. 
R. M. Johnson. 
Geo. M. Dallas. 
Th. Frelinghuysen. 
Millard Fillmore. 
Wm. O. Butler. 
Wm. R. King. 
Wm. A. Graham. 
J. C. Breckenridge. 
A. J. Donelson. 
Hannibal Hamlin. 
Joseph Lane. 
Edward Everett. 
H. V. Johnson. 
Andrew .Johnson. 
George H. Pendleton. 



♦This year Gen. Jackson received 5,192 majority; but the popular vote of Missouri for this year does 
not appear in any of the statistical tables. The other presidential candidates this year were: Henry 
Clay, National Republican; John Floyd, Independent; Wm. Wirt, Anti-Mason. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



31 



PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI FROM 1820 TO ISSQ.— Continued. 



Year. 
1868 
1872 



1876 



1880 



Presidential Candidates 
Voted for in Missouri. 



Political Parties 



86,860 



Ulysses S. Grant Republican 

Horatio Seymour Democratic 65,628 

Ulysses S Grant Republican 119,196 

Horace Greeley Dem. and Liberal 151,434 

Chas. O'Connor Democratic 2,429 

Thos. A. Hendricks 

B. Gratz Brown 

David Davis 

Rutherford B. Hayes . . . Republican 145,029 

Samuel J. Tilden Democratic 203,077 

Peter Cooper Greenbacker 3,498 

G. C. Smith Prohibitionist 64 

Scattering 97 

James A. Garfield Republican 153,567 

"W. S, Hancock Democratic 208,609 

James B. Weaver Greenback 35,135 



11 



13 



Vice President 
Candidates. 

Schuyler Colfax. 

F. P. Blair, Jr. 
Henry Wilson. 
B. Gratz Brown. 
Geo. W. Julien. 
John M. Palmer. 
T. E. Bramlette. 
Willis B. Machem. 
William. A Wheeler. 
Thomas A. Hendricks. 
Samuel F. Carey. 

G. T. Stewart. 

Chester A Arthur. 
W. H. English. 
B.J. Chambers. 



LIST OF GOVERNORS FROM 1820 TO 1880. 

YEAR. NAME. KEMARKS. 

1820 AlexanderMcNair 

1834 Frederick Bates died in office. 

1825 Abraham J. Williams vice Bates. 

1826 John Miller , 

1828 John Miller 

1832 Daniel Dunklin resigned; appointed Serv. Gen. U. S. 

1836 Lilburn W. Boggs vice Dunklin. 

1^40 Thos. Reynolds^ died 1844. 

1844 M. M. Marmaduke vice Reynolds. 

1844 John C. Edwards 

1848 Austin A. King 

1852 Sterling Price 

1856 Trusten Polk resigned. 

1857 Hancock Jackson vice Polk. 

1857 Robert M. Stewart. " " [State Convention. 

1860 C. F. Jackson office declared vacant by Unionist 

1861 Hamilton R. Gamble appointed governor by State Conven- 

1864 Willard P. Hall vice Gamble. [tion; died in office. 

1864 Thos. Fletcher 

1868 Joseph W. McClurg 

1870 B. Gratz Brown 

1872 Silas Woodson 

1874 Charles H. Hardin 

1876 John S. Phelps term now 4 years instead of 2. 

1880 Thos. T. Crittenden 



Year. 

1820 
1824 
1826 
1830 
1832 
1883 



LIST OF UNITED STAES SENATORS FROM 1820 TO 1880. 
Names. Year. Names. 



Thomas Hart Benton 

David Barton 

Thomas Hart Benton 

Alexander Buckner died in 1833 

Thomas Hart Benton. 

Lewis Field Linn vice Buckner 



1857 Trusten Polk 

1861 Waldo Porter Johnson 

1862 Robert Wilson 

1863 B. Gratz Brown 

1863 John B. Henderson 

1867 Chas. D. Drake resigned 1870 



32 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



LIST OF UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM 1820 TO 18S0.— Continued. 



Tear. Names. 

1836 Lewis Field Linn 

1838 Thomas Hart Benton 

1842 Lewis Field Linn died 1848 

1843 David R. Atchison vice Linn 

1844 David R. Atchison 

1844 Thomas Hart Benton 

1849 David R. Atchison 

1851 Henry S. Geyer 

1857 Jas. S.Green 



Year. Names. 

1869 Carl Schurz 

1870 Daniel F. Jewett vice Drake 

1871 Francis P. Blair, Jr 

1873 Lewis V. Bogy 

1875 Francis M. Cockrell 

1879 Daniel H. Armstrong 

1880 James Shields vice Bogy 

1881 GeorgeG. Vest 



MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM 1830 TO 1881. 



rt 


rt 


m 


S 


>i 


o 


1820 


17 


1823 


18 


1834 


19 


1826 


30 


1828 


21 


1830 


23 


1881 


23 


1833 


23 


1884 


24 


1836 


25 


1838 


26 


1838 


26 


1840 


27 


1843 


28 



1844 29 



1846 29 
1846 30 



1848 81 



1850 82 



1852 38 



NAMES. 

John Scott 

John Scott 

John Scott 

Edward Bates 

Spencer Pettis 

Spencer Pettis, died 1831 . . . 
Wm. H. Ashley, vice Pettis. 

Wm. H. Ashley 

John Bull 

Wm. H.Ashley 

Albert G. Harrison 

Albert G. Harrison 

John Miller 

Albert G. Harrison, died in 

1839 

John Miller 

J.Jamison, vice Harrison.. 

John Miller 

John C. Edwards 

James M. Hughes 

James H. Relfe 

John Jamisom 

John B. Bowlin 

Gustavus M. Brown 

James B. Bowlin 

James H. Relfe 

Sterling Price, resigned.... 

John S. Phelps 

Leonard H. Sims 

Wm. McDaniels, vice Price. 

James B. Bowlin 

John Jameson 

James S. Green 

WillardP. Hall 

John S Phelps 

James B. Bowlin 

William V. N.Bay 

James S. Green 

WillardP Hall 

John S. Phelps 

John F. Darby 

Gilchrist Porter 

John G.Miller 

Willard P Hall 

John S.Phelps 

Thos H. Benton 

Alfred W. Lamb 



1852 88 

1854 34 

1855 34 

1856 34 



1857 85 

1858 36 



1860 36 
1860 37 



1862 87 
1862 38 



H 

3 
4 
5 



John G.Miller 

Mordecai Oliver 

John S.Phelps 

James I. Lindley, at large. . 
Samuel Carruthers, at large. 

L. M. Kennett 

Gilchrist Porter 

John I, Limlley 

Mordecai Oliver 

John G. Miller, died 1855. . . 

John S. Phelps 

Samuel Carruthers 

Thos. P. Aiken, vice Miller. 

Francis P. Blair 

T.L.Anderson [1857 

Jas. S. Green, elec. U. S. Sen. 

James Craie; 

James H. Woodson 

John S. Phelps 

Sam'l Carruthers 

John B. Clark, vice Green . . 
J. Richard Barrett, declared 

not elected 

Thos. L. Anderson 

John B. Clark 

Jas Craie 

Jas. H. Woodson 

John S. Phelps 

John W. Noell 

Francis P. Blair, Jr., resigned 
J. Richard Barrett, vice Blair 

Francis P. Blair, Jr 

Jas. S. Rollins 

John B. Clark, expelled 

E. H. Norton 

John W. Reid, expelled 

John S. Phelps 

John W. Noell 

Wm. A. Hall, vice Clark 

Thos. L. Price, vice Reid . . . 

Francis P. Blair 

Henry T. Blow 

John W. Noell, died 1863. . . 

Sempronius S. Boyd 

Joseph W. McClurg 

Austin A. King 

Benjamin F. Loan 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



33 



MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM 1820 TO I860.— Continued. 



1864 89 



1862 38 8 
9 
3 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 



1866 40 



1867 40 

1868 41 



1870 42 



1872 43 



1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 



NAHES. 

W. A. Hall 

John S. Rollins 

John G. Scott, vice Noell. . . 

John Hogan 

Henry T. Blow 

Thos. E. Noell 

Joiui R. Kelsoe 

Joseph W. McClurg 

Robert T. Van Horn 

Benjamin F. Loan 

John F. Benjamin 

George W. Anderson 

William A. Pile 

C. A. Newcombe 

Thomas E. Noell. deceased. . 

J. J. Gravely 

Jos. W. ^McClurg, resigned 

Robert T. Van Horn 

Benjamin F. Loan 

John F. Benjamin 

George W. Anderson 

J. R. McCormack, vice Noell 
John H. Stover,vice McClurg 

Erastus Wells 

G. A. Finkelnburg 

J. R. McCormack 

S. H. Boyd 

Samuel S. Burdett 

Robert T. Van Horn 

Joel F. Asper 

John F. Benjamin 

David P. Dyer 

Erastus Wells 

G. A. Finkelnburg 

J. R. McCormack 

H. E. Havens 

Samuel S. Burdett 

A. Comingo 

Isaac C. Parker 

James G. Blair 

Andrew King 

E. O. Stanard 

Erastus Wells 

W. H. Stone 

Robert A. Hatcher 

Richard P.Bland 

Harrison E. Havens 

Thomas F. Crittenden 

Abram Comingo 

Isaac C. Parker 

Ira B. Hyde 

John B.Clark, Jr 

John M. Glover 

A. H. Buckner 



1874 44 



1876 45 



1878 46 



1879 46 



1880 47 



1 Edward C. KeiT 

2 Erastus Wells 

3 William H. Stone 

4 Robert A. Hatcher 

5 Richard P. Bland 

6 Charles H. Morgan 

7 John F. Philips 

8 Benjamin J. Franklin 

9 David Rea 

10 Rezin A. DeBolt 

11 John B.Clark, Jr 

12 John M. Glover 

18 Aylett H. Buckner 

1 Anthony Ittner 

2 Nathan Cole 

3 Lyne S. Metcalfe 

4 Robert H. Hatcher 

5 Richard P. Bland 

6 Charles H. Morgan 

7 Thos. T. Crittenden 

8 Benjamin J. Franklin 

9 David Rea 

10 Henry M. Pollard 

11 John B. Clark, Jr 

12 John M. Glover 

18 Aylett H. Buckner 

1 Martin L. Clardy 

2 Erastus Wells 

3 Richard G. Frost 

4 Lowndes H. Davis 

5 Richard P. Bland 

6 James R. Waddill 

7 Alfred M. Lay, died 

7 John F. Philips, vice Lay. 

8 Samuel L. Sawyer 

9 Nicholas Ford 

10 Gideon F. Rothwell 

11 John B. Clark, Jr 

12 Wm. H- Hatch 

13 Aylett H Buckner 

1 Martin L. Clardy. ... .. .. 

2 Thomas Allen 

3 Richard G. Frost 

4 Lowndes H. Davis 

5 Richard P. Bland 

6 Ira S. Hazeltine 

7 Theron M. Rice 

8 Robert T. Van Horn 

9 Nicholas Ford 

10 J. H. Burroughs 

11 John B. Clark, Jr 

12 Wm.H. Hatch 

13 Aylett H. Buckner 



The election for members of the legislature and members of Congress 
occurs biennially on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 
3 



34 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

the even numbered years — as 1880, 1882, etc.; and the legislature meets 
on the first Wednesday after January 1st, in the odd numbered years — 
as 1881, 1883, etc. The governor is elected every four years, at the same 
time with the presidential election. 



EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. 

The State of Missouri has made liberal provision for the support of 
public schools, equal to any other state in the Union.* The main fea- 
tures of our school system are well epitomized in a report made by the 
state superintendent in 1879, as follows: 

School Revenue — Is derived from invested state funds, bearing inter- 
est at the rate of six per cent per annum, and one-fourth of the state reve- 
nue collections, annually, equal to a tax of five cents on the $100 of valu- 
ation; from the invested county funds at rates from 6 to 10 per centum 
annually, secured by real estate mortgages ; from the sixteenth section or 
township fund invested and producing income in the same manner as the 
county funds. 

The state and township permanent funds arise principally from the sale 
of lands donated by the general government. The income is used only 
for teachers' wages, and is apportioned upon the number of children to 
districts having maintained the minimum term of school. 

The deficiency is supplied by local taxation, limited in amount, and con- 
trolled in the first instance by boards of directors, and second, by the 
tax-payers in annual meeting assembled. 

State Boards. — State Board of Education consists of the super- 
intendent of public schools, the governor, secretary of state, and attorney- 
general. The duties, practically, are simply the investment and care of 
the state permanent fund. 

Board of Curators of the State University — Consists of nine 
members, appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for 
a term of six years, three being appointed every two years. They con- 
trol and manage the university, agricultural college and school of mines 
and metallurgy. 

Boards of Regents — Of normal schools consist of six members 

* The first free day school ever opened in Missouri was by the Church of the Messiah, 
in St. Louis. This church was organized in 1834, by Rev. Wm. G. Elliott, D. D., who was 
the founder, and is now Chancellor of Washington tlniversitj'. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 35 

to each school, appointed by the governor, with consent of the senate, 
from the locality. The state superintendent of public schools is ex 
officio member of each board. 

Boards of Control — Of other institutions var^^ in name and num- 
ber of members. They are usually appointed by the governor. 

SuPERiNTENDE>Kr OF PuBLic ScHooLs — Has general supervision of 
the public schools ; collects and tabulates the school statistics of the state ; 
apportions the state school funds to the counties; gives information to 
school officers upon construction of school law; prepares and furnishes 
blanks for use of school officers: spends five days in each congressional dis- 
trict of the state, yearly, consulting and advising teachers and other school 
officers, and delivering lectures; is a member of the board of regents of 
the normal schools, and president of state board of education ; receives 
reports from the county commissioners and state institutions of learn- 
ing; makes annual reports to the governor and general assembly alter- 
nately; and is the executive manager of the state school fund under the 
direction of state board of education. 

County School Commissioners — Elected at the annual school meet- 
ings of the various school districts for the term of two years; compen- 
sation varies according to population of county, from twenty to forty 
dollars per annum and a fee, additional, of one and one-half dollars from 
each teacher undergoing examination; examines teachers, grants and 
revokes certificates; has final jurisdiction over appealed cases of changes 
of district boundaries, appealed from the annual meetings; condenses 
and reports to state superintendent of public schools the educational 
statistics of the county, as received by him from the district boards of 
directors; supplies the districts with copies of the law, and all blanks 
needed ; performs any and all duties required by the State Superintend- 
ent, and in counties where the people have voted in favor of it, employs 
his whole time in supervision and school work. 

Miscellaneous. — To draw public money, districts must maintain at 
least three months public school in each year, but the law requires and 
provides that four months shall be taught. Any person between the 
ages of six and twenty years may attend the public schools. In cities, 
towns and villages, the boards are authorized to hold from five to ten 
months term of school each year, and in the country districts the people 
may vote an extension of term over four months. The rate of taxation 
for school purposes, in addition to the distributed state, county and town- 
ship, or sixteenth section funds, is limited to forty cents on the $100 valu- 
ation, except that the people, at the annual school meeting, may vote an 
increase not to exeed sixty-five cents on the $100, by a majority vote of 
tax-payers. To raise funds by taxation for building purposes, requires 



36 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

that the increased rate be voted by two-thirds of the qualified voters 
voting at the annual or special meeting. 

Annual. School Meeting — Meets at the district school house annu- 
ally, and elects a director for a full term, and fills vacancies in tha board; 
determines the length of time in excess of four months, that the schools 
shall be kept open, and orders the proper levies within the limitations to 
be made therefor; votes a sum not exceeding $20 per annum for pur- 
chase of books for district library; decides for or against proposed changes 
of district boundary lines; directs the sale of property no longer required, 
and determines the applications of proceeds; designates their choice for 
county school commissioner every second year; directs the loan of 
money to aid in erecting school houses; directs the levy of tax for the 
erection of school houses; determines the location of the school house or 
houses; by a two-thirds vote changes location of school house; receives 
the reports of school district board as to financial condition, and itemized 
receipts and disbursements for the year ending. 

District Boards — Consist of three members in the country districts, 
and six members in the city, town and village districts ; each elected for 
a term of three years; one, annually, in the country, and two in the city, 
town and village districts; they elect one of their number president, and 
appoint a clerk who may not be a member of the board, if it so chooses; 
they are the executive officers of the school corporation, which each dis- 
trict is, being created by law; they serve without compensation; have 
custody of school property; execute the orders of the annual meeting; 
take the school census; make and file the estimates for tax levies; con- 
trol the disbursements of all school money; keep the district records; 
visit the schools; employ teachers; provide for a four months term of 
school without consulting the people; make rules for organization, gra- 
ding and government of the schools, suspend or expel pupils; admit and 
prescribe fees for non-resident pupils, and in general do all things neces- 
sary to carry on the schools. 

In city, town and village districts the board has power to establish 
higher grades of schools, but are subject to the same tax restrictions. 

Some cities have special charters giving other privileges than those 
enumerated, but subject to the same tax restrictions, they being constitu- 
tional provisions. 

Educational Directory. — University of Missouri, located at Colum- 
bia; number of students, 577; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, 
$39,000. State Agricultural College constitutes a department of the 
University. Three State Normal Schools, located respectively at Kirks- 
ville, Warrensburg and Cape Girardeau.* The appropriation to each of 

* St. Louis supports its own normal school, for the preparation and training of its 
teachers, the greater number of whom are graduates of this normal school. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 37 

normal schools is $7,500 per annum. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, located 
at Fulton; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, $91,000. Blind 
Asylum, located at St. Louis; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, 
$46,000. Lincoln Institute,* located at Jefferson City; legislative appro- 
priation, $10,000 for 1879 and 1880; devoted to training colored teachers 
for colored public schools of the state. School of Mines and Metallurgy, 
located at Rolla; legislative appropriation, $15,000 for 1879 and 1880; 
constitutes a department of the state university. State teachers' associ- 
ation, meets annually at places selected at each session, during the last 
week in June. 

Statistics of 1878. — School population, 688,248; school enrollment, 
448,033; No. of ungraded school districts, 8,142; No. of graded school 
districts, 279. No. of school houses, 8,092 ; estimated value of school 
houses and sites, $8,321,399; average school year in months, 5; average 
school year in months, in graded school districts, 9; total number of 
teachers employed, 11,268; total v^^ages of teachers, $2,320,430.20; aver- 
age wages of teachers per month, males, $36.36, females, $28.09; aver- 
age wages of teachers per month, in grades schools, estimated, males, 
$87.81, females, $40.73. 

Revenue. — From interest on state permanent fund, $174,030.15; 
from one-fourth state revenue collections, $363,276.32 ; from county and 
township permanent funds, $440,191.37; from district taxes, $2,446,- 
910.71. Total, $3,424,408.55. 

Permanent Funds.— State fund, $2,909,457.11; county fund, $2,388,- 
368.29; township or sixteenth section fund, $1,980,678.51. Total $7,278,- 
046.80. 

The state auditor's report for 1879 and 1880 furnishes the following 
school items; and they make a very favorable showing for the public 
school interests of Missouri: 

1879. 1880. 

Amount distributed to the counties $503,795.18 |515,2SG.09 

Maintenance of State University 19,500.00 19,500.00 

Support of Lincoln Institute 5,000.00 5,000.00 

Support School of Mines and Metallurgy 7,500.00 7,500.00 

JNormal School, 1st district 7,500.00 7,500 00 

« 2d " 7,500.00 7,500.00 

" " South Missouri district 7,500,00 7,500.00 

Distribution of school laws 308.58 43G.50 

* Lincoln Institute was first projected by the 62d Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry, 
while on duty in Texas, in 1865, and was designed for the higher education of colored 
people. In January, 1866, the state attached a state normal department to it, to provide 
suitable teachers for the public schools for colored children. The school was opened 
Sept. 17, 1876, but was not finally provided for by law as a state normal school until Feb. 
14, 1870, since which time it has gone steadily forward and done a good work for the 
negro population. 



38 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

MASSACHUSETTS AND MISSOURI SCHOOL RATES. 

Massachusetts is taken almost universally as the standard of measure- 
ment for other states. The state reports of Massachusetts and Missouri, 
for 1S79, show that in the former there was applied to the educa- 
tion of every child of school age the sum of $13.71 — in the latter, 
$4.37. But it must be remembered that school age in Massachusetts is 
between five and fifteen years; in Missouri between six and twenty ; a 
difference of four years in school. 

The report of the secretary of the Massachusetts board of education, 
for 1879, states the "per centage of valuation appropriated for public 
schools," as two and seventy-two one hundredths mills. In Missouri it 
was over five mills. That is, every tax-paying Missourian paid nearly 
twice as much for the maintenance of public schools on the same amount 
(of value) of property as the tax-payer of Massachusetts. 

DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS. 

^i?AM^T^ NAME OP INSTIT.UTION. WHERE LOCATED. DENOMINATION. 

1871 Central College Fayette M. E. Church South. 

1856 Christian College Canton Christian. 

1859 College Christian Brothers . St. Louis Roman Catholic. 

1873 Drury College Springfield Congregational. 

1868 Hannibal College Hannibal M. E. Church South. 

1865 Lewis College Glasgow Methodist Episcopal. 

1870 Lincoln College Greenwood United Presbyterian. 

1853 McGee College College Mound.. .Cumb. Presb3^terian. 

1867 St. Joseph College St. Joe Roman Catholic. 

1832 St. Louis University St. Louis Roman Catholic. 

1844 St. Paul College Palmyra Protestant Episcopal. 

1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau. .Roman Catholic. 

1857 Washington University. . .St. Louis Non-Sectarian. 

1852 Westminster College Fulton Presbyterian. 

1853 Wm. Jewell College Liberty Baptist. 

1869 Woodland College Independence .... Christian. 

1835 St. Charles College '. . St. Charles M. E. Church South. 

1852 Central College Fayette " " " 

1843 Arcadia College Arcadia " " " 

THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. 

1839 Concordia College St. Louis Evangelical Luth'ran 

1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau. .Roman Catholic. 

Theological School of West- 
minster College Fulton Presbyterian. 

1869 Vanderman School of The- 
ology Liberty Baptist. 

In addition to the above, the Baptists have: Stephens College, Columbia* 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 39 

Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville ; Baptist Female College, Lexington ; La 
Grange College, La Grange; Baptist College, Louisiana; Liberty Female 
College, Liberty ; St. Louis Seminary for Young Ladies, Jennings Sta- 
tion; Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson; Booneville Seminary for 
Young Ladies, Booneville; North Grand River College, Edinburg; 
Ingleside Academy, Palmyra. 

The Christian connection has Christian University, at Canton, in Lewis 
county. 

The Congregationalists have Thayer College, at Kidder, in Caldwell 
county. 

The German Evangelicals have Missouri College, in Warren county. 

The Methodist Episcopals (North) have Johnson College at Macon 
City. 

The Presbyterians have Lindenwood Female College, at St. Charles. 

A good feeling prevails amongst these different schools. Each attends 
to its own work in its own way, caring for the patronage of its own peo- 
ple and the community at large, as a good neighbor of every otHir 
worker. A most liberal and impartial legislative policy is pursued, by 
dealing with all alike before the law, whether in the maintenance of 
vested rights or in the matter of taxation. By constitutional provision 
all property actually used for school and religious purposes may be 
exempted from taxes, and the same constitution most explicitly interdicts 
all discrimination, and also all favor or partiality. 

LAW SCHOOLS. 

FOUNDED. NAME LOCATION. 

1872 Law College of State University Columbia. 

1867 Law Department of Washington University St. Louis. 

MEDICAL SCHOOLS. 

FOUNDED. NAME. LOCATION. 

1869 Kansas City College of Physicians and Surgeons. .Kansas City. 

1873 Medical College of State University Columbia. 

1840 Missouri Medical College ' St. Louis. 

1841 St. Louis Medical College " 

1858 Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri " 

1865 Missouri Dental College " 

1864 St. Louis College of Pharmacy " 

SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS. 

1870 Agricultural and Mechanical College (State Uni- 

versity) Columbia. 

1871 Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (State 

University) RoUa. 

1857 Polytechnic Department of Washington University.St. Louis. 



40 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

■ <» B ^^ • 

-S g £ s 2 '^ 

RELIGIOUS DEKOMINATIONS—18V9-80. "^ S <-.2 g^l 

Catholic 216 264 200,000 

Protestant Episcopal 65 50 25,000 

Lutheran Indepeudent Evangelical 25 20 1,000 

English Evangelical 6 6 1,000 

" German " '76 68 3.633 

Presbyterian, O. S. North 210 151 11,143 

" South 135 73 7,662 

Cumberland 361 169 15,823 

United 10 12 700 

" Reformed 3 4 165 

Congregational 71 47 3,747 

Bapdst 1.385 823 86,999 

Christian, about 500 500 70,000 

Methodist Episcopal, South 559 648 53,382 

North 359 420 42,888 

" " African * 58 59 4,954 

African Methodist Episcopal, Zion ) 

Colored " " [• about 116 118 9,908 

Methodist, Protestant and Free Methodist Episcopal Church ) 

Unitarian 5 5 

% 

Total 4.160 3,437 539,004 

Note.— Church members of the Catholic and Protestant Episcopal Churches include all persons bap- 
tized into the church. The others count only communicants in good standing. 



PROTECTIONAL LAWS. 



Our state legislature has made ample and discreet provision for the 
protection of a home-place from sale on execution. The home and property 
rights of married women, widows and orphans, are guaranteed by 
statute as far as is practicable. A limit has also been fixed to the amount 
of indebtedness which may be incurred by the people in voting bonds to 
railroads, or other enterprises in which they may feel a friendly interest, 
but in aiding which, too generally, so many western communities have 
burdened themselves and their posterity with debts and taxation that are 
grevious to be borne. 

HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION. 

The laws of Missouri reserve from execution, in the hands of every 
head of a family living in the country, a homestead, consisting of one 
hundred and sixty (160) acres of land, not exceeding $1,500 in value; to 
every head of a family, in cities of over 40,000 inhabitants, a homestead 
consisting of not more than eighteen square rods of ground, and of a 
valuation not exceeding $3,000; and in cities and towns of less than 40,- 
000 inhabitants, a homestead, consisting of not more than thirty square 
rods of ground, and of the value of not more than $1,500. Thus it is 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 41 

seen that a farmer's homestead in Missouri consists of one hundred and 
sixty acres of land and the improvements thereon, not exceeding in value 
$1,500; the homestead of the residents of the smaller towns is of the 
same value; while that allowed to the inhabitants of St. Louis, St. 
Joseph and Kansas City, w^here land is more valuable, and the cost of 
living greater, is tixed at $3,000. 

The homestead is in the nature of a lien or charge, in favor of the 
wife and children, upon certain property of the husband, defined in 
extent, and limited in value. A declaration of what this property is may 
be recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds, and notice is thus 
imparted to all persons having dealings with the owner, that this particu- 
lar property is not subject to execution, and that they ought not to give 
credit on the faith of it. The state, under this head, provides that: "Any 
married woman may tile her claim to the tract or lot of land occupied or 
claimed by her and her husband, or by her, if abandoned by her husband, 
as a homestead. Said claim shall set forth the tract or lot claimed, that 
she is the wife of the person in whose name the said tract or lot appeaq^ 
of record, and said claim shall be acknowledged by her before some 
officer authorized to take proof or acknowledgment of instruments of 
writing affecting real estate, and be filed in the recorder's office, and it 
shall be the duty of the recorder to receiv^e and record the same. After 
the filing of such claims, duly acknowledged, the husband shall be de- 
barred from, and incapable of selling, mortgaging and alienating the 
homestead in any manner whatever, and such sale, mortgag^or alienation 
is hereby declared null and void; and the filing of any such claims as 
aforesaid with the recorder shall impart notice to all persons of the con- 
tents thereof, and all subsequent purchasers and mortagors shall be 
deemed, in law and equity, to purchase wdth notice ; provided, however, 
that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent the hus- 
band and wife from jointly conveying, mortgaging, alienating, and, in 
any other manner, disposing of such homestead, or any part thereof." 

Such a law% while securing the benefits of a homestead to the debtor, 
works no injustice to the creditor. He sees that the debtor has certain 
property recorded as his homestead. He never gives credit on the faith that 
this property will be subject to his execution; but he looks simply to the 
other property of the debtor, or to the state of his business and his char- 
acter for honesty. 

It may be added that the supreme court of this state has construed the 
homestead laws liberally, with the view of carrying out the benevolent 
purposes of the legislature. If the debtor is ignorant or timid, when the 
sheriff' comes with an execution to lev}-, and fails to claim his right of 
homestead, his family are not, therefore, to be turned out of doors. The 
3 



42 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

sheriff must summon appraisers and set the homestead apart, whether the 
debtor claims it or not; and if he does not do this, his sale will pass no title 
to the purchaser so far as the debtor's homestead is concerned. If the 
debtor makes a conveyance of property embracing his family homestead, 
for the purpose of hindering or defrauding his creditors, this does not 
work a forfeiture of his homestead right; his wrongful act is not thus to 
be appealed to in prejudice of his wife and children. If the cruelty of 
the husband drives the wife from the homestead, this does not put an end 
to her interest in the homestead. She may return and claim it after his 
death, and his administrator must set it apart for her. 

EXEMPTIONS OF PERSONAL PROPERTY. 

Pursuing the same wise and benevolent policy, the statutes provide 
that the following personal property shall be exempt from attachment and 
execution when owned by the head of a family: "1. Ten head of choice 
hogs, ten head of choice sheep,' and the product thereof in wool, yarn or 
^oth; two cows and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe, and one set of 
plow gears, and all the necessary farm implements for the use of one man. 
2. Two work animals of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars. 3. 
The spinning-wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus, necessary for 
manufacturing cloth in a private family. 4, All the spun yarn, thread 
and cloth manufactured for family use. 5. Any quantity of hemp, flax 
and wool, not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. 6. All wearing apparel 
of the famil}\, four beds, with usual bedding, and such other household and 
kitchen furniture, not exceeding the value of one hundred dollars, as may 
be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory thereof, to be re- 
turned, on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose duty it may be 
to levy the same. 7. The necessary tools and imolements of trade of 
any mechanic while carrying on his trade. 8. Any and all arms and 
military equipments required by law to be kept. 9. All such provisions 
as may be on hand for family use, not exceeding one hundred dollars in 
value. 10. The bibles and other books used in a family, lettered grave- 
stones, and one pew in a house of worship. 11. All lawyers, physicians, 
ministers of the gospel and teachers, in the actual prosecution of their 
calling, shall have the privilege of selecting such books as shall be neces- 
sary to their profession, in the place of other property herein allowed, at 
their option; and doctors of medicine, in lieu of other property exempt 
from execution, may be allowed to select their medicines." In lieu of this 
property, each head of a family may, at his election, select and hold 
exempt from execution any other propert}^, real, personal, or mixed, or 
debts or wages not exceeding in value the amount of three hundred dol- 
lars. 

The legislature of the state has wisely considered that the debtor ought 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 43 

not to be permitted to plead poverty as against the claims of creditors 
equally necessitous. It is accordingly provided that the foregoing 
exemption cannot be claimed when the debt is for wages due to a house 
servant or common laborer to the extent of $90, and when the action to 
recover the same is brought wi'Aiin six months after the last services were 
rendered. Nor can the purchaser of goods make this law an instrument 
of fraud by claiming goods which he has purchased on credit against an 
execution for the purchase money. 

RIGHTS OF MARRIED WOMEN. 

State legislation is extremely careful of the rights of married women. 
If a wife is unjustly abandoned by her husband, the circuit court will 
sequester his property for the purpose of maintaining her and the children 
of the marriage. If he abandons her, or from worthlessness or drunken- 
ness fails to support her, the court will not only allow her to sell her own 
real estate without his joining in the deed, but will require any person 
holding money or property to which he may be entitled in her right, to 
pay the money over to her. 1. Under such circumstances she is entitled 
to the proceeds of her own earnings and those of her minor children. 2. 
If her real estate is damaged for railroads, or other public works, the 
damages accrue exclusively to her. 3. If her husband gets into the peni- 
tentiary, she becomes to all intents and purposes a femme sole . 4. And if he, 
by ill usage, compels her to live separate and apart from him, she may 
claim the sole and exclusive enjoyment of her property as if she were un- 
married. Rents, issues and profits of her real estate cannot be taken in 
execution for his debts, except when contracted for family necessaries. 
Moreover, by a very broad statute lately enacted, a wife may hold all her 
personal property free from her husband's control and exempt from liabil- 
ity for his debts. If he becomes incompetent to lead in the marital part- 
nership, she may take the reins in her hands, engage in trade, accumulate 
property, and no act of his will create a charge upon it. Finally, at his 
death, the family homestead descends to her and the children, if any there 
be, to be held by her for life; if there be any children, in common with 
them; if not, by herself alone. She also takes dower in one-third of all 
the real estate of which her husband may have been seized at any time 
during marriage, in which she has not conveyed her right of dower, 
diminished, however, by the homestead which is set apart to her. She 
takes also a child's share of his personal estate; and, in addition to all 
this, she is allowed to retain as her absolute property a large amount of 
personalty. 

TAXATION. 
The constitution places it beyond the power of reckless or dishonest 



44 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

public agents to burden the people with excessive taxation. Taxes for 
state purposes, exclusive of the taxes necessary to pay the bonded debt 
of the state, cannot exceed twenty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; 
and whenever the taxable property of the state shall amount to $900,000,- 
000 the rate shall not exceed fifteen cents. The rate of taxation for 
county, city, town and school purposes, is likewise strictly limited. 
Counties, cities, towns, townships and school districts cannot become 
indebted beyond the revenue provided for eaph year without a two-thirds 
vote of all voters therein, nor, in any event, to an amount exceeding five 
per cent on the value of the taxable property. 

The statutes of limitation in Missouri provide that an open account can- 
not be collected after it has run five years; a note is uncollectible if held for 
ten years after due; and a judgment expires by limitation in ten years. 

The standard legal rate of interest in this state is six per cent; but a 
higher rate not exceeding ten per cent may be contracted for. 

PUBLIC DEBT LIMITATION. 

The state debt, according to the State Auditor's last report, [1878], is 
$16,758,000. This mostly grew out of the various issues of bonds given 
in aid of railroads, and bears interest at the rate of six per cent per annum. 
To liquidate this debt the constitution provides for the annual levy of 
taxes, now fixed by law at twenty cents on the $100 of the valuation. 
With the sum thus raised the interest of the debt is first to be paid, and of 
the remainder not less than $250,000 is to be set apart as a sinking fund 
for the purchase and retirement of the bonds themselves. Hence, in a 
few years, with the vast increase in the taxable wealth, which is sure to 
come, the whole of the debt will be extinguished. There is an additional 
state tax of twenty cents on the $100 for current expenditures, a large 
share of which is devoted to the support of the common schools. This 
tax is ample for the purposes for which it is intended, and there is a con- 
stitutional provision that it shall be reduced to fifteen cents on the $100 as 
soon as the taxable property of the state shall aggregate a total valuation 
of $900,000,000. 

The state, and all its municipal subdivisions, whether counties, cities or 
towns, are forbidden by the constitution to loan their credit to any corpora- 
tion, so that there is no method by which the public indebtedness can be 
increased in the usual way. Owing to the great zeal of the people to for- 
ward public improvements of all kinds, a municipal indebtedness, aggre- 
gating, according to the auditor's last report, $35,727,566.49, has been 
contracted. Of this amount the debt of the city of St. Louis is shown to 
constitute $22,712,000, leaving for the agricultural portion of the state and 
the other cities, towns, townships and school districts only a little over 
$13,000,000. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 45 

The present organic law prevents any municipality from contracting 
liabilities, in any one fiscal year, beyond the amount of the levy made for 
that year, and in no county can the rate of taxation for local purposes, 
aside from the school tax, exceed fifty cents on the $100 valuation, unless 
two-thirds of the voters shall assent to the levy of a larger sum. Neither 
can the school tax in country districts exceed forty cents on the $100 
without the consent of the tax-payers, to be obtained by a vote of the ma- 
jority of the residents. 

COMPARATIVE TAX RATE. 

It will be interesting to note how the tax rate of our own state com- 
pares with that of adjoining states. 

The average tax levy for all purposes in Missouri is about $1.30 on the 
$100; adding to this 70 cents on the $100 for the payment of bonded 
indebtedness where it exists, there is an average of $2 on the $100 as 
the rate, and a certainty of its steady decrease. This is given as an average, 
and while in a few counties the tax rate is higher, in the majority it is 
much lower. 

By the report of the state auditor of Kansas, for the year ending June 
30, 1878, the tax levy for state purposes is shown to be 55 cents on the 
$100, and the average levy for local debts and expenses $3.82 on the $100, 
making a total average tax of $4.37 on the SlOO. The taxable property 
of Kansas in 1878 aggregated the sum of $138,698,810.98, and the local 
indebtedness was reported by the state auditor at $13,473,197.51. In 
Nebraska the tax levy for state purposes alone is 62^ cents on the $100, 
exclusive of taxes to pay local debts and expenses. 

In Iowa, the average rate of taxation for the year 1878 was $2.67 on the 
$100. In Illinois the tax levy for 1877, the last given in the auditor's 
report, was $3.24 on the $100, and the local indebtedness of that state 
was then the sum of $51,811,691. 

Thus, it is clear that Missouri has a lower rate of taxation than any of 
the neighboring states above mentioned; and, in addition to this, under 
her wise constitutional provision, the rate of taxation must continually 
decrease every year, until only a sufficient amount of taxes to liquidate 
current expenses will be collected. 

There are twenty counties that have no indebtedness whatever, and 
forty more the debt of which is merely nominal ; so that their burden of 
taxation will be lighter than in any other portion of the United States. 



46 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



FEDERAL AFFAIRS IN THE STATE. 



FEDERAL COURTS. 

The United States is divided into nine supreme court circuits, to each of 
which one of the supreme court judges is assigned. Missouri is now in 
the eighth circuit, which includes Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, 
Missouri, Nebraska and Colorado; and George W. McCrary, of Iowa, 
who was secretary of war, in President Hayes' cabinet, is now the 
judge of this circuit. Missouri is divided into an east and west United 
States judicial district; and Samuel Treat, of St. Louis, is United States 
judge of the east district, while Arnold Krekel, of Jefferson City, presides 
over the west district. 

FEDERAL REVENUE. 

Missouri paid the following amounts of internal revenue to the United 
States during the year ending June 30, 1880: On distilled spirits, $2,151,- 
643.98; on tobacco, $2,391,989.93; on fermented liquors, $711,654.53; on 
banking, $182,929.25; on other items, $1,360.27. Total, $5,448,344.83. 
Illinois, Kentucky, New York and Ohio were the only states which paid 
a larger sum of revenue on spirits; Illinois, New Jersey, New York, 
Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia paid larger on tobacco; Illinois, New 
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin paid large-r on fermented 
liquors (chiefly lager beer); California, New York and Pennsylvania are 
the only states which paid larger on banking transactions. 

In 1878, Missouri paid $115,729.64 as penalties for violation of U. 
S. internal revenue laws, which was the highest amount on this item paid 
by any state — the next highest being Pennsylvania, which was " caught 
at it " to the amount of $27,867.20. 

U. S. LANDS AND LAND OFFICES. 

There are now three U. S. land offices in Missouri, to-wit: at Boon- 
ville, Ironton and Springfield. The report of the general land office for 
1879 showed 41,836,931 acres of government land still open to home- 
stead entry in Missouri. 

LEGAL TENDER IN MISSOURI. 

Gold coins of the United States (unmutilated), and the " greenback" 
paper currency are legal tender for the payment of any possible amount 
of indebtedness. Silver coins are legal tender for any amount not exceed- 
ing $10 at one payment — but the standard silver dollar is legal tender for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 47 

any amount, unless the contract specially provides otherwise. The baser 
coins of nickel, copper and alloy (3 cent pieces), are legal tender for any 
sum not exceeding 25 cents. The " trade dollar," and national bank 
notes are not legal tender; neither is any foreign coin, either of gold or 
silver, nor the " stamped bullion " gold pieces of California. 

U. S. CUSTOM HOUSE. 

St. Louis is a port of entry for foreign goods; and the imports received 
here during the year 1880, amounted to (foreign value), $1,401,180; on 
which the import duties paid was $537,257.83. A fine (Justom house 
building is in process of erection, and will be completed in 1881. 

MILITARY. 

In the south part of St. Louis, on the river, there is a United States 
arsenal, and six miles below the city, Jeflerson Barracks are situated, a sta- 
tion for a small part of the regular army. A few squares from the 
arsenal there is a United States marine hospital. 



MISSOURI'S DISTINGUISHED MEN. 

Within our allotted space we can only give a brief sketch of those citi- 
zens of Missouri who have so pre-eminently distinguished themselves as 
to have achieved a solid national, and in some cases a world-wide fame. 
First among these is — 

Daniel Boone. The adventures of this famous hunter and Indian 
fighter have become a staple part of the world's perennial stock of daring 
exploits and hair-breadth escapes. He w'as born in Bucks county, Penn- 
sylvania, February 11, 1735; emigrated to North Carolina and there mar- 
ried. In 1773 he emigrated with his own and live other families to Ken- 
tucky, and founded the present town of Boonesborough. In 1795 he 
removed to the Missouri river country, and settled in St. Charles county, 
about forty-five miles west of St. Louis, where he died in 1820, aged 85. 
His remains, together with those of his wife, were many years after- 
ward removed to Boonesborough, Kentucky, and a monument reared 
over them. 

Thomas H. Benton. Col. Benton was, in his lifetime, recognized as 
one of the foremost statesmen of the nation, and the hearts of all good 
Missourians kindle with pride at the mention of his name. He was a 
specimen type of the best sort of Democrat; he always stood with Gen. 



48 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Jackson and opposed the state-rights doctrines of John C. Calhoun; in 
congress he opposed the repeal of the "Missouri Compromise;" and during 
Gen. Jackson's presidency Col. Benton was so vigorous a champion of 
hard money, as against the old U. S. bank swindle, that he came to be 
familiarly known all over the United States as "Old Bullion." Col. Benton 
was born near Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 17S2; studied law 
at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1810, In the war of 1812 he served as a Colonel 
under Gen. Jackson ; settled at St. Louis in 1815. In 1820 he was elected as 
the first U. S. Senator from Missouri, and continued to be re-elected every 
term for thirty years; the longest period that any man in the nation has 
filled a senatorial seat. In 1852-3 he served one term as member of con- 
gress from the first district. In 1856 he was defeated in his candidacy for 
governor by the state-rights party, to whose doctrines he was strongly 
opposed, from the time of the nullification acts of South Carolina m 1832, 
up to the day of his death. In 1854 he published his great work, "Thirty 
Years in the United States Senate," in two large volumes, and these are 
held in high esteem as standard authority by politicians and statesmen of 
every class. Col. Benton died April 10, 1858, mourned by the whole 
nation as one of her worthiest sons. 

James B. Eads, a citizen of St. Louis. His marvelous achievements as 
a civil engineer have made his name familiar in all civilized countries on 
the face of the earth; and his last great work, the jetties at the mouth of 
the Mississippi river, has revolutionized the commerce of three continents. 
Mr. Eads was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, May 28, 1820; emigrated 
with his parents to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1829; and in 1833 settled at 
St. Louis. In July, 1861, the government advertised for seven gun-boats 
of about 600 tons burden, drawing not over six feet of water, plated with 
iron 2^ inches thick, to steam nine miles an hour, and carry thirteen guns.* 
Mr. Eads contracted to build those seven vessels in sixty-five days. At 
this time the timber for them stood uncut in the forest; the iron for their 
plating was still in the mines, and no machine yet in existence of capacity 
to roll such enormous plates; and not a pound of iron or steel yet wrought 
or cast for the construction of the twenty-one steam engines and thirty- 
five boilers required to propel the fleet. But within twenty-four hours 
from the signing Of the contract at Washington, he had all the iron works, 
foundries and machine shops of St. Louis, started on the work; and inside 
of two weeks he had more than 4,000 men working in alternate gangs by 
night and day, Sundays included, so that not an hour should be lost. The 
boats were built at St. Louis, but the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, 
Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota and Missouri were, all drawn upon for material, 
while large works in Cincinnati and Pittsburg were also whirling every 

*See ilajor Boynton's "History of the United States Navy." 





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OS 

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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 49 

wheel to hasten forward the great undertaking, all being under the direc- 
tion and control by telegraph or in person of this one man ; and he filled 
the contract. The world's history shows no parallel to the wonderful 
mastery of resources and the tremendous vigor of executive and super- 
visory talent which this achievement involved. He projected, planned 
and built the magnificent railroad bridge across the Mississippi river at 
St Louis, which ranks among the greatest works of its kind on this round 
globe. He projected and built the jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi, 
which enable the largest sea-going vessels to pass in and out freely, thus 
making possible the barge system of shipping grain and other products 
from St. Louis and Kansas City direct to foreign countries, and which 
has within two years revolutionized the entire international commerce of 
the Mississippi and Missouri valley states. He is now engaged in devel- 
oping a ship railway across the Isthmus of Panama, which will take the 
heaviest loaded ships into a dry-dock on wheels and trundle them from 
ocean to ocean as easily and safely as they are now towed through the 
ship canal at Suez. 

Carl Schurz. Born near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829; educated 
at the University of Bonn; took part in the revolutionary agitations of 
Europe in 1848 and following years, involving Germany, Austria, Italy, 
Hungary, etc.; and in which Kossuth in Hungary, and Garibaldi in Italy 
were prominent leaders, whose names are familiar to and honored by all 
Americans. Mr. Schurz came to the United States in 1852; settled as a 
lawyer at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1859; in 1861 was appointed minister 
to Spain ; resigned and came home, and in 1862-3-4, was a major-gen- 
eral of volunteers in the Union army. In 1867 he settled at St. Louis as 
editor of the Westliche Post; was United States senator from Mis- 
souri from 1869 to 1875, and was secretary of the interior in President 
Hayes' cabinet. Mr. Schurz has thus won the highest positions ever held 
in the United States by any foreign-born citizen, and has reflected honor 
upon Missouri, his adopted state, by his masterful ability as a public 
speaker, and his strong, earnest, humanitarian efforts as an executive offi- 
cer. 

Prof. Charles V. Riley, was born in London, England, September 
12, 1843; came to the United States in 1860. In 1868 established in St. 
Louis, in company with Benjamin D. Walsh, a scientific journal called the 
American Entomologist, and was the same year appointed state entomol- 
ogist of Missouri; this position he filled to the great benefit and honor of 
the state for eight years; then he was called to come up higher, and took 
position as entomologist of the national department of agriculture at 
Washington. Prof. Riley's valuable investigations and discoveries with 
regard to the Colorado beetle (potato bug), the Rocky jNIountain locust 
4 



50 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

(grasshoppers), the cotton worm, and the phylloxera, or grape insect, have 
placed his name in the foremost ranks in the world of science, and among 
the greatest of benefactors to the agricultural and horticultural industries 
of the world. This he achieved while serving Missouri as state entomol- 
ogist, and through the publication by the state of his annual reports. 
Hence, the name and good repute of our noble commonwealth is insepar- 
ably associated with his honor and fame, which has reached the farthest 
confines of every land where potatoes, cotton or grapes are cultivated. 



MISSOURI IN THE CIVIL WAR. 

Missouri was powerfully agitated by the controversy on the slavery 
question in 1818-19-20, which resulted in the "Missouri Compromise." 
This was a compact, mainly carried through congress by the eloquence 
and influence of the great senator, Henry Clay, of Kentucky, by which 
it was agreed that Missouri should be admitted to the Union as a slave- 
holding state; but that slavery should be forever excluded from any states 
which might thereafter be formed out of new territory west of the western 
boundary of Missouri, and north of the parallel of 36 degrees, 30 minutes 
of north latitude. This line practically corresponds with the southern 
boundary of Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Utah, 
as they now stand. 

In May, 1854, congress passed a bill organizing the territories of 
Kansas and Nebraska, in which it was declared that the Missouri Com- 
promise of 1820 did not apply to them. This was an indirect w^ay of 
repealing or rendering nugatory the bargain made between the northern 
and the southern states in that compromise ; and the floodgates of angry 
debate, contention and strife were at once opened. This became the issue 
upon which all elections turned. Instead of slavery being prohibited, as the 
compromise of 1820 had declared it should be, it was thrown open for the 
territorial legislature to decide whether it should be free or slave territory. 
In view of this, there was a rush and race of settlers from the free states 
and the slave states into Kansas, to see which party should get control of 
the first territorial legislature ; and in this movement Missouri, as a slave 
state, took a prominent part. It was a border country conflict, and there 
was illegality and violence on both sides, making a chapter in our state 
history the details of which might profitably be dropped out and forgotten. 
Suffice to say, the free state party carried the election; and thus conflict 
was a precursor of the great civil war. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 51 

In 1860 C. F. Jackson was elected governor of Missouri. Abraham 
Lincoln had been elected President of the United States at the same time. 
Governor Jackson took his seat January 4, 1861; the question of secession 
was then already in warm discussion in some of the southern states, and 
Governor Jackson in his inaugural address maintained that " Missouri 
must stand by the other slave-holding states, whatever course they may 
pursue." The general assembly ordered an election to be held February 
18th, for members of a state convention; the proposed object of this con- 
vention was " to consider the then existing relations between the United 
States, the people and government of the different states, and the govern- 
ment and people of the state of Missouri; and to adopt such measures for 
vindicating the sovereignty of the state and the protection of its institutions 
as shall appear to them to be demanded." This convention met, first at 
Jefferson City, and afterward at St. Louis, and had a decided majority of 
Unionists — that is, of men opposed to secession; some because they 
beheved in the doctrine of "Federal Nationality," as against the doctrine 
called "State Rights;" others because, like A. H. Stevens, of Georgia, 
they saw with a clear eye that secession must inevitably result in the 
overthrow of slavery. And thus the Union men themselves were strongly 
divided into northern and southern sympathizers. The convention sat at 
St. Louis, without anv important results, from March 9th to 22d, when it 
adjourned, subject to the call of its committee on federal relations. 

National events rushed on rapidly to a crisis which would admit of no 
temporizing. In April, Fort Sumter was fired upon; President Lincoln 
called for 75,000 troops ; and men must now take sides for or against the 
national sovereignty of the lawfully constituted Federal authorities. Our 
legislature w^as in session; its measures and discussions were almost 
entirely of the " State Rights " type ; and in a message to the legislature 
on May 3, 1861, Governor Jackson said the President's call for troops "is 
unconstitutional and illegal, tending toward a consolidated despotism, * * 
Our interest and sympathies are identical with those of the slave-holding 
states, and necessarily unite our destiny with theirs." While these 
influences were working in the central and w^estern parts of the state, and 
organizations of " state guards " were being rapidly formed to resist the 
federal authority. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair were actively 
enlisting men and organizing regiments in St. Louis and vicinity, to main- 
tain the federal authority. The most intense alarm and consternation 
prevailed throughout the state. Several minor conflicts occurred between 
state militia or " guards " and Union troops, all hinging upon the question 
of which power had the right of paramount sovereignty. The state 
troops were mostly under command of General Sterhng Price, subordinate 
only to the governor of the state; while the federal troops were under 



52 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

command of General Lyon, by authority of the President of the United 
States.* 

Governor Jackson finally tried to make terms with Gen. Lyon, that no 
federal troops should be stationed in or allowed to pass through the 
state. This was refused; and the governor then immediately issued a 
formal call, June 12, for 50,000 state militia. About April 20th, nearly 
two months before this, the " state guards " had seized the United States 
arsenal at Liberty, in Clay county, and taken its stores and arms for 
their own use. This was several weeks before the celebrated "Camp 
Jackson" affair. The wager of battle was now fairly joined in Missouri 
between different parties of her own citizens, although volunteers from 
other states soon began to pour in. The following is a chronological list 
of the more important actions and events: 

April 12, iS6i. — Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter, which was 
yielded up and evacuated on the 14th. 

April /J. — President Lincoln's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volun- 
teers to sustain the government, and calling a special session of congress. 

SUCCEEDING EVENTS IN MISSOURI.f 

April ig. — Gov. Jackson wrote to David Walker, President of the 
Arkansas Convention, thus: "I have been from the beginning in favor of 
decided and prompt action on the part of the southern states, but the 
majority of the people of Missouri, up to the present time, have differed 
with me. " , 

April 20. — The U. S. arsenal, at Liberty, in Clay county, was seized 
and garrisoned by about a hundred "state guards," and the arms and 
cannon were distributed to their friends throughout the county, with the 
concurrence of the governor.;}: 

April 22. — Governor Jackson officially resented the president's call for 
troops, and called an extra session of the legislature, to arm and equip 
state troops. State militia ordered to go into encampment on May 3, for 
one week. 

* It is not the purpose of this history to give a detailed narrative of events of the war 
time; neither to discuss the right or the wrong of the views of either party in the conflict. 
We only give a brief mention of some of the most important incidents and leading actors, 
to show how and wherein the people of Missouri were themselves divided in opinion, 
what motives moved them, and what events stand out as of chief historic celebrity. 
Indeed, we would gladly skip this period of our state history entirely, if it were permissible 
in such a work. 

fThe events here given, in their chronological order, have been collated from more 
than thirty diflerent volumes containing difl'erent items or parts of Missouri's war history. 
The narratives, dates and statistics were found often conflicting; and we have endeavored 
to use those only which seemed to be the best authenticated, or the most probable under 
the circumstances — and to localize events as closely as possible by naming the towns, 
streams, counties, etc., where they occurred. 

JThe governor had already (April 20th) seized the United States arsenal at Liberty, and 
had dist'ributed among his friends the arms it contained. ^^— Draper's History of the Civil 
War, Vol. II, p. 228. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF- MISSOURI. 53 

Afril 2j, NigJit. — Capt. Lyon secretly removed the war stores in U. 
S. arsenal at St. Louis, by steamboat, over to Alton, Illinois. 

April 28. — Gov. Jackson wrote secretly to J. W. Tucker, Esq., of St. 
Louis: "I want a little time to arm the state, and I am assuming every 
responsibility to do it with all possible dispatch. * * * We should 
keep our own counsels. * * * Nothing should be said about the time 
or the manner in which Missouri should go out. That she ought to go, 
and will go at the proper time, I have no doubt. She ought to have 
gone last winter, when she could have seized the public arms and public 
property and defended herself. " * 

May J. — Legislature met. Governor Jackson denounced the presi- 
dent's call for troops as '■'■unconstitutional afid illegal.'''' Meanwhile Col. 
F. P. Blair, Jr., member of congress from the 1st district, of St. Louis, 
had enlisted one full regiment, and had four others in course of organiza- 
tion, within ten days from the issue of the president's call. 

May 10. — A body of " state guards," under command of Gen. D. M. 
Frost, acting under Governor Jackson's authority, had established a camp 
near St. Louis, called "Camp Jackson." Capt. Lyon, who had been 
since February in charge of the U. S. arsenal at St. Louis, with a few 
soldiers of the regular army (less than 500), discovered that the Camp 
Jackson men were receiving arms and ammunition by steamboats from 
the south, in boxes marked " marble. " Accordingly, on the morning of 
May 10th, he with his regulars, and Col. Blair with his Missouri volun- 
teers, surrounded, surprised and captured the camp, taking as prisoners 
of war 639 privates and 50 officers. The arms captured consisted of 20 
cannon, 1200 new rifles, several chests of muskets, and large quantities of 
shot, shell, cartridges, etc. 

May 12. — Gen. Wm. S. Harney took command of the Union forces in 
Missouri. Meanwhile the legislature had passed an act making every 
able-bodied man subject to military duty. All public revenues for 1860-61 
(about $3,000,000) were authorized to be used by the governor for military 
purposes. 

May 21. — Gen. Harney made a truce or compromise of peace with 
Gen. Price, commander of the state troops. 

yune I. — The president repudiated Gen. Harney's truce with Price; 
also removed him from his command and gave it to Gen. Lyon, who had 
on May ITth been appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. 

yH)ie ^. — Governor Jackson issued a circular claiming; the Harney- 
Price compact to be still in force. 

' yunc II. — Gen. Price and Gov. Jackson sought a "peace conference" 
with Gen. Lyon and Col. Blair. The governor stipulated as a vital con- 

*See official address of the state convention, issued to tlie people July 31, 1861. 



54 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

dition of peace, that no Federal troops should be stationed in or pass 
through Missouri. The proposition was rejected. 

yune 12. — Gasconade railroad bridge burnt; also, Osage river bridge; 
and telegraph lines cut that connected with St. Louis. 

June J J. — Governor Jackson issued a call for 50,000 state militia, to repel 
federal invasion; referred to the president as "the military despotism which 
has introduced itself at Washington;" and said to the people, " your first 
allegiance is due to your own state." He appointed ex-Governor Ster- 
ling Price as major general; and M. L. Clark, John B. Clark, Parsons, 
Slack, Harris, Rains, McBride, Stein and Jeff. Thomson, as brigadier- 
generals. The state militia were called to rendezvous at Boonville and 
Lexington. The governor and other officers left Jefferson City for Boon- 
ville this day,* while at the same time General Lyon was embarking with 
1,500 men at St. Louis, to take and hold the state capital. 

yune 15. — General Lyon arrived at Jefferson City. 

yune J 6. — Re-embarked his troops for Boonville. 

yime 17. — Battle of Boonville. Colonel Marmaduke defeated. State 
troops retreated to Warsaw, with loss of fifty killed. Federal loss, two 
killed. 

yune i8-ig. — Colonel O'Kane, with 350 state militia, surprised in the 
night, a half-formed Union regiment at Cole Camp, in Benton county, under 
Capt. Cook. Pollard's " Southern History " says, in this affair the Union- 
ists lost 206 killed, a large number wounded, and over 100 taken prison- 
ers, beside 362 muskets captured; O'Kane lost 15 killed and 20 wounded. 

yuly J. — Governor Jackson and General Price were at Montevallo, in 
Vernon county, with (Pollard says) 3,600 state troops. 

yiily 5-6. — Battle of Carthage (or Dry Fork), in Jasper county; union 
loss, 13 killed and 31 wounded; state troops, under Price and Jackson, 
lost about 300 killed and wounded. Gen. Seigel, the union commander, 
fell back sixty miles, to Springfield and joined Gen. Lyon. 

yuly 8. — A small fight occurred at Bird's Point, in Mississippi county. 
Confederates lost 3 killed and 8 wounded. Federal loss, if any, not reported. 

yuly 22. — The state convention, which had adjourned subject to the 
call of its committee on federal relations, re-convened at Jefierson City. 

ytily 25. — Maj. Gen. Fremont arrived at St. Louis, as commander of 
the western department, which comprised Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, 
Kansas, and the territories westward. 

yuly JO. — State convention, by a vote of 56 to 25, declared the state 
offices and seats in legislature vacant, by reason of their occupants being 
engaged in treasonable and armed hostilities against the lawfull}^ consti- 

" *The capture of Camp Jackson and the flight of the chief executive from the capita], 
was the occasion of a partial destruction of the Osage and Gasconade bridges [railroad], as 
well as those over Gray's creek, west of Jefferson City." — Anmial report of state commis- 
sioner of statistics, 18G6, p. 255. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 55 

tuted federal authorities, and that all legislative and executive acts in pur 
suance of such treason or armed hostility, pretended to be done in the 
name and by authority of the state of Missouri, were null and void. 
They elected to fill the state office vacancies, H. R. Gamble, governor; 
W. P. Hall, lieutenant governor; Mordecai Oliver, secretary of state; 
and appointed the first Monday of November as a day of general election. 

'July J I. — Lieut. Governor Reynolds, whose office had been declared 
vacant by the state convention, issued a proclamation, dated at New Mad- 
rid, July 31, in which he said: "I return to the state, to accompany in 
my official capacity, one of the armies which the warrior statesman [Jef- 
ferson Davis], whose genius now presides over the affairs of our half of 
the Union, has prepared to advance against the common foe. -x- * * 
You behold the most warlike population on the globe, the people of the 
lower Mississippi valley, about to rush with their gleaming bowie-knives 
and unerring rifles, to aid us in driving out the abolitionists and their Hes- 
sion allies. * * The road to peace and internal security is only 
through union with the south. * * Rally to the stars and bars, 

in union with the glorious ensign of the grizzly bear."* 

August 2. — Battle of Dug Springs, in Lawrence county. General 
McCulloch, of Arkansas, in command of Confederates, marching to 
attack Springfield, was checked, and fell back to Sarcoxie; loss, 40 killed, 
44 wounded. General Lyon fell back to Springfield; loss, 8 killed, 30 
wounded. 

August ^. — Confederate troops under Col. Martin E. Green, attacked 
Missouri state militia, under Col. Moore, at Athens, in Clark county, and 
were defeated with a loss of 43 killed. 

August 6. — Governor Jackson, being now at Carthage, and just hear- 
ing of the action of the state convention, also issued a proclamation, de- 
claring the union between Missouri and the other states totally dissolved, 
and proclaiming the state of Missouri to be " a sovereign^ free and inde- 
pendent republic.''^ 

August 10. — Battle of Wilson's Creek. Gen. Lyon, Federal, had 
5,500 infantry, 400 cavalry, and 18 cannon. Gen. McCulloch, Confeder- 
ate, says that his "eflective force was 5,300 infantry, 15 pieces of artillery, 
and 6,000 horsemen." (The Union officers imagined and reported more 
than double this number against them; one said 23,000, and another 
24,000.) The Confederates lost 421 killed, 1,31T wounded and 30 mis- 
sing. The Federals reported 223 killed, 721 wounded and 292 missing, 
and 5 cannon lost. Gen. Lyon was killed in this engagement. 

August i^. — Federals evacuated Springfield and retreated to Rolla, but 

*Early in March the confederate congress had adopted the " stars and bars " as the flag 
of their confederacy. The state seal of Missouri has two grizzly bears among its emblems. 



56 HISTORY Ol THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

were not pursued. Earthwork fortifications were this day commenced 
around St. Louis. 

Aiigtcst ji. — Gen. Fremont issued a general order proclaiming martial 
law in Missouri; the property of all persons who had taken up arms 
against the United States was declared to be confiscated, and " their 
slaves to be free menT (President Lincoln at once annulled this last 
clause.) 

Se-ptember ij. — Siege of Lexington commenced by Gen. Price. His 
force has been variously estimated from 22,000 to 28,000, with 13 cannon. 
Col. Mulhgan, Federal, had 2,780 troops, with six brass cannon, 
two howitzers, and forty rounds of ammunition. The same day, at 
Boonville, the Confederates, led by Col. Brown, attacked the Federal gar- 
rison in command of Col. Eppstein, and were repulsed with a loss of 12 
killed and 30 wounded; Federal loss, 1 killed and 4 wounded. 

Se-ptember ij. — Battle of Blue Mills Landing, or Missouri Bottom, in 
Clay county. A body of Confederates, variously estimated at 600 to 1,000 
men, were on their way to join Gen. Price, at Lexington; and being pur- 
sued by a body of 700 Iowa and Missouri Unionist volunteers, they laid 
in ambush, and were attacked. The Federals lost 16 killed and 80 
wounded; the Confederates lost 10 killed and 60 wounded, repulsed their 
assailants, and then crossed over to Blue Mills, in Jackson county, on the 
south side of the Missouri, and marched on to Lexington. 

September i8-ig. — Main battle of Lexington. 

September 20. — Col. Mulligan surrendered. Gen. Price honorably rec- 
ognized the pluck and splendid heroism of his opponents, who were out 
of both provisions and ammunition, and for two days had had no water 
except the night dews which settled in their blankets and was wrung out 
into camp dishes in the morning. He released the privates on parole, but 
retained the officers as prisoners. Of the Federals there were 42 killed 
and 108 wounded. Gen. Price reported 25 killed and 72 wounded, from 
his regular muster rolls. But nearly half the men there with him were 
not formally enrolled as soldiers, and the losses among them could never 
be ascertained with any certainty, though known to be pretty large. 

September 21. — A fight occurred at Papinsville, in Bates county, in 
which, as reported, 17 Unionists were killed, and 40 Confederates killed 
and 100 captured. 

September 2j. — Gen. Fremont left St. Louis for Jefferson City, in pur- 
suit of Price, with an army of 15,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and %^ 
pieces of artillery; his chief ofiicers were Generals Hunter, Pope, Siegel, 
McKinstr\' and Asboth. But Price was too good a general to be caught 
at a disadvantage; he however skillfull}'- managed to lead the Federals on 
wild go<^e chases after him all over southern Missouri. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 57 

October ij. — Secretary of War Cameron, and Adj't. Gen. Thomas, 

visited Fremont at Tipton. 

On the same day the Federal garrison at Lebanon, in LaClede county, 

was attacked unsuccessfully by Confederates, who lost 27 killed, 12 

wounded, and 36 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 1 killed and several 

wounded. 

October i^. — On this day Fremont's army reported thus : ■ 

1st division, Gen. Hunter, at Tipton 9,750 men 

'2d " Gen Pope, at Georcretown 9,220 men 

3d " Gen. Siegel, at Sedalia 7,980 men 

4th " Gen. Asboth, at Tipton 6,451 men 

5th " Gen. McKinstry, at Syracuse 5,388 men 

Total .38,789 men 

They were all hunting for Gen. Price, to give him battle; he was not 
yet ready for a pitched battle, but he worried the Federals a great deal by 
decoying them into many a long and fruitless march. 

About this time several small fights occurred in different parts of the 
state, but of which few particulars can be obtained. The " American 
Annual Cyclopedia," for 1861, gives the following statistics: Oct. 15, 
Big River bridge, Federal loss, 1 killed, 7 wounded, 52 missing; Confed- 
erate loss, 20 killed, 4 wounded. October 16, Bolivar Heights [in Polk 
county], Federal loss, 7 killed; Confederate loss, 150 killed. Oct. 17, 
Pilot Knob, Federal loss, 1 killed, 10 wounded; Confederate loss, 36 
killed. Oct. 19, Big Harrison Creek, Federal loss, 2 killed, 14 wounded; 
Confederate loss, 14 killed, 8 missing. Oct. 23, West Liberty [in Putnam 
county]. Federal loss, 2 wounded; Confederate loss, 15 killed, 30 wounded.* 

October i6. — Recapture of Lexington by Major White, releasing Union 
prisoners, including two colonels of Mulligan's brigade. 

October 21. — Battle of Fredericktown, in Madison county. Confeder- 
ate Col. Jeff Thompson was defeated with loss of 200 killed, and made a 
hasty retreat, leaving 60 of his dead behind him. Federal loss, 30 killed. 

October 2^1.. — Battle of Springfield. Major Zagonyi, with 300 cavalry, 
known as " Fremont's Body Guard, " attacked an irregular force estima- 
ted at 1,200 foot and 400 horsemen, and defeated them, losing 84 of his 
men killed or wounded; 100 of his troops were Kentuckians. The Con- 
federate loss was known to be considerable, but could never be fully ascer- 
tained; their dead were buried the next day, under a flag of truce. 

October 27. — Gen. Siegel reached Springfield with his division. Fre- 
mont was concentrating his army at Springfield, to fortify and hold it as 

*In the greater number of battles in this state the Federals had the advantage of more 
artillery thau the Confederates, and men better skilled in its use; and this is why the 
losses on the Confederate side so often seem out of proportion. ^ 

3 



58 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

the key to southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas, where Price 
and McCulloch were operating. 

JVoTetnber 2. — Fremont was removed from command and Gen. Hunter 
placed in his stead. 

November 2. — A sharp fight occurred on Bee Creek, between Weston 
and Platte City, in Platte county; the Confederate loss is given as 13 killed 
and 30 missing; Federal loss not known. 

November 7. — Gen. Hunter evacuated Springfield and fell back to Rolia. 
This same da}' the battle of Belmont occurred; Federal loss, 84 killed,. 
388 wounded, and 285 taken prisoners. Pollard's "Southern History" 
says the Confederate loss in this battle was 632. But the National Hand- 
Book reports the Confederate losses as 261 killed, 427 wounded, and 278 
missing. 

November 18. — Gen. H. W. Halleck arrived at St. Louis and took com- 
mand, in place of Gen. Hunter. 

November 21. — Gen. Halleck issued an order that no fugitive slaves should, 
be permitted to enter the lines of any camp, nor of any forces on the march. 
(President Lincoln had some time before this annulled Gen. Fremont's 
order declaring certain slaves free.) 

November 2j. — Gen. J. M. Schofield placed in command of Missouri 
Federal troops. 

November and December. — During these months there occurred several 
irregular conflicts of no great importance, but still deemed worthy of cas- 
ual mention in Horace Greely's History of the War, because they served 
to show how the Missouri people were divided among themselves, and 
thereby suflfered the more. The village of Warsaw was burned Nov. 19, 
and Platte City, Dec. 16, by guerillas; a small fight occurred at Salem 
Dec. 3, at Rogers' mill Dec. 7, and at or near Glasgow, Potosi, Lexing- 
ton, Mount Zion, and Sturgeon, on Dec. 28th. 

December j. — Col. Freeman with a regiment of Confederate cavalry,, 
made a night attack on Federal troops under Col. Bowen, near Salem, in 
Dent county, and was defeated, with a loss of 16 killed, 20 wounded and 
10 prisoners. Federal loss, 3 killed, 8 wounded, 2 missing. Col. Free- 
man had suffered a sore defeat near Springer's mill, in the east part of 
the county, in August; but no further particulars could be obtained. 

December 75. — Gen. Pope captured 300 recruits and 70 wagons loaded 
with supplies, going from Lexington to join Gen. Price, who was then at 
Osceola with 8,000 men. 

December 18. — Col. J. C. Davis, of Pope's army, surprised a Confeder- 
ate camp at Milford, and captured 3 colonels, 17 captains, 1,300 soldiers, 
1,000 s^^nd of arms, 1,000 horses, besides all their tents, baggage and 
supplies. Federal loss, 2 killed, 17 wounded. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 59 

December 20. — By a concerted night attack, the Hannibal & St. Joe 
railroad was broken, and bridges destroyed for about a hundred miles.* 

OPERATIONS IN 1862. 

March J. — Price and McCulloch, at Boston Mountain, Arkansas, were 
joined by Maj. Gen. Van Dorn, Confederate commander of the Trans- 
Mississippi department, and by Gen. Pike, with a brigade of Indians from 
the Indian Territory. This army now numbered about 20,000, all under 
Gen. Van Dorn. 

March y-8. — Battle of Pea Ridge. Although Pea Ridge is really in 
Arkansas (just over the line), the battle was fought by the Confederates 
to regain a foothold in Missouri, and it properly belongs to the history of 
Missouri military operations. The Federal forces under Gen. Curtis 
engaged in this battle were 10,.500 men and 49 cannon. Gen. Van Dorn's 
army is variously given by different southern authorities, all the way 
from 16,000 to 30,000. The Federal loss was 203 killed, 972 wounded, 176 
missing. Count Paris' history states that the Confederates "left more 
than one thousand men in killed and wounded upon that long-contested 
battle-field." The Confederate Generals McCulloch and Mcintosh were 
mortally wounded in this battle, and Gen. Buckner was captured. The 
Confederates lost 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, and 1,600 taken prisoners. 

August (5.— Battle of Kirksville. Col. Porter, with 2,000 or 3,000 Con- 
federates, mostly raw recruits who had been destroying bridges, was 
attacked by Col. McNeil with 1,000 cavalry and 6 cannon. Battle lasted 
four hours. Confederates retreated, with loss of 180 killed and 500 
wounded, and some wagon loads of arms and other supplies. Federal 
loss, 28 killed and 60 wounded. 

August 10. — Federals attacked 1,200 Confederates under Col. Poindex- 
ter while crossing the Chariton river. After a running fight of three or 
four da3's. Col. Poindexter's troops were all killed, captured or dispersed, 
and himself taken prisoner. 

August II. — Col. Hughes captured the Federal garrison of 312 men of 
the 7th Missouri cavalry, stationed at Independence. 

August ij. — Battle of Lone Jack, in Jackson county. Col. Coftey and 
Col. Hughes, with 4,500 men, attacked the Federals under Major Foster, 
wounding him, capturing his two cannon, and compelling him to retreat 
to Lexington. The victorious Confederates were in turn pursued by 

"*By order of Gen. Sterling Price, it [the North ^Missouri Railroad] was partially- 
destroyed in June and July, 1861 ; and on the 20th of December, 1861, for a hundred miles, 
every bridge and culvert was broken down, and a perfect wreck made of everything that 
could be destroyed. In September and October, 1864, two trains of cars and seven depots 
were burned, and several engines injured." — Annual Report State Commissioner^f Statis- 
tics, 1866 ; p. 258. 



60 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Stronger bodies of the National troops, and rapidly retreated toward 
Arkansas. 

September 2^. — Gen. Curtis placed in command of all Union troops in 
Missouri. 

October i. — Battle of Newtonia, in Newton county. Gen. Salomon, of 
Wisconsin, was defeated by Confederate cavalry. Losses not known. 
Gen. Hindman was advancing from Arkansas with 13,000 to 20,000 Con- 
federates, poorly armed. Gen. Schofield came up with 10,000 troops to 
attack him at Newtonia, but he retreated back into Arkansas, closely 
pursued b}- the Federals. 

December 7. — Battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. This, being just over the 
line, was practically a Missouri battle; it was fought between the same 
armies which had been so long contending for the mastery in this state. 
Our own state Generals, Marmaduke, Parsons and Frost, were in com- 
mand, under Gen. Hindman. The Federal commanders were Generals 
Blunt and Herron. Federal loss, 495 killed, 600 wounded; the Confeder- 
ates lost 1,500 in killed and wounded, and suffered a defeat. 

EVENTS IN 1863. 

'January 8. — Battle of Springfield. General Brown with 1,200 Mis- 
souri State militia, was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 1,870 Confed- 
erate troops. The battle lasted eight hours. Federal loss, 14 killed, 145 
wounded, 5 missing. Confederates lost, 41 killed and 160 wounded, 80 
of the latter being left as prisoners. 

'January ii. — Battle of Hartsville. Firmg commenced at 11a. m., and 
continued until 4:30 p. m. Confederates under Generals Marmaduke and 
Porter lost 300 killed and wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. Among the 
killed were Gen. McDonald and Col. Porter, besides six other officers. The 
Federals were under Col. Samuel Merrill, (afterward Governor of Iowa), 
and lost 7 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. The Confederates retreated 
back into Arkansas. 

March 28. — Steamboat " Sam. Gaty " captured by Confederates at 
Sibley's landing, near Independence. 

April 26. — The Federal garrison at Cape Girardeau under Gen. Mc- 
Neil was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 10,000 men, and a battle of 
five hours ensued, in which the assailants lost 60 killed and over 300 
wounded. They retreated back into Arkansas, being pursued to the state 
line by Missouri militia, and a few more were killed or captured. 

Alay ij. — Gen. Schofield was placed in command in Missouri, succeed- 
ing Gen. Curtis. 

August IJ. — Col. Coffey, Confederate, attacked the 6th Missouri cav- 
ahy under Col. Catherwood, at Pineville, in McDonald county, and was 



! 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 61 

repulsed, with loss of 200 killed, wounded and prisoners, besides his 
wa<rons, munitions and cattle. 

October I J. — Battle near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Confederates 
reported 2,500 in number, under Cols. Shelby and Coffey, were attacked 
by Missouri state militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, and defeated with a 
loss of 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides all their artillery and 
baggage. Fight lasted five hours. Federal loss not known, though 
reported as " also large." 

EVENTS IN 1864. 

yanuary 28. — Gen. Rosecrans arrived at St. Louis and took command 
of the Department of Missouri. 

yune — .The Belgian Consul, who was state commander of the secret 
order of " American Knights, " or " Sons of Liberty, " was arrested, with 
forty of the most prominent members, and held as hostages, because proof 
had been discovered that they were plotting against the Federal authori- 
ties. 

Sc-ptcmbcr 26. — Gen. Price, with 10,000 men, attacked the Federal gar- 
rison at Ironton (near Pilot Knob\ in command of Gen. Thomas Ewing, 
jr., with 1,200 men. After a day's hard fighting the Federals spiked their 
fort guns and retreated in the night to Rolla, having lost 200 killed and 
wounded. The Confederates lost 1,500. 

October 7. — Battle or skirmish of Moreau creek, in Cole county, which 
Gen. Price crossed, and formed his army in line of battle about four miles 
long around Jefferson City. But finding the Federal garrison intrenched, 
he marched on west without attacking them. (The Federals had 6,700 
men there). 

October 22. — Gen. Pleasanton's Federal cavalry defeated Col. Fagan at 
Independence, capturing two cannon. 

October 23. — Battle on the Big Blue creek, in Jackson county, lasting 
from 7 A. M., till 1 p. m. Confederates retreated southward. 

October 25. — Battle on little Osage Creek in Vernon county. Gen. 
Price was defeated, the Federals under Gen. Pleasonton capturing eight 
cannon, and Generals Marmaduke and Cabell, besides live colonels and 
1,000 men, with all equipments, supplies, etc. The fighting had been 
almost continuous by some part of the troops, all along the march from 
Independence to the Little Osage; and reports at this point give the Fed- 
eral loss at 1,000 killed and wounded, and about 2,000 taken prisoners; 
Confederate loss, 900 killed, 3,800 wounded and prisoners, and ten cannon 
captured from them. 

October 28. — Gen. Price again made a stand at Newtonia, in Newton 
county, and had a sharp fight with the Federals under Gens. Blunt and San- 
born, but was defeated and escaped into Arkansas. And this was the 



6"2 HISTOR-i' OF THE €TATE OF MISSOURI. 

last encounter that can be called a "battle" within the bounds of our state. 
The numbers engaged on either side, and their losses in this last fight are 
not feported, 

MEN AND MONEY FOR THE WAR 

Under President Lincoln's first call, April 15, 1861, for 75,000 volun- 
teers, Missouri furnished 10,501 men; and she furnished a total of 108,773 
Federal or Union soldiers during the war. The total number of citizens 
of Missouri who took up arms on the Confederate side cannot be ascer- 
tained. 

During the war the state issued its indebtedness called "Defense War- 
rants" and "Union Military Bonds," for equipping and maintaining the 
militia organizations of the state; the total amount was $7,876,575. All 
of the defense warrants and one-half of the Union military bonds were 
made receivable for state taxes; and a special fimd was created for the 
redemption of the balance. The United States paid to the state of Mis- 
souri a total of $6,440,323.95, to reimburse her for military expenses 
incurred. 

ST. LOUIS IN THE WAR-TIME. 

Notwithstanding the strenuous competition of other cities, the superior 
advantages of St. Louis for distribution, and a due regard for its own 
interests, compelled the government to make St. Louis the western base 
of supplies and transportation. During the war the transactions of the 
government at this point were very large. Gen. Parsons, chief of trans- 
portation in the Mississippi Valley, submits the following as an approxi- 
mate summary of the operations in his department from 1860 to 1865: 

AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTATION. 

Cannons and caissons 800 

Wagons 13,000 

Cattle 80,000 

Horses and mules 25< ),000 

Troops 1,000,000 

Pounds of military stores 1,950,000,000 

Gen. Parsons thinks that full one-half of all the transportation employed 
by the government on the Mississippi and its tributaries was furnished by 
St. Louis. From September, 1861, to December 31, 1865, Gen. Haines, 
chief commissary of this department, expended at St. Louis for the pur- 
chase of subsistence stores, $50,700,000. And Gen. Myers, chief quar- 
termaster of the department, disbursed for supplies, transportation, and 
incidental expenses, $180,000,000. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 63 

HOSPITAL SERVICE. 

As a part of the war history of Missouri, the militar}^ hospitals of St. 
Louis claim at least a brief mention. After the battle of Wilson's Creek 
it became apparent that the government provision for hospitals was 
entirely inadequate to the emergency. A voluntary organization, called 
the Western Sanitary Commission, was formed, consistmg of James E. 
Yeatman (now of the Merchant's National Bank), Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, D. 
D., (now Chancellor of Washington University), George Partridge, 
(recently Vice President of Trustees of State Blind Asylum), Carlos S. 
Greeley and John B. Johnson. Their purpose was to receive and distrib- 
ute hospital supplies furnished by the people, and in every practicable way 
aid and co-operate with the military authorities in the care of the sick and 
wounded. The first woman regularly mustered into the United States 
service as a hospital nurse, in Missouri, w^as Mrs. F. R. H. Reid, M. D., 
from Wisconsin, (now resides at Des Moines, Iowa). She was the 
woman coadjutor of U. S. Surgeon, Dr. Mills, in opening and starting the 
first large volunteer hospital, which was known as the Chestnut street 
hospital; and afterward she took the same part in the Fourth street hos- 
pital; and also with Dr. Melchior in the Marine hospital; also in a tem- 
porar}' post hospital at Sulphur Springs. 

To give an idea of the largeness of the hospital work, we quote from a 
circular printed at St. Louis, Nov. 22, 1861,* which says: "There are 
ten military hospitals in St. Louis alone, with a maximum capacity for 
3,500 patients. The number of patients varies every da}^, but on Wednes- 
day, November 20th, they reported patients under treatment as follows: 

House of Refuge hospital, [Sisters of Charity nurses] 475 

Fifth and Chestnut streets hospital, 464 

Good Samaritan hospital, [for measles,] 173 

Fourth street hospital, 328 

Jefferson barracks hospital 72 

Arsenal hospital, 16 

Camp Benton hospital, 106 

Pacific hospital, [depot for the hospital cars] 30 

Duncan's Island hospital, [for small-pox: cases all convalescent,] .... 4 

Convalescent barracks, [known as Camp Benton,] 800 

Total, 2,468 

" ( This does not include the company, regiment and brigade hospitals, 
of which there are several.) The average mortality has been about four 
per cent. A hospital car, properly fitted up and manned, passes daily 
over the railroad to the interior, to bring in the sick and wounded. The 
arrangements for decent burial, registration of deaths, identification, etc., 

♦Prepared and published by H. A. Reid, Associate Member for "Wisconsin of the U. S. 
Sanitary Commission. 



64 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

are very complete. The body of any soldier who may die in any of the 
hospitals may be identified, and removed for other obsequies or burial by 
relatives or friends. There are no hospital chaplains; but nurses are in- 
structed by the sanitary commission, that every patient who asks for it, 
will be visited by a clergyman of his own choice, at any hour." 

There were hospitals also at Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton at this 
time. This circular contained a classified list, prepared by Mrs. Reid, of 
over a hundred different articles needed for the care, comfort and welfare 
of the soldiers in hospital, beyond what the general government could 
furnish; the whole document was reprinted by state authority at Madison^ 
Wisconsin, and widely circulated. In a letter dated St. Louis, Jan. 14, 
1862, Mr. Yeatman said: "Wisconsin has contributed most largely to- 
wards supplying comforts for the sick in camps and hospitals in this 
department, second to but one other state — Massachusetts. " 

There was a prison hospital for sick Confederate prisoners, to whom 
supplies were furnished from the stores of the sanitary commission, the 
same as to the Union soldiers; and wounded Confederates were cared for 
in the general hospitals the same as those of the Federal troops. The 
writer hereof was an eye-witness to this fact; and is glad to record it as a 
testimony of the true Christian spirit of the sanitary commission and the 
magnanimity of the Federal authorities. 

THE WAR-TIME STATE GOVERNMENT. 

The civil authority of the state remained vested in the state conven- 
tion from July, 1861, until July, 1863. This provisional body held the 
following sessions: 

1861— Jefl:erson City, February 28 to March 4.. 
St. Louis, March 6 to March 22. 
Jefferson City, July 22 to July 31. 
St. Louis, October 10 to October 18. 

1862— Jeflferson City, June 2 to June 14. 

1863 — Jefferson City, June 1.5 to July 1, when it adjourned sine die. 

The course of affairs had now become so far settled and pacified that 
civil proceedings were again possible, and the regular fall elections were 
held this year, 1863. On the 13th of Februar}^, 1864, the general assem- 
bly convened, and passed an act to authorize the election of sixty-six 
members to a state convention, "to consider such amendments to the con- 
stitution of the state as might by it be deemed necessar}^ for the emanci- 
pation of slaves;* to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal 
citizens, and for the promotion of the public good." 

This convention met in St. Louis, January 6, 1865; and on the 11th of 

* President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, January 1, 18G3, only applied to slaves 
within such states or parts of states as were then cnntr(>llcd by the Confederate power. 



HISTORY OF THE STATK OF MISSOURI. 65 

the same month it passed, by a vote of sixty ayes to four noes, an ordi- 
nance emancipating all slaves within the state, and providing that it 
should take efiect immediately. The conventi,on also framed a new con- 
stitution, in many respects quite different from the old one. The final 
vote in convention on the new instrument stood thirty-eight for, to thirteen 
against it. The convention adjourned April 10, sine die. In June the 
people voted on the new constitution, and the vote stood 43,670 for, to 
41,808 against it. 

The following are some of the most notable new features embodied in 
the organic law of the state, and will readily explain why there was such 
a large vote against its adoption: It established an oath of loyalty to the 
United States ; and those who would not take the oath it excluded from 
the right to vote or hold any civil office whatever, or act as a teacher in 
any public school, or to solemnize marriage as a clergyman, or to practice 
law in any of the courts. It limited the amount of land which any church 
or religious society might hold to five acres of land in the country, or one 
acre in town or city; provided for taxing church property; and declared 
void any will bequeathing property to any clergyman, religious teacher 
or religious society as such. There was a section designed to prevent 
the state from giving public property, lands or bonds, to railroad compa- 
nies. It provided that after January 1, 1876, no one could become a law- 
ful voter who was not sufficiently educated to be able to read and write. 

July 1, 1865, the governor, Thomas C. Fletcher, made proclamation 
that the new constitution had been duly ratified by a lawful majority of 
the people, and was thenceforth the organic law of the slate. A few 
amendments have been since adopted; but in all important points it 
remains the same to this day. 




66 HISTORV OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



PART II.— PHYSICAL AND INDUSTRIAL. 



GEOLOGY AND MINERALS. 

The geological history of Missouri commences at the very bottom of 
the scale, or, in what may be termed the fire-crust period of geologic 
time. (See chart on page 67). Dana's "Manual of Geology" is the 
great standard work all over the United States on this subject. In his 
chapter on Archgean Time he gives a map and brief sketch of our North 
American continent as it existed at that remote period, which was, 
according to a calculation made for the Royal Society of London in 1879,* 
about 600,000,000 years ago. And as this is where Missouri first comes 
to light, we quote Prof. Dana's account of the very meagre areas and 
points of our continent which stood alone above the primeval ocean that 
then enveloped the entire globe with its bubbling, seething, sputtering 
wavelets — an enormous caldron of boiling, steaming silicious Ij'-e, rather 
than water. Dana says: ' 

" The principal of the areas is The Great Northern^ nucleal to the con- 
tinent, lying mostly in British America, and having the shape of the letter 
V, one arm reaching northeastward to Labrador, and the other north- 
westward from Lake Superior to the Arctic. The region appears to 
have been for the most part out of water ever since the Archaean era.f 
To this area properly belong the Adirondack area, covering the larger 
part of northern New York, and a Michigan area south of Lake Supe- 
rior, each of which was probably an island in the continental sea before 
the Silurian age began. 

" Beside this nucleal area, there are border-mountain lines of Archaean 
rocks: a long Affalachian line, including the Highland Ridge of Dutch- 
ess county. New York, and New Jersey, and the Blue Ridge of Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia; a long Rocky Mountain series, embracing the 
Wind River mountains, the Laramie range and other summit ridges of 
the Rocky Mountains. In addition, in the eastern border region, there is 
an Atlantic coast range, consisting of areas in New Foundland, Nova 
Scotia and eastern New England. In the western border region, a 
Pacific coast range in Mexico; and several more or less isolated areas in 
the Mississippi basin, west of the Mississippi, as in Missouri, Arkansas, 
Texas, and the Black Hills of Dakota." — Dana's Manual, p. 150. 

*See Popular Science Monthly, May, 1879, p. 137. 

fThe "Archaean era," as used by Prof. Dana, in 1874, (the date of his latest revision) 
included both the "Azoic Age," and "Age of Zooliths," as shown on the chart, p. 6T. Whea 
Prof. Dana wrote, it was still an open question whether the "eozoon" was of animal or 
mineral origin; but the highest authorities are now agreed that it was animal; and Prof. 
Reid has, therefore, very properly given it a distinct place in his " Zoic Calendar." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



67 



Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled 
ttom the works of Agaeeiz, Lyell, Huxley, Haeckel, Dana, LeConte, and other first rank authorities in 
Science at the present time. By Hiram A. Rbid, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Dcs Moines, 
Iowa [Published by permission of the Author.] 



Explanation. — The side line 
at the left shows what portions of 
geological time are comprehended 
in the terms "eozoic," " paleo- 
zoic," etc . The first column 
shows the periods or "Ages" of 
geological time during which the 
difi'erent successive types of ani- 
mal life predominated, or were the 
highest types then in existence. 
And these two divisions form the 
"Zoic Calendar of Creation." 

The second column shows the 
great general groupings of rock 
strata.in which are found the fossil 
remains of the corresponding ani- 
mal types named in the first col- 
umn. But, at tne "Age of Rep- 
tiles" occurs a grand divergement, 
for it was during this age that an- 
imal life pushed out into its most 
Avonderful developments ; and 
there came into existence strange 
and marvelous forms of swimming 
reptiles, four-footed and two-foot- 
ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- 
ed and four-footed flying reptiles. 
Here also the true birds began to 
appear, though with reptilian pe- 
culiarities; and likewise the mar- 
supial animals, which are a tran- 
sitional type, between reptiles 
that produce their youug by laying 
eggs and the true mammals, that 
bring forth their young well ma- 
tured and then suckle them. 

The third cohinin shows the les- 
ser groupings of rock beds as clas- 
sified by our Americau geologists; 
but many minor subdivisions and 
local groups are omitted for want 
of space. At the top of this col- 
nmn are shown the geological pe- 
riods of first appearance of races 
of man, so far as now authentica- 
ted by competent scientific au- 
thorities.* 

The fourth column shows the 
number of feet in thickness of the 
different groups of rock layers as 
indicated by the braces. 

This Chart is the most compre- 
hensive and thorough in its de- 
tails, and yet the most systemati- 
cally and graphically presented to 
the eye, of anything in its Hue 
that has ever yet been published. 
Here is the whole story of geol- 
ogy and the ascent of life con- 
densed into the space of a few 
inches, yet so plainly set forth as 
to readily fix itself in the memory 
like an outline map. Scientific 
terms in newspapers and maga- 
zines often catch the reader at a 
disadvantage; but a reference to 
this chart will at once show the 
relative place or period in crea- 
tional progress to which the best 
authorized geological terms apply. 
It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, 
from the lowest inklings to the 
highest ideals of life on the earth, 
as taught by modern science and 
the Christian Bible. 



THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD. 



AGE OF ANGELS. 



See Psalms 8:5 Luke 20:36 
Mark 1'2:25 1 Cor.l5:44 
Heb.2:2to9 ReT.22;8,9 



MAN. 



Age OF 



MAMMALS 



Age OF 



Reptiles. 



Age of 
Amphibians, 



Age OF 
FISHES 



AGE 



OF 



INVERTEBRATES 



Recent. 



Quaternary. 



TERTIARY. 



'Terrace .Epoch. 



Champlain Epoch. 



GLACIAL EPOCH. 



Feet in 
thickness 
o f t h e 
geological 
group* of 
rock form- 
ations. 



Pliocene. 



Miocene. 



«~1 

1} 
£1 



500 



8,000 



Eocene, 




Cretaceous, i- 9,000 



JURASSIC. 



800 to 
1,000 



TRIASSIC. 



U,ooo to 

j 5,000 



CarBONIFEROU; 



Devonian. 



Upper Silurian. 



Lower Silurian, 



AGE OF ZOOLITHS 

This Age alone was 
probably loncrer in dura- 
tion than all subsequent 
Kcolo^ical time." — Peof. 
LeCONTE. 



Primordial Vegetation 



Graphite Beds. 



I 



PERMIAN. 



Coal 

16,000 to 

Measures, i i^-^to 



Sub-Carboniferous, i 



Catskill. 



Chemung-. 



Hamilton. 



. I 9,050 to 
r 14,400 



Corniferous. 



Salii 



Niagara. 



Trenton. 



I 6,000 to 
{ 10,000 



12,000to 
15,000 



Cambriaij . 



Metamorphic Granites. 



J 

ilO.OOOto 
\ 20,000 

j- 30,000 

\ Unstrati- 



FIRE CRUST. 



1 



' fied. 



AZOIC AGE. 



Convriehl 1879::H.A.Rei(ll 



O f 350,000.000 years in cooling I 
Q- don-n to 200" F. at the suf- V Depth 

— I face [Prof. Hklmholtz], a f unknown. 

I temperature at which very 1 
low forms of vegetation can ' 
[exist. J 



*" The existence of PI 
Series, Vol. XXVII, p. 151 



WincheU's "Pre-Adamites," pp. 426-7-^8 . " The h 
Pliocene."— Prof. J, D.Whitney. Similar views ar« h 



man in Tuscany 13, t'l?a, in mv opinio, ..__ _ _ 

The Miocene man of La Beauce already know tiie ose of fire, and worked flint' 



^nired scientific fact.'' — Sae Appletons' International Scientific 

tne nse of tire, and worked flint." — \h, p. 1'43. See also, Prof. 

America is shown to l)e at lea^it of as ancient a date as that of the European 



ar« held by Profs. Leidy, Marsh, Cope, Morse, Wyman, and other scienti'^ts of highest repute. 



68 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Thus, then, with the very first emergence of dry land out of the heav- ' 
ily saturated and steaming mineral waters of the primeval ocean, we have 
Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and a few smaller peaks in their vicin- 
ity, forming an island in the vast expanse. The next nearest island was 
a similar one at the Black Hills, in Dakota. There is no reason as yet 
known fc)r believing that any form .of life, either animal or vegetable, had 
yet appeared in our Missouri region. The ocean water was still too hot, 
and still too powerfully surcharged with mineral salts, alkalis and acids 
to admit of any living tissues being formed; and the atmosphere was in 
like manner thickly loaded with deadliest acids in the form of vapors, 
which would partially condense as they arose, and fall upon the iron- 
headed islands to form a mineral crust, and then be broken and washed 
back into the sea. But this process being kept up and incessantly 
repeated for milHons of years (see Prof. Helmholtz's estimate at bottom 
of the chart), both sea and air became gradually purified of its excess of 
minerals and acids; and the water sufficiently cooled to admit of living 
tissues being formed; and meanwhile the condensing and crust-forming 
elements precipitated from the vapor-laden air or deposited directly from 
the bulk waters of the shoreless sea, were busily forming the solid earth. 
The different incrustations would each be a little different in their com- 
ponent elements; and then being broken up and mixed together and 
recombined, partly in the form of rough fragments, partly in the form of 
dust or sand ground into this state by mechanical attrition, partly in the 
form of fluidized or vaporized solutions, and partly in the form of molten 
masses produced directly by the earth's internal fires, the process of com- 
bining and recombining, with continual variation in the proportions, went 
on through the long, dreary, sunless and lifeless Azoic Age. 

But as soon as the great ocean caldron got cooled down to about 200 
degrees Fahrenheit, it was then possible for a very low form of vegetation 
to exist; and although no fossil remains of the first existing forms of such 
vegetation have yet been found, or at least not conclusively identified as 
such, yet graphite or plumbago, the material from which our lead pencils 
are made, is found in connection with the transition rocks between the 
Azoic and the Zoolithian ages. Graphite is not a mineral at all, but is 
pure vegetable carbon, and is supposed to be the remnant carbon of these 
first and lowest forms of tough, leathery, flowerless sea-weeds. Some 
small deposits of graphite are reported to have been found in connection 
with the iron and metamorphic granites of our Pilot Knob island; and 
that would indicate the first organic forms that came into existence within 
the boundaries of what now we call the state of Missouri. Just think of 
it! All North America, except a dozen widely scattered spots or islands, 
was covered with an ocean that spread its seamy expanse all around 
the globe ; no sunlight could penetrate the thick, dense cloud of vapors 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 69 

that filled the enveloping atmosphere ; according to our English author 
before cited, this was 600,000,000 years ago, a period which the humaii 
mind cannot grasp; but the Almighty Maker of worlds had even then 
commenced to make the state of Missouri and its living occupants. 

The earliest known forms of animal life, a kind of coral-making rhizo- 
pod (root-footed) called Eozoon Canadense^ are not found in Missouri, but 
are found abupdantly in what are called the Laurentian rocks, in Canada 
and elsewhere. (See chart). It is not to be supposed, however, that the 
enormous period called the " Age of Zooliths " passed, with forms of ani- 
mal life existing in Canada, but none in our iron island region, unless we 
assume that the mineral acidity of the waters coming in contact with this 
island was so intense as to require all that vast period for its purification 
sufficiently to permit the existence of the lowest and most structureless 
forms of protoplasmic matter known to science. Prof. Swallow says, in 
writing on the Physical Geography of Missouri, " below the magnesian 
limestone series we have a series of metamorphosed slates, which are 
doubtless older than the knoivn fossiliferous strata\ whether they belong to 
the Azoic, the Laurentian or Huronian, I am unable to say." 

The labors of our , different state geologists have not discovered any 
fossil remains in Missouri lower down in the rock scale than what is called 
the " Lower Silurian " formations, which form the first half of the 
"x\ge of Invertebrates " in the zoic-calendar portion of Prof. Reid's chart. 
The term " Invertebrates " includes all forms of animal life that do not 
have a back-bone, such as polyps, mollusks, worms, insects, crustaceans, 
infusoria, etc. By the time this age (Silurian) had commenced, our lone 
island had been joined by large areas northward, southwestward, eastward 
and northwestward, so that there began to be a continent; and several 
hundred species of animals and plants have been found fossil in the rocks 
of this period, but they are all marine species — none yet inhabiting the 
dry land. Our chart shows the Lower Silurian epoch sub-divided into 
Cambrian, Canadian and Trenton formations; but there are other local 
sub-divisions belonging to this period, the same as to all the other general 
periods named on the chart. The animals of this period were polyps or 
coral-makers; worms, mollusks, trilobites,asterias (star-fishes), all of strange 
forms and now extinct. The trilobite, some species of which are found in 
Missouri, was the first animal on the earth which had eyes, although 
there were likewise a great many eyeless species of them ; but the fact 
that any of them had eyes during this age is considered by some scientists 
to prove that the atmosphere had by this time become sufficiently rarefied 
to let the sunlight penetrate clearly through it and strike the earth. On 
the other hand, others hold that this did not occur until after the atmos- 
phere had laid down its surcharge of carbonic acid and other gases, in the 
forms of limestone from animal life and coalbeds from vegetable life ; that 



70 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

is, there was nothing which we would now consider as clear sunshine 
until the carboniferous period. At any rate, Prof. Dana says of the 
Lower SUurian, "there was )io green herbage over the exposed hills; 
and no sounds were m the air save those of lifeless nature, — the moving 
waters, the tempest and the earthquake." Having thus given the reader 
some idea of the beginnings of land and the beginnings of life in our old, 
old state, space will not permit us to linger with details upon the remain- 
ing geological periods. We have compiled the following table from vari- 
ous writings of our able state geologist, Prof. G. C. Swallow, of the State 
University : 

ROCK FORMATIONS OF MISSOURI. 

Igneous Rocks. — Granite, porphyry, syenite, greenstone, combined 
with those wonderful beds of iron and copper which are found in the 
Pilot Knob region. 

Azoic Rocks. — Silicious and other slates, containing no remains of 
organic life, though apparently of sedimentary and not of igneous origin. 

Lower Silurian— , Feet thick. 

Hudson river group (3 local subdivisions) 220 

Trenton limestone - 360 

Black-river and birds- ej'^e limestone 75 

1st magnesian limestone 200 

Saccharoidal (sugar-like) sandstone 125 

2d magnesian limestone 230 

2d sandstone • 115 

3d magnesian limestone 350 

3d sandstone 60 

4th magnesian limestone 300 

Total thickness of Silurian rocks 2035 

When the reader remembers that these were all formed successively 
by the slow process of the settling of sediment in water, he will get some 
idea of how it is that geology gives such astounding measurements of 
time. 

UppE'R Silurian — Feet thick. 

Lower Helderberg formation 350 

Niagara group 200 

Cape Girardeau limestone 60 

Total thickness 610 



history of the state of missouri. 71 

Devonian — 

{Chouteau limestone 85 
Vermicular sandstone and shales 75 
Lithographic limestone 125 

Hamilton group 40 

Onondaga limestone (extremely variable). 
Oriskany sandstone (doubtful). 
Carboniferous — 

Coal measures, consisting of strata of sandstones, limestones, 
shales, clays, marls, brown iron ores and coal 2,000 

In this formation there are from eight to ten good workable veins of 
coal ; and the Missouri basin coal-bearing area is the largest in the world. 
It comprises the following: 

Square miles. 

In Missouri 27,000 

Nebraska 10,000 

Kansas 12,000 

Iowa 20,000 

Illinois 30,000 

Total 99,000 

The Sub-Carhoniferoiis in Missouri is subdivided into: 

Feet. 

Upper Archimedes limestone 200 

Ferruginous (irony) sandstone 195 

Middle Archimedes limestone 50 

St. Louis limestone 250 

Oolitic limestone 25 

Lower Archimedes limestone 350 

Encrinital limestone 500 

Total sub-carboniferous 1570 

Cretaceous. — The Triassic and Jurassic formations have not been found 
in this state ; but Prof. Swallow has classed as probably belonging to the 
Cretaceous epoch, six different formations which comprise a total thick- 
ness of 158 feet. He says no fossils have been found to certainly identify 
these beds, but their geological horizon and lithological characters deter- 
mine their place in the scale. 

Tertiary. — The beautiful variegated sands and clays and shales and 
iron ores, which skirt the swamps of southeast Missouri along the bluffs 
from Commerce to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas, belong to this system. 
Quaternary. — In this Prof. Swallow includes what is separated under 



72 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSODRI. 

the name of "Recent" by Prof. Dana and others, as shown in the chart. 

The Quaternary of Missouri is subdivided by Prof. Swallow into — 

Alluvium 30 feet 

Bottom Prairie 35 *' 

Bluff {Loess of other authors) 200 " 

Drift (altered drift, boulder beds, boulder clay) 155 " 

Total Quaternary formations. 420 " 

That brings the succession of geological formations consecutively from 
their beginning up to the present time: and now our own eves behold 
every day the processes of nature going on very much the same as they 
have gone along through all the unthinkable lapse of time that has passed 
since Pilot Knob first pushed its brazen brow up above the strange deso- 
lation of waters when "darkness was upon the face of the deep." And 
now our next consideration must be, the present aspects of the land sur- 
face of our state, together with its streams, its woodlands and its wonder- 
ful mineral wealth and resources. 

MINERAL RESOURCES. 

In the extent, variety, and practical value of her stores of mineral 
wealth, Missouri is not excelled by any other state in the Union. In the 
fall of 1880 the New York Economist published an article on Missouri, 
in which it said: 

"The state of Missouri is one of the most remarkable pieces of this earth's 
surface. Surface indeed ! Missouri goes far enough under the surface 
to furnish mankind with one hundred million tons of coal a year for thir- 
teen hundred years. Think of 26,887 square miles of coal beds— nearly 
half the state — and some of the beds nearly fifteen feet thick. With 
regard to iron, it is not necessary to penetrate the surface for that. Thev 
have iron in Missouri by the mountain. Pilot Knob, 581 feet high, and 
containing 360 acres, is a mass of iron; and Iron Mountain, about six 
miles distant from it, is 228 feet high, covers 5o0 acres, and is estimated 
in the last surveys, to contain 230,000,000 tons of ore, without counting 
the inexhaustible suppl}'- that may reasonably be supposed to exist below 
the level. There is enough iron lying about loose in Missouri for a 
double track of railroad across the continent. 

" The lead districts of Missouri include more than 6,000 square miles, 
and at least five hundred points where it can be profitably worked. In 
fifteen counties there is copper in rich abundance. There are large depos- 
its of zinc in the state. There is gold, also, which does not yet attract 
much attention, because of the dazzling stores of this precious metal farther 
west. In short, within one hundred miles of St. Louis the following met- 
als and minerals are found in quantities that will repay working: gold, 
iron, lead, zinc, copper, tin, silver, platina, nickel, emery, coal, Hmestone, 
granite, marble, pipe-clay, fire-clay, metallic paints, and salt." 

It can hardly be said that gold, silver, tin, platina or emery have been 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 73 

found in paying quantity as yet, although they are known to exist in some 
of our mining districts, in combinations with other minerals. Our state 
board of immigration has published many well prepared and judicious 
papers on the various advantages and resources of our state, which care- 
fully avoid making any extravagant or overdrawn statements. They 
give the real facts as accurately as the}'' could be ascertained up to 1879- 
80, and form the most reliable body of knowledge on many matters of 
state interest, that is now accessible; and from this source we gather the 
more essential points. 

Coal. — The Missouri coal fields underlie an area of about 26,000 
square miles. The southern outcrop of the coal measures has been traced 
from the mouth of the Des Moines through the counties of Clark, Lewis, 
Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, 
Vernon and Barton, into the Indian Territory, and every county north- 
west of this line is known to contain more or less coal. Outside of the 
coal fields given above, coal rocks also exist in Ralls, Montgomery, War- 
ren, St. Charles, Callaway and St. Louis counties, and local or outl3dng 
deposits of bituminous and cannel coal are found in Moniteau, Cole, Mor- 
gan, Crawford, Lincoln and Callaway counties. 

The exposed coal in Missouri includes upper, middle and lower coal 
measures. The upper coal measures contain about four feet of coal, in 
two seams of about one foot each and other thin seams and streaks. The 
area of their exposure is about 8,400 square miles. 

The middle coal measures contain about seven feet of coal, including 
two workable seams, twenty-one and twenty-four inches thick, respect- 
ivel}', and one of one foot, which is worked under favorable circumstan- 
ces, and six thin seams. The exposure of the middle measures covers an 
area of over 2,000 square miles. 

The lower measures cover an area of about 15,000 square miles, and 
have five workable seams, varying in thickness from eighteen inches to 
four and a half feet, and thin seams of six to eleven inches. 

Iron. — It has been said by experts that Missouri has iron enough "to 
run a hundred furnaces for a thousand j'ears;" and the ores are of every 
variety known to metallurgical science. Iron Mountain is the largest 
body of specular iron and the purest mass of ore in the world. It was 
forced up through the crust of the earth in a molten state during the 
Azoic Age of geology. The different ores of the state are classed as red 
hematite, red oxide, specular or glittering ore, brown hematite or limo- 
nite, hydrous oxide, magnetic ore, and spathic or spar-like ore (carbonate 
of iron). Many other names are used to indicate different combinations 
of iron with other minerals. Some of the iron deposits, instead of coming 
up in a fused mass from the bowels of the earth, as Pilot Knob, Shep- 
5 



(4 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

herd Mountain and Iron Mountain evidently did, were formed by the 
steam that attended those fiery upheavals, carrying its load of gaseous 
matter until it condensed and settled down at different points, and gradu- 
ally cooled or crystalized. This would occur sometimes in water and 
sometimes in the air, thus producing the great variet}- of ferruginous or 
irony compositions which we now find and utilize. And this mineral 
steam method of depositing iron and other products from subterranean 
gases must have occurred in Missouri at different periods of geologic 
time, and not all during the Azoic. The red ores are found in 21 coun- 
ties; the brown hematite or limonite iron ores extend over 94 counties, 
and in 31 of them it occurs in vast quantity. 

Shepherd Mountain is 660 feet high. The ore, which is magnetic and 
specular, contains a large percentage of pure iron. The hight of Pilot 
Knob above the Mississippi river is 1,118 feet. Its base, 581 feet from the 
summit, is 360 acres. The iron is known to extend 440 feet below the 
surface. The upper section of 141 feet is judged to contain 14,000,000 
tons of ore. The elevation of Iron Mountain is 228 feet, and the area of 
its base 500 acres. The solid contents of the cone are 230,000,000 tons. 
It is thought that every foot beneath the surface will yield 3,000,000 tons 
of ore. At the depth of 180 feet, an artesian auger is still penetrating 
solid ore. Dr. Litton thinks that these mountains contain enough iron 
above the surface to afford for two hundred years an annual supply of 
1,000,000 tons. The ore is almost exclusively specular. It j'ields 56 per 
cent, of pure iron. The iron is strong, tough and fibrous. 

Profs. Schmidt and Pumpelly, in their very learned work on the iron 
ores of Michigan and Missouri, have classified the iron-bearing region of 
our state as follows: 

Eastern Ore-Region. — 1. Ore-district along the Mississippi river. 2. 
Iron Mountain district. 3. Southeastern limonite district. 4. Franklin 
county district. 5. Scotia district. 

Central Ore-Region. — 1. Steel ville district. 2. Ore-district on the up- 
per Meramec and its tributaries. 3. Salem district. 4. Iron Ridge 
district. 5. St. James district. 6. Rolla district. 7. Middle Gasconade 
district. 8. Lower Gasconade district. 9. Callaway county district. 

Western Ore-Region. — 1. Lower Osage district. 2. Middle Osage 
district. 3. Upper Osage district. 

Southwestern Ore-Region. — 1. White River district. 2. Ozark county 
district. 

The same authorities have classified the various kinds of iron ores 
found in Missouri, thus: 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 75 



Strata of red hematite. 

Disturbed or drifted deposits of red 

hematite. 
Deposits of limonite on limestone. 
Disturbed or drifted deposits o£ 

limonite. 



Deposits of specular ore in por- 
phyry. 

Deposits of specular ore in sand- 
stone. 

Disturbed deposits of specular ore. 

Drifted deposits of specular ore. 

Lead. — The annual lead product of Missouri is said now to exceed 
that of any other state or country; and it is conceded that its lead deposits 
are the richest in the world. The lead region all lies south of the Mis- 
souri river; the mineral is found chiefly in the magnesian limestone rocks, 
which are the great lead-bearing rocks of the world; but it is also found 
in ferruginous clays, in slates, in gravel beds, and in cherty masses in 
the clays. 

Mr. R. O. Thompson, mining engineer, of St. Louis, has written a 
sketch of the mode of origin of our lead and some other mineral deposits, 
which is plain, concise, and a clear statement of the teachings of science 
on this very interesting portion of Missouri's geological and mineralogical 
history. We quote: 

"The Azoic rocks in this region, when the great Silurian system began 
to be formed, were so man}- islands, their heads only elevated above the 
vast sedimentary sea. The beds upon which the limestones and sand- 
stones were deposited consisted of the weatherings of the Azoic rocks, 
which naturallv sought the valleys and became a base for the sedimentary 
rock. This boundless sea held in solution lime, magnesia, alumina, man- 
ganese, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, and other mineral substances. 
In this chemical condition gases were evolved and the work of formation 
commenced. The two gases forming the great creative power, and aiding 
solidification, were carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen; the former 
seeking its affinity in lime and forming limestone; the sulphur in the latter 
naturally combining with the other metals, forming sulphates, or sulphur- 
ets. The work of deposition and solidification being in harmony, it is 
eas}' to understand how those minerals exist in a disseminated condition 
in these rocks. The slates that we find so rich in galena, presenting the 
myriad forms of lingida^ must also have been formed in the Silurian Age. 
The distribution among the magnesian limestones of these decomposing 
slates can be most easily accounted for. The decomposed feldspar pro- 
duced by the weathering of the porphyry became in its change a silicate 
of alumina, and the sulphur, combining with the lead, disseminated the 
same in the slate as readily as in the limestone." 

The Missouri lead region has been divided or classified into five sub- 
districts, as follows: 

I. Tlie Sont/ieastern Lead District, embraces all or parts of Jefferson, 
Washington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, St. Genevieve, 
Madison, Wayne, Reynolds, and Carter counties, with some mines in the 
western portion of Cape Girardeau county. Mining has been longest 
carried on in this district, and the aggregate of the production has been 
very great, although the work has been chiefly surface mining. Mine- 



76 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

La-Motte, in this district, was discovered in 1720, by Francis Renault and 
M. LaMotte, and has been worked more or less ever since. 

II. The Central Lead District^ comprises, as far as known, the coun- 
ties of Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camden» 
and Osage. Much of the mining done here, again, has been near the 
surface, the lead first being found in clays, in caves, and in masses in clay 
but a few inches below the surface. Shafts, however, sunk in the mag- 
nesian limestone, find rich deposits in lodes and pockets. 

III. The Southern Lead District^ comprises the counties of Pulaski, 
La Clede, Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglas, Ozark, and Christian. 

IV. The Western Lead District embraces Hickory, Dallas, Polk, St. 
Clair, Cedar, and Dade counties. Some rich deposits have been found 
in this district, especially in Hickory county. 

V. The Southwestern Lead District comprises Jasper, Newton, Law- 
rence, Stone, Barry, and McDonald. Here very extensive mining has 
been done, more especially in the two counties first named, which have, 
for the last few years, produced more than one-half of the pig-lead mined 
in the state. 

For several years past more than one-half the lead production of the 
United States has been from Missouri mines. Besides the numerous 
smelting works supported by them, the manufacture of white lead, lead 
pipe, sheet lead, etc., contributes materially to the industries and com- 
merce of the state. 

Copper. — Several varieties of copper ore exist in Missouri mines. 
Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Benton, 
Maries, Greene, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and 
Wright counties. Some of the mines in Shannon county are now profit- 
ably worked, and mines in Franklin county have yielded good results. 

Zinc. — Sulphuret, carbonate and silicate of zinc are found in nearly all 
the lead mines of southwestern Missouri; and zinc ores are also found in 
most of the counties along the Ozark range. What the lead miners call 
" black-jack, " and throw away, is sulphuret of zinc. Newton and Jasper 
counties are rich in zinc ores; and Taney county has an extensive vein of 
calamine, or carbonate of zinc. 

Cobalt. — Valuable to produce the rich blue colors in glass and porce- 
lain, and for other purposes in the arts< is found in considerable quantities 
at Mine-La-Motte. 

Manganese. — Used in glass manufacture and the arts; it is found in 
St. Genevieve and other counties. 

Nickel. — Found in workable quantities at Mine-La-Motte. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 77 

BUILDING STONE. 

Missouri abounds in solid, durable materials for buildings; she has 
quarries of red and gray granites, and very fine limestones, sandstones 
and marbles. In Crawford, Washington and Franklin counties there are 
workable beds of " onyx marble," a stalagmite formation found in caves, 
and very rich and valuable for mantles, table-tops, vases, ornaments, etc. 
This marble is not found anywhere else in the United States, and has 
been imported fi-om Algiers and Mexico, at great cost. As an illustration 
of the high repute abroad, and substantial home value ot Missouri 
products in the stone line, we give a case in point. 

The new state capitol at Des Moines, Iowa, which will cost $3,000,000, 
and is said to be the largest and finest public edifice in the United States 
outside of Washington city, is built mostly of materials from Missouri, 
except the rough masonry and brickwork. The Missouri stones and 
their cost is as follows: 

St. Genevieve buft' sandstone $ 147,289.83 

Carroll county blue limestone 139,238.54 

Fourteen red granite columns, 18 feet, 4:h inches long, 2 

ft. 3 in. diameter, turned and polished at St. Louis... . 8,144.50 

Total paid b}^ Iowa to Missouri on this one building , . $ 294,672.87 

Other examples of Missouri building stone will be of interest. The 
Archimedes limestone is used for the U. S. custom house in St. Louis. 
The encrinital limestone is used for the State University building, and 
court house at Columbia. The Trenton limestone is used in the court 
house at St. Louis. A stratum called " cotton rock " in the magnesian 
limestone formation, is used for the state house and court house at Jeffer- 
son City. Encrinital marble is found in Marion county, and other varie- 
ties occur in Cooper, Cape Girardeau, St. Louis, Iron and Ozark coun- 
ties. In the bluffs on the Niangua, a marble crops out twenty feet thick, 
which is a fine-grained, crystaline, silico-magnesian limestone, of a light 
drab color, slightly tinged or clouded with peach blossom. Some of the 
beautiful Ozark marbles have been used in ornamenting the national 
capitol at Washington. 

Lithographic limestone is found in Macon county. 

EARTHS, CLAYS, OCHRES, ETC. 

Kaolin, or decomposed feldspar, is a clay for making porcelain ware, 
and is found in and shipped from southeastern Missouri. Fine pottery 
clays are found in all the coal bearing region. North of the Missouri 
river many beds of best fire-clay are found, which is extensively manufac- 
tured at St. Louis into fire brick, gas retorts, metallurgists' crucibles, etc. 



78 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Yellow and red ochres, ferruginous clays, and sulphate of baryta, all val- 
uable in the manufacture of mineral and fire-proof paints, are found in 
great abundance all through the iron districts. Near St. Genevieve there 
is a bank of saccharoidal sand which is twenty feet in height, and miles 
in extent. The mass is inexhaustible. Two analyses give the following 
results : 

Silica 98.81 99.02 

Lime 0.92 0.98 

The sand is very friable, and nearl}'^ as white as snow. It is not oxy- 
dized or discolored by heat, and the glass made from it is clear and 
unstained. One firm in St. Louis has annually exported more than 3,500 
tons of this sand to the glass manufactories of Wheeling, Steubenville 
and Pittsburg. 



GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI. 



LOCATION AND AKEA. 

The state of Missouri (with the exception of the Pan-Handle, in the 
southeast corner, which extends 34 miles further south), lies between the 
parallels 36 degrees 30 minutes and 40 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, 
and between longitudes 12 degrees 2 minutes, and 18 degrees and 51 min- 
utes west from Washington. Its southern boundary line, extended east- 
ward, would pass along the southern boundaries of Tennessee and Vir- 
ginia. The line of the northern boundary, extended in the same direction, 
would pass north of the centers of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and near the 
centers of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Extending these lines west- 
ward, they would embrace the entire state of Kansas, and a considerable 
portion of Nebraska on the north and of the Indian Territory south. 

The length of the state north and south is 282 miles; its extreme width 
east and west, is 348 miles, and the average width, which is represented 
by a line drawn due west from St. Louis, is 235 miles. 

The area of the state is 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. In 
size it is the eighth state in the Union, and is larger than any state east 
of or bordering upon the Mississippi, except Minnesota. It occupies 
almost the exact center of that portion of the United States lying between 
the Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic, and is midway between the 
British possessions on the north and the Gulf of Mexico south. 

The following list shows what other large cities of our own and 
foreign countries lie on the same latitude with the largest cities in our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 79 

State: The latitude of 38 to 39 degrees north, embraces AnnapoHs, 
Mar3dand; Washington and Georgetown, D. C; Alexandria, Va.; Ports- 
mouth, Ohio; Lexington, Frankfort and Louisville, Ky.; Madison, New 
Albany and Evansville, Ind.; St, Louis and Jefferson City, Missouri; 
Sacramento and Vallejo, Cahfornia; Yarkand, China; Tabreez, Persia; 
Smyrna, Turkey; Messina and Palermo, Sicily; Lisbon, Portugal. 

The latitude of 39 to 40 embraces the cities of Philadelphia, Dover, Wil- 
mington, Baltimore, York, Gettysburg, Columbus, Cincinnati, Indiana- 
polis, Terre Haute, Springfield, Quincy, Hannibal, Kansas City, St. 
Joseph, Leavenworth, Denver; Virginia City, Nevada; Marysville, Cali- 
fornia; Tientsin, Pekin and Kashgar, in China; Bokhara in Turkestan; 
Erzroom in Turkey; Valencia in Spain, 

The meridian of 90 to 91 degrees west longitude, takes in Grand 
Portage, Minnesota; Mineral Point, Wisconsin ; also Dubuque, Davenport, 
Rock Island, Galesburg, St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg and New 
Orleans, 

Missouri is half as large again as New York, and more than eight 
times the size of Massachusetts, It would make a score of German prin- 
cipalities. Larger than England and Wales, or Scotland and Ireland, it 
is equal to one-third of the area of France, 

SURFACE FEATURES. 

As explained in the chapter on geology, there occurred away back 
in the earliest geological ages, some subterranean force which pushed up 
through the crust of the earth, a series of knobs and irregular ridges and 
hills in a region extending from St, Genevieve, in a southwest direction, 
to Shannon and Texas counties, taking in some portions of Madison, St. 
Francois, Washington, Iron and Reynolds counties. After this, these 
knobs and ridges were islands in the ocean, which covered the rest of 
Missouri and adjoining states. On the bottom of this ocean the solid 
strata of limestone, sandstone, and other rocks, v^^ere formed. In course 
of time the rest of the country was raised above the ocean, and the sur- 
face presented a broad, undulating plateau, from which projected the hills 
and ridges above named. The rains descended upon this plateau, and the 
waters collected into branches, creeks and rivers, and flowed awav to the 
ocean, as now; and during the succeeding cycles, the channels and valleys 
of the streams were worn into the rocks as they now appear. These 
facts respecting the formation of our state, give somq idea of its surface 
features. It may be described as a broad, undulating table-land or 
plateau, from which projects a series of hills and ridges extending from St. 
Genevieve to the southwest, and into which the branches, creeks and 
rivers have worn their deep broad channels and valleys. In that portion 
of the state north of the Missouri river, the northwest part is the highest, 



80 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

and there is a general descent to the south and east, as shown by the 
course of the Missouri river and its north side tributaries. In the eastern 
part of this region there is a high dividing ridge which separates the 
small east-flowing tributaries of the Mississippi from those flowing south- 
ward into the Missouri; the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern rattroad 
follows this highland from Warren and Montgomery counties to Coats- 
ville on the north line of the state, in Schuyler county; and railroad sur- 
veys show that in a straight line across the state, the Missouri river at the 
city of Weston, in Platte county, is 320 feet higher than the Mississippi at 
Hannibal. 

South of the Missouri the highest part is a main ridge extending from 
Jasper county through Lawrence, Webster, Wright, Texas, Dent, Iron, 
St. Francois and Perr}^ counties, striking the Mississippi river at Grand 
Tower. This ridge constitutes what is called the Ozark range, which 
for three-fourths of its course across Missouri is not mountainous, or com- 
posed of peaks, but is an elevated plateau of broad, level, arable land, and 
divides the northward flowing tributaries of the Missouri from the waters 
which flow southward into the lower Mississippi. It is a part of that 
great chain of ridge elevations which begins with Long's Peak, about fifty 
miles northwest of Denver, in Colorado; crosses the state of Kansas 
between the Kansas and Arkansas rivers; crosses Missouri through the 
counties above mentioned; passes into Illinois at Grand Tower and thence 
into Kentucky opposite Golconda; and is finally merged into the Cumber- 
land Mountains. This ridge probably formed the southern shore of that 
vast inland sea into which the upper Missouri and Platte rivers emptied 
their muddy waters for a whole geological age, and deposited over the 
states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, their sediment from the 
Cretaceous and Tertiary beds of the mountain regions in Dakota, Montana, 
Wyoming, etc., and the "Bad Lands" of northwestern Nebraska. This 
great sea or lake had its chiefs outlet at Grand Tower,* where for 
thousands of years its waters plunged over the rocky limestone ledges 
and flowed off to the Gulf of Mexico, which then extended nearly or quite 
up to the mouth of the Ohio river at Cairo. But as it gradually wore 
down the rocks of this southern high ridge barrier, of course the channel 
through this narrow pass became gradually deeper and deeper, and as 
gradually drained off the mighty lake, leaving four great states covered 
chiefly with a kind of sediment which Prof. Swallow has termed " bluff 

* Dr. Shumard in his veport on a geological section from St. Louis to Commerce, — p. 151, 
says: "The Grand Tower rises from the bed of the Mississippi, an isolated mass of rock, 
of a truncated-conical shape, crowned at the top with stunted cedars, and situated about 
fifty yards from the Missouri shore. It is eighty-five feet high, and four hundred yards 
in circumference at the base. During high water, the current rushes around its base with 
great velocity. * * About half a mile below the Tower, near the middle of the river, is 
a huge mass of chert. * In the next two miles the Missouri shore is bounded by hills 
from 75 to 200 feet in altitude." It is rocky and blufiy for six miles or more along here, 
some of the elevations reaching 330 feet. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 81 

deposit," though called by other vvritei's loess. At Grand Tower, where 
the Mississippi has worn for itself this narrow gorge or pass through the 
rocks, the current rushes and roars and tumbles along at such a mill-flume 
rate, that the passage by boats either up or down stream, is difficult and 
dangerous.* And it was here that the river pirates had their stronghold 
in the early da3^s of keel-boat traffic between St. Louis and New Orleans. 
They permitted no traders to pass this point without paying such tribute 
as they chose to levy ; and upon the least show of resistance, they would 
rob, murder and plunder without remedy. If the human history of this 
place could be written, it would be full of blood-curdling incidents, and 
deeds of violence by rude and murderous men. 

The following table of elevations above tide water in the Gulf of Mex- 
ico will give a general idea of the heights reached by this southern 
upland region: 

Granby, Newton county, (farthest southwest) 1,030 feet. 

Marshfield, in Webster county, 96 miles from the west Hne 

of the state 1,462 " 

Ohio City, opposite mouth of the Ohio river 272 " 

New Madrid, 30 miles farther south 247 " 

St. Louis directrix, (or register) 372 " 

Base of Pilot Knob 909 " 

Top of Pilot Knob 1,490 " 

It will thus be seen that the top of Pilot Knob, at the eastern end of 
our south border highlands, is only twenty-eight feet higher than Marsh- 
field, near the western end. 

KIVEKS AND WATER COURSES. 

The Mississippi river bounds the state on the east for a distance of more 
than 500 miles. The Missouri washes the western boundary of the state 
from the northwest corner southwardly, some 250 miles, to the mouth of 
the Kansas, whence it takes a course south of east, through the heart of 
the state to its junction with the Mississippi, a distance of nearly 400 
miles, presenting a river front from these two majestic streams of 1,550 
miles. Besides these mighty streams, are many smaller rivers, more or 
less navigable for steamboats and barges. On the south, or the right 

*A small work published at Davenport, Iowa, in 1856, describes this place as " a gorge 
where the river has in some remote geological age burst through a limestone mountain 
ridge, making a dangerous rocky pass, and washing the cliff into strange, fantastic forms." 
And a western poet nearly 30 years ago. thus described the spot! 

" Here Nature sports with Art in rocky lowers, 
Quarried by the wave, or lilts in Doric state 
'Abraded pillars to the corniced cliff; 
And through sharp angles, narrows, flume and gorge, 
The wildered watera, plunging, roar and foam — 
o Scylla and Charybdis of no mythic tale." 



82 HISTOR-S' OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

bank of the Missouri, the Gasconade, Osage and La Mine are navigable; 
on the Osage, steamboats make regular trips as high as Warsaw, and 
barges and keel-boats may pass as high as the state line. On the left 
bank of the Missouri, the Platte, Chariton and Grand rivers are naviga- 
ble for keel-boats and barges; and small steamers have made a few trips 
on their waters. The other important streams of the state are the Des 
Moines, Salt, Meramec, St. Francis and White rivers, all of which on 
rare occasions have been navigated by steamers. There are large num- 
bers of smaller streams called rivers and creeks. 

There are places in all our streams, except the Mississippi and Missouri, 
where they might be dammed and made to drive the machinery of mills 
and factories. Rock beds to support dams and make them permanent 
are to be found in many localities on the Osage, Niangua, Pomme du 
Terre, Sac, Spring river. Big river, Castor, Bourbeuse, Gasconade, St. 
Francis, Current, White, Grand, La Mine, Meramec, etc. No country is 
better supplied with bold springs of pure water. Many of them are 
remarkable for their size and volume. 

There is, on the whole, no state in the Union better supplied with an 
abundance of wholesome, living water for stock and domestic uses ; and 
it abounds in springs, splendidly situated for dairy business, with water at 
a uniform temperature below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. There are no 
lakes in the state except a few small ones in the extreme southeastern 
counties. , 

NOTABLE SPRINGS. 

Mineral Springs occur in every part of the state. There are excellent 
salt springs in Cooper, Saline, Howard and adjoining counties. Sulphur 
springs that have become known as places of summer resort, are: The 
Chouteau springs in Cooper county; Monagan springs in St. Clair county; 
Elk springs in Pike county; Cheltenham springs in St. Louis county. 
And Prof. Swallow says there are sulphur sprin-gs in half the counties of 
the state. Sweet springs, on Blackwater creek, are what are called chaly- 
beate waters, containing some of the salts of iron; and there area few 
others of this class. Petroleum or tar springs occur in Carroll, Ray, 
Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties, and fur- 
nish a good lubricating oil in large quantities. In the south part of the 
State there are numerous fresh water springs of such great flowage as to 
be utilized for water power. One called Bryce's spring, on the Niangua 
river, which runs throjigh Dallas, Hickory and Camden counties, dischar- 
ges 10,927,872 cubic feet of water per day, drives a large flouring mill, 
and flows away a river 42 yards wide. This is the largest one, of these 
big springs. The temperature of its water is steadily at 60 degrees Fahr- 
enheit, and the flowage uniform throughout the year. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 83 

SOILS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 

As late as 1830 the greater part of Missouri was still marked on com- 
mon school geography maps as part of the great American desert ; and in 
1820, even our own great statesman, Thomas H. Benton, had written: 
"After you get 40 or 50 miles from the Mississippi, arid plains set in and 
the country is uninhabitable except upon the borders of the rivers and 
creeks." But our present knowledge of Missouri's climate, soils and prod- 
ucts show how widely mistaken our wisest people were on this subject 
in those early days. 

Prof. Swallow, Dean of the State Agricultural College at Columbia 
(State University), has given the soils of the state a classification adapted 
to the popular understanding, by using names that everybody can read 
and know what they mean, instead of technical scientific terms known 
only to a few who have had a college education. And as this history is 
designed for the masses of the people, and to a large extent for the farm- 
ers, we give a condensed statement of Prof. Swallow's classification. 

Those known as hackbcrry lands are first in fertility and productiveness. 
Upon these lands also grow elm, wild cherry, honey locust, hickory, white, 
black, burr and chestnut oaks, black and white walnut, mulberry, linden, 
ash, poplar, catalpa, sassafras a^d maple. The prairie soils of about the 
same quality, if not identical, are known as croiv foot lands, so called from 
a species of weed found upon them, and these two soils generally join each 
other where the timber and prairie lands meet. Both rest upon a bed of 
fine silicious marls. They cover more than seven million acres of land. 
On this soil white oaks have been found twenty-nine feet in circumference 
and one hundred feet high ; linden twenty-three feet in circumference and 
quite as lofty; the burr oak and sycamore grow still larger. Prairie 
grasses, on the crowfoot lands, grow very rank and tall, and b}"^ the old 
settlers were said to entirely conceal herds of cattle from the view. 

The elm lands, are scarcely inferior to the hackberry lands, and pos- 
sess very nearly the same growth of other timber. The soil has about the 
same .properties, except that the sand is finer and the clay more abundant 
The same quality of soil appears in the prairie known as the resin-weed 
lands. 

Next in order are hickory lands, with a growth of white and shellbark 
hickory, black, scarlet and laurel oaks, sugar maple, persimmon and the 
haw, red-bud and crab-apple trees of smaller growth. In some portions 
of the state the tulip tree, beech and black gum grow on lands of the same 
quality. Large areas of prairie in the northeast and the southwest have 
soils of nearly the same quality, called imdatto soils. There is also a soil 
lying upon the red clays of southern Missouri similar to the above. These 
hickory lands and those described as assimilating to them, are highly 



84 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

esteemed by the farmers for the culture of corn, wheat and other cereals. 
They are admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruits, and their blue 
grass pastures are equal to any in the state. Their area may be fairly 
estimated at six millions of acres. 

The magnesian limestone soils extend from Callaway county south to 
the Arkansas line, and from JefTerson west to Polk county, an area of 
about ten millions of acres. These soils are dark, warm, light and very 
productive. They produce black and white walnut, black gum, white 
and wahoo elms, sugar maple, honey locust, mulberry, chestnut, post, lau- 
rel, black, scarlet and Spanish oaks, persimmon, blue ash, and many trees 
of smaller growth. They cover all the country underlaid by the magne- 
sian limestone series, but are inconvenient for ordinary tillage when they 
occupy the hillsides or narrow valleys. Among the most fertile soils in 
the state, they produce fine crops of almost all the staples ; and thrifty and 
productive fruit trees and grape vines evince their extraordinary adapta- 
tion and fitness to the culture of the grape and other fruits. 

On the ridges, where the lighter materials of the soil have been washed 
away, or were originally wanting, white oak lands are to be found, the 
oaks accompanied by shellbark and black hickory, and trees and shrubs 
of smaller growth. While the surface soil is not so rich as the hickory 
lands, the sub-soil is quite as good, and the land may be greatly improved 
by turning the sub-soil to the surface. These produce superior wheat, 
good corn, and a very fine quality of tobacco. On these lands fruits are 
abundant and a sure crop. The}' embrace about ©ne and a half million 
of acres. 

Post oak lands have about the same growth as the white oak lands, 
and produce good crops of the staples of the country, and yield the best 
tobacco in the "West. Fruits of all kinds excel on this soil. These lands 
require deep culture. 

The blackjack lands occuoy the high flint ridges underlaid with horn- 
stone and sandstone, and under these conditions are considered the poor- 
est in the state, except for pastures and vineyards. The presence, how- 
ever, of black jack on other lands does not indicate thin or poor lands. 

Pine lands are extensive, embracing about two millions of acres. The 
pines {-pinis mitis^ yellow pine), grow to great size, and furnish immense 
supplies of marketable lumber. They are accompanied by heavy growths 
of oak, which takes the country as successor to the pine. The soil is 
sandy and is adapted to small grains and grasses. 

Bisecting the state by a line drawn from the city of Hannibal, on the 
Mississippi river, to its southwest corner, the half lying to the north and 
west of this line may be described as the prairie region of the state, with 
the rare advantage that every county is bountifully supplied with timber 
and with rivers and smaller streams of water. That which lies east and 



HISTORV OF' THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 85 

south of the bisecting line is the timbered or forest section, in vvhicli are 
found numerous prairies of orreater or less extent. 

The prairie lands are again divided into bottom and upland prairies. 
The bottom prairies closely resemble in soil the river bottoms. In a cer- 
tain sense, the formation is identical; each came from accretions, one from 
the rivers and the other from the higher or upland prairies. The marl 
formation is the foundation of both and in both it is deeply buried under 
the modern alluvium. 

The celebrated and eloquent orator, Henry Ward Beecher, paid the fol- 
lowing brilliant tribute to our grand state : 

"The breadth of land from the Red River country of the far North, 
stretching to the Gulf of Mexico, including Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, 
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Texas is one of the most wonderful agricultural 
spectacles of the globe! It is one of the few facts that are unthinkable! 
In this ocean of land, and at nearly its centre, stands the imperial state 
OF Missouri. Even a Kansas man admits that in natural qualifications it 
leads all the rest, and is the crown and glory of the Union ! It has bound- 
less treasures o£ coal, iron, lead and other minerals; lands richer there 
cannot be, nor finer streams; its forests are more equally distributed all 
over the state than in any other; its climate, wholesome and delightful, 
blends the temperature of the northern lakes and the great southern gulf." 

Horace Greely said: "Missouri possesses the resources and capacities 
of a nation within the boundaries of a State." 

WILD GAME. 

Animals. — Missouri has been the feeding ground for vast herds of the 
choicest of the large game animals up to the present generation. Old 
hunters and trappers, still living, tell marvelous stories of their exploits 
with the gun. As civilization and population advanced westward their 
numbers decreased, yet Missouri is still furnishing a very large proportion 
of the game for the markets of all the large cities of the United States. 
Even London receives large shipments, ever}' winter, from St. Louis. 
From October 1st to February 1st, of every year, there is not an express 
car arriving in St. Louis which does not bring large consignments of 
game. The quantity is enormous, and far beyond the knowledge of 
every one except those engaged in the trade, or whose duties bring them 
in contact v/ith the facts. 

Elk, buffalo, antelope and bear formerly abounded in this state, but 
are now nearly or quite driven entirely beyond our borders. Red deer 
are still plentiful in some parts of the state. In fact, the Ozark Moun- 
tains and the swamp lands of southeast Missouri constitute a great deer 
park and game preserve, and will continue to do so until immigration 
crowds out the game. It is a notorious fact, that venison sells as cheaply 
as good beef in St. Louis markets, during the winter season. 



86 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



The rabbit, as it is popular!}- called here, is a species of hare, and is 
about the average size of the domestic cat. They are so numerous in 
Missouri as to be considered a pest; are found in every field and forest 
in the state. Squirrels are very numerous, especially in the swampy and 
hilly regions. The two principal varieties are the grey squirrel and the 
red fox-squirrel. One of these varieties is to be found in every clump of 
timbered land in the state. 

Birds. — Wild turkeys, the finest game birds in the world, abound in the 
same region. Prairie chickens, or pinnated grouse, are abundant in all 
the prairie regions ot" the state, and are shipped from St. Louis to eastern 
markets by hundreds of barrels during the fall months; but the game 
laws of the state strictly prohibit their being killed or trapped during the 
breeding season. Quails, or Virginia partridge, or "Bob-Whites," are 
found everywhere, so common that partridge pie, or " quail on toast," is 
no great rarity in thrifty farm houses. 

Wild ducks, wild geese, snipe, plover and several species of the rail 
frequent Missouri during their annual migrations north and south. Dur- 
ing March, April and May the migratory birds pass through Missouri, 
going north to their nesting and brooding places, probably near the 
Arctic circle. In October, November and December they return, on 
their journey southward to spend the winter. There is no state in the 
great Mississippi basin more frequented by these migratory game birds 
than Missouri. 

Fishes. — The early settlers found the rivers and lakes teeming with 
many fine varieties of game and food fishes, and there is still a bountiful 
supply. Black bass, perch, catfish, buflalo fish, suckers and pike consti- 
tute the leading varieties of native fishes. Black bass of several varieties 
inhabit every stream of considerable size in the state, and every lake con- 
tains them. It is the best game tish in the state. The perch family is 
represented by several dozen species; and perch of several kinds are 
found in every body of water in the state, which does not actually dry up 
in the summer time. The catfish of Missouri are not only numerous, but 
famous the world over. There are at least a dozen species in the waters 
of this state. The yellow catfish grows to great size, often reaching a 
weight of 175 pounds; the black catfish, maximum weight about 45 
pounds ; blue or forked-tail catfish, reaching 150 pounds and upwards in 
weight; the channel catfish, weighing from one to fifteen pounds, and the 
yellow mud catfish, often weighing as high as 100 pounds. The sucker 
family includes the buffalo fish, chub, sucker and red horse. The first of 
these is highly prized, abundant, and grows to a maximum weight of 40 
pounds. The last named is very abundant during certain seasons of the 
year, and valuable; they weigh from 6 ounces to 8 pounds. Pike of sev- 



1 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 87 

eral species are found throughout Missouri, and rank with black bass as 
game fish; they are found in the clearer and rapid streams. 

The above lists constitute the leading fishes of the state, but by no means 
all, as there are many minor species. 

The state board of fish commissioners receives $3,000 annually from 
the state, to defray expenses of propagating desirable kinds of food fishes, 
that are not found native in the state. In 1878 Mr. Reid distributed 100,- 
000 fry of the California salmon, in the state. In May and June, 1879, 
the commission distributed 250,000 shad fry in the rivers of southeast, 
south and southwest Missouri, and planted 5,000 young trout in the 
springs and sources of the same rivers. Later they have planted 100,- 
000 fry of the California salmon in the same sections of the state. In 1880 
two or three hundred thousand fry of German carp were planted. All 
the waters of Missouri are adapted to this fish, more especially the lakes 
and sluggish streams. The carp can be as easily cultivated as pigs or 
turkeys, and it is hoped that in a few years all the streams of the state 
will be stocked with them. 



THE CLIMATE. 



For nearly forty years Dr. George Engelmann, of St. Louis, kept sys- 
tematic records of the meteorology of St. Louis and vicinity; and by 
compiling similar records kept during long or short periods, by other per- 
sons in different parts of the state, he has been able to report pretty cor- 
rectly the dates and weather-facts which go to furnish a comprehensive 
estimate of the general nature of the climate, at each season of the year, 
in different parts of the state. The following facts of great practical 
interest and value are gathered from the doctor's work : 

Our winters, taken in the usual sense, from the first of December to 
the last of February, have in the city an average temperature of 33.3 
degrees, and may be estimated for the surrounding country at 32 degrees; 
but they vary in different seasons between 25 degrees (winter of 1855-6 
and 1872-3) and 40 degrees (winter 1844-5). Our summers (from June 
1st to August 31st) have in the city a mean temperature of 76.8 degrees, 
and are calculated to reach in the country 75 degrees, ranging between 
the coolest summer, 71.5 degrees mean temperature (1835, 1839 and 
1848), and the warmest of 80 degrees mean temperature, (1838, 1850 and 
especially 1854). 

The last frosts in spring occur between March 13th and May 2d, on 
an average about April 5th, and the earliest autumnal frosts between 
October 4th and November 26th, on an average about October 27th; the 



88 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

period between these two terms extends in different years from 184 to 
252 days, on an average 205 days. In the southeast part of the state 
these Hmits of the freezing point will, of course, be much wider apart, 
and in the northwest they are narrowed down considerably. Our spring 
opens in March, though in some favored seasons vegetation breaks 
through its wintry bounds already in the latter part of February, while 
in a few very late springs it cannot be said to have fairly commenced 
before the middle of April. * * * We find the first in bloom is the 
alder and the hazel; next — not rarely retarded by intervening cold spells — ■ 
the soft or silver leaf maple; our common white elm blooms a few days 
after this, between February 24th and April 15th, on an average, March 
19th. During the next following days, ros^es, syringas, gooseberries and 
many other bushes, and the weeping willows, show their young leaves. 
About two weeks after, the elm — between March 18th and April 25th, 
on an average about April 3d — the peach trees open their first blossoms, 
and are, one week later, in full bloom. Plum and pear trees and sweet 
cherries blossom about the same time, or a few days later, and then sour 
cherries and the glory of our rich woods, the red buds, get in bloom. 
Between March 21st and May 1st, (mean, April 14th) the early apple 
trees begin to bloom, and between March 28th and May 10th, (mean, 
April 20th) they may be said to be in full bloom. 

The maturity and harvest of winter wheat immediately succeeds the 
catalpa bloom, between June 10th and July 1st, usually about June 20th. 
The mean summer temperature varies but Httle throughout the state. In 
the summer of 1873 the mean temperature in the southeast was found 
only one-half degree higher than that of the northeast, and the difference 
between St. Louis and the west was even less. "Winter temperatures, 
however, show a wide range. The mean temperature of the southeast- 
ern part of the state is 2^ to 3 degrees higher than at St. Louis, and 
5^ degrees higher than in the northeastern angle, and the mean tem- 
perature of Leavenworth, and the adjacent parts of Missouri, is fully 2 
degrees less than that of the region about St. Louis. 

In connection with our winter temperature it must be mentioned that 
the Mississippi at St. Louis freezes over about once in four or five 
years, partly, no doubt, m consequence of the heavy ice floating down 
from the north; and it then remains closed for one or two, or even four 
or six weeks, sometimes passable for the heaviest teams. Our river has 
been known to close as early as the first week in December, and in 
other years, to be open as late as the last week in February ,while the run- 
ning ice may impede or interrupt navigation between the end of Novem- 
ber and the end of February, sometimes as low down as the southeast 
corner of the state ; the river is said, however, never to freeze over below 
Cape Girardeau. The Missouri river is sometimes closed in the latter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 89 

part of November, and has been known to remain firml}'^ bridged over 
into the first week of March. 

The dimate of Missouri is, on the whole, a dry one, with strong evap- 
oration, and an atmosphere but rarely overloaded with moisture. 



iWi liter Spring 

Clear or nearly clear days 30 

Partially clear and variable days 39 

Days when the sun remains ol)scnred. . . .1 21 



33 
47 
12 



Summer 



40 

48 
4 



Autumn 



40 
39 
12 



Whole Yr. 



143 

173 

49 



Our summer rains mostly descend with great abundance, and in a com- 
paratively short time, so that the average (13 inches) of summer rain falls 
in 70 hours, distributed over twenty-four days, while the 7 inches of win- 
ter rain (and snow) descend in 160 hours and on 22 days. The days on 
which it rains vary between 68 and 115 in the year. On the average we 
have 92 days in the year on which it rains. Our rains last from a frac- 
tion of an hour to a few hours, and very rarely extend through the 24 
hours. 

Snow is rather scarce in our climate, and rarely continually covers the 
ground for more than a few days or a week. In some years, it amounted, 
when melted to 5^^ inches: in others to only one-half inch; the aver- 
age is about 2^ inches. 

The atmospherical pressure (indicated by the stage of the barometer) is 
with us, in summer, more uniform and regular than on the Atlantic coast, 
while in winter it fluctuates considerably, and often very rapidly. The 
average barometrical pressure is highest in January, falls till May, and 
gradually rises again until January; it is most variable from November to 
March, and least so from June to August. 

HEALTHFULNESS OF THE STATE. 

Authentic reports to the Health Board of St. Louis is have shown that 
the annual sickness rate of the city of St. Louis about seventeen and a half 
days to each member of the population. Dr. Boardman, of Boston, has 
ascertained the sickness rate of the city of Boston to be about twenty- 
four days of annual sickness to each individual. The general correctness 
of these conclusions are further substantiated by army statistics. Dr. 
Playfair, of England, after careful inquiry, computed the ratio of one 
death to twent3^-eight cases of sickness in a mixed population. 

The state of Massachusetts has for many years had a state board of 
Health, by whom sanitary improvements have been diligently and scien 
tifically prosecuted, under state authority ; and the annual death-rate has 
thereby been somewhat reduced. In 1870 Massachusetts had a popula- 
tion of 1,457,351 and there were during the same period 25,859 deaths 
from all causes. A mortality equal to 1.77 per cent of the population. At 
' 6 



90 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

the same time Missouri had a population of 1,721,295, and there were 
during- that year 27,982 deaths from all causes. A mortality rate equiva- 
lent to 1.63 per cent, of the population. It thus appears, if the calculation 
is made and the relative proportion between the populations and the death 
rates of the two states maintained, that vital security is greater in Mis- 
souri, as compared with Massachusetts, to an extent represented bv 
the annual saving of 2,474 lives. But this is not all. The authorities on 
vital statistics estimate that two persons are constantly sick for ever}^ one 
that dies ; and Dr. Jarvis shows, from the experience of health-assurance 
companies in this country, that on an average each person loses from 19 
to 20 days per year by sickness. Then we have this result: Two 
persons sick to one death, equal 4,948, multiplied b}- 20, gives 98,960 days 
per year less of sickness in Missouri than in Massachusetts, in proportion 
to population. Then reckon the amount of care and anxiety and suffering 
and the loss of time, and cost for nursing and medicines and doctor's bills — 
and you will begin to get some idea of what these figures really mean, in 
favor of our state, with its dry, salubrious climate, in comparison with 
Massachusetts, the only other state for which the figures were at hand 
to make the comparison. 

AGRICULTURE. 

The Missouri state board of agriculture was created a body corporate 
by statute, in 1877, and it was provided that the governor, the state sup- 
erintendent of schools, the president of the state university and the 
dean of the ^tate agricultural college, should be ex-officio members of 
the board. The officers of the secretary and treasurer are required to be 
at the agricultural college, at Columbia, in Boone county ; and the annual 
meetings are to be held there, on the first Wednesday of November in 
each year. The presidents or duly authorized delegates of county 
agricultural societies, are rightful members of the state board, "for delib- 
eration and consultation as to the wants, prospects and condition of the 
agricultural interests of the state, to receive the reports of district and 
county societies, and to fill by elections all vacancies in the board." 

The law further provides that, " It shall be the duty of all agricultural 
and horticultural societies, organized and established in accordance with 
the laws of this state, to make a full report of their transactions to the 
Missouri state board of agriculture, at each annual meeting thereof." 

The state board is required " to make an annual report to the general 
assembly of the state, embracing the proceedings of the board for the 
past year, and an abstract of the reports and proceedings of the several 
agricultural and horticultural societies, as well as a general view of the 
condition of agriculture and horticulture throughout the state, accom- 
panied by such recommendations, including especially such a system of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 91 

public instruction upon those subjects as may be deemed interesting and 
useful." Provision is then made for printing fourteen thousand copies 
(two thousand in the German language), for distribution to all who will use 
them. 

OUR STAPLE CROPS. 

First of all the crops grown in the state, in amount and value, is Indian 
corn. There is not a county in the state in which it is not successfully 
and profitably grown. The broad alluvial bottoms along our great rivers 
yield immense crops of this valuable cereal, and our fertile prairies are 
but little, if any, behind them in their yield. 

Next in importance among the cereals is wheat., which grows and yields 
well in every part of the state. Except in a few northern counties, spring 
wheat is but little grown, the main attention being bestowed upon the 
winter varieties, which are especially a favorite crop upon the loess and 
clay loams, and upon the oak uplands of the state. The well known fact 
that the best flour to stand transportation and exposure in hot and humid 
climates, is made from wheat grown toward the southern border of the 
wheat zone, has made Missouri flour a favorite for shipment to South 
American markets. Flour made in Missouri, from Missouri wheat, won 
the Medal of Merit 2i\. the World's Exposition, at Vienna, in 1873. The 
average yield and the certainty of the wheat crop in Missouri, give the 
state a high rank among the states producing this cereal. 

Oats grow and yield well in the state, producing heavy straw, plump 
and heav}^ grains; but the crop does not figure very largelv in our 
markets, being mainly grown for home consumption. 

Tobacco., of two or three varieties, grows well, and Missouri tobacco 
enjoys a fine reputation for excellence. The state embraces some of the 
best tobacco lands in the country. It is a staple in nearly every count}'- in 
the state, and some of the counties make it a leading crop. Missouri 
ranks sixth in its production. 

Cotton, except in small patches for home use, is raised only in the 
southern counties of the state. Stoddard, Scott, New Madrid, Pemiscot, 
Dunklin, Mississippi and Lawrence, all raise more or less for shipment, 
and, in some of the counties named, it is an important crop. 

Potatoes grow well, and on most of our soils yield large crops. They 
are of fine quality generally. 

Sweet Potatoes grow upon our sandy soils to great size and excellence, 
and our farmers raise a great abundance for home use, and the city 
markets are always well supplied. 

Sorghum., and other varieties of the Chinese sugar cane, are exten- 
sively growm, and many thousands of gallons of syrup are annually made 
for home use. Recent improvements in manufacturing sugar from these 



92 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

syrups bid fair to increase the value and importance of this branch of 
husbandry. 

Broom Corn is extensively grown in Missouri, and the brush being 
longer and finer than that grown in the eastern states, commands a much 
better price in market. 

Buckwheat^ Castor Beans ^ White Beans, Peas andHo^s, are all success- 
fully grown and made profitable crops. 

Garden Vegetables are produced in great profusion and variety, and 
the more arid regions of western Kansas and New Mexico, and the 
mining districts of Colorado, afford an ever-increasing market for these 
and other agricultural products from our state. Watermelons, musk- 
melons, etc., grow to great perfection, and are shipped in large quantities 
from some portions of the state to cities farther north. 

The U. S. forestr}' statistics of 1875, give Missouri 21,707,220 acres of 
land in farms; 20,116,786 acres not in farms; of wood land in farms there 
were 8,965,229 acres, and the total woodlands in the state was reported 
as 19,623,619 acres. 

There is a curious bit of agricultural history which illustrates the rapid 
development of the western country, and at the same time shows, by 
the inevitable logic of events already transpired, the magnificent position 
of Missouri as the greatest wheat center on the crlobe. In 1849 the cen- 
ter of the wheat product of the United States was the meridian of 81 ^ 
west of Greenwich, passing north and south through the eastern border 
counties of Ohio. In 1859 that line had moved westward a httle more than 
two degrees of longitude, and passed through the eastern border counties 
of Indiana, the city of Fort Wa3me being on the line. In 1869 the wheat 
center had moved not quite two degrees further west, and was that year 
a few miles west of Chicago and Milwaukee; and the center of our 
National corn crop was on the same line at this time. In 1877 this line 
had moved still further west, and was now represented by a line drawn 
on a map of the United States from Marquette, on Lake Superior, down 
through JanesviUe, Wisconsin, and through Mendota, LaSalle, Vandalia 
and Cairo, in Illinois. The corn center will not move much if any further 
west; but the wheat center, b}' reason of the rapid development of this 
crop in Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas, is now, in 1881, as far 
west as St. Louis; and it will not be likely to migrate further than Jeffer- 
son City at any time in the future, because there is no important wheat- 
growing territory further west still unoccupied. The new settlements 
westward must be chiefly by mining and manufacturing peoples, hence, 
consumers rather than producers of the great cereal crops. 

The conclusion of the whole matter, then, is that St. Louis is now, and 
will for several decades continue to be, practically on the center line of 
the aggregate product of wheat and com in the United States, propor- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. <):i 

tioned from east to west limits of the national domain. And this fact 
assures Missouri of pre-eminent commercial rank among the grand sister- 
hood of states. 

The following table shows the number of pounds weight which con- 
stitute a lawful bushel in Missouri, of the different articles named, as 
established in 1879: 

No. lbs. No. lbs. 

Articles. per bu. Articles. per bu. 

Wheat 60 Orchard Grass 14 

Corn, shelled 56 Buckwheat 62 

Corn in ear 70 Onions 57 

Corn Meal 50 Top Onion Sets 28 

Rye 56 Peas, whole, dry 60 

Oats 32 Split Peas 60 

Barley 48 Dried Apples 24 

Irish Potatoes 60 Dried Peaches 33 

Sweet Potatoes 56 Malt 38 

Beans, White 60 Salt 50 

Castor Beans. 46 Coal 80 

Bran 20 Peanuts, dry Southern 22 

Clover Seed 60 Cotton Seed 33 

Timothy Seed 45 Parsnips 44 

Hungarian Seed 48 Common Turnips , 42 

Hemp Seed 44 Carrots 50 

Flaxseed 56 Rutabagas 50 

Millet Seed 50 Green Peas, unshelled 56 

Red-top Seed or Herd's Grass 14 Green Beans, unshelled 56 

Osage Orange Seed 36 Green Apples 48 

Sorghum Seed 42 Green Peaches 48 

Kentuck}'^ Blue Grass Seed ... 14 Green Pears 48 

The standard bushel for coke and charcoal is to contain 2,680 cubic 
inches; apple barrels, length, 28|- inches; chines, f of an inch at ends; 
diameter of head, 17£- inches; inside diameter at the center of the barrel, 
20|^ inches. 

HORTICULTURE. 

The state horticultural society was organized in January, 1859, and 
has kept up its annual meetings in spite of all difficulties. Each congres- 
sional district of the state is classed as a separate horticultural district, and 
is represented in the society by a vice-president, who is expected to keep 
himself posted on the interests of this industry in his district, and make 
report (or procure some one to do it), at the annual meeting. The officers 
of this society for 1880, were: President, Hon. Norman J. Colman, St. 
Louis; Vice Presidents: 1st congressional district, H. Michel, St. Louis; 
2d, Dr. C. W. Spaulding, Cliff Cave; 3d, J. Rhodes, Bridgeton; 4th, 
H. D. Wilson, Cape Girardeau; 5th, W. S. Jewett, Crystal City; 6th, M. 



94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

S. Roundtree, Springfield; 7th, E. Brown, Sedalia; 8th, Z. S. Ragan, 
Independence; 9th, J. Madinger, St. Joseph; 10th, W. H. Miller, Chili- 
cothe; 11th, G. Husmann, Columbia; 12th, J. Hawkins, Hannibal; 13th, 
W. Stark, Louisiana. 

Apples. — All the standard varieties of the temperate zone are raised 
in their highest perfection in the state of Missouri; but in such a large 
area of country as our state comprises, and with such a great variety of 
soils, and other conditions, each different kind has its locality of best suc- 
cess. It is therefore not possible to indicate what varieties are best for 
the state ; each district will have its favorites. At the national exhibit, in 
1878, Missouri showed one hundred and forty plates of apples. Distin- 
guished pomologists assert that ten counties in north Missouri can show 
apples in as great variety and perfection as any ten other states in the 
Union. 

Perhaps no better proof can be given of the general excellence of 
Missouri fruits than the fact that at the meeting of the American pomo- 
logical society, in September, 1878, medals were awarded to Missouri for 
the best displaj^s of apples, pears and wines, and also one for the best 
general display of fruits. These honors were gained in competition with 
every state in the union, represented by their choicest fruits, and at an 
exhibition held at Rochester, New York, which had long been regarded 
as the very center of the fruit growing interests of the country. The 
fruits exhibited on that occasion were from different parts of the state. 
St. Joseph, Independence, Morrison, Columbia, Hermann, St. Louis county, 
Boone county, and other districts were represented, and shared the hon- 
ors of our great victory. 

The varieties that appear to have received most favor at the meeting 
of our state agricultural society, in 1880, were Ben Davis, Winesap, 
Jonathan, Dominie, Rawle's Janet, Milam, Northern Spy, Carthouse, 
Newtown Pippin, Summer Pippin, Red June, Early Harvest, Red 
Astrachan, Late Summer, Dutchess of Oldenburg, Early Pennock, St. 
Lawrence, Maiden Blush, Rambo, Grimes' Golden, Limber Twig, Little 
Romanite. 

Peaches. — The southeastern portion of the state, along the line of the 
Iron Mountain railroad, and the western portion, where the marly deposits 
are so rich and extensive, are pre-eminently the peach districts, and in 
these regions the peach seems almost indigenous, never failing to produce 
abundant crops; and yet fruit-growers in these districts say that they are 
never able to supply the demand, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado taking 
all from the western region, and St. Louis having to draw upon other states 
for her supplies. Peaches may be relied upon as a profitable crop in all 
that part of the state south of the Missouri river, and, indeed, are largely 
grown much further north, St. Joseph exporting large amounts. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 95 

In some localities the trees have occasionally been winter-killed, when not 
in suitable soil or not sheltered; but, on the whole, Missouri may fairly be set 
down as a peach-growing state. Mr. R. Lynn, of Rockport, in the 
northwest part of the state, says he has raised three good paying crops 
of peaches in seven years, the first crop being the third year from plant- 
ing; his best crop was in 1878. 

Pears. — Pears do well throughout the state, especially in the region 
of Clay, Jackson and Cass counties. The trees attain a great size and 
age — a diameter of from twelve to fifteen inches is common; and there 
are trees a short distance south of St. Louis over two hundred years old, 
and still bearing fiiU crops. The pear, although the most luscious fruit 
grown in northern latitudes, is also one of the most difficult to raise suc- 
cessfully — hence it is a matter of reasonable pride and gratification that 
this fruit has done so well in our state. At the national pomological 
exhibition, of 1878, there were from this state: From the Missouri Val- 
ley horticultural society, Kansas City, twenty varieties of pears; fi-om 
Jacob Rhodes, Bridgeton, nine varieties ; from J. Madinger, St. Joseph, 
six varieties; firom W. Stark, Louisiana, two varieties. Some of the 
finest specimens at the exhibition were grown near St. Louis, on stocks of 
the white thorn. 

Grapes. — For several years the chief fruit-growing interest of our state 
seemed to center on the grape — at least, it was more discussed and advo- 
cated in fashionable circles, than all the other fruits put together. The 
anti-prohibition sentiment rallied around the grape-growing industry for 
the manufacture of native wines, as the great panacea for all the ills and 
horrors of intemperance. But aside from any matter of sentiment in the 
case, it does seem as though we excel all other states of the Union in the 
variety and richness of our grapes, both of native and cultivated varieties. 

From Prof. Swallow's report on the country along the lines of the 
southwestern branch of the Missouri Pacific railroad, published in 1859, 
we learn that seven different native grapes have been found in Missouri. 
1. Vz'iis Lab7'usca^ commonly called " fox grape." The Isabella, Catawba, 
Schuylkill and Bland's seedling, are cultivated and popular varieties derived 
from this wild grape. 2. Vitis Aestivalis^ or "summer grape." This 
is found in all parts of the state. 3. Vitis Cordifolia; winter grape, or 
"frost grape " as it is more commonly called. 4. Vitis Ri^aria^ or "river 
grape," grows along streams and is quite large. 5. Vitis Vul^ina; called 
also Muscadine. It grows mostly in the south part of the state, and is a 
large fine fruit. The cultivated grape called Scuppernong is derived from 
this wild variety. 6. Vitis Bi-pinnata; found in Cape Girardeau and 
Pemiscot counties. 7. Vitis Indivisa; found in central and western 
counties. 



96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



GRASSES. 

There are few or no grasses that are peculiar to Missouri; and fortu- 
nately so, for there is no permanent advantage in being adapted to pecu- 
liar crops any more than in being a peculiar people. The great blessings 
of life are universal and widespread. It results that all the valuable 
members of this great and beneficial family of plants are adapted to and 
capable of being introduced and cultivated in this state. Flint, in his 
standard work on grasses, says: "Whoever has blue grass has the basis 
of all agricultural prosperity, and that man, if he have not the finest 
horses, cattle and sheep, has no one to blame but himself. Others, in 
other circumstances, may do well. He can hardly avoid doing well if he 
will try." 

Blue grass is indigenous in Missouri. When the timber is removed it 
springs up spontaneously on the land, and, when the prairie is reclaimed, 
it soon takes possession and supersedes all other grasses. This famous 
grass is the foundation on which the mighty stock industry of Kentucky* 
has been built, and has given a world-renowned reputation to its fine 
blood horses, cattle and sheep. The combing-wool sheep and the fine 
mutton breeds have obtained a national reputation for wool and mutton in 
that state, and their usefulness has but begun. What blue grass has done 
for Kentucky, it is now doing for Missouri. An acre of this grass is 
worth an acre of corn. 

Recent experience has proved that alfalfa or lucerne, that most fatten- 
ing of all grasses, grows luxuriantly in this region, yielding each year 
three or four good crops of hay. 

THE "GRASSHOPPER" IN MISSOURI. 

As early as 1867, our state board of agriculture reported destruction by 
grasshoppers (the Rock}- Mountain locust,) in the western part of the 
state the previous fall; and also, that there had been visitations more or 
less injurious in former years. But their greatest and most grievous 
invasion occurred in the fall of 1874, when 83 counties of western Mis- 
souri suffered from their ruthless ravages. Our state entomologist, Prof. 
C. V. Riley, made such a thorough, diligent and masterful study of their 
origin and habits,andthecauses, methods and consequences of their migra- 
tions, that he became the standard authority on grasshoppers all over the 
civilized world. In 1876 the government appointed a special commission 
of entomologists to investigate the character and movements of these 
pests, and report for the benefit of the whole infested region, which com- 
prised the country west of St. Paul, Minnesota, Jefferson City, Missouri, 
and Galveston, Texas, ranging from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to 

* "Kentucky blue grass," (so-called), is not native to that state : it is the same as the En- 
glish spear grass, the New England June grass, or meadow grass — or, in botanical lan- 
guage, foa pratensis. 



\ 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. [)7 

Lake Winnipeg and Manitoba in the British possessions northward, and 
as far west as the headquarters of the Columbia river. The most prom- 
inent scientists on this commission were our own Prof. Riley, and Prof. 
Samuel Aughey, of the state university of Nebraska. 

The results of this United States commission were little if anything 
more than a tedious elaboration of what Prof. Riley had presented in 
three annual reports as state entomologist of Missouri. No new points 
of any special importance were discovered concerning them. The devel- 
opment of this subject, thereforefbelongs to the history of what Missouri 
has done for science, for agriculture and for the public weal. In his 
seventh annual report to our state board of agriculture, 1875, Prof. Riley 
says : 

"There is some difference of opinion as to the precise natural habitat and 
breeding places of these insects, but the facts all indicate that it is by 
nature a denizen of high altitudes, breeding in the valleys, parks and 
plateaus of the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado, and especially of 
Montana, Wyoming and British America. Prof. Cyrus Thomas, who 
has had an excellent opportunity of studying it, through his connection 
with Hayden's geological survey of the territories, reports it as occurring 
from Texas to British America, and from the Mississippi westward to the 
Sierra Nevada range. But in all this vast extent of country, and espe- 
cially in the more southern latitudes, there is every reason to believe that 
it breeds only on the higher mountain elevations, and where the atmos- 
phere is very dry and attenuated, and the soil, seldom, if ever, gets soaked 
with moisture. Prof. Thomas found it most numerous in all stages of 
growth, along the higher valleys and canyons of Colorado, tracing it up 
above the perennial snows, where the insects must have hatched, as it 
was found in the adolescent stage. In crossing the mountains in Col- 
orado, it often gets chilled in passing snows, and thus perishes in 
immense numbers, where bears delight to feast upon it. My own belief 
is that the insect is at home in the higher altitudes of Utah, Idaho, Col- 
orado, W3'^oming,> Montana, northwest Dakota, and British America. It 
breeds in all this region, but particularly on the vast hot and dry plains 
and plateaus of the last named territories, and on the plains west of the 
mountains; its range being bounded, perhaps, on the east by that of the 
buflalo grass. 

"Mr. Wm. N. Byers, of Denver, Colorado, shows that they hatch in 
immense quantities in the valleys of the three forks of the Missouri river 
and along the Yellowstone, and how they move on from there, when 
fledged, in a southeast direction, at about ten miles a day. The swarms 
of 1867 were traced, as he states, from their hatching grounds in west 
Dakota, and Montana, along the east flank of the P.ocky Mountains, in 
the valleys and plains of the Black Hills, and between them and the main 
Rocky Mountain range. It all this immense stretch of country, as is well 
known, th'ere are immense tracts of barren, almost desert land, while 
other tracts for hundreds of miles bear tmly a scanty vegetation, the short 
buflalo grass of the more fertile prairies giving way now to a more luxu- 
riant vegetation along the water courses, now to the sage bush and a few 
cacti. Another physical pec^iliarity is found in the fact that while the 



J>8 HISTORY OF THE .VfATK OF MISSOURI. 

spring on these immense plains often opens as early, even away up into 
British America, as it does with us in the latitude of St. Louis, yet the veg- 
etation is often dried and actually burned out before the first of July, so 
that not a green thing is to be found. Our Rock}^ Mountain locust, 
therefore, hatching out in untold myriads in the hot sandy plains, five or 
six thousand feet above the level of the sea, will often perish in immense 
numbers if the scant vegetation of its native home dries up before it 
acquires wings; but if the season is propitious, and the insect becomes 
fledged before its food supplies is exhausted, the newly acquired wings 
prove its salvation. It may also become periodically so prodigiously mul- 
tiplied in its native breeding place, that, even in favorable seasons, every- 
thing green is devoured by the time it becomes winged. 

" In either case, prompted by that most exigent law of hunger — spurred 
on for very life — it rises in immense clouds in the air to seek for fresh 
pastures where it may sta}- its ravenous appetite. Borne along by pre- 
vailing winds that sweep over these immense treeless plains from the north- 
west, often at the rate of fifty or sixty miles an hour, the darkening locust 
clouds are soon carried into the more moist and fertile country to the 
southeast, where, with sharpened appetites, they fall upon the crops like 
a plague and a blight. 

" Many of the more feeble or of the more recentl}'- fledged perish, no 
doubt, on he way, but the main army succeeds, with favorable wind, 
in bridging over the parched countr}'^ which oflers no nourishment. The 
hotter and dryer the season, and the greater the extent of the drouth, the 
earlier will they be prompted to migrate, and the farther will they push 
on to the east and south. 

" The comparatively sudden change from the attenuated and dry atmos- 
phere of five to eight thousand feet or more above the sea level, to the 
more humid and dense atmosphere of one thousand feet below that level, 
does not agree with them. The first generation hatched in this low coun- 
try is unhealthy, and the few that attain maturity do not breed, but 
become intestate and go to the dogs. At least such is the case in our own 
state and the whole of the Mississippi valley proper. x\s we go west or 
northwest and approach nearer and nearer the insect's native home, the 
power to propagate itself and become localized, becomes, of course, greater 
and greater, until at last we reach the country where it is found per- 
petually. Thus in the western parts of Kansas and Nebraska the pro- 
geny from the mountain swarms may multiply to the second or even third 
generation, and wing their way in more local and feeble bevies to the 
country east and south. Yet eventually they vanish from off the face of 
the earth, unless fortunate enough to be carried back by favorable winds 
to the high and dry country where they flourish. 

" That they often instinctively seek to return to their native haunts is 
proven by the fact that they are often seen flying early in the season in a 
northwesterly direction. As a rule, however, the wind which saved the 
first comers from starvation by bearing them away from their native 
home, keeps them and their issue to the east and south, and thus, in the 
end proves their destruction. For in the Mississippi valley they are 
doomed, sooner or later. There h nothing more" certain than that the 
insect is not antochthonous in west Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, 
or even Minnesota, and that when forced to migrate from its native home, 
from the causes already mentioned, it no longer thrives in this country." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOUKl. i^ij 

February 23, 1877, our state legislature passed a law providing for 
the payment of .a bounty of one dollar per bushel in March, fifty cents 
per bushel in April, and twenty-five cents per bushel in May, for grass- 
hoppers; and five dollars per bushel for their eggs at any time. Nebraska 
did still better, by making every road supervisor in the state a grasshop- 
per policeman, and giving him authority to call out every man from six- 
teen to sixty 3'ears old, to spend two days killing young grasshoppers 
from the time they begin to hatch in the spring. 

All the grasshopper states now have some sort of protective laws; and 
if another invasion occurs, by concerted and organized effort the amount 
of damage suffered can be reduced to a small per cent as compared with 
our last " plague of the locusts." 



PART III.— NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE. 

NAVIGATION— ANCIENT AND MODERN. 
It is not certainly known just what modes of navigation were used bv 
the prehistoric mound-builders, although we hare some relics of their 
time, or possibl}'- of a still earlier race, which are deemed to show that 
they made wooden dug-outs or troughs, by burning them into a sort of 
boat-like shape and condition. And it is supposed that, prior to this they 
lashed to^rether loirs or fragfments of drift-wood, and made rude rafts 
iipon which they could cross rivers or float down, but of course could 
not return with them. Some remains have been found in northwestern 
Iowa'" which are supposed to prove that men used wooden dug-out boats 
during the age when Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska were the 
bottom of a vast inland sea or lake, into which the Missouri and Platte 
rivers emptied their muddy waters and deposited what Prof. Swallow^ 
calls the "bluff' formation" over these states; and Prof. Whitney found 
in California undisputable proof of man's existence there a whole geolog- 
ical age prior to the period when the great fresh water Missouri sea 
existed, (see note to chart, on page 67); hence the fact that raft and dug- 
out navigation was in use among the islands and shallows of this immense 
mud-lake or inland sea, seems not improbable. 

However, the modern Indians, before the w^hite man appeared in these 
western wilds, had the art of making light and elegant canoes of birch 
bark, and could manage them in the water with wonderful skill. They 
made long journeys in them, both up and down stream; and when they 
wanted to go from one stream to another these canoes were so light that 
two men could carry one on their shoulders and march twenty or twenty- 
five miles a da}^ with it if necessary. But thev were too light and frail 
for the freighting service of the white man's commerce. 

* Reported lo the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at its St. Louis 
meeting, in August, 1878, by W. J. McGee, geologist, of Farley, Iowa. 



100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

The European explorers of this new world utilized the Indian canoes 
as far as practicable, often making considerable voyages in them; some- 
times two were lashed together by means of coupling poles laid across 
on top of them, thus making a boat with two hulls. This rig could not 
be upset, and was easy to tow or paddle, besides making a sort of over- 
deck on which to carry baggage. But the thin, frail material was too 
easily punctured to be safe, and boats made of plank were always in 
demand. At first the boats were built in the " scow " fashion, with full 
width fiat bottom and full width sled-runner bow. But they soon learned 
that in order to make any headway going up stream they must adopt the 
keel bottom and water-cutter prow style; and for more than a hundred 
years the traffic of all our navigable western rivers was carried on mainly 
by means of what were called keel-boats. The manner of propelling 
them up stream we have described elsewhere. 

THE LEWIS AND CLARKE EXPEDITION. 

The Missouri river was iirst opened to commerce and geography by 
Lewis and Clarke, who were commissioned by President Jefferson, in 
1S03, to explore it. They Mt St. Louis May 14, 1804. The outfit con- 
sisted of tw^enty-six men; one keel-boat fifty-five feet long, drawing three 
feet of water, and provided with one large square sail and twenty-two 
oars. Also, two open boats, one of six, and one of seven oars. May 16th 
they were at St. Charles ; on the 25th they reached LaCharrette, a small 
village sixty-five miles above the mouth of the river, not far from where 
Marthasville, in Warren county, is now located, and which was the last 
w hite settlement up the river. June 1st they reached the mouth of the 
Osage river, which was so called because the Osage tribe of Indians 
d\velt along its course. June 26th, they reached the mouth of the Kansas 
river, where Kansas City now flourishes in ail her glory, and remained 
here two days for rest and repairs. The Kansas tribe of Indians had two 
villages in this vicinity. July 8th they were at the mouth of the Nodawa, 
where now is the village of Amazonia, in Andrew county ; and on the 11th 
they landed at the mouth of the Nemaha river. On the 14th they passed 
the mouth of the Nishnabotna river, and noted that it was only .300 yards 
distant from the Missouri at a point twelve miles above its mouth. 

This was their last point within the boundaries of the present state of 
Missouri. St. Louis was then the territorial capital of the whole region 
they were to explore through to the mouth of the Columbia river on the 
Pacific coast. This was one of the great exploring adventures of the 
world's history, and its narrative is full of romantic and thrilling interest, 
but space forbids its presentation here. The party followed up the entire 
length of the Missouri river, then down the Columbia to the Pacific 
ocean, reaching that point November 14th, 1805. Here they wintered; 
and on March 23d, 1806, they started on their return trip b}' the same 



HISTORY OF THE STATP: QF MISSOURI. lUl 

route, arriving at St. Louis September 23d, . at 12 o'clock — not a man 
missing from the party that first started out; and the people of St. Louis 
gave them an enthusiastic ovation. 

FIRST STEAMBOATS IN MISSOURI. 

Steam came at last, and revolutionized the business of navigation and 
commerce throughout the world. The first steamboat that ever lashed 
the Missouri shore with its waves, or made our river hills and forests echo 
hack her pulsating puffs, was the " General Pike," fi-om Louisville, which 
landed at St. Louis, August 2, 1817. Such boats had passed a few times 
up and down the whole length of the Ohio river, and between Louisville 
and New Orleans, before this, so that the people of St. Louis had heard 
about them from the keel-boat navigators. They were therefore over- 
joyed when the first one landed at the foot of their main business street, 
and thus placed them for the first time in steam communication with the 
rest of the civilized world. The event was celebrated with the most 
enthusiastic manifestations of delight by the ringing of bells, firing of 
guns, floating of flags and streamers, building of bonfires, etc. The 
second one, the "Constitution," arrived October 2: and from that onward 
the arrival of steamboats became a very commonplace affair. 

The first boat that ever entered the Missouri river was the "Independ- 
ence," commanded by Captain Nelson. She left St. Louis May 15, 1819, 
and on the 28th arrived at Franklin, a flourishing young city that stood 
on the north bank of the Missouri river, opposite where Boonville is now 
located. There was a U. S. land office at Franklin, and it was the 
metropolis of the up-Missouri region, or as it was then called, the 
"Boone's Lick Country."* When this first steamboat arrived the citi- 
zens got up a grand reception and public dinner in honor of the captain 
and crew. The boat proceeded up as far as the mouth of the Chariton 
river, where there was then a small village called Chariton, but from that 
point turned back, picking up freight for St. Louis and Louisville at the 
settlements as she passed down. The town site of Old Franklin was 
long ago all washed away, and the Missouri river now flows over the 
very spot where then were going on all the industries of a busy, thriving, 
populous young city. 

The second steamboat to enter the Missouri river (and what is given in 
most histories as the first) was in connection with Major S. H. Long's U. 
S. exploring expedition, and occurred June 21, 1819, not quite a month 
after the trip of the " Independence." Major Long's fleet consisted of 
four steamboats, the " Western Engineer," " Expedition," " Thomas Jef- 
ferson " and " R. M. Johnson," together with nine keel-boats. The 
"Jefferson," however, was wrecked and lost a few days after. The 

♦Daniel Boone had first explored this region and discovered some rich salt springs, and 
two of his sons manufactured salt and shipped it from Franklin for several years. 



102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

"Western Engineer" was a double stern wheel boat, and had projecting 
from her bow a figure-head representing a huge open-jawed, red-mouthed, 
forked-ton gued serpent, and out of this hideous orifice the puffs of steam 
escaped from the engines. The men on board had many a hearty laugh 
from watching the Indians on shore. When the strange monster came 
in sight, rolling out smoke and sparks from its chimney like a fiery mane, 
and puffing great mouthfuls of steam from its wide open jaws, they 
would look an instant, then yell, and run like deer to hide away from 
their terrible visitor. They thought it was the Spirit of Evil, the very 
devil himself, coming to devour them. But their ideas and their actions 
were not a whit more foolish than those of the sailors on the Hudson 
river, who leaped from their vessels and swam ashore to hide, when Ful- 
ton's first steamboat came puffing and glaring and smoking and splashing 
toward them, like a wheezy demon broke loose from the bottomless pit. 
Major Long was engaged five years in exploring all the region between 
the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains which is drained by the 
Missouri and its tributaries; and his steamboats were certainly the first 
that ever passed up the Missouri to any great distance. Long's Peak, in 
Colorado, 14,272 feet high, was named after him. 

From this time forward the commerce and travel by steamboats to and 
from St. Louis grew rapidly into enormous proportions, and small towns 
sprung up in quick succession on every stream where a boat with paddle 
wheels could make its way. For half a century steamboating was the 
most economical and expeditious mode of commerce in vogue for inland 
traffic; and Missouri, with her whole eastern boundary washed by the 
" Father of Waters," and the equally large and navigable " Big Muddy " 
meandering entirely across her territory from east to west, and for nearly 
two hundred miles along her northwestern border, became an imperial 
center of the steamboating interest and industry. 

About 1830 the art of constructing iron-railed traffic-ways, with steam- 
propelled carriages upon them, began to be developed in our eastern 
states. But it was not until 1855 that these new devices for quick transit 
began to affect the steamboating interests of Missouri. (The first rail- 
roads to St. Louis were opened in that year; the railroad history of the 
state will be found in another place.) Then commenced the memorable 
struggle of the western steamboat interests, with headquarters at St. 
Louis, to prevent any railroad bridge from being built across the Missis- 
sippi, Missouri or Ohio rivers. They held that such structures would 
inevitably be an artificial obstruction to the free and safe navigation of 
these great natural highways. But it was evident enough to clear- 
thinking people that the steamboat business must decline if railroads 
were permitted to cross the great rivers without the expense of breaking 
bulk, and this was the "true inwardness" of the anti-railroad bridge 



HISTORY OF THE STATK OF MISSOURI. 103 

combination. The issue was made against the first railroad bridge that 
ever spanned the Mississippi, the one at Rock Island, Illinois. In a long 
course of controversy and litigation the railroads came out ahead, and 
steamboating gradually declined, both in the freight and passenger traffic, 
to less than half its former proportions. 

However, the tables have been turned again ; and now, in 1881, 

THE BARGE SYSTEM 
has suddenly leaped forth to break the threatening power of monopoly 
which the great east and west railroad lines for a while enjoyed. 

The first step in the historic progress of this grand revolution in the 
commercial relations and connections of the entire Mississippi and Mis- 
souri valley regions, was the successful construction of the jetties at the 
mouth of the Mississippi river by Capt. James B. Eads, a worthy and 
distinguished citizen of St. Louis. This great enterprise was undertaken 
bv Capt. Eads under an act of congress approved March od, 1875. It 
required him to obtain a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide at the 
bottom, within thirty months from the passage of the act, upon which a 
payment of $500,000 would be made; and upon obtaining channels of two 
feet additional depth, with correspondingly increased widths at bottom, 
until a depth of 30 feet and a width at bottom of 350 feet was secured, 
payments of $500,000 were to be made, with additional payments for 
maintenance of channel. The total cost to the government of a channel 
30 feet deep by 350 feet wide would be $5,250,000. Capt. Eads was also 
to receive $100,000 per year for twenty years, to keep the works in repair 
and maintain the channel. 

Before the jett}^ works were commenced, there existed an immense bar 
of sand or silt, with a depth of only eight feet of water over it, between 
the deep water of the Mississippi and the navigable water of the Gulf. 
But at the close of the year there was a wide and ample channel of 23^ 
feet; and for the greater portion of the distance between the jetties, over 
this same bar, there was a channel from 28 to 35 feet deep. The scheme 
has been so entirely successful that it has attained a world-wide celebrity 
and commercial importance, owing to the fact that the largest class of 
sea-going vessels can now be towed in and out of the Mississippi river 
without risk or difficulty; and it is Ihis achievement by our honored fellow- 
citizen which has made possible the success of the grain-barge system of 
shipments from St. Louis direct to Europe, that is now revolutionizing the 
entire trade and commerce of the major half of the United States. The 
following facts will serve to show what has already been accomplished in 
this direction. 

The total shipments of grain by the barge lines from St. Louis to New 
Orleans in the month of March 1881, was 2,348,093 bushels. 

The St. Louis RefuhUcan of April 2d, 1881, stated: 



104 HISTORV OF THE STATK OF MISSOURI. 

" There were started from St. Louis yesterday about eighty trains of 
grain to New Orleans, or what amounts to the same thing, three different 
barge companies started tows down the river with 567,000 bushels of 
grain. This amount would have filled about 1,200 railway cars, and 
would have taken eighty trains of fifteen cars or sixty trains of twent}- 
cars each to transport. All this grain was put into fifteen barges, and a 
matter of 2,600 tons of miscellaneous fi-eight besides. All these three 
tow-boats started down the river with a freight list that would have filled 
between thirteen and fourteen hundred railway cars, and will be delivered 
to New Orleans in from five to nine days. 

"The exact statement of the cost of transportation of flour from* St. 
Louis via New Orleans to Liverpool and to Boston, per barrel, is ninety 
cents freight and four cents drayage to boat a<- levee at St. Louis, or ninety- 
four cents to Liverpool, while the freight per barrel to Boston by rail, In 
car-loads of one hundred and twenty-five barrels, from East St. Louis, is 
ninety-one cents, or from St. Louis (eight cents transfer across the bridge 
added,) ninety-nine cents, or five cents less to Liverpool by river and 
ocean, than by rail to Boston. This rate to Liverpool via New Orleans 
was negotiated March 30 by the St. Louis, New Orleans and Foreign 
Dispatch Company." 

George H. Morgan, Esq., secretary of the St. Louis "Merchant's 
Exchange," furnished the writer of this history with the following state- 
ment of grain shipments by barge line from St. Louis to New Orleans: 
1881. Wheat. Corn. Oats. Rye. 

February 232,248 126,770 22,423 

March 796,710 1,541,505 25,162 

April 819,038 1,312,432 24,916 

Total 1,847,996 2,980,707 50,078 22,423 

Thus it will be seen that the tide has fairly turned; that St. Louis is now 
practically a commercial seaport, and will, within the next twelve months, 
become the greatest grain-shipping city on the American continent. 



1 



RAILROADS IN MISSOURI. 
The earliest account of any movement in this state with regard to rail- 
roads is to the effect that on the 20th of April, 1835, a railroad convention 
was held in St. Louis, and resolutions were adopted in favor of building 
two railroads — one from St. Louis to Fayette, in Howard county; and the 
other one southward to Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, etc.* The reason for 
projecting a railroad from St. Louis into the great iron region is obvious 
enough; but why they should at that early day have thought of building 
more than one hundred and fifty miles of railroad to reach a town that 
was only twelve miles from Old Franklin, on the banks of the Missouri 
river, is an unsolved mystery. It indicates, at least, that those " early 

*The first steam railroad i a this country was th<' Baltimore and Susquehanna line, in 
1830; though horse railroads had been used before, especially at coal mines and marble 
quarries, and in two cases engines had been used on such roads. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 105 

fathers " were not under the control of any narrow or shallow views con- 
cerning the practical value of railroads, or the future grandeur of St. 
Louis as the central point for all trans-Mississippi traffic. In this first 
railroad convention ever held west of the Allegheny Mountains there 
were sixty-four delegates in attendance, representing eleven counties; but 
practically nothing ever came of their deliberations. 

In 1840 a State Board of Internal Improvement was created, and it 
made a survey for a railroad from St. Louis to the Iron Mountain, by the 
way of Big River. February 7th, 1849, Col. Thomas H. Benton, sena- 
tor from Missouri, introduced into the U. S. senate a bill to provide for 
the location and construction of a central national road from the Pacific 
ocean to the Mississippi river, to be an iron railway where practicable, 
and the rest a wagon way. February 20th, same year, a public meeting 
was held in St. Louis, which petitioned the legislature for a charter and 
right-of-way for a railway across the state from St. Louis to the western 
boundary; and on the 12th of March this charter was granted. 

Next a meeting was held which called a national convention at St. 
Louis to consider the project of a national Pacific railway across the 
continent. This convention was held October 15, 16, 17, 18, 1849. Fif- 
teen states were represented ; the grand project was warmly commended, 
and a strong memorial sent to Congress asking the public authorities to 
take some action in the matter. 

Such was the beginning of definite moves toward a trans-continental 
railroad. 

The Missouri Pacific was the first railroad commenced and first finished 
in the State. Incorporated March 12, 1849; authorized capital $10,000,- 
000; opened to Cheltenham, March 23, 1852; amoimt of state aid, 
$7,000,000; St. Louis county aid $700,000; land sold, 127,209 acres; 
entire length from ,St. Louis to Kansas City, 382 miles; total cost, $14,- 
382,208. 

The successive stages of its construction were: Chartered, March 12, 
1859; first ground broken, by Mayor Kennett of St. Louis, July 4, 1851; 
road opened to Cheltenham, Dec. 23, 1852; to Kirkwood in May, and to 
Franklin July 23, 1853; completed to Washington, February 11, 1855; to 
Hermann, August 7, the same year;* and to Jefferson City, March 12, 1856; 
completed to California in Moniteau county. May, 14, 1858; to Tipton, 
July 26, same year; and to Syracuse, August, 1, 1859; opened to Otter- 

*November 1, 1855, a large excursion train left St. Louis to celebrate the opening of the 
railroad through to Medora station, about twenty miles beyond Hermann. It was a long 
train filled with business men of ths city and their families, and the occasion was one ot 
great festivity and rejoicing. But while the train was crossing the Gasconade river the 
bridge gave way, and plunged cars, bridge and people in one mixed and horrible wreck 
into the gulf of waters fifty feet down. The president and chief engineer of the road, and 
.30 prominent citizens of St. Louis were killed, while scores of others were more or less 
injured. It was the first and the most terrible railroad accident that has ever occurred in 
the state. 

7 



106 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 1 

ville, August 24, 1860; to Smithton, November 1, same year; and to 
Sedalia in February 1861. Here it stopped during the first two years of 
the war. But Pettis county voted $75,000 to aid it, and Jackson county 
$200,000. Commenced running trains to Dresden, May 10, 1863; to 
Warrensburg, July 3, 1864; in 1865 the road was opened to Holden, May 
28; to Pleasant Hill, July 19; to Independence, September 19. Meanwhile 
work had been going on from Kansas City westward, the two gangs of 
workmen meeting at Independence; and on this 19th day of September, 
1865, the last rail was laid and the last spike driven, which connected 
Missouri's two principal cities with iron bands unbroken from east to west 
line of the noble commonwealth. On the next day, the president of the road 
Mr. Daniel R. Garrison, left Kansas City at 3 a. m., and arrived in St. Louis 
at 5 p. M., thus making the first through trip over the completed line. 

There is now not a county north of the Missouri river which has not 
one or more railroads within its limits ; and of the seventy counties south 
of the Missouri, only 22 have no railroad reaching them. However, new 
roads and branches are being built each year, so that within a few years 
every county will be provided with good railroad facilities. 

January 1, 1880, there were, in round numbers, 3,600 miles of railroad 
in operation in the state, embraced in about fifty different main lines and 
branches, allowned by thirty-five different corporations, and operated by 
twenty-five difTerent companies, as shown in the following table: 

Atchison, Topeka and Sante Fe 22 Missouri Pacific 375 

Burlington and Southwestern 64 Quincy, Missouri and Pacific 75 

Cherry Valley. . . 6 St. Joseph and Des Moines 45 

Chicago and Alton 364 St. Louis, Hannibal and Keokuk. ... 48 

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific 169)^ St. Louis, Iron Mount'n and Southr'n 380 

Crjstai City 4 St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern 1323^ 

Hannibal and St. Joseph 291i^ St. Louis, Salem and Little Rock 45 

Kansas City and Eastern 43 St. Louis and San Francisco 36BJ^ 

Kansas City, Ft. Scott and Gulf 8 Springfield and Western Missouri.. 20 

KansasCity, St. Joe and Council Bltt"'s 198 Union Railway and Transit Company 1 

Little River Valley and Arkansas. ... 37 Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific 655 

Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska 70 West End Narrow Guage 16 

Missouri, Kansas and Texas 284 

Total 3,607 

POSTA.L AND TELEGRAPH FACILITIES. 

There are within the state 15,208 miles of postal routes, of which 
10,426 miles are by stage and horseback, 575 miles by steamboat, and 
4,207 miles by railroad, the whole involving a cost for the year 1878-9 of 
$768,904. There are 1,700 post towns — but four states in the union have 
a greater number. These are all offices of registration, where letters and 
parcels can be registered for transrais.sion through the males to all 
parts of this and foreign countries. In 200 of these post-offices, money- 
orders may be purchased, payable at all similar offices in the United 
States, and a portion of them issue orders drawn on Great Britain, France, 
Germany, Italy, Switzerland, etc. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 107 

There are in the state 562 telegraph stations, whence messages can be 

sent all over the telegraph world; 2,423 miles of line and 6,000 miles of 

wire. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The following statistics of the capital employed in manufacturing indus- 
tries, and the amount of production, is collated from careful estimates 
made in 1876, the latest at hand, although it is well known that great 
increase of these industries has been made since that date. These esti- 
mates showed that the state then contained 14,245 manufacturing estab- 
lishments, using 1,965 steam engines, representing 58,101 horse-power, 
465 water wheels, equaHng 7,972 horse-power, and employing 80,000 
hands. The capital employed in manufacturing was about $100,000,- 
000; the material used in 1876 amounted to about $140,000,000; the 
wages paid were $40,000,000, and the products put upon the market 
were over $250,000,000. Outside of St. Louis the leading manufacturing 
counties of the state are Jackson, about $2,000,000 ; Buchanan, $7,000,- 
000; St. Charles, $4,500,000; Marion, $3,500,000; Franklin, $3,000,000; 
Greene, $1,500,000; Cape Girardeau, $1,500,000; Platte, Boone and 
Lafayette, upwards of $1,000,000 each, followed by several counties 
nearly reaching the last sum. 

The products of the different lines of manufacturing interests are, 

approximately, as follows: 

Flouring Mills $oO,000,000 Furniture $5,000,000 

Carpentering 30,000,000 Paints and painting 4,500,000 

Meat Packing 30,000,000 Carriages and Wagons 4,500,000 

Iron and Castings 15,000,000 Bricks 4,500,000 

Tobacco 14,000,000 Marble, Stone-work and Masonry. 4,000,000 

Clothing 11,000,000 Bakery Products 4,000,000 

Liquors 10,000,000 Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron 4,000,000 

Lumber 10,000,000 Sash, Doors and Blinds 3.350,000 

Bags and Bagging 7,000,060 Cooperate 3,000,000 

Saddlery 7,000,000 Blacksnuthing 3,000,000 

Oil 6,000,000 Bridge Building 2,000,000 

Machinery 6,000,000 Patent Medicines 3,500,000 

Printing and Publishing 5,500,000 Soap and Candles 3,500,000 

Molasses 5,000,000 Agricultural Implements 3,000,000 

Boots and Shoes 5,000,000 Plumbing and Gas-fitting 3,000,000 

Of the manufacturing in Missouri, more than three-fourths is done in 
St. Louis, which produced, in 1879, about $275,000,000 of manufactured 
articles. The city has, for some years past, ranked as the third in the 
United States in the amount of her manufactures, leaving a wide gap 
between her and Chicago and Boston, each of which cities manufactures 
a Httle more than one-half as much in amount as St. Louis, and leaves a 
doubt as to which of them is entitled to rank as the fourth manufactur- 
ing city. 

Flour. — In St. Louis there are twenty-four flouring mills, having a 
daily productive capacity of 11,000 barrels. The total amount of flour 
received and manufactured by the dealers and millers of St. Louis, in 



108 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

1879, was 4,154,757 barrels, of which over 3,000,000 were exported. They 
also made 425,963 barrels of corn meal and 28,595 barrels of hominy and 
grits. Of their exports, 619,103 barrels were sent to European nations 
and to South America. 

Cotton. — There are in the city two mills, which consume from 15,000 
to 20,000 bales annually. To supply the manufactured cotton goods 
annually sold in St. Louis will require mills of ten times the capacity of 
those now in operation . 



PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



SL loom's is the commercial metropolis not only of the state of Missouri 
but also of the Mississippi and Missouri valley regions of country; and 
the history of Missouri isi to a very large extent the history of St. Louis. 
There is so much concerning this imperial city embodied in other parts of 
this work that little need be added here. 

St. Louis is situated upon the west bank of the Mississippi, at an altitude 
of four hundred feet above the level of the sea. It is far above the highest 
floods that ever swell the Father of Waters.- Its latitude is 38 deg., 37 
min., 28 sec, north, and its longitude 90 deg., 15 min., It* sec, west. It is 
twenty miles below the mouth of the Missouri, and 200 above the conflu- 
ence of the Ohio. It is 744 miles below the falls of St. Anthony, and 
1194 miles above New Orleans. Its location ver}- nearly bisects the 
direct distance of 1,400 miles between Superior City and the Balize. It 
is the geographical center of a valley which embraces 1,200,000 square 
miles. In its course of 3,200 miles the Mississippi borders upon Missouri 
470 miles. Of the 3,000 miles of the Missouri, 500 lie within the limits 
of our own state, and St. Louis is mistress of more than 1 6,500 miles of 
river navigation. 

The Missouri Gazette, the first newspaper, was establised in 1808, by 
Joseph Charless, and subsequently merged in the present Missouri 
Republican. The town was incorporated in 1809, and a board of trustees 
elected to conduct the municipal government. In 1812 the territory of 
Missouri was designated, and a legislative assembly authorized. The 
Missouri Bank was incorporated in 1814. The first steamboat arrived at 
the foot of Market street in the year 1815, followed soon by others. 
In 1819 the first steamer ascended the Missouri, and the first through 
boat from New Orleans arrived, having occupied twenty-seven days in 
the trip. In 1821 a city directory was issued. The facts stated in this 
volume show that the town was then an important and thriving one. In 
1825 Lafayette visited the city and received a grand public ovation. This 
year the United States arsenal and Jeft'erson barracks were established. 



HISTORY OF THK STATK OF MISSOURI. 1(»9 

In 1827 there were hardly a dozen German families in St. Louis, where 
now there are as many thousands of them. In 1830 the population was 
8,654. In 1835 the first railroad convention was held. [See page 106.] 
In 1837 the population was 16,187, and 184 steamboats were en^^aged in 
ihe commerce of the city. The decade between 1840 and 1850 saw 
increased advancement in all kinds of industry, and in architectural 
growth. We find that in 1840 there were manufactured li>,075 barrels 
of flour, 18,656 barrels of whisky, and 1,075 barrels of beef inspected, 
and other branches of business had correspondingly increased. In 1846, 
the now extensive Mercantile Library was founded. The close of the 
decade. 1849, brought upon the city the double misfortune of fire and 
pestilence. On Ma}^ 19th, the principal business section was swept away 
by a conflagration originating in a steamboat at the levee; and, during 
the summer of the same year, the population was scourged by cholera. 
In 1851, the first railroad enterprise— the building of the Missouri Pacific 
— was inaugurated, and quickly followed by others. [See page 105.] 
The decennial increase of population has been as follows: 

Year. Pop. Year. Pop. Year. Pop. 

1799 925 1830 5,862 1860 160,733 

1810 1,400 1840 16,469 1870 310,864 

1820 4,928 1850 74,439 1880 350,522 

During 1880 St. Louis received 1,703,874 barrels of flour; manufactured 
2,077,625 barrels; and shipped 3,292,803 barrels. Of this amount 975,970 
barrels were shipped in sacks to England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Hol- 
land, France, Belgium, Germany, Brazil, Cuba and Mexico. During the 
same year St. Louis shipped 11,313,879 bushels of wheat; and of this 
amount 5,913,272 bushels went to foreign countries via New Orleans, 
while the rest went eastward by rail. The receipts of corn were 22,298,- 
077 bushels: shipments, 17,571,322 bushels, of which 9,804,392 went by 
barges to New Orleans for foreign ports, 3,157,684 to the south for con- 
sumption, and 4 591,944 eastward by rail or Ohio river. The receipts of 
cotton were 496,570 bales, and shipments 478,219 bales. 

During the packing season of 1879-80, there were 927,793 hogs packed. 
The shipments of coffee reached $5,000,000, and that of sugar $8,500,000. 

The above principal items are gleaned from the commercial pantheon 
of statistics published in January, 1881, b}^ the Merchants' Exchange of 
St. Louis. 

Kansas City. — In 1724 the Kansas tribe of Indians had their chief town 
a few miles below the mouth of the Kansas river, and M. DeHouro-mont, 
the French commandant of this region, held a grand peace council with 
different tribes gathered at this place for the purpose, on July 3d of that 
year. This is the earliest historic record of white men in the vicinity of 
where Kansas City now stands. In 1808 the U. S. government established 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

a fort and Indian agency here, calling it Fort Osage, which was not 
abandoned until 1825, when the Indian title to a certain strip of country 
here was extinguished. In 1821 Francis G. Chouteau established a trad- 
ing post on the Missouri river about three miles below the site of Kansas 
City, but a flood in the spring of 1826 swept away everything he had, and 
he then settled six miles up the Kansas river. 

The original town plat of Kansas Cit\' consisted of 40 acres, and was 
laid out in 1839. In 18-16 some additional ground was laid off, and a 
public sale of lots netted $7,000, averaging $200 per lot. 

The first charter was procured in the winter of 18.52-3, and in the 
spring of 1853 was organized the first municipal government. The first 
established newspaper made its appearance in 1854, with the title of the 
" Kansas City Enterprise," now known as the " Kansas City Journal." 
During the years 1855-6-7, the border troubles very visibly affected the 
prosperity of the city, so that business in those years did not exceed, all 
told, the sum of $2,000,000; but at the close of the struggle, in 1857, busi- 
ness began to revive, and it was then stated, in the St. Louis "Intelligen- 
cer," that she had the largest trade of any city of her size in the world. 
This may be distinguished as the great steamboat era. It was estimated 
that, in the year 1857, one hundred and twenty-five boats discharged at the 
Kansas City levee over twentv-five million pounds of merchandise. In 
May of this year, also, the steamboats were eniployed to carry the United 
States mail, and in 1858 the first telegraph pole in Jackson county was 
erected. 

The first bank established in Kansas City was a branch of the Mechan- 
ics' Bank, of St. Louis, organized May 1, 1859, and the second was a 
branch of the Union Bank, organized in July of the same year. The first 
jobbing dry goods house opened in July, 1857. The first city loan for 
local improvement was made in 1855, amounting to $10,000, all taken at 
home, and expended in improving and widening the levee; and, in 1858, 
another loan of $100,000 for street improvements. Only in the matter of 
railroads was Kansas City seriously affected by the panic of 1857; gov- 
ernment moneys, immigration over the border, and the New Mexican 
trade tiding her safely over the sea of financial excitement and prostra- 
tion. She had also become, even as early as the year 1854, a noted mart 
for the purchase and sale of live stock, the immense freighting across the 
plains inviting trade in this direction, and in the annual reviews of the 
papers it is said that, in 1857, the receipts for that year, in mules and cattle, 
were estimated at $200,000, and also that, in 1858, about 20,000 head of 
stock cattle were driven here from Texas and the Indian territor}-. In 
1857 over six hundred freighting wagons left Kansas City with loads for 
Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

The principal railroads centering at Kansas City are, the Hannibal & 



HISTORY OF THE STATJE OF MISSOURI. Ill 

St. Joseph railroad, tlie Kansas Pacitic railroad, t<5ie Kansas City, Law- 
rence & Southern railroad, the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf railroad, 
the Chicago & Alton railroad, the Atchison & Nebraska railroad, the 
Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council BlulVs railroad, the Missouri Pacihc 
railway, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railway, the Wabash, St. Louis 
& Pacific railway, the Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe railroad, the Kansas 
City & Eastern railroad, (narrow gauge). The x\tchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe railroad has extended its road to Albuquerque, New Mexico, 
and to Guyamas, on the Pacific coast ; to San Francisco, Cahfornia, and 
is building to the City of Mexico. 

The elevator storage capacity in the city January 1, 1881, was 1,500,- 
000 bushels. In 1879 about 1,600 new buildings were erected, costing 
$1,500,000. The U. S. postoffice and custom house building cost $200,- 

000. The union depot building cost $300,000. The Kansas City stock 
yards rank as second only to those of Chicago in the extent and com- 
pleteness of their facilities for the cattle trade. 

The population of Kansas City, by U. S. census in June, 1880, was 
62,977 Taxable wealth, $13,378,950. Cost of new buildings erected 
during the year 1880, $2,200,000'=^ 

SL Jose-ph. In 1803 Joseph Robidon, a French fur trader, located 
here, and continued to occupy his place and trade with the Indians for 33 
years. Up to 1843 the place contained only two log cabins, and a small 
flouring mill on Black Snake creek. In June, 1843, Mr. Robidoux 
received his title from the government to 160 acres of land, and laid out 
the city, which was called St. Joseph in his honor, and not, as is commonly 
supposed, in honor of the Saint Joseph of the church calendar. January 

1, 1816, the town had 600 inhabitants, having been incorporated as a vil- 
lage February 26, 1815, with Joseph Robidoux as president of the board 
of trustees. The first city charter was obtained February 22, 1851, but it 
has been many times amended. The population was : In 1850, 3,460 ; in 1860, 
8,932; in 1870, 19,625; in 1880, 32,461. 

St. Joseph is situated on the east bank of the Missouri, 545 miles from 
its mouth, 2,000 miles from the great falls, nearly 1,300 miles below the 
mouth of the Yellowstone, 310 miles from St. Louis by railroad, with 
which it is connected by three different lines, and 565 miles from St. Louis 
by river; but it is only 180 miles on an air line from the Mississippi river. 
The latitude of St. Joseph is 39 degrees 47 minutes north, and the same 
parallel passes through Indianapolis, and within less than four miles of 
Denver, Colorado, Springfield, Illinois, and the famous Mason and Dixon's 
Hne, separating Maryland and Pennsyh^ania, reaching the Atlantic coast 
half way from Cape May to New York City, and the Pacific, two degrees 

*These statistics are gathered mostly from the able annual reports of W. H. Miller, Esq., 
•who has been secretary of the Kansas City Board of Trade continuously since 1873. 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

north of San Francisco, near Cape Mendicino. A straight line drawn on 
the map from Augusta, the capital of Maine, to San Diego in California, 
passes through Detroit, Chicago, and St. Joseph, and this last city is just 
half way from end to end of this line 

St. Joseph has an altitude of about 1,080 feet above the sea, which is 
200 feet higher than St. Paul, 400 feet higher than Chicago, and nearly 
600 feet higher than St. Louis. The city is romantically and beautifully 
situated, the business portion lying in a huge basin on a great bend in the 
Missouri river, while the residence part of the city clambers up the 
mound-shaped hills, which rise on all sides like a vast amphitheater. 

The wholesale and retail trade is figured above $40,000,000 annually, 
while it is said that there are no fewer than eight commercial houses which 
have a cash capital of $1,000,000 each. It is stated on reliable authorit}'-, 
that there is handled at this point 15,000,000 bushels of corn, 5,000,000 of 
wheat, 250,000 rye, and 500,000 barley, per annum. The stock 3^ards cover 
seven acres, and belong to a stock company. There are received at the 
yards 120,000 to 150,000 hogs per annum, and 10,000 to 12,000 cattle. 
The figures do not include direct shipments to several large packing 
houses, which will increase the number of hogs to 300,000. There are 
four packing houses in the city — one having a capacity of 15,000 hogs 
per day. 

The railroad lines which connect St. Joseph with the rest of the busi- 
ness w^orld are the Hannibal & St. Joseph, the pioneer road of the state, 
extending east across the entire state to Hannibal and Quincy on the Miss- 
issippi river; the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, forming a direct line to St. 
Louis: the St. Joseph & Western, extending across the great iron bridge, 
through Kansas and Nebraska, to a junction at Grand Island with the 
Union Pacific, of which it is really a part; the Missouri Pacitic, another 
connecting line with St. Louis; the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council 
Bluffs, extending south to Kansas City and north to Omaha, with its 
Nodawa}' Valley branch, extending through the Nodaway valley, and its 
Chicago branch, making connection with the Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe; the St. Joseph & Des 
Moines, now owned and operated by the Chicago, Burhngton & Quincy; 
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and the Atchison & Nebraska. 



I 



History of Saline County. 



POSITION AND NATURAL HISTORY. * 

The county of Saline is situated in a vast bend of the Missouri river, 
which bounds it upon three sides, north, east and west, and occupies very 
nearly the geographical center of the state, upon the 39th parallel of lati- 
tude, and between 93d and 94th meridian.* The county is exactly 
bounded as tbllows: northwest, north and east by the Missouri river, west 
by Lafayette county, southeast by Cooper, and south by Pettis county. 
The Chicago & Alton railroad, from Chicago to Kansas City, crossing 
the Missouri river at Glasgow, on the eastern boundary ot the county, 
passes centralh' through it from east to west, thus locating it upon one of 
the great trunk railway lines from the east to the west — the Atlantic to 
the Pacific oceans. Saline county is centrally situated in what is known 
as central Missouri, probably the richest body of farming lands in the 
United States. It is indeed, as described by the Chicago Commercial 
Advertiser^ "the classic ground of American agriculture, and for depth, 
availability and wealth of soil, versatility and bounty of production and 
beauty of landscape, is surpassed by no farm region of the habitable 
world." 

The advantages which nature has placed within reach of the citizens of 
this richly dowered county, are so multifarious that he is enabled to dig 
deeply or to skim the surface for wealth, with the almost certain assurance 
of finding it there. Agriculture will richly reward him — or, if he goes 
deeper, there are inexhaustible mines of coal and lead. The general sur- 
face of the county is that of high, rolling prairie, with high blufts and rich 
bottoms bordering the streams. Along Blackwater and in the eastern 
part of the county there is some rough hilly country. 

But the two most remarkable exceptions to the generally undulating 
surface are "the Pinnacles," in Miami township, and the Petite Saw 
Plains, in Grand Pass township. The Pinnacles are a range of high 
river blufts, rising abruptly from the Missouri river, just above the town 
of Miami, and ending with equal abruptness on the south, in one of the 

* The county lies between latitude 38 deg., 52 min., and 39 deg., 20 min., and longitude 
15 deg., 55 min., and 16 deg., 30 min., west from Washington, as determined by Mr. A. J. 
Pickett. The town of Marshall is in latitude 39 deg., 3 min., and longitude 16 deg., 15 min. 



Hi HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

loveliest and most fertile prairies that ever charmed the eye of man. The 
Petite Saw Plains embrace a high and almost level table of land some 
six or seven miles long, and averaging about three miles wide. This 
plateau rises from the Missouri river bottom by an abrupt bluft', is elevated 
above the bottom about fort}- feet and contains a rich alluvial soil that for 
depth and fertility has probably no superior in the world. In the old 
ante-bellum hemp period of Saline these plains were almost ignored, the 
old hemp-raisers believing that land so level must be wet. Since the war 
these rich alluvial lands have been largely purchased by sturdy farmers 
from Ohio, and they now rank as among the very best farming lands in 
the county, and command the highest prices. 

Of the range of the Pinnacles there are several bluff hills, having dif- 
ferent names, such as the "Devil's Back-bone," "Sugar Loaf," "Potato 
Hill," etc. The " Devil's Back-bone " is a high, bold blufi; one hundred 
and fifty feet high, running from north to south, and situated just at the 
turn or end of the river bottom, known as the Laynesville bottom. The 
top of this pinnacle is a ridge, something like a hay-rick in shape, its rug- 
ged appearance and its back-bone similitude giving it its name. The 
" Potato Hill " is a little higher than the " Devil's Back-bone," and its 
name also indicates its shape, which is like an ordinary potato hill. It is 
due south of the " Back-bone." Still a little higher than the " Potato 
Hill" is the " Sugar Loaf," near which, or rather out of which, wells the 
ebbing and flowing spring. 

Notwithstanding the general prairie character of the county, a vast 
belt of timber land, of from one-half to six miles wide, fringes the Mis- 
souri river, and corresponding belts fringe all the lesser streams, of which 
there are many. The largest of these lesser streams is Blackwater 
river — or Black-fork of the LaMine, which enters the county at Salt Pond 
township, the southwest corner, and passes through Salt Pond and Lib- 
erty townships, divides Salt Fork and Blackwater, and flows into the La 
Mine, in Cooper county, a short distance from the Saline line. Black- 
water averages, in Saline, about 100 feet in width, but is useless for navi- 
gation. The next most important — or rather the most important stream — 
for it drains much the largest portion of the county — is Salt Fork creek, 
a tributary of Blackwater, entering the county from Lafayette, in town- 
ship 50, range 23, Grand Pass township; it flows in a general southeast- 
erly direction through the central portion of the county, and enters the 
Blackwater on the line between the Salt Fork, Blackwater and Arrow- 
Rock townships, and a few miles above where the Blackwater passes out 
of Saline into Cooper county. Following its meanders, the length of this 
stream in the county is from fifty to sixty miles; and one remarkable fea- 
ture connected with it is, that soon after it enters the county, it approaches 
so near the Missouri river, that a stout boy can easily throw a stone 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 115 

across the divide. This divide or passage is what is known as the Grand 
Pass, about a mile and a half long, from which the creek turns otf in an 
easterly and southeaster!}' direction, and its waters do not reach the Mis- 
souri until they find it through the LaMine. During the unusual freshet 
of 1875, Salt Fork broke over at the lowest portion of this divide of the 
Grand Pass, and for several days a large part of the surplus waters of 
the creek flowed into the small lakes or ponds, with which the Missouri 
river bottom here abounds. No channel was cut, however, through the 
divide, and when the waters subsided, the bed of the creek and the 
Grand Pass resumed their former position, aspect, and relation to each 
other. By digging a canal thirty or thirty-five feet deep and about one 
hundred and fifty yards long. Salt Fork could be permanently turned into 
the Missouri river, at this point, and thereby cut off from all the rest of 
the county. 

Davis creek, at the mouth of which the town of Brownsville is situated, 
is also one of the largest tributaries of Blackwater, but as it enters Saline 
from Lafayette at its southwest corner and enters Blackwater just at 
Brownsville, it runs but a short distance in the county. There are a vast 
number of smaller streams flowing into the Blackwater, Davis, Salt Fork 
and into the Missouri river, but scarcely important enough for especial 
mention here, except to state that, in almost every instance, no matter how 
insignificant, these streams are skirted with belts of timber. 

Salt Branch, though no larger than many other streams in the county, 
is remarkable for taking its rise in the " Great Salt Springs," in Elmwood 
township, and from the extreme saltness of its waters, which enter Salt 
Fork, in Grand Pass township, about ten miles after it enters the county, 
and impart to it that saline character, from which it takes its name, " Salt 
Fork of Blackwater." Above the mouth of Salt Branch, in Grand Pass 
township, the waters of Sa4t Fork are sweet and without a trace of salt, 
while, below the mouth of Salt Branch, the water is so decidedly salty 
that stock having access to it never require to be salted. 

TIMBER. 
It being a prairie county, the timber of Saline is, of course, not so 
abundant as in man}^ other counties, but there is sufficient for all the pres- 
ent wants of the people. In fact, the increase in the growth of timber 
has been much greater than the increase of the demand. With every 
year the demand for timber as fuel decreases, and that for coal increases ; 
and when the coal fields of this county become systematically worked, 
the demand for wood as fuel will, in a great measure, cease. The origi- 
nal timber growth is almost entirely confined to the margins of the 
streams; but the streams are numerous, and there are but few points on 
the prairie where the distance to timber is more than four or five miles. 
Besides, since the prairies have all been put under cultivation, and the 



116 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

prairie fires have ceased, timber has grown spontaneously and rapidly in 
many places, and now, wherever the spectator may locate himself upon 
the beautiful rolling prairies, splendid groves of timber will greet and 
rest his eye in every direction. 

The timber growth of Saline county embraces most of the species com- 
mon to the temperate zone : Hickory, black ash, black and white walnut, 
oak of a dozen different varieties, cottonwood, red and white elm, syca- 
^ more, birch, buckeye, coffee-bean, linn, water-maple, hackberry, willow, 
pecan, wild cherry, etc., all grow spontaneously and abundantly. Here- 
tofore, as in all new countries, where timber is abundant, there has been 
a great wastage of the best timber, and millions of rails split from the best 
order of black walnut, oak, cherry, etc., are lying in the old-fashioned 
worm fences, rotting away, and the men who own them purchase their 
walnut, oak, or cherry furniture, from manufactories a thousand miles to 
the east of them. 

In the fall of the year the vast wooded bottoms along the Missouri 
river, and most of the larger streams, abound in pecans, hickorynuts, and 
"mast" of nearly every kind. Wild grapes, summer grapes and fox 
grapes, flourish and bear luxuriantly in all the woodlands. The cotton- 
wood is the most common growth of all, perhaps — especially since the 
prairies have been settled. Wherever permitted to do so, in the last fifty 
years, groves of cottonwood have sprung up, and grown rapidly into tall 

timber. 

SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. 

The soil of Saline county consists chiefly of a rich black loam, varying 
from twelve to thirty-six inches in depth, and gradually shades of? into a 
yellow fine loam from ten to twenty feet in depth, which is a porous sub- 
soil, of the greatest advantage to the farmer, enabling him practically to 
defy the vicissitudes of the seasons. Saline has been often, and with more 
than usual justice, called "the garden of Missouri." There is no other 
county in the state that contains so large an area of rich and productive 
lands, and so small a percentage of waste lands. It is chiefly undulating 
prairie, the proportion of prairie to woodland being about as three to 
one — except the southeastern portion of the county, where the woodland 
exceeds the prairie, and some of the oldest and finest farms have been 
cleared from the virgin forest. 

Whether for agriculture or for raising stock. Saline has few equals 
and no superior. The soil yields with marvelous bounty to the hands of 
the cultivator. Hemp has always been the western test for first-class 
soil, and previous to the war, when slave labor was employed, hemp was 
largely grown in this county. No county in the state contains so large 
an area of hemp land. Since the war, corn has become the chief staple, 
though the acreage of wheat has steadily increased, and it actually now 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 117 

disputes with King Corn for the crown. The yield of corn is wonderful, 
averaging one year with another, the county over, as much as forty 
bushels per acre. In 1875, a premium having been offered for the best 
ten acres of corn grown in Saline, the average yield of the eighteen or 
twenty contestants was over one hundred bushels per acre, and the pre- 
mium ten acres averaged one hundred and twenty-four bushels to the 
acre. Seventy-five bushels to the acre is no unusual yield, and the 
farmer grumbles greatly if his farm 3'ields him less than fifty bushels. 

The yield of wheat varies from fifteen to forty bushels per acre, and all 
the other cereals, such as oats, barley, etc., make a rich and profitable 
return to the husbandman. In the eastern and northeastern portions of 
the county tobacco is successfully and profitably cultivated; but like hemp, 
its cultivation has fallen off since compulsory labor could no longer be 
obtained. 

The cultivated grasses, such as Hungarian, millet, clover, etc., yield enor- 
mously, while blue grass springs up spontaneously and flourishes luxuri- 
antly wherever a spot of land ceases to be cultivated. The wild prairie 
grasses, of which there were many varieties, which once covered three- 
fourths of the county, are fast disappearing before the blue grass. 

All the fruits that grow in the temperate climate, flourish in Saline, 
especially in the " loess " soil, which embraces about two-thirds of the 
county. Previous to the war comparatively but few orchards had been 
planted, but since that time, they have been set out upon almost every 
farm, and now there are apples enough grown to supply all of central 
Missouri. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, nectarines, plums, etc., 
flourish everywhere in the county, but especially in the eastern and north- 
eastern portion. 

The population of Saline county by the census of 1880, was 29,938. 
The number of acres of land in the county is -460,788, the assessed value 
of which in 1880 was $5,018,299. The number of town lots in the differ- 
ent towns was 11,266, assessed at $614,105; the number of horses, by the 
census, was 10,797, valued at $356,949— mules 3,999, valued at $180,577 
— asses and jennets 94, valued at $4,675 — neat cattle 26,174, valued at 
$417,965— sheep 20,847, value $31,582— hogs 49,909, value $98,537. 
Money, notes and bonds were held to the amount of $988,317, and all other 
personal property w^as valued at $662,353 — making the total taxable 
wealth of the county in 1880, $8,400,269. 

WATER. 

Until recent years the farmers and citizens of Saline county have depen- 
ded almost entirely for water upon shallow, surface wells, and as a con- 
sequence the drinking water has been very inferior, and more or less 
impregnated with miasma. Scattered in diflerent portions of the county 
there are some splendid natural springs, as, for instance, "Riser's Spring" 



118 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

near Riser's bridge over Salt Fork, on the Marshall and Lexington state 
road, about eight miles west of Marshall. This is a large bold spring, 
gushing from the creek blutf in a stream as thick as a man's arm. It has 
never been known to fail, and for nearly half a century has supplied all 
the farmers in the vicinity with drinking and stock water. During the 
trying droughts of 1878, 1879 and 1880, when most of the surface wells 
and springs failed, the people of SaHne have had their attention forcibly 
turned to deeply bored wells, and wind-mill pumps. At the average 
depth of one hundred feet, the river level— most excellent water is invari- 
ably obtained — cold, pure and free from any trace of miasmata. 
CLIMATE, RAIN-FALL, ETC. 

Saline county is situated on the 39th parallel of latitude, and between 
the 93d and 94th meridian west from Greenwich (or to give its latitude 
and longitude exactly, is situated between 38 degrees 52 minutes, and 39 
degrees 20 minutes, north latitude — and between 15 degrees 55 minutes, 
and 16 degrees 30 minutes longitude west from Washington,) and its cli- 
mate may be called temperate, with occasional extremes of both heat and 
cold. The winters are usually about four months in length, from Decem- 
ber 1st to April 1st; they are sometimes mild and dry — sometimes mild 
and wet — often changeable, alternating warm and cold — and sometimes 
long unbroken cold of from four to five months, as the winter of 1880-81, 
The first two months of the spring, March and April, are generally cold 
and changeable, with May warm and salubrious. During the latter part 
of June, and all of July the summers are generally fiercely hot, the ther- 
mometer ranging fi-om 86 degrees to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. In x\ugust, 
the summer heats begin gradually to subside, until September, which 
with October, is the most delightful season of the year in Saline. The 
Indian summer begins late in October, or early in November, and the weather 
often continues mild and charming until Christmas. There is no section 
of the United States where the autumns are so delightful as in Saline, and 
central Missouri generally. 

There is really little difierence between the climate of this county and 
that of more eastern states on the same parallel ot latitude, except perhaps 
during the fall season, in which Saline has greatly the advantage. Fol- 
lowing is given a record of the range of the thermometer during a period 
of thirty years, as carefully compiled by Mr. Jesse J. Ferril, one of the old 
settlers of the county. In 1850 there was frost and ice on the 7th day of 
Ma}-. January 18, 1852, at sunrise mercury stood at 18 degrees below 
zero Fahrenheit. April 6th, snow fell to the depth of six inches — while 
ice, mingled with dead buffalo ran thick in the river for several days. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



119 



Year. Date. 
1854 Feb. 1. 
Apr. 



1855 


Jan. 


" 


Feb. 


11 


Apr. 


" 


Apr. 


1856 


Jan. 


Dec. 


23, 18( 


6a 


. m. 


1857 


Jan. 


" 


Apr. 


" 


Apr. 


1860 


Aug. 


1861 


Dec. 


1862 


Dec. 


1863 


Dec. 



Thermom. F. 

,..76 deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg.. 



Time. 

2 p. m. 
6 a. m. 
2 p. m. 



22 

Jiine 28 102 

July 8 104 

June to July 20, average 98 

1854 Aug. 10 106 

3 59 

1 26 

11 98 

12 98 

9 -24 

23, 1865, to Feb. 6, 1856, average -4 deg, 

18... 
5... 



2 p. m. 
2p.m. 
6 a. m. 
1 p. m. 

m. 

m. 



3p. 
3 p. 
6 a. m. 



. . .-22 deg., 6 a. m. 

... 24 deg., 12 m. 

... 15 deg., 6 a. m. 

...108 deg., 3 p.m. 

... 62 deg., 6a.m. 

... 56 deg., 6a.m. 

... deg., 12 m. 

. . .-10 deg., 6 p. m. 

. . .-24 deg., 6 a. m. 
Dec. 31, 1863, to Jan. 9, 1864, average -8 deg., 

6 a. m. 
1864 Sep. 1... 
Dec. 10... 



1. 

9. 
25. 
31. 



1864 Jan. 1. 



1865 
1867 

1868 



March 9. 
" 13. 



.107 
. 26 

. 12 
. 

. -7 



deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 

" 14 -8i|deg., 

Dec. 11 -17 deg., 

" .July 15-21 104 deg., 

" July 2-31 93 deg., 

1871 .Jan. 11 60 deg., 

" 67 deg., 

Dec. 4 -10 deg., 

1872 Dec. 21-23 -10 dee.. 



3p. 

4 p. 

5 p. 
8p. 

6 a. 
6 a. 
6a. 
6 a.m. 
2p.m. 

2 p.m. 
6a. m . 

3 p. m. 
6 a.m. 
6 a. m. 



Year. Date. Thermom. F. 

1872 Dec. 19-26 av -7% deg., 

1873 Jan. 23 -11 deg., 

24 -26 

1874 July 5 106 

" July 24-25 100 



July 
1875 Jan. 



1-25 av. 

8. 



Feb. 



9. 

12. 

4. 

7. 

" Dec. 21-25. 

1876 March 21. 



94 
. 22 
-12 
.-20 
.-17 
.-11 
.-12 
. 54 
. 2 

" Oct. 27-30 61 

" 81 

1877 Jan. 8 -12 

16.... ....-11 

" March 25 14 

" Dec. 11-30 47 

88 
. 80 
. 16 
.-22 
.'-23 
.-15 
.-19 
.-12 



1878 .July 4-24. 
" Sept. -Oct.. 



1879 Jan. 



.June 9- 
Dec. 



24. 

0.5. 



1880 Jan. 2-8 
19. 
27. 

27. 
28. 
29. 



Feb. 
Dec. 



-Aug. 6, av. 86 
.. -7 
..-14 
,..58 
.. 64 
... 68 
... -3 
... -9 
. . .-24 



deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg, 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg., 
deg.*, 
deg., 
deg., 
det;;.. 



Time. 
6 a. m. 
12 m. 
6 a. m. 
3 p . m . 
3 p. m. 

3 p. m. 
8a. m . 

4 p . m . 
6a. m . 
6a. m . 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 
3 p. m. 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 
6 a. m. 

12 m. 

3 p.m. 

3 p. 

6 a. 

6 a. 

6 a. 

6 a. 

6 a. 

6 a. m. 
12' m. 
12 m. 

6 a. m. 

3 p. m. 

3 p. m. 
12 m. 

6 a. m. 

6 a. m. 

6 a. m. 



m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 



The winter of 1S71-2 was long and very cold, continuing from the 19th 
of November to the 6th of February, with only four days between in 
which the thermometer rose above the freezing point. The winter of 
1875-6 was the warmest that had been known for forty years, the mer- 
cury ranging in December and January trom 26 to 62 degrees Fahren- 
heit at 6 A. M. 

RAIN-FALL. 

The following table exhibits the amount of rain falling on the earth 
each year during a period of thirty-three or thirty-four years, at the town 
of Miami, in this county, as kept by Mr. Jesse J. Ferrill, beginning with 
the year J 847: 



Year. Inches. 

1847 28.40 

1848 30.76 

1849 41.25 

1850 37.76 

1851 45.50 

1852 38.32 

1853 23.02 



Year. Inches. 

1854 21.01 

1855 40.95 

1856 30.33 

1857 22.43 

1858 39.36 

1859 33.60 

1860 15.33 



120 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Year. Inches. Year. Inches. 

1871 , 27.55 

1872 38.27 

1873 38.91 

1874 26.03 

1875 34.13 

1876 42.03 

1877 43.98 

3878 40.31 

1879 42.07 

1880 32.90 



1861 42.29 

1862 34.96 

1863 29.47 

1864 25.86 

1865 42.19 

1866 33.58 

1867 21.70 

1868 36.36 

1869 41.80 

1870 27.46 



1877 — October, 8.53; November, 2.42; December, 3.46, which is a 
total of 14.41 for three months, the greatest fall of any three months 
during the thirty-three years. 

The deepest snows that have fallen during the past thirty-one years 
were: March 2, 1850, 11 inches; January 17, 1852, 13 inches; Januarjr 
21, 1855, 16 inches; January 25-27, 1856, 10 inches; January 4, 1873, 13 
inches; January 22, 1873, 12 inches; December 12, 1878, 24 inches. 

SPRINGS. 

There is a remarkable feature peculiar to a great number of the natu- 
ral springs of this county, the strong impregnation of their waters with 
common salt. This saline character of so many different springs in dif- 
ferent parts of the county, first suggested the name of the county, as well 
as the names of several of its most important streams. Some of these 
springs are impregnated with sulphur and other minerals, but the largest 
portion of them contain only muriate of soda, or common salt. "Nearly 
all of the mineral springs observed in this county," says Prof. Meek, "are 
found along streams which have excavated their valleys down nearly or 
quite to the lower carboniferous rocks, or through these into the upper 
Devonian. * "^ I do not think from this fact, however, that the salines 
of this county have their origin in their lower carboniferous or upper 
Devonian rocks, which are generally not very thick here, but that they are 
probably more deeply seated, and merely find more ready outlets through 
the fissures in these limestones where they are not overlaid by the 
impervious clays of the coal measures." These springs are ver}^ numerous, 
and are scattered all over the county; but the most remarkable of them 
all is what is known as the "Big Salt spring," in Elmwood township, section 20, 
township 50, range 22, about eight or nine miles west of Marshall, and form- 
ing the head of Salt branch. They are situated in a circular depression of 
the surrounding high prairie, the depression being as much as eighty or 
eighty-five feet. On either side of this valley the hills are made up of coal 
measure rocks, while in the valley below, the soil is composed of light-col- 
ored clay. There are several of these large salt springs, and many smaller ' 
ones more or less impregnated with sulphur and other minerals, all of 
which find an outlet in the salt branch. The largest of these is a circular 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 121 

pool measuring about 60 feet in its greatest diameter; this is the famous 
White spring, of which there is a legend, that many years ago a teamster 
with his wagon and yoke of cattle was passing near by, and seeing the 
pool turned to it to water his cattle. The oxen being hot and thirsty, 
rushed into the pool to drink, and that was the last ever seen of cattle, 
wagon or teamster. This spring was for a long time thought to be too 
deep to be sounded, but it has since been found to be only about 25 to 30 
feet deep. It flows in a bold stream of 30 cubic inches, and is kept in a 
constant state of ebulition by the escape of gases, which appear to boil 
up from the bottom, The water has a strong saline taste, and an odor of 
hydro-sulphuric acid, depositing a white fiocculent precipitate. The general 
appearance of the water is white, but it varies a good deal in this respect, 
sometimes being nearly clear. Near by, to the south, is what is known 
as the "Blue Spring," which is about 30 feet in diameter and almost per- 
fectly round. It is twenty to twenty-five feet deep, more strongly saline 
than the White spring, more deeply impregnated with sulphurous gases, 
but differs from it in the clear, limpid character of its water. It is this 
limpid clearness that gives its name of the Blue spring. This water is so 
strongly impregnated with sulphuretted-hydrogen gas that it will blacken 
silver in a few seconds. 

Salt was manufactured here by the early settlers by simply boiling 
down the water in kettles, when communication with St. Louis was diffi- 
cult and dangerous, and consumed a long period of time. There was 
also one attempt, by Mr. Jones, to manufacture salt here by solar evapora- 
tion, a good many years ago, which resulted in failure, only because of the 
very limited means of the gentleman who made the attempt. At that 
earl}?- day, timber for making vats had to be wagoned a long distance, the 
expense being very heavy, and the enterprise too great for the purse 
behind it. But now, with the C. & A. R. R. almost touching the springs, 
and all the more modern means of transportation, there is no reason why 
salt should not be manufactured here in larger quantities than at the Onan- 
daga salt works in New York, where by solar evaporation alone 600,000 
bushels of salt are made annually. The cost of operation at these is 
springs, where the supply of water is absolutely unlimited, and the location 
several degrees further south, cannot but be far less than at Onandaga, while 
the salt has been proved to be of the very finest quality. It was even 
attempted, and to some extent successfully carried out during the late war 
between the sections, when it was almost impossible for the citizens to 
obtain salt and other necessaries from the east. The crude attempts at man- 
ufacture heretofore made, have, however, tested the capacit}- of this water, 
and there is little doubt that salt will yet be manufactured here in enor- 
mous quantities. These springs are located in section 2( >, township 50 and 
range 22. 



122 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



Due west from the old fort, in township 52, range 21, on the farm of 
Mr. A. J. Vanmeter, there is a remarkable spring, that ebbs and flows 
with as much regularity as the tides of the ocean. This spring is just 
under the Pinnacles bluff", and about midway of the range. Its flood is 
between the new moon and the first quarter in each month, when it bub- 
bles up from the center with considerable force, throwing up sand, leaves 
and sticks, and flows out in a channel about sixteen feet wide by one foot 
deep. When it is quiet it is circular in form, and about ten feet in diameter, 
and is very deep — indeed, it is so deep that its bottom has never been 
reached by the means for sounding which could be obtained on an ordinary 
country farm. When it begins to flow it belches up in the center and bub- 
bles like a pot of soap, and then runs oft' like a mill-race. For about 
three hours it bubbles up and flows rapidly, and then ebbs back to its 
former station — ebbing and flowing during the dryest as well as the wet 
seasons. In winter it often freezes over when quiet, but when the new 
moon comes it bursts its icy fetters and wells up with considerable force. 

SWEET SPRINGS. 

Naturally Saline county embraces a self sustaining empire in itself. 
Nearly all the necessar}^ wants of man, and many of the luxuries, may here 
be dug from the soil, or are supplied by nature ready to his hand. Few 
counties in all this broad land have been so bountifully supplied by nature. 
All that is necessary for man to eat and wear may be grown from the soil. 
Coals for fuel and manufacturing purposes arc here without limit. 




.Sweet Water Spriugs. 

The larger portion of the county rests upon abounding coal measures, 
that are inexhaustible for thousands of years to come. Salt, that great 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



123 



and universal necessity, can here be made, whether by heat or evaporation, 
in quantities sufficient to supply the world almost, and at cheaper rates 
than the county now purchases it from the north and east. And, should 
the citizens of this favored county become sick, nature supplies them with 
healing remedies. A cave in the eastern part of the county, Clay town- 
ship, supplies pure nitre — many valuable medicinal herbs grow wild and 
may be had for the gathering — while a thousand mineral and chalybeate 
springs bubble up spontaneously in every portion of the county; the most 
important and most famous of which are the celebrated Sweet Springs, in 
Salt Pond township, section 14, township 48, range 23, near the town of 
Brownsville, in the southwestern corner of the county. 




Hotel, Sweet Water Springs. 

These springs are very near the geographical center of the state, in an 
elevated healthy region, fully 50(» feet above St. Louis, and were formerly 
owned by Rev. J. L. Yantis, an eminent Presbyterian minister. ' Some 
years ago the land embracing these springs, about thirty acres, was pur- 
chased b}- a number of gentlemen, formerly the Sweet Springs company, 
who have since built a spacious hotel, many cottages, and in many ways 
have highly adorned and beautified the grounds, and now, both as to 
beauty and reputation they will vie with any of the older watering resorts 
of the east. The springs proper flow from a limestone ledge on the 
banks of Blackwater — but within a radius of five miles, taking the hotel as 
the center, there are almost innumerable springs containing salt, sulphur, 
iron, magnesia and other valuable minerals. The chief medicinal springs are 
the Sweet, within the grounds, and the " Akesion," a short distance down 
the river, a pleasant drive from the hotel, which are amply fitted up for bath- 



1 

124 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ing and swimming. This " Akesion Spring," abounds in chlorides, nitrates, 

sulphates, carbonates, etc. Below is the exact analysis of this famous 
spring: 

Chloride Sodium ; 75.6398 grains per gallon. 

" Potassium 2S. 56395 " " " 

" Lithium 0.29386 " " " 

" Magnesia T.31S37 " " " 

" Calcium 74.79091 " " " 

Bromide Magnesia 0.13108 " " " 

Nitrate " 0.17805 " " " 

" Ammonia 0.17193 " " " 

Sulphide Sodium 2.6087;> " " " 

Sulphate Calcium 57.93380 " " " 

" Barium ' 0.15047 " " " 

Phosphate Calcaria 0.24267 " " " 

Carbonate " 40.25091 " " " 

" Ferrous 0.26683 " " " 

" Manganese 0.19911 " " " 

Alumina 0.16679 " " " 

Silica. 0.51319 " " " 

Organic Matters 3.04696 " " " 




Cottages, Sweet Water Springs. 

As will be seen from the above analysis, there is a close correspondence 
between the waters of this iVkesion Spring and the mineral waters of 
Hamburg Kissingen, in Germany, and as the name Akesion intimates, they 
have great healing properties, and act admirably in all diseases of the 
stomach, bowels, kidneys, bladder, and diseases peculiar to females. 

The anlysis of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 125 
SWEET SPRING WATER 

is as follows: 

Chloride Sodium 89.91773 grains per gallon. 

Potassium 3.39796 " 

Lithium (1.04756 " 

" Magnesia 22.29123 " 

Calcium 14.72127 " 

Bromide Magnesia (1.11801 " 

Sulphate Lime 9.4.5713 •' 

Carbonate Lime 9.56312 " 

" Iron (1.56656 " " " 

" Manganese 0.00190 " " " 

Alumina 0.08921 " 

Silica 1.08471 " 

Orcranic matters 4.05300 " " " 




Rustic Bridge, Sweet Water Springs. 

The ingredients of this spring, as given above, differ materially from all 
other known springs, resembling more nearly the ingredients of the King's 
Well at Bath, England, than any of the American or German springs of 
celebrity. The waters of this spring are limpid and have a pure, sweetish 
taste. Their action is strongly diuretic, and have exhibited wonderful 
curative and tonic properties upon dyspepsia, dysentery, diarrhea, diseases 
of the kidneys and urinary organs, and many of the diseases peculiar to 
women. 

These springs will yet be the Saratoga of the Mississippi valley, and 
there is every reason why they should become so. The present Sweet 
Springs Company, composed chiefly of D. W. and Leslie Marmaduker 



126 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

have already expended many thousands of dollars upon the buildings and 
grounds, and are constantly adding to their impro^-ements, beautifying and 
adorning. An elegant hotel, with every modern appointment, is ever ready 
for guests, to which, more recently, a long line of beautiful cottages has 
been added. The health-giving properties of the waters of both the 
Sweet and Akesion springs are far superior to the Saratoga waters, as 
will be evident to any experienced medical man on an examination of the 
different analyses, and they are surpassed by none in America, not even the 
famous Hot Springs of Arkansas. 

The saltpetre cave, to which allusion has been made, is located on Mr. 
Thornton's place on Fish creek. This cave yields pure nitre, but like 
many of the most valuable productions from nature's laboratory in this 
county, has never been utilized. 



GEOLOGY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The geological structure of this county, ascending, is first, Silurian — 
saccharoidal sandstone and Trenton limestone; second, Devonian — 
semi-crystalline limestone, and Cooper marble; third, Carboniferous — 
chouteau limestone; encrinital limestone, Archimedes Hmestone, ferru- 
ginous sandstone and coal measures; and fourth, Quaternar}- — drift, 
bluff or loess deposit, and alluvium of Missouri valley. These lower 
rocks exhibit little evidence of disturbance, and generally have a horizon- 
tal appearance to the eye, except in one locaHty about six miles north of 
Arrow Rock, on the river, where there has e\^idently been an upheaval, 
bringing the saccharoidal sandstone and Trenton limestone above the sur- 
face at the river, while at Arrow Rock below and Cambridge above, the 
lower carboniferous is again seen at the water's edge, which indicates a 
distinct north and south dip from that place. The saccharoidal sandstone 
as it here projects, is known over that region as the " salt 'rock," from 
its resemblance to common salt, is the oldest rock to be seen in the county, 
and this is, probably, the only place where it can be seen. The Trenton 
limestone, which here appears just over the saccharoidal sandstone, is a 
reddish, impure and crystalHne limestone,,full of white quartz and calcspar. 
This and one other, a half mile above, are probably the only out-croppings 

of this rock in the county. 

DEVONIAN. 

Semi-crystalhne Limestone^ is a grayish, granular limestone, presenting a 
rough, irregular fracture, with a semi-crystalline appearance. It may be 
seen in the blufl', about a mile and a half below the mouth of Fish creek, 
section 36, township 51, range 19, where it reposes upon the Silurian rocks. 

Cooler morbic is to be seen in this county on certain of the Blackwater 
blufis, in connection with the Chouteau limestone. It is composed of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 127 

nearly pure limestone, more compact than the Chouteau. As no fossils 

have heen found in this rock, its exact relative position may yet be said to 

be somewhat doubtful. 

CARBONIFEROUS. 

Chouteau limestone is a pure, compact grey limestone, which nearly 
equals the encrinital in thickness. It is generally hidden b}' other carbon- 
iferous rocks, except in a few instances where the streams have excavated 
their beds so as to bring it into view. It is oftenest exposed along Blackwater 
in the southwestern portion of the county, at the mouth of Salt Fork, for 
instance, and in section 32, township 49, range 20, where a bluft' 200 feet 
in height exhibits it, with other rocks above and below^ The bluffs on 
Cow creek and Rock creek also expose this limestone. 

The Encrinital Limestone is immediately above the Chouteau and 
below the Archimedes rock, the most important limestone in this county, 
and is most extensively exposed in the southeastern part of the county. 
About Arrow Rock there are bluffs of it nearly eighty feet in height; 
along Salt Fork it crops out in many localities up to S. 29, T. 50, R. 20, 
and upon nearly all the streams of the county, and in the bluffs of the 
Missouri at Miami, and the Pinnacle blufts. 

The Archimedes Limestone may be seen at many places, but is evi- 
dently not a continuous stratum in this county, as the coal measures are 
often found reposing immediately upon the encrinital. It consists here of 
bluish-gray argillaceous limestone, with layers of blue clay. Its greatest 
exposure may be seen on Flat creek, where it forms bluffs of from ten to 
thirt}' feet in height. 

Ferruginous Sandstone is a fine-grained yellowish sandstone, apparently 
destitute of mica. As coal has never been found below this rock, it most 
probabl}' belongs to the lower carboniferous series. It varies much in 
thickness, and is often wanting. It attains its greatest thickness in the 
bluffs of the Missouri river, T. 52, R. 19, and T. 52, R. 20, forming here 
bluffs of from twenty-five to thirty feet high, and attains probably a 
thickness of about forty feet. 

Coal Measures occupy one-half of the entire area of this county, and 
coal can be found almost everywhere. In some parts the upper coal 
stratum is buried deep beneath heavy deposits of drift and loess, while in 
ver}' many localities the deposit is very light, and in some places the coal 
outcrops at the surface. The coal measures here are, indeed, of such 
varying thickness and depth from the surface that it is difficult to find any 
two points, a few miles apart, w^hich agree in their details, and sometimes 
their differences are so great that it seems impossible to account for them 
in any other way than to suppose that after the deposit of portions of the 
series, oscillations and changes must have occurred by which they w^ere 
exposed to denuding agencies. But there are man}' heavy and rich 



128 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

deposits of coal in different localities, notwithstanding the irregularities 
spoken of above. The thickest and heaviest deposits of coal are to be 
found in townships 49, 50 and 51, range 19, and in township 49, ranges 20 
and 21, though coal is easily found in all the southeastern, southern and 
southwestern and in the northeastern portions of the county. In these 
sections nearly every farmer can obtain coal upon his own farm with a 
little extra labor, and the supply of coal is very nearly inexhaustible. 

Township 49 and range 19, lying within the township of Arrow Rock, 
contains, perhaps, the richest deposit of coal in the county. The stratum 
of bituminous coal in this section varies from two to twenty feet in thick- 
ness, of the very finest quality of coal, and is interspersed in numerous 
places with huge pockets of cannel coal of a quality equalling the famous 
cannel coal of Kentucky. These pockets often present a face of from 30 
to 40 feet of coal. In this region is the famous cannel coal mine on the 
farm of the late Gov. C. F. Jackson, besides numerous others, nearl}^ all 
of them of great thickness, from 10 to 30 feet — of limited extent, and 
most, of them reposing on the lower carboniferous rocks. South of Black- 
water there is much the same coal deposit as that in the region just 
described. Cannel pockets are also here, as is proved by those found on 
the farm of the late C. G. Clark, now worked by Mr. Laner. Coal has 
also been found along the northern edge of the county, near Miami, in 
township 52, ranges 19 and 21. 

QUATERNARY. 
The Drift formation, which is generally found above the coal measures, 
is distributed over Saline county. It lies beneath the loess in certain local- 
ities, but immediately beneath the sub-soils and surface, where the loess 
does not exist. It is composed of beds of arenaceous clays, mingled with 
pebbles and a few boulders. Whitish pipe-clay also occurs in deposits 
near the upper part in many places. These beds of drift may be seen 
along many of the streams, and are often struck when sinking wells. 

Bluff or Loess occurs along the bluffs of the river, and extend back 
over much of the country north and east of Salt Fork — if it occurs on the 
high prairies south of Salt Fork, it is of a character not easily ^distinguish- 
able from the drift formation. The bluffs along the Missouri river are 
largely composed of this loess formation founded on encrinital and Archimedes 
limestones. The looseness and depth of the loess along these bluffs in 
township 52, range 22, are the probable cause of those sharp, high conical 
ridges which are known as the Pinnacle hills, an account of which is given 
elsewhere. The loess deposit here consists of fine light, yellowish and 
argillaceous material, and the same continues 'ten or twelve miles up the 
river, and forms the boundary of the vast alluvial bottom north of the Petite 
Saw Plains. There are, however, no repetitions of the Pinnacle hills, 
there or elsewhere. Back from the river, as already stated, this deposit 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 129 

continues as far as the north and northeast banks of Salt Fork, varying in 
depth from 10 to 50, 60 and even SO feet. The Petite Saw Plains are a 
vast bottom prairie of this same bluff formation in a large measure. The 
soil is made up of sands, clays, vegetable mold — the sand very fine and 
powdery and yellowish brown, the clays bluish brown and marly, the veg- 
etable mold of a dark color, and the whole as rich, perhaps, as any in 
the world. 

The Alluvium^ or alluvial deposits, compose all the large bottoms of the 
Missouri river, being from ten to fifteen feet above the river at ordinary 
stage. These bottoms vary from one to five or six miles in breadth. The 
general aspect is that of a perfect level, but when closely examined, it will 
be seen that they are always a little lower at the bluffs than at the river 
bank, and are nearly all of them subject to occasional overflow. The allu- 
vium according to Prof. Swallow, is composed of black loam, with the 
usual very fine clays and arenaceous materials, soils, sand, cla3''s, humus 
and marls, and are fertile almost beyond compare. All the river bottoms in 
this county are subject to occasional overflow, as already stated, and when 
the floods subside, lagoons, lakes, sloughs, etc., are left full of turbid water, 
which evaporate and deposit their turgid contents until these lagoons and 
sloughs are gradually silted up. 

COAL, BUILDING STONE, LIME, SAND, ETC. 

Saline county presents to the geologist a rich, and comparatively 
unworked field. Its geological history has been but little investigated, as 
compared with other portions of the state. A chapter in the " Geological 
Survey of Missouri, 1855, 1871," by Prof. F. B. Meek, contains much the 
most elaborate and reliable geological researches that have yet been made 
of the county, and from it most of the geological information detailed in this 
chapter has been obtained. The geologist has a rich field yet before him 
here, while the economical geology is both rich and abounding. As has 
already been said, in speaking of the coal measures, coal, that most impor- 
tant of minerals, abounds in this county in quality and quantities that the 
people have not yet comprehended. It is true that the coal strata vary 
greatly in thickness and depth, but over two-thirds of the county rest's upon 
the coal measures, and the supply of coal to be obtained, when the coal is 
systematically mined, will prove inexhaustible. No regular mining has 
ever been undertaken, but each farmer "drifts under," or " strips ofi'" for 
fuel for his own use, and a few of them, by hiring a few hands, supply the 
wants of the villages nearest them. 

The coal is generally of a good quality, and especially of a very fine 
quality in the great coal bed near the town of Arrow Rock. As the can- 
nel coal is always here found in " pockets," there is no method of estimat- 
ing the quantity of it, or how soon the supply may give out. As fuel, or 
for the production of gas, this coal has no superior. It has been thoroughly 
9 



130 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

tested at the St. Louis gas works, and found to furnish abundantly the 
best quality -of gas. It is thought that anthracite also exists, and will yet 
be found in this region, 

BUILDING STONE, LIME, SAND, ETC. 

Building stone of good quality is found in nearly every township in the 
county, and in some of them is obtainable with very little labor. On 
Blackwater and its tributaries, and in other places, excellent building 
material is quarried from the sandstone and limestone of the coal meas- 
ures. As yet, stone has been but sparsely used for building purposes, but 
the day will come when the people of this grandly dowered county will 
wake up from their lethargy, and will begin to utilize this, as well as 
many other sources of unbounded wealth, which remain dormant and 
almost untouched in nature's storehouses. Right at their doors lie quar- 
ries from which the cheapest and best houses may be built — houses that 
will last for ages— but as yet, they prefer to send to the east and north for 
their building material, at the highest prices, and to build houses of wood 
that will, only for a few 3'ears, resist the wear and tear of the prairie winds 
and storms. The encrinitial and Chouteau limestones, as also the Cooper 
marble, which abound in the county, furnish admirable building stone, 
while the lower carboniferous sandstone furnishes an excellent material 
for the building of Macadamized roads, of which there is not one in the 
county. All the limestones of the lower carboniferous, but especially the 
Cooper marble, make an excellent quality of lime. The lime made by the 
Cooper marble is snowy white and admirably adapted to plastering and 
whitewashing — but the people of this county prefer to pay tribute to the 
east for their lime and cement, though it could be obtained better and 
cheaper at home. 

Sand of the finest quality is readily obtained along all the streams that 
flow through the coal measures, and also in man}- localities on the Missouri 
river. Numerous localities furnish an excellent clay for the making of 
building brick, and there is at least one bed of white pipe-clay that would 
make good pottery. 



1 



HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 

FROM PROF. SWALLOW, IN HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 

If we go back to the time when this continent began to emerge from 
the primeval ocean, the geological record will inform us that Pilot Knob, 
Shepherd Mountain, and some of the neighboring heights, were among 
the first portions of land that appeared above the waters. When Pilot 
Knob became an island, there was an unbroken ocean on all sides, save 
an island to the northwest, the top of the Black Hills, a large cluster to 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 131 

the northeast, in New York and Canada, and a smaller cluster to the 
southwest. 

These islands were formed in the Azoic seas by the eruptions that 
forced up the porphyry, granite, the Azoic slates and iron beds of Pilot 
Knob and the neighboring heights. 

In the tranquil cycles which succeeded, the ocean was peopled with 
innumerable species of mollusca, zoophytes, protozoans and trilobites. 
Plants, too, appeared in the waters. But for some reason these animals 
w ere not abundant in the waters about Pilot Knob. 

This is what we call the Ag-e of Molliisksf' and in it were deposited the 
series of magnesian limestones and sandstones so largely developed in the 
southern and eastern portions of the state. In the middle portion of this 
age, mollusks, with conical shells as large as saw-logs, made their 
appearance. 

Towards the close of this age the higher portions of South Missouri 
became dry land, and the surrounding waters were filled with vast num- 
bers of corals, trilobites, bivalve, spiral and conical shells. At the end of 
the Age of Mollusks, the land emerged as high up the Mississippi as 
Louisiana, and the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic were separated by 
a chain of islands along the line of the Upper Mississippi and the great 
lakes and the St. Lawrence. 

The next period, the Age of Fishes, was characterized by tranquil seas 
filled with coral reefs, around which sported the primeval fishes. Huge 
nautili spread their sails over the placid waters, and plants clothed the 
rising continent in green. 

At the close of this age the Pacific retired a little to the northwest and 
left a narrow belt of Devonian rocks along its sinuous shores. 

For many cycles the seas remained tranquil, and continued to be filled 
with fishes, corals, stone lilies, trilobites, star fish and algae, while the vast 
beds of carboniferous limestone were deposited. Reptiles and insects 
appeared upon the land. But towards the close of the period turbulent 
times intervened. Rocks were broken up, rounded to boulders and peb- 
bles, or ground to sand, and drifted to the sea and piled into vast beds, in 
the central portions of the Mississippi valley. 

St. Louis now rose above the waters and formed a' peninsula which had 
its connection to the south with the older part of the continent. A shal- 
low bay extended around St. Louis to the north and west. It widened out 
over all the coal regions of Illinois and Kentucky, and out into the Pacific 
through St. Charles. All northwest Missouri and the coal regions of 

*This term is used in the older works; but in all the recent geological text books and 
standard authors the " Age of Mollusks " has been changed to " Age of Invertebrates," 
because it had many animal forms that were not mollusks, although it had none that were 
vertebrates, or back-boned animals. See geological chart on page 67. 



132 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Arkansas and the Indian Territory were covered 
with warm, shallow waters, steaming under the rays of a tropical sun. 

A hot atmosphere filled with vapor and carbonic acid nourished the 
rapid growth of trees, ferns, lepidodendrons,sigillaria and other plants in vast 
forests. Steaming marshes, fens and lagoons abounded. These lands were 
many times raised and submerged, and the forests swept away into vast beds, 
which formed the coal deposits over more than 100,000 square miles in 
the states above named. The turbulent waters deposited the clays and 
sands intercalated with the coal beds. Clear tranquil waters returned, filled 
with fishes, mollusks and corals, and the limestones of the coal measures 
were deposited. 

Such changes followed each other in some twenty successive courses, 
revolving through the vast C3Tles of the age of plants. 

At the close of this period the Pacific had retired westward to Sioux 
City and Manhattan ; the Gulf of Mexico extended up as high as Cape Girar- 
deau; and a part of Scott county was a large island. 

During the succeeding age of reptiles, while the vast saurians, like the 
zeuglodon, were sporting in the waters that covered the lower Mississippi val- 
ley, and the flying pterodactyli were flapping their wings over the shores of 
the Pacific, in Wyoming and Colorado, Missouri was quiescent, producing 
her quota of animal and vegetable life. 

In the succeeding age of mammals, Missouri remained as before, but 
the regions bordering on the Gulf of Mexico and those on the upper Mis- 
souri and westward to the Pacific, underwent various depressions and ele- 
vations by which several dynasties of wonderful animals were buried in 
the rocks which now contain their remains. At the close of this vast 
period the continent assumed its present form, with some unimportant 
exceptions. The Gulf of Mexico still extended above the mouth of the 
Ohio. Our large rivers had cut their present channels to depths vary- 
ing from 100 to 500 feet, and in width from one to ten miles. Mighty 
waters poured over the solid strata and wore for themselves these vast 
channels to the sea. 

But a change came over the continent. Some mighty power of water 
or ice, or both, swept over the surface, grinding the softer rocks to 
atoms, and rounding the harder into pebbles. Vast boulders were 
moved hundreds of miles and dropped in strange places. 

Another change, and a large part of the upper Mississippi and the lower 
Mississippi valleys were covered with a vast fresh water lake. The land 
was covered with forests similar to our own. The land and waters were 
peopled with many of our present races of animals. The squirrel ate the 
same mast, and the deer ate the same herbage as now. But the huge ele- 
phant and mastodon were then lords of the soil. The bluff formation 
was deposited in this lake. Another change, and the lake was gradually 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 133 

drained and the waters subsided to the channels of the rivers.' The cur- 
rents of the great rivers were sluggish, they were spread from blufi' to 
bluff, and the bottom prairie was deposited, covering the valleys of our 
great rivers. 

Again the level changed, the great rivers became more rapid, and cut 
their present channels in the bottom prairies. 

The alluvial deposits were formed, the gulf was driven back to its 
present limits, the swamp countr}^ was added to our state, the soil was 
formed, and Missouri v^'3.sjinished. The Age of Man commenced, and the 
geological record gave place to [written] history. 

[This brief but beautiful sketch of the changes undergone in pre- 
paring our state and county for the abode of man, would be incomplete 
without the following testimony by the same pen, in regard to " develop- 
ment," or " natural selection," with which it closes.] 

But in this countless array of animals, whose orders and genera and 
species have come and gone through the vast cycles since Pilot Knob 
announced the rising continent, among them all, do we find one species of 
animal developed from another? Nay, verily. 

Species come without progenitors, maintain their identity for countless 
ages, and utterly perish, leaving nothing developed to call them ancestors. 

But have not the species, and genera, and orders, improved by tiatural 
selection ^^ Not at all. 

When we examine through their whole existence, they degenerate 
rather tham improve. In some instances they do improve for a time; but 
in all instances they retrograde again, and finally perish miserably. 

The trilobite was one of the first animals that appeared in the primeval 
ocean; he lived through the entire Palgeozoic period. They sometimes 
improved and sometimes degenerated; but finally they dwindled down to 
a few insignificant species, and utterly perished. 

The trilobite stood at the head of the primitive orders. He had the 
world for his field, and all time was before him. He perished by no 
catastrophe; and yet, natural selection did not improve him, much less 
save him from utter extinction. 

At the close of the Age of Mammals, the elephant and mastodon were 
at the head of the order on this continent. They had space enough, 
climates enough, time enough, and none to molest or make them afraid; 
and yet natural selection did not save them. They dwindled away and 
died out. 

The genus Cyrtia and the species S'pirifer Cameratus, and a thousand 
others, might be named to show that natural selection, where it had the 
widest field, the longest time, and the most favorable circumstances, failed 
utterly to make [or develop] a new species. Such, at least, is the testi- 
mony of the rocks of Missouri. 



134 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ARCHAEOLOGY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

In many portions of the North American Continent, but especially that 
part known as the great Mississippi valley, along the Mississippi, Mis- 
souri and Ohio rivers, are innumerable monuments which attest the former 
residence of some ancient but partially civilized races of people, which 
have long ago disappeared utterly from the face of the earth, leaving no 
history, except what may be gathered from these monuments, and not 
even a name behind them. There are more or less distinct traces of vil- 
lages, towns, and even large cities yet to be seen, and evidences of culti- 
vated lands, which attest beyond a doubt that comparatively dense 
populations were once collected along the rivers of this great valley, 
whose customs, modes of life and institutions were ver}?^ far superior to 
those of the Indians who were found in possession of the country by the 
white men from Europe. The evidences of a superior social state are 
numerous; and scattered all over the west, especially among the mounds 
and fortifications of Arkansas and Missouri, and of this vast population, 
generally now called the Mound-builders, New Madrid, in Missouri, 
would seem to have been the center. The labors of the archaeologist 
have enabled us to arrive at something like a connected history of these 
long-vanished people; to look in upon their modes of life and domestic 
scenes, their method of burial and gropings concerning a future exist- 
ence, and their ceaseless struggles, like man in all ages, for the means of 
daily subsistence. Two things, however, seem lost never to be recovered 
— their name and their language. For ages they flourished in the great 
valley, lived, grew wealthy and civilized, until at length, as seems to be 
history in all ages and in all quarters of the globe, they were driven out 
from their country and their homes by a stronger, fiercer and more bar- 
barous "people from the north," who came and occupied. They do not 
seem to have been conquered, and to have remained as a vanquished peo- 
ple, but to have been literally driven out, and to have departed toward the 
south by a universal exodus. 

The general similarity, with only enough of exception to prove the gen- 
eral rule, demonstrates the fact that the people covering this vast region 
were one and the same race, having the same manners, customs and lan- 
guage, and one religion common to all. Their religion was the worship 
of the sun, as the great central Deity or representative of Deity. 

The state of Missouri presents as rich an archeeological field as any por- 
tion of the Mississippi valley, and many monuments of this vanished race 
are to be found in the county of Saline. 

The mounds of the Mound-builders are heaps of earth or stone of vari- 
ous dimensions and every imaginable shape. In size they vary from four or 
five feet in height and eight or ten in diameter, to ninety feet in height and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 135 

eight hundred in diameter; they are round, square elliptical, conical, and 
many of them shaped like birds, beasts, instruments, and some even have 
the human shape. In every case where they have been investigated they 
contain human bones, besides every variety of stone and pottery imple- 
ments. There is a tradition, (but it is only tradition, and shadowy at that) 
that man}^ hundreds of years ago the Lenno-Lenape (who are said to have 
been the remote ancestors of the Delaware tribe of the Algonquin family 
of Indians) resided in a far distant part of the northwest, determined to 
emigrate to the east in a body and after a long journey and many halts 
(often of long periods of time) they reached the Mississippi river where 
they were joined by the Minquas, who had also emigrated from a distant 
country. They found the country east of the Mississippi inhabited by a 
very powerful nation called by themselves the Allequi, who were remark- 
ably tall and stout, and even had giants among them, and had their habi- 
tations entrenched by regular fortifications. 

The Lenno-Lenape desired to settle in the country of this people, but 
were only permitted to pass through to the further east. They began 
to cross the Mississippi, when the Allequi became alarmed and attacked 
them. A great battle ensued in which many were killed on both sides. 
A long war followed, and at length, the Allequi, finding themselves too 
weak to continue it, and that the Lenno-Lenape were bent on their exter- 
mination, fled in a body down the great river, and settled the country 
afterward occupied by the Natchez, whose ancestors they were. 

This is mere tradition, but the evidences are sufficient to suggest to us 
that mighty nations with various degrees of advancement, have from time 
to time occupied the Mississippi valley, empire succeeding empire, rising, 
falling and disappearing, corresponding to the early changes in Asia and 
Europe. The earthen mounds, whether constructed for fortifications, 
observations, temples or tombs, exhibit little art, though immense labor. 
The pottery so often found in these mounds, is generally made of clay, 
with a considerable intermixture of sand, sometimes flinty and sometimes 
calcareous, but generally of a whitish color. The earth-works found 
along the Missouri river are manifestly of a defensive character, and gen- 
erally crown the summits of steep hills, and consist of an embankment 
and exterior ditch. 

On the Missouri river, near the Pinnacles in Saline county, in section 19, 
township 52, and range 21, and section 24, township 52, range 22, in the 
field of Mr. Edward Casebolt, there is one of these old forts, in which 
have been found at various times human bones, entire skeletons, jaw-bones, 
and leg-bones, much larger than those of men at the present time. This 
field of Mr. Casebolt's, and also that of Mr. Richard Williams, contains 
numerous mounds. West by southwest from this old fort in the Pinnacles 
are to be seen a series of conical shaped mounds, varying from three to 



136 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

seven feet in height, and having a circumference of from fifty to one 
hundred feet, which evidently, (as well from the remains found as from 
their conical shape), belong to Jthe sepulchural class of mounds . Many 
specimens of pottery have been found here — jars, double-handled jugs, 
very similar to those used in early times in eastern countries. One human, 
skull was here found with an arrow point sticking in it, entering about the 
center of the frontal bone. An iron crown was also found here, indicat- 
ing that, somewhere in the far shadowy past, ro3-alty dwelt in these fair 
and favored regions. Pikes, hatchets, axes, and clubs of stone and iron, 
have here been picked up, and arrow points in great abundance. Mortars 
and pestles, not for the compounding of drugs and medicines, but for the 
preparation of food, were found near this old fort, but made of a peculiar 
stone that does not belong to this region. Many have been led to believe 
from the vast quantit}- of human bones found in this vicinit}^ that there 
was either a common burial place here, or that once a great battle was 
fought in this locality in which the slain were numbered by the thousands. 
Indeed these mounds are to be found, at intervals of a few yards to a mile, 
all along the high ground bordering the adjacent river bottom. 

The mounds of the Mound-builders are to be found in almost every part 
of the county, on the bluffs of the streams. They are by no means con- 
fined to the Pinnacles, though the most important of them are probably 
there. These mounds all antedate the recollection of the Indians who 
were found here by the first white men. They told the earliest settlers 
that they were utterly ignorant of the origin of them. They abound all 
along the river bluffs, from Arrow Rock up. Near Arrow Rock a jaw- 
bone was found, that, uJDon close investigation, was determined to have 
belonged to a child not over ten years of age, yet it was fully as large as 
the present adult jaw-bone. How it was determined that the wearer of 
the jaw-bone was only and exactly ten years of age, is not recorded. The 
pottery found in these mounds is very similar to some made by the Pueblo 
Indians in New Mexico. 

THE OLD FORT ON THE "PINNACLES." 

This structure, elsewhere alluded to, is situated in section 24, township 
52, range 22. It crowns the summit of one of the " Pinnacles," and com- 
prises an area of perhaps six acres. In a complete sense it is not at all a 
fort; it is merely a breastwork of an irregular elliptical form, made to 
conform to the topography of the land it encloses. The ground slopes 
from the breastwork or embankment on every side but one — that next the 
main land. This sloping, in nearly every part, is quite steep, and the crest 
of the Pinnacle is several hundreds of feet above the main land below. 
Immediately at the foot of the Pinnacles is the Missouri river bottom, along 
which, or over which the river ran at the time the fort was built. Upon 
the eastern side of the works a narrow neck of level ground leads to the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 137 

main land; and at one place on the side next the river there is an inclined 
plane leading down to the bottom. This plane is not covered with trees 
of any considerable size or age, alt hough the surrounding land is heavily 
timbered. 

Very many descriptions of this so-called "fort" have been written, and 
very man}' theories of its origin and purpose advanced; but all of them 
in all reasonable probability, have been inaccurate. The examinations 
seem to have been cursory and very imperfect. At the time they were 
made the site of the fortification was covered with timber and underbrush, 
and could not be carefully inspected. Prof. G. C. Broadhead, a learned 
and accomplished scientist, in the Western Science Review, June, 1878, gave 
the following description of the " fort :" 

In 1872 I visited an interesting locality in Saline county, about four miles 
southwest of Miami, where were observed ancient earthworks, walls and 
ditches, on a high ground in a dense wood. It approached a circular form, 
though of quite irregular shape, caused by ravines breaking oft' near the 
periphery, the walls becoming re-entrant at such places. The space 
enclosed was about forty acres, around which there extended three ridges 
and two valleys or depressions, the remains of former ditches. Two 
ridges extended entirely around the enclosed area, and apparently were 
formed of the earth excavated from the ditches, and are about three feet 
above the bottom of the ditches. They have undoubtedly been much 
higher, the ditches correspondingly deeper, at some former period in the 
remote past. No rocks were seen by or in the inclosure. Black oak trees 
from three to five feet in diameter were noticed as growing over the walls 
and ditches and the inclosed area of the entire space was covered with a 
dense growth of bushes, vines and trees. In the neighboring fields human 
bones, spear heads and fragments of pottery have been plowed up. I, 
myself, observed in the neighborhood many fragments of pottery, with 
arrow and spear heads of flint. 

It will be observed that the learned professor puts the area of space 
enclosed at '■forty acres," the number of "ridges" as he styles the embank- 
ments, at three, two of which "extended entirely around the enclosed area." 
The professor's examination was hastily and imperfectly made. He 
examined but one side of the fortification, at a point where there were 
three ridges, two of which were well defined and longer than the third. In 
point of fact but one of these ridges is over fifty feet in length! A heavy 
rain was approaching at the time of the professor's visit, and in company 
with his guide, Dr. Dunlap, of Miami, he soon left the field. Seeing three 
ridges at the point he examined, he concluded that they extended entirely 
around the ground of the fort, circumscribing an area of "forty acres," ten 
times the real size. 

Dr. Dunlap, the gentleman alluded to as Broadhead's companion, is him- 
self a gentleman of no mean attainments as a geologist and archaeologist. 
The doctor had given the "fort" the best examination he could, and written 
several descriptive articles for the press in which he gave a description of 



138 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the fortification somewhat similar to Broadhead's, and advanced the specu- 
lation that the works were those of the Mound-builders. 

Latterly the site of the fort has been cleared of timber and brush and a 
considerable portion of it cultivated, at least one crop of corn having been 
raised by a negro whose house is near by. It is quite an easy matter now 
to view the shape and peculiarity of the fort as they probably were. The 
investigation by the writer discloses that the fort is as described in the 
beginning of this article. 

Its origin is probably as follows: About the year 1720 the French 
ascended the Missouri and established forts and trading posts at different 
points on the river. This was one of them. The breastwork bears every 
mark, almost, of comparatively modern origin. In some places it has 
been washed down; in others it is quite well preserved, and here are to 
be seen angles in the manner of modern fortifications. Upon the side of 
the works where the neck joins, connecting with the main land — the only 
place where the works could be readily reached by an attacking force — 
are two large piles of earth, the remains, no doubt, of a bastion erected 
to defend the approach. At the point where the inclined plane slopes 
down to the old river-bed, no breastwork seems to have ever been made. 
This was doubtless to allow passage to and from the river. Near the 
center of the ground is a pile of earth thirty feet long and not so wide, 
and at one corner of this elevation the writer and other representatives of 
the publishers of this work, accompanied by Dr. Dunlap, discovered an 
abandoned well, nearly filled, but yet quite well defined. It is circular in 
shape and yet about four feet in depth. A stick thrust into it was made 
to penetrate very easily a distance of many feet, while but a few feet 
away it could not be sunk but a few inches. The trees mentioned by 
Prof. Broadhead have since his examination been cut down. Not one of 
them exceeded four feet in diameter, and a careful examination and close 
counting of the rings of growth show that the age of none of them is 
more than a hundred years. Not a particle of pottery, not an arrow-head 
or lance-head, not a mound, or any other indication of a Mound-builder 
or any sort of pre-historic origin has ever been discovered. A few years 
since, however, a cannon-ball was found by Mr. J. A. Lewis within the 
limits of the fortification. 

The occupants of this fort, whoever they were, and whenever they lived 
there, were undoubtedly among the first whites that were ever in Saline. 
To be sure they were not settlers, in the correct sense of the term, and 
yet they were inhabitants. Just when they were here can never be deter- 
mined; but it is reasonably certain that it was near the year ITi^^n. They 
may have been here contemporaneous with Renault's men, and abandoned 
their fort when Ft. Orleans was built; or they may have been here before, 
and left the place when they heard of the approach of the Spanish expe- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 139 

dition from Santa Fe. Whenever the place was evacuated it would seem 
that the block houses and other buildings inside of the breastworks were 
burned, for this is what the character of the soil composing the heaps 
before mentioned indicates. In these views generally Dr. Dunlap, for- 
merly a believer in the theory that the works were those of the Mound- 
builders, now concurs. 

The "old fort on the Pinnacles," is fast disappearing from human sight. 
It is rapidly being converted into a cornfield. A vandal "of African 
descent " is leveling its walls, dismantling its escarpments, destroying its 
bastions, and filling up its moat and ditches, in order that the entire site 
may be made to serve his base uses as a "truck patch." These pages 
will be read by some when there will be no sign or token of the old fort — 
when, where once it stood will be waving corn and golden grain and all 
the accompaniments of agriculture and a time of peace and plenty. 

In the northeast part of the county the mounds seem to be in parallel 
ranges from southeast to northwest, the ranges being about six miles 
apart, with great variations in the distance between the mounds. The 
ranges extend, some of them, from the blufts into the interior. They were 
precipitous on the northwest side, sloping gradually to the southeast. 
There is one very large mound on Morrison's place where the old Glasgow 
and Marshall road entered the bottom, 10 to 15 feet high and 200 feet in 
circumference at base, and 20 feet at cone. Very large oak trees are 
growing on these mounds, and one 18 inches across on the one on Morri- 
son's place. In digging a grave to bury old Mrs. Williams, in one of these 
mounds, pottery was dug up, but nothing to indicate that Indians were 
buried there. 

These Mound-builders — so man}' traces of whom are to be found in 
Saline county, as well as in all parts of the Mississippi valley — who were 
they? Where did they come from? And what became of them? These 
are questions that must ever be the subjects of conjecture and speculation, 
and can never be positively determined. It is impossible, in a local work 
like the present, to give the many different theories, and the different argu- 
ments by which they are supported. That the whole of this great valley 
was once, in the far distant past, the empire of a vast population, whose 
civilization was far above that of the tribes who were found here by the 
Europeans, there is no doubt. At what period of the past they flourished 
it is impossible to determine, except that it was many, many centuries 
before Christopher Columbus first found his way to the west. The ten- 
dency of great migrations is always from the north to the south; and the 
most reasonable theory of the origin of this Mound-building race is that 
they came from the northern races of Asia, crossing high up, where the 
distance between the continents is comparatively small. That the mound- 
building race or races obeyed the usual law and disappeared to the south. 



140 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

may be set down as almost certain, while the most probable theory is that 
the Aztecs of Mexico were the last remnant of this ancient civilization. 
The existence of the Mound-builders, their undoubted partial civilization, 
and the deep obscurit}- which clothes their history, presents no obstruct- 
tion to the Christian religion, and no stumbling block to the enlightened 
Christian. The Christian scientist, says Prof. Conant, pursuing his inves- 
tigations, regardless of all dogmatic theories concerning divine revelation, 
and bringing, at last, all right results of his work to the subjective light 
of that old, old record, which, thus far, they have onl}- served to glorify, 
discovers now and then the golden key, by which the sublime and occult 
truths condensed in its sententious statements ma}- be unlocked, and the long 
aeons understood, which are comprehended in the evening and the morn- 
ing of the creative days. 



THE FIRST WHITES IN THE COUNTY. 

In the year 1720, Philip Renault, a son of a celebrated iron founder of 
France, established a fort on the Illinois bank of the Mississippi river, 
about ten miles above the town of St. Genevieve. He had been appointed 
by the king director-general of the mines of the French possessions in 
America, and left France the previous year with two hundred artificers and 
miners, well provided with tools and appartus and whatever else was con- 
sidered necessary to develop the supposed innumerable mines of gold and 
silver believed to abound in Missouri and Arkansas. In his passage to 
America, Renault touched at the Island of San Domingo and purchased 
five hundred slaves for the purpose of doing the "heavy" mining work. 
The fort which Renault established was named Fort Chartres. From 
this fort he dispatched parties of miners to "prospect" for silver and gold 
at different times and in different directions, but chiefly as to the former 
the same season of his arrival, and mainly as to the latter west of the Mis- 
sissippi river. 

One of these prospecting or exploring parties of Renault's penetrated 
into the interior of the present state of Missouri certainly as far west as 
Lafayette county, and remained for some time in the southeastern part of 
this county, being engaged in digging for the precious metals. They 
seem to have made considerable effort in this direction, for man}^ of their 
shafts were of quite a depth in 1812, and can still be seen, although over- 
grown with trees and shrubbery, and partially filled with soil subsequently 
formed. 

These "diggings" of Renault's men are in Black Water and Salt Fork 
townships, on the Black Water river, and here was where white men first 
stepped upon the soil of Saline county. Furthermore, it may be claimed 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 141 

that these were the first settlers, and these the first settlements in the county 
made by white men. 

Proofs of the presence of Renault's men in Saline, while not as "strong 
as those of Holy Writ," yet exist. Failing to find anything valuable in 
the line of minerals except lead and iron ores, he established furnaces for 
smelting the former, and sent a report of the fact to his government. In 
Williams' Life of Thos. Jefferson appears a letter from the distinguished 
statesman, written in 1803, about the time of the Louisiana purchase, and 
in reference to that scheme. In this letter, speaking in regard to the 
immense value of the territory sought to be acquired, Mr. Jefferson says : 

* * * * "That there is immense mineral wealth in the territory 
of Louisiana is a fact well established. More than eighty years ago valu- 
able minerals were found to exist as far west of the Mississippi river as 
one hundred and eighty miles northwest of the town of Saint Genevieve^ as 
appears by reports made to the regent of France by M. de Renault." 

" One hundred and eighty miles northwest of the town of St. Genevieve " 
would be about in Black Water and Salt Fork townships. Saline county. 
Renault could make no report to his king of the existence or non-existence 
of mineral here, unless he was in possession himself of reports on the 
subject, which reports, it is reasonably certain, he obtained from one of his 
prospecting parties, that dug the holes yet to be seen on the Black Water. 
How long Renault's men remained on the Black Water, is not known. 
From here they went on the Tebo, in Lafayette county, where it is said 
traces of their presence have been discovered, although it has hitherto been 
believed that the Spanish were the authors of the work there done, as well 
as that done on the Black Water, in this county. 

The "old fort on the Pinnacles" and its occupants, receive attention else- 
where in this volume. 

From time to time parties of French and Spanish explorers and traders 
passed through the county, and it is said that evidences of their encamp- 
ments in the county were plain about the year 1812. 

Near the site of one of these supposed camps, not far east of Miama, a 
son of Mr. Ingham found a very old French coin but a few years since. 
And in the neighborhood of the old fort on the Pinnacles, there was found 
in an early day pieces of crockery resembling the queensware of to-day. 

The next representatives of the Caucasian race to visit Saline county, of 
which there is certain knowledge, were the members of Lewis and Clark's 
expedition sent out by President Jefferson, in 1804. Very soon after the 
acquisition of the Louisiana territory, Mr. Jefi:erson projected an expedition 
to explore the newly acquired district from the mouth of the Missouri to 
its source and thence across to the Pacific ocean. The president's private 
secretary. Captain Merriwether Lewis, then but thirty-one years of age, 
was given command of the expedition, with Captain William Clark, of the 



142 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

regular army, as second in command. The company consisted of nine 
young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers, two Canadian voyageurs or boatmen, 
a hunter, and Captain Clark's negro servant. In May, 1804, this expe- 
dition passed up the Missouri along Saline county, and two years after- 
ward, or in September, 1806, passed down the river and through Saline 
county, reaching St. Louis, and terminating the expedition on the 23d of 
the month. 

Captain Lewis was the second governor of Missouri territory — then 
called Louisiana territory — and Captain Clark the fourth. Lewis com- 
mitted suicide in 1809, w^hile passing through Tennessee on his way to 
Washington. Clark was appointed governor in 1810 and served until 
Missouri was admitted into the Union, in 1821. He died in St. Louis, in 
1838. 

In the year 1807 a company of traders with head quarters at St. Louis, 
sent Captain George Sibley, of St. Charles, to establish a trading post 
within the present boundaries of Saline county. The site chosen, after a 
careful survey of the country was where the town of Arrow Rock now 
stands. Here Captain Sibley erected quite a substantial building of logs 
a story and a half high, with one door and no window, which could be used 
for a trading house and converted into a fort or block-house at a minute's 
warning. Sibley had with him a clerk, an interpreter, one or tw'O assist- 
ants, and his family. The trading house had no windows and no side 
openings save a door and numerous port holes. Sibley was agent for the 
Sacs, Foxes, lowas, and Miamis. Upon the breaking out of the war of 
1812 he returned to St. Charles or to St. Louis, and it is believed never 
after came to the county. Sibley's house stood on the bluff, some say 
upon the present site of High street, and others say a mile north of the 
towm. 



THE PIONEER. 

Lo! here the smoke of cabins curled — 
The borders of the middle world; 
And mighty, hairy, half-wald men 
Sat down in silence, held at bay 
By savage kindred. Far aw^ay 
The redmen's boundless borders lay; 
And lodges stood in legions then. 
Striped pyramids of painted men. 
What stout, uncommon men were these! 
These settlers hewing to the seas. 
Great horny-handed men and tan; 
Men blown from an}' border land; 
Men desperate and red of hand; 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 143 

And men in love and men in debt; 
And men who lived but to forget; 
And men whose very hearts had died, 
Who only sought these woods to hide 
Their wretchedness — and hid in vain! 
Yet every man among them stood 
Alone along the sounding wood; 
And every man somehow a man, 
A race of unnamed giants these, 
That moved like gods among the trees, 
So stern, so stubborn-browed and slow, 
With strength of black-maned buffalo; 
And each man notable and tall, 
A kindly and unconscious Saul, — 
A sort of sullen Hercules. 

■K- * * * 

They pushed the mailed wood aside. 
They tossed the forest like a toy, — 
That great forgotten race of men. 
The boldest band that yet has been 
Together since the siege of Troy — 
And followed it, and found their rest. 
-X- * ■* * * 

Oh, bearded, stalwart western men! 

So tower-like, so Gothic built. 

An empire won without the guilt 

Of studied battles — this hath been 

Your blood's inheritance. Your heirs 

Know not your tombs. The great plow-shares 

Cleave softly through the mellow loam 

Where you have made eternal home, 

And set no sign. Your epitaphs 

Are written in furrows. * * * 

Oh, sires and mothers of my West! 

How shall we count your proud bequest? 

But yesterday you gave us birth. 

We eat your hard earned bread to-day, 

Nor toil, nor spin, nor make regret, 

But praise our pretty selves and say 

How great we are ! and all forget 

The still endurance of the rude. 

Unpolished sons of solitude ! 

— yoaquin Miller. 



144 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



ACTUAL SETTLEMENTS. 



The first settling of Saline county was by settlements. Eligible loca- 
tions were discovered, and half a dozen or more families, usually from the 
same district in Kentucky or Tennessee, would congregate together. 
This was for the reason that not only was life more enjoyable by the means 
afforded for social intercourse, but it was necessary, in order that the set- 
tlers might be the more able to defend themselves from attacks by hostile 
Indians by banding together. In union there is strength, and the early 
settlers of Saline practiced the precept thoroughly. 

From Cooper's and Howard's forts numerous small hunting expeditions 
had crossed the river to the Saline side and explored the territory . These 
expeditions invariably reported that, save along the river and its tributa- 
ries, the country was almost worthless; that it was largely destitute of 
timber, and consequently could never be worth much either for hunting 
or agricultural purposes; that, although there seemed to be plenty of 
^ame there then, it was undoubtedly only there temporarily, attracted by 
the salt springs, and would soon go back to its natural haunts in the tim- 
bered regions of the country. It must be borne in mind that even in this 
year of grace, A. D. 1S81, according to statements of reliable persons, 
who speak understandingly, there is at least three times as much timber 
in the county as there was in 1815, notwithstanding the improvement and 
" clearing " that have been done. 

Notwithstanding the unfavorable report given by the Joshuas who were 
sent to " spy out the land " across the "Jordan " of the west, many of the 
settlers of the Boone's Lick country were attracted westward to it, and 
soon began to organize settlements and begin to possess the land. The 
first of these settlements was 

THE SETTLEMENT ON COX'S BOTTOM. 

Above the " Arrow Rock," as it was then spoken of, and opposite from 
Cooper's fort, in Howard county, on the north side of the river was, in 
the early part of the present century, a considerable expanse of fine bot- 
tom land, covered with a heavy growth of timber and abounding in game, 
which was called Cox's bottom. 

Jesse Cox was a native of Madison county, Kentucky. He left that 
state in an early day and settled in Illinois. Afterward he came to Mis- 
souri, and located in the settlement on Loutre Island, in the Missouri, 
below the mouth of the Gasconade. In 1810, about one hundred and fifty 
families left the island, under the leadership of Col. Benjamin Cooper, 
and came to the Boone's Lick country. Cox's family was one of these. 
The same year he crossed the river to the Saline side, and, according to 
J. R. Letcher, built a cabin and cleared a "patch" of land. The follow- 
ing year he removed his family to his new home, to which he was accom- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 145 

panied by his son-in-Iavv, William Gregg (pronounced by some old settlers 
Grag). Cox's cabin stood in the upper end of the bottom. It was built 
of unhewn logs, was about sixteen feet square, a single story in height, 
had a clap-board roof, a fire-place built of undressed stone, cemented with 
mud and topped by a mud-and-stick chimney, and both the floor and the 
door were made of roughly hewn puncheons. Both cabin and garden, 
as well as the "truck patch" adjoining, have long since disappeared; for 
over the site where once they stood the mighty Missouri rolls on its way 
to the sea, and has rolled for many lustrums of years. 

During the next two years or more — that is to say after the breaking 
out of the war with Great Britain, in 1812 — Cox was frequently " run in " 
to the forts on the opposite side of the river, by the savage Indian allies of 
the British. He always kept a sharp look-out and escaped danger quite 
frequently. The settlers across the river tried to induce Cox and Gregg 
to remain with them, at least until the war was over, but the latter had 
eluded the savages so often that they had no fear of them, and grew to 
imagine that they could not be harmed by their crafty foes, whom they 
considered less crafty than themselves. But, alas ! the pitcher went to 
the well too often. 

The Indians, who were either Sacs, Foxes, lowas or Miamis, were very 
numerous and annoying. About the year 1813, Wm. McMahan, then 
living in Fort Cooper, crossed the Missouri to this side to hunt. Not far 
from the river, just out from Cox's bottom, he shot a fine buck. He was 
in the act of cutting the animal's throat, when he was fired upon by an 
Indian. The ball struck his shot-pouch and luckily stopped among the 
other bullets. The operation of butchering the stricken deer immediately 
ceased! McMahan caught up his gun, which had not been reloaded, and 
started for his canoe and Fort Cooper, with the Indian in hot pursuit. In 
the race for the river McMahan won. He jumped into his canoe and was 
a considerable distance out in the stream when the savage reached the 
bank. The latter fired at McMahan, but missed, and McMahan was soon 
at Fort Cooper relating his adventure, and declaring that there was plenty 
of game on the other side of the river, some of which a w4iite man might 
hunt, and some of which would hunt a white man ! 

It seems that no attempt was made to setde the bottom until after the 
war, besides that of Cox and Gregg, save by William and Frank Cooper, 
who were cousins, and who crossed in the year 1813, and made " clear- 
ings " near Cox and Gregg. 

In Christmas week, 1814, the little settlement was attacked one after- 
noon by a band of Sac and Fox Indians. That morning the Cooper 
boys had started on an exploring expedition to " the mountains." It is to 
be regretted that no very full account of the afi'air can be given. The 
particulars do not seem to be remembered alike by the old pioneers. Mr. 
10 



146 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

J. R. Letcher took great pains to get at the exact facts, but his labors 
were illy requited. This much is certain: The Indians killed William 
Gregg, Cox's son-in-law, and destroyed the settlement. One account is 
that Gregg was shot down in his own door-yard and dragged into the 
house by the women, who barred the door against the savages, and held 
them at bay until relief came from Cooper's Fort. The other and more 
probable story is that Gregg had gone out from the house to drive in 
some calves, when he was shot and tomahawked by the Indians, who 
came on to the house, robbed it, and carried Miss Patsy Gregg, daughter 
of Wm. Gregg, away with them as a prisoner; that Cox was also from 
the house at the time, but returned in a short time and sounded the alarm 
to the fort. A party was soon organized at the fort and hurried in pursuit of 
the savages. The latter crossed the Missouri, and the party from the 
fort overtook them on the Chariton river, in what is now Chariton county, 
and recaptured Miss Gregg. 

She was on horseback, seated behind an Indian warrior, to whom she 
was tied by^ne hand. The horse they were riding lagged behind all the 
rest of the party, by reason of its extra burthen. Miss Gregg was con- 
stantly looking back, hoping to see some friendly rescuing party. At last 
she discovered some horsemen, and with her freed hand motioning to them 
to be cautious and careful, she prepared to escape. She waited until the 
white men were within fifty yards of her, when with her unbound hand 
she suddenly' seized the Indian's knife, drew it from its scabbard, cut the 
thongs which bound her other hand and sprang from the horse's back to 
the ground and into the brush at the side of the trail — all this in almost an 
instant. As soon as Miss Gregg alighted, the pursuing whites fired at the 
savages, and the latter retreated with great precipitation. Miss Gregg 
was soon in the hands of friends, and speedily carried back to the fort, 
where she was joyously received by the inmates, who, while sorrowing 
over the tragic death of her father, were glad to know that his daughter 
had escaped from a fate worse than death. 

The very excellent memory of Mr. Jesse McMahan, one of the oldest 
settlers of the county now living, is authority in part for the latter version 
of the story of the attack on the settlement in Cox's bottom. Other old 
settlers remember to have heard the particulars from the lips of the 
pioneers when they were alive, substantially as here given. 

At all events, Cox remo\'ed to the fort, where he remained until the close 
of the war, when he returned with his family to the bottom. 

Cox is described as a muscular man, weighing about ISO pounds, with 
dark complexion, hair, and eyes. " He was a man of but few words," 
says one who knew him. " He had a quiet, Quakerish look," says another. 
It may here be remarked that when a pioneer had black hair and eyes, 
and a "quiet, Quakerish look," he "wouldn't do to fool with," as the 






HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 147 

darke}' remarked of the 120-pound cannon. Cox sold out in 1818, and 
settled in Terre Bean Grove, (now called Tebo or Tabo) in Lafayette 
county, where he died. 

In June, 1816, Daniel Thornton, Isaac Clark, and William Clark set- 
tled with their families in Cox's bottom. They were from Tennessee. 
They had made a wearisome, toilsome voyage of twelve weeks in a keel- 
boat, propelled, as circumstances demanded, by oars, poles, sails and cor- 
dcUc. Following these, from the same state, and in November of the 
same year, came Henry Nave, Abraham Nave, John Thornton, Jacob 
Nave and William Collector, with their families. They made the jour- 
ney all the way by land. There was no road worthy of the name between 
St. Charles and Boone's Lick, and they lost their way. They experienced 
much difKculty in getting through by reason of high water, and, their pro- 
visions running out, they suffered some from hunger. Subsequently Fred 
Hartgrove, who had been engaged in running a ferry at the Arrow Rock, 
John Hartgrove, and James Sappington joined the settlement. 

Daniel Thornton was a native of South Carolina, and grew to manhood 
in that state. He was born October 26, 1788, and died August 31, 1855. 
His wife was a sister of Henry and Isaac Nave. Their step-mother 
changed the name from Nave to Neff, as it is now generally written and 
known. 

The settlers in Cox's bottom were mostly East Tennesseeans. It was 
said that every man in the bottom, when asked where he was from, would 
answer: "Old Tennessee — Cocke county — Kit Boler's mill, on Big 
Pigeon, where there's better whisky and purtier gals than anywhar else in 
creation ! " They were universally brave and warm-hearted, hospitable 
and jovial. 

Soon after the settlement got under headway its members were nearly 
all taken sick. The miasm of the Missouri was very abundant and very 
noxious. Chills and fever, or "the shakin' ager " prevailed almost univer- 
sally, and fevers, from the intermittent to the deadly typhus, were frequent. 
Doctors and medicines were hardh" to be had, and there was considerable 
suffering. Many a settler, as he sat in his cabin, shaking with ague, or lay 
burning with fever, heartily wished himself back among the green hills 
and the pure air of old Tennessee. Nearly all the settlers moved away 
— either up the river to the Big bottom, or across into Howard count}'. 
Some of them went up and settled in Clay county. 

In September, 1820, Isaac Neff, a Mr. Neal, one Ekel, Abraham Neff, 
and a Mr. Hill arrived at the bottom. HilFs wife was with them. The 
party was from Cocke county, Tennessee, and had come all the way in a 
keel-boat built by the Nefi" brothers, and laden with a cargo of iron cast- 
ings, brandy and whisky. The boat was forty or flfty feet in length. It 
was "cordelled" all the way up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. 



148 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

When this party arrived there were in the settlement Jacob and Henry- 
Nave (Neff), Fred Hartgrove, and two or three other families. The set- 
tlement now became identified with the history of the county in general, 
and does not need separate or especial mention. 

The second wagon or wheeled vehicle ever brought into the county was 
by Henry Nave to Cox's bottom, in 1816.* It was of the very old fash- 
ioned kind, with wooden axletrees, a stiff tongue, and a very capacious 
bed, turned up behind and before, and resembling the hull of an old 
schooner. Nave lived in this wagon until he built his cabin. The first 
orchard ever planted in the county was also planted in this settlement, by 
Henry Nave, on section 13, township 50, range 19. He brought some 
apple and peach seeds with him from Tennessee, selected from the best i 
orchards there, put them in a gourd filled with earth and kept it near his 
fireplace through one winter. The next spring there were some young 
sprouts, which were set out and ultimately became a first-class orchard. 

Mr. Nave and Daniel Thornton are entitled to the distinction of having , 
raised the first crop of wheat in the county, which was sown on the first t 
piece of prairie ever ploughed in the county. They sowed about three i 
pecks of seed and harvested twenty bushels. This was in the year 1819. . 

Previous to this experiment the opinion prevailed that the prairies could 1 
never be successfully cultivated. Indeed, this opinion has obtained long i 
since that date. At one time application was made to congress for the 
donation of one entire township of land for experimental purposes, to test 
whether or not the prairies could be profitably cultivated, by first ascer- 
taining if timber would grow in the soil; for it was held that nothing ben- 
eficial could be raised where timber would not grow. The first settlers 
in this county, and, indeed, throughout Missouri and the entire west, 
when they first came to the country, avoided the prairies as "bad lands," j 
and plunged into and settled in the thickest, heaviest bodies of timber they: 
could find. A farm would never be good for anything, they argued,! 
unless it was made by clearing the land of thick, heavy growths of tim- > 
ber, burning the logs and brush, grubbing, etc. For in this way had they 
seen farms made in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Indiana and Pennsyl- 
vania. They would not settle on the best body of prairie land that lay / 
under heaven's canopy. 

Thornton and Nave's experiment was known of far and near. Its suc- 
cess was a thing of great marvel. It was a subject of comment in that 
city of St. Louis, then a town of a thousand or more inhabitants, but the 
metropolis of the far west. "The prairies have actually been cultivated ! 
They return a yield of twenty fold ! Well, there is no telling what a day / 
or Missouri soil will bring forth!" 

*Thos. Keeney had passed through a few days before on his way up the river with the( 
first wagon. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 149 

[ From Cox's bottom the first exports of produce from the county were 
imade. In the fall of the year 1820, Henry Nave, Jas. Sappington and 
John Hartgrove built a queer craft by making two dug-outs of cotton- 
wood logs and fastening them together — a sort of catamaran — loaded it 
with bacon, floated down the river to St. Louis, bartering along the way. 
Not finding a ready market for their cargo at St. Louis, the party pro- 
ceeded on down the Mississippi to Herculaneum, where they sold out. 
Returning, they traveled on foot to Washington county, where they pro- 
cured horses. One of these soon died, and Sappington and Nave " rode 
and tied" time about, until they arrived at home. The whole trip occu- 
pied about three weeks. There is something of a contrast between the 
manner in which Mr. Henry Nave conducted a traffic in provisions, and 
that now pursued by his son, the head of the extensive house of Nave, 
McCord & Co. 

SETTLEMENT OF THE " BIG BOTTOM." 

In the fall of 1815, James Wilhite and Wm. Hayes came from West 
Tennessee to Cooper's Fort with wagons containing their families and all 
their household goods. On the road from St. Charles to the fort they ran 
out of provisions, and lived on parched corn. They were warmly wel- 
comed at the fort, and well provided for. Mr. Wilhite told Mr. Jerrold 
Letcher that during the winter of 1815—6 he and Hayes crossed the river 
and explored the country on this side to find homes for themselves. In Octo- 
ber, 1816, they moved over with their families and settled near the lower 
extremity of the "Big Bottom." Mr. Wilhite's house was on section 19, 
township 51, range 18, and Mr. Hayes' on section 18 of the same town 
ship and range. Their camp fires were the first that ever blazed on those 
sections, save those made by the Indians. They did not succeed in com- 
pleting their cabins in time to be fully prepared for winter, and they and 
their families suffered greatly in consequence. 

On the 1st of January, 1817, Charles Lucas entered the southwest 
quarter of section 18, township 51, range 18. This land is in Clay town- 
ship, about a mile from the Missouri river, and is now owned by A. 
Miller, Bettie Wilhite and J. P. Duncan. 

Peter Lausson entered all of section 19, township 51, range 18, on the 
4th of April, 1817. This is also in Clay township, and occupied now by 
J. Thornton, P. Thompson, E. P. Colt and others. 

Lucas formerly lived at New Madrid, and being driven away by the 
great earthquake, settled his land on a " New Madrid certificate." Laus- 
son was a Frenchman, and also from New Madrid. 

Some time in the year 1817, George Tennille, afterward county judge, 
entered, on a New Madrid certificate, a tract of land in section 4, town- 
ship 51, range 18. Tennille entered this land on a certificate owned by 
himself and one owned by Charles Castonget. Portions of this land 



150 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

were afterwards settled by Robert Stone and other parties. Stone lived 
thereon in 1818. Tennille sold part of the land to Duff Green, who in 
turn sold to Wm. Job, the date of the latter sale being September 18, 
1818. "Gen." Duff Green was afterward known throughout the United 
States as the 'editor of the Washington Telegraph, at Washington, the 
personal organ of Gen. Jackson. This tract of land was long -Ago 
washed into the Missouri, and indeed but a small portion of the section 
now remains. 

Wm. Kincheloe came to the county in 1817, and settled on the "Big 
Bottom." 

In the fall of 1817, Jacob Ish came into the settlement. The new col- 
ony had now a population of near three hundred. There had been a 
large immigration from Indiana and Kentucky the previous summer, and 
to use the words of Mr. Wilhite, as reported by Jerrold Letcher, the 
cabins stood along the river "just far enough apart to enable the women 
folks to raise chickens," from near Glasgow to where Cambridge now 
stands. 

The settlers were in a certain sense communists. Their work was 
largely on the co-operative plan. They cleared and fenced in a large 
field, which they divided into lots, without any partition fences, whereon 
each man planted his crop. The entire settlement contributed toward 
making the "big field," as it was called. It contained at first but about 
forty acres, but it grew u^til at last it contained as much as a thousand 
acres, if not twelve hundred. Each settler was entitled to cultivate what 
he cleared, and helped to fence — that is, made rails for, etc. 

Mr. William Hayes took the first wagon into the Big bottom. It was 
a rather shackly affair, and would hardly compare with the Studebakers, 
the Schuttlers, or the Mitchells of to-day. The women walked and car- 
ried their babies in their arms, and assisted in driving the few head of 
stock during the day, when on their way to the settlement, and upon 
camping at night built the fire and prepared the evening meal. To them 
belongs fully as much credit for the settlement of this county as to the 
men. They endured all the privations of pioneer life with scarcely a 
murmur, and performed their part of the labor incident to the develop- 
ment of the county willingly, and even zealously. 

The country abounded with all sorts of game, and wild meat of some 
kind was always to be found on a pioneer table. In the interior of the 
county, near and at the Salt Springs, were always bufialo, although not 
in large numbers. Elk were not very rare, while deer, turkeys, raccoons, 
opossums, squirrels, rabbits, etc., were so plentiful as almost to be had for 
the taking up anywhere. The hollow trees in the woods either contained 
raccoons or honey. The few hogs in the settlement ran wild, as did the 
cattle. The former fed largely on the wild potatoes, which grew very 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 151 

abundantly. These animals were brought over from Cooper's fort, and 
occasionally they were known to swim the river and return to their old 
haunts. In the first settlement hogs were very scarce. Henry Nave 
had none; but his wife had a side-saddle which she had brought with her 
from Tennessee. He heard that a young man across the river, in Howard 
county, desired a side-saddle, and would trade some young hogs or 
"shoats " for it. Nave crossed the river on the ice, with the saddle and 
traded it for five little shoats, which he brought home with him. In 1876, 
when he told this to Jerrold Letcher, Mr. Nave said: " And my smoke- 
house has never been without hog-meat since." 

It was almost impossible to raise hogs and sheep when the county was 
first settled, and it was difficult to rear cattle. The woods were infested 
with wolves, catamounts, panthers, and bears, and they evinced a decided 
fondness for beef, pork, and mutton au naturel. Eternal vigilance was the 
price of pork and beef in those days. However, this state of affairs did 
not last long, and bacon soon became a leading article of export. 

In the fall of 1816 a drove of elk, numbering about 30, crossed the river 
above Arrow Rock. They had been chased by the Howard county 
settlers and were met by the hunters of Saline, some of them killed, and 
they turned down into Cooper county and recrossed the river, swimming it 
in both instances. Some of the men from the Big bottom managed to 
secure a carcass or two of these animals. 

In the latter part of the summer of 1816, a bee-hunting party was 
organized at the Big bottom. Mr. Hayes, Daniel Thornton, Wm. Mc- 
Mahan, and James Wilhite composed the party. They took a canoe and 
went up the Missouri, landing at the Little Rush bottom, below Frankfort. 
There they found a number of bee-trees and plenty of honey. They had 
ajoUy time. They were gone just a week and got 58 gallons of pure 
strained honey. They left seven fine bee-trees standing for the benefit of 
the next hunting party. 

An incident connected with the arrival of Jacob Ish in the Big bottom 
is worth preserving. Mr. Ish arrived in the fall. The long bottom grass, 
taller than a man on horseback, was dry and sere, and would burn 
readily. He had driven his wagon into the tall grass, and made his 
camp. He turned his horses out to graze, and that night they strayed 
away. The next morning, accompanied by his son, Mr. Ish started in 
search of them. He had not long been gone when suddenly six painted 
Indians appeared at the wagon, and began talking wildly and gesticulating 
alarmingly to and at Mrs. Ish. The poor woman was frightened, and did 
not know what ihey meant. Directly she saw a volume of black smoke 
rising in and approaching from the west. Still she did not know what to 
do. Then the Indians caught up fire-brands, and, setting fire to the grass, 
soon had quite an area burned over. Into this cleared place they rolled 



152 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Ish's wagon, and removed all his other property and his family. Hardly 
was this done when the conflagration was upon them ; but the fire passed 
them by on either side, and there was not even the smell of fire upon their 
garments 

Mrs. Ish was so overjoyed at the deliverance of herself and her chil- 
dren from what would have been a most horrible fate, that she gave her 
dusky but noble deliverers the last bit of tobacco her husband had; and, 
when Ish returned and found what had happened, he shook each Indian 
heartily by the hand, and told him to consider him his best friend forever. 
The Indians remained firm friends of the family ever after, and visited 
Ish's cabin frequently, where they were always welcome. It is said that 
Ish afterward bought them a whole caddy of tobacco, of which they were 
very fond. 

In the summer of 1826 came the "big rise" in the Missouri. The 
water covered all the bottoms to a depth varying from three to ten feet. 
Cox's bottom was entirely submerged, all but about half an acre. The 
Big bottom was also almost completely overflown. This did great dam- 
age, and caused many of the settlers to remove to higher ground, and 
thereafter to avoid the bottom. As the water subsided there was a great 
deal of malaria, and much sickness and suffering resulted. 

The first birth of a white child in the county was in the Big Bottom. 
It was a daughter, born to Jacob Ish and wife, some time in the year 
1817. She was taken back to Tennessee by her mother's sister, and 
there grew to womanhood and married. 

The first mill in the county was established in the Big bottom in 1817. 
It was situated about a mile below where Cambridge now stands, on a 
little branch called Shockley's branch. It was run by horse-power, and 
merely ground the corn and wheat of the settlers; it had no bolting 
apparatus. The pioneers came to this mill not unfrequently a distance of 
thirty or forty miles. Clark, its founder and proprietor, is said to have 
been a " reformed preacher." 

Prior to the establishment of this alleged " mill " the settlers depended 
mainly on their mortars and pestles for meal, or upon a mill across in the 
Boone's Lick settlement. This latter establishment did a rushing busi- 
ness. Like Clark's, it w^as a " horse mill " — run b}^ horse powder. The 
settlement, becoming tired of pounding corn, sent Jacob Ish to this mill, 
once on a time, to get some meal ground. He crossed the Missouri at 
the Arrow Rock, and encamped in the bottom on the opposite bank, in 
company with a number of other settlers from diflerent parts of the 
country en route for the Boone's Lick mill. The night w^as spent very 
agreeably around the camp-fires, telling stories of encounters with Indians 
and wild beasts, of adventures in the war of 1812, etc., and in listening to 
the spirited music of a violin. There were two or three good performers 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUxNTV. 153 

on the instrument, and some of the members of the camp were limber as to 
legs and frisky as to heels. A few " pigeon wings" and " double shuffles" 
were executed in admirable style, to the great admiration of the look- 
ers-on. 

The next morning camp was broken up early and the settlers started 
for the mill. Many of them had brought corn and shelled it in the wagons 
as they traveled. Upon reaching the mill it was found to be thronged 
with customers, many of whom had been there a week, patiently waiting 
their " turn." The mill ran night and day. About four hundred yards 
awav was a cabin in which a very inferior article of corn whisky was dis- 
pensed. Ish and party visited this establishment, and its occupants, on 
learning their business, said to them: 

"Good Lord! You won't get your grinding for a month. Better fix 
to camp, or else go back home!" 

Mr. Ish had came forty-five miles, and did not propose to have all his 
trouble for nothing. He kept away from the grog-shop, and very wisely 
made friends with the miller's wife! He found some men who had been 
waiting their turn for two weeks, but he trusted in the Lord and the 
spouse of the jolly miller. Behold the sequel. The same night a man 
whose "turn" had come had gone to the grog-shop, and was oblivious to 
the fact that he had come to mill at all, or that corn had any use save to 
be liquified by a certain process, and made to possess certain properties. 
The miller's wife persuaded her husband to give Ish the " turn" of the 
boozy settler, and the next morning by nine o'clock he was on his way to 
the Big bottom in triumph, with forty bushels of unbolted meal in his 
wagon for himself and neighbors. 

The pioneers of the Big bottom, and of Saline county generally, were 
people mostly from the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Vir- 
ginia, and accustomed to frontier life from youth. For the most part they 
were hunting people, and did not care much about acquiring extensive 
tracts of land, or raising large crops, or becoming farmers with no other 
avocation. They raised just as much corn as they thought would serve 
for the use of their families in furnishing bread and mush, and enough 
vegetables to give variety to their dinners of game. They raised almost 
everything they ate; they manufactured almost everything they wore. 
Their smoke-houses were always well supplied with meats of various 
kinds, and honey of the finest flavor, and after the first year or two there 
was always plenty of meal in the chest, and butter and milk in the cellar. 
Very little coft'ee and sugar were used, and tea was almost unknown. The 
family that had coffee once a week — Sunday morning for breakfast — were 
considered " high livt^rs." 

The settlers would hunt and trap, and secure furs and peltries, which 
they would exchange for powder and shot, and hunting knives for them 



154 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

selves, and cutlery, scissors, needles, thread, and a few simple articles for 
the use of the women. These latter articles were very rare. At this day 
the widow of Gov. M. M. Marmaduke, now residing in Saline county, 
retains a vivid recollection of searching for two or three days for a brass 
thimble she lost when she was a young miss in this country. The intrinsic 
value of such an article now-a-days would be about two cents, yet then it 
represented goodness only knows how many muskrat skins. 

Their dress comported well with their style of living and their circum- 
stances. The male portion were clad chiefl}'^ in buckskin. A hunting- 
shirt was generally worn, made of this material, as were the pantaloons or 
"leggings." An inner shirt was worn, sometimes of linsey, or flannel, or 
even cotton, but more commonly of nettle linen. A 'coonskin cap, with 
the tail hanging down the back, and a pair of moccasins, completed the 
apparel. Sometimes a dandy of the settlement made his appearance, 
arrayed in a suit of Kentucky jeans with a woolen hat, leather shoes, and 
prouder than Solomon in all his glory. As the settlement grew older, 
shoes, made by themselves, of home-tanned leather, were substituted for 
moccasins. The tanning was done in a trough dug from the trunk of a 
tree, and by a decoction or preparation of oak bark. 

The women at first prepared a linen from the bark of nettles, which 
grew abundantly in the bottoms and on the islands in early days. The 
fibers were prepared similarly to the way in which flax is treated. The 
nettles were cut, spread out upon the ground, rotted by the fall and winter 
rains, and the next spring "broken," "scutched," hatcheled, spun and 
woven. It answered very well in the place of flax. This, mixed with 
cotton, furnished the material out of which their wearing apparel was 
chiefly made. After a time every family raised a small patch of cotton, 
which the women picked, ginned by hand, carded, and spun. They went 
barefoot in the summer, and in the fall and winter wore on their feet 
either moccasins or shoes made of home-tanned leather. When they 
could procure enough calico to make, for themselves, caps to wear upon 
their heads they were happy, and the woman who could wear a dress 
made entirely of " store-goods " was the envy of dozens of her sisters. 

Old pioneers say that buckskin makes a very fair article of clothing, but 
it has its drawbacks, or rather, its draw-w/5, for when buckskin gets wet 
it shrinks or contracts. Oftimes a pioneer went out to hunt with his 
pantaloons of proper length, and having to wade through streams or wet 
grass, came home with the bottoms of his nether garments nearly up to 
his knees. In such a case, the next morning, before the rest of the family 
arose, he would take them out of doors, and, fastening one end or them to 
the logs of the cabin or to a sapling, would take hold of the other end and 
stretch them back again to their proper length. 

The settlers did not seem to desire great riches, neither did "vaulting 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 155 

ambition " trouble them, or breed any discomfort or dissensions. The 
planting and hoeing of the corn-field, the chase, the hunt, bee-hunting, the 
shooting match — matters of this sort engrossed their time and their 
thoughts. They concerned themselves but little with either politics or 
religion. They were not irreligious to any distressing extent, but churches 
did not exist then, and preachers were few and scattering. Whenever 
religious services were held anywhere in the country within a reasonable 
distance they attended, taking their guns with them, and paid close atten- 
tion to what the preacher said. But occasions of this kind were rare. ♦ 

About the middle or latter part of September the men would go down 
to Old Franklin, St. Charles, Booneville or St. Louis, trade for ammuni- 
tion, etc., get their guns put in order, and upon returning home prepare 
for the annual fall hunt. By the fall of the first white frost they were 
ready to set out. On these occasions they would be absent some weeks, 
and always returned with their canoes and pack ponies laden with the 
finest and choicest trophies of the chase to be obtained. Buffalo, elk, 
bear, and deer meat were brought back in great abundance, and there 
was always honey enough to fill all the gums and spare household vessels 
in the settlements. The smoke-house was uniformly well filled with veni- 
son and other choice wild meats, and though he might suffer other ills, the 
settler was able, after the first year or two, to snap his fingers at want and 
bid defiance to famine. 

In 1819 there was a great deal of sickness in the settlement. Nearly 
every one was prostrated by some kind of ailment. The prevaiHng diseases 
were occasioned by the malaria of the bottoms. There was great distress,, 
and the settlers long remembered that season. All left the settlement that 
could, and went to Howard county and elsewhere, and some never 
returned. Many sold SO acres of partially improved land for an apology 
for a wagon and an insignificant pony or two in order to be able to cart 
away the wi|e and wee-weans to a place of safety. Many more would 
have gone, if they could have disposed of their little property, but they 
could find no one to purchase it, for in those days markets were not to 
be found for such things as the settlers had. Emigrants had previously 
bought something from them as they passed through on their way farther 
west, but now emigration had ceased. Corn rotted in the fields and pens,, 
bacon spoiled in the smoke houses, cattle and hogs strayed away into the 
woods and became wild — what the bears, wolves, and panthers left of 
them. In portions of the bottoms the rushes grew so rank and luxuri- 
antly that near the ground they could be found green, tender, and nourish- 
ing even in midwinter, and cattle could live from fall till spring without 
much feed from the hands of their owners. One spring a settler slaugh- 
tered a bullock, which had run wild the preceding winter, and lived on 
rushes and wild-pea vines, that weighed over 1,100 pounds net. Had it 



156 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

not been for this fortunate and bountiful provision of nature, almost all the 
stock of the settlement would have been lost. 

There was no crime in the Big bottom until the year IS"! 9. One of the 
settlers was regarded by his neighbors as no better than he should be, but 
nothing criminal was ever alleged against him until the year mentioned. 
Two young fellows, claiming to be from Arkansas, came into the settle- 
ment " hunting work." The settlers could atibrd to hire but little labor, 
and they were not given employment at once — although it is doubtful if 
they really desired it. They resorted to the house of the settler under 
suspicion and made it their abiding place during their stay in the bottom. 
One of the settlers had five fine horses. The suspicious character and 
the two "Arkansas travelers " were missing for a day or two — and so 
were three of the horses. The citizens were loth to believe that the ani- 
mals had been stolen, and that the three men referred to were the thieves, 
until the conviction forced itself upon their minds. It was ascertained that 
the rascals had departed with their plunder for Arkansas. Some of the 
best patrollers of the settlement were sent in pursuit, and followed the 
thieves for some days, but the track, in hunters' parlance, was very " cold," 
and the most of them soon returned. Three or four of the patrollers, 
however, went on to the White river, in Arkansas, where they captured 
two of the thieves and horses, and brought them back to the bottom. 
The thieves were tried by an improvised court, convicted and sentenced — 
not to the penitentiary, but to be soundly whiffed. The sentence was 
thoroughly executed, and the rascals left the country. 

THE SETTLEMENT OF EDMONDSON'S BOTTOM. 

The first settler in this locality was he for whom it was afterward 
named— Richard Edmondson, a native of Madison county, Kentucky, 
who settled and built a cabin, and made a clearing on a New Madrid 
claim, located by General Thomas A. Smith, being section 34, township 
53, range 20 — Jefierson township. Just at what time Mr. Edmondson 
came to this bottom is not certainly known, but it must have been prior to 
November, 1816, for at that time he sold his cabin and " truck patch " to 
Abel Garrett and then removed farther west. Garrett was originally 
from Loudon count}^ Virginia. In 1817 Garrett was joined b}- Adam 
and William Hopper, Daniel Stout, John Young, George Yount, Thomas 
and Daniel Tillman, Richard Cummings, Mr. Rucker, Thomas Rogers 
and others, who improved and cultivated the " big field," an enclosure of 
one hundred acres, and cultivated as was the one of the same name in Big 
bottom — that is to say, in common by the settlers. 

In the spring of 1818, Wm. J. Wolfskill left Howard county and came 
into this settlement. At first he joined in tilling the " big field," but after 
one crop he opened and settled on a farm out on the prairie, where he 
lived for the next fifty years. Mr. Wolfskill was originally from Madison 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 157 

county, Kentucky. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, being a mem- 
ber of Colonel — afterward Vice-President — R. M. Johnson's regiment of 
Kentuckians, and fighting, among other occasions, at the battle of the 
Thames, in Canada, where Tecumseh was killed, and where Gen. Harri- 
son gained such a decisive victory over the British and Indians. He was 
a thorough pioneer, and well conversant with all the details of frontier life. 

About this time, that is to say, shortly after the settling of Wolfskill, — 
there joined him James Burlison, Wm. McDaniel, Rice Downey, the 
Browns — ^James, Henry and Coger — Jas. Wells, Uriah Davies, Jas. Wil- 
kinson, and Isaiah Huff. In 1819, came Jonathan Harris, with his sons, 
Timothy and William, and Mrs. Wheeler, with her sons, Samuel, Wil- 
liam, and Alfred. Mrs. Wheeler was the widow of Thomas Wheeler, a 
gallant Kentuckian, who had fallen under the cruel knife of the crueler 
savage, in " Dudley's defeat," on the river Raisin, in southeastern Michi- 
gan, during the war of 1812. Wm. Ish, Jas. Kuykendall, and Samuel 
Duckworth came about the year 1820. Of these settlers, Cummings^ 
Rogers, and McDaniel were Tennesseeans; Davis, the Harrises, and 
Wheelers were from Kentucky; the Tillmans, the Hoppers, and Young 
were Virginians. 

All of the settlers were hunters of greater or less degree; but William 
Hopper, Cummings, and Rogers were proficients. The accuracy of their 
shots was as remarkable as their frequency. It is said that Hopper sel- 
dom killed fewer than three deer a day, even when these animals had 
become scarce. Cummings and Rogers hunted bear together, but on one 
occasion Cummings' gun was accidentally discharged, the ball striking 
Rogers in the knee, inflicting a painful wound. "After this," said Rogers 
to his companion, " when zuc hunt 'bar,' by golly, /'// go it alone!" 

Like the other bottoms, Edmondson's contained plenty of rush and pea- 
vine pasturage, and aflbrded fine range for stock, both summer and winter. 
Cattle and hogs " boarded themselves " during the winter, and came out 
looking fat and thrifty in the spring. The soil was exceptionally produc- 
tive, and furnished corn, beans, potatoes, etc., in abundance, and of good 
quality. At quite an early day, flat-boats and keel-boats took cargoes of 
produce, as well as other commodities, from the settlement — bacon, corn, 
potatoes, furs, peltries, etc., — down the river to St. Charles, St. Louis, 
Herculaneum, and other points on the Mississippi below. 

In this settlement Laban Garret claims he taught the first school ever 
taught in Saline county. In 1876, Mr. Garrett stated to Mr. Jerrold Letcher 
that this school was taught in the year 1817, in the cabin built by 
Edmondson, and previously described. There were many children in the 
settlement and Mr. Garrett had a flourishing school, which lasted more 
than four months. The terms of tuition were $1 per scholar per month, 
payable in any sort of currency or commodity recognized by the com- 



15S . HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

munity as " le^al tender." This included gold, silver, corn, potatoes, 
beaver, 'coon, and other skins, days' labor, and, it may be, something else. 
At the close of Garrett's school the settlers gathered in, and there was a 
barbecue and a grand good time generally. The school closed in the 
latter part of the summer of 1817. Garrett at that time was a spry and 
spruce young man of 20 years, and regarded as a personage of some dis- 
tinction and consequence, because he could teach school. According to 
Mr. Garrett, the second school taught in the county was by Mr. Rogers, 
in the Big bottom. 

Edmondson's bottom was not without ministers and religious services 
either. Revs. Smith and Hancock, Presbyterians, expounded Calvinism 
and predestination; Rev. Harris, Methodist, proclaimed free grace; Long- 
don, Chism, Scott, and Rogers, Baptists, lifted up their voices in the 
wilderness, cried aloud, and made straight the paths of those who were 
to come after them. Subsequently came Trap and Day, "Schismatics," 
who created quite an interest, not to say excitement, in the vicinity of 

High hill. 

SETTLEMENT OF THE MIAMI BOTTOM. 

In 1815 the Miami bottom was occupied by a band of Indians of the 
Miami tribe, some of whom, after their overwhelming defeat by "Mad" 
Anthony Wayne, in Ohio, in 1T91, had come west to grow up with the 
country. Their fort and village stood immediately on the bank of the 
river at the foot of the bluffs, near where the Marshall and Brunswick 
road crosses the discharge. From this tribe of Indians the rich bottom 
on the Missouri in the northern part of the county and the thriving town 
of Miami take their names. The bottom is fully the equal in fertilit}' and 
general excellence, except in extent, to that of the same name in the state 
of Ohio. 

In the year 1815 the Miamis had left their fort and village and gone 
into camp for the summer in a grove about one mile and a half east of the 
present town site of Miami. At this time a band of Sacs and Foxes 
came down from the north and attacked the white settlements in Howard 
count}'. The}'- succeeded in shutting up the settlers in the forts and car- 
rying oft' considerable plunder left outside. The Sacs and Foxes retreated 
through the camp of the Miamis, and stopped and sold to them much, of 
the property they had captured and stolen. The settlers found this out, 
and many of them believed the Miami's had a hand in the attack on the 
settlements, and that, notwithstanding their professed friendship for the 
whites, they were really in league with the Sacs, Foxes and lowas, and 
had done even more than to " give aid and comfort to the enemy." Their 
property was in the hands of the Indians, that was certain, and they 
believed that there was but one way in which it could get there. 

The Miamis had about three or four hundred warriors in good fighting 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 159 

condition, and there were only about two hundred and fift}- " men of 
valor " in the settlements. It was a hazardous experiment, therefore, to 
undertake a forcible recover}^ of their property, and so Uncle Sam was 
called upon for assistance. Major, afterward General, Henry Dodge was 
sent up to Boone's Lick with a battalion of regulars to make an attack 
on the fort and village of the Miamis, and not only recover the property 
taken from the settlers, but punish the savages for their rascality as well. 

Dodge was joined at Boone's Lick by two hundred and fifty mounted 
riflemen under Col. Benjamin Cooper. Dodge assumed command of the 
expedition by virtue of his rank and position. The command crossed the 
Missouri at the Arrow Rock, swimming their horses, and followed the 
old Indian trail up to within the vicinity of the Miami fort, when it halted, 
and began to arrange for an attack upon the tortification with all the 
"pomp and circumstance of glorious war." An assault was made, the 
works scaled, and the fort captured in gallant style — but not an Indian 
could be found! Every Miami was down in the grove, serene and happy 
and wholly unconscious of what was taking place at the fort.* 

The whereabouts of the Miamis was soon discovered by some friendly 
Shawnees, who had accompanied the whites, and they at once surrendered. 
They said they had purchased the property claimed by the whites from 
the other Indians, that they were "innocent purchasers for value," and 
denied that they had joined in or aided and abetted the attack on the white 
settlements. The mSn from Boone's Lick immediately recognized several 
articles in the Miami camp as belonging to them, and began to take pos- 
session of them. Major Dodge commanded that this sort of proceeding 
cease, and that the articles must be restored in quite a different manner — 
by an investigation, etc. The pioneers despised any sort of red-tape pro- 
ceeding, and refused to obey. Dodge called out his regulars to reforce 
his authority. Whereupon Colonel Ben Cooper drew his swor d, and 
taking Dodge by the collar with one hand, with the other lifted his weapon 

and said: "By G , sir, if you attempt to enforce that order, your head 

will fly oft' your shoulders like pop-corn oft' a hot shovel!" 

Other officers interfered, and the aftair was quieted and arranged to the 
satisfaction of all concerned. But the men fj'ovi Boone's Lick got the 
;p7'operty. The Indians protested that they were guilty of no intentional 
wrong, but very many disbelieved them, and this was one reason that led 
to their removal not long afterward. Subsequent developments showed, 
however, that they were as innocent as they claimed to be. The Sacs 
and Foxes had visited and attacked the settlements, secured what prop- 
erty they could and returned through the camp of the Miamis and traded 
it to them on terms very advantageous to the latter. 

*Some accounts are to the etfect that the Miamis had been apprised of the approach of 
the whites, and had abandoned the fort to avoid a conflict with them. 



160 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

It is not certain where the Miamis were removed to. The "Annals of 
the West " (1840), says they were " taken back to the rest of the tribe, in 
the Wabash country." Many old settlers declare that they went west, 
reserving the right to return and hunt in Saline county, from time to time, 
which they often did. 

Gen. Henry Dodge was afterward United States marshal for Missouri. 
In the Black Hawk war he was the principal commander of the Ameri- 
cans, and it was he who fought the most of the battles of that war. He 
was an old resident of Missouri, but settled in Wisconsin, and shortly after 
the admission of that state into the Union he was elected United States 
senator. He served in the senate with his son, Gen. A. C. Dodge, then 
senator from Iowa, the only instance on record where father and son were 
at the same time members of that body. 

Prior to the year 1817, no permanent settlement was made on the 
Miami bottom by white men. John Ferrill, and his son Henry, had 
trapped beaver and otter along the river, and many a time had camped 
temporarily on the bottom, but no actual settlement was made until the 
year named, when John Cook and family settled about one and a half 
miles northeast of Miami, being section 33, township 52, range 22. 

Soon after, or perhaps not until 1818, came Samuel Perry, Wm. Clem- 
mons, Thomas Clemmons, Henry Ferrill, John McMahan, William 
McMahan, and Robert Patrick. The first settlers in the bottom were all 
Kentuckians, and as a consequence, were all hospitable, manly, generous 
and brave. 

August 10, 1819, Wm. Miller, a Virginian, entered the southeast quar- 
ter of section 35, and July 6th, Wm. Renick entered the west half of the 
southeast quarter of section 33, township 52, range 22. May 14th, of the 
same year, Miller entered the northwest quarter of section 10, township 51, 
range 22. June 10th, Louis Rees entered the southeast quarter of section 
13, township 51, range 22. July 16th, Wm. Renick entered the east half 
of southeast quarter of section 8, and the northwest quarter of section 4, 
townhip 51, range 22. Miller was never an actual settler. He was a spec- 
ulator. During the 3'ear 1819, in addition to the tracts of land already 
described, he entered considerable portions of sections 1, 2, 3, and 4, in 
township 51, range 22. January 15, 1819, A. L. Langham entered the 
east half of the northwest quarter of section 9, township 51, range 22. 

Other entries and settlements were made from time to time, and upon 
the organization of the county this settlement contained a considerable 
population. Mr. Robert Patrick was the contractor for supplying the 
western parts with beef. He was faithful and honest to a phenomenal 
extent for a government contractor. He swam his cattle across all the 
streams from the Missouri river westward, frequently when it was dan- 
gerous to do so. He was the contractor from 1817 to 1826. He owned 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 161 

about 1,000 acres of land in the bottom, where he collected and herded his 
cattle until ready to deliver them. The other settlers were farmers and 
hunters mostly, at first. 

About the 16th of December, 1837, a notable and tragic incident 
occurred, to which the settlers always reverted with sorrow, mingled with 
horror. On the evening named John McMahan and Perry Harris, who 
were running the ferry at De Witt, then as now, a small town on the 
north side of the river, started to cross over to their homes on the Saline 
county side. McMahan was running the ferry for Rev. Eli Guthrie, a 
Cumberland Presbyterian minister, who lived in De Witt. Harris was a 
young man, aged about nineteen, and boarded with McMahan. The 
river was running with ice, which was "gorging" at some point below. 
The boat in which the men were to cross was a fiat-boat, capable of car- 
rying across a team, at any rate. It was propelled by oars and poles. 

As the undertaking seemed to be an extra-hazardous one, Rev. Guth- 
rie urged McMahan not to attempt to cross the river that night, for in 
addition to the difficulties mentioned, the weather was extremely cold and 
growing colder. But the two boatmen had had much experience with 
the old Missouri, and scouted the idea of danger. Rev. Guthrie was so 
impressed with the thought that there was danger, that he followed 
McMahan and Harris to the water, and entreated them to remain. They 
would not listen to him, and launched away. A few yards from the 
shore they became entangled or fastened in the almost solid mass of mov- 
ing cakes of ice, some of which were very thick. The boat became 
unmanageable and floated down the river at the mercy of the current. 
Seeing their predicament, Mr. Guthrie and some other parties followed 
along the bank down stream to see what the finale would be. It came all 
too soon. The boat drifted upon a huge " sawyer " and upset. McMa- 
han and Harris climbed out upon the tree which had a large fork some feet 
above the water, forming a sort of platform. Upon this platform they 
climbed and shouted for assistance. Their perilous situation was soon dis- 
covered. In an hour or two dozens of people had congregated upon both 
shores of the river, all eager and anxious to do something for their unfor- 
tunate brethren, but seemingly powerless to do anything. 

Rev. Guthrie started back for DeWitt as soon as he saw the men in 
their fearful position, and arriving at the town about dark, started in a 
skiff to try and effect their deliverance. Accompanying him were Wm. 
Smith and Lilburn Barns, two other Carroll county men. The attempt 
was a most disastrous, a most distressing failure. The boat reached the 
"sawyer," but McMahan, in his eagerness to save his life, caught the 
chain of Guthrie's skiff, and pulled the bow of the boat high upon the 
sawyer, causing the stern of the little craft to sink and the boat to capsize 
and throw its occupants into the icy current, Lilburn Barns, who was in 
11 



162 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the bow, sprang upon a cake of ice — from that to another — then to 
another^and so on until he actually reached within a few feet of the bank 
on the Carroll count}- side, seventy -jive yards from the sazvyer, when he 
jumped into the water and waded out, falling exhausted when he reached 
the dry ground, to be taken up by kind and tender hands. Rev. Guthrie 
and Smith went down and never rose or were seen again. 

" The proper place for man to die is where he dies for man," 

The death of Mr. Guthrie and Mr. Smith added to the horror of the 
situation; for it was now almost certain that the rescue of the men on the 
*' sawyer " was not to be effected by any poor human means. The news 
spread rapidly, and by ten o'clock there were nearly three hundred people 
gathered on the icy banks of the river, trying to devise some way to save 
their comrades, but trying in vain. It was bitter cold and large fires were 
built to keep from freezing, and in some degree, to cheer McMahan and 
his companion. Messages were shouted back and forth. From the 
shore exhortations not to lose all hope, for everything posssible would be 
done. From the " sawyer " entreaties for help, but at the same time assur- 
ances of trust in the friendship and love of humanity of those on the shore. 
And still the mighty Missouri rolled remorselessly on, the cruel, craunch- 
ing ice pounding and grinding against the perilous refuge, if refuge it 
could be called, of the distressed men, as if begrudging them even that 
frail and unsubstantial tenure of life, and anxious to send them to keep 
company with the brave, but unfortunate Guthrie and Smith. So the 
night passed aw^ay. 

About day-light Harris shouted to the shore that McMahan was dying 
and wanted his friends to know that he died resigned to the will of Him 
who doeth all things well. At seven o'clock Harris again called out that 
McMahan was dead. He laid the body on the fork of the tree, securing 
it as best he could. Relatives of the dead man told Harris to take the 
clothing from the body of McMahan and cover himself to avoid perishing, 
which he did. This was a dreadful thing to do, but the circumstances 
excused it. 

It was Tuesday evening when the men were wrecked. Wednesday 
afternoon parties went to the Miami ferry, let the boat loose and three or 
four experienced river men started with it to rescue Perry Harris. They 
struck a sawyer before they reached their destination. Their boat came 
near being upset ; it "shipped" a large quantity of ice and water, and the 
accident so frightened the crew that they made their way to shore as soon 
as possible. A lump of lead w^as tied to a string and repeated 
efforts were made to throw it to Harris and thus furnish him with the 
means to draw a rope to him. Many a boat w^as launched, but it could get 
but a few feet from shore. 

Perry Harris remained on the " sawyer " for three days and five nights 



\ 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 163 

more than 84 hours — exposed to the icy blasts and freezing tempera- 
ture, with the dead body of his comrade, McMahan, at his feet. Death 
encompassing him about every moment, and life, safety, home and friends 
only a few hundred feet away — so near and yet so far. The people on 
the shore, especially the relatives and friends of McMahan and Harris, 
were rendered almost frantic by the spectacle before them. Strong, fear- 
less men were there, ready to do everything and anything to rescue the 
brave young Harris, who certainly showed heroism and fortitude if ever 
man did. But the strong men had as well been prattling babes, for all 
that they could do. The mighty, and in this instance, the murderous, 
Missouri mocked them, and scorned them as it held its heroic young 
prisoner in its horrible embrace, and, aided by the Ice King, began to kill 
him. 

Poor Harris' feet and hands became frozen, and he could not assist 
himself. At last, in the morning of the fourth day, the ice began to gorge 
below the sawyer, and faint hopes were entertained that a bridge would 
be formed w^hich w^ould enable the prisoner to be extricated. But, alas ! 
The ice " chugged " up, as the settlers, in their rough, but descriptive 
phraseology, expressed it, and the benumbed and helpless young man was 
caught between the huge masses and crushed to death. McMahan's 
body was thrown into the water by the gorging of the frigid boulders, 
and, like the corpses of Guthrie and Smith, was never seen again. The 
next day the ice had formed a bridge across the river, and Harris' body 
w^as taken out and buried in the grave-yard, near Miami. 

McMahan was the son of Wm. McMahan, the first settler in the Miami 
bottom. He left a wife and one or tw-o children. 

Perry Harris was nineteen years old at the time of his death. He 
was a son of Moses Harris, and was born in either Saline or Howard 
county. 

The memory of the noble, humane and brave Rev. Guthrie, and his 
companion, Smith, should ever be presei-ved and revered. Not often are 
such instances of heroism to be recorded. Not often can such an instance 
of self-sacritice be noted. Their bodies were never recovered, and never 
will be seen until that Great Day, w^hen the deep shall yield up its dead. 
No marble pile w^as ever reared to commemorate their noble, heroic con- 
duct, but their names ought to live long in the annals of Missouri his- 
tory. " Greater love hath no man than this— that a man lay dow^n his life 
for his friend." 

[Note. — The publishers desire to return acknowledgments to Mr. Alfred Wheeler, of 
Miami, for the details of this incident. Mr. Wheeler was a relative of both McMahan and 
Harris, and an eye-witness of the sad occurrence here narrated. Other old settlers corrob- 
orate his statements.] 

THE SALT POND SETTLEMENT. 

In the fall of 1817, Edward Reavis ascended the Lamine and the Black- 
water in a fiat-boat, and made the first settlement at the salt springs, two 



164 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

miles east of the present town site of Brownville. His party numbered 
about fourteen souls, one-half being his own family, and the other half 
his negro servants, or slaves. Reavis engaged in the manufacture of 
salt. His facilities were not the best, but he made a very fair article, and 
considerable quantities of it. He supplied the most of the salt used in 
the earl}"^ days, and continued in the business of salt making for fifteen 
years. 

It was something of a hazardous undertaking to make a settlement at 
that time where Reavis did. The country was infested with roving bands 
of Indians never to be confidently trusted, and to guard against possible 
danger from this source, Mr. Reavis constructed his house after the 
fashion of a block-house. "A man's house is his castle," Lord Coke 
long ago said. Mr. Reavis' house was his fort. It had a heavy door, 
was pierced with port-holes, and was quite well calculated to protect its 
inmates from an attack by a body of savages not too numerous. For- 
tunately its defensive qualities were never tested, as it was never at- 
tacked. 

Subsequently to Reavis' settlement, John and Matthew Mayes located 
at the springs now known as the McAllister Springs, aftd about the same 
time Isham Reavis came in. 

In 1820, Duke Prigmore, Sr., joined the settlement, making at least five 
families up to that time. 

HUNT'S SETTLEMENT ON BLACKWATER. 

In the year 1818, Arthur Hunt, from North Carolina, settled the prairie 
farm near Napton's bridge, on the Blackwater. His nephew, Oliver 
Hunt, settled in the same vicinity at or about the same time. Afterward 
Arthur Hunt, with his son John, settled on the place now known as the 
Dr. Smith farm. Here, subsequently, Arthur Hunt died. A certain Mr. 
Tramwell was then making salt at the mouth of Finney's creek, on the 
Blackwater. 

In the year 1819, Charles Lockhart commenced prospecting all over the 
Blackwater country in search of valuable minerals, and continued his 
labors at intervals for nearly two years. He was induced to make this 
search by seeing the traces of Renault's diggings, made one hundred 
years previously. Lockhart thought Renault's men had not made their 
investigations sufiiciently thorough and complete, and he dug over many 
of the pits of the Frenchmen. Lockhart employed sometimes as many 
thirty laborers. He worked faithfully and zealously, but finally was 
induced to abandon his search by his repeated failures to attain anything 
like success. 

settlement' in the sappington neighborhood. 

The first attempt at settlement in this locality, in Arrow Rock town- 
ship, it is said, was made by Wm. McMahan, in the year 1811. Like 



HISTORY OF SAXINE COUNTY. 165 

Cox and the young Coopers, however, he was '• run in " to the Howard 
county forts, where he remained until after the war. He did not return to 
his claim then, but joined the other settlers in the Big bottom, as it 
appears; for in 1816 he is named as one of the members of the party that 
went up in canoes to the "Little Rush Bottom," after honey, returning 
with fifty-eight gallons of the pure, limpid nectar, and considerately leav- 
ing seven bee-trees "for the use of the next comers." Soon after, he set- 
tled in the Miami bottom. 

In 1810, Samuel McMahan and others had located six miles south of 
Arrow Rock, and built a strong block-house, or fort, called Fort Ander- 
son. The fort took its name from three families: William, Ambrose, and 
George Anderson, who were Mr. McMahan's nearest neighbors. The 
other settlers were David Jones, Jos. Wolfskill, Stephen Turley and Wm. 
Reid. From this settlement Mr. McMahan came to his claim . During 
the war of 1812 the Indians drove the settlers, in and about Anderson's 
fort, across the river to Cooper's fort, and burned Fort Anderson. While 
Mr. Samuel McMahan was at Cooper's fort he was killed by the Indians. 
He had brought his family over to this side of the river, in 1811, and had 
accumulated some property in stock. The same week that Gregg was 
killed, up in Cox's bottom (Christmas week, 1814), Mr. McMahan re- 
crossed the river to secure his cattle. He had gotten them together, and 
w^as driving them down to Booneville, in order to cross the river with 
them, and had nearly reached the place (then Cole's fort) when he was 
attacked by the Indians. The savages were in pursuit of another white 
man, named Mukebox, who had climbed a tree, and they had lost him. 
While they were stealthily looking for him McMahan came along. They 
fired upon him and killed his horse. He started to run, but hearing a 
voice which he supposed to be that of a chief whom he knew, and whom 
he supposed to be friendly, he stopped, turned and faced the savages, and 
was shot down. The savages scalped and mutilated the body, cutting it 
into three pieces. It was afterwards found, taken to Booneville and buried. 
Mr. McMahan's widow died in 1872. Their youngest child is Mr. Jesse 
McMahan, so frequently alluded to in these pages. 

In 1819 there came to the locality where Mr. McMahan settled, or 
were there at the time, Alexander Gilbraith, Asa Finle}^, Sanders Town- 
send, Richard Marshall, Rev. Peyton Nowlin, and Dr. John Sappington. 
From the latter named gentleman the settlement took its name. He set- 
tled on sections 8 and 9, in township 49, range 19. The land is now 
owned and occupied b}^ his descendants. 

Among other settlers, in this neighborhood, were Andrew Brownlee, 
Joseph Robinson, John Bingham, Nathan Holloway, Bradford Lawless, 
Burton Lawless, Reese, Judge Beverly Tucker, and Gov. M. M. 



166 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Marmaduke. The most of these were here in 1820, and the remainder 
very soon thereafter. 

The town of Arrow Rock at that time was nothincif more than a crossing- 
place on the Missouri river. There was a good ferry at the place, the 
first regular ferryman being Captain Becknell; afterward the captain of 
a company of Saline county men in the Black Hawk war. Becknell's 
predecessors were Jerry Lecky and Frederick Hartgrove, or Hartgrave, 
who had lived in a log cabin on the river bank, called the ferry house. 
' SETTLEMENT ON THE PETITE OSAGE BOTTOM. 

This bottom has a lateral extent of about eighteen miles. It was long 
ago named by the French, but whether it was called originally by them 
Petite Osage or Petite Saw, is a matter not definitely settled. It is prob- 
able, however, that the original name was Petite (or Little) Osage in con- 
tradistinction to the Osage plains proper. At this day the locality is inva- 
riably called "Tite Saw" (pronounced Teet Saw) plains. 

The first settlers here were Elijah Arthur, an old soldier of the war of 
the revolution; Robert and William White, and John Dustin. They came 
in the latter part of the year, 1815 or early in 1816, according to the best 
information obtainable. Prior to this, one Rev. Gilham and his sons Hugh 
and Neely, from the Howard county settlements, had hunted and trapped 
throughout the bottom and taken back descriptions of it to the settle- 
ments. In 1816 came George Davis and settled the farm long thereafter 
known by his name. In 1818 Anthony and Notley Thomas settled near 
to the Grand Pass church. The farm of Notley Thomas is said to have 
been immediately back of the one now occupied by his son, Baltimore 
Thomas. 

Other settlers soon followed, the most of them being from Virginia, 
Kentucky, and Tennessee. A few were from New York. The sickly 
season of 1820 drove the majority of the settlers away. Some of them 
emigrated to Clay county, then beginning to be settled, and some to 
other portions of the county and the country. Among those left were the 
Thomases, McDowell, Berry Estes, and William White. The latter was 
from Tennessee, and during the revolutionary war was charged with 
horse stealing, and imprisoned by order of General Washington. At the 
close of the war he was released. 

Other early settlers in this part of the county were John Lincoln, Elisha 
Evans, and Andrew Russell, who came from Kentucky in 1819. John 
Lincoln is alleged to have been a brother of President Abraham Lincoln. 
He is remembered as an industrious young bachelor blacksmith, who fol- 
lowed that avocation in this county till J 829, when he removed to Clay 
county. He was tall, angular, rather rough looking, and uneducated. 
After H'is removal to Clay county he married a Miss Duncan. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 167 

A Mr. John Gregg, with a family of twenty-one children, is said to have 
been a settler in this bottom as early as 1818. 



THE INDIANS OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Sometime in the remote past, so long ago that no man's memory for 
centuries hath run back to the time, that mysterious race of beings, the 
Mound-builders, occupied Saline county. A long time after them, and 
immediately prior to the possession of the soil by the whites, were the 
Osages, who sang their songs, and danced and hunted over its surface 
with none to molest them or make them afraid. About 5(K) of the Miami 
tribe of Indians were encamped on the Missouri in the northern part of 
the county, near the present town site of Miami, by permission of the 
Osages, and the grace of the other Indian tribes, the French and the 
Americans. Very reputable Indians for Indians, these Miamis seem to 
have been, too, notwithstanding the early settlers had them driven from 
the county for keeping a " fence " for goods stolen by the Sacs and Foxes 
and other rascally savages. 

In the year 1719 war broke out between France and Spain. Although 
the contest in America was chiefly confined to the posts on the Gulf of 
Mexico, the upper settlements felt the effect of the struggle. These two 
nations had always been competitors for the Indian trade, and as continual 
disputes arose concerning the rights of territory, they kept up a preda- 
tory warfare for several years. In 1720, the year when M. De Renault 
was engaged in the search for minerals down on Finney's creek in the 
southern part of this county, the Spaniards, in New Mexico, formed a 
design for destroying the nation of the Missouris, who occupied the terri- 
tory on the north bank of the Missouri river, and of forming a settlement in 
their country, the object being to divert the current of Indian trade, and 
to confine the settlements and operations of the French to the borders of 
the Mississippi. The Spaniards believed that, in order to put their colony 
in safet}^, it was necessary that they should entirely destroy the Missouris, 
who were the warm and faithful friends of the French. But the Span- 
iards feared that they were not able to accomplish this by themselves, and 
so they resolved to enter into an alliance with the Osages, who occupied 
the south side of the Missouri river, mcluding Saline county, and were 
the mortal enemies of the Missouris. 

Stoddard's Annals of Louisiana, says that with these intentions the 
Spaniards organized an expeditiou at Santa Fe, consisting of men, women, 
and soldiers, having a priest for a chaplain and an engineer captain for 
their chief conductor, with the horses, cattle, etc., necessary for a perma- 
nent settlement. The expedition set out in 1720; but, being unacquainted 
with the country, and not having proper guides, they mistook their way. 



168 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

They wandered about for some time in the wilderness, and at length 
arrived at the Missouris, whom they supposed to be Osages. Under this 
impression, the leader of the expedition, with his interpreter, immediately 
held a council with the chiefs. He explained to them the object of his visit, 
telling them that he had come to form an alliance with their tribe in order 
to destroy their common enemies, the Missouris. The great chief of the 
Missouris, concealing his thoughts upon this proposition, evinced the 
greatest joy. He showed the Spaniards every possible attention, and 
promised to act in concert with them. For this purpose he invited them to 
rest a few days, after their tiresome journey, till he had assembled his war- 
riors and held a council with the old men. The Spaniards acceded to this 
proposal; a council of war was held, and the result was that they should 
entertain their guests and affect the sincerest friendship for them. They 
agreed to set out in three days. The Spanish commander immediately 
distributed several hundred muskets among them, with an equal number 
of pistols, sabres, and hatchets. But the very morning after this agree- 
ment, the Missouris came by break of day and killed every Spaniard, 
except the priest, whose singular dress convinced them that he was the 
" medicine man " of the expedition, at least not a warrior. They kept him 
for some time among them, but he finally made his escape to the white 
settlements. 

It is quite probable that the massacre of the Spaniards, here detailed, 
occurred within the boundaries of Saline county. In the western part of 
the county, near "the Pinnacles," as narrated by some of the old settlers, 
traces of some sort of battle in which bullets were used, were distinctly to 
be seen at the first settlement of the county. Many bullets were picked 
up, and a broken bavonet was found. Fragments of human bones were 
also found. 

The boldness of the Spaniards in thus penetrating into a country of 
which they had no previous knowledge, made the French sensible of their 
danger, and warned them of the necessity of providing against further 
encroachments. Accordingly, the next year a considerable force was sent 
up from Mobile Bay, under M. de Bourgmont, who ascended the Mis- 
souri and took possession of an island in the Missouri, on which was built 
Fort Orleans. At that period the Indian tribes of the west were engaged 
in a bloody warfare, which diminished trade, and rendered intercourse with 
them extremely hazardous. In 1724, De Bourgmont made an extensive 
exploration from Fort Orleans to the northwest, accompanied by a few 
French soldiers and a large party of friendly Indians. His object was to 
secure a general peace among the surrounding tribes, and establish and 
foster trade among them, which he finally accomplished. Some of the 
Indian chiefs were taken to France on a visit and highly entertained, and 
their attachment to the French was fully confirmed. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 169 

A sergeant among the French soldiers, named Dubois, had become 
enamored of a women of the Missouri tribe of Indians, and married her. 
He accompanied the chiefs to Paris, and upon his return with them he 
was placed in command of Fort Orleans. In 172.5 the fort was attacked, 
totally destroyed, and its inmates all massacred. Singularly enough, it 
has never been put upon record by whom this bloody work was done. 

It is reasonably, if not absolutely, certain that Fort Orleans was situ- 
ated in the river, opposite Saline county. Stoddard, in his "Annals of 
Louisiana," says it was located " some distance above the mouth of the 
Osage." Dr. Beck's Gazetteer, as quoted by Wetmore's Gazetteer, of 
1837, incidentally alludes to its location as follows. Speaking of the 
streams of the state. Dr. Beck says: 

Round Bend Creeks. Two small streams meandering through the southwest- 
ern part of Chariton county and emptying into the Missouri on the left side, 
near each other, about five miles belovj the mouth of Gravid river. Between 
them is a prairie, on which once stood the ancient village of the Missouris. * * 
Opposite the plain there once teas mi island and a French fort., but there is 
now no appearance of either, the successive inundations having probably washed 
them away. Willow Island, which is in the situation described by Du Pratz, is 
small, and of recent formation. 

"Five miles below the mouth of Grand river" is opposite Saline county. 
If on the prairie described there once stood the ancient village of the Mis- 
souris, and opposite to this village there was a French fort, it must have 
been Fort Orleans. For, (1), The Missouris were the allies of the French, 
and the latter would be likely to construct their fort in the neighborhood 
of their chief town, so as to have their assistance in case of attack. 
Dubois, too, doubtless preferred to be near his dusky kindred; (2), There 
is no other French fort mentioned in early history or tradition as being 
above the mouth of the Osa^re but Fort Orleans. 

It is probable that Fort Orleans and its garrison were destroyed when 
the Sacs, Foxes and other Indian tribes from the north attacked the Mis- 
souris and killed two hundred of them at the village above described, 
some time in the first quarter of the last century.* The Missouris sought 
refuge from their fierce adversaries near the Little Osage, on the_ south 
side of the river, in the territory of their former enemies, the Osages, 
who gave them an asylum, and some time thereafter retired with them, 
being forced away by other incursions of the northern tribes. 

Speaking of the Osages, Lewis and Clark said of them in 1S04: 

Their present name seems to have originated among the French traders; for 
among themselves and their neighbors they are called " Wabashes." They 
number between 1,200 and 1,300 warriors, and consist of three tribes, the Great 
Osages, of about 500 warriors, living in a village on the south bank of the river; 
the Little Osages, of nearly half that number, residing six miles from them; and 
the Arkansas band, a colony of Osages uf 600 warriors, who left the main tribe 

*Dr. Beck. 



170 , HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

some years ago under command of a chief called Big Foot, and settled on Ver- 
milion river, a branch of the Arkansas. In person, the Usages are among the 
largest and best formed Indians, and are said to possess fine military capacities; 
but residing as they do in villages, and having made considerable advances in 
agriculture, they seem less addicted to war than their northern neighbors, to 
whom the use of rifles gives a great superiority. 

Wetmore, in his Gazetteer of 1837, commenting on the foregoing says: 
" Since these remarks were written by Lewis and Clark, little or no 
improvement has been made by these Indians, notwithstanding the patron- 
age of the government and the great exertions of the mission establish- 
ments in the country of the Osages." The Osages, once the denizens of 
Saline county, now occupy a part of the northern portion of the Indian ter- 
ritory, on the Arkansas river, and have made considerable advancement in 
civilization since Wetmore wrote of them. 

There is related by the early settlers, an account, not very well authenti- 
cated, and largely traditionary or legendary, of a portion of a tribe of 
Indians, known as the Welsh Indians, whose origin is given as follows: 
" Before the English had penetrated into the western wilds, a colony of 
Welsh had advanced as far west as Saline county, and been captured by 
the Indians and adopted into the tribe. In the course of time, after a 
series of inter-marriages with the Indians, their children and children's 
children, became a distinct branch of a tribe known as the Welsh Indians. 
Many years later a Welsh minister was captured by this tribe and con- 
demed to death. When about to be executed he exclaimed in Welsh 
language : "Oh, Lord! Have I passed through so many dangers to 
perish at last in this manner?" An old Indian, a descendent of the Welsh- 
men, heard and understood the unfortunate minister, ran up to him, threw 
his arms around him, swore to protect him, and succeeded in not only 
saving his life, but actually had him adopted into the tribe. Honi soit 
qui mal y pense. 

Besides the Osages, the other Indians who were at different times, and 
for different periods of different degrees of length in the county, there 
were the Sacs, Foxes, lowas, and Pottawattamies inhabiting the territory 
far to the north, who made frequent incursions into the county, invariably 
with evil intent; the Kaws, Kickapoos, and Shawnees. from Kansas; the 
Otoes, from Nebraska, not forgetting, of course, the Missouris, and the 
Miamis, whose camp is described, and whose history is given on other 
pages of this volume. 

The northern Indians were the most troublesome and dangerous to the 
early settlers. It was they who waged warfare against the settlers of this 
part of Missouri during the war of 1812, and, indeed, for some time prior 
and subsequent to that struggle. Stimulated by the British emissaries 
from Detroit and Canada, sent out by Proctor and Tecumseh, they waged 
open warfare against the American settlers with what means and forces 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, t 171 

they could command. So repeated and formidable were the assaults of 
the Indians, and so few in numbers were the white settlers of the county, 
that from 1812 to 1816 they nearly all abandoned their homes and sought 
safety and security in the Howard and Boone county forts, erected by the 
settlers of those districts some time previously. 

It was during this period that Mr. Gregg, one of the very first white 
settlers of the county, was killed by the Indians. About the year 1815, 
another white man, named Turney, was killed. He was crossing the 
Missouri in a canoe, paddling to the Saline county shore, when he was 
fired upon by Indians, and, falling into the water, and being unable to 
swim, he w^as soon dead. It is not certainly known where this happened. 
Other prominent settlers killed by Indians, at different times and places, 
were Captain Sarshell Cooper, Braxton Cooper, Jr., Jonathan Todd, 
Wm. Campbell, Thos. Smith, Sam'l McMahan, Wm. McLane, John 
Smith, James Busby, Joseph W. Still, and Joseph Brown, the latter a 
colored man. 

Peck's "Annals of the West " says that none of these murders excited 
so deep a feeling as the tragic end of Captain Sarshell Cooper, who was 
assassinated at his own fireside, in Cooper's fort, in the bottom, near 
Boone's Lick salt works, nearly opposite the present town of Arrow 
Rock. It was in the evening of April 14, 1814, a dark and stormy night. 
Captain Cooper was sitting b}' the fire, holding his youngest child in 
his arms. His other children were playing about the floor, and his wife 
was engaged in domestic duties. A single warrior, as daring as he was 
cold-blooded, crept to the wall of Captain Cooper's cabin, which 
formed one side of the fort, and made an opening between the logs 
barely sufficient to admit the muzzle of his rifle, which be discharged at 
the brave pioneer with fatal effect. The child in Cooper's arms escaped 
unhurt. 

Cooper's fort was a favorite resort of the settlers in time of trouble, as 
was Cole's fort, which was about two miles east of Booneville, and com- 
manded by Capt. Stephen Cole. Cooper county was named in honor of 
Capt. Cooper, and Cole county in honor of Capt. Cole. 

One incident of the Indian war, never before printed, may here be 
related. In pursuing a retreating party of lowas that had been repulsed 
in one of the many attacks made on Fort Cooper, the whites captured an 
Indian, said to be the fastest runner among all the Sacs, Foxes, and lowas. 
He gave up his gun when taken, but retained his hunting knife, which he 
kept concealed under his blanket. One man rode on either side of the 
warrior, who was as crafty and treacherous as he was agile, and four men 
followed. Suddenly the Indian struck at John Peak, who was on his 
right. The Indian's blanket frightened Peak's horse and it jumped aside. 
On the left of the savage rode Townsend Brown, and behind came Dan'l 



172 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Durbin, Hiram Fugitt, Mitchell Poag and Ewing McClain, all from Mad- 
ison county, Kentucky. As soon as the Indian struck at Peak he ran. 
The four men in the rear dismounted and fired, and four bullets were put 
in between the warrior's shoulders in a space easily covered by a man's 
hand. The Indian was buried where he fell, and his faithful dog guarded 
his grave and refused to leave its master's resting place until it starved to 
death. 

The Indians continued to remain in the county long after the whites 
came in. Straggling parties of them visited the county from other local- 
ities, and were seen at Arrow Rock, Jefferson, and other parts of the 
county as late as the year 1840. They were invariably lazy, worthless, , 
and thievish, and to the settlers their room was preferable to their com- 
pany. 

Among the Kaws who visited Saline county in the years lS33-i was 
the celebrated chief Henry Blue Jacket, who uniformly accompanied the 
hunting parties of his tribe. He had a good English education, and was 
most gentlemanly and agreeable in his deportment with every one. He 
was a man of magnificent proportions, and presented a fine appearance. 
His dress was a loose sack hunting-jacket of blue cloth, with fringed 
buckskin leggings and moccasins, and a fox-skin cap. Contrary to the 
usual custom among Indians, the Kaws generally wear caps on their 
heads made of fox, raccoon or wild-cat skin. 

The Indian of nature and he of whom poets sing and novelists drivel, 
are quite different beings. The latter is kingly in mien, noble in 
sentiment, brave in spirit, grandiloquent in speech, disdainful of peril, ignor- 
ant of fear, and a model of true manhood in general. The former is 
cruel, treacherous, thievish, brutish, lazy and nasty. The natural Indian 
is as unlike the Indian of Cooper's novels as it is possible to be. He is 
coarse, licentious and vile, and always will be. Instead of going about 
making the top-lofty speeches of Metamora and other characters, he is 
more likely to be found about frontier towns and settlements begging for 
stale food, or food of any kind, or proffering to barter away the virtue ( ?) 
of his squaw for fifty cents. 

Yet, after all, there is something that calls for sympathy in the history 
of this unfortunate (for it is an unfortunate) race. The same lust of gold 
which impelled Pizarro to the conquest of the Incas of Peru, and Cortez 
to the destruction of the empire of the Montezumas, although in a newer 
and perhaps less revolting form, has driven the red man from his hunting 
grounds, from the homes of his ancestors for generations, and given him— 
„what? The inheritance of extinction; the certainty of ultimate oblitera- 
tion; an existence brief, cheerless and Ishmaelitish. 

The Indians were rather than they arc. The only hope of their per- 
petuity lies in their civilization, and civilization means the death of every- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 173 

[thing Indian-like. The former denizens of this county, the Osages, 
[together with the Choctaws, Cherokees, Creeks, and Chickasaws of 
'the Indian Terirtory, have attained some, if not a considerable, degree of 
icivilization, and their future seems promising. The most of the other 
(tribes, however, seem surely approaching extinction. Even the proud 
land once mighty Dakotas (or Siouxs) are melting away, and in a few 
decades this once powerful tribe will have dwindled to a mere handful of 
; vagabonds, abiding in squalor and clothed with wretchedness. 

" Lo ! the poor Indian ! " 



EARLY RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. 

Writing upon the subject of pioneer preaching and preachers, as well as 
of early religious organizations in this county, the Hon. Wm. H. Letcher 
' says that the command, "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel 
' to every creature," was pratically observed in the early settlement of 
[ Saline county. Nearly every pioneer preacher was as expert in the use 
of the rifle as any of the laity. Services were usually held in a neighbor's 
cabin. Notice of the "meeting" were promptly and generally circulated, 
and the people generally attended, uniformly bringing their rifles, to guard 
against possible surprises, or to procure game going and coming. The 
assertion of scripture that he who will not provide for his own, "and speci- 
ally for those of his own household, is worse than an infidel," found cre- 
■ dence with the pioneers. The practice of carrying fire-arms was not 
, abandoned even on the Sabbath. 

I An old pioneer states that on one occasion religious services were held 
! in this county when the preacher proclaimed the gospel of peace with his 
' hands and his clothing covered with blood from a deer that he had killed 
and butchered on his way to the meeting that morning! The circum- 
stance did not tie his tongue nor cause his hearers to abate one jot or tittle 
of their attention. This man was perhaps not a graduate of any theolog- 
ical school, but he was devout, and the simplicity and power with which 
he expounded his text and proclaimed the truths of the gospel, had an 
effect upon his congregation which clearly showed that the spirit of his 
Master was with him. 

The pioneer preachers worked without money and without price. 
They gained their subsistence as did their neighbors, by the rifle and by 
their daily toil in the clearings and corn-field. They did not make mer- 
chandise of what they conceived to be their mission. Freely had they 
received, and freely they gave. 

The names of some of the pioneer preachers of Sahne county are here* 
given, together with the dates when they worked. It is not certainly 
known who was the first minister. Several names have been presented 
for the distinction. 



174 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Probably Rev. Peyton Nowlin, and Rev. Thos. Kinney (or Keeney), 
both Baptist ministers, were the first preachers in the county. Mr. Kin- 
ney, it is reasonably certain, was here as early as IS 16, and Rev. Nowlin 
soon followed him. They preached in Cox's and the Big bottom, on 
Edmondson's creek, and wherever "two or three were gathered together." 
Upon the authority of Esq. Ish, who was here, and " speaketh that which 
he doth know," it may be stated that Rev. Nowlin (" Old Man Nowlin," 
as he was called), was a sedate, formal old gentleman, dry as to manners 
and sermons, but with a kind heart, and all good intent. His colleague, 
Kinney, however, was a jocular sort of gentleman, and very popular. 
He was without literary attainments, but invariably succeeded in preach- 
ing his congregation into laughter. Nowlin took him to task upon one 
occasion for his levity. Kinney answered: " Well, Pd rather preach to 
latighing dtvWs, than to sleepy ones, as you do! You make them sleep, 
and I make them laugh. My congregations will pass yours on the road 
to heaven — and PU bet you a coon-skin they will ! " 

Thos. Fristoe, Baptist, 1S19. Preached in the Edmondson creek set- 
tlement. 

Henry Renick, Cumberland Presbyterian, 1819. 

Thos. Cavanaugh, co-worker with Renick. 

Finis Ewing, and W. B. Wear, both at a very early date. Denomina- 
tion unknown. 

There is, however, a claim that Justinian Williams, a Methodist, 
preached the first sermon ever delivered in the county by an ordained 
preacher. 

Finis Clark, Baptist Reformer, was here in 1817. 

Jesse Green, a cabinet-maker during the week, and a Methodist minis- 
ter on Sundays, was a pioneer preacher who lived near Arrow Rock. In 
his shop Geo. C. Bingham, Missouri's greatest artist and one of her best 
sons, first worked, and here sketched his first pictures with chalk, before 
he went to Booneville. 

Other pioneer proclaimers of the gospel were: 

Harris, Dixon, 

Ebenezer Rogers, Thos. McBride, 

Robt. King, Caleb Weedin, 

Jno. B. Langdon, Archibald McCorkle, 

Jacob Chism, Daniel Bone, 

Pace (Methodist), Fred B. Leach, 

Barnett Wear, Stephen Boggs, 

Wm. Leach, Henry Weedin, 

^Luke Williams, Wm. Kichols, 

Anthony Berley, Duke Young, 

David Anderson, Robt. Renick, 

Hugh Dodds, Robt. Sloan, 

Kemp Scott, Robt. Morrow, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 175 

Hugh R. Smith, John Morrow, 

Abbott Hancock, Martin Trapp, 

John Scott, Ben Johnson, 

Moses Day, John L. Yantes, t 

Abner Gevinn. 

The first church organized was Zoar church, in Arrow Rock town- 
ship, about the year 1827, or possibly two years earlier, with Rev. Peyton 
Nowlin as pastor. It was of the Baptist denomination, and contained 
originally nine members. Its full history will be found in the sketch of 
Arrow Rock township. 

High Hill, Baptist; Good Hope, Baptist; Antioch, Baptist; Grand Pass, 
Methodist; Cambridge, Methodist; Smith's Chapel, Methodist; Mt. Car- 
mel, Methodist; Rehoboth, Baptist; Bethel, Baptist; Rock Creek, Meth- 
odist; Fairview, Baptist; church on Blackwater, near Hunt's or Finley's, 
Cumberland Presbyterian; church in Reis' neighborhood, Cumberland 
Presbyterian (built in 1825, of logs). 

Rev. Fred B. Leach was the first circuit rider of the M. E. church. 

It is claimed that Rev. Hugh Dodds, Methodist, preached the first ser- 
mon in Marshall, in the year 1840. 

Camp-meetings were common after the county had become tolerably 
well settled. All denominations participated, and interesting times were 
invariably had. The favorite places for holding these meetings were near 
Bethel, at Hawpe's, in the vicinity of Arrow Rock; at Riser's; in Tebo 
grove, and across Blackwater. Afterwards, grounds were established at 
Henry Weedin's, on Cow creek, and at Richard Durrett's, on Rock creek. 
At Tebo grove a camp hieeting was held many years since, which is yet 
remembered by many old settlers wdth pleasure. 

In 1835 the Methodist Episcopal conference for this district was held at 
Arrow Rock. Over one hundred preachers were in attendance. The 
boundaries of the conference extended on the south to the Arkansas line, 
and there were ministers present from all parts of the district. During 
the session there was an average daily attendance of about 1,000 people, 
a large concourse of people for that day. The conference lasted ten 
days, and the interest manifested by the outside world was improved by 
the zealous ministers present, and many accessions were made to the church. 
The venerable Bishop Roberts presided, and the services were, for the 
most part, of an impressive character. Many of those in attendance had 
never before seen a real, live bishop, and long remembered the occasion. 

Among those in attendance were many Christianized Indians from the 
western part of the state, and from the farther west. They belonged to 
the Delawares, Wyandottes, Shawnees and Kickapoos. Clad in their 
Indian costume, but paying close attention to the services and deporting 
themselves in every particular as devout Christians, these " poor Indians," 



176 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

who saw God in the clouds and heard Him in the wind, were objects of 
much attention. The occasion was one long remembered by the people. 

INCIDENTS. 

At one time, in an early day, a meeting was in progress in Grand Pass 
township. A lady in attendance was busily engaged in knitting, so busily 
that when prayer was being offered she kept at her work — literally "stuck 
to her knitting." The preacher severely reprimanded her for what he 
deemed her irreverent conduct; whereupon sundry male members of the 
congregation forced the minister to make ample apology under penalty of 
being taken out and given a sound " hiding." If the action of these gen- 
tlemen in the premises is deemed reprehensible, it may be said that the 
chivalrous devotion of the men of Saline for lovely woman is a quality that 
has always existed to an extent passing human understanding, and yet 
prevails of a character and an amoufnt equaling the golden days of 
romance in the middle ages. 

One of the first preachers in the neighborhood of where Brownville now 
stands, at least in Salt Pond township, was a negro man named Jacob 
Montgomery, a slave belonging to James Montgomery. In 1830-31, he 
was considered a very good preacher. He held his meetings for the most 
part at private houses, and whites and blacks, in about equal numbers 
came to hear him. It is said that on one occasion a party of young white 
people concluded to go and hear "Nigger Jake" preach and "have some 
fun." They went, but like many others who have gone to religious meet- 
ings " to scoff," as Goldsmith expresses it, " they remained to pray." One 
of the party, a young lady of a respectable family, afterward an honored 
wife and mother, who died not long since in this county, became very 
much and plainly visibly affected during " Nigger Jake's " discourse, and 
three out of the five members of the party shortly afterward made open 
profession of religion — converted no doubt by the poor, illiterate black man 
who could not even write his own name. One of the male members 
declared there must be a God, and religion a reality, and that Jake was 
inspired thereby, or else he could never preach with the force and effect 
which he did. 

At one of the early cam-pmeetings in the county, Col. Thos. H. Ben- 
ton, then Missouri's famed senator, was present. Knowledge of the pres- 
ence of such a grea tman as " Old Bullion" was held to be by Missourians, 
having come to the preachers, they were somewhat embarrassed. No one 
of them seemed to be willing to preach in the immediate presence of him 
who had won immortal renown as a speaker and a leader of men. At 
last a venerable, but yet zealous old minister, rose and said to his colleagues: 
" Brethren, we ought to be ashamed; Tom Benton is a greater man than 
any of us, but God Almighty is greater than Tom Benton. Let brother 
, whose turn it is to preach, get right up and preach, and the Lord 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 177 

will Strengthen him. From what I learn, Tom Benton needs preaching 
to about as bad as anybody on this ground, and who knows but that the 
sermon of to-day may save his soul!" 

The meeting proceeded. Colonel Benton was an attentive listener to 
the sermon and expressed his entire approval of its sentiments. He was 
then engaged in stumping the state against the "Jackson resolutions." 



EARLY SCHOOLS. 



As early as 1817, John Hurd taught a school in John Kinnear's house, 
in the Big bottom. He was succeeded by Ebenezer Rogers and Wm. 
Hampton. About the same time D an'l Johnson, Laban Garrett and Wm. 
Rogers taught in the Edmonson creek settlement. Mr. Garrett claimed 
that he taught the first school, in the cabin that Edmondson built. A full 
account of this school is to be found in the history of the Edmondson creek 
settlement. 

Subsequently, near where Concord church now stands, Edward Mul- 
holland, a veritable Irish schoolmaster, taught, and some time thereafter 
David Howard at Mrs. Howard's, and John Robinson on Camp creek. 
In the Nowlin neighborhood Josiah Grigg, Jr., and young Peyton Nowlin 
were among the early teachers. In 1827, John Pulliam taught a school 
near Wm. Smith's, and John Scott one at Wyatt Bingham's, near the 
Blackwater. 

As soon as settlements were made across Blackwater, schools were 
taught — first by David Wooden, and afterward by Thornton Rucker, 
Thos. Thorpe, and others. All of these were private subscription schools. 
The branches taught in these early schools were usually the Hoosier's three 
r's — " 'readin,' 'ritin,' and 'rithmetic." The school houses, the text books, 
and the methods of teaching were far different from those now in vogue. 
Usually a vacated log dwelling house was used as the school house. The 
books used were the Bible, the New Testament, and almost any kind of 
book for reading; Pike and Daboll were the authors of the arithmetics, 
with an occasional Western Calculator, while writing was taught with 
quill-pens and home-made ink — the latter usually a strong decoction of oak 
bark into which a piece of iron had been dropped — and the writing was 
done on what would now be considered a very poor article of paper. The 
school furniture was of the very simplest sort. Rude benches served for 
seats; a huge fire-place furnished warmth in cold weather; desks there 
were none, and black-boards, globes, etc., were not needed. The teachers, 
while they did a good work, and no doubt did it well, were, as a rule, not 
persons of profound scholastic attainments. Occasionally an excellent 
12 



178 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

scholar was found amoncr them, but he soon abandoned the vocation for 
some other, more agreeable and more lucrative. 

The first boarding-school in the county was established b}' John Dug- 
gins and his wife, Mrs. Frances E. Duggins, on the farm latterly known 
as the " Mose White farm," three miles west of Marshall. They came 
to that place in 1834, and soon after established the school, which they main- 
tained for ten years. Mr. Duggins first built a house, part log and part 
frame. He hauled the lumber for the flooring of his house from Cham- 
bers' mill, over on the Big bottom. As the number of pupils increased, so 
did the size of the Duggins mansion. Among some of the pupils who 
attended this school were Paris, Pleasant, and Jane Walker; Royal and 
Dr. Addison Brown, Samuel and Mary Miller, John Wall, Thos. W. 
Gaines, Liberty Green, David, Rebecca, and Mary Vanmeter, Georgia 
Bruce, Mrs. Sanfley (then Miss Brown), Elizabeth and Edwin Oliver, 
Mar}' and Wallace Finley, Samuel, Joseph and Ezekiel Scott, David and 
Marshall Durrett, Miss Susan Bates, of Virginia, and Miss Mary Howard, 
of Tennessee. 

The Rev. Dr. Yantis's school, at Brownville, was the next high school in 
the county after Mr. and Mrs. Duggins'. Mr. Yantis' school was begun in 
1848, and was not only the first institution of the kind in the county, but 
one of the very first, if not the first in western Missouri. 

Although the general government had made liberal provision for the 
support of a public school system, by setting apart for that purpose the 
sixteenth section of overy township of land, yet not much use was made 
of it until quite a late day, in the history of the county. The schools were 
usually private or "subscription" schools. Those who could afford it 
employed tutors or governesses for their children. 

The early records of the common schools were lost during the civil war, 
and were v^xj imperfectly kept for some years thereafter, and no authen- 
tic account of the first establishment of the common schools can be given. 



EARLY MARRIAGES. 



Probably the very first marriages taking place in this county were 
never recorded; or, if they were, are to be found in the records of Cooper 
county, of which this county was for some time a part. The first mar- 
riage that occurred in the county of which a return was made in proper 
form and recorded, was that of John Tarwater and Ruth Odle.* This 
event happened on the 13th day of September, 1820. The officiating 
magistrate's return is in these words : 

I, Jacob Ish, a justice of the peace within and for the county of Saline, 

*Properly and now spelled Odell. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 179 

do hereby certify that on the 13th day of September, 1820, I joined John 
Tarwater and lluth Odle in matrimony as man and wife. 

Jacob Ish, J. P. 

The next marriage ceremony was also performed by Esq. Ish, w^ho 
made return that "on the 27th day of November, 1820, 1 joined Anderson 
Warren and Sarah J. Wilkinson in matrimony as man and wife." 

The same official also reported that on January 14, 1821, he made happy 
John Job and Polly Clevenger; that January 26,1821, he performed a 
similar service for Thomson Wall and Polly Vann. 

January IS, 1821, Elijah Gwinn " was married to Rebecca McKissick," 
by Bartholomew Gwinn, justice of the peace. 

January 25th, of the same year, " Neal Fulton was married to Lucy 
Harris" by Bartholomew Gwinn, justice of the peace. 

February 21, 1821, Joseph Burleson and Polly Warren were united in 
marriage by the aforesaid Bartholomew Gwinn. 

None of these returns specify the place where the marriage service was 
performed. The following is the first return particular enough to so 
state : 
State of Missouri, Saline County. 

I do certify that I did on the 8th dd.y of March, 1821, join together by 
marriage Joseph Wilson and Polly Millsap, at the house of Mr. Kinney, 
in Arrow Rock^tpwnship, in said county. Certified under my hand, April 
10, 1821. Peyton Knowlin, Gospel Minister. 

Other early marriages were those of David Warren and Rachel Bur- 
leson, by Bartholomew Gwdnn, justice of the peace. May 3, 1821; on the 
same date, by the same, Laban Garrett and Rachel Baxter. 

May 31, 1821, George Nave and Nancy Jobe, "at the house of Wm. 
Jobe her father," by George Tennille, a justice of the county court. 

July 5, 1821, James McMahan and Nancy Young, by Levin Green, 
minister of the gospel. 

July 5, 1821, William Ferrelland Elizabeth Clemmons, by Levin Green, 
minister of the gospel. 

January 21, 1822, John Allen and Eliza Stone, by George Tennille, jus- 
tice of the county court. 

January 6, 1822, Julius Emmons, of Lillard (now Lafayette) county and 
Thirza Smith, of this county, by Peyton Nowlin, minister of the gospel. 

February 28, 1822, Pethnel Foster and Margaret Bones, by Payton 
Nowlin, minister of the gospel. 

August 5, 1822, Robert Patrick and Ann Thomas, by Wm. McMahan, 
justice of the peace. 

May 30, 1822, John Bogard and Mary Bones, by Rev. Peyton Nowlin. 

August 18, 1822, James McKissick and Polly Ann Gwinn, by Barthol- 
omew Gwinn, justice of the peace. 

November 22, 1822, Benj. Goodin and Sarah Osborn, by Bartholo- 
mew Gwinn. 



180 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

December 29, 1822, James Warren and Miss Eleanor Goodin, by 
Esq. Gwinn. 

December 17, 1822, Wm. M. Chick and Ann Pulliam, by Ebenezer 
Rodgers, justice of the peace. 

February 23, 1823, Thomas Mann and Mary JefFries; March 16, Jesse 
McMahan and Polly McMahan ; July 17, Hezekiah Copeland and Malinda 
Gwinn; all by Wm. M. Chick, justice of the peace of Jefferson town- 
ship. 

June 28, 1823, Perry G. Buck and Rebecca Thomas, by Rev. Lot Dil- 
lingham. 

June 3, 1823, Christly Houts and Mary Falls, by Rev. Peyton Nowlin. 

January 5, 1823, Warren Reavis and Margaret Smeltzer, by Rev. 
Nowlin. 

December 24, 1823, John Nave (Neff) and Elizabeth Kelly, by George 
Tennille, a justice of the county court. This marriage, according to the 
return, took place "at the dwelling house of Thornton Adams, in the Big 
bottom." 

December 7, 1823, William Harris and Christiana Johnson, by Wm. 
McMahan, justice of the peace. 

February 17, 1831, Claiborne F.Jackson, of Howard county, and Jane 
B. Sappington, of Saline, by Justin Williams, "ordained preacher of the 
Methodist Episcopal church." [This was Gov. Jackson's first marriage. 
He afterwards married Louisa Sappington, and after her death Eliza 
Sappington, all sisters, and daughters of Dr. John S. Sappington.] 

January 4, 1826, Meredith M. Marmaduke, "late of Westmoreland 
county, Virginia," and Lavinia Sappington, daughter of Dr. John Sap- 
pington, by Rev. Peyton Nowlin. This marriage came off at the resi- 
dence of the bride's father, about six miles west of Arrow Rock. Some 
of the guests present were Col. McClure, of Old Franklin; Miss Cdlins, 
of Howard county, and members of the family of Mr. Nowlin, the offici- 
ating minister. The groom was afterward governor of the state, and one 
of its most honored and honorable citizens. He died at his home, in 
Saline county, in 1864. Mrs. Marmaduke had three sisters, each of 
whom became the wife of Gov. Claib. F. Jackson. She is still living in 
the county, residing with her children. Her mind is unimpaired, and she 
retains a vivid recollection of pioneer days in INIissouri and Saline county. 
To this couple were born the distinguished soldier, Gen. John S. Marma- 
duke, one of the most gallant officers the civil war produced, now a resi- 
dent of St. Louis, and one of the railroad commissioners of the state. Col. 
Vincent Marmaduke, and Meredith Marmaduke, Jr. 

Rev. Peyton Nowlin, who figures so prominently as the officiating min- 
ister in the early marriages of Saline county, was a Baptist, and was one 
of the first ministers, and preached one of the first sermons in the county 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, 181 

He died in the early part of 1837. Many of his descendants are still citi- 
zens of the county. 

It would be a pleasure to record, and interesting to read, the details of 
these pioneer marriages of the county, but, unfortunately, they are not 
obtainable. There were no newspapers here in those days to chronicle 
events of that character for the consideration of a piece of " soggy" cake, 
and sour wine, left over from the wedding feast; and the few citizens of 
the county who w^ere present are not accessible at present. 

A pioneer wedding in Saline county, however, would not compare, in 
point of elegance and finish, to one in these days. For there were lack- 
ing the paraphernalia of display, and the "pomp and circumstance" 
attendant now-a-days upon affairs of that character. In those days few 
people wore " store goods." Their apparel was for the most part home- 
spun. A " Sunday suit" resembled an " every-day suit," so far as general 
appearances went, — the former w^as clean, and looked brighter. The 
material of which the clothing was made was principally cotton and wool. 
The men wore buckskin, jeans, cotton and linsey ; the women wore linsey, 
cotton, jeans, and buckskin! 

A bridal toilet, therefore, w^as not expensive; neither was it elaborate, 
fanciful, or very showy; neither was it extensive. But it was sensible, 
for it was sutRcient, and it was appropriate to the times, the manners, and 
the circumstances. And if an old Saline county groom could reappear 
to-day in the costume he wore on that most eventful occasion sixty years 
ago, he would hardly be voted dressed properly to appear at court — or at 
a president's levee — with his 'coonskin cap, his buckskin or jeans coat, 
his linsey or home-made cotton shirt, his pantaloons of the same material 
as his coat, his feet encased in moccasins, or in shoes made of home- 
tanned leather, and without a glove to his hand or to his name. 

An incident is related concerning the marriage of a couple, and their 
speedy divorcement, by a justice of the peace. This happened in the 
north part of the county, about forty years ago. The couple appeared at 
the residence of the magistrate* one evening, and desired to be married 
forthwith. His honor had never performed a job of the kind, and 
seemed at a loss how to proceed. However, his wife being a devout 
Methodist, he had a copy of the discipline of that church in the house, 
and, turning to the form of marriage service there set down, ordered the 
couple to stand up and join hands, and proceeded to perform the cer- 
emony after the rites of the Methodist Episcopal church, and after the 
fashion of a Methodist Episcopal preacher. 

Whether it was a judgment sent upon the couple for allowing them- 
selves to be married by a justice of the peace out of a church discipline, 
is not certain; but, at all events, the marriage "didn't stick." The next 

*Mr. Thoraton Strother, whose cabin was near Miami. 



182 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

morning they presented themselves before the magistrate and requested 
him to "un-marry them!" That worthy was equal to the occasion. 
Having usurped powers sarcerdotal the previous evening, he now assumed 
powers judicial. Commanding the pair to stand up with their hacks 
together, he again took down the discipline and proceeded to read the 
marriage service back-wards,, from the ending to the beginning. When 
the reading was concluded, he said in an impressive manner: "Now, 
what I have tied asunder let no man put together again, and may the Lord 
have mercy on your souls ! " 

It is said that this was the first "divorce" ever granted in the county. 
Whether it was or not, it is to be hoped that it was the only one of the kind. 

Mrs. McCausland, one of the oldest residents of Lafayette county, 
remembers that on one occasion, when a wedding was in progress in 
early days, a young lady who desired to attend, came to Mr. McCausland 
and borrowed his shoes, so as to appear "dressed up."* Indeed, it was 
not every lady that had shoes of any sort; and quite often, those who had, 
wore them without stockings! 

But for all of this, and for all of many other discomforts and disadvan- 
tages, the marriages were as fortunate and felicitous and the weddings 
themselves as joyous as any of those of modern times. It is not a mat- 
ter of silk and satin, this at^air of a happy marriage. The wedding was 
seldom or never a private one. The entire settlement was invited and 
uniformly accepted the invitation. To neglect to send an invitation was 
to give oflense; to refuse was to give an insult. There were all sorts of 
merry-making and diversion during the day. A shooting match was 
quite common. There were foot races, wrestling matches, and other ath- 
letic sports — sometimes a pugilistic encounter. At night, a dance was had in 
which there was general participation. Many of the dancers were barefoot , 
it is true, and the ball room floor was composed of split puncheons, from 
which the splinters had not all been removed, but the soles of the feet 
were covered with a coating impenetrable almost as a coat of armor, and 
bade defiance to any fair-sized splinter. Indeed, one old pioneer says that 
a real merry dance always resulted in smoothing a puncheon floor, as if it 
had been gone over with four and twenty jack-planes! 

The wedding feast was always worthy of the name. The cake was corn- 
pone; the champagne and claret consisted of good old Kentucky and Mis- 
souri whisky, clear and pure as mountain dew, unadulterated by mercenary 
"rectifiers" and untouched and untaxed by ganger and government. The 
latter article was usually imported for the occasion, sometimes from 
Boone's Lick, sometimes from old Franklin, sometimes from Booneville, 
sometimes from St. Louis, and sometimes from old Kentucky or Tennessee. 

*Upon this occasion, which was about the year 1831, the bride was a Miss Collins and 
the groom a Mr. Warren. The wedding took place at the house of the groom's father, for 
whom the town ot Warrensburg, Johnson county, was afterward named. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 183 

Then there were venison steaks and roasts, turkey (wild), grouse, etc., 
jiectar-like maple syrup, and other edibles toothsome and elegant, the bare 
memory of which is sufficient to make an old pioneer's mouth water when 
he thinks of them "in these degenerate days." 



FISH, GAME, WILD ANIMALS, ETC. 

In the first days of its settlement Saline county was the hunter's para- 
dise. The woods and prairies abounded in game, and the lakes and streams 
in fine fish. Even the "little prairie pots," as certain small collections of 
water were called, contained fish fully large enough for the pan. The 
principal species belonged to the carp family; there were the croppy and 
bass; the blue, the yellow and the " channel" cat-fish; together with the 
perch, the buffalo and the drum — the last a fair fish only when seasonable; 
at other times worthless. All of the others were good, but some kinds 
were superior to others. The fish here — that is those taken in the streams 
and lakes of the county — seemed to be of better quality that the same 
kind offish found elsewhere — ascribed to the saline character of the water. 
But, much to the regret of the Izak Waltons of this day and generation, 
the fish have of late, and now, are fast disappearing. 

Quite large specimens have been taken out of the Missouri, on this side 
of the Big Muddy, but not larger than have been caught in other counties, 
no doubt. One taken near Miami, many years ago, weighed 110 pounds. 
It was a catfish. Its mouth was exactly the width of the length of a No. 
10 boot. Another, caught near Arrow Rock, some time in the forties, 
was much larger. But " fish stories " are hardly admissible into the pages 
of a veracious history. 

At present the edible game of the county consists of rabbits, squirrels 
with an occasional deer, partridges or California quail, prairie chickens, a 
few turkeys, with flocks of the migratory ducks and geese in the fall and 
spring, and a stray pheasant or so. In the timber a few, and but a few, 
opossums and raccoons remain. 

In the winter of 1S4S-9, a thick sleet covered the ground for several 
weeks, driving the squirrels from their snug quarters in the hollow trees 
to the fields and corn-cribs by thousands. Every bush had its squirrel 
and as many as two hundred were seen to scamper from a single crib at 
one time. Since then, these animals, with a few exceptional cases, have 
been scarce and shy, and in localities where they once were plenty it is 
seldom that now one can hear so much as a saucy bark. The gray and 
the red or " fox " squirrel are the varieties making this county their habi- 
tat. In early days, when larger game was so abundant, the hunters 
did not consider squirrels worth wasting powder and lead upon. Occa- 



184 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

sionally one was killed to furnish food for an invalid, and in such cases it 
was seldom pierced by a ball. The hunter would contrive to shoot at the 
animal while it was on the limb of a tree, and send the bullet just under 
the squirrel's head, and grazing the bark of the limb. The concussion of 
the ball was sufficient to bring the little animal to the ground. This was 
called barking a squirrel. 

In the winter of 1837, Maj. Harvey's corn-pens were assaulted very vig- 
orously by squirrels in such numbers that he called in his neighbors to 
help him drive away the " pests," for such they had become. Large 
numbers were slaughtered ; Mr. Phillip Irvine alone killed eighty in about 
half a day. 

It does not seem that when the county was first settled there were any 
partridges or pheasants. These birds seem to have followed the settlers. 
The wild turkeys, formerly very abundant, always attained a formidable 
size. Hon. Wm. H. Letcher has seen them weigh twenty-two pounds 
dressed, and he is assured, that upon one occasion, a Mr, Herndon killed 
one, which, when ready for the Christmas spit, weighed twenty-six 
pounds. Old settlers say that in early times flocks of these fowls have 
been seen comprising many hundreds in a single flock. 

No elk have been seen in the county since 1836. Prior to that period 
they were reasonably plenty; they were attracted to this county from 
other localities, doubtless, by the prevalence of the salt "licks." Old 
Uncle Natty, as Mr. Nathaniel Walker was familiarly called, a famous 
hunter and an old pioneer, was wont to relate, that at one time he counted 
a drove of fifty elk feeding on the knoll where the present court house 
of Saline county now stands. 

The bear disappeared from the county about the year 18-40. An old- 
time democrat said that the whigs scared the bear, deer, elk, and almost 
every other sort of game out of the county in that year by their infernal 
yelling and hallooing, firing anvils, torchlight parades, etc., in honor of 
Gen. Harrison, their successful presidential candidate! There were 
plenty enough bear in early days, however, to cause the settlers consider- 
able trouble. Bruin evinced a decided fondness for pork and veal, and 
was a frequent but unwelcomed visitor at many a pig-pen and calf-lot. 
Bear-hunts were frequently organized, and quite a number of the animals 
were killed in the county from first to last. The timbered regions of 
Blackwater and Salt Pond were their favorite haunts, although they were 
seen in every part of the county. 

The last bear that was killed in the county was taken in the following 
very singular manner in the year 1840 Tobias Cooper, a descendant of 
Col. Benjamin Cooper, of Cooper's fort notoriety, with some companions, 
was out hunting cattle on the prairies in the western part of the county. 
Suddenl}- they came upon a full grown black bear on the plains near the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 185 

present town site of Malta Bend. They were unarmed and had nothing 
to fio"ht the bear with but their cattle whips; but with these they under- 
took- to drive him to a house, and actually did do so, by fiercely cracking 
their whips and yelling at the animal and keeping him on the go. Upon 
arriving at the house a gun was procured and the animal soon despatched. 
This incident is well known as "Cooper's bear drive." In 1S40, a party of 
hunters started a bear in the brush southeast of the house of Mr. C. L. 
Franci sco, in Elm wood township, and ran it through the South Grove. 
The animal escaped. 

That famous old Nimrod, old Nattv Walker, killed a black bear in 
1838 near Mr. Francisco's, on the Elmwood and Marshall road, near 
a bridge. 

The fierce panther also made his home in this county, and indeed was 
here as late as 1838. Many a Saline county pioneer, as he sat by his tire- 
side in early days felt his blood chill and his heart stand still as the pierc- 
ing scream of the panther was borne through the forest to his lonely cabin 
on the wings of the night wand. The cry of a panther is something like 
that of a woman in distress, but is much more penetrating. It can be dis- 
tinctly heard a mile or more. " Nothing," said an old settler, " ever 
pestered me like the scream of a ' painter.' It always made the cold 
streaks shoot over me. I never could get used to it, much as I heard it, 
and it always made me think of Ingins." These animals, however, would 
seldom if ever attack a human being, unless first wounded or sufTering from 
hunger. Usually the panther made his rounds in quest of food at night, 
when he quite frequently visited the settlements and contrived to carry off 
a calf or a hog. A full grown panther was seen by one of the early 
settlers down on the Blackwater, trotting along with a one hundred and 
fifty pound hog thrown across his shoulder as nimbly as a cat would run 
away with a rat. 

In the neighborhood of the Edmondson's creek settlement at an early 
day, as related by Messrs. Wolfskill, Wilhite and others to Mr. Jerrold 
Letcher, a panther was once discovered which had killed and carried 
away nine large hogs and concealed them in a cavity in the earth made 
by the uprooting of a tree by a wind storm. The animal had dispatched 
its victims all within so short a time that every hog was yet warm when 
found. It had attempted to conceal them by covering them well up with 
leaves. The settlers organized and made pursuit of the savage beast, 
but it escaped from them, crossed the river and passed into Chariton 
county. 

On one occasion, in the early settlement of Blackwater, a Mrs. Miller 
started her two little daughters, aged eight and seven, to school a mile 
away. They had gone about one-half the distance, when they saw a 



186 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

large panther crouched on the trunk of a leaning tree, about twenty feet 
from the earth. The older of the little girls said to her sister: 

"O! There's the bad old wo/f that kills our pigs and lambs. You stay 
here and watch it, and I'll go back and tell daddy, and he will come with 
his gun and shoot it." 

The other little innocent unhesitatingly agreed to the proposition 
because her sister could run faster than she, and confidently sat down at 
the foot of another tree to " watch the bad old wolf." Gathering some 
acorn cups, she sat about constructing "a play-house," for there was a 
hollow in the tree, and there was soft, velvety moss in abundance. She 
afterwards related that the animal frequently looked at her, and that it 
walked back and forth, back and forth, on the trunk of the tree, and then 
lay down, stretching itself out at full length, and gaping "as if it was 
awful sleepy!" O, the deadly peril of that child! and yet He who 
stopped the mouths of the lions guarded her, (who else?) and she was safe» 

Meantime the elder child flew along the pathway to her home, where 
she soon arrived, and informed her mother regarding the "bad old wolf." 
Mrs. Miller, almost paralyzed with fright, with difficulty contrived to call 
her husband, and then clasping her little daughter that was safe, sank 
down to pray for the one that was in the wilderness in the power of the 
teeth and claws of the cruel panther. Miller and a young man named 
Plunkett, each armed with a rifle, sped along the little path, hardly hoping 
to arrive at the scene in time to rescue the child — but they did. Coming 
cautiously up. they discovered the panther stretched out upon the tree, 
apparently asleep. Seated on the ground, but a few feet away, was the 
faithful but innocent and unsuspicious little sentinel, amusing herself with 
childish pastime, but still watching the "bad old wolf." 

At the word from Miller, both men fired, and the panther fell to the 
ground with two bullets in its brain. Plunkett ran to deal it the finishing 
stroke with his hunting-knife, and Miller clasped his child to his breast, 
from which he transferred her in a few minutes to her mother's. O, the 
unspeakable joy and thankfulness that abounded in that household that 
day and night! It is perhaps needless to say that the children did not 
attend school any more at the Blackwater school house. 

The panther measured about seven feet. Miller skinned it, and, it is 
said, had the skin tanned and made into two capes, one for each of his 
daughters. He shortly afterward removed to Illinois, but returned to- 
Saline county about the year 1850, remaining only a short time. 

About the year 1825, two men fought and killed a panther in the Davis 
bottom, north of where the town of Malta Bend now stands. Mr. Gto. 
Davis, his son a German in Mr. D.'s employ, and a negro man belonging 
to James McReynolds, were one day eating their dinners on a log in a 
clearing in the bottom. For some days previously a large panther had 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 187 

been in the habit of approaching the men, uttering its peculiar cry, and 
returning to its lair at last. The men had resolved to receive their visitor 
with hostile hands the next time he came, and armed themselves, strange 
tosav, with no more formidable or destructive weapons than stout hickory 
clubs. The German had a stout clasp knife. They had also procured 
five or six indifferent dogs. Upon this occasion the panther came out and 
sat upon one end of the very log on which the men were eating their 
dinners, and uttered its peculiar screams, as if importuning them for a 
share of their repast. They seized their clubs, and calling the dogs, 
assaulted the animal. The panther sprang from the log, which was 
elevated somewhat above the earth, and attacking the dogs soon killed all 
of them, except one little fiste, which was an adroit fighter. It would snap 
at the panther's hind legs, and dart away when that animal would turn 
round, and in other ways annoy him, keeping up a furious barking all the 
while. 

Davis and his men struck the animal with all their might with their 
clubs, but only bruised and exasperated him. The panther continued to 
show fight, until at last the German struck it in the heart with his clasp- 
knife when it fell over dead. None of the men were hurt. The panther 
measured nine feet from the tip of its nose to the end of its tail. 

There seem to have been three varieties of wolves in the county; the 
black, the gray, and the coyote, or prairie wolf. The first two varieties 
named were entirely too numerous at one time, and were of all sizes and 
of every degree of ferocity. Notwithstanding the relentless warfare con- 
stantly waged against them by the citizens, wolves infested the county 
until 1860 — and, indeed, there are said to be a few in existence at this late 
day. As late as 1851 a large black she wolf, accompanied by two cubs, 
was seen running over the hills of Salt Fork, near Mr, Wiley's. 

As breeders, wolves are very prolific. One litter was found in this 
county containing twelve whelps. Speaking of some of the habits of 
these animals, Mr. Wolfskill, an old pioneer, says: "The old she-wolf 
howls loud and long, just at daybreak, and again at dusk, between sun- 
set and dark." 

Hunting wolves was something of a duty to be performed,* as well as a 
pastime in early days, for they made many a destructive inroad upon the 
settlers' fi.ocks and herds. About the year 1837, a large black wolf 
became quite famous in Saline county, and in many of the counties of cen- 
tral Missouri, by reason of the number and character of its exploits. 
This animal had left the last part of its tail in a trap, and from this circum- 
stance was known, far and wide, as the " bob-tailed wolf." Its favorite 
haunts were on the Blackwater, although it roamed where it listed. Its 
boldness and daring were remarkable. Tales have been related of its 
maraudings that seem almost incredible. It frequently visited farmj-ards 



188 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. m 

in daylight, selected a nice fat mutton or pig, and made off with it some- 
times in plain view of the farmer. It could whip as many dogs as could 
be induced to attack, it. 

At last the citizens decided to make a united effort to rid the country of 
this lupine marauder, already as much dreaded as the famed weir-wolf of 
German legend. The packs of hunting dogs of Asa Finley, "Uncle 
Dick " Marshall, and Brutus Finley, were secured, and the timber along 
Black water "beat up" until old "Bob-tail" was started, near Isaac's 
ford. The trail once struck, the chase was kept up for two days and a 
night, many of the pursuers in the meantime being " thrown out " and 
abandoning the hunt, until the Missouri was reached, near Booneville. 
Here " Bob-tail " bravely plunged into the current, and succeeded in reach- 
ing the Howard county shore in safety. The Saline county hunters here 
gave up the chase, and returned home. 

The wolf soon after took up his abode and plied his vocation on the 
Grand prairie, in Boone county. Here he stayed for about two years, 
preying on the farmers' flocks, and defying all attempts at capture. A 
reward, aggregating nearly $100, was raised and offered for the capture 
of "Bob-tail." 

A noted hunter, named Hendershott, pursued the animal all one day 
with his pack of trained dogs. At night Hendershott went home, leaving 
his dogs to care for the wolf as best they might, not doubting, however, 
but that he would find them all safe and sound in the morning, except the 
wolf, of course. The next morning, alas! on going out to search for his 
dogs, Hendershott found one of them, maimed and bleeding, dragging 
itself homeward, and a little further on, the rest of them, all stretched 
out, dead, near a large gopher-hill, on which, apparently, the wolf had 
stood and dealt out death to its assailaints as they approached him. 
• " Bob-tail " then made his way over into Audrain county, where he was 
at last poisoned by one Walker, who took the skin, scalp, stump-tail, and 
all, into Boone county, in order to make certain of receiving the promised 
reward. 

A favorite method of capturing wolves was to organize a general hunt 
or chase. A day would be appointed, and the male population for miles 
around would assemble, all mounted and armed, and accompanied by 
packs of dogs. A large circle would be formed, two or three miles in 
diameter sometimes, and the hunters with their dogs would gradually close 
in upon the center. The wolves would be started and chased from one part 
of the circle to the other, and few of them would escape. Various other 
kinds of game were frequently taken in these "circle hunts" as they 
were termed. 

During the civil war wolves became rather plentiful, and many of them 
were killed; but, as previously stated, save now and then a straggling 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 189 

coyote that occasionally sneaks into the county, it may be said that there 
are no wolves in Saline county. 

Wild cats, catamounts, and an occasional lynx were often seen, but were 
neither very destructive or very troublesome. They restricted their raids 
upon the settlers to sundry visits to the chicken-coop or to the goose-pond. 

Mr. Daniel Snaddy and others caught a large black wolf out in the 
Petite Osage country that was over three feet in height. The animal 
was caught in a large steel trap. He had killed a good sized, two-year- 
old heifer. The men cut his hamstring, and he whipped six large dogs 
and one fiste very easily while in this crippled condition. The hunters 
were forced to shoot him. 

Deer formerly abounded in the county in great numbers. The fine 
feeding grounds and the numerous salt licks attracted them here from 
other localities, and it was a long time indeed, in the history of the 
county, before they became at all scarce. As late as the year 1850, three 
citizens of this county, neighbors, Messrs. Gaines, "White and Herndon, 
killed, in the aggregate, 246 deer. Mr. Gaines killed 97; Mr. White, 47 
and Mr. Herndon, 102 — all in one season. At that day and for some years 
thereafter, it was not an uncommon sight to see deer in herds of twelve 
or fifteen, taking their evening "browse," or bounding through the tim- 
ber or over the prairies. 

Of course where there were so many of these animals there were some 
exceptionally large ones, and many a story is told of mammoth bucks slain by 
the early hunters. The number, variety, character, and lack of evidence 
of their verity precludes the publication of all these stories in these pages. 
Says Wetmore's Gazetteer on this point, as long since as 1837: " One of 
the hunters of Saline was in at the death of a buck which he killed on 
Plackwater, that weighed 302 pounds, the largest, it is claimed, whose 
obituary ever found a place in the annals of field sports. Several have 
been killed in Saline weighing as much as 240 pounds, which were con- 
sidered enormously large." 

In the early settlement of Saline, before bacon and beef were numbered 
among the productions of the county, the settlers used venison almost 
universally for their meat. The skins of the deer, when properl}?- pre- 
pared, furnished material for their hunting shirts and trowsers, and hence 
deer hunting was a business as well as a sport. The bucks, when wounded, 
would frequently turn upon the hunters and prove quite ugly customers. 
Encounters of this kind were not at all rare, and many of them were exci- 
ting if not thrilling. Space forbids full descriptions of affairs of this kind 
— cf the fight Mr. Sam Martin had with a huge buck in olden time; of 
how Mr. Mooney caught a deer in a shock of corn and held it until a boy 
ran a quarter of a mile and brought a knife, with which he cut the ani- 



190 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

mal's throat; of how Capt. L. dispatched one with an axe, and afterward 
dived into ten feet of cold water to recover his weapon; etc., etc. 

A famous old buck, called " Old Crump," from the circumstance of his 
having a crumpled horn, a large specimen of his species, was well known 
among early hunters. He had been shot at and chased repeatedly by 
them. His range was in the neighborhood of Mr. Philin Irvine's, At 
last " Old Crump " was killed by J. A. Saufiey, in Irvine's grove. 

One morning in winter, over forty years ago, Mr. Philip Irvine started 
up three deer near a small ravine. Two of them ran away. The other 
jumped behind a bush and turned with its face toward Irvine, who fired 
at random. At the crack of the rifle the^deer, a large buck, fell. Irvine 
ran up to it to cut its throat, but just as he reached the animal it started up 
and attacked him. "I caught him by the horns," said Mr. Irvine, relating 
the incident a long time thereafter, " and endeavored to hold him down. 
The ground was covered with sleet, and we were on the edge of the 
ravine. Down the bank we went into the ditch and breaking the ice, 
which covered a pool of water at the bottom. Our fight was a hot one. 
First the deer would have the advantage, then I — owing to which one of 
us was near enough to the bank to brace his feet against it. Just as I 
was about exhausted, my dog came up, and I fell back, leaving the fight 
to him. I was completely worn out. I do not know how the fight 
between the dog and the deer would have terminated, but fortunately my 
brother came up and despatched the deer. On skinning the animal 
I found that my ball had struck it on the head and had merely 
stunned it. I was in a sad plight, for I was wounded, bruised and 
exhausted, and worse of all my bran new jeans pants were torn to shreds!" 

Beaver and otter were so plentiful at one time as to attract many 
trappers to the county, but that day has long since past. A famous 
trapper was one McReynolds. It is said that the beaver, otter, and 
muskrats would come up to him, lie down on their backs, and resign- 
edly await the manipulations of his skinning knife! 



ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 

Prior to 1820 this county, and indeed a very large expanse of country 
and territory adjoining, belonged to Cooper county. The land now com- 
prising Saline was then divided into three townships. Arrow Rock, Miami 
and Jefferson. These townships retained their names and their bound- 
aries upon the organization of the new county. Mr. McMahan was a 
justice of the peace for Miami; Jacob Ish for Jefferson. Missouri was 
then but a territory of the United States. 

The influx of population, the immense value of its natural resources, 
the certainty of its soon becoming able to "take care of itself," and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 191 

Withal the inconvenience of belonging to a county whose county seat was 
a lono- day's ride away, made it certain that Saline county must be formed. 
With regard to the origin of the division of states into county and town- 
ship organizations, which in an important measure, and to a great extent 
should have the power ind opportunity of transacting their own business 
and governing themselves, subject to the approval, of course, of the state 
and general government, of which they each formed a part, it may be 
asserted that it had its origin in the natural desire for and belief in the prin- 
ciples of self-government. There seems to be in every man an inherent 
inclination to do "that which is right in his own eyes," without command- 
ment or prohibition from any outside authority. 

The principles of "home rule" are eternal, for they are natural. They 
follow a man's love of home and country. And man loves them and is 
devoted to them in this order: 

First, his house-home, which, however humble, is his castle, his domin- 
ion, his empire. And here he reigns as emperor, with his wife for 
empress, his children for princes and subjects. No spot so dear as this. 
Then his neighborhood, with his neighbors and friends ; and there are 
laws here, unwritten though they may be, which he reverences and 
regards. Then his township; then his county; then his state; then his 
general government; then all mankind. 

It may be regarded as a rule that man will pay allegiance in the order 
named. And this, although but two of the governments possess the ele- 
ments of sovereignty. A distinguished American, Senator Conkling, of 
New York, returning from an extended trip to Europe and other foreign 
lands, some years since, was given a reception by his fellow-citizens. In 
response to an address of welcome, he said, among other things: "I have 
seen the best, the grandest, the most beautiful parts of the world. I have 
traveled in many lands where there is much to delight, to charm the natural 
senses of man. And I have been in nearly every state in this union, and 
in very many of the counties and cities in this state. But no land have I 
seen so great, so grand as the United States; no state so great, so grand, 
so dear as New York; no county so good as Oneida; no city so beautiful, 
so attractive, so rich in all that is dear to me, as Utica. 

"The world is governed too much." There should be fewer laws, and 
they should be more exactly and more rigidly enforced. Men should 
be governed more by laws of their own making. There should be more 
of local self-government, especially in this country of ours, where every 
man, in theory at least, is a sovereign freeman. The laws of the general 
government should be few and only those made strictly in conformity with 
the constitution and necessary to " provide for the common defense, estab- 
lish justice, and promote the general welfare." These should be uni- 
versally obeyed and enforced, and legislation on every subject possible left 



192 HISTORY .OF SALINE COUNTY. 

to the states. . The states, in turn, should remand everything consistent 
with their sovereignty and independence to the counties. 

A western author * says that the county system originated with Vir- 
ginia, whose early settlers soon became large landed proprietors, aristo- 
cratic in feeling, living apart in almost baronial magnificence on their own 
estates, and owning the laboring part of the population. Thus the mate- 
rials for a town were not at hand, the voters being thinly distributed over a 
great area. 

"The county organization" says Judge Haines, "where a few influen- 
tial men managed the whole business of the community, retaining their 
places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible at all, except in name, 
and permitted to conduct the county concerns as their ideas or wishes 
might direct, was moreover consonant with their recollections or traditions 
of the judicial and social dignities of the landed aristocracy of England, in 
descent from whom the Virginia gentlemen felt so much pride." 

In 1734 eight counties were organized in Virginia, and the S37stem, 
extending throughout the state, spread into all the southern states, and 
some of the northern states, except the nearly similar division into "dis- 
tricts" in South Carolina, and into "parishes" in Louisiana, from the 
French laws. Illinois, which, with its vast additional territory, became a 
county of Virginia on its conquest by Gen. Clark, retained the county 
organization, which was formally extended over the state by its first con- 
stitution, adopted in 1818, and continued in exclusive use until the consti- 
tution of 1848. Under this system, as in other states, most local business 
was transacted by the commissioners in each county constituting the 
county court. 

The " township system," according to Mr. Haines, had its origin in 
Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635. It grew out of a state of afiairs, 
thus described by the law providing for the system : " W/icrcas, particular 
towns have many things which concern only themselves, and the ordering 
of their own affairs, and disposing of business in their own towns," etc., 
etc.; therefore, " the freemen of every town, or the majority part of them, 
shall only have power to dispose of their own lands and woods, with all 
the appurtenances of said town, to grant lots, and to make such orders as 
may concern the well-ordering of their own towns, not repugnant to the 
orders of the general court." The township system has been adopted in 
Illinois, Iowa, and perhaps other states. It is maintained by the people of 
those states that the heavily populated districts always control the election 
of county commissioners, to the disadvantage of more thinly populated 
sections. In short, that under the exclusive county system, "equal and 

exact justice to all men " cannot be secured. 

* 

* Judge E. M. Haines, of Illinois. 



Ir^ 



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J^<i>, (h^^ ^ (>-tj a^^jd^ 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 193 

At the first session of tlie Missouri state legislature, begun in St. Louis, 
September 19, 1820, an act was passed, organizing, among others, 

" THE COUNTY OF SALINE."* 

The bill, it is believed, was introduced by Hon. Wm. Lillard, then a 
member of the legislature, from Cooper county, and previously a colonel 
in the war of 1812, from Tennessee. It passed without opposition, and 
was approved by the governor, Alexander McNair, the first elected gov- 
ernor of the state, November 25, 1820. At the same time the county of 
Lafa3'^ette (previously called Lillard, in honor of the gentleman before 
named), was organized, as also were the counties of Boone, Callaway, 
Chariton, Cole, Gasconade, Perry, Ralls, and Ray. 

The county was named from the character of the water of many of its 
springs. There were salt works, so-called, at one or two places in the 
county, where, although the machinery and the methods employed in the 
manufacture were of the rudest and simplest form and character, a very 
fair article, in very respectable quantities, of salt was produced. It was 
thought then that in time salt manufacture would be the leading industry 
of the county, and its most valuable feature. 

By the terms of the act of organization " the town of Jeflerson, in said 
county," was made the county seat. Bartholomew Gwinn and George 
Tennille were appointed judges of the county court. An act of the leg- 
islature was also passed at the same session, " prescribing the times and 
places for holding courts," and agreeable to the provisions of the act, 
the first term of the county court, of this county, was ordered to be held 
on "the third Monday (the 16th) of April, A. D. 1821." 

The county judges were appointed for four years. Bartholomew 
Gwinn was a native of Virginia, and had been a resident of the county 
about a year prior to his appointment. George Tennille was a descend- 
ant of one of the early French families of the state, and if not a native of 

*" Sec. 23. Be it fxirtJier enacted, That all that portioa of territory included within the 
following boundaries, to-wit: Beginning at a point where an extension of the range 
line between ranges 18 and 19, west of the 5th principal meridian, due north, will inter- 
sect the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river ; thence running due south to 
the bank of the said river, where the said range line terminates; thence Avith the western 
boundary Ime of Cooper county to the middle of the main channel of the Osage river; 
thence up said river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to a point at which an 
extension of the range line between ranges 23 and 24 will intersect the same; thence due 
north to the middle of the main channel of the river Missouri ; thence down suid river, in 
the middle of the main channel thereof, to the beginning; — shall compose the county of 
Saline." — Liws of Mo., I General Assembly, Gimp. 1. Of Counties. The boundaries were 
not long afterward changed to conform to those circumscribing the county at present, as 
follows: " Beginning in the center of the main channel of the Missouri river, where the 
range line dividing ranges 23 and 24 crosses said river at the northeast corner of Lafayette 
county; thence due south with said range line to the northwest corner of section 19, town- 
ship 48; thence due east with said section line to the county line dividing Cooper and 
Saline counties; thence north with said county line to the middle of the main channel of 
the Missouri river; thence up said river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the 
beginning." The count}' was surveyed by Gen. Dutf Green, and Benj. Chambers. 

13 



194 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Missouri, of the town of New Madrid, or of St. Genevieve, was born in 
Louisiana. He came from New Madrid to Saline county. 

The court, upon assembling, appointed Benjamin Chambers, clerk. He 
held the same office for sixteen years. Mr. Chambers was a Pennsylva- 
nian, and a member of the Chambers family, of Chambersburg. No 
more efficient officer ever held a place in the county. The early records, 
many of which are still in existence, show him to have been an accu- 
rate composer, a skillful penman, and an officer who comprehended that 
the work he was doing was not only for the benefit of the people of the 
county then, but for their posterity, and for generation after generation 
to come; for his records are all intelligibly and intelligently written, and 
with care and precision. It is to be regretted that a complete biographical 
sketch of this gentleman cannot here be given. 

After the appointment of the clerk, the next act of the county court 
was to appoint commissioners to take charge and care of the school 
lands within the county. Messrs. Jacob Ish, Peyton Nowlin, Peter Huff, 
Wm. McMahan and Charles English were appointed the commissioners, 
and " were sworn in open court." 

At this session Wm. S. Edwards was appointed constable of Arrow 
Rock township; Daniel McDowell, of Miami; and Alexander Goodin, 
of Jeflerson. There were but three townships — those named — then in 
the county. Wm. McMahan was justice of the peace for Miami town- 
ship; Jacob Ish, for Jefferson. 

Joseph H. Goodin was appointed assessor for the county, and had 
previously been appointed by the governor, sheriff of the count}^ to serve 
until there could be an election. David Warren was appointed county 
collector. Rev. Peyton Nowlin w^as appointed surveyor of the boun- 
dary line between this county and Cooper, to act in conjunction with Dr. 
Hart, of the latter named county. 

The next session of the county court was held July 16, 1821, "being 
the third Monday" of the month. Present — Gwinn and Tennille, judges; 
Benj. Chambers, clerk; J. H. Goodin, sheriff. 

The first business done and recorded was the appointment of Littlebury 
Estes, Daniel McDowell, and Wm. White, Jr., as commissioners " to view 
and mark out" the first road established in the county, "petitioned for by 
Lewis Rees and others, leading from the Arrow Rock to the Grand Pass, 
by the place where said Reese now lives, and from thence to the western 
boundary of the county, and make return to this court at the next term." 

The first letters of administration were granted at this court, to David 
Warren as administrator of the estate of James Warren, deceased, and 
Richard W. Cummins, Edward Burleson and Wm. Shipley, appointed 
appraisers of said estate. 

The first enumeration of the county was made just previous and reported 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 195 

to the October term of the court, 1821, it taking the assessor, J. H. 
Goodin, (or sheriff', for he was both,) just eight days to make the said 
enumeration. The population of tlie county at this time was 1,176. 

It seems that there was a deficiency in the county tax for the first year, 
and also a deficiency in the state tax, as it was ordered by the court at 
the January term, 1822, "that the sum of four dollars tbrty-three and two- 
third cents be allowed to David Warren (collector) for the deficiency of 
the county tax, 1821," and also ordered " that the sum of thirty-six dollars, 
seventy-seven and two-third cents be allowed to David Warren, (collector) 
the deficiency of the state tax." 

At the same January term, 1822, the first ferry license was granted by 
the court, to John Nave, across the Missouri river at the mouth of Rich- 
land creek, for which he paid two dollars into the treasury. 

Thomas Shackelford, the third judge of the county court, having pro- . 
•duced his commission from the governor, was sworn in and took his seat 
at the February special term of the court, 1822. 

At the same term the court fixed the boundaries of the three townships, 
Arrow Rock, Jefferson and Miami, into which the county was then divided, 
Arrow Rock covering nearly the southern half of the county, and the 
northern portion being nearly equally divided between Jefterson and 
Miami. 

At the same time, February, 1822, Joseph H. Goodin was appointed 
collector, and different assessors were appointed for each township, Hugh 
Galbreath for Arrow Rock, William Ferrill for Miami, and Laban Gar- 
rett for Jefferson. 

At the August term of the court, 1822, the second year after its organ- 
ization, the court ordered one-half of the state tax for that year to be col- 
lected for the use of the county. 

The first deputy county clerk was appointed at the August term, 1822. 
J. H. Goodin, collector, being appointed deputy clerk. 

At the November term, 1822, James Wilkinson appears on the records 
as sheriff' of the county. He had been elected at the previous election, on 
the first Monday in August. Governor McNair commissioned him, Sep- 
tember 3, 1822, at St. Charles, then the capital of the state. 

One circumstance connected with Wilkinson's commission may be 
noticed. The first documents of that character bore the governor's pri- 
vate seal in attestation of their genuineness and authority, for the reason, as 
was stated in the commissions, that no seal of the state had been provided. 
The commission of Sheriff' Wilkinson bore that " strange device " known 
as the Great Seal of the State of Missouri, of which Mr. Samuel L. 
Clemens (Mark Twain), a native Missourian, says: "The armorial crest 
of my own state consists of two dissolute bears holding up the head of a 



196 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

dead and gone cask between them, and making the pertinent remark, 
' United we stand, {hie) divided we fall.' " 

To show how small was the valuation of property in Miami township, 
at this early day, it is only needed to state the amount of pay allowed to 
Wm. Ferrill for the assessment of the taxable property of that township 
for the year 1822, which was three dollars. 

The fees paid the county officials in 1822 sound very small at the pres- 
ent day, though, when properly understood, they were larger than they 
now are. At the November term, 1822, B. Gwinn was allowed, for ser- 
vices as judge of the county court, $22; B. Chambers, for services 
as clerk, $33.25; while J. H. Goodin, former sheriff, was allowed $45.53, 
and as deputy clerk, $26.00, for general and special services. 

At the November term, 1822, the first final settlement of an estate was 
made (that of Wm. Bones, deceased, by H. Tennille, administrator), the 
value of the property and sales being $874,01|. 

The first tavern license was granted to John McMahan at the February 
term of the county court, 1823, to keep a tavern in the town of Jefferson, 
he paying the sum of ten dollars into the treasury. 

It seems that the first collector of the county, David Warren, had some 
difficulty in making his settlement with the court, as in the February 
term, 1823, it was ordered by the court that "David Warren, collector for 
1821, have until the next term of this court to settle respecting the certifi- 
cate of non-resident land sales to the state, for taxes, etc." 

Many of the settlers, being from Kentucky and Virginia, and other 
slave-holding states, had brought with them their servants. There was 
a considerable slave population, which was constantly being increased, and 
it became necessary to appoint patrollers. At the May term, 1824, of the 
county court, the following patrollers were appointed for the county : 

Arrow Rock Township — John Hargrove, captain, and Wm. Chick and 
Alexander Galbreath. 

ycferson Tozvnshif — John McMahan, captain, and Thomas Rodgers 
and Thos. Shackleford. 

Miami Township — Nally Thomas, captain, and George Davis and Lewis 
Rees. 

The stock of the settlers " ran wild." That is to say there were no 
herd laws or stock laws to cause vexation and breed dissension, and the 
hogs and cattle grazed and roamed at will. Herds began to be numer- 
ous, and although not of the best strains, were very valuable. Every set- 
tler had his " mark " or " brand," and if he was inclined to be particular 
he had it recorded. There was a great deal of danger that otherwise it 
might be appropriated by another party animated with no good intent. 
And so it came to pass that every settler knew his neighbor's " mark "as 
well as he knew his name; and it was made a crime to change a "mark" 



fl 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 197 

or brand with evil purpose, almost as serious as to alter the face of a 
promissory note. As early as the first year of the county's organization 
— 1821 — Wm. McMahan made haste to record his mark and brand as 
follows : 

Wm. McMahan's mark is as follows, viz: A crop and sHt in the right 
ear and a swallow-fork in the left. His brand is the letter O. 

And on the 4th day of September, 1822, the count}' clerk, Benjamin 
Chambers, recorded the fact that — 

B. Chambers has for his mark a slit in each ear; his brand the letter G. 

The practice of thus marking animals for purpose of identification long 
remained, and indeed is not yet utterly extinct. 

The county government was now fully and completely organized, and 
its machinery in perfect running order. It had passed from its condition 
as a portion of Cooper county through the confusion incident to its forma- 
tion; its wildernesses had been made to bring forth grain and fruits 
abundantly; its waste places to blossom and to bear; its pioneers had 
become "old settlers;" it had engaged in the conflict for existence inter- 
minable, and it took its place — and not a second place either — among the 
other counties of the state, to soon become the peer of the proudest of 
them, and the superior of very many of them. 

SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY FROM 1830 TO 1840. 

It is impossible to give the name of every settler who came into the 
county after the year 1820 for the next twenty years, or even to mention 
in detail all the settlements that were made during that time. Fol- 
lowing, however, is a general sketch of the settlements made, names of 
very many of the settlers, etc., etc., which, it is believed, will be found of 
interest, if not of value, in many instances. This sketch may also be 
depended upon as being in the main authentic and correct. A few mis- 
takes may have occurred, but they are not many nor important. Very 
many of the facts and much of the information have been derived from 
the historic papers of Mr. Jerrold Letcher, some of which were compiled 
by his father, the Hon. Wm. H. Letcher, and much of the matter has 
been compared with statements obtained by the publishers, and found to 
be correct. 

Prior to 1820, as has been already narrated, the settlers kept to the 
heavily wooded bottoms, where they had the conveniences of timber and 
water navigation " unvexed to the sea," if they willed it. But settlers 
came pouring into the county in such numbers that there was no longer 
room for them in the timber, and they must perforce go to the prairies. 
Thornton and Nave had demonstrated that the prairie lands were suscep- 
tible of cultivation, and they began to be chosen as favorite locations. 
But in almost every instance these prairie farms adjoined the timber grow- 
ing on the water courses, up which the settlers had pushed. Farms 



198 ' HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

might be made outside of tracts of timber, but not without plenty of that 
article. 

In 1819, Asa Finle}- went out on the Salt Fork, and two years thereafter 
settled at the mouth of the stream. Many years thereafter, speaking of 
the prevalance of timber in the region of the salt springs he said : " Rails 
and house logs now grow where then I could not cut a riding switch." 

In 1823, Wm. Hayes removed from the Big bottom to the bluff, and 
before this date Thos. Shackleford and Drury Pulliam were living on the 
high ground or bluff near where the Glasgow and Lexington road leaves 
the bottom. In the summer of that year, Anthony Harvey located in a 
tract of land which includes the present town of Arrow Rock. 

In 1821, Alexander Gilbraith located and built a mill at the present site 
of Jonesborough, with Wm. Edwards and Mr. Chapman for very near 
neighbors. 

In 1824, Abram Smith had located on Camp creek, and Joseph Rob- 
inson, Samuel Davis, Richard Scott, Henry Gilbraith, and Wyatt Bing- 
ham had located near Alex. Gilbraith's mill. Isaac Odell settled on the 
place known as the Robert Y. Thomson place. The Wheelers, Harrises, 
and Wolfskills ventured up Edmondson's creek. Hughes, where Bethel 
chapel is now, and the McReynolds families, in the Grand Pass region, 
did not hesitate to trust the prairie soil and kind Providence to bring them 
a subsistence, a seedtime and a harvest. 

In 1826 the "big rise" in the Missouri covered all the bottoms with 
water and drove out the settlers. In this year Green McCaflerty was set- 
tled on the headwaters of Cow creek. Geo. Rhoades and Nathaniel 
Walker had settled near Frankfort. Bartholomew Gwinn is reported to 
have settled on the present town site of Frankfort in 1817. Quite a set- 
tlement was soon formed here known as the Gwinn settlement. Including 
North Rock creek and Bear creek, this settlement contained, shortly after 
the coming of Rhoades and Walker, both Wm. and Bartholomew Gwinn, 
Benj. Hawkins, Col. Jno. Smith, Bardett Gwinn, Col. Ben. Chambers, 
first county clerk and described by the old pioneers who knew him as " the 
politest man in the county," Jno. Jackson, Thos. Shackelford, R. Y. 
Thomson, Adam Ham, and probably a few others. Many of these were 
refugees from the submerged Missouri bottoms. 

In 1827, James Wilhite, who had removed to Lafayette county, returned 
and settled on Fish creek with his old friend Wm. Haes, and James 
Crossland and Hugh Tennille for neighbors. Henry Nave moved out of 
Cox's bottom and settled south of Bryan post office. 

In this year — 1827 — there was a very heavy immigration into the 
county, especially in the fall of the year, and the ferry at Arrow Rock was 
kept very busy transporting immigrants to the Saline county side. The 
newcomers were principally from Virginia and Kentucky. The Lewises, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 199 

the Millers and the Risers, from the valley of the Virginia, came in force. 
Mr. Finley, from Kentucky, located on Salt Fork, on what was recently 
known as the Jarvis Smith farm. The same year Ephraim McLean came 
over from Howard county and settled near James Sappington and John 
Shipton, who had preceded him. 

In 1828, Capt. Daniel Kiser settled on Straddle creek. The origin of 
the ineuphonous, not to say inelegant, name of this stream is thus given 
by an old pioneer: Three hunters were pursumg an elk up the stream, at 
an early day, by trailing him. At one time they lost his track, but pres- 
ently one of them found it and exclaimed to his companions, "Boys, I've 
found him! Here he goes straddle of the creek^ and he just keeps strad- 
dling along." 

John and Samuel Miller opened and settled a farm on the north of Salt 
Fork, for a long time known as the Judge Story farm. About the same 
time John Baker settled on a tract between Kiser and Col. Lewis, his only 
other neighbors being Abram Smith on the east, on Camp Creek, and 
another man living on the Marshall Durrett farm; on the north Wm. 
Huffman, and George Davis, up in the Petite Osage plains. 

With the ex'ception of the Kiser settlement and Jones at the Big Salt 
Spring, the entire region from McCafferty's to the settlement of the 
Reavises, on Blackwater, and from Gilbraith's mill, on Salt Fork, to 
George Davis' farm, up in the plains, was in 1 828 an unbroken wilder- 
ness. There was an encampment of 400 or 500 Osage Indians, about two 
and a half miles northeast of Malta Bend and numerous bands of lowas, 
Sacs and Foxes, with occasional Kickapoos, and Kaws from the west, 
roamyd over the country at will in quest of game. There were none to 
molest them or make them afraid, and none whom they molested. Game 
was abundant and easily secured, and water was plenty. An Indian 
makes a god of the belly, and to it offers abundant sacrifice when the 
opportunity presents itself, and there was here a magnificent opportunity 
for that species of worship. 

The grass on the prairies was in most places as tall as a medium sized 
man, while on the Petite Osage plains it grew so tall that a man on horse- 
back could easily tie it over his head. Fire set out would spread rapidly 
for miles away, driving out hundreds of deer, wolves, rabbits, and other 
animals, which would leap from their grassy coverts and bound away to 
find shelter and safety. The hunters frequently fired the prairies in 
order to drive out the game, a very destructive practice, as it retarded or 
prevented the growth of timber, and frequently burned up valuable property. 

The only road through the county that was much used, was the one 
from the Arrow Rock to Grand Pass, which crossed Cow creek and ran 
about a mile south of Mt. Carmel church, and which is probably the one 
that the county court in January, 1822, ordered Lewis Rees, Dan'l Thorn- 



200 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ton, and Green McAftert}- "to view and mark out." At the same session, 
Cornelius Davis, Wm. Hays, old Natty Walker, and others were directed 
to "mark out a road from the Blackwater salt works to the ferry at 
Chariton;'* and Dan. Mann, Wm. Jobe, and Wm. Hampton, to " mark out a 
road from the ferry at Chariton to the town of Jefterson;" and Almond 
Gwinn, Wm. Shipley and Joseph Burleson, to "to mark out a road from 
Jeflerson to the upper end of Rush bottom, (so called from the g'reat 
number of rushes,j where Daniel Tilman now lives." Yet these latter 
roads could hardly be termed public ones, since they were only used for 
local travel. 

In 1S2S, Dr. Geo. Penn located on the hill immediately above the town 
site of Jonesborough and began the practice of his profession. The field 
of his labor extended from his residence to the Grand Pass and all along 
the Blackwater and Hetch's creek. Previous to his coming. Dr. John 
Sappington had been the principal minister to the ills to which Saline 
county flesh had fallen heir. A little before the coming of Dr. Penn, 
Samuel Hays, J as. Montgomery, and Moses Johnson had settled in the 
Salt Pond countr}-, where they were joined by Logsdon. 

In 1829-30, to this settlement came James Fitzpatrick, Robert Owens, 
Isaac Parsons, and his sons, the doctor, and Edward, who settled a mile 
and a half southeast of Brownsville, where the senior Parsons erected a 
mill. At this time the only persons north and east of Parsons were Benj. 
Prigmore, Anderson Reavis, Joseph Dixon, Fielding Pennell, Hays, John- 
son, Montgomery, and Logsdon. 

Prior to this, Nathan Harris and Stephen Trigg were making salt, 
down on Blackwater, near Harris' mill, and still carried on the business, 
with Benj. Willow in their employ. They did quite a business, and set- 
tlers, miles and miles away, used salt made by them. At the Big Salt 
springs, John A. Jones had been extensively engaged in salt manufacture 
for some time. He was quite a personage in his day, although a little 
*' of! color," in his complexion. He claimed to be a Portuguese, but many 
believed him to be an octoroon. On one occasion an Indian " grabbed 
wrists " with Jones, and after the grasps were relaxed, the red man, after 
smelling his fingers, with a contemptuous expression of countenance, 
exclaimed: "Ugh! You no Portiigce. You d — n Algger-g^teV 

In 1830, Jesse Lankford settled a mile or so east of Marshall; the 
McClintics, father and sons; the Lewises— Jno. M., William, and Wash- 
ington — reached the county, the last two settling in the Grand Pass 
country the same year, and Col. Jno. M. three years later; and the 
DeMosses, John and William. Two 3'ears later, Mr. Brown settled near 
where Mt. Carmel church now stands, and the next to settle in this 
neighborhood was Maj. Thos. H. Harve}'. After him came Daniel 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 201 

Snoddy, Joseph Gaulden, Col. John Brown, P. G., Hugh, and James Swan 
— the last, however, not till 1838. 

In 1834, came Washington Lucas into the Gwinn settlement, where he 
found, in addition to those already named, Thos. Monroe, James Garrett, 
Abner Gwinn, and Allen, Harrison, and Elijah Gwinn, three brothers, who 
occupied the tract whereon Frankfort stands. Subsequently came Matt. 
Ayres and sons, Alexander, Jas. Jones, Hickerson, and William S. Field. 
Between 1829 and 1834, there settled at Arrow Rock, Wm. Brown, O. B. 
Pearson, Burton Lawless, Jesse McMahan, Judge Joseph Huston, and Mrs. 
Henry Bingham, the mother of Geo. C. Bingham, afterward one of the most 
prominent men of the state, renowned for many things, who painted his 
first pictures in the little shop in which he used to work, sketching them 
with chalk, or "keel." In 1833, the Van Meters had settled near the 
"Pinnacles." In 1834, John Duggins settled southwest from the present 
town site of Marshall. His neighbors were Cornelius Davis, old Natty 
Walker, and Henry Pemberton. In 1834, Jeremiah Odell, Dr. Read 
Stephen Smith, Aaron F. Bruce, and Samuel Wall, went upon the high 
prairie, beyond the Salt Fork, in the direction of Old Jefferson. 

In 1833, John McDonald settled on Heath's creek; he sold out to James 
Witcher, who had for neighbors, Gearin Head, who had come in the fall 
before, and Wm. Corn, the latter four miles northwest, and McClure, 
beyond him north of the Blackwater. Mr. Witcher found game plenty 
and often killed a deer in the morning before breakfast. When asked, 
many years after, what induced him to select this place, he replied: "I 
was looking for good water, good timber, and good land, and found them 
all right here." 

Isaac Neff visited Ft. Cooper, in 1820, but did not make a permanent 
removal until 1836, when he settled the place afterward known as Bryan 
postoffice. When he came, Benjamin Brown was already in the neighbor- 
hood, and soon after there were Ezekiel Scott, Burnis Brown, Mortimer 
Gaines, and Rice Wood. Maj. Thos. H. Harvey settled, the same year 
in the Mt. Carmel neighborhood, and built and occupied the house w^here 
his son, Thomas, afterward resided. Robert C. Land also settled in the 
Shackelford neighborhood. Here were Wm. T. Gilliam, Geo. Hawkins, 
Dr. Kinear, Peter Huff, and Almond Gwinn. Joseph and Samuel Grove 
came soon after. This settlement was near old Jefferson, at which place, 
at this time, the residents were F. H. Gilliam, Thos. Lewis, Wm. A. 
Wilson, Dr. John A. Hix, J. Davis, Nicholas Land, Perry Scott, and 
Spencer Vaught. 

In 1838, there were two more of the Reavis family, Overton and doctor, 
in the Salt Pond country, and also John Berry, Thos. and Robert Hickin- 
son, James G. Beatty, Thos. Hunter, John and Robert Owens, James 
Yantis, Asa, Henry and Simeon Pennington, Ed. Armentrout, old Capt. 



202 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Bright, Charles, Murray, and George Francisco, and Wm. B. and Geo. 
Kincaid, who lived about three miles east of the site which Brownville 
occupies. Thos. Miller settled here this year, and his son, Calvin J., the 
following year. About this time, John McAllister located at the springs 
since bearing his name. 

In 1840, Beverly Carey moved down and settled at Hazel Grove; Ben- 
jamin Miller and Wm. Brown were his neighbors. The Lynches, Dr. 
Yantis, Ostrander, the Fergusons, and others, were on the Blackwater. 

About 1839, Judge W. B. Napton settled at "Elk Hill;" T. C. Dug- 
gins, on Edmondson's creek; Henry and Tillman Weedin settled on Cow 
creek, where Henry built a mill about 1843. 



FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. 

Before the first term of the county court was held there was a 
term of the circuit court holden at Old Jefferson, February 5, 1821. Hon. 
David Todd was judge; Hamilton R. Gamble, afterwards provisional 
governor of the state, etc., was district attorney; Chambers was clerk, and 
Joseph Goodin, sheriff. The following attorneys were in attendance: H. 
R. Gamble, Cyrus Edwards, George Tompkins, John S. Buckey, John F. 
Ryland, Dabney Carr, Abiel Leonard, and Duff Green. At least four of , 
these attorneys— Gamble, Ryland, Leonard and Green — afterward became 
men of prominence in the affairs of the state and the country. 

There were no cases tried at this term of court, notwithstanding the 
array of lawyers present. A grand jury was impanneled and sent out 
" to inquire into all offenses within the body of this court." It was com- 
posed of Drury Pulliam, foreman; Abel Garrett, Bartholomew Gwinn, 
Jonathan English, William McKissick, Joseph Robinson, Hosea Hamp- 
ton, Alexander Goodin, Jacob Ish, John Lamb, Peter Hufi', William 
Hays, Geo. Baxter, William Ramsey, John Colvin, John Jackson, John 
Sutton, Almond Gwinn, Baker Martin, Jacob Wilhelm, Wm. D. Hamp- 
ton, Jeremiah Odell and David Warren — twenty-three in all. "After 
being out some time," says the record, " the grand jury returned into court, 
and having nothing to present, were discharged by the court." The 
court thereupon adjourned until "court in course." 

At the June term, 1821, of the same court, there was some business 
transacted, however. A grand jury, of which Joseph Robinson was 
foreman, found indictments against Rev. Pe3'ton Nowlin, for usurpation of 
the office of justice of the peace; against Sarah Shockley, Jane Day, and 
Rebecca Shockley, for assault and battery; against James Millsap and 
Benjamin Goodin, for an assault and an affray; against Jeremiah Odell, 
for an affray; two bills against John B. Wall for assault and batter3\ 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 203 

Two civil suits were begun — Samuel Walls z's. Jacob Ish, "in debt,'* 
and Holdeman & Co. vs. Sterling Nuckolls, " in debt." 

Court was in session two days, when it adjourned " until court in 
course." 

At the October term, begun on the first of the month, the parties 
indicted at the Tune term were tried. The first criminal conviction in the 
county (tell it not to Phoebe Cozzens) was of a woman ! Sarah Shockley, 
indicted at the June term for assault and battery, was convicted and fined 
three dollars. Her sister-in-law, Rebecca Shockley, had her case con- 
tinued, and the case against Jane Day was dismissed. The jury that 
tried and convicted Miss Shockley was composed of John Jackson, Jacob 
Wilhelm, Robert Davis, Wm. McKissick, Wm. Hughes, Harrison 
Vaughn, Elijah Gwinn, Edwin Hicks, John Copeland, John Brummet, 
Almond Gwinn, and Wm. A. Gwinn. 

Rev. Peyton Nowlin was tried on. the charge of usurpation of author- 
ity, and acquitted. James Millsap plead guilty to being concerned in an 
affray, and was fined three dollars. Benj. Goodin, indicted with Milisap, 
plead not guilty, was tried, convicted, and fined five dollars. Jeremiah 
Odell plead guilty to being concerned in an aftray, and was fined five dol- 
lars. John B. Wall was fined five dollars for an afii^ay in one case, and 
acquitted in another. 

On the civil calendar, Samuel Wells obtained judgment against Jacob 
Ish for the sum of $15, and the case of Holdeman & Co. vs Sterling 
Nuckolls was discontinued. 

Other cases disposed of were David Warren vs. Ira A. Emmons; 
Joseph Haslip vs. George Tennille; Ira Emmons vs. George C. Hartt, 
and Simon Leland vs. George C. Hart and George Tennille. 

It has been impossible to ascertain further particulars regarding these 
early sessions of the court, but perhaps enough of general interest has 
been given. 

At the March term, 1824, Abiel Leonard presented a commission from 
Gov. McNair appointing him to the office of district attorney in the room 
of H. R. Gamble, who had resigned. At this term a singular suit was 
begun. "Jack," a slave, brought suit against Wm. Chick, Sr., Wm. 
Chick, Jr., and Robert Wallace for damages for assault and battery and 
for false imprisonment. Abiel Leonard, "Jack's" attorney, asked leave for 
his client to sue as a pauper, which was granted; and the Chicks were 
especially cautioned by Judge Todd to " permit Jack, the plaintifl" herein, 
to have a reasonable liberty of attending his counsel and this court when 
occasion may require, '^ * and that he be not taken or removed out of the 
jurisdiction of this court, or subjected to any severity by reason of the 
application herein to this court to sue for his freedom." Before the next 
term of the court, at which the case was to be tried, the Chicks released 



204 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Jack, and he dismissed his suit against them, upon their agreeing to pay 
the costs, which they afterward did in open court. 

It seems somewhat strange that Judge Todd should have allowed Jack 
to sue for his freedom in this, then a slave state, when thirty-five years there- 
after the supreme court of the United States declared that a negro had not the 
legal capacity to bring a suit in any court of the United States. The celebrated 
Dred Scott decision announced principles decidedly in contradiction to 
those contained in Todd's decision certainly, for he gave the Chicks to 
understand that Jack, though a negro and held as a slave, had " rights 
that they were bound to respect." 

The first and second terms of court were held in a log cabin, minus a 
portion of the " chinking." The grand jury deliberated at the first term 
in the kitchen of a dwelling house, being in season but an hour or two. 
At the next term that body transacted its business under the spreading 
branches of a white oak tree. 



' FIRST REPRESENTATIVE. 

Prior to the organization of the county, as has been stated, it was inclu- 
ded within the territory of Cooper. The first representative in the legis- 
lature from the county was Martin Palmer, a very eccentric character 
and withal a very notable one. The stories told of him would fill a large 
volume. He was of the frontier genus and David Crockett species, or 
rather of the " half horse and half alligator " kind of men. He called 
himself " the Ring-Tailed Panther," or as he expressed it, " the Ring- 
Tailed Painter," and he rejoiced in the cognomen. He was uneducated, 
unpolished, profane, and pugilistic. At musters and other gatherings 
Palmer would invariably get half drunk and as invariably have a rough 
and tumble fight. At the first session of the legislature he attended, held 
at St. Charles, some of the members engaged in a free and easy knock- 
down. Governor McNair ran out and into the crowd and commanded 
the peace " in the name of the state of Missouri," when Palmer hauled off 
and knocked him down, sending his excellency " galley-west," and half a 
rod away. 

Wetmore's Gazetteer (1837), relates the following incident in the career 
of the ring-tailed member from Saline: As the time approached for the 
second meeting of the legislature, of which he w^as a member. Palmer 
loaded a small keel-boat w^ith salt from the works in this county, and set 
sail from the mouth of Blackwater for the capital, intending to accomplish 
two things — legislation for his constituents and a profitable commercial 
transaction for his own benefit. Having taken the helm himself. Palmer 
manned his craft with his son and a negro, and started on his voyage. 
Uniting as he did, business and politics, while afloat on the river, he stood 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 205 

astride of the tiller with a newspaper in hand (about six weeks old), out 
of which he was spelling with all his might, the leading points of a politi- 
cal essay. 

While engaged in this labor, the boat reached a point in the river oppo- 
site the famous Hardeman's Garden, five miles above Old Franklin, and 
the assemblyman was warned by his vigilant son, who was on the look- 
out, that there was a " sawyer ahead." Deeply engrossed with a string of 
polysyllables, Palmer replied, " Wait a minute until I spell out this other 
crack-jaw word; it's longer than a gun-barrel." The current of the Mis- 
souri, however, was no respecter of persons or words; the river "went 
ahead," and the boat ran afoul of the nodding obstruction, and was thrown 
on her beams-end. The next whirlpool turned her keel uppermost. The 
cargo was discharged into the deep, and the salt not only lost its savor, 
but its identity. The negro, in a desperate struggle for life, abandoned 
the ship and swam to shore; but the steersman, like a true politician, 
determined to stick to his craft, as he would to his party, and succeeded 
in keeping uppermost for some time. Having divested themselves of their 
apparel, to be in readiness for swimming, the father and son continued 
astride of the keel until the wreck was landed at the town of Franklin. 
Here the member from Saline, who was long and lean, was supplied with 
a suit of clothes by a gentleman who was short and fat. Palmer's new 
raiment hung as loosely about him as the morals of the average politician. 

The father and son were invited into the habitation of a worthy gen- 
tleman to rest and refresh themselves. While recounting their perils, at 
the breakfast table, the lady who was administering coffee, inquired of 
the shipwrecked legislator, if his little son had not been greatly alarmed. 
The " Painter " of the circle-striped-tail variety, replied : 

" No, madam. Fm a raal Ring-Tailed Painter, and I feed all my chil- 
dren on rattlesnakes' hearts fried in ' painter's ' grease. There are a heap 
of people that I would not wear mournin' for if they was to die; but your 
husband, marm, hez a heart ez big ez a court house. When we wuz a 
floatin' bottom uppermost (an unpleasant predicament for the people's rep- 
resentative) past Hardeman's garden, we raised the yell like u team of 
bear dogs on a wild cat's track, and the black rascals on shore, instead of 
comin' out to help us, stood thar and grinned as if they had ketched a fat 
buck 'possum. Now, marm, I wish God A.\m\g\\\.y''s yearthqiiakes would 

sink Hardeman's d d old plantation — beggin' your pardon .for swearin', 

marm. 

" I spose you wouldn't like me to spit on this kiver-lid you've spread on 
the floor to keep it clean; I'll go to the door; out in Saline zvc don't mind 
puttin' anything over our puncheon floors. The river, marm, I find, is 
no respecter of persons ; for, notwithstanding I am the people's represen- 
tative, I was cast away with as little ceremony as a stray dog would be 
turned out of a city church; and upon this principle of democratic liberty 
and equailty, I told McNair, when I collared him and backed him out of 
the rumpus at the capital, when he was likely to spile the prettiest kind of 



i>06 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

a fight. 'A governor,' sez I, 'is no more in a fight than any other man.' 
I slept with Mac once, just to have it to say to my friends in Saline, that 
I had slept with the governor." 

About the year 1830, "the Ring-tailed Painter" removed to Texas, 
took part in her war for independence, and at its close was chosen a mem- 
ber of the council of the then republic, on the strength of his legislative 
experience in Missouri. 



HISTORY FROM 1820 TO THE BLACKHAWK WAR. 

In 1822 occurred an event which was long remembered by the citizens. 
This was the first murder ever perpetrated in the county. The circum- 
stances were as foUow^s: 

The time of the tragedy was August 12th, of the year named. The 
locality was at the ford of Cow creek, at the lower edge of the grove, on 
the Lexington road. There stood a large elm tree on the spot, and under 
it, lay down to sleep, on the evening in question, an old Frenchman, named 
Jean Estelquay, alias Jean Sterkey, alias John Starkey. He had been a 
soldier in the war of the revolution, and had been granted a pension. He 
lived in Lafayette, or some other of the western counties, and had made a 
journey on foot to Booneville , the government agency, to procure his pen 
sion money. 

A scoundrel, named Andrew Turpin, described as a villainous-looking 
fellow, with his nose pierced like an Indian (he had probably belonged to 
an Indian tribe at one time), also a Frenchman, was in Booneville, saw the 
old veteran get his money, and followed him all day, seeking an oppor- 
tunity to kill and rob him. This opportunity presented itself when the 
old soldier lay down to pass the night under the famous big elm. Turpin 
had no weapons, and so he fashioned a lance, or spear, and with this killed 
the unfortunate Starkey, as he lay with his blanket around him, uncon- 
scious of any danger whatsoever. After robbing his victim, Turpin 
fled. The next day the body was found by some travelers, on their 
way east from Lexington. An inquest, conducted by Esquire Bartholo- 
mew Gwdnn, was held, and the body buried at the foot of the big elm. 

Turpin was apprehended, and at the next term of the circuit court (in 
November), was indicted for murder. He was confined in an out-build- 
ing, at Jefferson, and one night in December, pretended to have frozen his 
feet very badly. The sheriff' thereupon allowed him a good many liber- 
ties, and he was not slow to avail himself of his advantages, and soon 
made his escape. He was afterward heard of in Ray county, and a 
capias was sent up to the sheriff' of that county, but that official failed to 
arrest him, and soon after he went west, and, it is said, joined a band of 
Indians. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 207 

The courts took what seems now to be very singular action in this 
case. The following extract from the records of the circuit court, 
November term, 1824:, will fully explain: 

Saturday, Nov. 20, 1824. 

The Court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, the Hon. David 
Todd, Judge. 

The State of Missouri, 1 

vs. ^ 

Andrew Turpin, Defendant. J 

This day came the prosecuting attorney for the state and it appearing 
to the court here that at the circuit court held for the county of Saline 
at the November term, 1822, an indictment was found by the grand jury 
of said county against the defendant, that he did, on the 1 2th day of 
August, 1822, murder John Starkey, in said county, and that the said 
Andrew Turpin was in custody to answ^er the same and escaped before 
his trial thereon ; and that by the court of Saline circuit a capias was 
awarded to the sheriff' of said county where the fact was committed, and 
the said defendant being supposed to be in Ray county, a capias was 
awarded to said county of Ray and was delivered to said sherift' two 
months before the return day of the writ, and that upon both said writs 
the sheritis of both counties returned that the said defendant was not found 
in said counties ; and that a court held for Saline circuit at the July term, 
1824, did award a second writ of capias directed to said county and to the 
sheriff thereof, and that, therefore, at the return day thereof at this term 
the said sheriff' hath returned that the said defendant is not found in his 
bailiwick, and that he did cause a copy of the said writ of capias to be 
published in the Missouri Intelligencer^ a newspaper printed at Franklin, 
in said State; and further that the sheriff did cause public proclamation to 
be made at three several days in the circuit court of Saline county 
between the test and the return day of said writ; that the said Andrew Tur- 
pin should appear before the said circuit court of Saline county on the third 
day of the present term, being the return day of said writ, to answer the 
indictment or to prosecute his traverse thereof, or else that through default 
he should at this day be outlawed and stand convicted of the murder of 
which he stands indicted; and now, on this third day of the present term, 
the said Andrew Turpin, being solemnly called, did not yield himself to the 
sheriff of this county, or to this court, or stand histrial for the said murder — 
the court on consideration thereof, doth order, declare, and pronounce him, 
the said Andrew Turpin, outlawed and convicted of the crime of murder upon 
the body of him, the said John Starkey, alias Jean Sterkey, alias Jean 
Estelquay, and do declare and pronounce the said Andrew Turpin therefor 
shall be hung by the neck until he be dead." 

It seems strange, it may be repeated, that a judge of the reputed ability 
of David Todd, a candidate for governor, member of congress, etc., 
should sentence a man to death without trial, without being confronted 
with the witnesses against him, without any of the rights vouchsafed to 
criminals, but it seems he did so, and it is said he had law for so doing. 

Some time after the murder and burial of popr Starkley a laughable 
incident occurred under the same big elm. Another Frenchman, travel- 



208 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ing alone, overtaken by night, lay down to sleep just where his fellow- 
countryman had laid down and taken his last long sleep two years before. 
The last traveler was unconscious of what had happened, however, and 
slept serenely. The locality was said to be haunted, and the superstitious 
people of the neighborhood regarded it with something of dread and fear. 
A horseman living in the neighborhood came riding along. His horse, 
frightened at the object prone on the ground, started back in alarm. The 
Frenchman was awakened by the noise made by the horse, and started up 
with his blanket around him, and hailing the horseman in broken Eng- 
lish, or, perhaps, broken French, began making certain inquiries. This 
was enough for the horseman. He turned his horse about and hastily 
galloped away. Stopping at the first house he came to, he told the 
inmates that he had seen the ghost of John Starkey, the murdered 
Frenchman. "I am sure of it," he asserted, "for he stood up, with his 
shroud around him, and spoke to me in broken French." 

The county now began to assume, in many parts, a civilized aspect. 
Farms were plenty, comparatively speaking, and the two or three little 
towns in the county were doing considerable business, and thriving gen- 
erally. Steamboats ascended the river and landed at the Saline county 
ports, and communication with the outside world was frequent and of 
importance. 

The first steamboat that passed up the Missouri was the Independent, 
which made a voyage from St. Louis to old Chariton, above the mouth 
of the Chariton river, or two miles above where Glasgow now stands, in 
May, 1819; in June of the same year. Major Long, of th'e U. S. army, 
passed up the river with a boat called the Western Engineer^ which, in 
connection with two other boats, was bound on an exploring expedition. 
This boat was very oddly constructed. From the prow projected an 
image of a serpent's head, painted black, with a red mouth and a tongue 
the color of a live coal. The steam exhausted from the mouth of this ser- 
pent and produced a queer effect. Some Indians who were at the Arrow 
Rock when the boat passed that point, gazed upon the seeming monster 
with astonishment. A band of them followed it from Arrow Rock to 
Miami bottom, expecting it to " give out," they said, pretty soon, for it 
was so short of breath, and panted so! This boat was a side-wheeler, 
and as a means of exploration, proved a success. She was the first boat 
to ascend the upper Missouri. 

A very few of the pioneers of Saline are now living who remember this 
event; but a few years since, when Mr. Letcher made his tour of the 
county, there were several. It was something remarkable, and long made 
an impression. 

The most remarkable event of the year 1824 was the presidential elec- 
tion. This was the first election of the kind in which the county was to 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 209 

take a part. The candidates were Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee; Henry 
Clay, of Kentucky; Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia; and John Quincy 
Adams, of Massachusetts. Henry Clay carried the county by a majority 
over all the other candidates. There were a number of Kentuckians, and 
Tennesseeans then in the county, and they, in the parlance of politics, did 
" good work " for him. The following were the election places in this 
county and the judges of election: 

Arfoic Rock To-wnship — At Jones' mill. Judges, Wm. Cooper, Asa 
Findley, Joseph Huston. 

Jefferson Tozvnshif — At John McMahan's, in Jefferson. Judges, Bar- 
tholomew Gwinn, Wm. M. Chick, and Wm. Wolfskill. 

Miami Township — At the house of George Davis. Judges, Notley 
Thomas, George Davis, and Wm. McMahan. 

This election was held under the act of Dec. 17, 1822, and the proclama- 
tion of the governor, John Miller, and came off in August. Doubts hav- 
ing arisen as to the legality of the election, the legislature chose the three 
electors of the state on the 20th of November, 1S24. 

The result of this election, as is known, not being satisfactory to the 
friends'of Gen. Jackson, he was placed in nomination four years thereafter. 
John Quincy Adams was chosen president by the house of representatives, 
into which body the election was thrown, his election being obtained by 
an alliance with the friends of Henry Clay. Upon Mr. Adams' elevation 
to the presidency, he appointed Mr. Clay his secretary of state. Immedi- 
ately the cry arose and the charge was made that there had been a " bar- 
gain and sale " between the Adams and Clay factions, by the terms of 
which the former had been made president, and Mr. Clay the premier of 
the government. This charge continued to be made against the great 
Clay until his death, which latter event occurred in May, 1852. 

In 1825 the legislature changed the boundaries of the county to their 
present form — given elsewhere. 

In May, 1826, occurred the "big rise" in the Missouri, which proved so 
disastrous to the early settlements in the bottom. The flood was caused 
by the melting of snows in the mountains and local streams. Cox's bot- 
tom and the Big bottom were overflowed to such an extent that the settlers 
were driven back to the highlands, and much of their property destroyed, 
and considerable of their live stock drowned. For further account of this 
flood the reader is referred to the account of the settlement of the bottoms. 
Although the " big rise " occasioned some temporary discomfort and even 
distress, it was a blessing in disguise to the county, since it caused settle- 
ments to be made away from the malaria-infected bottoms and out upon 
the fertile prairies, and thus led to the development of the best part of 
the county. 

Some of the settlers that were driven out never went back. They went 
14 



210 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

into camp at first on the highlands with their families; afterward they built 
temporary cabins, which became permanent upon mature reflection of 
their builders, who opened farms adjoining. 

There are conflicting statements as to the result of this overflow. Some 
old settlers have stated that there was a great deal of sickness in conse- 
quence; others (Esq. Ish, now living, among the number), say that no 
unusual amount of sickness followed. The bottoms were covered with 
water for about ten days. 

The presidential contest of 1828 was between Gen. Jackson and Mr. 
Adams. Gen. Jackson carried Saline county and the state of Missouri, the 
latter by a majority of 4,872 in a total vote of 11,672, and was elected. 
John Miller, an Adams man, was elected governor of the state without 
opposition. Dr. Sappington, Peyton Nowlin, and others were the leaders 
of the Jackson party in this county. The election was held as follows: 

Black Water Tozvnshif — At the house of Jesse Swope. Judges, Reu- 
ben E. Gentry, Jesse Swope and Solomon Reavis. 

Arrow Rock Township — At Jones' Mill, on Salt Fork. Judges, Dr. 
John Sappington, Joseph Robinson and Wyatt Bingham. 

Jefferson Township — At Jeflerson. Judges, Thomas Shackelford, Able 
Garrett, Sr., and Jacob Ish. 

Miami Township — At the house of Geo. Davis. Judges, Wm. McMa- 
han, Chas. Davis and Samuel McReynolds. 

In 1831, the county seat was removed from Jeflerson to Jonesboro. . The 
first term of the circuit court was held here on the 27th day of June. 
Hon. John F. Ryland was now the judge, in place of David Todd; Amos 
Rice, circuit attorney; Benj. Chambers, clerk. It is reported that this 
court was held in a stable-loft; that the horses were below, and among 
them was a venerable, strong-lunged Kentucky jack. The lawyers were 
wrangling over some law points, when the long-eared animal below lifted 
up its voice and cried aloud, with exceeding vehemence. " Mr. Sheriff', " 
said Judge Ryland, " go down there and make that fellow keep still, so as 
to give these other jackasses a chance to be heard!" 

Some men are yet living who assert that this incident actually happened, 
as here recorded. It is further stated that the animal so vigorously and 
frequently exercised his gift of speech, as it were, and interrupted the 
proceedings of the court to such an extent that the sheriff took him out 
and confined him in an out-building, which was afterward wanted as a 
jury room, necessitating the removal of the donkey to the woods. 

The next year a case was begun in the circuit court, which lasted two 
years, and was one of much celebrity in those days. It was the case of 
the " State of Missouri vs. Jim, a Slave," on an indictment for murder. 
The case was tried in Saline county four times, before Judge Ryland, the 
jury each time failing to agree. Jim belonged to Judge Todd, who at last 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 211 

came again upon the bench, succeeding Ryland. At the first term of the 
court held by Todd, Jim presented a pardon from the governor for his 
offense, but his honor refused to act upon the case in any manner what- 
ever, because of his relation to the prisoner, and sent it to Lafayette, 
where Jim was discharged. 

The presidential contest of this year excited some interest in Saline 
county — not as much, however, if it had not been the year of the Black 
Hawk war. Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren were the candidates 
of the democratic party; Henry Clay and John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, 
were the whig candidates; and the anti-masonic party had for its nomi- 
nees Wm. Wirt, of Virginia, and Amos Ellnaker, of Pennsylvania. The 
result of the election in the United States was that Gen. Jackson was elec- 
ted by an overwhelming majority of the electoral college. Henry Clay 
received but 49 electoral votes Vermont chose anti-masonic electors, while 
Souh Carolina, then pouting over what she imagined were grievous injuries 
received at the hands of Old Hickory, and never liking Clay, cast her vote 
for two men not candidates — John Floyd, of Virginia, and Henry Lee, of 
Massachusetts. In this election, Saline county voted for Clay and Ser- 
geant. 

The winter of 1830-31 was long remembered as the cold winter. The 
temperature was unusually low, and there was a great snow storm, phe- 
nomenal as to magnitude and extraordinary as to character for this lati- 
tude and locality. Snow began to fall on Christmas day, and fell continu- 
ously until New Years. It reached the extraordinary depth of four feet 
on an average, and in many cases well authenticated statements are to the 
effect that it drifted up to the roof of the cabins. The snow did not dis- 
appear until in March. The wind continued in the north and northwest for 
six weeks, never shifting or ceasing for a moment during that time. On the 
13th of February, at noon, there was a total eclipse of the sun, and imme- 
diately thereafter a gradual thaw set in, which lasted until the snow melted 
away. The weather was intensely cold, from January until the time of the 
eclipse. Game of every kind perished in the woods, as did the stock of the 
settlers that was not well cared for. It is said that the settlers even kept 
their dogs in the house to prevent them from destroying the famishing and 
half frozen game. 

Snow covered everything. The wells and springs were inaccessible, 
and the people melted snow and used snow-water exclusively, for many 
days. There was but little, if any, communication with the outside world, 
and many roads remained unbroken for weeks. It was with the greatest 
difficulty that Dr. Sappington and the other physicians of the county 
made their visits to the bedsides of their patients. 

In 1832, the county was visited by that dreaded pestilence, the Asiatic 
cholera. While its victims were but few, it caused very great alarm. It 



212 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

visited Arrow Kock, Jefferson, and there were a few cases in the interior 
of the county. The number of deaths in the county was about six. It 
was very destructive in St. Louis and other towns in the state. 

In May, of this year, a party of distinguished personages passed 
through the county on its way to the far west. The party was com- 
posed of Washingion Irving, Gov. Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut, a 
French count, and other individuals of greater or less renown. Wash- 
ington Irving and the French count stopped at the house of John M. 
Lewis, in Grand Pass township, for breakfast. Mrs. Mary J. Lewis, 
relict of Mr. Lewis, remembers that Irving was so charmed with the 
appearance of the country that he could scarcely contain himself. He 
admired the beautiful landscape spread out before him, and expressed his 
admiration in his choicest language. After breakfast the count went out 
on the prairie to take a shot at a herd of deer that had been discovered. 
While out he lost his handkerchief, which was afterwards found, and 
which is described by Mrs. Lewis as being a yard square, made of twilled 
silk, with a red and white striped border, an eighth of an inch wide, the 
center being of a cherry color. (Trust a woman to remember such 
things!) 

Irving, Geo. Ellsworth and others of the party, stayed that night at Mr. 
Wm. Miller's, in Grand Pass township, in company with Rev. Mr. Spratt 
a Methodist preacher then on that circuit. The party remained in this 
county for some days, engaged in hunting and other diversions, and then 
proceeded to Ft. Leavenworth and even further westward, among the 
wild Indian tribes. Every one who has read Irving's description of the 
capture of the wild horse as given in the school readers, is reminded that 
it was written on this trip of the author. 



THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 



In the year 1832, the people of Saline county, and indeed a great part 
of Missouri, became much excited over the then prevailing Black Hawk 
war. A full account of this war may not be void of interest. 

The scene of the struggle, as is well known, was in Wisconsin, and 
began in 1830. Its immediate cause was the occupation of Black Hawk's 
village, on Rock river, by the whites, during the absence of the chief and 
his braves on a hunting expedition, on the west side of the Mississippi. 
When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by white fami- 
lies, and their own women and children were shelterless on the banks of 
the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to repossess their 
village at all hazards, and early in the spring of 1831 recrossed the Mis- 
sissippi and menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 213 

It may be well to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty 
of 1804, to which they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should 
not be obliged to leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, 
and it does not appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned 
by the government. If this was true, the Indians had good cause for 
indignation and complaint. But the whites, driven out in turn by the 
returning Indians, became so clamorous against what they termed the 
encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois, ordered Gen. 
Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the Indians again 
from their homes to the west side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk says 
he did not intend to be provoked into war by anything less than the blood 
of some of his own people; in other words, that there would be no war 
unless it should be commenced by the pale-faces. But it was said, and 
probably thought by the militar}' commanders along the frontier, that the 
Indians intended to unite in a general war against the whites, from Rock 
river to the Mexican borders. But it does not appear that the hardy fron- 
tiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experience had been that, 
when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not dangerous. Black 
Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a 
new treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to 
remain forever on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the 
permission of the president or the governor of Illinois. Whether the 
Indians clearly understood the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was 
usual, the Indian traders had dictated terms on their behalf, and they had 
received a large amount of provisions, etc., from the government, but it 
may well be doubted whether the Indians comprehended that they could 
never revisit the graves of their fathers without violating their treaty. 
They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed never to recross the 
Mississippi with hostile intent. Hov/ever this may be, on the 6th day of 
April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women and chil- 
dren, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of Fort 
Armstrong, and went up Rock river. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force, 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his appear- 
ance create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that tjhe 
Indians never went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their 
women and their children. 

The Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet, and had taken possession of a tract about 
forty miles up Rock river; but that he did not remain there long, but 



214 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

commenced his march up Rock river. Capt. W. B. Green, who served 
in Capt. Stephenson's company of mounted rangers, says that "Black 
Hawk and his band crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his 
band had had bad luck in hunting during the previous winter, were actu- 
ally in a starving condition, and had come over to spend the summer with 
a friendly tribe on the head waters of the Rock and Illinois rivers, by 
invitation from their chief." Other old settlers, who all agree that Black 
Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came back to the west side 
expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new supply of provisions. 
The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which resulted so 
disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that during the 
fall and winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been 
fortunate in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt 
was outlawed in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to 
come over, and the fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to 
pursue them, another treaty could be negotiated, and from the payments 
from the government the shrewd trader could get his pay. Just a week 
after Black Hawk crossed the river, on the 13th of April, 1832, George 
Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson: "I am informed that the British 
band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on the frontier settle- 
ments. * * * From every information that I have received, I am of 
the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac Indians is to com- 
mit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And yet, from the. 
6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by firing on 
a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the state of 
Illinois. It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's 
run, Black Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, 
were determined to exterminate his people, determined to return to the 
Iowa side of the Mississippi. He could not return by the way he came, 
for the army was behind him, an army, too, that would sternly refuse to 
recognize the white flag of peace. His only course was to make his way 
northward and reach the Mississippi, if possible, before the troops could 
overtake him, and this he did; but, before he could get his women and 
children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a battle ensued. 
Here again he sued for peace, and, through his trusted lieutenant, " the 
Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving Indians did 
not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Mississippi, 
peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 215 

obtained, the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken 
again eight miles before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the 
slaughter (it should not be dignified by the name of battle), commenced. 
Here, overcome by starvation and the victorious whites, his band was 
scattered, on the 2d day of August, 1832. Black Hawk escaped, but 
was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien by three Winnebagoes. He 
was confined in Jefferson barracks until the spring of 1833, when he was 
sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On the 26th of April, they 
were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained till the 4th of June, 
1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and returned to 
their country, l^y order of the president, he was brought back to Iowa 
through the principal eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him all along 
his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he received. 
He lived among his people on the Iowa river till that reservation was 
sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines reservation, where he remained till his death, which 
occurred on the 3d of October, 1838. 

The proximity of these hostilities to the Missouri frontier caused Gov. 
John Miller to adopt precautionary measures to avert the calamities of an 
invasion which seemed imminent. Therefore, in May, 1832, orders were 
issued to the generals commanding the Missouri militia, to warn the mem- 
bers of their commands, "to keep in readiness a horse, with the necessary 
equipments, and a rifle, in good order, with an ample supply of ammuni- 
tion, etc."* 

The nearness of Saline county to the hostile territory, the familiarity of 
Black Hawk and the Sacs and Foxes with this country, together with the 
instinctive dread of Indians and Indian wars, led many settlers to fear a 
raid from the hostile savages, and many were the alarms, all of them false, 
that were raised. At least two companies of men, then belonging to the 
county militia, kept their powder dry for an emergency. The fear of the 
people of Indian incursions was not confined to Saline county. Frgm a fear 
of the Sac and Fox Indians the people gradually grew to be afraid of all 
Indians. Rumors were prevalent at one time that a general Indian upris- 
ing had taken place, in which even the friendly Osages had joined- 
Levens & Drake's History of Cooper county, p, 169, el seq.^ says: 

Some time during the 3^ear 1832, the people became terribly alarmed by 
the report that the Osage Indians were about to attack and massacre all 
the settlers in this vicinity. This report started first, by some means, at 
old Luke Williams', on Cole Camp creek. The people became almost 
wild with excitement. They left their plows in the fields, and fled precip- 
itately in the direction of the other settlements, towards Booneville. Some 
of them took refuge in a fort at Vincent Walker's, some at Sam Forbes', 

*J>wiizer's History of Missouri, p 225. 



216 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and others at Collin Stoneman's and Finis Ewing's. Hats and caps, shoes 
and stockings, pillows, baskets, and bonnets might have been seen along 
the old military road to Booneville, lying scattered about in beauti- 
ful confusion, all that day and the next, until the excitement had ceased^ 
Fortunately, the scare did not last long, as it was soon ascertained that the 
alarm was false, and that the Osage Indians had not only not contemplated 
a raid on the white settlements, but that they had actually become fright- 
ened themselves, and fled south of the Osage river.* But the panic was 
complete, and exceedingly frightful while it lasted. 

A fellow named Mike CTiism lived near the Bidstrup place. Mike had 
a wife and two children. They were already preparing f(^r flight. Mike's 
■wife was on horseback and had one child in her lap and one behind her, 
and Mike was on foot. At this moment a horseman came galloping up 
in great trepidation, and informed the little family that the Indians were 
coming by the thousands, and that they were already this side of Flat 
creek. On receiving this intelUgence, Mike, in great terror, said to his 
wife: '•''My God! Sally, I cati't zuait for yoii any longer P^ Suiting his 
actions to his words, he took to his scraper in such hot haste that at the 
first frantic jump he made, he fell at full length, bleeding and trembling, 
on the rocks. But the poor fellow did not take time to rise to his feet 
again. He scrambled oft' on all fours into the brush, like some wild animal 
leaving his wife and children to take care of themselves as best they could. 

In August, 1832, Gen. Stephen Trigg was ordered to take a body of 
militia and make a scout southwest and west of this county to see if the 
Indians were menacing the country from that quarter. It had been 
reported that a general attack was to be made on the settlements of Saline, 
Lafayette, Cooper, and the other counties adjoining. Saline county was 
called upon for a company and promptly responded. Her quota was raised 
in three days. It consisted of forty rangers or mounted riflemen. Each 
man furnished his own horse, arms, accouterments, and rations. Capt. 
Henry B.ecknell, who had formerly owned and operated the ferry at Arrow 
Rock, was chosen captain; Jacob Nave was 1st lieutenant; Ben. E. 
Cooper, 2d lieutenant; Jackson Smiley, orderly-sergeant. Unfortunately 
it is impossible to obtain the names of all the members of the company, 
but some of them were Wm. J. Wolfskill, Wm. Pruntin, Ephraim McClain, 
Henry Nave, and Ephraim Prigmore. 

The command started some time in the month of August, and there 
was "mounting in hot haste." Considerable marching was done. The 
expedition went up the LaMine and the Blackwater, to their respective 

*[The Osages were in mortal terror of the Sacs and Foxes, who were their deadly ene- 
mies. Black Hawk, when only nineteen years old, headed a war party of his tribe, that 
attacked the Osages near the mouth of the Chariton, and, according to Black Hawk's own 
account, he killed about one hundred of them. Some years thereafter, heand his tribe killed 
the occupants of about forty lodges of Osages. — R. I. H.J 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 217 

sources. It passed out by Knob Noster, in Johnson county, crossed the 
Osage, at a point just below Little Tebo, near where Warsaw now 
stands. Here a detachment was sent back for provisions and orders. 
Supplies were soon received, and orders obtained to complete the scout — 
that is, to canvass the county thoroughly, and if no hostile Indians w^ere 
found, to return. Several bands of Kickapoos were encountered, undoubt- 
edly on their way to join Black Hawk, as they were well armed, and bore 
other indications of being on the war-path. These were turned back 
without a fight, and made to understand that it would not be healthy for 
them if they were caught out on the same business again. The camps 
of the Osages were visited, and the occupants found to be attending to 
their own legitimate business, and entirely friendly. Lewas Rogers, their 
chief, assured Gen. Trigg of his fealty to the whites, and loyalty to their 
interests. Very soon the command returned to Saline county, and joined 
the main army, at Jonesboro. The Saline company was absent from the 
county just twenty-one days. When it returned to Jonesboro, it was dis- 
banded. 

Gen. Trigg is described by some of the men who were on this expedi- 
tion, as "a mighty peart man, and a good judge of Indians." Being 
struck with the fine appearance of the Saline county company, the Gen- 
eral chose it for his escort, or body-guard. 

Captain Becknell had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and had seen 
considerable service. He was also well versed in Indian warfare and 
fighting, and would have made a good record with his company if he had 
had opportunities. He was not of a religious turn of mind at all. Capt. B. 
was not. Many a settler remembers how volubly and with what wonder- 
ful force and power he could swear. He was a rough-and-tumble fighter of 
no mean ability. 



THE "STAR SHOWER" OF 1833. 

In 1833 occurred the wonderful meteoric display known as the " star 
shower," " the time when the stars fell," etc. This remarkable phenome- 
non was visible throughout the United States, and is the most memorable 
event of the kind on record. It was on the night of the 12th and 13th of 
November, lasting until and perhaps after daylight on the morning of the 
13th. It began at varidlis hours between 10 and 12 p. m., owing to the 
locality. The meteors fell as thick and fast as snow-flakes in a heavy 
snow storm. Together with the smaller shooting stars, which produced 
phosphorescent lines along their course, there were intermingled large fire- 
balls, which darted forth at intervals. These left behind luminous trains, 
which remained in view several minutes, and sometimes half an hour or 



218 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

more. One of these fireballs, seen in North Carolina, appeared of larger 
size and much greater brilliancy than the moon. Some of the luminous 
bodies were of irregular form, and remained stationary for a considerable 
time, emitting streams of light. At Niagara Falls the exhibition was 
especially brilliant, and probably no spectacle so terribly grand and sub- 
lime was ever before beheld by man as that of the firmament descending 
in fiery torrents over the dark and roaring cataract. The source whence 
these meteors came was computed by Prof. Olmstead at not less than 
2,238 miles from the earth.* 

In Saline county the celestial phenomenon was full}'^ as brilliant as else- 
where. Hundreds of people witnessed it, and it was an occasion of much 
excitement. Very many of the poorly informed people concluded that the 
judgment had come. It is said that the incident upon which is founded 
an oft-told story happened in this county. A man and his wife were 
sleeping the sleep of the just, the lady by a window. Awakening she saw 
the wonderful celestial pyrotechnical display, and arousing her husband 
in great terror she exclaimed: "Get up, old man, quick! The day of 
judgment has come!" Her liege lord hesitated but a moment, and turning 
over grumblingly replied: " O, lie down and go to sleep, you old fool, do 
you suppose the judgment day is going to come in the Jiightf'' 

The negroes especially were very much frightened. A dance was in 
progress on a farm in Arrow Rock township, attended exclusively by 
slaves from the neighborhood. When the shower began the dusky rev- 
elers were first made aware of the fact by a messenger who ran frantically 
into the cabin and shouted : " If you all wants to get to heaven you better 
'gin to say you' pra'rs mighty sudden, kase de Lawd is a comin' wi' de 
fire an' de glory, an' de wuld 'ill be burnt up like a cracklin"fore mornin'!" 
The dancers ran out, and scarcely had they seen the (to them) terrifying 
spectacle when they fell upon their knees and howled for mercy. Not for 
some days did they recover from their fright, or live without fear of some 
sudden and awful supernatural visitation. 

One old darkey declared that if the world and his life were spared he 
would guarantee to break eighty pounds of hemp every day, instead of 
fifty, as had been his wont! 

"Old Uncle Jimmy" Reavis and some other parties were engaged in 
a lawsuit for the possession of a negro named Ben. By the advice o£ 
their attorneys, the Reavis party had captured the darkey and kept him 
under guard. The night of the "star shower," the guards were on duty, 
but when the "shower" began they fell on their knees to pray, and while 
the prayer-meeting was in progress Ben very irreverently, and at the risk 
of being arrested for disturbing religious worship(?), got up and lit out for 
his friends on the other side of the case, making good his escape. 

*American Cyclopedia. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 21^ 

The next year there was another meteoric shower on the same day of 
the month, which was very brilliant, but not nearly so much so as that of 
1833. The November meteors are quite generally known, and no descrip- 
tion of them need here be given. 



HISTORY FROM 1834 TO THE "MORMON WAR." 

The winter of 1834-5, was intensely cold. ''The cold Friday and Sat- 
urday " were long remembered. The cold was very intense. Cattle had 
their horns frozen off, many old settlers assert, and in some instances, had 
their legs frozen off up to the knees. Pigs and fowls perished in great 
numbers, and there was much damage done to peach and other fruit trees. 

A very distressing case of freezing happened down on the Blackwater,. 
during this fearful winter. A man and wife were traveling in a wagon. 
In crossing Blackwater the wagon became uncoupled in the middle of the 
stream. There was no help to be obtained, and no witnesses to the scene, 
all appearances afterward indicated that the man had tried hard to 
extricate his vehicle. Somehow the woman fell into the water. Her 
husband carried her to shore, but she soon froze to death. Then her com- 
panion laid her out upon a log and stood by her to watch and wait. He 
soon became chilled, but remained true to his watch and ward, and when 
some persons came to the scene the next day, they found him pulseless, and 
cold, and rigid and pale as marble, standing by the white corpse of her 
whom he had promised to "love, cherish, protect and defend." He leaned 
against a tree and his eyes were partly open, and their last gaze had evi- 
dently been upon his wife. His boots showed signs that he had tried to 
cut them from his feet — why, heaven only knows. 

The bodies were taken charge of by the settlers and given sepulture. 
No information can now be obtained as to who these unfortunate victims 
of the ice-king were, or where they had lived. There are conflicting 
accounts as to what became of the team. One statement is that it was. 
found dead; another, that it was found alive and taken care of by the 
settlers until relatives of the dead pair arrived. 

In 1836, the most memorable event was the presidential election. The 
candidates were Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson of the dem- 
ocratic party; Wm Henry Harrison and Francis Granger, of New York,, 
of the whig party, and Hugh L. White, of Tennessee, of the independent 
democrats and whigs. Dr. John Sappington was one of the democratic 
or Van Buren electors. In this election Claiborne F. Jackson, then a citi- 
zen of Saline county and a rising young politician, took an active part as a 
stump-speaker, for his, the democratic party. For his services in this and 
other campaigns he was rewarded by the munificent appointment of post- 
master at Arrow Rock, with a salary of $50 per annum. 



220 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The vote of Saline county was as follows: Van Buren, 178; White, 135; 
Harrison, 50. The vote of the state stood: Van Buren, 10,995; Harrison, 
7,337 ; White, 3,256. The result throughout the country was the election 
of Van Bureq who received 170 electoral votes to 73 for Gen. Harrison, 
and 26 for White. South Carolina was still pouting and cast her vote for 
Willie P. Mangum, of North Carolina. Massachusetts gave her 14 votes 
to her " favorite son," Daniel Webster. There was no choice of vice- 
president by the electoral college, no candidate receiving a majority of all 
the votes. The senate, therefore, was called upon to elect. That body, 
being largely democratic, chose Col. Johnson, " who killed Tecumseh, and 
had a negro woman, a slave, for his wife." 

During this year cholera again appeared in the county, occasioning some 
excitement, but securing only a few victims, if any. Travel to St. Louis 
and other points on the Mississippi was entirely cut oft, however, and all 
intercourse w^ith all suspected points for a time suspended. 

Another alarm was started this year, that the Indians were coming 
down from the north, and occasioned some uneasiness. It was soon 
ascertained, however, that the scare was without foundation. A notorious 
family, named Hetherly, living in the upper part of Carroll county, in 
what was then called the Grand river country, had started the report that 
the Iowa Indians were making a murderous incursion on the settlements. 
The Hetherlys were, themselves, thieves, murderers, and prostitutes. 
The mother was a sister to the murderers and robbers, Big and Little 
Harp. They had some adherents, among them, James Dunbar, Alfred 
Hawkins, and a fellow named Thomas. Their chief occupation was 
horse-stealing. Early in the month of June a number of Iowa Indians 
made a friendly incursion into the state, for the purpose of hunting. The 
Hetherly gang immediately began to steal their ponies. They managed 
to capture a lot and escaped with them. The Indians followed, overtook 
the thieves, and a skirmish ensued, in the forks of the Grand river, result- 
ing in the killing of Thomas, the re-capture of the ponies, and the escape 
•of the Hetherlys. The latter afterward killed Dunbar, fearing that if 
they were arrested, he would turn state's evidence against them. Then 
they fled to the Missouri, declaring that they had been run out by the 
lowas. The murders were afterwards traced to them, and they, with 
Alfred Hawkins, were arrested and tried. Upon the final trial, the old 
man Hetherly, his wife, and daughter, Ann, turned state's evidence, and 
upon their evidence, mainly, Alfred Hawkins was convicted of man- 
slaughter, and sent to the penitentiary for ten years. The afiair w^as 
known as the Hetherly war, and old citizens of the county yet well 
remember it.* 

In this year the Platte purchase was acquired by Missouri, and there 

*Black.weir3 History of Carroll county, 1876. 






HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 221 

was considerable emigration to the newly-acquired territory. Among 
them were members of the McKissick family, who removed to Fremont 
county, Iowa, eventually, and became the first settlers of that community. 
In 1837 there was a considerable rainfall and a very extraordinary 
freshet on the Blackwater. The w^ater in the stream was four feet higher 
than in the great flood of 1844. It spread over the lowlands to a great 
extent, forming many inland seas or lakes, and doing great damage to 
property. The flood was the greatest ever known in that quarter, and 
lasted about three weeks- 
It was in December of this year that the freezing and drowning of 
McMahan, Harris, Smith, and Guthrie occurred in the Missouri, oppo- 
site DeWitt. For full particulars of this peculiarly distressing affair, the 
reader is referred to the history of the settlement of the Miami bottom, 
on other pages of this history. 

In this year Col. Gentry's regiment of Missouri volunteers left the state 
to take part in the Seminole war, then being waged against the Indians of 
that tribe in Florida. This war is commonly known as the Florida war. 
It was brought about by the refusal of the Seminole Indians to be removed 
west of the Mississippi river. 

A few Saline county men from the Big bottom participated in this war 
as members of Capt. Congreve Jackson's company, of Howard county, 
which was one of the best of Gentry's regiment. At the battle of Okee- 
chobee, December 25, 1837, Col. Gentry and a number of his men were 
killed, and many more wounded. None of the Saline county men were 
wounded or injured, so far as is known. 



THE MORMON WAR. 



In the year 1S38, occurred in Missouri what is now called the Mormon 
" War." An account of this diffiadty., (for it really was nothing else), may 
not be void of all interest. 

In 1832, Jo. Smith and the Mormons, to the number of several hundred, 
settled in Jackson county, mostly west of Independence, where they entered 
several thousand acres of land, established a newspaper, and prepared to 
found the New Jerusalem on earth. They had come from Kirtland, Ohio. 
Their presence was very distasteful to the citizens of Jackson county — the 
" Gentiles" — who could not tolerate the nonsense of " new revelations," the 
" second kingdom," etc., and the result was they threw the Mormon prints 
ing press into the river, tarred and feathered the Mormon bishop and two 
others,* and otherwise made it unpleasant for the "saints." The latter did 
not suffer in patience. When smitten on one cheek they retaliated forth- 

*Switzler's History of Missouri, p. 241. 



222 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

with upon the smiter. In 1833, an affray between Mormons and citizens 
occurred near Westport, in which two citizens and one Mormon were 
killed. Soon after, Jo . Smith, the " prophet of the Lord," received a " rev- 
elation " ordering the destruction of the city of Independence. He marched 
with his force to the vicinity of the town on the night of November 2d, 
but here he was confronted by a large force of Gentiles from Indepen- 
dence and the surrounding country, and compelled to capitulate. The 
Mormons were made to lay down their arms and leave the country by 
the 1st of January following. The Gentiles agreed to pay the owner of 
the printing office for the destruction of his property. 

From Jackson county the Mormons fled to the north side of the river, 
settling in Clay, Carroll, and Caldwell counties. Jo. Smith and his otiicers 
laid out a town about eight miles southeast of Cameron, which was named 
Far West. It was declared by Smith that here a magnificent temple should 
be built, and that the town itself should soon become one of the mighty 
cities of the world. It is now quite a respectable cornfield. In 1837, work 
was begun on the temple, but it was never finished. The prosperity of the 
Mormon settlements at and near Far West attracted many adventurers, 
the majority of whom were arrant scoundrels. They managed to get into 
and obtain high positions in the church and influence it altogether for 
harm. " Revelations " were obtained to the effect that the Lord had given 
the earth and the fulness thereof to " this people," and that the Mormons 
were " His people," and consequently had the right to take whatever they 
pleased from the Gentiles. In pursuance of these revelations the more 
lawless of them strolled about the country taking what they pleased. They 
largely outnumbered the Gentiles in Caldwell county, and Mormons held 
all of the important county offices. All efforts, therefore, to punish them 
for their crimes and misdemeanors were wholly inoperative, and the citi- 
zens felt justified in resorting to mob violence and retaliation in kind. 

The Mormons not only had a troubled experience in Jackson and Cald- 
weU counties, but also in Carroll, at and in the neighborhood of DeWitt, 
on the Missouri, immediately opposite the Saline county shore. 

During the summer of 1838, a citizen of this village, named Root, sold 
a large number of lots to G. W. Hinkle and one Murdock, who, it was 
afterwards discovered, were Mormon leaders that had come to Carroll 
county to establish a Mormon settlement. DeWitt being a good landing 
■on the river, they regarded it as a convenient point from which to for- 
ward goods and immigrants to Far West. No sooner was it known in 
Carroll county that the Mormons were about to settle therein in large 
numbers than there arose great excitement among the people. The peo- 
ple of this county were somewhat alarmed. They did not want the Mor- 
mons among them, and they resolved not to have them. A few of the 
"saints" came across the river to survey the situation. They were noti- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 223 

fied that their room was preferable to their compan}-, and that under no 
circumstances would any considerable settlement of members of their 
peculiar faith and practices be allowed. 

In July, 1S3S, a public meeting was held in Carrollton, and it was 
determined that the expulsion of the Mormons from the county was 
imperatively demanded and had become a necessity. Assistance from 
this and other counties had been promised the people of Carroll, and a 
committee visited DeWitt and had a conference with the Mormon colo- 
nel, Hinkle, and a large number of other Mormons. On being told the 
object of the committee's visit, Hinkle drew his sword and defiantly flour- 
ishing it, threatened the extermination of all those who should attempt to 
disturb the peace of himself and the saints. To this piece of vaporing 
the chairman of the committee. Rev. Sarshel Woods, replied: "Put up 
your sword, colonel; I am an old pioneer; I have heard the Indians yell, 
the wolves howl, and the owls hoot, and am not alarmed at such demon- 
strations." There were several men from Saline county in DeWitt w^hen 
this happened, "taking items," they said. 

Before decisive measures were adopted for the expulsion of the Mor- 
mons at DeWitt, trouble broke out in Daviess county, and the people of 
Carroll were called on for aid. While the attention of the people 
was directed to the disturbances in Daviess, Mormon recruits, in large 
numbers poured into the town of DeWitt by land water, and their tem- 
porary habitation filled the grove of timber below the town. An attack 
on the Mormon encampment was made by the citizens in the latter part 
of September, 1838. Nobody was killed. 

A few Saline men were present on this occasion, either as partici- 
pants or spectators. The Mormons retreated to their block houses, and 
the Carroll county people awaited re-enforcements, which soon reached 
them. A bloody conflict was avoided only by the efforts of Judge James 
Earickson and Wm. F. Dunnica, who negotiated for and obtained a treaty 
of peace, by the terms of which the Mormons were to leave DeWitt and 
Carroll county and pay for what property they had stolen or "appropri- 
ated " and destroyed, and the citizens were to pay the Mormons for the 
town lots belonging to the latter in DeWitt, and certain lands in the 
county.* 

The people of Saline county were active sympathizers with their neigh- 
bors in Carroll, in this trouble, and assisted them very materially. Dr. 
W. W. Austin, of Carrollton, was the leader of the Carroll county 
forces. He appealed to Saline county for aid earl}^ in the fall and at about 
the beginning of the trouble, and his appeal w^as heeded. A company of 
rangers, numbering about twenty-five, was soon raised and crossed the 
river at Miami, reporting to " General " Austin for duty. This company 
*Blackweirs History of Carroll county. 



224 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

was commanded by Capt. Wm. J. Wolfskill. The members were all well 
mounted and armed. Mr. Ephraim McClain was a member of the com- 
pany and furnishes an account of its movements. Upon arriving in Car- 
roll and reporting to Austin, it was sent to the north and northeast on a 
rapid march, and discovered that the Mormons, in considerable numbers, 
were coming in from Illinois and other states, and concentrating, with 
a view of assisting their brethren at DeWitt, having been apprised 
of the situation of affairs by emissaries sent out by Hinkle. Upon the 
completion of this scout, by the company, it was sent up to a crossing on 
Grand River, at Cross' farm, to prevent the Mormons from coming into 
the county from Illinois and other states, and re-enforcing Hinkle at 
DeWitt. In a day or two the company was divided, and half of it sent 
to a ferry five miles above the one at Cross' farm to guard that point. 
But a few days had passed when a body of Mormons made their appear- 
ance at the lower ferry, and attempted to cross. They were well armed 
but did not seem desirous of a fight. Capt. Wolfskill told them very pos- 
itively that they could not pass, and they went on to the upper ferry. But 
here they were again- confronted by the Saline county men and turned 
back. Thereupon they made a wide circuit to the northward and gained 
the town of Far West. Very soon thereafter, Wolfskill's company 
was ordered back to Austin's headquarters, about three miles below the 
lower ferry, to take part in the intended attack on the block houses occu- 
pied by Gen. Hinkle. Upon the settlement of the difficulties and the con- 
clusion of the treaty of peace, Capt. Wolfskill and his company returned 
to their Saline county homes. The Mormons told the peace commis- 
sioners that they could easily have cleaned out Austin and his crowd, had 

it not been for " the d d hear hunters from the other side of the river," 

meaning the men from Saline county. 

In addition to the military movements already detailed. Gen. D. R. 
Atchison, major-general of the militia, by direction of Governor Boggs, 
called out the Saline county militia. Col. G. W. Lewis was commander 
of the — Regiment, composed of men from Pettis and Saline counties. 
The company from this county (there seems to have been but one) was 
commanded by Capt. Wm. Durrett. The adjutant of the regiment was 
Mr. Chas. L. Francisco, of this county. The regiment (or rather battal- 
lion, for it was only about 300 strong) marched, under orders, to Rich- 
mond, Ray county, to join the main body of the arm}' under Gen. Atchi- 
son, then preparing to move against Jo. Smith and the Mormons. Soon 
after arriving at Richmond "peace was declared," and the expedition 
returned home, after an absence of about one week. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 225 



ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNTY SEAT. 

In 1839, the county seat was removed from Jonesboro to Arrow Rock, 
and from thence to Marshall. A history of this removal, it is believed, 
will be found of interest. February 5, of this year, the lej^islature passed 
an act authorizing the removal of the county seat of Saline county from 
Jonesboro to the center of the county, or as near thereto as practicable, 
and appointing five commissioners to fix the site for the new capital. 
These commissioners were Hugh Barnett, of Lafayette; Amos Home, of 
Johnson; Joseph Dixon and George McKinney, of Carroll, and Caton 
Usher, of Chariton. The commissioners met on Thursday, April 11, at 
the house of David Bailey, and on the 13th made the following report: 

COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 
To the Honorable Circuit Court of Saline County^ Missouri: 

In obedience to an act of the general assembly, approved February 8, 
1839, we, Hugh Barnett, of Lafayette county; Amos Home, of Johnson 
county; Caton Usher, of Chariton county, and Geo. McKinney, of Car- 
roll county, met at the house of David Bailey, in Saline county, Mo., on 
Thursday, the 11th day of April, 1839, for the purpose of carrying into 
effect the provisions of said act of the assembly, and, after learning the 
reasons why Joseph Dixon, of Carroll county, did not appear, we pro- 
ceeded to appoint, in lieu of Joseph Dixon, James Lucas, of said county of 
Carroll, and, after being duly sworn, according to the act of the assembly, 
we did proceed to ascertain, as near as possible, or practicable, the center 
of the county of Saline, according to a map of the said county, furnished 
us by the register of the land office, at Fayette, Mo., which we deemed 
to be in the center of section ten, in township 50, range 21 ; and, not find- 
ing it to be a suitable place for the location of a county seat, we proceeded 
to examine the lands generally around the center of section ten, as afore- 
said, and found, as we deemed to be the most suitable place nearest the 
said center of section ten to be upon the lands of Jeremiah Odell, in sec- 
tion 15, in township 50, and off range 21. Whereupon, the said Jeremiah 
Odell agreed to give, or donate, to the county of Saline, for the purpose 
of locating thereupon the permanent seat of justice for Saline county, 
sixty-five acres, to be taken from the north end of the east half of the 
northeast quarter of section 15, as above described; and, upon examining 
the title papers exhibited, and being satisfied that the said Odell's title was 
good, we have located the permanent seat of justice for Saline county, 
according to the act of assembly aforesaid, upon the sixty-five acres of 
land, to be taken from, as above stated, the north end of the east half of 
the northeast quarter of section 15, and in township 50, and off of range 
21, donated by Jeremiah Odell, and have received from him a deed of 
general warranty for the said sixty-five acres of land, which is herewith 
" respectfully submitted. [Signed by the five commissioners serving, April 
13, 1839.] 

Thursday, July 18, 1839, the report of the commissioners was approved 
by the judge of the circuit court, Hon. Wm. Scott. Messrs. John Brown 
15 > 



226 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and Lewis Carthral, by their attorney, Hon. David Todd, presented a 
remonstrance against the confirmation of the report, but, as their objec- 
tions were mostly, if not altogether, on trivial and technical grounds, this 
remonstrance was overruled. The judge appointed Cornelius Davis com- 
missioner to superintend the survey and platting of the town, sell the lots, 
etc." The commissioner was ordered to advertise the sale of lots in the 
Boone's Lick Democrat and Western Emigrant, which he did, fixing 
the date of sale for September 23, following. The notice of the sale in 
the Boone's Lick Democrat, gave a very flattering description of the town 
site and surrounding country, and commending it to business men as a 
desirable point at which to locate. One hundred lots were ordered to be 
sold. The sale came off as advertised. Thos. M. Davis sold the lots, and 
Horatio S. Chalmers was clerk. The first lot sold was lot 1, in block 4, 
to Wm. Miller, for $1.5; the second, lot 8 in block 4, to Wm. Hook, for 
$10; the third, lot 2 in block 7, to Clement Craig, for $19; the fourth, lot 
8 in block 7, to P. B. Harris, $26; the fifth, lot 7 in block 7, to Robert 
Isaacs, $41 ; the sixth, lot 6 in block 7, to Asa Finley, $136; seventh, lot 1 
block 15, to Geo. Wilson, $105; eighth, lot 2 in block 15, to Wm. Lewis, 
$90. The highest prices paid for lots were by Gov. M. M. Marmaduke, 
who paid $185 for lot 3, in block 9, and Wm. Lewis, who paid $182 for 
lot 2, In block 20 — both lots being "business lots" upon the public square, 
one being upon the north side of the northwest corner and the other upon 
the west side of the southwest corner. 

The judge of the court ordered an election to be held August 5th, for the 
purpose of allowing the voters of the county to vote for and select a tem- 
porary seat of government for the county. Three towns were contestants 
for the honor — Arrow Rock, Centre, and Greenville (Miami). The result 
of the vote was as follows: 

For Arrow Rock 217 votes. 

For Greenville 123 " 

For Centre 67 " 

The county seat was therefore removed to Arrow Rock about the mid- 
dle of August or first of September, 1839. Various historical sketches of 
Saline county have been printed, but none of them state that there have 
ever been more than three capitals of the county, Jefferson, Jonesboro and 
Marshall. Indeed many persons yet live in the county, — old settlers, too, 
who have forgotten, if they ever knew, that Arrow Rock was once the 
county seat. 

The first term of the county court in Arrow Rock was held Nov. 11,1839. 
Gilmore Hays and W. A. Wilson were present as justices. The first 
term of the circuit court was held in November, 1839. Wm. Scott was 

* Mr. John Duggins swrveyed the tract of land, the sixty-live acres, where the town site 
was located. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 227 

judge ; John A. Trigtj, clerk ; David S. Wilson, sheriff'. These courts were 
held, and indeed almost all the other business of the county transacted, in 
a double log building (to which was afterward added a frame), belonging 
to Benjamin Huston. 

At the session of the county court in August, 1839, the new county 
seat was christened. In order that it might be certainly known for whom 
it was named, the court ordered: "That the permanent county seat of 
this county be called Marshall, in honor of John Marshall, late chief 
justice of the United States." Judge Marshall had died about four years 
previously. 

At the November term the county court ordered: 

That the commissioner of the county seat be and he is hereby required, 
authorized and required to give notice in the Boone's Lick Democrat and 
Westei'n Emigrant that sealed proposals will be received by him * * 
for the building of the court house. -st * * -k- * * 

It is ordered that the court house be builded after a plan submitted to 
the court by Henry Hook, and said plan is ordered to be filed. 

At the same time it was ordered "that the sum of J))12,000.00 be and 
the same is hereby appropriated for the building of the court house, and 
in addition thereto any amount of money which may be donated by 
patriotic citizens for that purpose." 

At the February term, 1840, the contract for building the court house 
was awarded to Wm. Hook for the sum of $9,000.00, payable in three 
installments, the building to be completed by November 1, 1841. Messrs. 
Majors and Richardson bid against Mr. Hook, their bid being $11,748.40. 

The "plan" referred to by the court is here given, omitting unimport- 
ant details as to size of joists, material used in partitions, etc. The build- 
ing was completed according to the specifications, and cost in the aggre- 
gate about $5,000. It stood until burned down in August, 1864, by the 
men of Capt. Jackson's company of Confederate partisan rangers. 
PLAN OF THE COURT HOUSE. 

Forty-five feet by forty from out to out ; foundation to be dug out two 
and a half feet wide, two feet under ground and two feet above ground; 
the wall above the ground to be cut-stone, to be bush hammered, and all 
the stonework to be laid in lime and sand mortar; the first story of brick, 
to be twenty-two and half inches thick, fifteen feet high ; second story 
eighteen inches thick, and nine feet high, and thirteen inches to the finish- 
ing of the gable ends. * * * The roof to be a principal 
one, framed sufficiently strong to support a cupola, well sheeted and 
shingled. ^t -x- * Two staircases to start on the lower floor 
and land on the second. * * * Also, thirty-one Venetian 
blinds for the thirty-one windows. * * The house is to be 
painted in a neat and fashionable style. All the above work to be done 
in a neat and workmanlike manner, with good material. 



228 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

EARLY RECORDS. 

The first deed or document, conveying, or giving title to, real estate, 
ever recorded in this county, is in words and figures as follows, to-wit: 

Know all men by these presents: That I, Charles Simmons, of Howard 
county, state of Missouri, of the one part, and CorneHus Davis, of Saline 
county, and state aforesaid, of the other part, witnesseth, (sic) that for and 
in consideration of the sum of $800 to the said Charles Simmons in hand, 
paid by the said Davis, before the ensealing and delivering of this instru- 
ment (a receipt for the same is, by the said Simmons, acknowledged and 
confessed), hath granted, bargained, and sold, and by this instrument doth 
grant, bargain, and sell unto the said Cornelius Davis, of the second part 
of this instrument, and to his heirs and assigns, forever, one hundred and 
fifty arpents of land in Saline county, aforesaid, being a part of an undi- 
vided tract of three hundred arpents of land, generally called a New 
Madrid claim, originally claimed by and confirmed to David Wintzell 
under John Latham, located under the act of congress, of 17th of Febru- 
ary, 1815, so as to include fractional section No. 25, and the southeast 
quarter of section No. 26, and as much ofl' the north side, by an ' east 
and west line of the northwest fractional quarter of Sfection No. 
36, as will make up and include the quantity of three hundred 
arpents of la^id — all in township No. 52, north of the base line of range 
No. 19, west of the 5th principal meridian, south of the Missouri river; 
and the said Charles Simmons doth further covenant and agree to and 
with the said Cornelius Davis, that he will well and truly warrant, and 
forever defend the said mentioned one hundred and fifty arpents of land to 
the said Davis, his heirs and assigns, forever against the claims or lawful 
claims of all and every person or persons, whatsoever. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 14th 
day of January, 1821. 

Charles Simmons. [l. s.] 

Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of us. 

RoBT. Wallace. 
W. S. Edwards. 
State of Missouri, Saline County. 

Personally appeared before me, the subscriber, a justice of the peace 
within and tor the county aforesaid, William S. Edwards, one of the sub 
scribing witnesses to the within deed, who, after being sworn as the law 
directs in such cases made and provided, states that he was present, and 
saw Charles Simmons sign, seal, and deliver this instrument of convey- 
ance — to be his act, and deed, hand and seal, for the purposes therein con- 
tained; and that he subscribed the same as a witness in the presence of 
the subscribing witness (and) Robert Wallace. 

Wm. S. Edwards. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 15th of June, 1821. 

Peyton N owlin, yusticc of the Peace. 

The land described in the foregoing instrument immediately adjoins the 
town of Cambridge, in the township of that name. The term, " a New 
Madrid claim," is thus explained: After the great earthquake at and in 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 229 

the vicinity of New Madrid, in December, 1811, congress passed an act 
for the relief of the settlers who had been injured by that great convulsion 
of nature,* giving each of them certain favors and privileges in regard to 
re-entering or locating land in other parts of the state. In some instances 
this relief amounted to an absolute grant of land. Although this instru- 
ment is not exact and particular as to language and composition, amount- 
ing to incoherency in some particulars, yet its general purport and intent 
were and will be understood by him whom it did and does concern. 

The next deed recorded was made by Taylor and Fanny W. Berry to 
Thos. A. Smith, for "a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in 
the county of Saline, on the south bank of the Missouri river, containing 
six hundred and forty acres, more or less, it being the west half of frac- 
tional section No. 35, the east fractional half of section 34, and so much of 
the east end of the northwest fractional quarter of said 34th section as will 
make the quantity; — all in fractional township 53 north and range 20 west, 
of the 5th principal meridian line, it being the same tract of land which 
was on the third day of July, 1820, patented by the United States under 
the earthquake law to one Eustace Delisle. The date of this deed was 
March 13, 1821. 

FIRST BOND FOR A DEED. 

Know all men by these -presents^ that I, Benjamin I. Carnahan, am 
held and firmly bound, with my heirs, executors, and administra- 
tors, unto Henry V. Bingham, his heirs or assigns, in the sum of 
one thousand dollars, lawful money, to him well and truly to be 
paid. In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal this 20th 
day of October, 1821. The condition of the above obligation is such, 
that if the above bound Benjamin I. Carnahan does make unto the said H. 
V. Bingham, his heirs or assigns a good title in fee simple for the last half 
of the southwest quarter of section 35, in township No. 50, north of range 
No. 19 west, containing 80 acres, to be laid off in the following manner, 
viz. : Beginning at the northeast corner of said quarter section and run- 
ning west with the line of said quarter section until it crosses the ravine 
which empties into the spring; branch a few steps below the spring near 
Carnahan's house; thence along the said line three poles from said ravine 
and there make a corner X, and running from said corner a southwardly 
direction so as to include said spring and strike the south line of said quarter 
section so as to divide the quarter section equally; and the said Carnahan, 
if he does make as above stated, a good title in fee simple, so soon as the 
patent can be obtained from the general land office, then the above obli- 
gation to be void; else, to remain in full force and virtue. 

Benjamin I. Carnahan. 

This bond was acknowledged before Geo. Chapman, a justice of the 
peace of Howard county, October 20, 1821. 

*The act was passed Feb. 17, 1815, and was eatitled, "Aa act for the relief of th3 iuliabi- 
tants of the late (!) couuty of New Madrid, in Missouri Territory, who sutTered by earth- 
quakes." 



230 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

FIRST CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

The following document, while not literally a chattel mortgage as it 
would now be written, is to all intents and purposes a document of that 
character: 

Know all men by these presents^ that I, James McReynoIds, of the state 
of Missouri, for the consideration of $200 to me in hand paid by Samuel 
McRe3'nolds, acting as agent for Joseph McReynoIds, of the state of Ten- 
nessee, hath and do by these presents grant, bargain, and deliver to the 
said Joseph McReynoIds, or said agent, a certain negro boy, named San- 
cho, aged about 25 years old, which negro is healthy and sound, both in 
body and mind; the title of which property I do forever warrant and 
defend to the said Joseph McReynoIds, his heirs, etc. In witness whereof 
I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal this 26th day of May> 
1821. 

James McReynolds. [l. s.] 

The condition of the above bill of sale is such that in the instance of I, 
the said James McReynoIds, paying to the said Joseph McReynoIds, or 
agent, the sum of $200 current money of the state of Tennessee on or 
against the first day of December, 1821, then in that case the above bill of 
sale to be void and of no effect, neither in law nor equity; otherwise to 
remain in full force and virtue both in law and equity. 

James McReynolds. 

FIRST DEED OF EMANCIPATION. 
Know all men by these presents, that I, Isham Reavis, of Saline county, 
in the state of Missouri, do by these presents, for and in consideration of 
the hitherto faithful servitude of my servant woman, Patience, about the 
age of 36 years, and for the further consideration of the sum of sixty 
dollars to me in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, 
have this day liberated, emancipated, and set free and at liberty the said 
negro woman Patience, and her young child, named Elizabeth Jane, about 
18 months old, and also all her future increase; and the said woman and 
child are hereby set free and emancipated from myself and my heirs, and 
from all persons claiming title to them under me. In testimony whereof, 
I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed my seal, this loth day of 
December, 1827. 

ISHAM ReAVIS. 

Witnesses: Jas. Stevens, Wm. Gleason, Geo. Chapman. 

FIRST DEED OF GIFT. 

Saline County, State of Missouri, ) 
February 28,1825. \ 
We, the undersigned, do certify that Anthony Thomas, Sr., did, this 
morning, about nine o'clock, being indisposed in health, though of sound 
mind and memory, call on us both to bear testimony to his declarations, 
which, after calling his youngest son, Anthony C, and his slave, George, 
before his presence, then [spoke] as follows, to-wit: "In consequence of 
Anthony having been afflicted with a scrofulons white swelling, and his 
liability to further afflictions of the kind, I believe him to be constitution- 
ally debilitated, and have, therefore, thought it expedient [to give him] 
this boy, George." He, then, taking the slave, George, by the hand. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 231 

delivered him to the said Anthony, saying: "Before these witnesses, I 
give, bequeath, and deliver to you, Anthony, my son, for yourself, your 
heirs and assigns, forever, this slave, George; but you are not to take 
full possession of him during your mother's or my lifetime." In witness 
of which we have hereto set our hands and seals the day and year above 
written. 

[l. s.] Perry G. Buck. 

[l. s] John D. Thomas. 

PROeEEDINGS OF THE FIRST TERM OP THE COUNTY COURT. 

The first term of the Saline county court was held at the town of Jef- 
ferson, April 16, 1821. It was composed of but two judges at the time, 
Hons. Bartholomew Gwinn and George Tennille. Each produced his 
commission, signed at St. Louis, by Gov. Alex. McNair, attested by his 
private seal, " there being no seal of the state yet provided," and counter- 
signed by Joshua Barton, secretary of state, under date of December 8, 
1820. The act of the legislature organizing the county had been approved 
November 25, 1820. 

The oath of office was administered to Judges Gwinn and Tennille by 
Rev. Peyton Nowlin, acting justice of the peace. "And thereupon," says 
the record, 

"The Hon. Bartholomew Gwinn and George Tennille, Esq., caused 
proclamation to be made, and took their seats, and constituted a court for 
the said county of Saline, according to law. 

"// is ordered. By this court that Benj. Chambers be appointed their 
clerk, and he accordingly took the oath to support the constitution of the 
United States, and of the state of Missouri, and to demean himself faith- 
fully in the discharge of his duties as clerk to this court, and further to 
produce to this court a bond, with sufficient securities, as required by the 
law of the state, at their next term. 

" Ordered, That Jacob Ish, Pay ton Nowlin, Peter Huff, Wm. McMa- 
han, and Charles English are appointed commissioners of the school 
lands within this county, and from this day to assume the powers given 
them by law — and were accordingly sworn in open court. 

'■^Ordered, That Alexander Goodin be appointed constable for the town- 
ship of Jefferson, by his complying with the terms required by the laws 
of this state, and having then produced sureties to the satisfaction of the 
court, and having taken the necessary oaths, was qualified, according 
to act, in his office. 

'■'■Ordered, That Joseph H. Goodin be appointed assessor for the county 
by complying with the law." 

Ordered, That David Warren be appointed collector for the county by 
complying with the law. 

" Peyton Nowlin, Esq., is appointed to survey the line between the 
county of Saline and Cooper, in conjunction with Dr. Hart. 

'■'■Ordered, That William S. Edwards be appointed constable of the 
township of Arrow Rock, by complying with the law. 

'■'■Ordered, That Daniel McDowell be appointed constable of Miami 
township, by complying with the law. 



232 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

'■'•Ordered^ That court adjourn till the next court in course." 

Signed, Bartho. Gwinn, 

George Tennille. 

FIRST DIVISION OF THE COUNTY INTO TOWNSHIPS. 

Saline County Court, ) 

Monday, February 25, 1822. \ 

Ordered, That the county be divided into three townships, to-wit: 

The Arro-ju Rock — To commence on the bank of the Missouri river, on 
the line between 50 and 51, thence west with said line to the western boun- 
dary of the county, and shall include all south of said line. 

The Toumshij) of yeffenoti — To be bounded by the said line as far 
west as townships 50 and 51, between ranges 20 and 21, thence north to 
the Missouri river; and 

The Township of Mia 7m — To be bounded by the ranges 20 and 21 and 
townships 50 and 51, to the western boundary of the county, and with 
said western boundary to the Missouri river. 

THE FIRST INQUEST. 

The first inquest held in the county was on the body of Ann Odle, or 
Odell, who was drowned either in the Missouri river or in Blackwater, in 
the summer of 1822. The papers in the case cannot be found. The 
only record in existence which refers to it is the journal of the county 
court, which (p. 9) says: 

Ordered, That James Warren be allowed three dollars and twenty- 
five cents for summoning an inquest and witnesses on the body of Ann 
Odle, deceased. 

FORMATION OF MARION TOWNSHIP. 

May Term, Saline County Court, A. D. i8j^ : 

On the petition of a number of the citizens of Jefferson township, pray- 
ing this honorable court to divide the same, the prayer of the petitioners, 
on mature deliberation, is granted, to be bounded as follow, (to-wit): 
Beginning at the mouth of Bear creek, thence with the meanders of said 
creek to the intersection of the north line of section thirty-one, in township 
fifty-two, and range nineteen, thence with said line of sections to where it 
intersects the range line between twenty and twenty-one, thence south 
with said line to the Arrow Rock township line, all east of said line to be 
called Marion township, which is ordered to be certified to the secretary 
of state. 
August Term, i8jy : 

This day was presented the petition of John McMahan and other citi- 
zens of Jefierson and Marion townships, pra3'ing that the said townships 
may again be reunited, and compose but one township. But the court, 
after mature deliberation, do order and decree that the prayer of the said 
petition be, and the same is- hereby rejected. 

FIRST CONTRACT WITH SCHOOL TEACHER RECORDED. 

August Term, i8jj: 

This day came William A. Gwinn, Peter Huff and Isaiah Hufi, trustees 
of the third division of Jefierson school district, and made their report, 
showing the number of children entitled to the benefit of the school fund 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 233 

in said division; which report is received, and is in the following words, 
to-wit: Wednesday, August 0th, 1837. We, the trustees of the third 
district of the Jefferson school district, pursuant to an agreement, met, and 
chose Peter Huti' chairman, and proceeded to business, and in the exer- 
cise of our duty, chose John W. McMahan to teach a school for the term 
of six months, to commence the 11th day of this inst., in consideration of 
which we bind ourselves to pay, or cause to be paid, unto the said McMa- 
han the sum of one hundred and ten dollars, lawful money, at the expira- 
tion of said term, in consideration of which said McMahan obligates him- 
self to teach orthography, reading, writing, common arithmetic, English 
grammar and geography, to the best of his skill. The number of children 
is as follows, viz: W. A. Gwinn 3, E. Gwinn 2, P. Huff 5, Isaiah Huff 5, 
J. Copeland 1, Jno. Copeland 6, E. Copeland 4, amounting in all to 26 
scholars. 
August Term, 1^37 • 

On the petition of the inhabitants of Miami township praying the division 
of said township, it is ordered the same be divided in following manner, 
to-wit: Beginning on Missouri river at the township line between 52 and 
51 and runnmg east with said township line till it meets the range of 20, 
and thence north with said range line to the Missouri, and thence up said 
river to the place of beginning, and that the same be known by the name 
of Greenville township, and that the place of holding elections in said 
township be Greenville, and that the same be certified to the secretary of 
state. 



INCIDENTS OF EARLY HISTORY. 

It is much to be regretted that very many incidents of the early history 
of Saline county, which have been collected and prepared for publication, 
must be omitted from this history. These incidents are, however, not of 
superior importance, and if given would add but little to the real value of 
the work. They are mostly of a personal nature, and relate to the char- 
acter of the pioneers of early days, and the times in which they lived. 

Adventures of hunters; descriptions of general and battalion musters, 
with incidents connected therewith; sketches of some of the early inhab- 
itants, etc., comprise these omitted incidents. 

It has been thought best to deal with many things of to-day, to speak 
of the people of Saline county now living, as well as those who have 
lived; to describe the country as it now is as well as it once was, and this 
will make the volume as large as it ought to be. 



234 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

HISTORY FROM 1840 TO THE MEXICAN WAR. 

The presidential campaign of 1S40 was the principal event of that year 
in Saline county, in the state, and in fact even in the United States. The 
whig party, then for the first time formidable in the country, re-nominated 
Gen. Harrison as its candidate for president, with John Tyler of Virginia, 
for vice-president. The democrats renominated Van Buren and John- 
son. The canvass excited more interest than any other that had ever 
taken place in the history of the Union. There had been a great strin- 
gency in the money market and other financial distresses occasioning hard 
times throughout the country. Many workingmen were either out of 
employment or at work for very low wages; prices of produce had fallen 
to insignificant figures and there was general discontent with the situation. 
Many people attributed the condition of affairs to the administration of 
Mr. Van Buren and the democratic party. The whigs took advantage 
of the situation, and conducted their campaign with unexampled ardor 
and enthusiasm — and, as the result showed, with effect. Mass conven- 
tions of immense numbers of people were held, becoming political camp 
meetings in many instances, and remaining in session three or four days. 
The object of both parties seemed to be to carry the election by music, 
banners, processions, and stump oratory. 

Gen. Harrison, at the time of his candidacy, was clerk of the courts of 
Hamilton county, Ohio, and lived in a house having one apartment, built 
of logs. A democratic editor visiting the place observed that in addition 
to the humble style of the general's dwelling, there was nailed upon the 
outer walls of the log kitchen a raccoon skin, in process of curing. 
Returning home he commented very facetiously upon these things, sneer- 
ing at a party whose candidate for the exalted office of president lived in 
a log cabin ornamented with 'coon skins and knew no better beverage 
than hard cider. Immediately the whigs took up the statement of the 
editor and reasserted them as facts of which they were greatly, and as 
they claimed, justly proud. The contest was thereafter known as the 
" Log Cabin, 'Coon Skin, and Hard Cider Campaign." Monster whig 
meetings were held all over the country, at which log cabins of all sizes, 
live 'coons, and veritable hard cider were displayed; processions were 
formed m iles in length, containing every unique feature that could be 
conceived; cannons were fired, bells rung, and there were all sorts and 
kinds of fuss and fustian indulged in by the partisans of '* Tippecanoe and 
Tyler too." 

To counteract the influence of these meetings, and the party para- 
phernalia employed to captivate the masses, the democrats held their 
meetings also, many of which equalled, if they did not surpass, the efibrts 
of tae whigs. Invoking the name and the prestige of Gen. Jackson 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 235' 

("Old Hickory"), who ardently supported Mr. Van Buren, they adopted 
hickory boughs and the chicken-cock as their party emblems, and defi- 
antly waved the former, and caused the latter to exultingly crow in the 
faces of their opponents. 

The whigs and democrats of Missouri caught the prevailing spirit, and 
conducted the canvass in this state accordingly. The state was wild with 
excitement, and many are the incidents yet remembered by the old set- 
tlers of the campaign of 1840. The largest meeting in the state was 
held by the whigs, at Rocheport, in June, lasting three days and nights^ 
Many whigs from Saline and Lafayette attended this meeting. Among 
the speakers were Fletcher Webster, son of Daniel Webster, Gen. A. W. 
Doniphan, Abiel Leonard, James S. Rollins, and Geo. C. Bingham, of 
this county. 

In Saline county, for the first time in its history, the canvass was very 
exciting. One of its best and most prominent citizens, Hon. M. M. Mar- 
maduke, was the democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor. He and 
his friends made extraordinary exertions to carry the county. Demo- 
cratic meetings were held in various parts of the county — at Arrow Rock, 
at Marshall, at Miami, at Old Jefferson, and at other points. Claiborne 
F. Jackson, Gov. Marmaduke, and other prominent democrats had charge 
of the canvass. The democratic candidate for governor, Thomas Rey- 
nolds, made one speech in this county, ar Marshall. The whigs were 
equall}^ as active and determined as the democrats. They had the advan- 
tage of the majority of the voters of the county, and they permitted no 
proselytes to be made, if they could possibly help it. Their organization 
was very complete, and their managers very efiective. They carried the 
county by the following vote: 

Harrison and Tyler 375 

Van Buren and Johnson 322 

Majority for the whigs 53 

At the previous presidc^ntial election the regular democratic candidate 
had carried the county by a pluraHty of 43. 

The democrats carried the state, however — the gubernatorial ticket by 
7,413 majority, the presidential by 6,788. 

September 21, of this year, the first term of the county court in Mar- 
shall, the new count}^ seat, was held. Gilmore Hays and W. A. Wilson 
were present as justices; Jno. A. Trigg was clerk; Robt. Field, sheriff. 

On the morning of the 9th of February, 1844, Gov. Thomas Reynolds 
committed suicide in his room in the executive mansion, at Jefferson City, 
by shooting himself in the head with a rifle. Upon his death Lieut.-Gov. 
Marmaduke became governor. His administration was short, compara- 
tively, but it was a very acceptable one to all parties. Upon the assem- 



236 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

bling of the legislature, November 19th, he sent in his first and only annual 
message. In this paper, among other things, he congratulated the people 
that all the depreciated and worthless paper of the state had ceased to 
circulate, and in its place could then be seen a fair proportion of gold and 
silver, " the only true representatives of value." He announced himself 
heartily in favor of the annexation of the republic of Texas; recom- 
mended a memorial to congress asking for a donation to the state of a 
large tract of country in the southeastern part of the state known as " the 
big swamp," to be in turn donated to the counties on their agreeing to 
drain and reclaim it; urged the building of a state lunatic asylum, and 
assistance for the support of the state university at Columbus. Gov. M. 
was always a warm friend of the latter named institution. 

In June of this 3^ear occurred the memorable rise in the Missouri, known 
as " the big flood of '44." The season was unusually wet and floody. 
All the streams in the west were high, and floods and overflows were 
general. The cause of the phenomenal rise in the Missouri was the 
extraordinary freshets in the Kaw or Kansas river, added to the usual 
*'June rise " {tinusual this year), and some heavy local rains. But it was. 
the Kansas that did by far the greatest damage. Judge Ransom, of Kan- 
sas City, an old settler, says that the rise in the Kansas was caused by 
heavy rains along the Republican and Smoky Hill forks and other tribu- 
taries of the river in Kansas. The depth of fall of the Kansas at Kansas 
City, where it empties into the Missouri is much greater than that of the 
Missouri at that point. Discharging great v^olumes of water day and 
night the Kansas cut square across the Big Muddy and broke in huge 
breakers on the banks on the opposite side and at last over into the 
Clay county bottoms, doing great damage. The weather was very 
peculiar. It rained a veritable "forty days and forty nights." Every 
evening out of a clear sky just as the sun went down there arose a dark, 
ominous looking cloud in the northwest. Flashes of lightning and the 
heaviest thunder followed, and about ten o'clock the rain would begin to 
fall in torrents. The bridges were nearly all washed away. The 
next day the sun would rise clear and beautiful, and not a cloud would 
fleck the sky as a reminder of the disturbed elements of the night. 

The bottoms in Saline county were all overflown, and the citizens were 
forced to leave them and retreat to the higher lands. This rise far 
exceeded that of 1826 — some of the old settlers say 6y ten feet. Crowds 
of people gathered on the shores to view the sights presented upon the 
broad bosom of the mighty river. Houses and wrecks of various other 
kinds of building floated along; dead animals were common; there were 
haystacks, or remnants of them, as well as corn-shocks; while rails, boards, 
timbers, and even household furniture made up the debris. One instance 
is related, where there was borne upon the current the roof of a stable, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 237 

upon which were a number of chickens, alive and doing as well as could 
be expected. One old cock stood bravely up and crew lustily, and even 
defiantly, as if he were master of the situation after all. A large, compact 
strawstack is said to have gone down, on which were a crew of good- 
sized hogs, some of which were rooting away, indifferent to their sur- 
roundings, others were gazing at the prospects, tranquilly and unalarmed, 
while others lay basking in the sun. 

During the flood the house of M. Hutton, on the bottom, in the north- 
western part of the county, was the only one in all the neighborhood not 
reached and injured by the water. His lot kept dry, and a man slept on 
the place to take care of the stock, ever}^ head of which was saved. The 
water attained a depth of two feet over land half a mile from the river 
proper in many instances, as on the farm of Wm. S. Renick. At the 
point of the bluffs, in the northeast part of the county, where the Glas- 
gow and Lexington road leaves the bottom, the water was twenty-two 
feet deep. The average depth on the bottom was from four to six feet, 
and at Cambridge, according to Mr. R. C. Land, the river was from eight 
to ten miles wide. 

In the presidential election of this year James K. Polk, of Tennessee, 
and George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, were the democratic candidates, 
and Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, the nom- 
inees of the whigs. The " Kentucky whigs," as a certain class of mem- 
bers of that party were denominated by the democrats, rallied to a man 
for their standard bearer, whom many of them followed with a devotion 
heroic in its character and faithful to the last. The result in this county- 
was that the whigs were triumphant by the following vote: 

Clay and Frelinghuysen 591 

Polk and Dallas U6 

Majority for the whigs 145 

The democrats carried the state, however, by a vote of 41,369 for Polk, 
and 31,251 for Clay. 

THE MEXICAN WAR. 
In 1846, the war between the United States and Mexico broke out. 
The annexation of Texas being the alleged cause of the declaration of 
war by Mexico against the United States in April, and the attack on 
American soldiers by Mexicans the ground of the declaration of war on 
the part of the United States shortly afterward.* As in all other wars 
through which Saline county had passed since her organization, she bore 
her full part in this. 

At this time the army, under Gen. Taylor, in what is now southwest- 
ern Texas, was in a perilous situation, and Gen. Gaines, then at New 

*May 13, 1846. 



238 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Orleans, being apprised of this fact, and believing any action of the 
authorities at Washington would be too late to afford relief, requested of the 
different states lying west of the Mississippi the aid of volunteers. Gov- 
ernor Edwards promptly responded. He called on Saline count}- for fifty 
men, rank and file. Gen. Geo. W. Lewis, commanding this division of 
the Missouri militia, appointed May 21 for the meeting of the inhabitants 
for the purpose of raising the number of men required, by voluntary 
enHstment if practicable, or by draft if necessary. On the day so 
appointed more than the number required volunteered. A company was 
soon organized. John W. Reid was elected captain ; Calvin J. Miller, first 
lieutenant; Thos. E. Staples, second lieutenant. At their own expense, 
the members of this company went down to St. Louis and reported to 
Col. Robt. Campbell for service, but were refused. The government had 
annulled the order of Gen. Gaines, and placed him under arrest for issu- 
ing it. Somewhat mortified, but not discouraged, at this unexpected turn 
of affairs, the Saline county men returned to their homes. They were 
joked at by their neighbors for a time, but all this soon passed away. 

Under the act of congress,, of the 13th of May, President Polk called 
on Governor Edwards for a regiment of volunteers, to join the "Army of 
the West," then under command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney, of the 1st 
U. S. dragoons, in an expedition against Sante Fe and other Mexican pos- 
sessions, in the territory belonging to Mexico, and known as New Mexico. 
Gov. Edwards in turn called on Saline county for a company of eighty 
men. The response was as prompt and hearty as could have been 
desired. The war drums were beaten, the bugles blown, the flag of the 
stars and stripes flung out to the breeze, and the best men of Saline 
county prepared to rally under its folds. 

The citizens assembled at Marshall and a company of one hundred 
good men was soon raised. On the 3<)th of May, 1846, this company 
elected John W. Reid, captain by acclamation. For the office of first 
lieutenant, there were two candidates, C. J. Miller and S. E. Staples, but 
before the votes were half cast. Staples withdrew his name, and Miller 
was elected. On motion of the captain, it was decided that the succeed- 
ing officers should be elected by a pluralty vote. For second lieutenant, 
F. A. Boush, having received the highest number of votes, was declared 
elected. Four sergeants were then elected at one ballot — the one receiv- 
ing the highest number of votes being first sergeant — the next, second ser- 
geant; the next, third and the next, fourth sergeant. The corporals were 
also elected in the same way. 

Thursday, June 4th, was then appointed for rendezvousing in Mar- 
shall , which day was occupied in appraising the horses and equipage, 
which equipage was afterward found to be useless. 

On Friday m6rning, June 5, 1846, after receiving a handsome flag from 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 239 

the ladies of Marshall, which the company promised to return unsullied or 
not at all, with many good-byes and stirring emotions, the company rode 
away, followed by the best wishes for success, and most fervent pray- 
ers for a safe return, by the concourse of people that had assembled to 
witness its departure. The company marched tor Fort Leavenworth, to 
which point the regiment had been ordered to rendezvous. 

Mr. M. B. Edwards, a member of this company, followed its fortunes 
and was with it until the expiration of its term of service. He kept a 
journal of each day's events as they transpired, and upon his return trans- 
cribed its contents, elaborating upon its details, into a large four-quire 
blank book. This book is certainly an interesting record, while being 
unique and remarkable. It should have been printed, during the author's 
lifetime. It has a title page in these words: " A Journal of an Expedi- 
tion to New Mexico and the Southern Provinces, Conducted first by 
Gen. S. W, Kearney; and afterwards by Col. A. W. Doniphan, in 1846-7; 
by M. B. Edwards." The author also adds the following sentiment: 

"It is then there are shadows as well as lights; clouds as well as sun- 
shine; thorns as well as roses; but it is a happy world, after all." 

The author makes the following original dedication of his work: "To 
my Right Honorable Self. It would be wrong in me were I to inscribe 
this weak production to one less worthy of my great esteem and personal 
regard. Though perhaps you have been unworthy the notice of others, 
rendered so by your acts of unintended wrong, yet with vie you have been 
all in all ; and therefore, my motto shall ever be, ' Self first, country next, 
life always,'" Mr. Edwards's book contains three valuable and well exe- 
cuted maps, and gives very full and accurate details of Doniphan's expedi- 
tion to New Mexico. It is from this work that the details of the services 
of Capt. Reid's company have been taken. Mr. Edwards died at his 
home in this county not long since. 

The company made its first camp upon the farm of John M. Lewis, in 
this county, where the members were treated to a bountiful supper and 
breakfast, their horses given excellent pasture, and a right royal welcome 
given them. The next day, June 6, the company arrived at Dover, Lafay- 
ette county, where it was welcomed by a public meeting of the citizens. 
Mr. O'Bannon made an eloquent speech on behalf of the people, which 
was responded to by Capt. Reid. The members were also treated to other 
speeches — and (tell it mildly and whisper it low), to mint juleps to such an 
extent that, according to the journal of the expedition, both officers and 
men were too highly elevated to continue the march for the present, and 
camped for the night near Dover. Sleeping in the open air, the company 
recovered its steadiness, and resumed the march at 4 o'clock the next 
morning. Sunday evening, June T, Liberty, Clay county, was reached, 
where the company was right royally entertained, given suppers, beds and 



240 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



breakfasts at the hotels, excellent pasture and forage for their horses, and 
shown every attention. " But," says Mr. Edwards, " although it may be 
wrong to impugn the good actions of the people of Liberty, I was rather 
disposed to attribute their conduct more to policy than to patriotism, for 
Hon. A. W. Doniphan, a prominent and popular citizen of the place, has 
declared himself a candidate for colonel of the regiment to which we are 
to be attached!" 

On Monday, June 8th, 1846, the company reached Platte City, where it 
had its first fight. The Platte Cityans do not seem to have been greatly 
impressed by the warlike aspect of the company, and made great game of 
them. A little sailor named Sam'l Smith, belonging to the company, hav- 
ing occasion to make a purchase, an old fellow, who was said to be the 
terror of the town, interfered with him. The little sailor bounced him at 
once, gave him a thrashing that he probably never forgot, and announced 
his ability to treat likewise any other Platte City man who felt himself 
aggrieved. But all seemed convinced of the company's prowess, and it 
proceeded on its march to Fort Leavenworth, were it arrived on the 9th 
of June. 

At Ft. Leavenworth, before they were mustered into the service, the 
men were told that if there were any among them who wished to withdraw, 
now was the time, as after they were mustered in desertion would be 
punished with death. Only one man, John Miller, backed out. M. A. 
and Oscar Haynie, and Wm. Bartlett, were refused. 

The following is the roll of the company as mustered in at Ft. Leaven- 
worth June 10th, 1846, all of whom were from Saline county, except seven, 
who joined it at the fort. The company was styled Company D, First 
Regiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers: 



1st 
2d 
3d 
4th 
1st 
2d 
^3d 
4th 
1, 
2, 

3, 
4, 
5, 
6 

7, 

8, 

9 

10 



Serg.- 



Corp. 



Wm.P. Hicklin. 

T. E. Staples. 

W. H. M. Lewis. 

A. Cain. 

L. A. McClean. 

James A. Gaines. 

Isaac Hays. 

R. P. Payne. 
Alder, C. B. 
Albertson, Jesse. 
Beatie, Wm. 
Brown, Benj. 
Brown, John. 
Berry, Robt. H. 
Clarkson, Chris. 
Cowan, Andrew. 
Campbell, Andrew. 
CoflTey, B. F. 



11. Craig, H. H. 



12. Dresslar, G. W. 

13. Durrett, J. M. 

14. Durrett, B. B. 

15. Dille, Squire. 

16. Dille, S. H, 

17. Edwards, T. J. 

18. Edwards, M. B. 

19. Ferrill,John. 

20. Farris, Warren. 

21. Furguson, Isaac. 

22. Fizer, Joseph. 

23. Gwmn, Bart. 

24. Gilmore, C. 

25. Garrett, J. M. 

26. Garrett, C. K. 

27. Green, Alex. 

28. Green, W. M. 

29. Hays, J. C. 

30. Hays, Isaac. 



N 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



241 



31. Henton, Andrew. 

32. Harrison, Dan'l. 

33. HerkinsJ. H. 

34. Jackson, Alfred. 

35. Jones, John S. 

36. Johnston, E. J. 

37. Kile, Joseph. 

38. Kile, William. 

39. Lansdell, William. 

40. Langford, Thomas. 

41. Lewis, John A. 

42. Lewis, John S. 

43. Lyle, William. 

44. Lemon, Scott. 

45. Lynch, A. W. 

46. Long, J. P. . 

47. Martin, John. 

48. Morris, Mathew. 

49. Marshall, Joseph. 

50. Moore, H. W. 

51. Neff, H. W. 

52. Nichols, James. 

53. Osburn, W. M. 

54. Obannon, Thos. H. 

55. Obeishon, B. 

56. Patterson, Geo. W. 



57. Pemberton, J. T. 

58. Reese, Bradford. 

59. Reed, James. 

60. Robinson, Jacob. 

61. Shannon,J. D. 

62. Steele, Jas. A. 

63. Sheridan, John. 

64. Sullivan, Wm. 

65. Strother, William. 

66. Stephenson, Charles. 

67. Stewart, Alex. 

68. Smith, Bart. 

69. Smith, Saul F. 

70. Smith, Sam'l. 

71. Smith, Benj. F. 

72. Smith, Fred. 
-_73. Vaughn, J. P. 

74. Wheeler, Thos. * 

75. Whitson, Lipton. 

76. Wall, John. 

77. Wallace, R. M. 

78. Winkle, Adam. 

79. Wilpley, Redman. 

80. Wayne, J. T. 
^1. Waugh, Thomas. 

82. Walker, J. P. 



Of these seven, J. H. Herkins, J. S. Lewis, J. P. Long, R. Wilpley, J. 
P. Wavne, Thos. Waugh and J. P. Walker, joined the company at Fort 
Leavenworth. Six, J. M. Durrett, Isaac Furguson, Bart Gwinn, H. W. 
Moore, S. F. Smith and Thomas Wheeler, died in the service. Six, 
Andrew Cowan, Warren Farris, J. C. Hays, Scott Lemon, Wm. Sullivan 
and Wm. Strother, were discharged because of disability — and one, John 
H. Herkins, was drummed out of the service. He was not from Saline 
count}'. 

The regiment was fully organized at Fort Leavenworth. It was 
denominated the First Regiment of Missouri Mounted Volunteers, and 
was composed of eight nompanies. Company A was from Jackson 
county, Capt. Waldo commanding; company B, from Lafayette, Capt . 
Walton; company C, Clay, Capt. Moss; company D, Saline, Capt. Reid; 
company E, Franklin, Capt. Stevenson; company F, Cole, Capt. Par- 
sons; company G, Howard, Capt. Jackson; company H, Callaway, Capt. 
Rogers. The field officers were elected by the companies, and afterward 
duly commissioned. There were two candidates for the colonelcy of the 
regiment, A. W. Doniphan, of Clay county, and Col. Price, of Howard. 
Both candidates made speeches. Doniphan spoke first; Price replied. 
The latter had been a lieutenant-colonel in the Florida war, and in the 
16 



242 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

opinion of a great many, had not won very great renown, to speak 
mildly. When he alluded in his speech to the fact of his former service, 
some one in the crowd cried out, "You had better not mention that! " 
Doniphan was chosen colonel by a nearly unanimous vote. After an 
exciting contest between C. F. Ruff and Wm. T. Gilpin, for the ofhce of 
lieutenant-colonel, the former was elected, and Gilpin was chosen major of 
the regiment. 

To the First Missouri Mounted Volunteers were afterward joined 
Capt. Hudson's company, the Laclede Rangers, two companies of artil- 
lery, from St. Louis, in charge of Captains Weightman and Fisher, and 
under command of Major Clark, and two companies of infantry, under 
Captains Murphy and Augney. Besides these, were Kearney's dragoons, 
and these commands composed the members of the famed Doniphan's 
expedition. 

After a priaf period spent in drawing arms, drilling, and disciplining 
the men, the expedition prepared to set out for Santa Fe, and the other 
Mexican posts in New Mexico. On the 22d of June, company D, the 
Saline county company, and company A set out in advance of the main 
body of the expedition, under command of Capitain Waldo, of com- 
pany A. 

They marched steadily on until the 4th of July, 1846, when Captain 
Reid, of company D, procured a keg of whisky, and each man, officer 
and private, drank to the republic's birth in good old Bourbon, before they 
broke camp that morning. 

Early in September the regiment reached Santa Fe, their objective 
point, after suffering a good many hardships. After they had remained 
in Santa Fe a week or two, company D, with two other companies, under 
Lieut.-Col. Jackson, were sent out against the Navajo Indians, upon 
which expedition they set out on the 21st of September, 1846. On this 
expedition Bart Gwinn, of Saline county, died. After scouting around 
among the Navajos, and finally forming a treaty of peace with them, Col. 
Doniphan rendezvoused his forces for his famous march to Chihuahua, 
December 12, 1846. 

BATTLE OF THE BRACITO. 

On the 25th day of December, 1846, Christmas day, Col. Doniphan's 
regiment met a Mexican army, drawn up at the Bracito, near El Paso. The 
following account of this battle is taken from the journal of Mr. Edwards: 

Capt. Reid was away from camp when the scene commenced, water- 
ing his horse. He galloped up to camp, and heard the order was to fall in 
on foot; but he despises the infantry service, so he ordered those of his 
men who had their horses convenient, to mount them. No sooner said 
than done, and sixteen well-mounted men soon appeared by his side, behind 
our line of infantry. Accidentally, I found my mare close at hand, and 
rnounted her. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 243 

The enemy's long, bold front soon hove in sight, and was formed a 
little over a half mile off, while they rid themselves of every burdensome 
article. 

Now an officer appeared from their ranks, upon a foaming steed, bear- 
ing in his hand a black flag, with a skull and cross-bones on it, such as is 
used by pirates, and indicates death or victory, or "no quarters." He 
was met by our interpreter, Caldwell, about half way, who demanded of 
him his business. He replied that his commander demanded an interview 
with ours. Caldwell told him that our commander would meet his half 
way. " No," says the Spaniard, "he must come to our camp;" to which 
Caldwell replied in the negative. "Carajo!" said the Mexican; "we will 
then come and bring him." "Come on," replied Cald^'ell, "they are 
ready for you." Then the Mexican shook his black flag, and, pointing to 
it, said: " See! that is our motto; we ask no quarter, and will give none; 
there is no mercy for you, and you will receive none." Then waiving his 
little flag, he galloped off to join his command. 

Seemingly it was enough to make our commander's blood run chill 
when he saw the long, bold and beautiful front of the enemy, forming a 
striking contrast to our single rank of footmen, when he heard their 
menace and listened to the martial tones of their music. But quite the 
contrary. Coolness and self-confidence pervaded all our ranks. Laughing, 
talking and jesting, each seeming to vie with his neighbor in telling the 
best varns or using the most witty expressions. 

Balls soon ilew thick and fast, and as they would whistle by a fellow's 
ear he would involuntarily dodge his head after the danger was past. 
Col. Mitchell once halted behind our squad of cavalry, at which time I 
thought balls passed a little thicker than I had ever before heard them. 
The Colonel was mounted on a fine white horse, with gay trappings, so 
that he made a fine military appearance, and, I have no doubt, was the 
target for many shots. 

Our line was numbered oft' '•'■one — /zfo," with orders that number two 
should reserve his fire until number one fired, and then fire while number 
one w^as reloading — and thus alternately until otherwise ordered. The 
Mexicans continued advancing and firing with their piece of ordnance and 
with small arms. Our orders were "reserve your fire," which were 
again and again repeated, but it was with great difficulty that the men 
were restrained from firing too soon, each declaring that he had killed 
buftalo further than that. 

The Mexican cannon was supported on either side by a line of skir- 
mishers, who were lying in the grass, and kept »up a constant fire. We 
had now received three successive volleys from the main body of the 
Mexicans without returning a shot, and several of our men were already 
wounded. The footmen were ordered to kneel as a better protection for 
them and as a better position for firing. 

The Vera Cruz dragoons, the old veterans of the nation, who had 
served in all the wars with the Texans, and with Armijo as his life guard, 
were now seen advancing rapidly on our left. Colonel Doniphan ordered 
an elbow to be formed for their better reception, and doing this, the left 
wing fell back a short distance, seeing which, and supposing our men to 
be retreating, the Mexican dragoons increased their speed, and shouted 
" Buena! Buena! " — (Good! good!) — so distinctly that we could hear them 
plainly. The bugles sounded the charge — and their appearance was 



244 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

beautiful as they came on abreast — their steeds, the best of the Spanish 
stock, prancing and tossing their heads to the sound of the bugles, the 
riders erect and firm in their seats, their red coats, brazen helmets tipped 
with bearskin, and each armed with a carbine, a lance, holstsrs and sabre, 
they looked admirable and formidable. They had been maneuvering to 
get into our rear — but when the elbow was formed they saw this was 
hopeless, and made a direct charge at the left wing. As soon as they 
got over the sand hillocks, and got in steady order and under good way, 
the order was given, "fire!" and immediately the whole of the left wing, 
and for some distance up the elbow concentrated their fire upon the charg- 
ing dragoons — our men had forgotten the order to reserve half their fire. 

Now, how chahged the aspect of the Mexican chargers! How altered 
their appearance! But a moment before, so beautiful and imposing — now 
could be seen riders falling from their seats, and war horses bounding 
high in the air and falling never to rise again. They faltered, turned to the 
right as if to make a descent upon our wagons, but meeting with the 
same warm reception from the wagoners, and from one little squadron of 
cavalry, which had now charged to within a few rods of them, they 
turned and made a precipitate retreat, but were followed fast by our 
party, who overhauled and killed several with the sabre. I saw Captain 
Reid rush, with his sword drawn, upon a Mexican, whose horse had been 
killed. As he drew near, I saw the Mexican raise his gun, as I supposed, 
to ward ofi' the sabre blow, but, instead of this he fired directly at Reid's 
head, and was so close that the powder burned his whiskers, but the ball 
passed on without efiect. Another jump of his horse and Reid brought 
him to his knees with his sabre — though his sabre was so light and tri- 
fling that it did the fellow but little damage, and he raised with his lance, 
but there were now so many around him, that he was quickly dis- 
patched. 

After following the dragoons several hundred yards, when we found 
G company bringing in their only piece of cannon, which was a little how- 
itzer, drawn by one mule, and as near of[no account as an3'thing could well be . 
From it they shot slugs made of many different metals, chiefly copper. 

The Chihuahua grenadiers had attempted to charge upon the right wing 
that rested on the bank of the Bracito, or small arm of the river, but were 
driven back with considerable loss. It seems to have been their object to 
surround us. 

The Mexicans had now retreated beyond their original position, where 
they were hid from our sight by some sand hillocks, and where we sup- 
posed them to be rallying»to make another and more determined charge 
— so Col. Doniphan ordered Capt. Reid with the Saline horsemen, to pro- 
ceed to the left and reconnoitre. When we came to the place we supposed 
they would be found, we saw them in full retreat, some distance beyond, 
towards a mountain gap about ten miles to the east. Our party, which 
had now^ increased to sixty horsemen, followed them about eight miles. 
Their trail was marked with blood, from the wounded which they were 
carrying oft'. We returned with many miles packed with ammunition, 
provisions, etc. They have no wagons, but use mules instead. We found 
a quantity of wine, fine bread, cigaritos, etc., and after all ended, our 
Christmas much better than we had expected. 

Two horses belonging to the mounted squad were disabled, one belong- 
ing to Bradford of Lafayette and one to R. P. Payne of our company 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 245 

John Martin was mounted on a \"ery skittish mare. She ran over a mule 
and threw him sk}- hiorh! He was with me at the time, and I thought his 
horse had been hit, and he himself killed. 

So ended the battle of the Bracito. It w^as ended in thirty minutes after 
the first gun was fired. Our loss was seven w^ounded, none mor- 
tally. The Mexican loss was sixty killed, one hundred and seventy-two 
(including the commander) wounded, and three hundred and twenty-five 
missing — total, five hundred and twenty-five. This is their own report, 
and Mexican reports are always exaggerated in favor of themselves. 
Their commander, Col. Ponce De Leon, was wounded by two balls at the' 
distance of half a mile. Our strength actually engaged was four hundred 
and fifty, and the Mexicans reported a strength of twelve hundred. 

About a month after the battle of Bracito, Doniphan, with his whole 
command, now numbering a thousand men and six pieces of artillery, 
pushed on to Chihuahau. At Sacramento, in Chihuahua, he again 
encountered the Mexicans, and there was fought one of the most splendid 
little battles of the Mexican war. 

BATTLE OP SACRAMENTO. 

The account of this battle of Sacramento, which was by far the grandest 
achievement of Doniphan's expedition, is also taken from Edwards' journal, 
almost word for word. Thesbattle was fought on Sunday, February 28, 
1847. 

After marching ten miles we came in sight of the enemy, whose lines 
were drawn up in advance of their fortifications, fronting us, and divided 
into sections and companies, with a view, do doubt, to deceive us as to 
their numbers, as they unsbt^athed their sabers and waved them in the sun, 
over their heads. We were yet two miles distant, and halted until the 
command and wagons came up, during which halt. Col. Mitchell again 
applied his eye to his glass, and informed us that they had five batteries 
in sight. The cavalry now advanced to almost within range of their bat- 
teries, while the wagons turned to the right to gain an eminence almost as 
high as theirs. This was done to confuse the Mexicans, and as soon as 
our army had advanced some distance, the whole also turned to the right 
for the eminence. As soon as they saw our whole force making for this 
point thev dispatched their cavalry to cut us off. But we reached the 
point while the Mexicans were yet nine hundred yards distant. Here we 
formed our line and ■battery, and awaited the actions of the enemy, whose 
intention we supposed was to charge us, butseeing they remained inactive, 
our artillery bugle sounded a few quick, welcofne notes — the match was 
applied to the howitzer on the left — a thick flame and smoke arose from 
the muzzle — a glistening bomb whistled through the air, and leaving only 
a faint glimmer behind, exploded in the enemy's ranks. This was followed 
by another and another, until the whole six had fired. Our ranks 
cheered loudly, but death and consternation were in the Mexican ranks. 
They did not aw^ait the result of the whole round, before they scampered 
ofi' pell-mell toward their camp. Our first shot, as I have since been told, 
killed and wounded seventeen men and seven horses. We had fired but 
a few rounds, when their infantry and artillery advanced a few hundred 
yards nearer, and the cannonading for a short time became general on 
both sides. 



246 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The cheering in our ranks had ceased, and the men were intendy gaz- 
ing and dodging at every ball that came. The Mexican powder was of 
an inferior quality ; therefore the balls would bound and rebound several 
times before reaching us, and by watching carefully the points at which 
they struck the ground, a pretty good guess where they would strike our 
line, and in time to avoid them. The balls would pass through an open- 
ing, made for the purpose, in our ranks, or bound high over our heads, 
with a roaring or howling noise. Our corral was formed just behind 
our lines, so that it received the same fire we did. Their firing, however, 
did but little damage — wounding one man and killing a horse and a mule. 
Through some mistake our bombs of the right kind were misplaced, and 
nearly all that were thrown burst half way. Some of them, and most of 
the round shot took efiect. 

The firing now ceased on both sides, and the Mexicans retired to their 
intrenchments, while we advanced upon the right of their position. Now 
came DeCoursey, our adjutant, with " prepare for a charge," directed to 
the two horse companies. Through some mistake Capt. Parsons did not 
understand the order, and onl}- Capt. Reid's company with Capt. Wight- 
man's two twelve-pound howitzers, made the charge. The rest of the 
regiment advanced along the line of a ridge to attack them in their strong- 
hold. 

Capt. Reid, with his company a^ a brisk trot, advanced to the right of 
their position. We had just reached a deep gully at the ascent of a sleep 
hill, upon which was a battery, supported by a redoubt, besides the line 
of their intrenchments. This battery on the hill, and the small arms 
above, with the battery on the opposite side of the valley from Sacra- 
mento fort, had just opened upon us, when Doniphan perceived that Capt. 
Parsons was not with us, and sent the adjutaht, ordering us to halt, leav- 
ing us exposed to three different fires. It was certainly imprudent of De 
Coursey, even supposing he had orders, to halt us here, he could see to 
what we were exposed, and that we might have taken cover under the 
hill, but probably there was no time for a second thought; and thanks to 
the miserable management of the Mexicans, none of us were killed here. 
Capt. Reid, who either had not heard the adjutant's order, being in 
advance of his company and half way up the hill, or not choosing to obey, 
continued on, calling to his men to follow, and not turning to see if they 
were behind him, when in fact he was only followed by Maj. Owens of 
the volunteer traders' hands, and Maj. Campbell, of Lafayette, who did 
not belong to the army; he approached the very ditch of the battery which 
seemed lit with flame ;ind smoke. It was here that the career of 
the unfortunate Owens was cut short, having received two shots 
and two lance wounds. Capt. Reid's horse got two shots, which dis- 
abled him. The company perceiving this, broke away for their captain, 
regardless of orders, and were soon at the top of the hill. Here they 
halted, about seventy-five yards from the breastworks, but being some- 
what under the hill, the Mexican bullets whistled high overhead. Here 
the lieutenant tried to form the men again, which was useless, for a line is 
not kept longer than an attack is commenced. Here we were, no one 
knowing what to do. The main body of the army were just reaching the 
gully, and there being no place where cavalry would be of service, we 
remained inactive, only firing when we could get an opportunity. Here 
several of our men were wounded, among whom was Corporal McClean, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 247 

in the left arm, (since adjutant-general of Gen. Price's army of M. S. G). 
One howitzer was rushed up with a great deal of expedition and fired by 
Lieut. Chouteau and the driver, and it succeeded in dispersing the Mexican 
c-ivalrv, that seemed to be preparing to charge us. The other was soon 
up, and begun to fire into the ditches and rallying cavalry. 

The infantry now came rushing up the hill with a shout. The Mexi- 
cans feared to poke their heads above the parapets, so they would level 
their guns above, and fire without aim. The attack became general and 
warm. Men rushed upon the ditches and fired into them, and on the 
Mexicans, as they were leaving them. Others discharged their pieces, 
and, not taking time to reload, used their guns as cudgels. The horsemen 
were now engaged in pursuit of a large body of cavalr}^ through the val- 
lev of mesquite, or chapparal, where they got completely scattered. The 
Mexicans were utterly routed, with heavy loss. 

Having possession of the hill, there now remained another position to 
force — the hill on the opposite side of the valley, called Fort Sacramento. 
The ascent was steep and rugged, and the position a very strong one, and 
very hard to carry b}^ storm. Maj. Clark planted his battery of four 
guns on the point of the hill stormed by Capt. Reid, and began to fire 
with round shot and shell, while the first battalion advanced to the attack. 
-f-Maj. Clark's first shot dismounted one of their pieces, and every shell, 
knowing its appointed place, the Mexicans did not await our arrival. 
When we reached the foot of the hiil, the howitzers were run up with 
the greatest difficulty. The place was defended by a body of infantry 
who had not been previously engaged, but when we arrived at the top of 
the hill they were already making their way to the mountains. We fol- 
lowed several miles, killing and capturing many of them, until night ended 
our pursuit. 

When we returned we found the regiment camped on the hill that the 
Mexican army had occupied the night before, and settled dow^n in quiet 
and peace. None were killed on the field, save Major Owens, Sergeant 
Kirkpatrick, of company B, mortally wounded, and nine others, more or 
less severely. The loss of the Mexicans in this engagement is not posi- 
tively certain, and has been variously estimated at from 700 to 1,000, in 
killed, wounded, and prisoners. Their loss, altogether, may be safely 
estimated at ],000. We captured thirteen guns, eleven of which were 
mounted — two nine-pounders, the rest sixes, and all made of refined cop- 
per; also, nine rampart pieces, and a large amount of ammunition, bag- 
gage, provisions, &c. The Mexican army was 4,000 strong, commanded 
by Gen. Heredia, fully four to one with Doniphan's regiment. And thus 
ended the battle of Sacramento, one of the most signal successes ever 
achieved by American arms. 

Of this action and the connection of the Missouri volunteers therewith, 
Gen. Taylor was pleased to say: 

Headquarters Army of Occupation, ) 
Camp near Monterey, April 14, 1S47. ) 
General Order ^ No. j2. 

11. The commanding general would at the^ same time announce 
another signal success won b}^ the gallantry of our troops, on the 2Sth of 
February, near the city of Chihuahua. A column of Missouri volun- 



2'18 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

teers, less than a thousand strong, with a light field battery, attacked a 
Mexican force, many times their superior in numbers, in an entrenched 
position, captured its artillery and baggage, and defeated it with great 
loss. * * * * gy command of 

Major General Taylor. 

The vast superiority of the Anglo Saxon race, though only one to four, 
carried all before them, and the battle was decided, though not finished, 
in an hour after it began. The battle of Sacramento was fought on the 
28th of February, 1847. Af:er the battle, Doniphan took possession of the 
city of Chihuahua, and capital of the state, containing a population of 
25,000 souls. 

On the 24th of April, 1847, after remaining in Chihuahua two months, 
the regiment was ordered home, which news was received joyfully, and 
the men began their march for Missouri on the 26th of April, 1847, mov- 
ing down into Mexico, to Gen. Wool's headquarters, where they were dis- 
charged, their year of service having expired. Upon being mustered 
out and receiving their pay, they marched to the seaboard. 

On the 5th of June, 1847, Doniphan's regiment left Mexico for the 
United States, arriving at New Orleans on the 15th. Before it left Mex- 
ico it received the following very complimentary mention from Brig. Gen. 
Wool, commanding division: 

Headquarters at Buena Vista, ) 
May 22, 1847. f 
Special Orders^ No. 27J. 

I. The general commanding takes great pleasure in expressing the 
gratification he has received this afternoon in meeting the Missouri volun- 
teers. They are about to close their present term of military service, 
after having rendered, in the course of the arduous duties they have been 
called upon to perform, a series of highly important services, crowned by 
decisive and glorious victories. No troops can point to a more briUiant 
career than those commanded by Col. Doniphan, and none will ever hear 
of the battles of Bracito and Sacramento without a feeling of admiration 
for the men who gained them. The state of Missouri has just cause to 
be proud of the achievements of the men who represented her in the army 
against Mexico, and she will no doubt receive them on their return with 
all the joy and satisfaction to which a due appreciation of their merits and 
services so justly entitles them. In bidding them adieu, the general 
washes to Col. Doniphan, his officers and men, a happy return to their 
families and homes. By command of 

Brig. Gen. John E. Wool. 

Irvin McDowell,* A. A. Gen. 

The members of the Saline county company did not all return to their 
homes at the same time. Each man came in when and as he pleased. 
All of the survivors were at home, however, by the 4th of July, 1847. 

On the last named day the returned volunteers were given a grand 



*Afttrward general in command of the Federal army at, the fir^t battle of Bull Run. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 249 

reception by the people of the county. The place selected was in Walnut 
Grove, a beautiful grassy wood on the level ground east of the bridge on 
the road from Miami to the bottom lands below. The assemblage of peo- 
ple, including the soldiers and many from adjoining counties, was very 
large. The order of the day was as follows: A procession was formed 
beo-inning where the Stewart hotel now stands, in Miami. It was regu- 
larly marshaled and marched, with music and banners, to the grounds, 
forming quite an imposing pageant. A magniticent barbecue dinner was 
served. The meats were cooked in deep pits in the ground and served 
up in huge trenchers on a long table. Col. John Brown, then the repre- 
sentative of the county, presided. W . T. Hewitt, of Miami, was orator 
of the day, and his address of welcome to the Saline county heroes was 
replete with eloquence, cordiality and patriotism. After dinner many 
gratulatory and patriotic toasts were oflered and cordially responded to. 
One of these toasts remembered was: 

This Barbecue. — A home harvest-feast for the brave bo3's who have 
been reaping laurels on the tields of Bracito and Sacramento. 

In the evening there was a grand ball in a large hemp warehouse at 
the foot of Main street, Miami, which was largely attended and partici- 
pated in by the best people of the county. 



FROM 1844 TO 1850. 



Pursuant to a treaty made with the Sac and Fox Indians at their agency 
in southern Iowa in 1842, they were removed from that state in the fall of 
1845 and in the spring of 1846 to Kansas. Those who left in the fall of 
1845 were not in charge of a government agent, but came voluntarily 
down the Grand river to its mouth, and then crossed over to the Saline 
county side to spend the winter in the bottom nearly opposite Brunswick, 
waiting for the mild weather of spring to remove to their reservation in 
Kansas, They arrived in the Miami bottom in January, 1846. The party 
was in charge of the renowned chief, Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), 
Young Black Hawk, and other prominent braves. It numbered about 
fiv^e hundred men, women and children. 

Soon after the arrival of the Indians the people of north Saline grew 
very indignant, chiefly because the Indians were fast destroying the game, 
and efforts were being made to call out the militia and drive them out, 
when unexpectedly Maj. Harvey, a superintendent of Indian affairs, 
arrived at his home, a few miles south of Miami. On learning the state 
of affairs, he came to Miami, and sent messengers to the Indian camp, 
requesting the chiefs and head men to come up and have a "talk." In a 
small yard, inclosed in front of the house now owned by Mrs. Mary 



250 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Walden, the council met. Keokuk and Young Black Hawk, with a few 
of their retainers and their interpreter, Joseph Smart, represented the 
Indians, and Major Harvey and a deputation of citizens represented the 
whites. There was considerable parleying on both sides. The Indians 
evinced great opposition to moving at that time on account of the inclem- 
ency of the weather and the suffering that must inevitably ensue among 
their women and children. The matter was at last settled by the philan- 
thropic Major Harvey. He owned a large tract of timber land on the 
bottom above Miami, to which the Indians consented to remove their 
camp, and remain until next spring, and not trespass upon the lands 
owned by the other whites in the meanwhile. This arrangement satisfied 
all parties, and the Indians soon were in their new quarters. 

While the Indians were here encamped they were visited by hundreds 
of the citizens of the count}*, from far and near. They always received 
their visitors very friendly, and made them welcome as well as they 
could. Several trials of skill, m the use of the rifle, took place between 
them and the white marksmen of that day, and as powder and lead with 
them were scarce, they invariably stipulated in these shooting matches 
that the whites should furnish the ammunition. On one occasion. Dr. Dun- 
lap, of Miami, had been out quail shooting, and had been able to secure 
a few braces of these birds. Being close to the Indian camp on his way 
home, he visited it. The squaws and boys gathered about him, and see- 
ing the game he carried, by a variety of ejaculations and gestures 
expressed their contempt for a man who would waste powder and lead on 
such small game as quail! 

The Indians left in March for their Kansas reservation, and not long 
afterward, the great chief Keokuk died of dcliriwn tremens^ after a pro- 
longed debauch. Young Blackhawk, it is said, had for a wife, or rather 
for one of his wives, the daughter of a white woman, captured by the 
Sacs in early days. This is a mistake. The woman in question was 
a white woman, but she was from a small town in Iowa, and being forced 
to leave her home for improper and immoral conduct, joined the Indians 
at their camp, at the town of lowaville, in Van Buren county, Iowa, and 
became the wife or rather the paramour of Young Black Hawk, or 
" Pete," as the whites in Iowa called him. The Indians were well 
acquainted with Saline county and this part of Missouri, generally, hav- 
ing, some of them, lived here in the " long ago," and others of them hav- 
ing visited here during the war of 1812. 

In the presidential canvass of 1848, General Zachary Taylor, of Louis- 
iana, was the whig candidate for president, with Millard Fillmore, of New 
York, for vice-president. The democrats nominated Gen. Lewis Cass, 
of Michigan, for president, and General Wm. O. Buller, of Kentucky, for 
vice-president. There was no very unusual excitement m this year, in 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 251 

Saline county. The whigs carried the county by a reduced majority, the 
vote being as follows: 

Taylor und Fillmore 536 

Cass and Butler 438 

Majority for the whigs 9& 

Not every whig voted for Gen. Taylor. Some of the returned soldiers 
did not like him, and voted against him. There was a third Presidential 
ticket in the field, that of the free-soilers, composed of Martin Van Buren, 
formerly an ardent democrat, and Charles Francis Adams, but it received 
no votes outside of the free states. 

The whigs made strenuous efforts to carry the state of Missouri for 
" Old Rough and Ready," as thc}^ called Gen. Ta3'lor, as they did through- 
out the Union. One verse of one of their campaign songs indicates the 
animus of their canvass: 

O, Jimmy Polk we thought a joke in 1844, 
When he was made the nominee by the Locos at Baltimore; 
But now we'll lookout what we're .tbout before it gets too late. 
And we'll have no such cruel tricks played off in '48. 

Although the whigs succeeded in electing their nominee,s they failed to 
carry Missouri. The vote was, for the democratic electors, 40,077; for 
the whig electors, 32,671; majority for the democrats, 7,406. 

Injanuar}^ of this year began a series of discussions in the legislature con- 
cerning the question of slavery, or rather the power of congress over 
slavery in the territories. The " Wilmot Proviso," so-called from its 
author, Hon. David Wilmot, of Pennsylvania, had been introduced into a 
previous congress, providing as follows: 

That as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any 
territory from the republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of 
any treaty that may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the 
executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involun- 
tary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for 
crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. 

This was during the debate in congress over the bill appropriating 
moneys to carry on the Mexican war. 

The Wilmot Proviso caused great discussion throughout the Union, and 
considerable excitement in the South. Col. Switzler says* that the people 
of the southern states were much alarmed for the security of their '• pecu- 
liar institution," and felt the keenest apprehensions that by the admission 
of new states, devoted forever to free soil, they would lose their dominance 
in the national legislature, and soon become an easy prey to the designs 
of the abolitionists. It was quite natural that a large portion of the peo- 
ple of Missouri, without regard to political party distinctions, should share 
these convictions with varying degrees of intensitv. Some, it is true ,. 

^History of Missouri p. 264. 



*J52 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

■were so wedded to the institution of slavery that rather than abandon it 
in Missouri, by any plan or process, they seemed willing to dissolve the 
Union. Others, while feeling strongly attached to and believing in slavery, 
were at the same time devoted to the Union. Either they or their ances- 
tors or their kinsmen, had fought for it, and its flag to them was a holy 
thing. While desiring to perpetuate, and to extend, the " peculiar insti- 
tution," they shrank aghast at the idea of dissolving the Union. They 
believed that the Union and slavery ought to and could be preserved 
together. The latter sentiments were shared by most of the whigs and 
many of the democrats of Saline county. 

In the legislature, on the 15th of January, Hon. C. F. Jackson, who had 
long been a citizen of Saline, but who had removed to Howard county, 
and was then a senator from that district, introduced some resolutions on 
the subject of the nature of the Federal government, and its power over 
the question of slav^ery in the territories. The following is a copy of 
these resolutions : 

Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri: That 
the Federal constitution was the result of a compromise between the 
conflicting interests of the states which formed it, and in no part of 
that instrument is to be found any delegation of power to congress to leg- 
islate on the subject of slavery, excepting some special provisions, having 
in view the prospective abolition of the African slave trade, made for the 
securing the recovery of fugitive slaves; any attempt, therefore, on the 
part of congress, to legislate on the subject, so as to affect the institution of 
slavery in the states, in the District of Columbia, or in the territories, is, 
to say the least, a violation of the principles upon which that instrument 
was founded. 

2. That the territories, acquired by the blood and treasure of the 
whole nation, ought to be governed for the common benefit of the people 
of all the states, and any organization of the territorial governments, 
excluding the citizens of any part of the Union from removing to such ' 
territories, with their property, would be an exercise of power bv con- , 
gress inconsistent with the spirit upon which our federal compact was 
based, insulting to the sovereignty and dignity of the states thus aftected, 
calculated to alienate one portion of the LJnion from another, and tending 
ultimately to disunion. 

3. That this general assembly regard the conduct of the northern \ 
states on the subject of slavery as releasing the slave-hofding state from ' 
all further adherence to the basis of compromise fixed on by the act of 
congress of March 6, 1S20; even if such act ever did impose an}- obliga- i 
tion upon the slave-holding states, and authorizes them to insist upon their 
rights under the constitution ; but, for the sake of harmony, and for the , 
preservation of our Federal Union, they will still sanction the application 
of the principles of the Missouri Compromise to the recent territorial 
acquisitions, if by such concession future aggressions upon the equal rights 
of the states may be arrested and the spirit of anti-slavery fanaticism be 
extinguished. 

4. The right to prohibit slaver}' in any territory belongs exclusively 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 253 

to the people thereof, and can only be exercised by them in forming their 
constitution for a state government or in their sovereign capacity as an 
independent state. 

5. That in the event of the passage of any act of congress conflicting 
with the principles herein expressed, Missouri will be found in hearty 
co-operation with* the slave-holding states, in such measures as may be 
deemed necessary for our mutual protection against the encroachments of 
northern fanaticism. 

6. That our senators in congress be instructed and our representatives 
be requested to act in conformity to the foregoing resolutions. 

These resolutions engrossed the attention of public men and the consid- 
eration of the public mind for a time almost as much as the Wilmot pro- 
viso. They were known as the "Jackson resolutions," from the name of 
their mover, but their real author was Hon. W. B. Napton, of Saline 
county, one of the most prominent men and one of the ablest lawyers and 
jurists of the state.* 

The champion of the resolutions in the legislature was Hon. C. F. 
Jackson (afterward governor), really a Saline county man, and the leader 
of the opposition to them was also from this county, Hon. Geo. C. 
Bingham, the painter-statesman-soldier, who was raised chiefly at Arrow 
Rock, and painted his first picture there on a walnut board prepared by 
himself while working as an apprentice in a cabinet shop. 

The resolutions passed both houses of the legislature — the senate by a 
vote of 23 to 6; the house by 53 to 27. Col. Benton, one of the United 
States senators from this state, appealed from the instructions of the leg- 
islature to the people, canvassed the state against them, and divided the 
democratic party in this state into two factions, known as the Benton and 
the anti-Benton democrats, or the " hards " and the " softs." The result 
was that at the next session of the legislature the whigs succeeded in 
electing their candidate, Hon. H. S. Geyer, to the United States senate to 
succeed Col. Benton. 

In the summer of 1849, cholera again made its appearance in this county, 

*Dear Sir. — You are right ia assuming that I am the author of the " Jackson resolu-"* 
tions." I wrote them at the request of Governor Jackson and other members of the legisla- 
ture. On the morning after they were prepared, Gov. Jackson, Judge Scott, Carty Wells, 
George W. Hough, and probably one or two other friends of mine whose presence has been 
forgotten, called on me at my room in the capitol, and I read the resolutions and they 
approved them. These gentlemen are all dead now, and the principles of government 
declared in the resolutions are also dead. Tlie gentlemen named and myself happened 
to agree in political opinions and were intimate personal friends, and this was doubtless 
the reason why I was called on to draw up the resolutions. 

Whether or not the conversion ot the Federal government into a national one, which the 
civil war effected, will result in ultimate benefit, time alone can show. I confess to a 
partialit}' to the principles of state sovereignty as defined by Jefferson and Madison, and 
all the early republican presidents, by the Virginia resolutions of 1798-9, and Madison's 
report, and by the Kentucky resolutions. It was upon these original documents of our 
early statesmen that the resolutions you refer to, introduced into the Missouri legislature 
by Gov. Jackson, were based, and I am only entitled to the credit of putting them in a 
shape that was acceptable to my political friends and associates. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant. 

Elk Hill, May 8, 1881. W. B. Napton. 



254 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and this time was very fatal and destructive. Arrow Rock, Saline Cit}^, 
Cambridge, Miami, and Marshall were all visited by the dreadful scourge, 
and there were many cases in the country. There was the greatest alarm 
throughout the county. Farmers and others living in the country feared 
to visit the towns, even to procure family supplies or medical attendance. 
When they came in, they would ride up in front of a store, call for what 
they wanted, receive it, and without dismounting, gallop hastily away. 
The negroes were very much affected by the general alarm, and worked 
faithfully for their masters, and for the time being at least were not eye- 
servants. Some of them died, and this among other circumstances, fright- 
ened them into doing their duty. A story illustrative of these times was 
related by the people of those days, but it is hardly fit for ears polite. 

A Mr. Snoddy first brought the cholera to Marshall. He had been to 
Miami, where he contracted the disease. He rode into Marshall, but had 
to be helped from his horse. In a short time he was dead. Dr. Hicks, a 
prominent physician of Marshall, attended Mr. Snoddy. In but a short 
time the doctor himself was taken. He suffered but little, apparently, 
and declared that he underwent no pain, although he felt certain that he 
would die. In a brief period he had passed away. Some negroes in 
town were attacked, and died. The number of deaths in the town of 
Marshall was six; the whole number in the county about fifty. 



FROM 1850 TO 1860. 



From 1850 to 1860 the county steadily prospered. The seasons were 
propitious, the harvests universally abundant, and prosperity was general 
and substantial. Thousands of tons of hemp, of bushels of wheat, of 
pounds of tobacco, were annually raised and shipped, from which golden 
returns, in abundance, were always received. The large land-holders of 
the county owned many slaves that did the work and made the wealth of 
their owners. 

Miami and Arrow Rock were the principal shipping points, and much 
business was transacted at these ports, in the line of forwarding produce 
and receiving merchandise. 

FIRST RAILROAD AGITATION. 

All of the goods and merchandise used and consumed in the county 
prior to about the year 1858, were shipped on steamboats. In 1852-3, 
there was a very considerable effort made to secure the location of the 
Pacific railway through the county. Many public meetings were held 
and the county court, authorized by the people, agreed to make an order, 
issuing bonds to a considerable extent, in favor of the road, upon its com- 
pletion through the county. It was contemplated by the people of Cooper, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 255 

Saline and Lafayette, to have the road leave Jefferson City or George- 
town, and pass through their counties via Booneville and Marshall. But 
those having the building of the line in charge located it upon what was 
called the southern route, to Sedalia via California, for upon this line they 
owned tracts of land, which became largely enhanced in value, in conse- 
quence of the building of the railroad. 

At the session of the county court, September, 1852, an election was 
ordered to be held, October 2, " for the purpose," according to the record, 
"of taking the sense of the people, upon the proposition that the county 
court of Saline county subscribe for stock of the Pacific railroad, to the 
amount of $100,000 ; and if it should be necessary to secure the said road 
t6 run through the body of our county, to pass in a reasonable distance 
of the county seat; that the said court subscribe for the stock of said 
road to the amount of $200,000, or go as far as $300,000 worth of stock, 
rather than to fail in securing said road to pass through the body of the 
county." 

Considerable of a canvass was made throughout the county, by friends 
of the project, attended with much discussion of the subject. The elec- 
tion came off and an examination of the poll books disclosed these facts: 
Four hundred and seventy-three votes were cast at the election. For 
subscribing $100,000, there were 274 votes; for subscribing $200,000, 
there were 244 votes; for subscribing $300,000, there were 205 votes, and 
against subscribing for any stock there were 199 votes. 

At the November session it was ordered that $200,000 worth of stock 
should be subscribed for, provided the road should be built by way of 
Arrow Rock and Marshall. John Locke Hardeman was appointed agent 
of the county to subscribe for the stock to the aforesaid amount, and to 
attend to any other business in relation to railroad matters required of him 
by the court. 

No opportunity was ever given Mr. Hardeman to make the subscrip- 
tion, for, as before stated, the road was located upon the southern line, 
and not upon the "river route." A great calamity to Saline, Cooper, and 
Lafeyette counties, then acting in concert to secure the location of the 
important thoroughfare known as the Pacific railroad, now called the Mis- 
souri Pacific. This was the first legislation upon the subject of railroads 
by the authorities of Saline county. 

January 31, 1857, an election was held "to test the sense of the people 
in regard to the propriety of the county court's subscribing, on behalf of 
the county, for stock in a railroad which shall run from Lexington, and 
pass centrally through Saline county, connecting with the Pacific road at 
some point west of Jefferson City," which subscription was to be to the 
amount of $300,000 to $400,000. The people not taking kindly to the 



256 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. . 

idea of "plug" railroads, the proposition was voted down by a good 
majority. The following was the vote of the county, by townships : 

Against any 

Townships. For $300,000. For $400,000. Appropriation. 

Arrow Rock 17 32 104 

Jelierson 9 5 172 

Miami 1 14 207 

Grand Pass 27 5 

Salt Pond 9 13 105 

Blackwater 1 11 40 

Marshall 2 103 36 

Total 39 205 669 

Majority for no appropriation 425 

Politics engrossed a very large share of the time and attention of the 
people. The constant agitation of the slavery question in congress and 
elsewhere attracted the attention of the people of this county. While there 
was probably not a single out-and-out abolitionist in the county, there 
were many who antagonized the extreme position of some pro-slavery 
men upon the question of the "peculiar institution," and deprecated the 
constant turmoil upon the question then going on. 

The two political parties in the county were the democratic and whig 
parties, the latter being slightly in the majority. In the presidential con- 
test of 1852, Gen. Winfield Scott was the nominee of the whigs and Gen. 
Franklin Pierce the democratic candidate. The freesoilers had a ticket 
in the field headed by John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, but it cut only a 
very insignificant figure in the campaign. This campaign will ever be 
regarded as a memorable one, since it was the last in which the old whig 
party, as a party, presented a presidential candidate. Gen. Scott was 
quite well and favorabiy known throughout the country. He was a hero 
of three wars and commander-in-chief of the U. S. army during the war 
with Mexico. He had been a brave and gallant soldier, who had shed his 
blood for his country. British lead was in his body, which he carried with 
him to his grave. But however great Gen. Scott was as a soldier, he was 
an utter failure as a politician and as a candidate. His first speech in the 
campaign, to a deputation of foreigners in which he declared that he 
^^ loved the rich Irish brogue and the sweet German accent," made him 
the butt of his opponents, and a subject of general ridicule, while his posi- 
tion upon both sides of the Missouri compromise question, the tarifi' ques- 
tion and other measures regarded as of moment, effectually killed his case 
before the American people, and he was overwhelmingly defeated by his 
opponent, a comparatively obscure New England senator and a brigadier 
general of volunteers in the Mexican war. Twenty-eight years thereafter 
Gen. Scott's namesake, Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock was as deci- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 257 

dedly, although not near so overwhelmingly defeated in a contest for the 
presidency. 

In Saline county this year the whigs, under Letcher, Maupin, and 
others, were met by the democrats led by C. F. Jackson, Dr. Penn and 
others. The whigs fought hard, for they were fighting their last battle 
under their old party organization. They carried the county by the fol- 
lowing vote : 

Scott and Graham 514 

Pierce and King 443 

Majority for the whigs 71 

Very soon after the presidential election of this year, the whig party fell 
to pieces. From its ruins sprang up the American party, of which most 
of the " old line " whigs became members, and for whose candidates most 
of them thereafter voted. But for many years thereafter, and even to this 
day, there were, and are voters in Saline county called by themselves 
"whigs," — who yet believe in Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, free banks, 
and internal improvements. 

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1856. 
In 1856, the American or Know-nothing party, composed of old whigs 
and a few democrats, with a platform embodying the principles of opposi- 
tion to the holding of office by foreigners and Roman Catholics, carried 
Saline county by a considerable majority. The candidates were James 
Buchanan and John C. Breckenridge of the democrats, Millard Fillmore 
and Andrew Jackson Donelson of the Americans, and John C. Fremont 
and Wm. L. Dayton, of the republicans. Votes were cast in Saline for 
only Buchanan and Fillmore, as follows: 

Fillmore and Donelson 853 

Buchanan and Breckenridge 599 

Majority for the Americans 254 

DURING THE TROUBLES IN KANSAS. 
From the first of the troubles in the territory of Kansas, until the last, 
as to whether or not there should be slavery in the state upon its admis- 
sion into the Union, the people of Saline took a part therein upon the pro- 
slavery side. For some time many of those interested in the institution of 
slavery, believing their interests to be in danger, and that the end would 
justify the means, had been members of a secret political order looking to 
the preservation, perpetuation, and extension of the " peculiar institution." 
This organization had many members in this county, and three or four 
lodges or " camps." These were in communication with other " camps " 
in other states, and performed an important part of one division of the 
work for which the order was created. 
17 



258 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

This organization had its hailing signs, its grips, its passwords, and was 
near to kin and auxiliary to the famous Knights of the Golden Circle. It 
did what it could to make Kansas a slave state. Many of its members, 
as well as some other citizens of the county who were not members, went 
regularly to Kansas and voted every time a territorial legislature w^as to 
be chosen or a constitution adopted, and as regularly returned to their 
Missouri homes after the election! But the free-soilers of the north were 
pursuing the same tactics, and there was that sort of excuse, if it be law- 
ful to call it an excuse. Sharpe's rifles and brass cannon were bought with 
the proceeds of northern church collections, and sent in charge of men 
w4io would use them "to consecrate the soil of Kansas to freedom," as 
the northern abolition sentimentalists expressed it, and there w^as a great 
deal of fraud and other w^rong perpetrated by both the pro-slavery and 
free-soil factions. 

But there were many who went to Kansas from Saline county from 

1854 to 1858, who went with the intention of becoming, and became, bona 

jide settlers, fought, when necessary, for their opinions and their property. 

Capt. John W. Reid, who commanded the Saline county company in the 

Mexican war, had removed to Jackson county, and from there had gone 

into Kansas, and w^as a prominent leader of the pro-slavery party. Many 

Saline county men took service under him, and were with him in several 

tights with the free soilers. Some of these men fought at Osawatamie, 

Leavenworth, and other places, while a few were with Hamilton at the 

Marais dc Cyg'ne,"^ where the twenty-tw^o free state men were captured, 

tied to stakes or trees, and shot. This incident has been commemorated 

by Whittier in his poem, beginning — 

" A blush as of roses 

Where roses never grew ; 
Great drops on the bunch-grass — 
But not of the dew." 

The Saline count}- men who participated in this affair did so very reluct- 
antly, and only did what they were compelled to. It w^as this sort of 
warfare in the Kansas troubles that gave rise to jayhawkerism and guer- 
rillaism in the civil war, and caused such men as Jim Lane and Jennison 
and Quantrell and Bill Anderson. 

Many prominent men of this county were in the territory, from time to 
time, giving advice and consulting among themselves. On the 30th of 
March, 1855, an election was held for members of the legislature. At 
Lawrence, a consultation of the pro-slavery leaders was held, the evening 
before this election, at the tent of Hon. C. F. Jackson, then present in 
the territory .f The result of this conference w^as that the pro-slavery 
men carried the territorial election by a good, strong majority. 

*" The Swamp of the Swans," Linn county, Kansas. 
fGreeley's Am. Contlict, v. i, p. 238. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 259 

From time to time, provisions, such as bacon, flour, potatoes, etc., 
together with arms and ammunition, were sent into Kansas, from Saline, 
and from time to time, " visiting statesmen " journeyed thereto. Mr. T. 
W. B. Crews, Hon. W. H. Letcher, Hon. Frank Mitchell, Gov. Jackson 
and others attended to the county's interest in this regard. 

THE TRAGEDIES OF 1859. 

In July, 1859, the county was greatly excited over a number of trage- 
dies and crimes of diflerent degrees of enormity, that were perpetrated 
within its borders. On the 11th of the month, Jim, a negro slave, belong- 
ing to J. M. White, of near Marshall, attempted a rape upon the person 
of a respectable white lady, named Mrs. Habecot, who resided in that 
vicinity. He was arrested and conftnec in the county jail. On the 18th, 
a little girl, now an honored wife of a worthy citizen, of the county, was 
assaulted by a negro boy, the property of Dr. Wm. Price, w^hile with 
some young companions gathering blackberries, near Arrow Rock, The 
child, only twelve years of age at the time, was seized by the negro, who 
was nearly in a nude condition, and carried into the brush. Her cries 
alarmed her assailant, and brought a rescuing party to her assistance, 
before the scoundrel had effected his designs. The same afternoon the 
negro was captured, and, upon an examination, before a committee of cit- 
izens, he was hanged the same night; his owner, being satisfied of his 
guilt, delivered him up to the citizens for that purpose. 

Some time prior to this, a negro, belonging to a Mrs. Howard, of 
Arrow Rock, had assaulted Mr. W. T. Durrett, cutting him badly and 
causing him to lose the use of his arm. He had been arrested and was 
in jail. 

On the evening of May 13th, Mr. Benjamin Hinton, of Waverly, w^as 
foully murdered at his woodyard, on the Missouri, at a point between 
Lanesville and Miami. His body was found in his cabin, by his negro 
men, with his head crushed in, apparently, with an ax or bludgeon. His 
trunk was found broken open and his pockets were emptied, leaving but 
little room for doubt as to the object of the murder. Mr. Hinton was a 
son of Col. David Hinton, of Waverly, and a young man highly respected 
and well-known. 

On Sunday, after the murder of Hinton, John, a negro man, belonging 
to Mr. Giles Kiser, of this county, was at the farm of Mr. Grayson, about 
twelve miles south of the place where the murder was committed, where 
his wife belonged. He seemed to be greatly excited. He said he had 
seen a murdered man the day previous, in a cabin, at the river, and that 
the body was laid out — the hands crossed, and the feet placed together. 
He expressed great alarm, and excused himself for not letting the fact be 
known before by alleging that Salt Fork was high, and he could not cross 
it. A $10 bill was found in his possession, with marks of blood on it. 



260 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The negro told conflicting stories as to how he had obtained the money. 
Blood was discovered on his clothing. Thirty-eight dollars were found 
in his wife's cabin, hid away in a mitten known to be Mr. Hinton's. 
Fifty-two dollars in all were obtained, a part of which was in the hands of 
other negroes, to whom John was indebted. John accused another negro, 
named Dick, of the murder, but nobody believed him. He was arrested 
and confined in jail, at Marshall. Afterward he was taken to the Boone- 
ville jail for safe keeping, threats having been freely made to lynch him. 
The people, impatient at the "law's delay," could not wait for the reg- 
ular term of the circuit court for the trial of John and the other negroes, 
and petitioned Judge Russell Hicks, then circuit judge of the Sixth dis- 
trict, to grant a special term for their trial. The judge granted the peti- 
tion, and ordered the term to be held on the 19th of July. On that day 
John was tried, convicted, and was awaiting sentence, when he was taken 
from jail by an infuriated mob, and burned to death! Jim and Holman 
were also taken at the same time, and hung near where John was put to 
death, in the little ravine, about 200 yards north of the public square, in 
Marshall. The Marshall Democrat^ of July 22, contained the following 
account of the afiair : 

THE PROCEEDINGS ON TUESDAY. 

A special term of the Saline circuit court was held on Tuesday, for the 
trial of the three negroes, each for separate offenses. John, belonging to 
Giles Kiser, charged with the murder of Benjamin Hinton, on the 13th 
of May, last, was first indicted, tried, and convicted. Holman, belonging 
to Mrs. Howard, of Arrow Rock, charged with an assault upon Wm. T. 
Durrett, with intent to kill, was indicted, but had not yet been brought to 
trial; Jim, belonging to J. M. White, charged with an attempt to commit 
rape upon the person of a white woman, two weeks ago, had been 
indicted and brought into the court house for trial, but his case had not 
yet been disposed of when the court adjourned for dinner. 

John was convicted of murder in the first degree, and was remanded to 
jail to await the sentence of the court. On the way to the jail a crowd began 
to gather, but had hardly gained sufficient force to take him out of the 
hands of the sheriff, which it was evidently their intention to do. Reach- 
ing the jail the sheriff had barely time to close the outside door of the cell 
in which he had placed the prisoner when a crowd of individuals rushed 
in and demanded the culprit at the hands of the sheriff, who refused to 
comply with their request. A sledge-hammer was brought into requisi- 
tion, but before any damage was done the keys were forcibly taken from 
the jailor, and in a few moments John and Holman were in the midst of 
the crowd and borne rttvay from the jail. Jim was yet in the court house 
under guard until the court should resume its session after dinner. A 
detachment of the crowd proceeded to the court house and took Jim out 
of the hands of the guard, and they were all then taken to a grove adjoin- 
ing town, where one of them, John, was chained to a tree and burned, and 
the other two were hanged. A coroner's jury was impanneled and sat on 
the spot. A verdict was rendered that the negroes had come to their 
death at the hands of a mob. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 261 

John was about 23 years of age, a valuable slave, worth probably $1,500; 
had an intelligent and open countenance, and conversed very freely with 
all those who indicated a willingness to hear him while he was chained to 
the stake. He had confessed his guilt shortl}- after his first examination, 
stating that he had gone to Hinton's cabin on the nio-ht of the 13th of May, 
having provided himself with a bludgeon, and called him up saying he had 
a note for him from Mr. Kiser. As soon as Hinton opened the door he 
struck him the fatal blow. On Tuesday when chained to the stake he said he 
had an accomplice. We have no means of knowing whether it was the 
fear of death or the hope of punishing an enemy that brought this last con- 
fessiori. A white man, John averred, was his accomplice and shared the 
gains. He was heard through, and then the match was applied to the 
combustibles piled round him. When the flames began to hiss about him, 
and the fire to penetrate his flesh, he first seemed to realize that he was to 
expiate his crime in that dreadful manner, for all along he had fed upon the 
fond belief that an honest confession would mitigate his punishment. We 
did not hear of his having made his peace with any judge more terrible 
than "Judge Lynch." In his agony he prayed more to those around him, 
than to the One above him. He screamed and groaned and implored those 
about him for mercy, calling on those he knew by name. He lived from 
six to eight minutes from the time the flames wrung the first cry of agony 
from his lips, the inhalation of the blazing fire suftbcating him in a short 
time. His lips and arms were burnt, a portion of his head and face, and 
a part of his chest. His body remained, a charred and shapeless mass. 

Holman was about thirty years of age, we believe, and had the repu- 
tation of being a vicious negro; certainly he had much the worst counte- 
nance of the three. He belonged to a wadow lady of some property, and 
was worth probably $1,000. His offense was not so great as John's, 
solely, it is thought, because he lacked opportunity. As it was, he came 
very near taking the life of an esteemed and valued citizen, who, we 
understand, was only saved from a brutal murder by the heroism of his 
wife. Holrgan had not yet had his trial, but was taken out with John. 
He struggled but little and seemed resigned to his fate. On arriving at 
the place of execution, a rope was speedily adjusted about his neck, and 
he was swung up to the limb of a walnut tree close to the one where 
John was chained. He did not struggle, but died apparently easy. 

Jim was from 32 to 35 years of age, worth probably $1,000. He strug- 
gled hard to free himself of those who had him in charge, but was 
secured and taken to the place of execution without maaterial injury to any 
one. To our e3'e his offense was the blackest of the three, but the law does 
not recognize it as equal to either of the others; at least the punishment pro- 
vided is not so great. It was the intention of the mob at first to burn 
Jim. along with John, but he was finally swung up on the same limb with 
Holman, where he struggled for some time, dying hard. The bodies all 
hung until Wednesda}- morning, when they w^ere buried near the place 
of execution. 

TJiose instrumental in putting the negroes to death were the friends of 
Hinton from Waverly, parties from Arrow Rock, and some others from 
near Marshall. The mob was harangued and incited by J. M. Shackle- 
ford, who published a defense of the proceedings in the Democrat^ saying 



262 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

among other ihings, "I know of no reason why we should not have a 
little mob law in the state of Missouri and the county of Saline when the 
occasion imperiously and of necessity demands it. * -^ * * 
Abolitionist? and negro sympathizers have had a great deal to do in cre- 
ating a spirit of insubordination amongst our negro population. Every 
abolitionist ought to be driven out of the country; every free negro 
should be sold into slavery or go out of the state; no more emancipation 
without sending the negroes out of the state." 

The conduct of the citizens in thus taking the law into their own hands 
was widely, and, in some instances, severely commented upon. The news 
was carried to the north, and the journals of that section were not slow 
in spreading it and making all the capital possible out of it. After the 
civil war broke out, often when federal troops first visited the town of 
Marshall, they would remark to the citizens: "Ah! here is the place 
where you burn men at the stake, is it.^" Let it here be recorded, how- 
ever, that the leaders and chief instigators of this affair were not citi- 
zens of Saline county; Waverly and the region around about, where 
the relations and intimate friends of Hinton lived, furnished the leaders, 
and their aiders and abettors were chiefly the relatives and friends of 
Mrs. Habecot. 

Judge Hicks was so much chagrined, mortified, and indignant at the 
lawlessness of the people and the contempt they showed for his court, 
that he declared he would never again hold a term of court in Saline 
county. Accordingly, he tendered his resignation, which was accepted. 
He also published in the Lexington Express, of the 29th, a long letter to 
the people, of which the following are the chief portions: 

* * * While holding the Lafayette circuit court, a petition, signed 
by a large number of citizens of Saline, was presented to me, requesting 
a special term of the trial of the negro (John) as soon as convenient. *■ * 
Some days before the special term was held, a negro, named Holman, 
committed an assault upon a young man, named Durrett, inflicting a 
wound on one of his arms, which greatly endangered his life, and will, it 
is thought, make him a cripple for life. This occurred in the neighbor- 
hood of Arrow Rock. Again, a short time before the special term, a 
negro, named Jim, was charged with an attempted rape upon a white lady, 
in the vicinity of Marshall. Both of these negroes were in jail. And 
yet again, on the day preceding the special term, a negro, belonging to 
Dr. Price, at Arrow Rock, had attempted a rape upon a white girl, 
some twelve years of age. The girl was severely injured, and the 
negro, on Monday night, was hung. 

I learned the facts about the three last named negroes on my arrival in 
Alarshall on the morning of the special term. The sheriff, Mr. Smith, 
and the circuit attorney, Mr. Bryant, both came to my room and inforn^ed 
me of the foregoing facts, (except the hanging of the negro at Arrow 
Rock, which was not known, but sti^ongly suspected). I inquired if there 
was danger of popular violence, and they both promptly answered they 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 263 

thought there was. I observed to the sheriff that, in view of the above 
facts, a posse must be had. He replied, somewhat to my surprise, that he 
did not believe an efficient posse could be got. I inquired if it were not 
possible to prevent violence, at least during the term of the court. They both 
seemed to think it could. I made some inquiries of others as to the state of 
feeling of the people, in order to satisfy myself as well as I could of the 
danger to be apprehended and of the best course to be pursued in the 
approaching crisis. I might soon expect three distinct, exasperated par- 
ties in and about the court house, relations and friends of the deceased, of 
the outraged lady, and the injured young man. I felt the responsibility 
of my position in its full force. My resolution was soon taken I resolved 
to trust to the moral force the court could exercise, at least for a time, not 
in the least suspecting an outbreak until towards evening. I am satisfied 
in the end no different result could have been obtained by any other course. 

Court was opened between eight and nine o'clock in the morning and a 
grand jury empanneled. After I had spoken to the grand jury in- the usual 
way for a special term, I addressed the people in the court house (it was very 
crowded) in a mild yet firm manner, stating the rumors of expected pop- 
ular violence that had reached me; hoped there was no sufficient founda- 
tion for the rumors; that however well they could justify themselves to 
themselves for wresting the prisoners from the officers of the law and 
inflicting summary justice on them, it would not be so easy to justify 
themselves to the world, especially as the court was in session for their 
trial, and hinted that the enemies to our institutions would rejoice in and 
triumph over such a scene; that, if guilty, in a short time the prisoners 
would receive in a legal manner the punishment due to their crimes; that 
however much their feelings were irritated and exasperated (justly, too,) 
they should think and consider that if they acted in a summary manner 
at the present time, it could not be so easily justified or excused as it could 
have been when the offenses were first committed and no court convened 
for the purpose of trial. I exhorted the old and thinking men of the crowd 
to keep down popular excitement, if any should be shown, etc., etc. As I 
made these remarks I glanced rapidly around the court room, and thought 
I could see marks of approbation on the countenances of man}-, and looks 
of defiance on the countenances of but few. 

John was put upon his trial for the murder of Hinton, and counsel 
assigned him. A verdict of murder in the first degree was rendered by 
the jury. The court, as is customary in such cases, remarked to the prison- 
er's attorneys, that time would be given to prepare motions in arrest of 
judgment, or for a new trial if they desired. At this time I saw, as I 
thought, signs of impatience on the countenances of some for the expected 
sentence. The thought flashed across my mind that if the prisoner was 
publicly ordered back to jail, he would never reach there. 

Jim, for the attempted rape on the lady, was brought in. A jury was 
impanneled and sworn. The rush into the bar was such that the sherift' 
could hardly keep it clear. Dinner hour arrived. No formal adjourn- 
ment of court was made, but a recess of an hour was announced. The 
prisoners, John and Jim, were by the court ordered to remain in the court 
house in charge of the sherifi'. The sherifl' was afterwards privately told 
by the court that as soon as the crowd should have dispersed (as it was 
supposed it would), to convey John batk to the jail. I kept upon the bench 
a few minutes, observing the' movements of the people. jNlany left, but 



264: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the court house was not cleared, as is usual on such occasions, and I 
observed men advancing into the bar whose countenances clearly, as I 
thought, indicated their purpose. I came down from the bench, took a 
position near the prisoners, and inquired for the sheriff, whom at the time 
I did not see, but was informed by one of the deputies that he was not far 
off. I remarked that the prisoners were in no danger in the presence of 
the court, and requested him to go and tell Smith to come to me. Smith 
came and I told him to take John to the jail and I would go with him. 
Smith started with the negro, I close behind. Before w-e reached the gate 
of the court house yard, the pace w^as quickened to a very rapid walk. 
By the time Smith cleared the court house yard I observed, to my right, 
crowds of men getting over the fence of the court house yard, and coming 
down the street in the direction of the jail. Their purpose, at least some 
of them, w'ill be readily guessed. Smith again quickened his pace, and to 
such a degree that my unwieldy body and crippled leg could no longer 
keep up. The prisoner reached the jail and was locked up b}- Mr. 
Arnott, the jailor, a large crowd being assembled in front of the jail door. 
A gentleman named Shackleford mounted the steps at the jail door and 
harangued the crowd, inciting them to acts of violence. I requested Mr. 
Bryant, the circuit attorney, to go and address the crowd and see if he 
could not appease them. He went, but shortly returned and said that 
Mr. Shackleford, as respectable as any man in the county, was addressing 
the crowd, and that if such men as he had taken the matter in hand, it was 
all over with the prisoners. 

The crowd demanded the key of the jail, but Mr. Arnott, the jailer, 
refused to give it up, and made, for a single man, what defense he could. 
He was overpowered, the key taken from him, and the prisoners, John and 
Holman, the latter having never been before the court, were taken from the 
jail to a grove near the town, some tw^o hundred yards, more or less, from 
the public square. In the meantime a party appeared in the court house, 
where Jim was in the custody of two deputies, and forcibly wrested him 
from their custody, presenting, as one of the deputies told me, pistols, and 
threatening to shoot them if they resisted. Jim was taken to the same 
grove, and there he and Holman were hung, and John burned to death. 

So soon as the officers of the court could be again convened, an order 
in each of the cases was made requiring the sheriff to bring into court 
the prisoners, to wiiich orders he returned substantially the facts above 
stated, and was by the court excused. Court then adjourned until court 
in course. 

I have been thus minute with all I had to do, or that was done, so far 
as I know in this matter, as perhaps it w'ill appear in almost every paper 
in the union, and many out of it, and the facts attending it knowingl}-, as 
well as unknowingly, misrepresented. * * * jyjy feelings as 
a man, as well as a judicial officer, have been cruelly wounded. I have 
presided as a judge in this circuit for near three years. I was proud of 
the circuit in wiiich I presided, and well I might be. Perhaps it is the 
most populous, most wealthy, and had the greatest amount of legal busi- 
ness in it of any circuit in the state, outside of St. Louis. I was proud to 
serve such a people. * * * -p^ ^j^j-j nnyself both morally and 
physically to be unable, with the assistance of the proper officers, to pro- 
tect prisoners at the bar of the court while upon their trial; to keep them 
from being dragged from the hall of justice by violence, and hung and 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 265 

burned in sight of the court house, was a blow I was not prepared to 
receive. 

Judge Hicks was born in November, 1S09, in Worcester county, Mas- 
sachusetts. He was raised and educated in New York state. In 1S26 
he came to Saline county, and worked for a time at splitting rails and cut- 
ting cord wood. He read law with Judge Todd, at Old Franklin, and in 
1S32 went to Independence and opened a law office. He became a very 
prominent lawyer. In 1S56 he was elected judge of this circuit, on the 
whig ticket. He lived in Jackson county, near Lone Jack or Hicks City, 
when the war broke out. Being an outspoken, southern man, he was 
soon compelled to leave home. He lived in St Louis during the war. At 
the close of the war, he went to Sedalia, and for a time was a member of 
a law firm with John F. Phillips and George G. Vest, as co-partners. 
He died at Warrensburg, April 19, 1876. Judge Hicks was very justly 
regarded as one of the ablest, purest, and best men of his day. 

On the 15th of Septembei", 1859, the old soldiers of the war of 1812, 
residing in this county, and the western part of Lafayette, met at the res- 
idence of one of their number, Benoni Robion. There were present. 
Col. Wm. Boyce, Boston Poisal and Jacob Funk, from Lafayette, and 
ex-Governor M. M. Marmaduke, P. W. Thompson, James Valdenar, G. 
T. Chrisman, B. Hale, John Murphy, Benoni Robion, and others from 
this county. Col. Marmaduke presided. Resolutions were adopted 
requesting the general government to grant aid to those of the old sol- 
diers who were in distress. \ 

The capture of Harper's Ferry, by John Brown, in October, 1859, and 
other movements of the abolitionists of the north, greatly excited the 
people of the south, especially those of the border states. Public meet- 
ings, at which speeches were made, and resolutions adopted, were very 
frequent, and attended by the leading men of all parties. 

December 26, 1859, a public meeting was held in the court house at 
Marshall, pursuant to calls made by former meetings at Marshall and 
Arrow Rock. The meeting was presided over by R. E. SneUing, Esq., 
of Miami, and G. W. Allen and J. S. Davis, editors respectively of the 
Herald and Democrat, w'ere the secretaries. 

The objects of the meeting were fully explained by J. W. Bryant, and 
M. W. O'Bannon, Esq.; and Dr. M. W. Hall, Vincent Marmaduke, Dr. 
Elijah Clarkson, T. R. E. Harvey, Dr. C. E. Smith, and M. A. Gaulden 
were appointed a committee on resolutions. This committee reported 
nine resolutions, condemning in the severest terms, the Harper's Ferry 
outrages and their sympathizers, aiders and abetters; declaring that the 
Union would be prized, " only so long as the constitution, in letter and in 
spirit, is the supreme law of the land ;" that the southern states " have a 



266 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

right to demand of the northern states, that they shall pass such laws as 
will put a stop to the ceaseless war made on the southern people by their 
citizens, in abolition harangues, the circulation of incendiary papers, and 
resistence to or evasion of the fugitive slave law ;" " that the election to the 
presidenc}-, in 1860, of Wm. H. Seward, or any other member of the 
Republican party, avowing the same principles, will be a virtual dissolu- 
tion of the Union;" with other sentiments of the same spirit and purport. 

A committee of three, W. B. Sappington, Dr. LeGrand Atwood, and T. 
R. E. Harvey, were appointed to memorialize the legislature upon 
the following subjects: Pirst, Pledging" the state of Missouri to 
unite with the other southern states in such measures as may be necessary 
for the maintenance of their rights under the constitution. Second, To 
revive the militia laws. Third, To make void negro testimony received in 
the courts against the citizens of those states where negroes are permitted to 
testify against white persons. Fourth, To amend the constitution so that 
negroes convicted of rape or other high crimes should sufier death. 

Another resolution was offered by Mr. Shackleford and adopted, as fol- 
lows: "That in the event of the election of a black-republican presi- 
dent in 1860, that a convention of the southern states be called to take 
such measures as will conduce to the great interests of the south. " 

There can be no question but that there was great distrust of the people 
of the north by the slaveholding portion of the country at this time, and, 
as subsequent events showed, with good reason. The people of the south 
had great capital invested in slave propert}', and there was a large element 
in the north, constantly incre*asing, that desired to deprive them of this 
property. It was in everybody's mouth that a dissolution of the Union 
would occur some day, and many were already preparing for such an 
event in both sections of the country. 

The county election of 1859, was probably one of the most exxiting ever 
held in Saline. Party lines were drawn with exceeding bitterness and a 
rigor never known before. W. A. Wilson, who for some years had held 
the consolidated offices of circuit and county clerk, the leader of the 
Americans, or whigs, as they were afterwards called, the Bell and Everett 
party, was a candidate for re-election. The democrats determined to 
bring out a separate candidate for each office, circuit and county clerk, 
and nominated John Sheridan for circuit clerk, and Jesse Davis for 
county clerk. 

The election resulted as follows: 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 267 



FOR CIRCUIT CLERK. 

Townships. W. A. Wilson. Jesse Sheridan. 

Arrow Rock 120 198 

Jefferson . .' 160 160 

Miami 182 137 

Grand Pass 48 49 

Salt Pond 120 129 

Blackvvater 49 55 

Marshall 116 170 

Total .* 795 898 

FOR COUNTY CLERK. 
Townships. W. A. Wilson. Jesse Davis. 

Arrow Rock Ill 203 

Jefferson 152 159 

Miami 180 142 

Grand Pass ; 22 89 

Salt Pond 105 154 

Blackwater 60 43 

Marshall 110 179 

Total 740 969 

Sheridan being elected circuit clerk by a majority of 103 votes, and 
Jesse Davis county clerk by a majority of 227 votes. 



THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1860, AND ITS 

EFFECTS. 

In 1860 the population of Saline was 14,699, one-third of which — 4,876 
— were slaves. 

THE ELECTIONS OF 1860. 

The August election, in 1860, was one of the most exciting ever held 
in Missouri. Claiborne F. Jackson, then a citizen of Saline county, was 
the regularly nominated democratic candidate for governor. Against him 
the Bell and Everett party nominated Sample Orr, and the campaign soon 
became warm. The division of the democratic party at Charleston, South 
Carolina, had, of course, resulted in its division everywhere. C. F. Jack- 
son endeavored, at first, to conduct the canvass, so far as himself was 
concerned, without division, and without declaring whether he was for 
Douglas or Breckenridge. The St. Louis Republican, then, as yet, a 
power in Missouri, and a strong Douglas paper, forced Jackson to come 
out for Douglas. Immediately the Breckenridge democrats in the state 
called a convention, and nominated Hancock Jackson for governor. The 
keenest interest was felt by the citizens in the result. The following is the 



26S 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



result of the August election, 1860, for governor, lieutenant-governor, 
congress, representative and sherift^. 

Gardenhire, the republican candidate for governor, received no vote in 
Saline county. 

FOR GOVERNOR, AUGUST, 18G0 

Dem. B. and. E. Breckenridge. 

C. F. Jackson. S. Orr. Hancock Jackson. 

Arrow Rock 149 128 3 

Saline City 86 14 

Jefferson 152 150 . 2 

Miami '157 221 

Grand Pass 77 80 1 

Salt Pond 95 203 

Blackwater 69 81 3 

Marshall 148 125 10 



933 1004 

FOR LIEUT. GOVERNOR, AUGUST, 1860. 

Dem. B. and E . 

T. C. Reynolds. J.T. Fagg. 

Arrow Rock . 146 130 

Saline City 90 15 

Jefferson 154 151 

Miami 158 220 

Grand Pass 77 80 

Sah Pond 104 195 

Blackwater 69 81 

Marshall 152 124 

956 



19 



Breckinridge. 
M. M. Parsons. 
4 



950 



16 



AUGUST, 1860. 



CONGRESS. SHERIFF. 



REP. 



Arrow Rock 
Saline City. . . 
Jefferson .... 

Miami 

Grand Pass . , 
Salt Pond.. ., 
Blackwater . , 
Marshall 



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132 


115 


154 


159 


112 


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69 


26 


90 


13 


153 


150 


148 


146 


153 


152 


164 


203 


200 


167 


139 


236 


72 


81 


65 


91 


70 


85 


113 


177 


98 


191 


117 


178 


72 


83 


65 


89 


82 


80 


158 
971 


120 


151 


120 


167 


110 


961 


911 


984 


977 


966 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 269- 

As will be seen by the foregoing tables the whigs, or Bell and Everett 

party, carried the county in every case, except for representative in the 

state legislature and for member of congress. Dr. Hall took his seat at 

the beginning of the session in Jefferson City, and was one of the most 

earnest supporters of Governor Jackson's war measures, so far as he had 

any. Afterwards Dr. Hall went to Neosho, where the governor had called 

the legislature to meet him in November, 1861, and where he voted for the 

ordinance of secession, which was there passed by the legislature. 

FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT 1860, AND PROSECUTING 

ATTORNEY. 

Bell and Douglas and Breckenridge 

Everett. Johnson. and Lane. Royale. Bryant. 

Marshall 243 138 98 183 275 

Arrow Rock 146 71 80 121 133 

Saline City 13 44 40 22 50 

Jefferson 148 105 30 151 115 

Miami 210 89 64 199 110 

Salt Pond 181 69 29 127 100 

Blackwater 45 17 ' 18 36 35 

Grand Pass 49 30 7 50 27 



1035 563 366 889 845 

The presidential election in November, 1860, stirred the popular heart to 
its profoundest depths. For ten stormy years the agitation of the slavery 
question had kept the people in a state of continued excitement and tur- 
moil. All these stormy scenes, in and out of congress, culminated in the 
elections of 1860. The democratic party itself was rent in twain, and the 
southern states were divided between the Breckenridge, the Douglas and 
the Bell and Everett parties. The August election, triangular then, as in 
November, had been a test in Missouri, the passions of the people had 
been deeply aroused. 

Saline, like almost every county in the state, was agitated to the utmost. 
As will be seen by the foregoing table. Saline gave a larger vote for Bell 
and Everett than for Douglas and Breckenridge combined. In Saline not 
a vote was cast for Lincoln. The vote of the state was, however, quad- 
rangular, viz: for Bell, 58,372; for Douglas, 58,801; for Breckenridge, 
31,317; and for Lincoln, 17,028, and Douglas carried Missouri (the only 
state he did carry) by a bare plurality of 429 votes. 

The presidential election in November was followed by a great calm. 
Men were brought face to face, at last, with a disruption of the Union, 
and the very imminence and magnitude of the crisis seemed to calm and 
quiet both sides. But it was the calm before the storm — hke the calm 
which, in nature, ever precedes the bursting out of stormy strife among 
the elements. In Saline county there were very few who were really 
secessionists -per se. All now saw from the attitude of the south that war 



270 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

was imminent, and all without distinction of past party affiliations, struck 
hands to do what they could do, to bring about reconciliation, compromise 
and peace. People came together and discussed the troubled state of the 
Federal outlook. 

MASS MEETING AT MARSHALL, DECEMBER, 1860. 

December 15, 1860, a mass-meeting of the citizens was called to meet 
in the court house to consider the disturbed condition of the country; and 
to show the really union and conservative sentiment o^ the citizens of 
Saline as late as the winter of 1860-1, reference is here made to the pro- 
ceedings of that meetip'g, as given by the Marshall Democrat of even date. 
The best and ablest men of the county were present at this meeting, most 
of them now dead. Among those who took a part, still living, is Wm. 
H. Letcher of Marshall. Ex-Governor M. M. Marmaduke, was called to 
the chair, and the editors of county papers requested to act as secretaries. 
On motion of Col. Allen, a committee consisting of T. R. E. Harvey, Dr. 
Price, Col. Allen, Dr. E. S. Clarkson, 0- A. Thomson, Col. J. M. Lewis, 
and T. W. Gaines, was appointed to draft business, or resolutions for the 
meeting. After a short absence the committee returned with two reports, 
majority and minority. After a warm discussion, both reports were refer- 
red to a special committee, consisting of Col. T. P. Bell, Dr. Towles, J. W. 
Bryant, Dr. Hardeman and E. D. Graves, and the meeting adjourned 
until Monday, Dec. 17, 1860. Present and active at this meeting, was the 
governor-elect, C. F. Jackson. 

On Monday a very large mass-meeting assembled in the court house, 
and the special committee made its report, submitting the following reso- 
lutions, which, after much discussion by Messrs. Kelly, Mitchell, McDaniel, 
Letcher, Gov. Jackson, Clarkson and others, were finally adopted unani- 
mously : 

Resolved, That the relation of the citizen to his government, requiring 
that he should render obedience and aid to it, while it, at the same time, 
extends to him security and protection, and it being a feature of the gov- 
ernment under which we live, that the citizen has the government under 
his control and direction, he cannot, consistently with honor or duty, 
abandon that government until the evils become such as to justify revo- 
lution, and until a fair and honest effort to redress them by constitutional 
means shall have been tried and failed. 

2d. That we consider the constitution as the basis of the Union, and 
that the Union cannot be preserved if the constitution, and the laws made 
in accordance with the provisions thereof, be contemned, disregarded, or 
nullified. 

3d. That the unconstitutional and unfriendly action of the northern 
states in regard to the execution of the fugitive slave law, evinces a deter- 
mination on their part to interfere with rights conceded to the south by 
the constitution, and that the election of a president of these states upon a 
sectional issue is a just cause of irritation and alarm to the people of the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 271 

south, that the principles upon which a republican president has been 
elected, if acted out, will be a just cause for dissolution of the Union. 

4th. That in this emergency it becomes all good citizens, especially 
those of the south, to maintain their constitutional rights — asking what 
the constitution grants to them, and giving w^hat it concedes to others. 

5th. That the south should demand as conditions upon which frater- 
nal feelings can again be restored between the north and the south, a 
speedy repeal of all laws made to interfere with and defeat the execution 
of the fugitive slave law, the punishment of citizens who do interfere 
to prevent its execution, and non-interference by the north with slavery in 
the states, in the territories, and in the District of Columbia. 

6th. That if these just demands be not acceded to by the north — much 
as wti are attached to the Union and desire its preservation — we of the 
south will heartily unite for the maintenance of our rights, if need be, out 
of the Union. 

7th. That we recommend to the legislature of the state of Missouri, 
a revival and reorganization of the militia law^s, under such limitations and 
restrictions as to make it so efficient as to guard our rights against all hos- 
tile inroads. 

Sth. That the Federal union can only be maintained and preserved by 
securing to the people of the several states their equal and just rights. 
Any attempt, therefore, to coerce by physical force, any of the southern 
states into the Union (in the event of secession), should be condemned by 
every lover of his country. 

9th. That the legislature of Missouri be asked to take immediate action 

for the call of a state convention in Jefferson City, on date, and to 

take such steps, in concert with other states of the Confederacy, as the 
exigencies of the crisis may demand ; and we further recommend, that all the 
slave-holding states meet in convention at Nashville, Tennessee, or some 
other point, at as early a day as such convention can possibly be assem- 
bled, to consider the imperilled condition of our country, and to concert 
measures to harmonize conflicting opinions, and preserve the union, if it 
can be done ; and if such desirable end cannot be accomplished, then to 
take measures for their ow'n safety and union in a Southern Confederac}^ 

This w^as one of the largest meetings that ever assembled in the county, 
and there w^as great unanimity of sentiment among those who had lately 
been political enemies. 



THE FIRST YEAR OF THE CIVIL WAR. 

Sixteen years have elapsed since the last gun was fired in the great 
sectional war, — since the last Confederate army surrendered, and it has 
been found extremely difficult to gather, locate, and date the various inci- 
dents of the war, as they happened in Saline county, especially as con- 
nected with the southern side. At the close of the war, those w^ho had 
engaged on the southern side surrendered, and seemed to desire, and to 
endeavor to cast aw^ay from them the memories of all that had occurred 



272 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in those four lonc^ 3-ears of war, and final failure; and now, after the lapse 
of sixteen years, they have, in a great measure, forgotten man}^ incidents, 
and nearly all dates. Hence, perfect exactness and completeness have been 
found ver}' nearly impossible. 

The real province of history is to relate events as they actually trans- 
pired, to deal with the philosoph}^ of events; and it is not history when 
the historian garbles facts, or colors events with personal or party pas- 
sion. The war of the sections was, in reality, a civil war that continued 
four long and bloody years; in which all the fierce passions of human 
nature were aroused, and it is even yet too early for the historian to work 
out the true philosophy of that terrible struggle, in which blood and treas- 
ure were poured out like water, and the whole continent resounded with 
the clash of arms, and shook with the tread and shock of mighty, con- 
tending armies. 

In dealing with this great military drama, so far as Saline county was 
concerned, only naked facts and events will be given, without shade of 
coloring upon either side, as entirely as it is possible to do so. A simple 
statement of facts and a record of events is all that is required or desired 
here. 

Few actual battles were fought within the limits of Saline county. The 
tread of either great army was rarely heard within her borders. But the 
sympathies of the people of Saline were earnestly enlisted upon one or 
the other side; and the passions then engendered have not yet been fully 
calmed and subdued, and hardly will be, while this generation survives. 
There were many brave and gallant sons of Saline, tender and true, who 
wore the Gray, and many who wore the Blue, and laid down their pre- 
cious lives for home and country. Their bones whiten every battle-field 
from Lexington, Mo., to Savannah, Ga. It was a question of principle 
upon both sides, and both believed they were right. The war involved 
certain principles, among others, that had been antagonistic for four 
thousand years, and could not be promiscuously upheld among one com- 
mon people. The war was a necessity to settle and solve certain prob- 
lems that could not remain unsolved, and could be solved in no other way. 
There was no real treason upon either side. In the war was found the 
solution of many problems — the sword cut many Gordian knots, and 
swept them forever out of the way, leaving the United States an indis- 
soluble Union of indestructible States. True and knightly were these 
sons of Saline who took their lives in their hands and went out to the war, 
whether they wore the blue or the gray, and as brave as ever the six 
hundred who rode into the jaws of death at Balaklava. Whether gray 
or blue — these heroes — they died for home and country. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 273 

These, in the robings of glory, 

Those, iu the gloom of defeat; 
All, with the battle-blood gory, 
In the dusk of eternity meet 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the Judgment day ; 
Under the laurel the Blue, 
Under the willow, the Gray. 
During the last three years of the conflict, Federal troops were almost 
continually in the county, but they were generally outposts, or scouting 
parties; and on the southern side guerrillas, and at two different times only, 
can large armies be said t^ have been on her soil, and once only is there 
a record of any fight that approached the dignity of a battle. Most of the 
citizens of the county were engaged upon one side or the other, and some 
of the sons of Saline, as, for instance, Gov. Jackson and Gen. Marmaduke, 
played leading parts in the mighty drama, as it was played out, west of 
the great river. 

ELECTION OF DELEGATES TO THE STATE CONVENTION. 
In January, 1861, the legislature then sitting in Jefferson City, passed the 
act to consider the disturbed state of affairs, and fixed the 18th day of Feb- 
ruary, 1861, for the meeting of this convention in Jefferson City. At the 
election the vote in this county stood as follows: 

VOTE FOR DELEGATES TO THE CONVENTION. 

Townships. Napton. Slaughter. Thomeon. Marmaduke. Sawver. Philips. Mitchell. 

Marshall 91 81 83 205 193 186 3 

Arrow Rock 91 ^ 89 93 110 120 114 

Blackwater 20 34 36 59 59 58 

Salt Pond 19 8 18 293 336 329 

Grand Pass 59 43 63 73 72 60 

Miami 106 97 97 194 301 203 

Jertersoa 42 38 33 306 211 210 

Saline City Precinct 54 54 54 36 39 34 

Saline County 482 428 467 1175 1231 1194 3 

Lafayette County 592 599 434 1846 1947 1826 2 

Pettis County 222 201 283 819 858 846 5 

Total 1296 1228 1184 3840 4036 3866 10 

As the result of the election and the sending of such pronounced Union 
men as Jno. F. Phillips, S. L. Sawyer, and Vincent Marmaduke proved that 
as late as the 18th of February, 1861, the Union feeling in Saline was still 
stronger than ever. And thus it continued until the proclamation of 
President Lincoln, on the loth of April, 1861, calling for volunteers to sup- 
press the rebellion. 

At this time, nine out of every ten of the citizens of Saline were from 
Virginia, Kentucky, or Tennessee. They had a strong sentimental love oi 
the Union, but they were generally opposed to coercion ; and the presi- 
dent's proclamation produced a complete revulsion of feeling and senti- 
ment, leaving, for the time, hardly any Union men in the county. 
18 



274 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

PREPARATIONS FOR THE WAR. 

After a much disturbed and stormy sitting, the first session of the 
twenty-first general assembly adjourned sine die, March 28, 1861. It 
was re-convened, however, by Gov. Jackson in a proclamation dated 
April 22, "for the purpose of enacting such laws, and adopting such meas- 
ures as ma}- be deemed necessary and proper for the more perfect organ- 
ization and equipment of the militia of the state, and to raise money and 
such other means as may be required to place the state in a proper atti- 
tude of defense." 

This legislature passed various acts in conformity to the governor's 
proclamation, one of which provided for calHng out, organizing and sup- 
porting the military forces of the state, called "the Missouri State 
Guards." This bill passed within fifteen minutes after the receipt of the 
news of the Camp Jackson affair.* 

Meantime, the people of Saline had been gradually preparing for actual 
war, for to this complexion they knew the troubles and excitement 
then engaging the public mind would come at last. Many of them 
deplored this; many sought to avert it; a few affected to disbelieve it, some 
desired it and even courted it, and all, or very nearly all, at heart felt that 
war would come. Everybod}- talked of the prospects, and of but Httle 
else. Those who wanted the state to secede, and cast her fortunes with the 
Southern Confederacy, were largely in the minority at first, but they were 
vastly more aggressive and in earnest than ihe " submissionists," and this 
fact, together with the startling events which followed the refusal of the 
Federal government to evacuate Ft. Sumter, strengthened and increased 
their numbers every day. 

The governor of the state was a citizen of the county, and to him the 
people looked as a safe counselor. He was known by his intimate personal 
friends to be a secessionist, but his position and his desire to act for the best 
interests of his state and its people, made him more cautious and reluctant 
to openly express his sentiments. He was the author of many resolutions 
passed by meetings of the citizens of various counties, all expressing the 
strongest sympathy and looking to ultimate connection with the Southern 
Confederacy. Upon these resolutions he expected to ^ base his future 
action. The people of Saline county, the old neighbors and friends of Gov. 
Jackson, had full confidence in him, and obeyed his orders cheerfully and 
with alacrity. Companies were made ready for organization, and to take 
the field whenever he should call for them. The first company raised 
was named in his honor and commanded by his nephew, who had resigned 
his place in the Federal army, and offered his sword to his native state. 

Thereafter there was no more middle ground, and men were divided 

*Sweitzler. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 275 

by sharply defined lines into southern and northern sympathizers, or those 
who wished Missouri to go with the Confederate states, and those who 
desired the state to remain in the United States, of which the former were 
very largely in the ascendency in the county. 

THE MAY MEETING AT MARSHALL. 

Irritated by President Lincoln's call for troops, and carried away by the 
fierce wave of excitement which swept over the state and almost frenzied 
the people, caused by the capture of Camp Jackson and the killing of 
many innocent citizens, men, women and children, on the 10th of May, 
1S61, in St. Louis, the people of Saline county assembled in the court 
house in iVlarshall, to express their sentiments, and to determine what to 
do. Under the angry excitement caused by the events of the tenth of 
May in St. Louis, this meeting included some men who, afterwards, in 
cooler moments, became the most earnest of Union soldiers, but who 
seemed now ready to aid in carrying the state into the arms of the South- 
ern Confederacy. The people gathered into Marshall by hundreds, and 
the excitement was intense. The meeting organized in the court house 
by electing Judge McDaniel president, and W. A. Wilson, vice-president. 
A series of resolutions were ofiered by Col. W. A. Wilson and unani- 
mously adopted, strongly reprobating the course of Gen. Lyon in St. 
Louis, the president's call for troops, and calling on the convention then 
sitting to resist coercion and, if need be, for the immediate passage of 
some act that would vindicate the majesty of the state. 

At this meeting a finance committee was appointed for the raising and 
disbursement of money for military purposes, which committee, as finally 
fixed, consisted of Dr. C. E. Smith, H. S. Mills and T. W. B. Crews, Esq. 
Col. Wilson, F. M. Fulkerson, with one or two other prominent men, 
guaranteed the sum of $5,000 for arming Saline soldiers; but as events 
shaped themselves these gentlemen soon withdrew their names from the 
guaranty. 

FIRST ORGANIZATION OF MILITARY COMPANIES. 

On the same day of this meeting. May 13, the organization of the 
"Saline Jackson Guards" was completed at Marshall, and there was a 
parade of the company and an election of officers. John S. Marmaduke, 
formerly of the Federal army, was chosen captain ; L. J. Gaines first lieu- 
tenant; Jas. H. Eakin second lieutenant, and P. D. Craddock third lieu- 
tenant. The company numbered 110 men, who were mostly from all parts 
of the county. This company was organized, pursuant to orders of Gov. 
Jackson, for state service, and was ordered to Jefferson Cit}- for purposes 
of drill and other work. It was mustered in the preceding day by Col, 
Clark, the district inspector. 

The ladies of Marshall presented, through Miss Sue Isaacs, a large and 



276 . HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

beautiful flag to this company, on the day previous to its departure for 
Jefferson City (Wednesday, May 15). This flag was designed by and con- 
structed under the direction of Mrs. John S. Davis, wife of the editor of 
the Democrat. Its design was the state coat of arms, in blue, on a white 
field, bound with blue, and finished with blue cord and tassels. It floated 
over the headquarters of the state troops during their stay at Jefferson 
City, and the design was afterward adopted by the authorities as the state 
flag of Missouri. The names of the ladies who made the flag were 
embroidered in the corners. 

Miss Isaacs, on presenting the flag to Capt. Marmaduke, said: 

Gentlemen of the Saline yackson Guards : I have the honor of pre- 
senting you, in behalf of the ladies of Marshall, with this banner, the 
emblem of your state, hoping you will receive it as a slight token of the 
high regard which is entertained by them toward you, for the valor and 
patriotism you have displayed in the ready willingness to ^o where your 
country calls; and while we feel confident that its honor will ever by you 
be gallantly protected and sustained, we hope that it may be to you in the 
hour of trial and of battle, an evidence of the interest that will ever be 
manifested by the ladies of 3-our county in rhe glorious cause you have so 
nobly espoused, and which we hope, by the assistance of a Divine Provi- 
dence (which we invoke), you may be ever as able, as we know you are 
willing, to maintain. 

Captain Marmaduke gracefully received the flag, and made an appro- 
priate acceptance speech, in true soldier style. Turning to the volunteers, 
he asked them if they were willing to stand by it, and the loud response 
was, " We will ! we will!" The Captain then dehvered it over to its 
bearer. Sergeant R. Gaines, who made a very pretty speech, in which, 
among many other things, he said: " We are called to repel the invasion 
of our territory and of our liberties as a state, and until that be efiected 
this banner shall float over our contending hosts. It is for you that we 
fight. The weakness of woman is no defense against the violence of 
fanaticism. It is to avenge the slaughter of women and children that we 
take our arms, and our grasps shall not be relaxed, nor our energy abated 
until the barbarian emissaries of a ruthless tyrant shall be driven beyond 
our borders. I am proud that to my keeping is committed this banner, 
and, though it may be shattered and torn in the conflict, you have my 
pledge that it shall never trail in disgrace; but, as the combat deepens, we 
will rally in very desperation of energy and proudly bear it aloft in the 
hour of victory, or compose it about us in the hour of death . It shall 
ever be found above us or around us!" 

The next day the company went in wagons to Sedalia, and from thence 
to Jefferson City over the Pacific railroad. Upon its arrival at the cap- 
ital, Capt. Marmaduke was made colonel, and Lieut. Gaines became cap- 
tain of the company. It was well armed and drilled, and attracted the 
admiration of all who saw it. It and three other companies from this 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 277 

county were present at the first fight at Booneville. June 17, famous as 
the first fight of an}' consequence after Ft. Sumter, between Federal and 
Secession troops — and also famous for the fast time made by some of the 
state troops (a few of the Saline boj-s included) in retreating. Indeed, 
this fight is yet often called from this circumstance, not the Booneville 
fight, but the " Booneville races." 

At the time of the departure of the Jackson Guards for Jefferson City, 
there were other companies either w^holly or partially org;mized, awaiting 
marching orders. Some of these were cavalry companies; one was com- 
manded by Capt. Wm. B. Brown, and was raised in the eastern and north- 
eastern portion of the county. Another was called the "Saline Mounted 
Rifles," and was formed chiefly of men from Miami township. T. W. B. 
Crews was captain, and John C. Barclay, Frank S. Robertson, and O. T. 
Sims were respectively first, second and third lieutenants. Another was 
raised near Fairville (then called Fairview), and was commanded by Cap- 
tain Edward J. Brown. J. H. Irvine, R. T. Hutchinson, and John H. 
McDaniel were the lieutenants. 

To Capt. Wm. B. Brown's company was presented a beautiful flag the 
next day after the presentation to the Jackson Guards. Miss Ethel Lewis 
made the presentation speech on the occasion, a very beautiful eflbrt. 
Capt. Brow^n, Sergeant Robinson, and Mr. Tompkins responded. The 
design of this flag was fifteen stars on a blue field in a comer, the remain- 
der of the banner being white. The ceremonies took place in front of the 
court house at Marshall. 

C. M. Sutherlin, Joseph Elliot, and Richard Durrett were the fieuten- 
ants of this company-, which, it is claimed, was the first cavalry company 
organized in Saline county. 

Capt. Crews himself states that his company was neatly uniformed in 
gray, and was the first and onl}- uniformed company of Confederates to 
leave the county. 

THE UNION MEN OF SALINE. 

Meantime, what were the Union men of Saline count}' — those who 
sympathized with "the North," as the Federal government was called — 
what were they doing? Nothing. Only waiting, watching and hoping. 
A few only wished to fight against their old neighbors and friends. The 
rest were waiting to see what time would tell, watching the movements of 
the Secessionists, and hoping for the best. Some of them, living in the 
northern part of the county, crossed the river later in the season, and 
making their way into northern Missouri, joined the Union organizations, 
known as Home Guards. Others went to Georgetown and joined a 
company making up in Pettis count}', and possibly a few went to Boon- 
ville and joined Eppstein's battalion, of German Unionists. 



278 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Not until the spring of 1862 was there a full company of Federals 
organized in the county, Capt. Benj. H. Wilson's company F, 7th cavalry^ 
Missouri state militia, being the first organized at Marshall. 

" CAMP MARSHALL." 

In July, 1861, a camp of state troops was organized at Robion Springs, 
a short distance east of Marshall. Here were gathered at one time about 
3,000 troops. The camp was under the command of Col. Ed. Price, son 
of General Sterling Price; and Col. Congreve Jackson, who hadbe^i 
Lieut. Colonel of Doniphan's regiment, on the famous expedition to Mex- 
ico. Re-enforcements from all parts of the state poured into this camp 
daih^ — by squads, by companies, by battalions. From north Missouri, 
especially, there came quite a number of volunteers, who, for the most 
part, crossed the river near Brunswick.* 

" Camp Marshall," as it was called, was well arranged and quite well 
equipped with tents and other accommodations for its occupants. Pro- 
visions and blankets had, for the most part, been furnished by the soldiers 
themselves, but what was lacking in this particular, was provided by the 
people of the county, large numbers of whom visited the camp from time 
to time. The men were mostly mounted, and required not only food for 
themselves, but forage for their horses. 

The camp was under a very rigorous discipline. The organizations 
were mostly temporary and imperfect, and the men were without any 
previous military experience. No camp guard was established and the 
volunteers went where and when they pleased. On one occasion, a squad 
of men refused to go on a scout down towards Booneville, because it 
" looked like rain! " Privates fought at fisticufl' with their officers, when- 
ever the latter undertook to enforce obnoxious rules or orders, or 
attempted to " put on airs." 

At Camp Marshall the news of the battle at Wilson creek and the 
victory won by Price and McCullough greatly elated the volunteers, who 
though armed with only such weapons as they could easily obtain, were 
now more than ever "eager for the fray," and impatient at the delays 
which kept them in camp away from the enemy. But the bad news was 
mingled w ith the good. Col. Geo. W. Allen, a Saline county man, and an 
aid of Gen. Price, had been killed on the field while bearing an order from 
his general. 

At last the "army " broke up camp and marched away to join Gen. 
Price's army, which was reached, after an easy march, at Nevada, on 
September 2d. Thereafter the history of the men who were at Camp 
Marshall becomes the province of the historian w^ho writes of the civil war 
in general. 

*Bevier"s ^''irijl and Second Missouri Brigades, p. 302. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 279 

FIRST BATTLE OF BOONEVILLE. 

This battle (if battle it could fairly be called) was not only the first in 
which citizens of Saline county were actively engaged, but was also the 
very first engagement on land between Federal and state troops — the 
actual beginning of that long and bloody war. 

In the spring of 1861, Lieut. John S. Marmaduke of Saline, resigned 
his commission, and proceeded to raise a company in his native county. 
Under Gov. Jackson's call for 50,000 state troops on the 13th of June, 1861, 
this company was immediately received and mustered in. Soon after 
reaching headquarters, Capt. Marmaduke was elected colonel of a regi- 
ment composed of his own and other companies. At this time, when the 
Federal forces under Gen. Lyon were known to be approaching. Gen. 
Price was sick in bed at his home in Chariton county, the brigadier gen- 
erals were all in different parts of the state, organizing their commands 
under the call of the governor, and the state troops at Booneville were 
commanded by Col. Marmaduke (under Gov. Jackson). They did not 
number, all told, over eighteen hundred men; and hardly one-third 
(not over six hundred), of these had any arms at all, and these were mostly 
armed with shot-guns and no artillery. In the council of war at Booneville 
both Gov. Jackson and Col. Marmaduke were strongly opposed to giving 
battle at all, to the well appointed and well disciplined army of from 1,500 
to 2,000 men, moving against them under Gen. Lyon. But the raw 
volunteers, though without discipline, and almost without arms, were full 
of enthusiasm and fight, and would hear to no counsels of prudence. Col. 
Marmaduke did all in his power, by arguments that were absolutely 
unanswerable, to prevent a battle, and to carry his advice, of immediately 
removing the governor and the troops under his command, to a fixed point 
in the southwest part of the state, as headquarters and rendezvous. But 
Gov. Jackson, though convinced that he was right, was overpowered by 
the zeal and enthusiasm of the raw captains and men, and issued peremp- 
tory orders to Col. Marmaduke to meet Gen. Lyon and deliver battle. 

Marmaduke marched his six hundred half armed troops down six miles 
below Booneville, and strongly posted them on the bluffs, just where the 
state road rises from the river bottom and ascends to the bluffs. Here 
they were encountered by Gen. Lyon with an admirably appointed little 
army, consisting of regulars, and German volunteer regiments, and a full 
battery of artillery. The state troops received the first onset of the Fed- 
erals with a courage and steadiness that proved their metal, and redeemed 
somewhat the rashness of their former counsels, and none more so than 
the Saline men, led by Capt. Brown, who had been foremost in the unwise 
counsels of the previous day. The e5i:plosion of nine pound shells from 
the battery of the enemy was soon, however, too much for them, and they 



280 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

fell back into a wheat field on the crest of the bluffs. Here, for half an 
hour, they stood so steadily and received the Federals with a fire so stall- 
ing and well sustained, that, what before was a mere skirmish actually 
assumed the appearance of a battle. But the odds were too great, and 
the battle was speedily over. 

Finding, as he expected, that the Federals were too numerous, too well 
armed, and too well drilled to be successfully resisted by raw recruits. Col. 
Marmaduke gave the order to retreat. The state troops had now^ become 
fully satisfied that Marmaduke was right in his previous counsels, and the 
order to retreat was obeyed with a lively vim that has caused this battle 
to be often designated by the Missoiirians themselves, "the Boonville 
races." It is said that it only took some of the Saline men, who made 
Marshall their objective point, three hours to reach it, though forty-two 
miles from the scene of action. The number of killed and wounded was, 
of course, greatly exaggerated on both sides, at the time. Two men 
were killed on the Federal side, and nine wounded, none seriously — three 
also were killed on the side of the state troops and the number of wounded 
never reported. The Federal forces under Gen. Lyon marched on to 
Booneville and took quiet possession, the state troops, those of them who had 
not dispersed for their homes under the impetus of the " races " retired to 
Syracuse, where they met Gen. Parsons with several pieces of artil- 
lery, from whence they retreated to the southwest. 

Quite a number of the Saline county men who participated in this fight 
received a great deal of chaffing and teasing on their hasty retreat, as they 
deserved, but the most, if not all, of them afterward redeemed themselves, 
on other fields and amid other scenes. 

THE "KELLY POWDER." 

■ In the summer and early fall of 1861, a circumstance occurred which 
was of some importance to Gov. Jackson's troops, and interested many of 
the citizens of Saline county. 

Before the battle of Booneville, and just previous to the abandonment of 
Jefferson City by Gov. Jackson with the state troops and government, 
12,000 kegs of gunpowder were sent off' from the capital to Booneville 
by boat, and from there scattered in wagons through the counties of 
Cooper, Saline, etc., and there secreted b}' a detachment under Capt. 
Kelly of the State Guards. This powder belonged to the state, and about 
one-half of it was secreted on different farms in Saline, where it remained 
concealed until it was gradually collected by the Missouri soldiers, nearl}^ 
all of it passing finall}- into the service of the Confederacy. It was con- 
cealed on the farms in every imaginable way, and in curious and unique 
places, for it was necessary to Ijaffie not only the search of Federal sol- 
diers, but also the keen and indefatigable curiosity- of the negro slaves, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 281 

then on every farm, and who were continually on the watch, and prompt 
to report every suspicious movement of their masters. The hiding had 
to be accomplished in the "wee sma' hours," when even the negroes were 
generally asleep. As an instance — ex-Senator Parsons, of Miami, suc- 
cessfully concealed about thirty kegs, of this powder in his hog-pen, in a 
coiTier of it where he had prepared a sort of bed for the hogs, and under 
this hog-bed of straw and fodder the thirty kegs of powder were buried. 
It would be impossible to give the names of all those who received and 
concealed this powder, and it w'ould require volumes to describe the dif- 
ferent methods by which they all effected its concealment. In a few^ rare 
cases it was discovered by the negroes and reported, but these cases were 
very few. 

At the battle of Lexington much of this powder was used in compell- 
ing the surrender of the gallant Col. Mulligan and his men. Indeed, it 
proved very serviceable and "handy to have around" on manv occasions. 
THE FIRST FEDERAL TROOPS IN THE COUNTY. 

Shortly after the battle of Lexington, and the retreat of Gen. Price 
to the southwest, the Second Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, sometimes 
called Merrill's Horse, from the colonel, Lewis Merrill, made its appear- 
ance in Saline, being the first Federal troops to invade the county. The 
regiment crossed the Blackwater at the Napton bridge, passed around by 
Arrow Rock, across the northern part of the county, to Wav-erly; from 
thence to Marshall, and back to Sedalia, from which point it had started 
on its scout, or raid. At Marshall the regiment stopped a few^ hours, 
slaughtered a beef for dinner, and made the acquaintance of a number of 
the citizens. There was no disorder or lawlessness on the part of the 
soldiers. Col. Merrill had been an officer in the regular army, and was a 
strict disciplinarian, who kept his men under complete control. 

The appearance of Col. Merrill's men in the county w^as regarded with 
much interest by the citizens, many of whom beheld Federal soldiers for 
the first time. They were well armed, mounted, and clothed, and in 
these particulars made a much better appearance than had the southern 
troops that had been in the county, although they were not capable of 
doing any braver fighting. 

CAPTURE OF ROBINSON'S REGIMENT. 
About the middle of December, 1861, a regiment of southerners, nearly 
all of whom were citizens of Saline count}^ and destined for Gen. Price's 
army, rendezvoused at the Grand Pass church, and there elected their 
officers, and effected a temporary organization. Col. Frank Robinson 
was elected colonel, and Col. Alexander, lieutenant-colonel. The regi- 
ment was about 6i)i) strong. Captains Ruxton and Garrett were among 
the number of Saline county men elected captains on that occasion. On 



282 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the 16th of December, 1861, this regiment commenced its march south, and 
on that same night reached Blackwater creek, in Johnson county, and 
encamped in a horse-shoe bend of the creek. Worn out with their long 
day's march of near 40 miles, the whole regiment slept, sentinels, pickets, 
and all, and two prisoners whom they had captured, escaped, and, it is 
supposed, carried the news of their whereabouts to Gen. Jefl'. C. Davis, 
who, with two or three thousand Federal troops, was cruising about to 
intercept just-such gatherings of men as this. 

At any rate, early the next morning the regiment found themselves sur- 
rounded in the bend of the creek by a portion of Gen. Davis' command* 
The Federals had approached very close before they were observed. The 
regiment was immediately drawn up in line, and delivered one tire, which 
the Federals returned, killing one man, and then retired about 400 yards. 
Gen. Davis then sent, under a white flag, a communication stating his 
force and position and demanding an unconditional surrender. ' Compar- 
atively unarmed, and wholly undisciplined as the}^ were, to fight with any 
hope of success, was out of the question, and the whole regiment surren- 
dered — except a few, who by scattering, each man for himself, escaped 
and returned home, and fewer still, who in the same manner, succeeded in 
reaching Col. Clarkson's command, sent up by Gen. Price to convey 
through a body of men who had crossed the river at Lexington. Many of 
the very best and most substantial citizens of Saline county were in this 
Blackwater capture. The prisoners, in all nearly 600, were marched to 
Sedalia, and there put upon a train and sent to St. Louis, where they were 
incarcerated in the old iMcDowell college. Here, and afterwards at Alton, 
Illinois, they were held until they all gradually took the prescribed oath 
and were released, except about lOu of them, who were regularly 
exchanged in the summer or fall of 1862, and entered the Confederate 
army. 

Upon the authority of a certain Federal officer who was engaged in the 
capture of Robinson's command, it may be stated that the Federals had 
information of the raising of the regiment and its designs long before it 
left Saline county. 

OTHER EVENTS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR. 

The summer of 1861 wore on apace, and the pall of war hung heavier 
and heavier over Saline, as well as over the whole country. In June, 1861, 
the Saline County Herald., edited by Col. Allen, and the Democrat., 
edited by John S. Davis — the Herald the earnest advocate of Bell and 
Everett, and the Democrat either of Douglas or Breckenridge — were con- 
solidated into the Marshall Democrat., and finally suspended July 31, 1861, 
and no further effort was made to establish a newspaper in Saline county 
during the war, or until the Progress was established in Marshall, in 
1866. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 283 

About the first of July the mails stopped in Marshall, and were sus- 
pended until the county was reorganized under the Gamble provisional 
government in the spring of 1862. Money became exceedingly scarce, 
necessaries were very difficult to obtain, and the merchants were compelled 
to adopt the cash system. Sugar and coffee soon became an unknown 
quantity, and many shifts were made to supply their places. 

When Governor Gamble, then provisional governor of the state, issued 
his call for 42,000 state militia, to defend Missouri against the public 
enemy, /. c. the Confederate states, very few individuals, even, had, up 
to this time, enlisted or volunteered in the Federal army. Under the 
stimulus of Gov. Gamble's call, however. Union men volunteered, and 
several different companies were organized in the county, besides the 
individuals who joined other military organizations. At the battle of 
Lexington, September 12, 1861, in which, after an obstinate defense of 
eight days, Col. Mulligan, finally surrendered, many citizens left their 
homes in Saline, and repaired to Lexington, to witness the siege or battle. 
Both Unionists and Secessionists were there as mere spectators, and some 
of the latter were there, with their squirrel rifles and shot-guns, to aid, on 
their " own hook," without joining the army. 

In the latter part of November, Gen. Price issued his second call, a 
most earnest and eloquent one, for 50,000 men. Stimulated by it, large 
numbers of citizens prepared to join his standard. 

On the 13th of September, 1861, Colonel William Brown of SaHne, at 
the head of a raw, undisciplined and half-armed regiment, recruited from 
Saline and neighboring counties, numbering about 600 men, instead of 
proceeding immediately to the southern arm}^ determined to attack the 
troops (home guards), stationed at Booneville, and thus was fought the 
SECOND BATTLE OF BOONEVILLE. 

Col. Brown, a native of Kentucky, was not only one of the bravest, but 
also one of the rashest of men. The Federals were strongly intrenched 
in the Booneville fair grounds, and their positionjwas absolutely impregna- 
ble without artillery. Col. Brown was earnestlyadvised before and after he 
reached Booneville, to abandon the enterprise. But the same headstrong 
rashness that characterized him at the first battle of Booneville, pos- 
sessed him here, and led him on to his death. 

The fortifications were attacked simultaneously and impetuously at 
three points. On the southeast. Col. Brown led the attack in person, and 
made two determined charges up to the breastworks, but each time was 
compelled to fall back. In the second charge Col. Brown fell mortally 
wounded within a few feet of the breastworks, and his brother, Capt. 
Mason Brown, in command of a Saline county company, fell dead close 
by him. The same result attended the attacks at both the other points; 
and, after the death of Col. Brown, the command devolving on Maj. 



284 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Poindexter, a cessation of hostilities ensued. Under a flag of truce, an 
arransi-ement was entered into bv the two commanders for an armistice of 
six days, dnring which Maj. Poindexter withdrew his forces from the 
city, returned to Glasgow, and from thence marched to Price's army, then 
on the way to the southwest. 

In August, 1861, the convention, having declared the offices of gov- 
ernor, lieutenant-governor and secretary of state vacant, and appointed 
H. R. Gamble, of St. Louis, provisional governor; W. P. Hall, of 
Buchanan, lieutenant-governor, and Mordecai Oliver, of Greene, secre- 
tary of state, proceeded to vacate the ofiices of all the other state and 
countv officials who should fail to take the prescribed oath of allegiance, 
and file the same. The county court of Saline consisted of Robt. Dysart, 
presiding judge; Joseph Field and E. P. Garnett, judges, and Jesse Davis, 
clerk, and D. W. Marmaduke, sheriff'. The last court under the old 
regime met December 3d, 1861. The court met with Dysart and Field 
present, Davis, clerk, and J. H. McAllister, sheriff', and adjourned to meet 
on the first Monday of February, 1862. But before that time their offices 
were declared vacant, and the February session never took place. The 
governor (by the grace of the convention), had appointed three other 
county judges, and had called the court to meet April 21, 1862. On that 
day the court did meet, and the record begins with the following entries: 

Saline County Court, ) 
Special Term, April 21, 1862. \ 

Robert Dysart, Joseph Field, and E. P. Garnett, late justices of the 
county court for Saline county, having failed to take the oath of allegi- 
ance to the government of the United States, and the provisional govern- 
ment of the state of Missouri, as prescribed by an ordinance of the state 
convention of the state of Missouri, their offices, as such, were in conse- 
quence thereof, vacated, in accordance with the provisions of said ordi- 
nance. Whereupon Lieut. -Governor Hall, acting governor, appointed 
Wm. O. Maupin, Fred M. Fulkerson, and Ed. W.Sims, to fill said vacan- 
cies; who, having been commissioned and qualified according to law, 
and having given the requisite notice, as required by law, called a special 
term of the Saline county court to meet in Marshall, on the 2 1 st of April, 
A. D. 1862. 

The county court, having met on said day, in pursuance of said call, at 
which were present Wm. O. Maupin, F. M. Fulkerson, Edward Sims, 
judges, and Paschal E. Maupin, coroner, proceeded to the transaction of 
business. 

The judges then proceeded to draw lots for the terms, which resulted 
as follows: E. W. Sims drew the term ending August, 1862; Wm. O. 
Maupin, the term ending August, 1864, and F. M. Fulkerson, the term 
ending August, 1866. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 285 

// is ordered, By rhe court that all attorneys at law be, and they are 
hereby required to take and file the oath of alle<j^iance, as prescribed by 
ordinance of state convention, before they be permitted to practice in this 
court. 

An election for presiding justice of the court was then held, whereupon 
F. M. Fulkerson was chosen president. 

It is ordered, That James R. Berryman be, and he is hereby appointed 
clerk of the Saline county court, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the fail- 
ure of Jesse Davis, late clerk, to take and file the oath of allegiance, as 
required by an ordinance of the state convention. 



SALINE COUNTY IN THE SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR. 

In the winter of the years 1861-2 there were no mihtary movements in 
Saline county of very great importance or interest. There were no Fed- 
eral troops stationed in the county for any length of time, and the Confed- 
erate troops were far away. Agents of the latter visited the county, how- 
ever, on recruiting service and were fairly successful. Squads of men for 
the southern army were organized in nearly every part of the county and 
made their way to " Old Pap Price " through the blockade established 
by the Federals. 

CAPTURE OF JO. INGLEHART AND HIS COMPANY. 

In the winter of 1861-2, in January and February, Captain Jo. Inglehart 
was busy raising a company in Marshall, which, b}^ the last of February 
was about ready to march for the southern army. About this time the 
stage from Booneville carrying the U. S. eastern mail, was halted by dis- 
guised men in the woods near Marshall. The mail bags were taken from 
it, taken out into the woods oft' the road and gutted. Instead of leaving 
for the southern army immediately, Capt. Inglehart with his company 
still loitered in Marshall, until one fine day early in March, 1862, they sud- 
denly found themselves and the town of Marshall in the hands of Captain 
Kiser from Booneville with a battalion of U. S. troops. Not a gun was 
fired. Inglehart was taken to St. Louis and tried for robbing the U. S, 
mail, but as no direct evidence could be found against him, he was finally 
acquitted, and exchanged. Afterwards he served in Shelby's Missouri 
brigade. 

CAPTURE AND RESCUE OF CAPT. RISER'S MEN. 

In the early spring of 1862, company A, of Eppstein battalion of 
"home guards," at Booneville, came up into Saline county on a scouting 
expedition. The company was commanded by Capt. John B. Kiser or 
Kaiser (pronounced Kizer), and numbered about sixty men, very nearly 
all of whom were Germans. Making Marshall their headquarters and 
general place of rendezvous, the company was divided up into squads and 



2S6 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

sent throughout the county to reconnoiter, etc. While one of these squads, 
numbering about a dozen men, was marching along north of Salt Fork 
and between Miami and Marshall, they were suddenly surrounded and 
captured, without the firing of a gun, b}' a large company of newly 
recruited Confederates, from north Missouri, under a Captain Small, 
making their way to Price's army. 

The Germans were kept as prisoners for a few days on Cow creek, 
and were confined for a time in the Rock Church, in Marshall township. 
They were guarded for a while by volunteers from the neighborhood. 
At last their comrades procured re-enforcements from Marshall and 
Booneville, and making an incursion into the neighborhood where they 
were held, re-captured them, at the church, without difficulty, and 
returned in triumph with them to Marshall. The church was set on fire 
and destroyed. Upon meeting with each other, the two detachments — 
the prisoners and their rescuers — set up a joyful jabber in German, 
which was kept up until long after their arrival in Marshall. 

One of the volunteers, who guarded the Germans at the Rock Church, 
was a young man who had returned a few months before from service in 
Price's arm}', his term having expired. He therefore was performing mili- 
tary duty while not in the military service, a very serious violation of the 
laws of war. A few weeks thereafter, he decided to leave the county for 
his own good, and boarded a steamer at Arrow Rock, bound down the 
river. When he sat down at dinner, lo! there confronting him at the 
table, was one of those same Germans! Luckily, the Teuton did not 
remember faces well, but the patriotic Confederate saw him leave the 
boat at Booneville, with great relief. Upon that voyage, as upon all oth- 
ers down the stream of life, he was luckily able to steer his Boat right, and 
he is now a prosperous real estate dealer in Marshall. 

FIRST FEDERAL TRUOPS STATIONED IN THE COUNTY. 
The first U. S. troops regularly stationed in Marshall came in the 
spring (April), 1S62, consisting of Captain Wakefield's Irish company 
(Co. D.), of the Seventh regiment, Missouri infantry volunteers, Col. John 
D. Stevenson. From this time on, Marshall was almost continuously a 
post occupied by U. S. troops. Capt. Wakefield's company remained 
only a short time, and was succeeded, in May or June, 1862, by a battalion 
of the Seventh regiment, Missouri cavalry volunteers, under Maj. McKee. 
Under the general order of Gen. Fremont, declaring martial law, Maj. 
McKee established the post, and appointed Capt. Love, compan}' L, 
same regiment, provost marshal of Saline county. Maj. McKee remained 
in command only two or three months, and ,was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. 
W. A. Wilson, of Marshall, then of the 71st enrolled Missouri militia. A 
large force of Confederates had organized, under Colonels Cockrell, 
Jackman, Coffey, and others, and were in Jackson and Johnson counties, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 287 

threatening Kansas City and Lexington. Col. Huston, then in command 
at Lexington, called in all of the militia in Lafayette and Saline counties 
to defend his post. A " big fight " was expected. It came ofi", but at 
Lone Jack, in Jackson county, instead of at Lexington. 

Upon the receipt of his orders from Gen. Totten, Maj. McKee issued 
the following order to Lieut. A. Burnsides, of the Seventy-first enrolled 
Missouri militia: 

MAJ. McKEE'S ORDER. 

Headquarters Detach. 7th Cav., Mo. Vol. ) 
Marshall, Missouri, Aug. 9, 1862. \ 

Lieut emint : Orders have just been received from Gen. Totten, by tele- 
graph, directing that the companies of the 7th Cav., now at Marshall, and all 
loyal militia of Saline county be ordered, forthwith, to march to Lexington. 
You will, as soon as possible, on receipt of this communication, march, 
with your entire command, including the militia, to this post. You will, 
before leaving, publish an order, directing all the loyal citizens between 
the prescribed ages, in Saline county, to repair forthwith to Lexington, 
and state therein, that all who do not come will be held as traitors, and 
hereafter can claim no protection from the Federal government. You 
will subsist and forage the mihtia upon rebels of all shades. When it is 
absolutely necessary to take from Union men, give them receipts in the 
name of the state of Missouri. Arms and ammunition will be furnished at 
Lexington to those who have not got them. 

The above is an order of Col. Daniel Huston, received by me this day. 
Bring all the arms and ammunition 3-ou can raise; also for every man that 
has a horse, to bring him. You must provide 3'ourselves with the neces- 
sary cooking utensils and blankets. Let every man bring with him two 
or three days provisions, and report yourselves at this post immediately. 
I shall move from this post Tuesday at 12 o'clock. 

Daniel McKee, Major, Cont'd V Post. 
To Lieut. Bitrnsides : 

I certify that the above is a true and exact copy of the order calling 
this company into active service. 

A. Burnsides, Co. F, yi Reg. E. M. M. 

Col. Wilson was in command of the post at Marshall until June, 1863, 
when he was succeeded by Major Geo. W. Kelly, of the 4th cavalry, Mis- 
souri state militia, who continued in command for some months. 

On the 8d Monday of August, 1862, the proceedings of the county 
court contains the following entry: 

In consequence of apprehended trouble from guerrilla bands at this time 
infesting the country, no court was held according to adjournment. The 
court thereupon gave legal notice that a special term of said court would 
be held at the court house in Marshall on the 15th day of September, 1862. 

J. R. Berryman, Clerk. 



288 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

FIRST FEDERAL TROOPS RAISED IN THE COUNTY. 

In the early spring of 1862 quite a number of the Union men of Saline 
county enlisted in the Federal service in the various companies then being- 
formed in the county. Many men who had been secessionists at the 
breaking out of the troubles now became ardent loyalists, ready to justify 
their pretensions and seal their faith with their blood! The imposing dis- 
play made by the Federal troops that had passed through the county, 
their superior equipment to the half-armed, half-clad Confederates; the 
magnitude of the preparation then being made by the authorities at Wash- 
ington "for the suppression of the rebellion;" the continual demonstration 
of the immense resources of the north, and the probable failure ultimately 
of the Southern Confederacy, and the certainty of good pay in money of 
nearly par value — these considerations may have moved some to abandon 
the stars and bars and rally around the "old flag." And yet, without any 
positive evidence that this is so, it is but fair and just to believe that there 
was an actual change of heart, honest and sincere, among these men, and 
that they abandoned the Confederate and embraced the Union cause for 
the reason that they believed the former to be wrong and the latter to be 
right. 

March 24, 1862, Capt. R. L. Ferguson, then of Miami, received a com- 
mission to recruit a company for the Seventh regiment of enrolled Mis- 
souri militia. The company ("B") was made up of men from Saline and 
other counties in this part of the state. April 17, 1862, Capt. Ben. H. 
Wilson and Lieut. John S. Crane recruited company " F" of the same 
regiment, mostly in Saline county. 

The Seventh regiment, whose colonel was John F. Phillips, afterward 
member of Congress, and whose lieutenant-colonel was T. T. Crittenden, 
afterward governor of the state, did a great deal of service for the Union 
cause from first to last in Missouri. 

FIGHTING BEGINS IN EARNEST. 

Hitherto there had been no collisions between the forces in this county 
of any consequence, but from the spring of 1862, to the close of the war, 
there were many small skirmishes and unimportant encounters between 
the Confederates and Union men, or Federals. These were for the most 
part between scouting parties of the Federal militia and the Confederate 
partisan rangers, or "bushwhackers," or "guerrillas," as they were 
termed — the latter being organizations led by men who held no military 
commissions, but did as they pleased, or as they could. They lived on 
the country, armed and uniformed themselves, and took their pay out of 
what they could capture. 

These little skirmishes usually amounted to an exchange of shots, the 
killing or wounding of one or two men, and a speedy retreat. Probably 
the first of these encounters was the 



i'PKj, 





C^^7^<^<JS?;;?^A^ 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 289 

FIGHT AT MEADOW SPRING. 

In May, lSt)2, Capt. Hawk, of a conipany of Iowa cavalrv, of the 
Federal army, having been stationed at Waverly for some time, was 
informed bv two negroes, belonging to Baltimore Thomas, that the bush- 
whackers were near that place. He immediately started with his company 
in pursuit of them. Following up the trail into the timber, north of Mr. 
Thomas' house, they came upon seventeen guerrillas, seated around what is 
known as the Meadow Spring, eating their breakfast, and charged them. 
The guerrillas at once scattered and took refuge in the brush. A sharp fight 
then ensued, which resulted in the death of Lieut. Woods, whose breast 
was literally riddled with buck-shot, and the wounding of Capt. Hawk, 
in the right arm. 

The guerrillas made good their escape. Capt. Hawk was tenderly 
cared for at the residence of Mr. Geo. Hall, a southern man, in Waverly, 
and the dead lieutenant was buried with military honors, at the Waverly 
graveyard, at night, making a most impressive scene. 

The guerrillas were commanded by Wm. B. Edwards, afterward a 
captain in Shelby's regiment, and known as "Squirrel-tail" Edwards, 
from the circumstance of his having worn a squirrel-tail plume in his hat 
when he was in command of this irregular organization. He afterward 
deserted Shelby's regiment, and engaged in robbing the people of Arkan- 
sas, without regard to their politics. He was killed by a company of 
Arkansas Confederate militia. 

In this engagement the guerrillas lost their horses, but not a man of 
them was hurt. 



THE WAR DURING 1863. 



In 1863 the county was under the control of the Federals, as it had 
been from February, in 1862. Federal garrisons were stationed at Mar- 
shall, Arrow Rock, and Miami, from time to time and with but few inter- 
vals. Federal scouting parties were almost constantly in the county, 
scouring it thoroughly from one border to the other. Federal militia 
were organized, armed, and equipped in various parts. Federal affilia- 
tors and sympathizers held all the offices in the county. 

But, Federal rule was very obnoxious to the majority of the citizens. 
For one reason it was distasteful because it was, or seemed so, rigorous 
and oppressive; for another, and the stronger reason, it was obnoxious 
because it was Federal^ and not Confederate. For there was no mistaking 
the fact that a majority of the people were at heart Confederates and sym- 
19 



290 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

pathized and acted with the southern cause. Many of them had been 
Union people at the beginning of the trouliles, but the course of the Fed- 
eral commanders, and the conduct of the men under them changed them 
into pronounced Confederate sympathizers, and indeed made many of 
them Confederate soldiers. There were those who wished to take no part 
in the fighting then going on; they wished to remain at home and to pur- 
sue their ordinary avocations in peace and unmolested ; they desired that 
the soldiers of both armies should keep out of their neighborhoods and 
avoid all collision in their vicinity. They did not wish to hght against the 
flag of the stars and stripes, nor against their own race, neighbors and 
kindreds. 

But the Federal theor}- of the war was that there were but two parties. 
Unionists and Confederates; there could be no such thing as neutralit}-. 
He that was not for them was against them; and he that was for them 
must show his faith by his works. Hence they called on men freely for 
their property and their services, and demanded ready compliance. "If 
you are a loyal man, you will not complain; if you are a rebel, it but serves 
you right," was the uniform reply to any remonstrance, protest, or expos- 
tulation. 

This theory had its advocates among the Confederates, who quite often 
carried it into practice, and mayhap it was the correct one after all. In 
time of and in the immediate presence of war, men can hardly expect to 
till a cornfield in peace when every day there is a probability that it will 
be the scene of a cavalry charge ; to plow another field for wheat one day 
when the next it may be plowed by shot and shell; when the horses used 
to draw the wains of grain and ha}' are bestrode by troopers or harnessed 
to gun carriages in an hour or two; when dwelling houses are used for 
hospitals, and barns converted into barracks. 

In Saline county the people felt the hand of war, and it was hard and 
heavy. Bands of militia daily rode up to the houses of men of southern 
proclivities and demanded food for themselves and provender for their 
horses, and obtained them without money and without price . Companies 
of Confederates paid similar visits to the homes of Union men. Horses 
were "pressed," and provisions and material were confiscated by both 
parties. Excesses, not to call them outrages, were daily perpetrated. 
The bad men, the scoundrels and villains of both sides found opportunity 
to pillage, to rob, and to murder. The details of many instances of these 
crimes against humanity, even against the laws of war, ought not to be 
perpetuated, and will not here be given. 

During the year ly63 there were a number of encounters in the county, 
too many and too unimportant to be enumerated. The principal military 
event was the invasion of the state by Gen. Shelby, then a colonel, and 
known as Shelby's raid. 



i 

i 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 291 



SHELBY'S RAID. 



In September, 1803, Col. Jo. O. Shelby, then with the trans-Mississippi 
department of the Confederate army, in Arkansas, selected a body of men 
from the Missouri cavalry regiments of that army and began the now 
famous " Shelby's raid." The objects of this raid, as stated by Shelby him- 
self, were to obtain recruits for the Confederate army from among the many 
then in Missouri who were strong sympathizers with the southern cause, 
many of whom had seen more or less service already, and were at home 
on parole, to capture supplies from the Federals, and to let the world, and 
especially the people of Missouri, know that this portion of American soil 
was still claimed as a part of the Cor'"oderate states, and was not to be 
abandoned. The presence of a Confederate force was thought to be nec- 
essary to restore and maintain confidence in the breasts of those who had 
begun to doubt the success of their cause, which had no other representa- 
tives in this territory save the guerrillas, and who had for months been 
under the control of the Federal troops. 

Just how many men Shelby had with him when he left Arkansas cannot 
now be known. Maj. Edwards, of Shelby's stall', and author of " Shelby 
and his Men," places the number at eight hundred. There were Shelby's 
regiment, commanded by Capt. Geo. P. Gordon; Shank's regiment, com- 
manded by himself; Thompson's regiment, commanded by Lt.-Col. 
Hooper; Elliott's battalion, and two guns of Collins' battery, in charge of 
Lt. David Harris, when the expedition started. Afterwards it was joined 
by Col. Coffev's and Col. David Hunter's regiments, making a force of 
probably one thousand men. One of the guns was a ten-pound steel Par- 
rott gun, captured at Springfield, and the other was a six-pounder brass 
piece captured from the Federals at the battle of Lone Jack, in August, 
1862. 

Starting from camp on the Washita river, in southern Arkansas, Sept. 
22, 1863, Shelby struck straight for central Missouri. It seemed a des- 
perate undertaking to ride with so small a force into what was virtually 
an enemy's country, filled as it was with Federals at nearly every county 
seat and important town, easy to concentrate into an overwhelming force 
upon either of his flanks, his front, or his rear, or upon all sides ; but 
Shelby was a desperate fighter who took desperate chances, and his men 
were ever ready to follow where he led. They would do so upon any 
occasion, and now they were going back to old Missouri and all of them 
were old Missourians! Such a ride meant iron endurance and incessant 
fighting with the alternative of death or capture— and probably capture 
meant death. 

On the night of October 10, 1863, Shelby encamped on the farm of 
Judge Nathaniel Leonard, near Booneville, and the next day marched into 



292 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the town. Maj. Leonard, with 250 Federal militia, began to cross from 
the Howard count}^ side on a steam ferry boat into Booneville. As they 
were about to land they were informed of Shelby's presence in the place, 
and immediately they put back for the northern shore. Harris's cannon 
were turned on the ferry boat, striking it twice before it reached the north 
bank. The guns continued to play on the troops as they landed, causing 
them to beat a hasty retreat into the country back from the river. Col. 
Crittenden, (now governor of the state) with a detachment of the 7th cav- 
alry, Missouri state militia, was in sight of Booneville, on a boat bound up 
the river, and learning the condition of affairs, also landed on the northern 
shore. 

As Shelby left Booneville for Marshall, on the morning of the 12th, 
Gen. E. B. Brown with a force of Missouri state militia, marched in with 
his command in pursuit of Shelby. It seems impossible at this time to 
determine how many troops Gen. Brown had with him. There were 
about 650 men of the 1st M. S. M. under Lt. Col. B. F. Lazear; 350 of 
the 4th M. S. M. under Maj. G. W. Kelly; a portion of the M. S. M., 
under Col. John F. Phillips, since member of congress from the Sedalia 
district; and some enrolled militia under Maj. Wear, or Ware, of Boone- 
ville. 

Sunrise on the 12th found Shelby on his march for Saline and Lafay- 
ette counties, the homes of very many of his men. Instead of taking 
the direct road from Booneville to Marshall by way of Arrow Rock, 
Shelby turned southwest on the Sedalia road, and pursued it for several 
miles in order to cross the Lamine river at Dug ford instead of at the 
regular crossing on the Arrow Rock road. All the morning his rear 
guard skirmished with Brown's advance. Col. Lazear and other officers 
of the Federal force were anxious to bring on a general engagement with 
Shelby before he crossed the Lamine, but for some reason Brown would 
not permit such action to be taken. He had been informed by what he 
deemed good authority, that the Confederates outnumbered him, and 
probably he was expecting and waiting for re-inforcements from Gen. 
Ewing's command, a portion of which was at Sedalia, and could easily 
move in Shelby's front. 

At Dug ford, Shelby crossed and ambushed Hunter's battalion, Jones' 
Langhorn's, Ferrill's, and Lea's companies, upon the west bank of the 
stream. When Brown's advance was almost across, it was met by a 
terrible and destructive fire from the carbines and revolvers of the con- 
cealed Confederates, and driven back with a loss of from eight to ten 
men killed, and three times that many wounded. Maj. Edward's account 
(" Shelby and his Men," p. 217), of this affair places the number of Fed- 
eral killed and wounded at one hundred and eleven. Levens & Drake's 
History of Cooper County, p. 114, says there were "two Federals killed." 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 293 

No attempt is here made to reconcile the wide discrepancy in the state- 
ments of other histories. Wliat is here set down has been derived from 
participants in the Dug- ford ti<^ht upon both sides, the Federal surgeon 
who cared for the wounded among others. 

The Confederates were not troubled any more that day until in the 
evening, when near the Salt Fork, in the township of that name, and close 
to the residence of Mr. George A. Murrell. Here the Federals ran up a 
section of artillery (two brass six-pound guns), from Thurber's Missouri 
batter}', and opened fire upon Shelby's rear. Harris's guns returned the 
fire, and one Federal and one Confederate were killed. The Federal had 
both legs shot oft'. He was carried into the house of Mr. Murrell and 
died in a few minutes. The Confederate was buried where he fell. 

THE FIGHT AT MARSHALL. 

Shelby left Arrow Rock to t^e right and pushed on to the farm of 
Mr. George Nave, where he encamped for the night. His camp-fires 
were in plain sight of those of Gen. Brown, and the pickets were still 
closer to each other. Shelby's men helped themselves quite freely to the 
supplies which were found in abundance upon the Nave farm, and of 
which they stood very much in need. During the evening Mr. Nave vis- 
ited Shelby's headquarters to obtain pay for what had been taken. He 
was promptly paid $500 — in Confederate money ! 

The following account of the subsequent movements of Shelby's 
forces and those of the Federals is taken from " Shelby and his Men," p. 
217, ^/ seq.: 

A wet, chnging morning, cold and disagreeable, came at last, and 
Shelby began the march early for Marshall. There might be danger 
ahead, and he expected it, but not so sudden and appalling. When within 
two miles of Marshall, Thorp sent a swift courier. Weed Marshall, back 
with information that a heavy body of Federals were forming in his front. 
" Charge them ! " was the laconic order. " But, Colonel, they are four 
thousand strong," replied the heroic Thorp, as he formed for the desper- 
ate attempt. "Ah! what.^" said Shelby; "four thousand devils! Then 
we are in for it deeper than I expected." ^ 

True enough, just emerging from the little prairie town of Marshall, 
and forming their lines so as to cover it, could be seen four thousand Fed- 
erals, of all arms, under General Ewing. * * * Previous to Sherb3's 
advance into the state, Quantrell had destroyed Lawrence and annihilated 
Blunt's escort at Fort Webster, which concentrated a large force imme- 
diately to pursue him, and this force, after his escape south, had returned 
to meet Shelby and crush him wherever encountered. In conjunction 
also with Ewing came Gen. Brown from Jefterson City, with four thou- 
sand additional troops in the rear, and when at last Shelby was brought 
to bay, eight thousand soldiers girt him round with walls of steel. Two 
miles east of Marshall ran Salt Fork, a stream sometimes deep and rapid, 
but now offering small impediments against its crossing. A large bridge 
spanned it where the main road crossed, which he immediately destroyed 



294 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

after everythin<:j had passed, and Colonel Shelby then called up Major 
Shanks, commanding the rear battalion, and said to him, very calmly, but 
with the deliberate utterance of a man terribly in earnest: "Major, Gen- 
eral Brown will be here in half an hour. How long can you hold this 
crossing with two hundred against four thousand?" "As long as you 
wish it, Colonel— an hour, a day or a week." "Very well; I shall attack 
Ewing in front and endeavor to drive him from my path, but it is an 
up-hill business, I fear. However, if it takes just two hundred of your 
two hundred men, and j^ourself besides, never let go your hold on yonder 
stream until I order it; and when you do come to me come like the wind, 
for I shall be pressed to the wall before I cry for help." "Mounted or 
dismounted, Colonel, had I better form?" asked Shanks, as if the most 
ordinary commission in life had been given him. " Dismounted, for your 
horses' sake. They will all be needed." 

Shanks threw forward two companies on either flank for a mile up and 
down the river and waited coolly for the avalanche. Shelby galloped to 
the front after grasping this peerless officer's hand as one he never 
expected to see again. The Confederate war for independence furnishecT 
no grander example of heroic courage and defiance than was exhibited this 
day by Marshall town. The battle field, rent and broken by huge gullies, 
and covered wath a thick growth of hazel bushes, was peculiarly unfitted for 
the desperate charge Col. Shelby intended to make squarely upon 
Ewing's center, and he was forced to dismount his brigade and fight at a 
disadvantage. Hunter and Coffey were on the extreme right, operating 
directly against the town, Hooper in the center and Gordon on the left. 
Ewing formed his lines in the shape of a V, the point resting on Marshall, 
and the two prongs extending to the right and left of Shelb3-'s position, 
thus enfilading his lines with artillery and musketry. Lieutenants Ferrell 
and Plattenburg, leading the skirmishers on the left, sprang away from 
Gordon's lines and engaged fiercely. Hunter and Cofiey advanced upon 
the right through the dense bushes and under a dreadful fire, while 
Hooper and Gordon, moving up to support their skirmishers, the action 
became bloody almost immediately. Eighteen pieces of artillery concen- 
trated upon Shelby's two guns a withering fire, and not a portion of his 
lines were exempt from the bullets of the enemy. A charge along the 
whole front drove Ewing back upon the town, forced him to change his 
position and retire two of his batteries, which were admirably served. He 
in turn concentrated upop Hunter and Cofiey, and drove them a short 
distance with a severe loss, but Hooper swinging round by a well-executed 
flank movement swept Ewing's left wing bloodily back and followed the 
survivors into the streets of the town. Fresh masses poured from the 
rear and made good the losses, and the battle raged evenly for two hours, 
eight hundred men fighting four thousand and driving them at all points. 
Confederates fell fast and Col. Shelby saw go by him to the rear his best 
and bravest, now all pale and blood}-, and the dark hour was on Saul. 
Ewing extended his cavalry to Salt Fork above and below, and thus sur- 
rounded completely the little band of determined men fighting for dear 
life. Look where one would, the prairie was dark with uniforms and 
bristling with glittering steel. 

In the rear, the conflict was darker still. Brow^n hurled his forces upon 
Shank's in wave after wave, that bursted in spray of skirmishers, and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 295 

recoiled before the grim shore beyond held by two hundred desperate 
men. As the artillery fire deepened and rolled over the field, great 
cheers arose from the friendly ranks now closing and shouting around 
their prey. Shanks, enveloped and almost overpowered, fought on with 
a desperation rarely equalled. Brown brought up his artillery, ands wept 
the position with a hurricane of balls, but could not dislodge his enemies. 
Shanks asked for one piece of artillery to stem the hot tide, but it could not 
be given. Shelby only shouted back from his own gloom: "For half an 
hour. Shanks; for half an hour, until I mount my men." The woodwork 
of one of his Parrot guns had been shot into shreds, both wheels gone, 
and the trail clear broken. Even then he tried to save his darling cannon, 
and attempted to lift it into an ammunition wagon. The wagon, too, was 
shot away, and eight men fell around it. From all sides now death came 
leaping and insatiate. Brown extended his lines bevond the utmost of 
Shanks' skirmishers, and crossed Salt Fork three miles below the bridge, 
pouring up and joining Ewing by regiments. Fraternizing and shouting 
like devils, they came down upon the left as a vast torrent. But Shelby 
was prepared, his men mounted and closed up, solid and defiant, while 
the ammunition wagons had six drivers detailed to each team to whip 
them through with the charge. On the extreme left of Ewing's line 
could be seen drawn up across the only road at all practicable a splendid 
Federal Missouri regiment, with infantry skirmishers in front, in groups 
behind corn-shocks. Shelby determined to hurl his whole force upon this 
regiment, and crush it or double it back upon the center. The object 
was to break through the lines, now strengthening every moment, even if 
it required the sacrifice of half the brigade. With this view he recol- 
lected Shanks, and ordered him to fall back immediately, but that devoted 
officer, was so hard pressed and crippled, that he mounted his men 
with difficulty, and had to form and fight three times before he traveled 
the half mile between his position and Colonel Shelby's. Meantime, the 
danger thickened each moment, and Shanks had not arrived. Knowing 
he could well take care of himself, and believmg that he would come up 
by the time the encircling lines of the enemy were broken, Colonel Shelby 
ordered the final charge in column, leading himself, though entreated not 
to take so much exposure. It was a fearful moment. The thin, gray 
wedge dashed down full upon the enemy's line, receiving the fire of three 
full batteries, but killing the skirmishers behind the corn-shocks in dozens. 
The Federal regiment swayed slightly as Shelby neared it, and from both 
wings the infantry double-quicked for its relief. Too late! That column, 
fierce as a full-fed river, and canopied in powder clouds, as the men fired 
right and left, swung into line with the rush of a whirlwind, and grappled 
with the foe, standing bravely to see the issue through. Short work and 
very bloody. A few first fell away from the flanks panic stricken; the 
regiment then quivered and shook, from end to end, until, heaving and 
collapsing to an impulse as swift and vivid as the lightning's flash, it 
broke away toward Marshall, hopelessly rent and scattered. With this 
charge came the wagons, clattering along as fast as the fastest 
horsemen, and went through the gap white and huge as the new sails of a 
staunch, fleet frigate. Daylight ahead now, for in that thundering charge 
the entire left wing of Ew^ing's four thousand men gave way in wild dis- 
order, and but for the arriving masses of Brown's division the day would 



296 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

have been lost to Ewintif. Colonel Shelby knew salvation to be near at 
hand, and halted, even there, to wait for Shanks, giving time for new col- 
umns of attack to be formed against him, and fresh forces to join in the 
battle; but Shanks could not reach him. Surrounded, hemmed in, fight- 
ing hand to hand, and bleeding at every step, he turned directlv east, at 
the point where Col. Shelby turned west, and cut through everything 
before him to the timber, bringing oft' the remaining piece of artillery in 
safety. 

Seeing Shanks cut oft', and Brown throwing his whole force between 
them, Shelby determined to retreat toward Waverly, believing that 
Shanks' indomitable pluck and sagacity would carry him through, and 
whether thev did or not, Shelby was powerless to assist him, and even his 
own safety could not entirely be counted upon as certain, for great masses 
of cavalry came thundering after him, evidently bent on mischief. Capt. 
Reck. Johnson held the rear, and repulsed two severe charges of the 
enemy; but he, too, sent for help, and received two more companies, 
under Edwards and Crispin. With these he held the pursuers in check 
until darkness settled down, good and black, and the brigade had gained 
the river road leading to Waverly. 

A short halt for three hours, gave time for a little rest and feeding, 
when sixty rounds of ammunition were issued to the men, and the wagons, 
now perfectly useless, since all the cartridges had been used or distrib- 
uted, were sunk many fathoms in the Missouri river. 

It is almost a pity that the foregoing lurid and exciting account of 
Shelby's passage through Saline county, and especially the " battle" of 
Marshall, is not altogether accurate and faithful. It reads very prettily in 
some parts, and the author's shrieky, and at times, delirious style is quite 
agreeable to some people, and might be relished by the reader of this 
volume after so much prosy, dull reading, if he thought the statements 
made were true. 

But since one side — the Confederate — has been told, it is but fair that 
the other — the Federal — should have a hearing. Horace Greeley's His- 
tory of the American Conflict, Vol. 2, p. 453, places the number of 
Shelby's troops at 2,500, and says: "They were pursued by a hastily 
gathered body of Missouri militia, under Gen. E. B. Brown, who struck 
them, October 12, near Arrow Rock, at nightfall, fighting them till dark, 
renewing the attack at eight next mornmg, and putting them to flight, 
with a loss of some 300 killed, wounded, and prisoners." Upon the 
strength of a dispatch from Gen. Brown to Gen. Schofield, at St. Louis, 
the latter oflicer telegraphed the next day to the Federal authorities at 
Washington, the following: 

Maj.-Gen. HaUcck, Gcncral-in-Chicf : 

Gen. Brown brought the rebels, under Shelby, to a decisive engage- 
ment, yesterday. The fight was obstinate, and lasted five hours. The 
rebels were finally completely routed, and scattered in all directions, with 
loss of all their artillery and baggage, and a large number of small arms 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 297 

and prisoners. The enemy's loss in killed and wounded is very great- 
Ours is also large. Our troops are still pursuing the flying rebels. 

J. M. ScHOFiET.D, Major-Gcneral. 

One unacquainted personally with any of the facts in the case would be 
somewhat confused, not to say bewildered, upon reading the foregoing 
widely differing accounts of the little fight at Marshall. It will doubtless 
be a surprise to many to learn that, as a fact, after all of the "very bloody 
work" according to Edwards, the "very great loss of the enemy in killed 
and wounded" according to Greeley, the killing of the skirmishers behind 
the corn shocks by dozens narrated b}- Edwards, "our large loss" stated 
by Greeley, and all of the flapdoodle of both of them — that there was not 
a single Federal killed on the field that day, and but four, or possibly five. 
Confederates. One Federal died in a few days from his wounds. His 
name was Samuel Etter, and it is believed he lived in this or Lafayette 
county. He was buried at Marshall, but his body was afterward removed 
by his relatives. The dead Confederates were also buried here, and the 
most of their bodies were afterward claimed by friends and taken away. 
The number of wounded on each side was about twenty-five. Of these 
the Confederates were the worse injured, because they were shot with 
musket balls, while the Federals were wounded with carbine and revolver 
bullets of small calibre comparatively. Six Confederates afterward died 
of their wounds, and in part of want of care. Eighteen Confederates 
besides the wounded were taken prisoners, but not a single Federal. 
Those killed on the field were buried near Mr. Mooney's. Those who 
died in hospital were buried but a few yards from where they died. 

The best account that can be obtained of Shelby's progress through 
this county, including the fight at Marshall, is here given. > The details 
have been obtained from Major George W. Kelly, of the 4th Cavalry, M. 
S. M.; Lieut.-Col. B. F. Lazear, of the 1st Cavalry M. S. M.; Col. John 
F. Phillips, of the 7th Cavalry M. S. M.; Gen. Thos. H. Ewing, and Dr. 
M. T. Chastian, surgeon in charge of the Federal wounded at Marshall, 
on the part of the Federals, and from Gen. Jo. O. Shelb}^ himself; Quar- 
termaster Lewis Neale, of Gordon's regiment; Lieut. R. W. Nichols, of 
Hunter's regiment, and man}- private soldiers of Shelby's command now 
residents of this count}-, including Mr. Wm. H. Rea, of Gordon's regi- 
m.ent, and Dr. Spencer Brown, surgeon in charge of the Confederate 
wounded — on the part of the Confederates, and from citizens of Marshall — 
Judge and Mrs. Landon, Mrs. Bryant, Mrs. Sheridan, Miss Mary Allen 
and others who assisted in caring for the wounded after the battle. The 
statements of the parties do not all agree, to be sure, and due allowance 
has been made for discrepancies, caused by lapse of time since the events 
occurred, defects of memory, means of knowledge, etc. 

While the two forces of Brown and Shelby were encamped on the 



298 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Nave farm as before detailed, Brown conceived the idea of dividing his 
force and sending a portion of it in front of Shelby, and thus place the 
Confederates, the next day, between two fires. Accordingly, Lieut. Col. 
Lazear was directed to take his command, numbering about 350 men, and 
that of Maj . Kelty, numbering about 250 or 300, and Johnson's battery of 
four guns, and flanking Shelby, make a circuit to the southwest by way 
of Hook's mill on the Salt Fork, to Marshall and take up a position at 
Marshall, and await the advance of Shelby. Maj . Kelly, with a bat- 
tallion of the 4th Missouri militia, had the advance. He moved at three 
o'clock in the morning, crossed the Salt Fork at Hook's mill, and arrived 
in Marshall about sunrise. At once, he sent out pickets on the Arrow 
Rock and the Miami roads. The picket on the Arrow Rock road was 
on the top of the hill just east of the bridge over Salt Fork. Kelly scat- 
teied his men about the east and southeast part of town to get breakfast. 
Lieut. Col. Lazear, with his command of the 1st Missouri militia, started 
from Brown's camp immediately after Kelly, but got on the wrong road 
in the darkness, and did not get to Marshall until after the action had 
commenced. Kelly's men had hardly finished their breakfasts when 
the pickets, on the Arrow Rock, galloped into town and reported 
Shelby's approach. Kelly instantly mounted his men and pushed out to 
dispute the road with the Confederates. At the edge of town he dis- 
mounted, and leaving every fourth man to hold and take care of the 
horses, he drew a portion of his force up across the road and sent the 
remainder down into a deep ravine or hollow, running nearly parallel with 
the road, and commanding it. Just as he had completed this formation, CoL 
Lazear arrived with the head of his command, the remainder following 
rapidly after him. Maj. KtU}' here turned over the command to Lazear, 
as the latter was the senior officer. Lazear did not disturb the position of 
Kelly's men, but sent his own regiment across the road to the left, dis- 
mounting them, and leaving most of the horses in Marshall. 

When Shelby's advance struck the Federal pickets, Shelby himself rode 
back along his line ordering his men, in his short, nervous manner to 
"close ui^! close up!" and adding, "there's trouble ahead." He had 
heard, when near Booneville, that Gen. Ewing was at Sedalia with a con- 
siderable force of Federals and he believed that this force had been 
marched across the country and was now confronting him. The truth was 
not a man of Ewing's command was present,* and not a Federal had been 
in Marshall for a week prior to the day of the engagement. Shelby pushed 

♦Fifth Avenue Hotel, Madison Sc^uake, ) 
New York. .Alay 24tb, 1881. [ 
Dear Sir: — Your favor of the 16th inst. is received. Neither I nor any of my command 
participated in the engagement at Marshall, October 13, 1803, between the Confederates^ 
under General ShelVjy, and the Union forces under General Brown. 

Very truly yours, T. Ewing. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 299 

his whole force rapidly across Salt Fork and left Maj. Shanks and Hunter 
to guard his rear, with about 250 men. He placed his two cannon on 
top of the hill west of the stream, in plain view of his enemy and the 
tow^n, in front of the road to Hook's Mill on his left, along which Lazear's 
command was hurrying, and of the hill east of Salt Fork* behind him. 
Captain Thorp, with about fifty men, (some say seventy-five), was ordered to 
charge up the main road into Marshall on Kelly's command across the road, 
and feel of and discover the Federal strength. The charge was made in 
gallant style, but the Federals down in the ravine gave their enemies a 
flanking fire as the}' passed up the road, and those in front stood their 
ground, and Thorp soon retreated, losing three or four men, only one of 
whom was killed, however. He reported to Shelby that it was impossible 
for him to break through the Federal lines, and the Confederate com- 
mander w^as confirmed in the belief that it was Ewing who was in his 
front. Thereupon he arranged his line and prepared to fight it out to the 
best advantage possible, determining to escape to the north-westward 
and pass into Lafayette county by way of the " pinnacles." His men 
knew the country very well, for in tha case of many of them their feet 
were on their native heath. 

Harris' two guns opened on the Federals, and kept up a vigorous fire 
for some time, mainly directed against the town. Gordon's regiment was 
sent to the left of the road, dismounted, the horses left in a ravine, and 
the regiment deployed and marched obliquely in line against Kelly's men 
down in the ravine. Gordon's men were as game as any of those in the 
fight, but they were driven back by the militiamen in the hollow, who 
kept themselves concealed and their numbers unknown. On the retreat, 
some of Gordon's men rallied around an old log house (still standing), but 
a couple of shots from a Federal gun on a hill on the road to Hook's 
mill, drove them away. They fell back, and eventually were sent over to 
the right of the road, where they co-operated with the main bodv in the 
principal fight. Some of Gordon's men were wounded in the assault on the 
ravine, and one, John Corbin, a Lafayette county man, was mortally 
wounded, falling against Orderly Sergeant J. A. Gordon, of company C, 
now of the Farmers' Bank of Marshall, then in command of his company. 

Thompson's regiment, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Hooper, Elliot's bat- 
talion, Pickler's battalion. Thorp's battalion, or company, and Hunter's 
regiment were to the right of the road fighting Lazear wearily and cau- 
tiously, but not very vigorously, as Shelby \\;as gradually getting ready 
to make his escape. His men were well sheltered, as were the Federals, 
by timber and ravines, and firing was mere pastime; it was not at all 
dangerous; lead enough was thrown to kill and maim a division, but the 
protection afforded by nature, the inaccuracy of the Federal fire, being 
mostly delivered from muskets, and the distance of the Confederates 



300 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

from their foes, prevented any very great slaughter, for which we may 
all now^ be xtry thankful. 

When Gen. Brown arrived at the Salt Fork, he found Shanks holding 
the post and lighting with all of his great deal of bravery. He could, how- 
ever, have made a charge and w'ith his superior foice overthrown the 
brave Confederates on the south bank. True, he would have lost a few 
men, but he would have gained a victory — and soldiers ought to expect 
to die. But Brown was afraid of Shelby. He imagined the Confederates 
to be twice as strong as they were. Citizens along the road had told him 
that Shelby had 2,500 men, and he believed them. So after planting the 
two guns of Thurber on the hill and firing a few shots, one of which dis- 
abled Shelby's brass " Lone Jack " gun, Brown left about 200 men to keep 
up a constant firing on Shanks and keep him from co-operating with 
Shelb3^'s main force, and passed around with the remainder of his force, 
and, crossing the Salt Fork at Hook's mill joined Kelly and Lazear at 
Marshall at about 10 o'clock. His command did not all get up until two 
hours later. It was some time before Brown seemed to comprehend the 
situation. Lazear had been taken, sick, his horse had been shot, and he 
had turned the command over to Kelly, who reported the condition of 
affairs and asked to be allowed to charge Shelby. This Brown refused, 
being yet apparently afraid of Shelby. After some charging and counter- 
charging by both sides, considerable firing, and a great deal of yelling and 
hubbub generally, great cry and but little wool, Brown attempted to 
extend his line to his left completely around Shelby, who was in the timber 
and ravines northeast of town, getting his wagons together and his men 
well in hand to make a strike for the open air and freedom. Brown suc- 
ceeded in getting his line extended, but it was a very thin one — a man 
every six feet or so, on foot and armed with a musket. At last Shelby 
had completed his preparations. He had one horse killed under him in a 
ravine, and he carried his arm in a sling, still sutfering from a wound 
received at Helena, Arkansas, the 4th of July previously. But he had 
been all over the field and knew the situation of his men. He also thought 
he knew that of the Federals. Calling up his men he rode along the line 
and told them that he proposed to " cut out." "If vou want to surrender, 
any of you," he said, "you can do so; but remember that if you do, you 
surrender with your heads in halters, for these are militia, and you know 
what they are. Many of you have been captured before, and released on 
taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. You are now fighting 
in violation of that oath, and if captured, are liable to be shot down like 
dogs. At the best, you can only expect incarceration in northern dun- 
geons for an indefinite period. Which would you rather do — be shot like 
dogs or rot in northern dungeons, or cut your way out with Joe Shelby.'^" 
A general and hearty shout w^as the response, " We'll cut out ! We'll 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 301 

cut out!" Shelby thereupon sent word to Shanks to join him, and when 
he thought that otficer had time to catch up, he gave command to "charge." 
Away went his advance, breaking through Brown's thin line very easily, 
and without losing a man, the column steering northward toward the 
Miami road, which was soon reached. Just as Shelby charged, Major 
Kelly with his battalion of the -tth Missouri, charged also upon the Con- 
federate line. He was checked for a minute by only about twenty men of 
Gordon's regiment, but he soon went on and cut Shelby's line in two, cut- 
ting off Col. Hunter with a part of his regiment, and Shanks with all of 
the men who had been holding the crossing at Salt Fork all day. With 
Hunter was the remaining piece of artillery, "the Springfield gun," and it 
was carried from the field in safety. Owing to this charge of Kelly's the 
most of Shelby's wagons were left behind, not being able to get out before 
they were overtaken. Quartermaster Neale, of Gordon's regiment, suc- 
ceeded in saving about half his wagons, and his own " bacon " by a very 
close shave. 

Upon being cut off and pursued by the Federals, Shanks and Hunter 
went up the Salt Fork a short distance, crossed and went east for a few 
miles, then turned south, heading for Arkansas. They crossed the Pacific 
railroad near Sedalia, and after some unimportant skirmishes with milita 
joined Shelby about a week after the fight at Marshall. 

Shelbv continued his retreat to the northwestward, leavinof the Miami road 
and going through Grand Pass township in the direction of Waverly, 
reaching the river bottom about dark. Only one battalion of Lazear's 
and a company or two of the Tth, (Phillips') regiment pursued the Confed- 
erates at first. Johnson's battery of four-pounders was started, but the 
Federal commander ordered them back, saying he would rather have four 
big clubs. Shelby's rear guard, composed of the companies of Johnson, 
Edwards, and Crispin, was hard pressed and compelled to halt and fight 
three or four times, once at the Salt Fork, once at the crossing of Muddy 
creek, and at two other points between Marshall and the bottom. The 
Confederates fought hard and lost some men, one man being killed at 
Muddy creek, and two others elsewhere. The Federals w^ere kept back 
and some of them wounded. Upon reaching the heavy timber on the 
bottom, Shelby halted and rested for three hours. His men were ordered 
to take all the ammunition from the wagons that they could conveniently 
carry, and when this was done the most of them were run into the river-. 
A few w^agons and two ambulances fell into the hands of the Federals. 

The Confederate wounded were gathered up and at first carried to the 
house of a Mrs. Johnson, in the east part of town, near where the fighting 
occurred. While they were here a wounded Confederate sat leaning 
against a crab-apple tree in the door-yard, waiting to have his wound 
dressed. A brute of a Federal militiaman saw him and shot him dead 



oOi? HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

with a revolver. Three days afterward the wounded men were taken to the 
then Methodist church, which had been improvised for hospital purposes, 
and Dr. Spencer Brown, who had been sent back by Shelby for the pur- 
pose, was placed in charge of them. Among the Confederates were Cap- 
tains Clanton, Brannon, and Minor, and Lieutenant Thompson. The lat- 
ter was shot with a carbine ball through both temples. His wound was a 
dreadful one; his eyes protruded and he suffered very much; yet he recov- 
ered, and, in company with Capt. Clanton and three others, made his 
escape within a few weeks. The following are the names of all of the 
Confederate wounded prisoners that were taken to the Methodist church 
hospital. The list was prepared by Miss Kitty Ervin, a young lady who 
lived near Marshall and was a frequent*visitor at the hospital. She died 
shortly after the close of the war. Captain Clanton (escaped,) Captain 
Minor, Captain Brannon, Lieutenant Thompson (escaped,) Zadoc R. Noe 
(escaped,) Ross (escaped,) Fountain (escaped,) Tate Sherrill (escaped,) 
John and Thomas Brannock, Mulot, Cephas Williams, White, Braden, 
Foy, Hiley, Barrette, Bird, Kirtley, Graham, Lewis, and Glasgow. The 
following died of their wounds: Corbin, Cotton, Pettis, Parkison, Richard- 
son, Captain Frazier and Smith. John Corbin died at the residence 
of Mrs. Sheridan, in Marshall, the rest in the hospital. 

Miss Mary Allen, Mrs. Shroyer, Mrs. Bryant, and many other ladies 
were very attentive to the wants of the wounded men. These ladies were 
sympathizers with the Confederate cause, and suffered more or less perse- 
cution at the hands of unscrupulous members of the Federal forces during 
the war. They were largely assisted in their errands of mercy by Mrs. 
D. Landon, a lad}- of northern birth, rearing, and sympathies, whose many 
good deeds done for her neighbors will ever endear her to them. 

The Federal hospital was at first in the house ot Mr. Jacob Smith, and 
in a few days was removed to the residence of Judge Bryant, then occu- 
pied by the family of Judge Landon. Here the man Etter, died. His 
arm had been amputated and he was unable to survive its loss. 

The number of men engaged on each side cannot now be accurately 
given, and never will be certainly known. Greeley's History of the War 
estimates Shelby's force at 2,500; Edwards' " Shelby and'his Men" puts it 
at 800; Gen. Shelby himself told the writer that he had 1,400; others of 
the Confederates say he had about 900 old soldiers and 200 recruits, one- 
half of whom were armed and participated in the battle. 

Edwards puts the number of Federals at 8,000, half under Brown and 
half under Ewing; Col. Lazear and Major Kelly say that the total Fed- 
eral force did not exceed 1,200; other Federal officers say it did not exceed 
1,000, etc., etc. This included two six-pound guns under Lieut. Thurber, 
and Johnson's four four-pound guns. All of the Federals were Missouri 
militia. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. * 303 

After careful!}' examining the testimon}- on both sides, and desiring to 
state the truth without prejudice, it is altogether probable that the force 
under Shelby that took part in the fight numbered about 1,000 men — not 
many more and not many less; and the Federals had between 1,200 and 
1,4(M). 

Well was it for the Federals that Gen. Shelby did not correctly esti- 
mate their number. He outfought Brown as it was, but he thought 
Ewing's forces were assisting in the attack, or he would have no doubt 
gained a complete victory. But either commander could have won great 
renown for himself had he been as well informed as he should have been. 
Shelby could have ridden over and through Brown's forces and escaped 
without the loss of a tin cup, and J3rown could have completely broken up 
and dispersed or captured the most of the Confederates. It was the old, 
old case wherein the foresight was not equal to the aftersight. 

After remaining in camp about three hours at the point on the bottom 
where he destroyed his wagons, Shelby passed on to Waverly, reaching 
that place at about three in the morning and scarcely halting. He was so 
closely pressed while passing through this county that but few of his 
men whose homes were here, had time or opportunity to visit them. 
Man}^ of them rode by the homes of old neighbors, but only had time to 
ride out of ranks and shake them by the hand as they stood by the road- 
side, and ask hurriedly after friends and relatives. About fifty recruits 
were obtained in this county. 

The Federals followed cautiously in Shelby's rear, the pursuing 
force being Phillips' 7th regiment. The command halted that night at 
the residence of Mr. Vanmeter, in the bottom. 

During the fight at Marshall, a citizen, named Mitchell, had a cow, 
which had strayed between the lines of the contending forces. While 
and where the bullets flew thickest Mr. Mitchell went calmly down after 
his bossy, and not seemingly caring whether blue or gray was the color- 
of the victors, drove her back to a place of safety, amid the storm of 
whistling bullets and screaming shell. Approaching the Federal line, he 
called out to the soldiers to " stand back out of the way and let this 
blamed old cow pass," and the soldiers stood back accordingly, and 
Mitchell saved his cow\ 

A Mr. McCafterty had some very choice pieces of bacon, which he was 
very anxious should not be captured or plundered by either side. His 
house was placed on blocks, without any underpinning. He thought to 
" save his bacon " by hiding it under the house. His neighbor, Jim. 
McKown, had a pack of hounds, lean, lank and ravenously hungry. 
Affrighted at the noise of the battle, "the thunder of the captains and 
the shouting," these hounds had slunk under McCafterty's house, and lay 
cowering right where he proposed to hide his meat. As he flung it under 



304 * HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

piece by piece, the dogs siezed it and gleefully carried it away to a place 
of safety, where it was devoured. McCafterty, strange to say(!)was 
laughed at by those of his neighbors who had no meat of tiieir own to 
hide, as well as those who had, on account of his mishap. 

Two or three bombs from Shelby's cannon came into town. One 
struck a horse, hitched to the square fence; another hit a church, and one 
hit a store building. A good story is told of the effect of one of these 
shots. 



THE WAR IN 1864. 



The year 1864 was remarkable for the number of horrible deeds 
done by both Federals and Confederates, under the cover and with the 
excuse of military necessities. Early in the spring, the Confederate 
guerrilla organizations began to move in the western part of the state, and 
the " Red Legs," or Kansas militia, together with the Federal Missouri 
militia, were especially active. What followed is sought to be forgotten 
by the good, sensible people of all parties. Men were murdered and 
scalped, and their bodies otherwise horribly mutilated; houses and barns 
were burned; women and children turned out into the elements; whole 
districts laid waste; whole counties devastated. 

Bill Anderson, Quantrell, Todd Poole, and other guerilla leaders, took 
no prisoners in fight — took none elocwhere that they spared. They shot, 
stabbed, and cut the throats of their victims, without mercy, sparing none, 
from the stripling to the patriarch. The Federal militia were equally 
merciless toward the guerrillas and bushwhackers. Any man who had 
belonged to them, or who, under any circumstances, had been connected 
with them, or who had fed or harbored them, given them information, or 
had seen them and failed to report their presence to the nearest Federal 
garrison, if captured, was shot down with but little ceremony, or with 
none at all. Each party claimed to act in retaliation for the offenses com- 
mitted by the other, and this was the excuse given then, and sometimes 
given now by their partisans, for these barbarities. Robbery and pillage 
were so common as to become matters of course, and but of small com- 
parative consequence. And these enormities were perpetrated " in retal- 
iation," and by men claiming to be patriots! 

But these things must be, at least -wiU be, in a war where brothers fight 
against a father, and fellow-citizens of one race, of one country, of one 
kinship, enlist to kill each other for a difference of political opinion. There 
is this great consolation left — there will neve?' be another zvar in this country 
hctzvecn its citizens. 

The usual number of bushwhacking fights occurred, the usual number 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 305 

of capture and executions, during the year 1864. The leadin^r events 
those concerning the entire county, were the burning of the court house 
and Gen. Price's invasion, commonly called Price's last raid. 

BURNING OF THE SALINE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. 
In August, 1864, the Federal garrison at Marshall was moved to Lex- 
ington. The forces had consisted of a detachment of the First M. S. M., 
under Maj. A. W. Mullins, and had been ordered into Lafayette county 
by Lieut.-Col. Lazear of that regiment, in command of the district of 
Lafayette and Saline. Col. W. S. Jackson, son of Gov. C. F. Jackson, 
had a Confederate command then operating in this. Cooper, and Howard 
counties. A portion of this force was in Howard county and another 
portion on this side of the river. • 

As soon as the Federals had fairly abandoned Marshall, word was sent 
of the fact to Col. Jackson's force. On the 10th of August, according to 
the best information obtainable, a dozen or so of Jackson's men, under 
Lieutenants Piper and Durrett, dashed into town yelling and hallooing and 
firing their revolvers. There was no one to oppose them and they held 
the place for some hours. The most of them were from this county and 
were acquainted with many of the citizens of the place. 

The court-house had been used by the Federals from time to time, 
during their occupancy of the place, as barracks and sleeping quarters 
for the men. The county officers had had their offices in the upper por- 
tion of the building, but the offices were not then in the court-house, and 
the records had been removed to Lexington for safe keeping. No one 
was then occupying the building. The lower rooms were littered up with 
hay and straw which had been used by the soldiers for bedding. 

Shortly after Jackson's men arrived in the place, one of them went to 
the northeast corner of the court-house, on the outside of the building, 
picked up a wisp of hay, set it on tire with a lighted match, and tossed it 
through the window upon the hay and straw lying on the floor. Then 
he went his way. In a short time the building was completely on fire 
and destroyed. The walls fell in soon after. The building had stood for 
more than twenty years, and was in an excellent state of preservation 
The court-house had been put to military uses by the Federals, and was 
Federal property. It was therefore lawful for the Confederates to destroy 
it. It was not the only court-house burned in Missouri by either the Con- 
federates or the Federals. 

News of the burning of the court house at Marshall having reached 
Col. Lazear at Lexington, that officer immediately came down with a 
detachment of the 1st M. S. M., and proceeded to take severe measures 
to punish the people of the county for suffering and allowing something to 
be done which they could not help, or at least which they claimed they 



306 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

could not help. A number of persons, male and female, were arrested 
and carried to TVlarshall, where the}' were confined and kept in prison for 
different times, and only released upon taking the iron-clad oath and giv- 
ing heavy bonds. Some of the men were not allowed even to do this. 
It was at this time that Mr. Gilliam was apprehended on a charge of hav- 
ing fed the guerrilla, Capt. Yager, and afterward released upon the state- 
ment of Miss Jennie Flannery that she was the guilty party, mention of 
which circumstance is made elsewhere. 

Some of the ladies who were arrested by Col. Lazear were Miss Sue 
Bryant, of Marshall; Misses Bennie 'Elliot, Jennie Flannery, and Sallie 
Pearson, of Arrow Rock; Misses Amanda and Missouri Jackson, of 
Saline City, sisters. The charges against these ladies were generally for 
harboring, feeding, and furnishing information to the bushwhackers. 
Miss Bryant, the daughter of Hon. J. W. Bryant, of Marshall, was 
charged, says Col. Lazear in a letter to the historian of this chapter, "with 
encouraging bushwhackers by waving something in imitation of a rebel 
flag while they were burning the court house." The "imitation" 
referred to was the skirt of a dress used in calisthenic exercises in the 
Booneville ladies' seminary, of which Miss Bryant was a member. It 
w^as made of alternate red and white strips of muslin. Miss Bryant, now 
Mrs. John Cason, denies to this day that she ever did the act attributed to 
her. A letter addressed to a lady in Boone county was found in Miss 
B.'s trunk, .containing the expression, " God bless the bushwhackers." 
This strengthened the case against her. She was taken to Booneville, 
from thence to Warrensburg, and from thence to the female prison at St. 
Louis, where she was kept for some months, and at last released on taking 
the oath and filing a $3,000 bond. She was then but seventeen years of 
age. Miss Bryant, Miss Elliot, and Miss Flannery were the only ladies 
taken out of the county. The Misses Jackson and Miss Pearson were 
released at Marshall on taking the oath. Miss Flannery took the oath at 
Warrensburg, and was set free. Miss Elliott proved contumacious, and 
it is said was eventually confined in the penitentiary at Jet^erson City. 

The men arrested were released upon taking the oath and tiling a bond 
as security for their good behavior, 

A few days after the burning of the court house, some of the members 
of Jackson's command were in attendance at church, in Blackwater town- 
ship. A company of militia rode up and tried to capture them. Their 
approach had been noted by a watchful picket, who sounded the alarm. 
All of them escaped but Lieut. Durrett, who was shot through the ankle, 
and fell, fainting, from his horse. The militia soon made him prisoner, 
took him to Arrow Rock, tried him by drumhead court-martial, and sen- 
tenced him to be shot. The sentence was executed in a very brief time. 
The lieutenant, unable to stand by reason of his broken limb, was propped 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 307 

up against a fence, and riddled with musket balls. His offense, as alleged 
bv the militia, was that he had assisted in burning the court house, and 
was guilty of being a bushwhacker generally. His comrades gave as a 
reason wh}- they did not try to carry oft' the wounded man, that they 
were pressed for time, and besides, they thought him dead. Durrett 
died "game." His last message to his friends was: "Tell the boys to 
keep on fighting." 

At Arrow Rock, a detachment of Lazear's troops arrested Mr. Mar- 
shall Piper, tried him by some sort of court-martial, and shot him 
within an hour. He was universally regarded as a harmles and very 
exxellent man, and one who had taken no part in the war whatever. He 
was always peaceable and inoffensive, and his execution was not only a 
regret, but a surprise to all who knew him. Col. Lazear says: "Piper 
was shot for harboring and feeding bushwhackers, and refusing to give 
information concerning the same; and you will please allow me here to 
say that it had more good effect in giving the Union people of Saline 
peace and protection than any one act I had done during the war." Mr. 
Piper's relatives deny yet that he was guilty, as charged, and his friends 
and neighbors, both Union and Confederate, all pronounce his execution 
simply an atrocity. Piper, with sixteen or eighteen of his neighbors, was 
first arrested, released on parole, and ordered to report regularly at Arrow 
Rock, every morning. The next morning he left his home and went to 
town, in compliance with the terms of his parole. Esquire Davidson, who 
was county assessor at the time, and a firm Union man, was with him. 
Mr. Davidson says that a number of the citizens were gathered together by 
Lazear's order, and addressed by him in a speech,?full of reproach for 
their past conduct, and of threat and warning for the future. Closing, he 
pointed to Piper, sa3'ing, "As for that fellow, he will be shot to-day, at two 
o'clock." This was the first intimation that Mr. Piper had that he was 
not to be allowed to return home, as he had been promised. Mr. David- 
son renjonstrated, expostulated, and entreated Col. Lazear to spare the 
poor man, and so did others; but he was inexorable, would listen to no 
explanations, would give no time for the procurement of testimony estab- 
lishing the innocence and harmless character of the condemned — would 
have nothing but his blood. Promptly at two o'clock, Piper was led out. 
He did not shrink from the ordeal. He said he was not afraid to die, but, 
especially for the sake of his family, did not wish to. A detail of ten men 
carried out Lazear's order, and, strange to say, eleven bullet wounds 
were found in the body. Piper's hands were bound with his own hand- 
kerchief. He stood up and received the fatal fire without a tremor, pro- 
testing his innocence of intentional wrong to the last. 

Esq. Davidson composed the remains and started home with them, 
meeting the family of the dead man, who had heard of the sentence, and 



308 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

were coming to see their respected and honored head before it should be 
carried out, but had arrived too late. He lay a mangled corpse, the victim 
of a horrible, revolting, outrageous murder, inexcusable, uncalled for, 
unextenuated, productive of no good, but exasperating and harrowing, 
and bringing only retaliation upon innocent men for its commission. 

Soon thereafter the county was visited by Gen. Price, with several 
thousand men, on his famous and disastrous raid into Missouri in quest of 
supplies and recruits. It was intended, so says Gen. Marmaduke, to cap- 
ture not only the smaller Federal depots in Missouri, but the great military 
post of Ft. Leavenworth as well. If the expedition had been entirely 
successful communication would have been opened with Arkansas, and 
then Price's, from an army of invasion, would have become an army of 
occupation. 

PRICE'S LAST RAID. 

In the summer of 1864 the Southern Confederacy was bleeding at every 
pore, and dying fast. Gen. Lee's army of northern Virginia, reduced to 
a mere handful, was cooped up in the intrenchments of Petersburg, and 
the hand of Gen. Grant was already on the throat of Lee. The army of 
Gen. Johnston had failed to obstruct the march of Gen. Sherman, who 
was already in the very bowels of the Confederacy. 

In the trans-Mississippi department, an arm}^ of 60,000 veterans were 
lying inactive, while the Confederacy was dying, and must inevitably die, 
unless some great move could be made m the West to give it new life, 
and change the aspect of aflairs. In the West, this magnificent army of 
60,000 veterans was under the command of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, a weak, 
vacillating man, utterly incapable of the work of genius demanded of him. 
There was but one of two things to do, and Gen. Smith did neither, but 
pursued a middle course, as vacillating men always do, and accomplished 
nothing. From the war department he received a calm but peremptory 
order to send every available man at once to Richmond. The difficulties 
of crossing the river deterred him, and he disobeyed the order. One 
other course remained, to mass every soldier and gun west of the river 
and invade Missouri, take St. Louis, and if Grant still kept his grasp on 
Lee's worn-out army, invade Illinois, Indiana, and through Ohio or Ken- 
tucky to Richmond. Gen. Smith was urged by Gen. Magruder to pur- 
sue this plan, but he hesitated and wavered, and finally determined to 
send Gen. Sterling Price with 10,000 cavalry to make a raid into Mis- 
souri. The expedition — containing three divisions, under Gens. Marma- 
duke, Shelby and Fagan^-started from Dallas county, Arkansas, on the 
3Uth of August, 1864. 

From the very first, before even it got out of Arkansas, the expedition j 
moved slowly and uncertainly. Nearly an entire month was occupied in 



HISTORY OF SALINE 'county. 309 

reaching Pilot Knob on the Iron Mountain Railway, and the road to St. 
Louis was then open for a svv^ft and decided movement. But General 
Ewing was allowed to escape from Pilot Knob, and so much time was 
wasted that St. Louis could no longer be taken. Time was given for 
General A. J. Smith to reach St. Louis from Cairo with his corps. Gen- 
eral Price then sheered oti'to the northwest and struck for Jefftirson City. 

The capital was swarming with troops, and though encamped in sight 
of its domes for one night, the expedition avoided it, and pushed on slowly 
to the west, now encumbered with a tremendous train of wagons, cattle and 
supplies of all kinds, twelve miles per day was the march of this cavalry 
expedition! Reaching Booneville the expedition wasted three days, and 
here seem to have lost all idea of their original plan. Now the one thought 
in Gen. Price's mind seemed to be to reach the Kansas line, and to strike 
due south for Arkansas and safety. 

On the loth of October, the expedition reached the soil of Saline count}'. 
Gen. Rosecrans was now in pursuit of Price with a vastly superior force, 
composed of infantry, cavalry and artillery. Still the expedition, with its 
enormous train for a tail, could not move faster than 12 to 15 miles per 
day. Passing directly through Saline, Gen. Price halted and encamped 
on the 16th of October at the Keiser bridge over Salt Fork creek, on the 
state road to Lexington. On the 14th Gen. Shelby, with two hundred 
men and two pieces of cannon, had struck across the county to attack 
Glasgow, and enable Gen. Clark wath his brigade to cross. Shelby 
opened fire on the garrison camp just at daylight, and shelled it for a short 
time. A skiff was found and an attempt made to bring over a steamboat 
on the other side. The boat was reached, but her machinery was found 
in too damaged a condition for use, and the skiff returned, without loss. 
The guns of Gen. Clark were soon heard north of the town, and thus 
attacked in front and rear, Col. Harding surrendered. Gen. Clark crossed 
over his troops, and with Shelby marched rapidly to Price's camp on Salt 
Fork. 

The angry roar of a great army behind him, and with ample power to 
cut him off at his contemplated place of turning to the south, accelerated 
the movements of Gen. Price, and he broke camp in Saline, as soon as 
Gen. Clark arrived, and moved on fifteen miles, to Waverly, in Lafayette 
county. On reaching Lexington, the expedition met the Kansas troops, 
under Gen. Lane, and after some fierce fighting bore them back towards 
Independence. On the 21st of October, a hard two or three hours fight 
enabled the advance of the expedition, under Marmaduke, and re-en- 
forced by Shelby, to push back the United States troops and cross the 
Little Blue, and to reach Independence — but here the expedition seemed 
utterly doomed, for a large army was in front, and a vastly superior force 
under Rosecrans in person, in sight behind. That night the salvation of 



310 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Price's expedition demanded incessant retreat southward, through all 
the dark hours. But not a soldier moved — all slept, train and all. All 
day long, of the 23d of October, was spent in lighting around West- 
port; Marmaduke fighting in the rear to hold back General Rosecrans, 
and Shelby fighting to hold back Lane's army from Westport, while Gen. 
Price and his huge train could get well started down to the south. Some 
of the hardest fighting of the whole war was done on both sides, that 23d 
of October, on the prairies around Westport. Nature never formed a 
grander battle-field than that around Westport. Gen. Price, by sending his 
train, on the night of the 22d, could have saved it, and saved the life of 
many gallant men, wasted uselessly. Blundering seemed the normal con- 
dition of the commanders-in-chief upon both sides. At last, after six 
hours fighting, and the loss of one-third of their men, Marmaduke and 
Shelby succeeded in holding back Rosecrans, Blunt and Lane, until Price, 
with his mighty train, got well through the defiles, and the devoted Mis- 
sourians closed up on the rear. At the crossing of Turkey Creek, Gens. 
Marmaduke and Cabbell were captured, and the expedition almost 
demoralized. The two iron brigades of Shelby's division, composed very 
largely of Saline and Lafayette county men, held the Federal army at 
bay, through all the long retreat, and sacrificed half of what was left of 
the division, to save a train, that was useless, and was finally burned and 
destroyed after the sacrifice was made. 

In this last fighting that was done in Missouri, there were many Saline 
county soldiers upon both sides, and all bore themselves bravely and well. 
The last stand was made by Shelby, at Newtonia, and the demoralized 
expedition was enabled to get far into Arkansas, and safe; and Shelby 
with his Saline and Lafayette soldiers had saved what was left of the 
expedition, but at the cost of many lives. 

When Gen. Price entered this county many of his men left him and 
went for a brief furlough to their homes near by. While the army was 
at the camp on the Salt Fork near Riser's, nearly every soldier had a holi- 
day. The troops scattered in every direction, and went almost where 
they pleased. The Carroll county men went home, the Lafayette county 
men went home, the Saline county men went home, the Ray county men 
went home. What a grand opportunity was here presented to Pleasonton 
and Rosecrans to capture or destroy Price's entire army! But, as was quite 
often the case, the Federal commanders failed to understand and to take 
advantage of the situation, and the Confederates rested themselves and 
their horses and had a good time generally while awaiting the arrival of 
Shelby and Clark and some recruits from the north side of the river. 

General Price daily held levees and receptions at his headquarters. 
Hundreds of people from the count}' visited him: the old men to shake 
his hand, the middle-aged men to take advice and counsel from him, the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 311 

matrons to bless him, and the maidens to kiss him! Dozens of the beauti- 
ful little "rebels" came miles to see the old warrior and press their rosy- 
lips to his fat, ruddy cheek, and be saluted by him in return. All this for 
the sake of the Confederacy, and that Missouri might be redeemed from 
the rule of the despised Federals! 

But while General Price was being petted and coddled and kissed by 
the pretty girls of Saline, and fed on " chicken dinners" by their mammas, 
and on "taffy" by their papas, the Federals were gathering under Pleas- 
onton in his rear — moving along the north side of the river to get in his 
front, coming down and out from Kansas, and swarming and preparing 
everywhere for the events that afterward followed at the Blue, at Inde- 
pendence, at the Little Osage. 

During their stay in Saline count}^ the Federal sympathizer felt the 
displeasure of the Confederates, in many instances very severely. Many 
a meal was eaten, many a horse taken, many a dollar's worth of other 
property lost at their expense, while there were other things done of a 
sadder, more tragic and serious nature. 

Price's men passed through the county, not on one road, or two; but on 
every road that ran from east to west. In Lafayette, before reaching 
Lexington, the army was compactly organized. Shelby's division was 
divided; many went with their leader to Glasgow; a large portion assisted 
in the capture of Sedalia, the latter rejoining the army at Waverly, and 
many had furloughs; Marmaduke passed through Marshall and the cen- 
tral part of the county, while Fagan's Arkansans went pretty much every- 
where. The army was in this county about ten days, coming into the 
county on the 12th of October, and leaving it on the 20th. 

In the presidential election of 1864, the first votes ever cast for a 
republican candidate for president in Saline county were given. The 
vote was small, even to insignificance, owing to the scarcity of men 
allowed to vote. The democratic candidates were Gen. George B. 
McClellan, a Federal soldier, and Hon. George H. Pendleton, of Ohio. 
The republicans presented Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The 
republicans carried the county by the following vote: 

Lincoln and Johnson 170 

McClellan and Pendleton 98 

Republican majority '. 72 

What a wonderful change had taken place in the county in four years! 

In 1860, it would have been extremely perilous to vote for Lincoln; in 

1864, it was dangerous to vote against him. 

The following alarming entry appears on the county court record for 

August term, 1864 — as the old court house was burnt by guerrilla bands 

soon after this, the court had some reason for this entry. 



312 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Whereas, It appears to the county court of Saline count}-, that the 
public records and other property of SaUne county, at Marshall, is in 
great danger of being destroyed by guerrilla bands. It is therefore ordered 
by the county court of Saline county, that a military guard, to consist of 
not more than eighty men, to be composed of cavalry or infantry, be 
employed by SaUne county to protect said propert}-, and that said guard 
be paid for said «ervices out of the pubHc money of Saline county not 
other\vise appropriated, the same wages per month that are paid to 
soldiers of the United States for the same class of service; and that said 
o-uard be employed for two months from the 16th day of August, 186-1, 
and no longer, unless by further order from this court. 

About this time a company of militia stationed at Marshall, hearing of 
the approach of a considerable body of Confederates, became alarmed and 
made a precipitate retreat. Before they left they threw into the well in 
the court house yard, several muskets and other munitions of war, where 
they are to this day. If in the far future, some archaeologist shall find 
these guns, or the remains thereof, let him not think that he has discovered 
evidences of a knowledge of fire-arms on the part of some pre-historic 
race that inhabited this country. Let him know from these chronicles 
how they came there. 

As an evidence that the customs and laws of slavery were still observed 
by the Union authorities, and as a record of the olden time, and of a cus- 
tom that has forever passed away, the following entries may be seen in 
the proceedings of the county court, June term, 1862, and as late as 1864: 

It is ordered by the court, that Vincent Marmaduke, Capt. James Boyer, 
Robert Nowlin," W. B. Sappington, John Durrett, James Nefi', ^yillis 
Piper, D. W. Marmaduke and Wm. Durrett be, and are hereby appointed 
a patrol for Arrow Rock township, to serve for one year from this date, 
who will patrol not less than forty-eight hours in each month at the rate 
of one cent per hour. 

It is ordered by the court, that the following persons be, and are hereby 
allowed the following amounts for services as patrols, viz.: D. R. Stal- 
lard, $16.25: James Evans, ipl6.25; A. C. Lewis, $16.25, and Lewis Crut- 
singer, $16.25. 

The days of patrol have passed, never more to return! 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 313 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 

Although the militia kept up their scouting parties, and there was an 
occasional arrest or killing of some one, the war was virtually over 
as far as Saline county was concerned after the disastrous termination of 
Price's raid. News that the Confederate army, upon which so many had 
rested their hope and expectation, had been defeated, soon reached the 
count}', and the hearts of the S3-mpathizers with the Confederacy sank 
within them. It was now clearly evident that a bad investment had been 
made when stock had been taken in the Confederacy. It was apparent 
that defeat, utter and complete, would sooner or later befall those who 
followed the stars and bars, and the Confederate people of the county pre- 
pared to become resigned to the inevitable, and wait for the end. 

And the end came. On the l>th of April, 1S<).5, four years, lacking 
three days, from the capture of Fort Sumter by the Confederates, Lee's 
army of Virginia surrendered to Gen. Grant. Gen. Johnston's army, a 
few days thereafter, surrendered to Gen. Sherman. Ma}^ 13, Kirby 
Smith's trans-Mississippi army gave up to Canby. Very soon thereafter 
the county began to fill up with returned Confederates, glad to get home 
under almost any circumstances. Sometimes they were arrested by the 
militia, but oftener not. Col. Jackson's command laid down their arms 
and surrendered to Col. Denny, at Glasgow, May 19. The colonel was 
paroled and allowed to retain his arms by the military, but was soon after 
arrested by the civil authorities. Other men among the Confederates 
were confined, accused of being guerrillas, and others were killed by the 
militia, in this part of Missouri. Occasionally rencounters of a personal 
nature took place between the militia and the returned Confederates, but 
nothing very serious occurred. Citizens who had remained at home had 
their grievances against the militia, and now that they believed they had 
backing among the returned ex-Confederates, they sought redress. On 
the other hand, the militia claimed to recognize among some of the 
returned men of Shelby's and other commands, bushwhackers, who had 
done something to them, or to some friends of theirs during the war. 
The bad blood engendered during the war had not yet become purified. 

There was not a perfect condition of safety for life or property for some 
months. Quite frequently there were cases of robbery. Bands of men, 
dressed in blue clothing, often paid nocturnal visits to citizens reputed to 
have mone}', and obtained their store of cash bv threats of instant death, 
in case of refusal to disgorge. The militia claimed that these robbers 
were returned Confederates, in blue clothing; the Confederates charged 
that the depredators were the militia themselves. Sometimes this sort of 
land piracy was carried on by men in citizens' apparel. Many detailed 



314 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

incidents of these robberies have been stricken out of this history, to make 
room for more important matters. 



MINOR FIGHTS AND SKIRMISHES DURING THE WAR. 

From the spring of 1862 to the close of the civil war there was more or 
less fighting, scouting, raiding, killing and all of the incidental horrors 
accompanying a war between fellow-citizens. The Federals sought to 
maintain their authority in the county, and generally succeeded. In addi- 
tion to the Missouri state militia (the " M. S. M,") armed and equipped by 
and under the pay of the United States, there were the enrolled Missouri 
militia (the " E. M. M."), and the provisional militia, ready to be and often 
called out and put in service. Of these latter the companies of Captains 
G. S. and A. Burnsides, Corum, Bingham, and Elsea did the most service 
of any of the troops from this county. Companies of these were almost 
always in the county. To give a detail of all of the aflrays that occurred 
would require a volume quite the size of this. Only the leading incidents 
can be given. 

The guerrilla organizations of Quantrell, Todd, Blunt, Yager, Ander- 
son, Poole, and others entered and passed through different parts of the 
countv at times, occasionally " getting in their work," as they expressed it. 
There were also the companies of partisan rangers commanded by offi- 
cers regularly commissioned by the Confederate authorities who were 
scattered about the country, in this county, in Cooper, in Howard, in Lafay- 
ette. Some of these latter were guerrillas in practice, but the Federals 
considered all of them so, both in theory and practice. Some, by no 
means all, of the encounters between these bands and the Federal militia 
are here noted. 

FIGHT WITH GUEIIRILLAS, AND KILLING OF GROVE AND GILLIAM. 

On the 30th day of July, 1863, a fight occurred in the western part of 
the county, between Capt. Cannon, with a co mpany of the ith regiment, 
M. S. M.— a detachment of which under Major Kelly was then stationed 
in Marshall — and a band of guerrillas, supposed by the Federals to be 
Quantrell's band, but generally believed to have been Capt. Blunt's com- 
pany. Capt. Cannon lost two men, killed in this fight, and was repulsed, 
and the guerrillas moved on rapidly to the west. The guerrillas halted 
at noon on a farm on the south road, and after they had started in the 
afternoon, the}' suddenly, in the prairie, came upon Major Smith (pay- 
master) with an escort of the 1st regiment Missouri cavalry from Lexing- 
ton. The escort were feeding their horses when the guerrillas came upon 
them, and fled incontinently on foot to the brush not far off, on the first 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. , 315 

fire from the guerrillas, leaving Smith and his clerk. As soon as the guer- 
rillas fired, the clerk, (name not known), jumped into the ambulance and 
threw the small iron safe into the high grass and weeds bordering the road- 
The safe contained $250,000 in greenbacks. The guerrillas rode all around 
and over the place, but, somehow, failed to find the little safe hidden away 
in the high grass. Major Smith sat in the house near by, undisturbed. 
The guerrillas took the clerk's watch and pocketbook, and then rode off 
west. Major Smith then sent a courier to Major Kelly in Marshall, who 
sent out a company and brought him in, greenbacks, clerk and all, safe. 

Soon after this affair, two young men, Grove, a nephew of Colonel 
Wm. A. Wilson, and Gilliam, a son of A. W. Gilliam, Sr., of the north- 
eastern part of the county, were captured on the Miami road by a scout- 
ing party of Federal soldiers from Marshall. Major Kelly, then in com- 
mand of the post, says they were taken straggling in the rear of a band 
of Quantrell's guerrillas, whom they had recently joined. The relatives 
of these unfortunate men contend that they had not joined any guer- 
rilla band, and did not intend to, but were making their way to the Con- 
federate army. On the night of the 29th of July, about midnight, a party 
of soldiers in Marshall, without the knowledge of their officers, took 
Grove and Gilliam from the guard, with or without the connivance of the 
guard, dragged them into the woods north of town, and there hung them. 
The bodies of these two ill-fated men were found the next morning, 
quite dead, and buried by the citizens. 

FIGHT AT ARROW ROCK. 

About the 19th of July, 1S64, Lieutenant D. P. Woodruff, with twenty- 
five men of the First Cavalry, M. S. M., while stationed at Arrow Rock, 
was attacked by a force of guerrillas about one hundred strong, com- 
manded by Captain Yager, of Quantrell's men. The Federals took 
position in a brick building, which they had occupied as quarters. The 
guerrillas, after making a bold and dashing attempt to dislodge them 
without success, set fire to some buildings in the block of which the 
stronghold of the Federals was a part. A retreat was therefore the only 
alternative of the Federals, and this they accomplished, under the cover 
of darkness, without the loss of a man, but they were forced to leave 
behind them their horses. The attack was made at nightfall. The 
guerrillas had some of their men wounded, including Captain Yager. 
Yager was taken to a bushwhachers camp near Mr. Gilliam's, in Cam- 
bridge township, where he was cared for by a Miss Flannery living near. 
The young lady visited the wounded guerrilla daily and ministered to his 
wants as best she could. Afterwards the owner of the cornfield, Mr. 
Gilliam himself, was arrested by the Federals for having cared for Yager, 
and it was about to go hard with him, when Miss Flannery, learning the 



316 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

situation, herself rode into Marshall, admitted to the Federal commandant 
that she, and only she, was the one that had nursed the outlaw, and thus 
obtained the release and doubtless saved the life of her neighbor, Mr. 
Gilliam. She was kept a prisoner by the Federals for some weeks, but 
finally released. The militia had only one man slightly wounded. 

FIGHT ON THE BLACKWATER. 

On the evening of the 25th of September, 1864, Maj. Mullins, with 125 
men of the 1st cavalry M. S. M., attacked Col. W. S. Jackson's partisan 
rangers and Woodson's guerrillas on the Blackwater, numbering probably 
75 men. The Federals gained an eas}" victory, for the Confederates were 
taken by surprise, and they were very imperfectly armed. The latter fled 
and "scattered," all getting together in a few days. A few were slightly 
wounded on each side; none were killed. 

FIGHT AT N. J. SMITH'S. 

In November, 1864:, sixteen bushwhackers called at the residence of Mr. 
N. J. Smith, near Fairville, and took possession of his blacksmith shop for 
the purpose of shoeing their horses. While all of them were in the shop, 
and busy at work, a detail of Federal cavalry came in the lot on one side, 
and a company of infantry was to come in on the other side of the shop, 
all belonging to Gen. A. J. Smith's army returning from the pursuit of 
Price. It was raining, and the infantry were too slow for the cavalry, or 
the cavalry were too fast for the infantry, and by a rush, shooting as they 
went, the bushwhackers escaped without losing a man, or having a man 
wounded. The Federals, in their rage at the escape of the guerrillas, 
wanted to burn Smith's residence, and would have done so had it not been 
for the man who piloted them over to where the guerrillas were, who told 
them that he knew Mr. Smith to be a Union man. 

THE GUERRILLAS AT B. THOMAS'. 

In the early spring of 1 865, four guerrillas, Harris, Potter, and the Wilhite 
brothers, hitched their horses in the timber, near the house of Baltimore 
Thomas, on the Marshall and Lexington state road, and near the Saline 
and Lafayette county lines, and proceeded to Mr. Thomas' for something 
to eat, or for some other purpose. While in the house they were charged 
on by a Federal company. In attempting to escape over the garden 
picket fence, three of them were wounded, but all succeeded in making 
their escape. One of these, Harris, was killed by the falling of a house 
in which he was concealed. Shortly after. Potter was captured at the 
same house, and taken to Marshall and shot, while almost dead from his 
wounds. The other two, tfiough one was badly wounded, succeeded in 
getting safe away. 

" Nin " Wilhite swore that before he ever surrendered he would kill 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 317 

the two negroes who reported on himself and comrades, and came so near 
having them all captured. He went to the house of Baltimore Thomas, 
after the war w-as over, and killed an old and harmless negro, known as 
"Uncle Ben," and wounded another, named Harry, who still survives, 
lamed for life. But the negroes who actually reported on them went 
awav with the Federal troops. After shooting the negroes, Wilhite went 
direct to Lexington and surrendered. 



KILLINGS, MURDERS, AND MILITARY EXECUTIONS OF 

THE CIVIL WAR. 

A few instances, the more important cases, and those best known, of 
the homicides perpetrated in this county during the civil war (outside of 
those occurring in regular engagements), are here narrated. It is sin- 
cerely hoped that their publication will not arouse passions or prejudices 
long since buried, but will serve to teach generations, present and to come, 
to what civil war leads. 

It is true that for every act of murder perpetrated by either side, there 
are apologists; it is also true, that for every one of such acts there was 
absolutely no excuse at the time, and no reason for attempting their defense 
now. The guerrilla, or the bushwhacker, as well as the militiaman, who 
took advantage of a fellow man to slay him in a cowardly manner, and in 
cold blood, was a villain in war times, and is a villain still, and as such 
should forever receive the execration of all good citizens and brave men. 
The men who murdered and killed without cause during the war did not 
do so because they were Federals, or because they were Confederates, but 
because they were black-hearted scoundrels by nature and inclination. 
They are alike despised by the good soldiers who fought bravely and 
honorably on both sides, and by the good citizens who suffered so much 
at their hands. 

A few of these wretches still live in the county. They may complain of 
this portion of the history; but they must remember that they made it in 
the first place — they or their associates, and let him upon whose skirts no 
innocent blood is, be not troubled. It was at first contemplated to omit 
this chapter entirely, but the best citizens are of the opinion that a good 
purpose will be served by its publication in part. 



318 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

KILLING OF JUDGE SMART BY THE FEDERALS, AXD OF RICEHOUSE AND 
WALKER BY THE CONFEDERATES. 

During the summer of 1862, the killing of Judge Robt. G. Smart occurred 
near Miami, which is memorable not only because of the high position of 
the gentleman himself, but as being the first of those terrible murders of 
individual citizens, which afterward became so fearfully frequent and so 
sadly familiar. Judge Smart was a citizen of Jackson county, when the 
war broke out. and being southern born, he naturally sympathized with 
the southern people; but he was always very conservative in his conver- 
sation, and had committed no overt act. In 1861, he resigned his office 
(judge of the circuit court), rather than take the oath, which he consid- 
ered he had already taken; and lived a quiet, peaceable life in Jackson 
county, until the winter of 1861-2, when affairs became so disturbed in 
that county, from the frequent raiding of Kansas jayhawkers, that he 
removed to Saline county and settled near Miami, with his family. Here 
he remained quiet and inoffensive, associating with the citizens of the 
town and vicinity, and also with the Federal soldiers, and was respected 
by them all. In 1861, before Judge Smart removed to Saline, Messrs. 
Walker and Ricehouse, two citizens of Miami, joined the Confederates, 
and remained in the army about four months, when they returned home 
and announced a change of heart and sentiment. In order to prove their 
loyalty, they went over to Booneville and reported to a company of Fed- 
eral soldiers, that Judge Smart was harboring " bushwhackers." This 
was wholly false; but the Federals did not know it, and the company 
came that same' night, arriving about sunrise, Jul}' 20, 1862. As Judge 
Smart saw them coming in his front gate, he ran out of the back 
way. The Federals immediately started in pursuit, when seeing he could 
not escape, he threw up his hands three times, calling out, "I surrender!" 
He was answered by a vollc}^ from the pursuers; three balls entered his 
body, killing him almost instantly. He was buried by the citizens who 
sorrowed much for his untimely end. No one else was disturbed by the 
soldiers, who were strangers in the state. They stopped for breakfast 
about two miles from town, at a farmer's house, where they told of 
the report by Walker and Ricehouse. They were soon convinced that 
the report was untrue, and expressed great regret that the mistake had 
been made, and that they had come at all. 

About the same that Judge Smart came to Miami, John Dickey, of 
Jackson county, also came, and located wathin a few miles of the Judge. 
He spent most of his time fox-hunting, sometimes with the citizens, some- 
times with the militia, and sometimes with both. He and Judge Smart 
were warm personal friends, though, while here, 'they held but little 
intercourse with each other. In March, 1863, Dickey suddenly disap- 
peared; but in a short time was again on hands, and with him Capt. 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 319 

Blunt's company of fjuerrillas, of which company Dickey was lieutenant. 
They entered Miami in the forenoon, went straight for Walker and Rice- 
house, arrested them, and carried them away as prisoners. About twelve 
miles east of Miami they ate dinner, captured and captors, both appar- 
ently in the highest good humor. The farmer at whose house they 
dined, says he had no suspicion that any of them were prisoners, and 
thought that he was feeding Federal soldiers, as Walker and Ricehouse 
were along. On the way they arrested a farmer, to guide them through 
the timber. Going about two miles northwest, to Edmondson creek, they 
halted in the timber, tied ropes around the necks of Walker and Rice- 
house, and to limbs of trees above them, as they sat upon their horses, and 
then drove the horses from under them. They then made the dangling 
bodies targets for revolver practice, shooting them full of holes. The first 
intimation of the fate before them was the tying of the ropes around their 
necks, and all their prayers and supplications were utterly unheeded. 
After shooting them until they were certainly dead, the guerrillas told 
their guide he could go, as they had nothing special against him, and he 
went! The guerrillas then took down the bodies of Walker and Rice- 
house, and buried them. Since the war their skeletons were found, con- 
veyed to Miami, and buried by the citizens. Dickey was killed a few 
months afterward, near the Saline and Lafayette county lines, he killing 
and badly wounding four men before he fell dead. 

KILLING OF CAPT. ED. BROWN. 
Early in the spring of 1862, Capt. Ed. Brown, who raised the first Saline 
county company that participated in the battle of Wilson's creek, was 
killed by a portion of the Saline militia from Marshall. Capt. Brown's 
company had surrendered in the previous December at the Blackwater 
capture. He had never joined the regular Confederate army — but had 
joined Robinson's command, which were all captured at Blackwater. He 
returned home and had been concealing himself, to avoid taking the pre- 
scribed oath — which however, he had at last done, and then staid quietly 
at home thinking himself safe. He lived one mile and a quarter from 
Fairville, and was a brother of Robert L. Brown, of Fairville. The kill- 
ing was effected by two militia-men to whom it had been reported that 
Brown had been harboring and aiding guerrillas. They rode up to 
Brown's residence and asked him to show them a road which ran through 
some fields. He went with them, and when he had reached the bottom 
of a large hollow a short distance north of his house, they shot him as he 
was in the act of opening a gate for them. Then they returned by a cir- 
cuitous route to their company at Marshall. 



320 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

MURDER OF JAMES BOYER. 

In the spring of 1S62, James Boyer, then chairman of the board of trus- 
tees, of Arrow Rock, met his death at the Main street wharf, in tliat town, 
at the hands of one WilHam Chase, a militiaman, who discharged the con- 
tents of one chamber of his pistol into the forehead of the unfortunate 
Boyer. The report of the pistol was heard b}' persons in the village, but 
the only known witnesses of the tragedy were the parties thereto. A 
negro boy ran up town and reported that a man was killed at the landing. 
The boy was soon followed by Chase, who dehberately told what he had 
done, and surrendered, voluntarily, to Captain Bingham, of the state 
militia. The homicide was taken to Booneville and incarcerated, but never 
came to trial, as he was forcibly liberated by a company of German militia, 
stationed at Booneville. 

KILLING OF INGRAM. 

In 1862, Capt. Winter, in command of a scouting party of M. S. M., 
from Marshall, took and shot a Mr. Ingram, in the Petite Saw bottom, he 
having claimed that he shot Capt. Hawk, at the Meadow's Spring fight, a 
short time before. 

KILLING OF BOGAMIRE. 

In the summer of 1852, a Union man named Bogamire was killed by 
the Confederate guerrillas in the town of Miami. He had been around 
the place for several months. He was not a soldier, but did not seem to 
have any particular business. The guerrillas spotted him. They believed 
him to be a Federal spy. It was claimed that he was seen with a com- 
pany of Federals en route from Clinton to Lexington. Three days after- 
ward the guerrillas came upon him in the town of Miami. They chased 
him and killed him on the banks of the river to the left of High street. 
The citizens buried the body in the old cemetery. 

KILLING OF PARK WOODS. 
In 1863, at the house where Mr. J. H. C. Fulton now resides, the militia 
killed a man named Park Woods. Mr. Woods was attending to the busi- 
ness of Huge McDowell, who then owned the farm. He was a southern 
man in principle, but had taken no part in the war. The militia demanded 
admittance into the house, which Woods refused, and they shot him dead. 

EXECUTION OF DR. J. W. BENSON. 
In August, 1863, a court martial was held in Marshall on Dr. Benson, 
who had been captured by some of the soldiers. It was charged that he 
had been with Quantrell, at the burning of Lawrence. This was proved. 
He did not deny this, but stated that he was there as a surgeon only. 
However, the evidence was sufficient to convict him, and he was sentenced 
to be shot. He was taken to the graveyard north of town, and seated on 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 321 

his coffin and facing the file of soldiers he received his death. He died 
bravely and cheerfully. At his own request he was shot below the face, 
and died without a struggle. 

Major Kelly, of the 4th Missouri state militia, in command at Marshall 
at the time, says Dr. Benson died bravely, but reluctantly. He had been 
captured while on his way to Marshall to surrender himself, having been 
induced to take this step b}- certain Union men, who had agreed to see to 
it that he was treated as a prisoner of war. The Federals almost univer- 
sally regretted his death. He was a young man of many excellent traits of 
character. The citizens, Union and Confederate, regarded his execution 
as a horrible affair. Three details had to be made before men could be 
found who would become his executioners. But the company he had 
been keeping justified his execution according to the laws of war, in the 
view of the Federal authorities. At that time Quantrell and his men 
spared no Federal who fell into their hands, and the law of retaliation was 
everywhere in force. O, the horrible enormities of that civil war! 

KILLING OF REV. KAVANAUGH. 

In 1863, the Rev. Mr. Cavanaugh, formerly from Alabama, and step- 
father of Rev. Joe Lewis, presiding elder of St. Louis, was killed on the 
farm where elder T. W. Hancock now resides, by some Federal soldiers 
who thought him an active southern man. 

KILLING OF JAMES E. ELSON. 
James E. Elson, of Miami township, was killed by the guerrillas in the 
fall of 1863. He was a Union soldier, had been captured by the guer- 
rillas, and was under guard in the Petite Saw bottom, near Marshall's mill. 
Having asked for a drink of water, tw^o of the guards took him to the 
river, near by, and while he was kneeling down and drinking, one of the 
guards shot him and rolled him into the river. This statement is as it 
was given by Capt. A. Burnsides, who said he gave it as made to citizens 
by one of the guerrillas afterward. 

EXECUTION OF ASA HUFF. 
In 1863, Asa Huff, of Capt. Garrett's company, Shelby's regiment, was 
left behind his command while it was in this county, on the famous Shelby 
raid. He remained at and about home in Cambridge township until 
Julv, 1864, living a great portion of that time in the brush, in a sort of 
cave dug in the ground, in compan}?- with a man named Norvell, now a 
prominent school teacher at Slater. One day Huff was taken sick, and 
a doctor was called, but that worthy refused to prescribe for the invalid 
until he had informed the Federals of Huff's whereabouts. The militia 
went out and paroled him, and as soon as he had recovered from his sick- 
ness they took him to Marshall and shot him. His mother went w^ith him 
21 



322 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

to the town and begged the commander, Capt. Houks, to spare her son, 
and when he refused, asked to be allowed to see him shot! This was 
also refused. Mrs. Hufi'is one of the pioneer women of this county. 

KILLING OF CHARLES FLANNEGAN. 

On Sunday evening, August 21, 1S64, Mr. Flannegan, living a few 
miles east of Marshall, a quiet old man, who had taken the oath of lo}'- 
alty, was arrested, brought to Marshall, and shot by the Federal soldiers, 
under the following circumstances: A squad of soldiers from Marshall 
dressed themselves in citizens clothes, and went to Mr. Flannegan's on Sat- 
urday night, August 20, 1864, and told him they were bushwhackers, 
and asked for food, horses, etc., and a place to hide. He told them he 
was poor, and had nothing to give them but a pair of woolen socks, 
which they took. He told them where they could hide. They then said 
to him: "You have taken an oath to report us to Marshall; are you 
going to do it?" He replied that he would not. They then left him, and 
returned to town. They said they waited until the middle of the next 
day for him to report them, and as he did not come, the same squad, or a 
part of the same, went out and arrested him, and brought him to Mar- 
shall Sunday evening, August 21, 1861:. It is not known whether he was 
given any regular trial, but on Wednesday, August 24, he was taken by a 
squad of soldiers to the ravine north of town, where Jefi'erson street now 
crosses the ravine, and then shot to death. His body was taken charge of 
by his relatives, and buried. 

SEVEN FEDERALS SHOT BY PRICE'S MEN. 

In 1864, Col. Perrie and two other Confederates, employed ahead of 
Price's army on recruiting service, were shot and killed while asleep in 
the timber north of CarroUton, Carroll county, Missouri, by a squad of 
Federal soldiers and Union citizens. Soon afterward, during Price's last 
raid, CarroUton was suddenly surrounded by rebel soldiers, and four Fed- 
eral soldiers and three citizens who had been engaged in the killing of 
Perrie, were captured, brought over the river, and tried by court-martial 
at Grand Pass church, found guilty, drawn up in line in the ravine east of 
the Meadows' residence, and shot to death. 

Two of the citizens captured were named Trotter and Stanley; the 
name of the other cannot now be remembered. One of the soldiers tried 
had on Col. Perrie's boots. Two ladies, Mrs. Mary Meadows and Mrs. 
A. M. Creel, heard the shooting, and went out to the place of execution. 
They found them all dead. Dr. G. W. Hereford and Mr. A. M. Creel, of 
the neighborhood, had them decently buried. 

The Confederates making the capture were mainly from Carroll 
county, and belonged to Gen. John B. Clark's brigade. It is said that the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 323 

shooting of the Federals was approved by the Confederate officers in 
command of Price's army, although this is denied by many. 

KILLING OF HOWERTON. 
William Howerton, a Union man, who had lived about ten years in the 
Petite Sawbottom, and was accused of being an informer against southern 
men — was killed in 1S64, during Price's last raid, by Pete Frazier, Bill 
Duck, H. D. Evans, Sid Martin and Masterton, according to his own 
statement, for he lived eight or ten days after he was shot. It was 
claimed, too, that he was shot in retaliation for the death of Harris, whom 
Howerton had reported to the militia. 

KILLING OF ALLEN McREYNOLDS. 

On the 24th of December, 1S64, Mr. Allen McReynolds was killed 
between his house and Grand Pass church. He was a whig in politics — 
that is, as the term whig was then understood. He did not approve of 
either abolitionism or secession. On the day mentioned, Capt. R. M. 
Box, of company F, 7th regiment of state militia, as it was stated, sent 
two men to Mr. McReynold's house to get dinner, which they did. Soon 
after they went away, a squad of men belonging to the same regiment, 
7th regiment, M. S. M., came to the house, and announcing themselves as 
bushwhackers, demanded of McReynolds information concerning the 
Federals. Mr. Creed, who was present, warned McReynolds that they 
were Federal militia; but he would not believe it, and gave them, it is 
supposed, all the information he could — and, probably, made statements 
that, in the eyes of the militiamen, justified them in shooting him. Upon 
their demand he went out with them to point the directions to certain 
places. He was last seen alive, pointing, as if giving the direction to 
Marshall. He was then carried a Httle further down the road, and there 
shot to death. Death must have come to him instantaneously, as he was 
shot three times in the head, and five or six times in other parts of the 
body. McReynolds was a southern man in his sympathies, and what he 
said to the militiamen is not known — but, believing them to be fi"iends, it 
is probable he "gave himself away." He was a peaceable and quiet man 
— was universally respected by his neighbors, and his death created a 
great excitement all through the western portion of the county. He was 
buried in the grain-field of Mr. Baltimore Thomas. 

Mr. McReynolds was born and raised in Tennessee, and came to Mis- 
souri about the year 1S28, and settled at the old homestead, the place 
where his brother David McReynolds now lives, though the old house is 
gone. He was about fifty-seven years old when killed. 

In 1862, Isaac Lovelace was shot and killed with a shot-gun, b}^ some 
person unknown, at a party at Mr. Gilliam's place in the Upper bottom. 



524 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



LIST OF SALINE COUNTY SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR, 

During the progress of the civil war, the Federal administration decided 
upon the policy of ordering a universal draft. While the matter was 
under discussion, a telegram was sent to Gov. Bramlette, of Kentucky, 
advising him of the step that was about to be taken, and asking him how 
he thought it would aflect his state. To this the governor replied: 
" Come on with your draft; it won't hurt us. Kentucky's quota is full, on 
both sides P'' The same might have been said of Saline county at one 
time; her quota was full and running a little over on one side, and almost 
if not quite, full on the other. 

The purpose of this record is to give the names of the soldiers who 
served in either army in regular organizations. No pretense is made, how- 
ever, that this list is full, complete, or even accurate. There being no 
official records obtainable, information has been procured as best it could, 
and often this has been very imperfectly done. It is believed, however, 
that not many men have escaped mention who wore either the blue or the 
gray. The best has been done to make the list full and perfect, but the 
undertaking is a large and laborious one. 



CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS' RECORD. 

SALINE MOUNTED RIFLES, M. S. G 

T. W. B. Crews, captain, 'Franklin, Mo.; J. C. Barclay, 1st lieutenant; 
F. S. Robertson, 2d lieutenant, St. Louis; O. T. Sims, 3d lieutenant; J. 
W. Benson, surgeon; M. A. Brown, M. D., surgeon, 

T. T. Major, 1st sergeant; L. W. Haynie, 2d sergeant; W. H.Jackson, 
3d sergeant; Minor Major, 4th sergeant; Thos. Turner, 5th sergeant. 

Wm. Kiser, 1st corporal; W. B. Fackler, 2d corporal; John Millsaps, 
3d corporal; Wm. Dick, 4th corporal. 

Privates. — T. S. Akerman, C. L. Beatty, J. C. Blair, Peter Bush, Jacob 
Barre, Peter Beverly, M. Beason, M. B. Craig, M. S. Clemmens, W. B. 
Cain, J. Cunningham, Isaac Cruzen, George Crabtree, M. T. Compton, 
Samuel Chron, T. B. Evans, H. C. Evans, J. W. Evans, John Fanner, 
Robert Flenner, Alex. Gibbs, R. W. Haynie, H. H. Hopkins, G. A. Hill, 
J. C. Handley, Alex. Hood, R. T. Irvine, J. B. Jones, R. W. Kirtley, 
Cvrus Kirtley, T. H. Lewis, W. B. S. Lewis, W. H. Little, Chas. Lutz^ 
John D. McKown, D. W. Martin, H. H. McDowell, R. T. McCallister, 
James Moberly, J. T. Moore, A. T. Minor, G. W. Nichols, George O. 
Neil, J. Owens, T. W. Ross, J. H. Rockwell, D. Strother, C. W. Sur- 
baugh, J. M. Stansifer, J. H. Thomas, Thomas Turner, C. L. Snelling, 
Joseph Waters, Thomas Wheeler, J. W. Warner, Isaac Welsh, Wm. 
Wallan, Reuben Wood, A. R. Chamberlain, J. W. McNutt, H. Parmalee, 
Samuel Holland, T. F. Huston. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 325 

This company, under Capt. Crews, was out in the M. S. G. six months, 
when their term of service expired. It was present at and took part in 
the battles of Booneville, Carthatre, Wilson's Creek, Drywood and Lex- 
ington. Lost no men in killed, wounded or prisoners. The company 
was mustered out, November, 1S61, near Warsaw, Mo., and most of the 
men re-enlisted in the C. S. A. 

SALINE JACKSON GUARDS, M. S. G., MAY, 1861. 

Lucius J. Gaines, captain, killed December 4, 1863; James H. Eakin, 
1st lieutenant; J. P. Craddock, 2d lieutenant; T. D. Wait, 3d lieutenant. 

J. Kirby, 1st sergeant; C. S. Mitchell, 2d sergeant; C. O. Bell, 3d ser- 
geant; W. W. Filey, 4th sergeant; J. W. Allen, .5th sergeant. 

W. O. Burgess, 1st corporal; J. S. Miller, 2d corporal; S. M. Cambern, 
3d corporal; J. Goff, 4th corporal; J. T. Smith, 5th corporal. 

PRIVATES. 

J. H. Abney, R. C. Ainsworth, Joseph Allen, H. Almy, J. AmHn, H. 
T. Barnes, J. Brisbo, W. B. Brown, W. M. Chamberlin, J. E. Clavton, G. 
W. Colhoft; M. S. Clemens, W. C. Condon, J. H. Cooper, D. A. CoVington, 
G. W. Cross, J. H. Cunningham, R. H. Davidson, J. V. L. Davis, W. W. 
Davis, H. Davis, W. C. Dawes, A. B. Dulaney, J. M. Evans, J. VV. 
Evans. W. B. Fackler, W. H. Ferrell, T. W. Forkner, E. F. Gaar, W. 
Gregory, J. D. Hall, G. S. Harvey, E. D. Haynie, E. M. Haynie, J. A. 
Hickerson, C. Hogshett, S. H. Hopper, C. A. Houts, W. M. Hubbell,J. 
M.Jackson, A.Jones, J. B.Jones, P.J.Jones, R. T. Jones, J. M. Kelly, 
M. Kenedy, J. W. Kief, M. D. Lacey, G. W. Manning, D. W. Marma- 
duke, W. A. Martin, W. H. McCorrhick, S. F. McMelon, J. B. McNitt, 
J. W. McNutt, G.J.Miller, J. K. Miller, T. W. Miller, A. T. Minor, 

F. Mistier, E. B. Mitchell, J. H. Neeley, T. N. Odell, J. M. O'Donald, J. 
O'Donald, J. N. O'Neill, R. W. Orear, J. W. Parsons, L. C. Patrick, J. 
H. Paul, W. J. Plott, D. PuUiam, W. Putch, P. Quinn, D. J. Ried, J. H. 
Rutherford, S. Scott, A. Smith, E. W. Smith, R. Smith, W. S. Smith, 
J. W. Stacey, J. H. Strader, A. T. Swisher, C. H. Thomas, J. Thomas, 

G. W. Tinder, E. Wiley, A. Wilson, A. G. Wilson, T. R. Wilson, B. 
Wright. 

After the first battle of Booneville portions of two Saline county comp- 
anies, the SaHne Jackson Guards, under Capt. Lucius J. Gaines, and 
the other under Capt. Wm. B. Brown, retreated south with Gov. Jac^ on. 
At Camp Brisco, in St, Clair county, Missouri, they were reorganized 
into one company, into 1st Cavalry Missouri State Guards, of which Capt. 
W. B. Brown was elected colonel, and C. M. Sutherlin was elected cap- 
tain of the reorganized company. G. W. Lankford 1st, and Isaac Neff 
2d lieutenant. This company was afterwards engaged in the battles of 
Carthage, Wilson's creek, Ft. Scott, and Lexington. After the capture of 
Lexington they retreated south with Gen. Price to Pineville, Arkansas. 
On the 10th of December, 1861, the time of the company having expired, 
they having only volunteered for six months, most of them returned 
home. 



326 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

COxMPANY G, SECOND MISSOURI CAVALRY, C. S. A. 

Robert McCullough colonel, and Robt. McCullough lieutenant- colonel. 

In February, 1862, about thirty to thirty-five men from Saline county, 
left their homes with Col. Stump Price and Col. Congreve Jackson, for 
Price's army, then at Springfield, Mo. Before they reached Springfield, 
however, Gen. Price had retreated south. They followed to Van Buren, 
Arkansas, or near there, and were there mustered into Company G, 2d Mis- 
souri Cavalry, C. S. A., for the war. Of this company, Capt. George B. 
Harper, of Booneville, was captain. The names of the Saline county men 
were — C. M. Sutherlin, 1st lieutenant; L. J. Gaines, afterwards brigade 
adjutant, killed at the fight at Moscow, Tenn., December 4, 1S63. Wm. 
Putch, J. B. Breathitt, Austin Jones, John Eelbeck, died in 1862, in Mis- 
sissippi. Henry Romines, died at Memphis in 1862. Godfrey Dumbolt, 
Bryant Nowlin, Isaiah Garrett, G. W. Gilmore, promoted to 3d lieutenant 
and wounded at Ft. Pillow. Thos. Sellers, F. R. Durrett, brigade surgeon; 
P. F. Lamear, wounded at Memphis; Henry Gilliam, wounded; C. B. 
Hill, Wm. Hill, Wm. Norvell, killed in action at Senatobia, Missouri ;Jas. 
Gauldin, Sam'l Copeland, W. R. Garrett, Thos. Napton, Jas. Hopper, J. 
W. Liggett, A. W. Scripture, G. W. Marcus, W. R. Samuels, Geo. Staples. 

This company, G, participated in the following engagements : 

Elk Horn, Arkansas, March 6 and 7, 1862. 

Purdy Road, near Corinth, Mississippi, May 5 to 14, 1862. 

Baldwin, Mississippi, June 6, 1862. , 

Capture of Courtland, Alabama, July 25, 1862. 

Middleburg, Tennessee, August 3, 1862. 

Meaden, Tennessee, September 1, 1862. 

Britton Lane, Tennessee, September 2, 1862. 

luka, Mississippi, September 13, 1862. 

luka, Mississippi, September 1^, 1862. 

Corinth, Mississippi, October 3, 4 and 5, 1862. 

Battle of Holly Springs and LaGrange, Mississippi, November 1 to 3, 
1862. 

Battle of Holly Springs and Abbeyville, Mississippi, November 27 to 
30, 1862. 

Abbeyville to Grenada, Mississippi, December 1 to 3, 1862. 

Capture of Holly Springs, Mississippi, December 20, 1862. 

Around Bolivar, Tennessee, December 23, 1862. 

Perre Terre, Mississippi, April 19, 1863. 

Walhalla, Mississippi, April 19, 1863. 

Cochrane, Mississippi, April 19, 1863. 

Senatobia, Mississippi, May 21, 1863. 

Byhalia, Mississippi, June 16, 1863. 

Salem, Mississippi, September 9, 1863. 

Collierville, Mississippi, September 11, 1863. 

Wvaft, Mississippi, September 13, 1863. • 

Collierville, Mississippi, October 3, 1863. 

Moscow, Tennessee, December 4, 1863. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 327 

Fort Pillow, Tennessee, April 12, 1S64. 

Senatobia, Mississippi, February 9, 1864. 

Wyatt, Mississippi, February 13, 1864. 

West Point to Pontotoc, Mississippi, February 21 and 22, 1864. 

Pontotoc, Mississippi, July 10 to 12, 1864. 

Harrisburg, Mississippi, July 13 to 15, 1864. 

Abbey ville, Mississippi, August 14, 1864. 

Raid to Memphis, August 21, 1864. 

Robertson's Ferry, Mississippi, December 10, 1864. 

Davidson's Creek, Mississippi, December 18, 1864. 

Pascagoula, Mississippi, December 29, 1864. 

luka, Mississippi, March 22, 1865. 

This fight at luka, Mississippi, March 22, 1865, was the last shot fired 
by the command. They surrendered and got their paroles June 15, 1865, 
at Columbus, Mississippi, and returned to their homes, and have since 
made as good citizens as they were soldiers. During the war they cap- 
tured nearly all their ammunition and supplies from the enemy. 

CAPT ROBT. RUXTON'S COMPANY, C. S. A. 

J^obivso?i's Regiment — Organized December ijth, i86i — Captured at 
Blackwater^ December igth^ i86i. 

Captain, Robert Ruxton. See biography. 

1st lieutenant, J. H.Montgomery, exchanged at Vicksburg, September 
22, 1862. 

2d lieutenant, R. T. Hutcherson, exchanged at Vicksburg, September, 
22, 1862. 

3d lieutenant, J. H. McDaniel, see biography. 

1st sergeant, R. H. Willis, see biography. 

2d sergeant, T. J. Goddard, exchanged at Vickfeburg, September 22, 
1862. 

3d sergeant, R. H. Hudson, exchanged at Vicksburg, September 23, 
1862. 

4th sergeant, H.J. Brown, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

5th sergeant, D. C. Byrd, exchanged at Vicksburg, September 22, 1862. 

1st corporal, J. B. Brown, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

2d corporal, L. O. Patrick, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

3d corporal, G. W. Guthrey, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

4th corporal, J. A. Elder, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

PRIVATES. 

Jno. A. Brown, died in prison at St. Louis, January 1, 1862. 

C. E. Ballance, died, in prison in St. Louis, January 1, 1862. 

Jno. Byrd, died in prison in St. Louis, January 1, 1862. 

S. T. Chapman, left sick in St. Louis, fate unknown. 

T.J. Shannysy, exchanged at Vicksburg, September 22, 1862. 

S.J. Carter, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

T. S. Edwards, exchanged at Vicksburg, September 22, 1862. 

A. C. Garnett, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

T. T. Garnett, released on oath, February 25, 1862. 

Wm. J. Garnett, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 



328 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Jno. P. Harl, released on oath, July 11, 1862. 

L. F. Hudson, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

H. C. Hudson, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

Wm. M. Hutcherson, released on oath, March 14, 1862.' 

J. G. Harvey, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

Hubert Harvey, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

T. L. Harvey, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

L. P. Hickerson, released on oath, March 19, 1862. 

J. S. Hughes, released on oath, February 25th, 1862. 

H. W. Jackson, exchanged at Vicksburg, September, 1862. 

F. F. Jones, left sick in St. Louis and supposed to have been released on 
oath. 

W. T. Jones, left sick in St. Louis and supposed to have been released 
on oath. 
J. H. Irvine, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 
H. B. Irvine, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 
H. O. Lewis, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

G. R. McDaniel, see biography. 

^T. A. H. Moore, released on oath, Feb. 18, 1862. 

A. J. Martin, escaped from prison, March 14, 1862. 

W. D. P. M. Noland, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 
^J. J. Page, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

R. P. Patrick, released on oath, March 15, 1862. 

J. D. Patrick, Sr., released on oath, March 15, 1862. 

J. D. Patrick, Jr., released on oath, March 1-5, 1862. 

E. W. Smith, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

J. A. Smith, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

L. A. Smith, escaped December 16, 1861. 

G. M. Snelling, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

A. T. Sims, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

Thos. Stewart, died in prison, January 16, 1862. 

Joseph Trent, released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

-Dr. E. M. Talbott, released as surgeon. 

^S. A. Thompson, died in prison on Januar}' 30, 1862. 

Wm. H. Willis, released on oath, Alarch 15, 1862. 

P. F. Willis, released on oath, February 25, 1862. 
—Joseph Leddy, company drillmaster, escaped Jul}- 26, 1862, C. E. 
Woodward, escaped July 26, 1862, recaptured and shot August 2, 1862. 

J. A. Wiley, released on oath, February 27, 1862. 

L. H. Tucker, released on oath. March 14, 1861. 

John Ingram, escaped December 10, 1861. 

This company was organized in Miami by Captain Ruxton, Decem- 
ber 15, 1861, and with other recruits, nearly all from Saline county, under 
the command of Col. F. S. Robertson, were on their way to join Gen. 
Parsons' brigade, in Price's army, when the whole was captured by 
Gen. Jefl'. C. Davis' command on Blackwater, December 19, 1861, and 
taken to McDowell's College, Gratiot street, St. Louis, and from there 
removed to Alton penitentiary; and from there released on oath or 
exchanged in 1862. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 329 

SALINE GUARDS, M. S. G. 
Capt. Ed. Brozv)i's Comfany^ organized May^ 1861 — Cavalry. 

Ed. J. Brown, captain; J. H. Irving, 1st lieutenant; R. T. Hutchin- 
son, 2d lieutenant; John H. McDaniel, 3d lieutenant; J. H. Montoromery, 
1st orderly sergeant; Hubert Harvey, 2d sert^eant; T. T. Goddard, 3d 
sergeant; L. H. Tucker, 4th sergeant; H. T. Brown, 1st corporal; G. C. 
Miller, 2d corporal; R. L. Brown, 3d corporal; John B. Had, 4th cor- 
poral. 

Privates.— Wm. Bishop, P. W. Harris, J. H. Miller, R. H.Willis, T. 
L. Harvey, L. C. Patrick, D, C. Bird, Wm. Grayson, Sidnev Donahue, 
Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Trent, Wilson Trent, \Vm. Re3-nolds, Robert 
Thos. Brown, Thos. Duggins, Patrick Guthrey, Thos. Boatright. 

COMPANY D, FIRST MISSOURI CAVALRY.— COL. JOSEPH O. SHELBY.— C. S. A. 
Organized August, 1862, at Grand Pass, Saline county, Missouri — Soon 
after transferred to Marmaduke, and afterwards known as " Marmaduke's 
Escort." The following were from Saline county: 

■"'John B. Clark — 1st lieutenant, afterwards captain, killed Helena, Ark.; 
Geo. Kirtley, captain, afterwards major, killed at Hartsville; Dick Stal- 
lard, 2nd lieutenant, afterwards captain. 

Cyrus Kirtley, 3rd sergeant; Sinclair Lewis, .3rd sergeant, afterwards 
1st; Geo. Nuckles, 3rd sergeant. 

Wm. Lewis, 1st corporal; B. S. Lewis, 2nd corporal; Ed. Winslow, 3rd 
corporal. 

Privates — John Haygood, Wm. Dowden, Jas. Wood, Robt. Carlisle, 
killed on the plains by Indians; William Bulkley, wounded at Hartsville 
and died at Little Rock; Channing Bulkley, killed at Springfield; A. 

C. Lewis, Mat Lewis; Charles Love, killed at Springfield; J. Husto, a 
Mexican, killed by Indians with Carlyle; Ed. Lewis, Geo.j Mikels, John 
Rollins, Sam Hays, Joshua Self, Quin Wo6d, Robt. Barbee, D. Lewis, 
Charley Lewis; John Lewis, killed at Tipton, 1863; Thos L. Sidinstriker, 
J. Kinney Lewis; Wm. Fitzpatrick, -Ith corporal; Robt. Kirtley, Gus 
Stevenson, Giles Turley; M. C. Sandidge, taken prisoner at battle of Jen- 
kin's Ferry; Robt. Winslow, wounded at Hartsville, and died at Memphis, 
Alonzo Palmer, Geo. Tinder, Ben Wright; Jno. Beatty, captured; Geo. 
White, William White, wounded at Prairie Grove; Sam Martin, F. 
Hocks, L. Corder; Jno. Blackburn, killed at Pine Blufts; S. Hollen, died 
in prison; P. M. Walker, died in Arkansas; D. R. Hall, now in Texas; 
W. Fackler, killed by Indians; Ed Carr; Jim Dysart, wounded at 
Springfield, 1863; John Harper, Geo. Harper, Jim Hays; Jno. Green, 
<iied since; Geo. K. Dorsey, sHghth' wounded; Mann Webb, P. Simmons, 

D. Sanders, Sam Dvsart, Hardin Witcher, J. S. Jackson. 

Joined in 1864. — John Snoddy, Addison Snoddv, Marsh Yantis, Addi- 
son Huston, Andrew Lewis, Wm. B. Palmore, Wm. H. Hutchinson, Jno. 
H. Grayson, Geo. W. Lewis, Ed Yantis, Col. Pinkerton; Dan Trigg, killed 
at Antoine fight; Wm. Yantis, Robert J. Hendrick, A. T. Irvine," John 
W. Reynolds, J. D. Tucker, Willim G. Boatright; R. P. Wall, wounded 
near Fort Scott; W. W. Stephens, wounded at Mine creek; James H. 
Faulconer, captured with Gen. Marmaduke, at Little Osage, Thos. 
Boatright. 



330 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

TITSWORTH'S COMPANY, GORDON'S REGIMENT, C. S. A , SHELBY'S COM- 
MAND, FIRST MISSOURI CAVALRY. 

This company was organized in 1S61 in Cooper county, under Captain 
Titsworth. Most of the men were from Cooper county, but the follow- 
ing were from Saline county; after Titsworth, Edwards became captain: 

f M. B. Edwards, captain; John Flenner, lieutenant; John Little, cor- 
poral. 

Privates — Alexander Cooper, Robert Flenner, f George Cooper, James 
Harris, John Harris, George Hopkins, Joshua Owings, John White, John 
King, Peter Pollack, G. B. Molden, " Sorrel Top," Toney Smith, ^William 
Rilev, William Miles, William Warner, George Turner, f A. Miller, 
fjack Guffey, Richard Thomas, Joseph Waters, Jacob Rockwell. 

COMPANY E, FIRST MISSOURI CAVALRY, C. S. A., COL. JOE SHELBY. 

James Garrett, captain; Joseph Elliott, captain. ^ 

Erasmus D. Havnie, 2d lieutenant; R. K. Thompson, 2d lieutenant; 
Garrett Lankford, 3d lieutenant; Lycurgus Garrett, 3d lieutenant. 

Wm. Garnett, orderly sergeant; Oscar K. Graves, orderly sergeant. 

Privates. — F. B. Haj-nie, John Gauldin, A. C. Garnett, Jehu Jones, 
Samuel A. Shaw; Thomas Ingraham, Charles Gaines, killed at battle of 
Big Blue; John Jones, J. R. Nickel; Harvey Thomas, killed at battle of 
Marshall; F. M. McMahan; Asa Huff, captured after fight at Marshall, 
and shot by militia after being paroled and released; Scott Huff, Wm. 
Ferguson, David Ferrill, John Steele, H. Hammer, Benj. Nixon; John 
Garrett, killed at Clarendon; Wm. Ashle}-, Freeman Cott, Meredith 
Crosslin, Wm, Crosslin, W. E. Thomson, Alvin Thomson, S. T. Garnett, 
Alvin Garrett, P. A. Spangler, Milton Davidson, G. W. Lankford, Wm. 
Quisenberrv; Wm. Macaloney, killed by George Baker; Wm. Durrett. 
John R. Durrett, Richard Durrett. 

MISCELLANEOUS— CONFEDERATES. 
Robert Smith, enlisted May, 1861, in Marmaduke's company as pri- 
vate, then 2d sergeant, then 2d lieutenant. Was in battles of Booneville, 
Wilson Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, and was with Price. Captured 
in a skirmish on Black water in autumn of 1S62, and paroled the winter of 

1864. 

W. T. White, see biography. 

Thos. H. Booker, see biography. 

H. C. Surbaugh, see biography. 

Wm. S. Booker, private; enlisted March, 1861, in Capt. Ed. Brown's 
compan}-; re-enlisted in the fall of 1864. In all Price's battles in 1861 and 
in i:s64. Surrendered at Shreveport. 
•/- Abraham Neff, private; enlisted in 1861, in Capt. W. B. Brown's com- 
panv M. S. G., Parsons' brigade. Battles — first Booneville, Carthage, 
and Wilson's Creek. 

J. B. Townsend, private; enlisted October 15, 1864, in Capt. Wood- 
son's company; re-enlisted in Capt. Thompson's company. Unarmed and 
in no battle. Discharged June 'J<>, ls(;.5. 

=*= Killed. fi^^^^trted 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 331 

B. B. Brown, enlisted in M. S. G., ISOl. Re-enlisted in Elliott's com- 
pany, Shelby's command. Surrendered 1865. Battles — Booneville, Car- 
thage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Westport, etc. 

Reese McNeill, private; enlisted under Shelby in 1862. Taken pris- 
oner. Exchanged at Vicksburg October 30, 1862. Rejoined Shelby, 
and disbanded 1865. 

John T. Lewis, private; enlisted in Capt. Crews' company in 1861. 
Battles — Lexington and Carthage. Returned home sick in 1861, and 
soon after died with army fever. 

Charles A. Lewis, sergeant; enlisted in Shelby's command August, 
1862, and transferred to Marmaduke's body-guard in September, 1862. 
Battles — Newtonia, Springfield, Cape Girardeau, Pine Bluti', Saline River, 
Poison Spring, Lexington, and Westport. Surrendered at Shreveport 
June 25, 1865. See roll. 

Notley Thomas, private; promoted to captain; enlisted in M. S. G., 

1861. Battles — Lexington, Wilson's Creek, and Pea Ridge. Re-enlisted 
C. S. A. under Price. On furlough in 1863, was taken prisoner. Went 
to Colorado in 1864 for health, after released. 

Thos. H. Lewis, bugler; enlisted in 1861 in Capt. Crew's company. 
Died of army fever in camp, in 1861, in Johnson county. 

John W. Duggins, private; see biography. 

Robert Land, private; enlisted in AI. S. G., in 1861, in Capt. W. B. 
Brown's company. Re-enlisted in Co. H, Col. Playback's regiment, 
Shelb3^'s division, November, 1864. Battles — Booneville, Lexington. Lit- 
tle Blue, Westport, etc. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. 

R. J. McMahan, see biography. 

H. T. Barnes, enlisted in Parsons' brigade, M. S. G., May, 1861. 
Re-enlisted in Co. K, Shank's regiment, Shelby's command. Booneville 
to Newtonia, 1864. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. 

Dick Hutchinson, 2d sergeant; enlisted in company H, 1st brigade, 
Missouri infantry, October, 1862. Battles — Gaines Landing, Marshfield 
and others. Discharged, June, 1864. 

Dave McGaw, private; enhsted October, 1862, in company H, 1st 
brigade, Missouri infantry. Battles — Gaines Landing, Marshfield, etc. 
Discharged, June, 1864. 

S. P. Hunt, 1st sergeant; enlisted in October, 1862, company H, 9th 
Missouri mfantry, first brigade. Was a prisoner ten months. 

H. T. Walker, captain, company H, 9th Missouri infantry, 1st brigade, 

1862. Battles — Gaines Landing, Marshfield, etc. Wounded at Pleasant 
Hill, and in prison, ten months. Discharged, June, 1864. 

Price McGrew, 3d sergeant; enlisted, October, 1862, in company H. 9th 
regiment, Missouri infantry, 1st brigade. Battles — Gaines Landing, 
Marshfield, etc. Discharged, June 9, 1864. 

John H. Grayson, corporal; enlisted in Stallard's Marmaduke's escort, 
1864 (see roll). Was in all the battles of Price's last raid, and died at 
Pine Blufi', Arkansas, just before the surrender. 

Thos. J. Edwards, see biography. 

Martin A. Gauldin, 1st lieutenant, see biography. 

VV. P. Tate, orderly sergeant; in 1861, M. S. G. In 1864, in Ander- 
son's partizan rangers. See biography. 

James Hays, private; enlisted in Elliott's company, Gordon's regiment, 



332 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Shelby's division. In all the battles of Price's last raid, and surrendered 
at Shreveport, in 1865. 

John B. West, private; enlisted in Gen. Shelby's division in 1864. In 
Price's last raid and surrendered in 1865. 

Wm. B. Jones, private; enlisted in Gen. Price's command in 1865. Sur- 
rendered in 1865. Had no arms. 

Robert Frazer, private; enlisted in M, S. G., in 1861, and then in 
Elliott's battalion, Slayback's regiment, Shelby's command. Surrendered 
in 1865. Battles — Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood, Lexington, Springfield, 
Saline River, etc, 

Wm. Putch, sergeant; enlisted M. S. G., May 15, 1861. In Sutherlin's 
company 2d, Missouri Regiment, C. S. A. Surrendered May 15, 1865. 

Wm. C. Davis, private; enlisted in Wood's batallion, C. S. A., 1863, 
and surrendered 1865. 

J. V. L. Davis, John Davis, enlisted in Saline Jackson guards in 1861, 
M. S. G. 

Tyree B. R. Carthrae, served under Gen. Shelby, M. S. G. 

B. W. Marcum, private; enlisted in Quantreil's Partizan Rangers. 
Was in all Quantreil's fights in Missouri, and was his pilot in 1862-3. 

John Minor, private; enlisted in 1864, in company H, Slayback's regi- 
ment, Shelby's division. In all the battles of Price's last raid. Surren- 
dered in 1865. 

W. K. White, private; enlisted in Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division, 
and was in all the battles of Price's last raid. See biography. 

John D. White, private; enlisted in 1862 in Shelby's command. Battles, 
— Prairie Grove, Hartsville, Cane Hill, Helena, Marshall, etc., wounded 
through both hips at Marshall, and continued prisoner to close of war. 

Morris Edwards, enUsted in Captain White's company. Colonel Emmet 
McDonald's regiment, Shelby's command in 1862. In 1863 joined U. S. 
A. at Fort Smith, Ark. 

Joseph M. McReynolds, private; enhstedin x\ugust, 1862, in Co. B, Gor- 
don's regiment, Shelby's command. Battles — Newtonia, Springfield, 
Hartville, Cape Girardeau, Marshall, etc. Taken prisoner near Marshall 
1863. In prison four months. 

Hugh Chrisman, see biography. 

Joshua Self, private; enlisted in 1861. Surrendered in 1865. In Mar- 
maduke's escort, in all battles in Missouri, Arkansas, and on Price's last 
raid. See biography. 

John Thomas, private; enlisted in 1861, in McBride's brigade, M. S. G. 
Sick and discharged on furlough. 

A.J. Sidenstriker, private; enlisted 1864, in Price's last raid. Surren- 
dered in 1865. See biography. 

Evvell Berlin, private; enlisted in 1861, in M. S. G., in 1862 in old Stone- 
w^all brigade. Went home in 1864, and thence to Ohio. Battles — Win- 
chester, Newton, New Market, Manasses, Harper's Ferry, etc. 

Robert L. DeMoss, private; enlisted, in 1861, in Shelby's command, 
captured in 1862, and died in prison soon after. 

Thomas DeMoss, private; enlisted in 1861 under Colonel Gordon, in 
Shelby's command, in 1862 re-enlisted in General Joe E. Johnson's Ten- 
nessee army, under Forrest. In the battles of the state guard, under 
Price, and in nearly all of Forrest's battles east of the river. Surrendered 
and returned home in 1865, and died of consumption in 1867. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 333 

James S. Richardson, private; enlisted in 1861, under Gen. Frost, in 
M. S. G. Battles — Booneville, Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Prairie 
Grove, Milliken's Bend, etc. Surrendered in 1865. 

Wm. F. Dowden, private in jNIarmaduke's escort; see biography. 

Addison Huston, private in Marmaduke's escort; see biography and 
muster roll. 

Joseph Shaul, private, enlisted in Pool's Partizan Rangers in 1864, but 
returned home as they went south. 

William Lemen, private; enlisted in Capt. Shindler's company, Shelby's 
command, 1861. In 1864, was drafted by Shelby, and was in the long 
fight from Lexington to Newtonia, Price's raid. 

— David Lemen, private; enlisted in Shindler's company, Lewis' regi- 
ment, Shelby's command, in 1861. Drafted in 186-4. Taken prisoner 
near Fort Scott. Released on oath, 1865. 

John W. Parsons, ordnance master in Bledsoe's battery; enlisted M. S. 
G., 1861. Transferrtid to Joe E. Johnson's army, 1862. Captured at 
Vicksburg, 1863. Released on parole. In all the battles in Missouri in 
1861, and in all under Gen. Johnson to Vicksburg. Now lives in Cali- 
fornia. 

George W. Lewis, private; enlisted in 1864, Marmaduke's escort, Capt. 
Stallard. Surrendered at Shreveport, June, 1865. In all the long fight- 
ing of Price's last raid. Died at home a few months after the surrender. 
'. William Lewis, private ; enlisted under Capt. Stallard, Marmaduke's 
escort, in 1862. 

D. W. Lewis, private; enlisted June, 186], in Gordon's regiment, under 
Shelby, and detailed, 1862, into Stallard's company, Marmaduke's escort, 
Battles — Pea Ridge, Lexington, etc., and the battles on Price's last raid. 

Dr. A. P. Brown, private; enlisted in December, 1861, in Robertson's 
regiment. Captured four days after on Black water by Jelf. C. Davis' 
command. Took the oath, and came home after three months' imprison- 
ment. 

William Kiser, corporal; enlisted in Capt. Crews' company, 1861. 
Re-enlisted December, 1861. Captured at Blackwater, December 19, 
1861. Released on taking the oath, 1862. Was in Missouri State Guard 
battles. 

Wm. A. Snoddy, private; enlisted in Ed Brown's company, 1861 (see 
list), and re-enlisted in Capt. Stallard's company, Marmaduke's Escort, 
1864. Surrendered in 1865, at Shreveport. Battles — Booneville, Lexing- 
ton, and all the fighting of Price's last raid. 

John J. Snoddy, private; enlisted, in 1862, in Stallard's company, Mar- 
maduke's escort; re-enlisted in 1864; surrendered in 1865, and died at 
home, in 1876. 

"' E. H. Lewis, private; enlisted in 1862, in Capt. Cake's battallion sharp- 
shooters; re-enlisted under Gen. Shelby, and surrendered in 1865. Battles 
— Carthage, Pleasant Hill, Little Saline, Prairie Grove, etc. 

John H. Humphreys, private; enlisted under Gen. Price, in 1862; dis- 
charged same year, for sickness. 

^ Capt. John Clark, captain; enlisted in 1862, under Shelby, afterwards 
captain of Marmaduke's escort. Killed at Helena, July, 1863. Battles — 
Springfield, Newtonia, Prairie Grove, Darcy, etc. 



334 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

T. B. Prior, private; enlisted, October 1, 1S64, under Shelby, and was 
in the battles of Price's last raid. 

Robert Carlyle, private; enlisted in 1862, under Marmaduke. Was 
wounded at the battle of Springfield, and died in Arkansas, 1864. 

Channing M. Bulkley, private; enlisted, August 19, 1862, under Gen. 
Marmaduke; killed at Springfield, January 8, 1863, shot through the 
heart. 

William A. Bulkley, private; enlisted under Marmaduke, September, 
1861. Was at battles of Lexington. Pea Ridge, Hartsville and Springfield; 
wounded in hip and spine, January 11, 3 863; died at Little Rock, the next 
September. 

Thos. W. Davis, private; enlisted, June 1861, in Reavis' regiment. 
Slack's division, M. S. G. 

C. M. Pinkerton, private; enlisted in Shelby's command, in 1862, and in 
Marmaduke's escort; discharged on Washita river, 1863. Battles — Car- 
thage, Lexington, Prairie Grove, Hartsville, Springfield, Marshall, Cane 
Ridge, etc. 

John Lewis, private; enlisted in Shelby's command in 1862. Trans- 
ferred to Marmaduke's. Was killed October, 1863, at Tipton, Missouri. 

Wm. F. Godman, private; enlisted September, 1864. Surrendered 
1865. In all the battles of Price's retreat. 

John J. Little, private; enhsted August, 1862, 1st Missouri Cavalry, 
company H. Wounded at Clarendon, Arkansas; taken prisoner, but 
escaped. Surrendered 1865. 

James B. Brown, private; enlisted, 1862, in Capt. Sutherlin's company. 
In second battle of Pea Ridge, and wounded in left thigh. Surrendered 
in 1865. 

W. B. Brown, private: enlisted in 1861; first, in Saline Jackson Guards, 
second, in Col. McCullough's regiment, and then under Gen. Shelby. 
Was wounded, b}' being thrown from his horse. Surrendered, 1865. 
Battles — Three at Newtonia, two at Lexington, two at Booneville, &c. 

John L. Cowan, private; enlisted in 1864, in Price's last raid. Sur- 
rendered in 1865. 

John M. Jackson, corporal; enlisted under Gen. Parsons, M. S. G. ; 
under Price, C. S. A. Surrendered in 1865. Battles — Lexington, Wil- 
son's Creek, Springfield. Helena, Lone Jack, &c., &c. 

A. J. Thornton, private; enlisted in 1864, in Price's last raid. Sur- 
rendered, 1865. In the battles of the raid. 

Chas. E. Wood, sergeant-major; enlisted in Clark's brigade, in Price's 
last raid, and at the desperate battles of that raid. Surrendered, 1865. 

C. O. V. Wood, private; enhsted, first, under McCullough, 1861; sec- 
ond, in Price's last raid, 1864. Surrendered, 1865, 

Isaiah Garrett, private; enlisted, first, under Col. W. B. Brown, 1861; 
then under Col. McCullough. Surrendered in 1865. Battles — Boone- 
ville, Lexington, Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Moscow, Holly Springs, &c. 

John R. Durrett, private; enlisted under Shelby, in 1861. Surrendered 
in 1865. Battles — Booneville, Helena, Cape Girardeau, Hartsville, West- 
port, etc. Was wounded slightly at Westport. Surrendered in 1865. 

Joseph M. Cott, private; enlisted first in M. S. G., in 1861, then under 
Congreve Jackson; then under Parsons, Green, and last in Cockrell's 
brigade. Surrendered in 1865. Battles — Pea Ridge, Grand Gulf, Vicks- 
burg, Franklin, Nashville, luka, etc. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 335 

S. p. Allen, private; enlisted under Shelby in ISB-t. In all the battles 
of Price's last raid. Surrendered in 1865, 

B. J. Orear, private: enlisted in 1S63, in Jackman's brigade. Then under 
Gen. Green. Was in the battles of Price's raid. Surrendered, 1865. 

Giles R. McDaniel, private; enlisted in 1861 and '63. See biograph}'. 

Thos. L. Sidenstriker, private; Enlisted first in Robertson's regiment. 
Captured at Blackwater, December 19, 1861. Then in Marmaduke's 
escort. In the battles of Price's last raid. Mustered himself out in April, 
1865. 

W. A. Irvine, private; enlisted. May, 1861, in Capt. Ed. Brown's 
company. Again in Capt. Ruxton's company, December, 1861. Cap- 
tured at Blackwater, December 19,1861 ; released on oath in 1862. Joined 
Price's raid in 1864. In all the battles of the raid. Surrendered, 1865. 

R. A. Henton, private; enlisted, December, 1861, in Robertson's com- 
mand. Captured at Blackwater, December, 1861. Released on oath, 
1862. 

Michael Price, private; enlisted in company K, Shank's regiment, 
Shelby's division, October, 1864. Killed at Westport, October, 1864. 

D. W. Price, private; enlisted in Robertson's command, December, 
1861. Captured at Blackwater with the command. Released on oath, 
March, 1862. Then in company K, Shank's regiment, Shelby's division, 
1864. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. In all the battles of Shelby's 
division. Price's raid. 

J. A. Rice, private; enlisted in Ed. Brown's company. May, 1861. 
Disbanded, June, 1861. Re-enlisted in company E, Gordon's regiment, 
Shelby's division, 1864, and in all the battles of the division on the retreat. 
Surrendered, 1865. 

R. W. Haynie, private, 3d corporal; enlisted in Crews' company. May, 
1861. re-enlisted in Robertson's command and captured at Blackwater. 
Exchanged at Vicksburg, September 8, 1862. Transferred to company 
G, 9th regiment Missouri infantry as orderly sergeant, in Parsons' divis- 
ion. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. Battles— Little Rock, Saline 
River, etc. 

Flemming Haynie, private; enlisted first Lindsay's company, M. S. G., 
August, 1861; then in Robertson's command; captured at Blackwater; 
released on oath 1862; joined company E, Gordon's regiment, 1st Missouri 
Cavalry, 1863; in all the battles of Shelby's command; surrendered 1865. 

J. H. Reynolds, private; enlisted in Ruxton's company, Robertson's 
command, December, 1861 ; captured at Blackwater same month; released 
on oath March, 1862. 

Marion Peterman, private; enlisted in Nixon's company, Gordon's regi- 
ment, Shelby's division, 1864; in the battles of the last raid; surrendered 
at Shreveport, 1865. 

Wm. H. Handley, private; enlisted in company A, 10th Missouri Cav- 
alry, Marmaduke's division, November, 1862; battles Prairie Grove, etc., 
and all the battles of last raid; surrendered at Shreveport, May, 1865. 

Jacob Rockwell, private, 2d sergeant; enlisted June, 1861, Capt. Crew's 
company, M. S. G. ; then in Robertson's regiment of recruits; captured at 
Blackwater December, 1861; released on oath March, 1862; re-enlisted 
under Shelby August, 1862; w^ounded and captured on the retreat after 
the battle of Marshall; remained in prison at Camp Morton, until paroled, 
March, 1865. 



336 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

John Robertson, assistant wagon master; enlisted, December, 1S61, in 
Robertson's regiment of recruits; captured at Blackwater; released on 
oath April, 1862. 

L. W. Haynie, 1st lieutenant; enlisted first in Robertson's recruits; 
captured at Blackwater December 19, 1861; exchanged at Vicksburg 
September, 1862; in company G, 9th Missouri infantry; battles of Boone- 
ville, Carthage, Lexington, Marshfield, etc.; surrendered June, 1865. 

John C. Scott. See biography. 

I. S. Parsons, 1st lieutenant company H, Slayback's regiment. See 
biography. 

J. D. Snelling, private; enlisted in company D, Williams' regiment, 
Shelby's division, 1864. In all the battles of the last raid. Surrendered 
June, 1865. 

E. D. Haynie, private, 2d lieutenant; enlisted in Saline Jackson Guards 
May, 1861, in Robertson's recruits. Captured December 19, 1861. 
Re-enlisted in company E, 1st Missouri Cavalr}-, Col. Gordon. Wounded 
in stomach at Westport, 186-i. Surrendered June, 1865. 
-y C. G. Bruce, 1st lieutenant in M. S. G., company A, 2d regiment, dis- 
banded; enlisted (orderly) company E, 1st regiment Missouri Cavalry, 
Gordon's regiment, Shelby's command. In twenty-seven battles and 
over one hundred skirmishes. Surrendered June, 1865. 

Oscar Haynie, private; taken prisoner with Robertson's recruits, Dec, 
1861, and died in prison at Alton, April, 1862. 

John W. Benson, M. D., surgeon; first in SaHne Jackson guards, then 
in Robertson's regiment of recruits. Captured at Blackwater, December 
19, 1861, and held a prisoner, until released on oath. 

W. O. Burgess, private; enlisted in Saline Jackson guards, April, 1861, 
then in Robertson's command. Captured at Blackwater. Exchanged 
at Vicksburg, then in 9th regiment Missouri infantry. Battles — Boone- 
ville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Little Rock, etc. Sur- 
rendered at Shreveport, 1865. 

O. M Zea, private; enlisted in Robertson's regiment of recruits, cap- 
tured at Blackwater, December, 1861. Released on oath, 1862. 

J. H. Waldon, private; enlisted in Robertson's, recruits. Captured at 
at Blackwater, December, 1862. Released on oath, 1862. 

R. H.Elliott, private, enlisted in Crew's company, M.S. G., August, 
1861. Discharged, Dec, 1861. 

Jacob Burns, private; enlisted in Nixon's company, Gordon's regiment, 
1st Missouri cavalry, Shelby's division, 1864. Battles — Westport and 
Newtonia. Surrendered, Jime, 1865. 

W. Bure, private; enlisted in Shelby's division, 1864. In the battles of 
the retreat. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. 

Wm. Bishop, private; enlisted, April, 1861, in Brown's company, M.S. 
G. Battles— Boonville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington and Pea 
Ridge. Wounded at Wilson's Creek. Re-enlisted, July, 1862, in Mor- 
gan's Ark. regiment. Discharged, October, 1S62. 

Geo. G. Duggans, M. D., reg. surgeon; in June, 1861, in Parsons' 
brigade. Taken prisoner and exchanged, 1862. In Well's regiment, 
King's brigade, Magruder's division. 

>^than Perry, teamster; enlisted under Parsons', in state guard, July, 
1861. Captured in Robertson's regiment, at Blackwater. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. * 337 

J. B. Stockston, private; enlisted in 2d regiment infantry, M. S. G., 
September, 1861. Captured with Robertson's recruits, December, 1S(U. 
Exchanged. Enlisted in company G, 9th regiment, Missouri infantry, 
1862. Surrendered, 1865. 

N. O. Smith, private; enlisted in Marmaduke's company, M. S. G., 
June 1861. Captured with Robertson's recruits December 19, 1861. 
Released on oath, and discharged in 1863. 

Jno. T. Carlyle, private; enlisted in Robinson's regular recruits, and 
captured at Blackwater December 19, 1861. Released on oath. 

Claud Carlyle, private; enlisted in Robinson's recruits and captured on 
Blackwater, and died in prison in St. Louis. 

Joseph Pittman, private; enlisted first in Capt. Ed. Brown's company in 

1861. With Robertson captured at Blackwater. 
John H. McDaniel, see biography. 

Jesse Marr, private; enlisted under Bledsoe in 1861, in Raines' division. 
Disbanded in 1862. Battles — Lexington and Pea Ridge. 

Benj. T. Poe, captain in State Guard; enlisted, 2d sergeant August, 

1862, company D, 11th Regiment and 2d Brigade Parsons' division. 
Battles— Prairie Grove, Marshfield, Jenkins' Ferry, Pleasant Hill and 
Little Rock. Surrendered in 186.5. 

G. Thos. Martin, private; enlisted June 1861, Gordon's company, Weight- 
man's brigade, M. S. G. Discharged December, 1861; in C. S. A., Feb- 
ruary, 1862, in Taylor's company 6th Regiment Missouri Infantry, Slack's 
brigade, Price's division, transferred to various commanders. Battles- 
Carthage, Wilson Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth 1st and 2d, 
luka, around Vicksburg, etc., etc. Surrendered 1865. 

Lemuel D. Stevenson, private; enlisted June, 1861, Gordon's compan}', 
Weightman's brigade, M. S. G. Discharged December, 1861, in C. S. A., 
February, 1862, in Taylor's company 6th Regiment Missouri Infantry, 
Slack's Brigade, Price's division. Transferred to other commanders. 
Battles -Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, 1st and 2d 
Corinth, luka, around Vicksburg, etc., etc. Surrendered 1865. 

Rich B. Davis, private; enlisted fall, 1864, company C, 9th Regular 
Cavalry, Shelby's division. Battles — Lexington, Westport, and all the 
battles of the retreat. Surrendered, 1865. 

Andrew C. Dysart, private; enlisted, 1862, in Smith's company, Boyd's 
regiment, Stein's division. Battles — Blue Mills and Lexington. Dis- 
charged November, 1862. 

Godfred Wermelskirchen, private; enlisted, 1863, in Co. C, Gordon's 
regiment, Shelby's brigade. In all the battles of Price's retreat. Taken 
prisoner at the Blackwater capture, 1861, and held until November, 1862. 
Surrendered, 1865. 

John W. Patterson, private; enlisted in Shindler's company, Gordon's 
regiment, Shelby's brigade, September, 1862. Battles — Lexington, Oka- 
lona, Mark's Mills, etc., etc. Surrendered, 1S65. 

Josephus Hicklin, private; enlisted, 1864, under Price. In battles of 
Lexington, Independence, Newtonia. 

George K. Dorsev, private; enlisted, 1862, Marmaduke's escort. See 
roll. 

Wm. H. Nash, private; enlisted in 1861, in Robertson's recruits, and 
captured December 19, 1861. Re-enlisted November, 1862. Recaptured 



338 HISTORY OF SALINE COUN f Y. 

in Saline, 1S63, and confined six months. Rejoined Marmaduke's division, 
and in the battles of Price's retreat. Surrendered, 1865. 

John W. Ehart, private; enlisted, 1861, in compan}- K 1st Missouri 
Cavalry, Shelby's brigade. Captured in Arkansas December, 1863, and 
afterward in the battles of Price's retreat, 1864. Surrendered, 1865. 

John L. Hall, private; enlisted June, 1861, M. S. G. Discharged De- 
cember, 1861. Re-enlisted February, 1862, 6th Infantry, Slack's brigade, 
Price's division. C. S. A. Battles — Carthage, Springfield, Lexington, 
Pea Ridge and Corinth. Died August 4, 1862, of pneumonia. 

James B. White, private; enlisted July, 1862, in Goft''s company, Cof- 
fey's regiment. Battles — Turkey Creek, Lone Jack, Camden, Helena, 
Bayou Meter, Cape Girardeau, Hartsville, etc., and Price's retreat. Sur- 
rendered, 1865. 

Samuel D. Martin, 3d sergeant; enlisted 1862, Marmaduke's escort. 
See roll. 

Percy Boulware, private; September, 1864, in Anderson's Guerrillas. 
In fights at Fayette, Rocheport, and Centralia. November, 1864, enlisted 
in company C, Gordon's regiment, Shelb3''s division. In all the battles of 
Price's retreat. 

Simeon G. Davis, private; September, 1864, in Anderson's Guerrillas. 
In ttghts at Fayette, Rocheport, and Centralia. November, 1864, enlisted 
in compan}^ C, Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. In the battles of 
Price's retreat south. 

Dr. S. D. Martin, private; 1861 and 1862. See biography. 

John Shannon, Lieutenant; enlisted 1864 under Colonel Wood, C. S. A. 
Surrendered 1865. 

David Shannon, private; enlisted in 1864, under Colonel Wood, C. S. A. 
Surrendered 1865. 

John B. Davis, Lieutenant; Captain Divers company, Colonel Wood's 
regiment. Battles — Blue Mills, Marais de Cygnes. 

Joseph F. Wood, private; enlisted spring of 1861, Captain Gaines' com- 
pany. Battles — Booneville and Lexington. Captured at Blackwater with 
Robertson. 

N. H. Lewis, Lieutenant; enlisted 1881 with Robertson's recruits, and 
captured December 11), 1861, released 1862. Re-enlisted with Captain 
Anderson. 

Philip Lenninger, private. See biography. 

F. R. Martin, lieutenant; enlisted June, 1861, in Gordon's company, 
Weightman's brigade, M. S. G. Battles — Carthage, Oakhill or Spring- 
field, Dry Wood, Lexington and Crane creek. Captured while sick at 
home. Released on oath. Went to Kentucky. Returned to Missouri and 
died May, 1867. 

E. D. Shannon, private; enlisted in 1864, under Captain Wood. Cut ofl' 
near Greenfield and surrendered. 

E. M. Stain, corporal; enlisted in 1864, in Captain Thomas Woodson. 
Battles — Little and Big Blue. Surrendered 1865. 

Robert J. Hendrick, private; enlisted 1864, in Marmaduke's escort. See 
roll. 

Thos.J. Gauldin, private; enlisted 1861, in Captain W. B. Brown's 
company. Discharged in September 1861. Re-enlisted in Robertson's 
recruits, but was not captured at Blackwater. Escaped, and joined Col- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 339 

onel Dave Shank's regiment, Shelby's brigade. Battles — Booneville. 
Lexington, Wilson's Creek, Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, Helena, Hartsville, 
Marshall, and in all the battles of Price's retreat, 186-i. Surrendered 1865. 

A. T. Irvine, private; enlisted iSOJr, in Marmaduke's escort. See roll. 

John W. Reynolds, private; enlisted in 1801, in Captain Ed. Brown's 
company, Parsons' division, M. S. G. Battles — Booneville, Dry Wood, 
Lexington. Re-enlisted in 1S64, in Marmaduke's escort. See roll. 

G. D. Tucker, 3rd, lieutenant; enlisted in captain Ed. Brown's company, 
Battles — Booneville, Wilson's Creek and Lexington. Re-enlisted, private, 
in 1864, in Marmaduke's escort. See roll. 

James C. Kitchen, private; enlisted in 1861, in Captain Ed. Brown's 
company. Re-enlisted in 1864, in company G, -Ith, Missouri cavalry. 
Battles — Booneville, Lexington, Tabo, Little aad Big Blue, Westport, and 
Newtonia. Surrendered in 1865. 

W. B. Dick, corporal; enlisted in June, 1861, in Capt. Crews' company. 
Re-enlisted in Robertson's recruits, December, 1861, but escaped when 
the command was captured at Blackwater. Battles — Booneville, Carthage, 
Drvwood, Wilson's Creek, and Lexington. 

Mark Whitaker, private; enlisted in Robertson's recruits, December, 

1861, and captured with them at Blackwater, December 19, 1861. 
Released on oath, March 14, 1862. 

John W. Guthrey, 2d corporal; enHsted May, 1861, first, in Capt. Ed. 
Brown's company, then in Capt. Ruxton's company C, Col. Robertson's 
regiment. Captured at Blackwater, December 19, 1861. Exchanged 

1862. Captured again at Lebanon, Tennessee, and held until war closed. 
L. H. Tucker, corporal; enhsted June, 1861, in Capt. Ed. Brow^n's 

company. Re-enHsted December, ] 861, in Robertson's recruits. Cap- 
tured at Blackwater. Released ono ath, 1862. Battles -Booneville, Dry 
Wood, and Lexington. 

Geo. Casebolt, company commissary; enlisted in the fall of 1864, in 
Nixon's company, Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. Transferred 
to Slayback's regiment. Battles — Independence, Newtonia. Surren- 
dered, 1865. 

Wm. H. Bowen, color -sergeant; enlisted in Robertson's recruits, 
December, 1861, and captured with them December 19, 1861. Released 
on oath, August, 1862. Died September 22, 1862. 

J. V. Davis, private; enlisted, October, 1864, Capt. Nixon's company, 
Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. Afterw^ard transferred to Edmon- 
son's company, 9th Missouri Infantry. In all the battles of Price's retreat. 
Surrendered in 1865. 

C. H. Davis, private; enlisted, October, 1864, in Nixon's company, 
Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. Afterward transferred to Edmon- 
son's company, 9th Missouri Infantry, same division. In all the battles of 
the retreat. Surrendered, 1865. 

John B. Davis, private; enlisted, 1861, in Robertson's recruits. Cap- 
tured on Blackwater, December 19, 1861. Exchanged, September, 1862. 
Rejoined the Confederate army. 

Thomas Evans, private; enlisted, 1862, in Quantrell's Partisan Rangers. 
Was in all Quantrell's battles and fights in Missouri, and in his last fight 
in Kentucky, where he was taken prisoner, and retained on charge of 
killing Lieutenant Cunningham, U. S. A., until 1866, when he was par- 



340 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

doned, and died soon after. While in prison, he was kept chained flat of 
his back. 

A.J. Caseboh, private; enlisted in the fall of 1864, in Nixon's company, 
Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. He was in all the battles of Price's 
retreat, in one of which his horse was shot from under him. Surrendered 
in 1865. 

Geo. M. Rider, private; enlisted, first, in Confederate army, fall of 
1861. Was captured near Warrensburg, and there enlisted in the U. S. 
A., and staid till the war was over. Was very young. Ran away to the 
army. 

John W. Evans, assistant surgeon; enlisted in 1861. Was in Gal- 
braith's company, Gordon's regiment, Shelb3''s brigade and division. Bat- 
tles — Lexington, Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Cor- 
inth and all Shelby's battles. Was captured in the fall of 1862, while on 
furlough. Was released as surgeon, after six months, and returned to his 
command. 

H. D. [Clay] Evans, lieutenant; enlisted in 1861. At home on furlough, 
December, 1861, was captured with Robertson's recruits at Blackwater. 
Exchanged at Vicksburg in 1862. Rejoined Shelby, company A, Gor- 
don's regiment, as lieutenant, and was in all the battles in which Shelby 
was engaged. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865; and died in the fall of 
1880. 

Hezekiah Smith, private; enlisted, 1864, in Galbraith's company, Gor- 
don's regiment, Shelby's command, C. S. A. Battles — Lexington, West- 
port and Newtonia. Was taken prisoner at the last mentioned battle, in 
1864, and sent to Rock Island, and was discharged at the end of the wan 
• James M. Evans, private; enlisted in 1861. Was in Galbraith's com- 
pany, and then Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division. Battles — Boone- 
ville, Lexington, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Corinth and in 
all Shelby's battles, until he was killed accidentally at Memphis, Ten- 
nessee, bv the discharge of his own pistol. 

Wm. ^f. Hutchess, private; enlisted in Saline Jackson Guards April, 1861. 
Re-enlisted in Robertson's recruits, and was captured December 19, 1861, 
at Blackwater. Re-enlisted imder Gen. Marmaduke, October, 186.3. 
Battles — Booneville and Lexington, and all of Marmaduke's battles after 
October, 1863. Surrendered, May, 1865. 

James M. Odell, private; enlisted in 1864, in Capt. Diver's company, 
Wood's regiment, Shelby's division, and was in all the fights and battles 
of the raid, from Waverly to Newtonia. 

John K. Lewis, private; enlisted in 1862, in Kirtly's company; after- 
wards in Marmaduke's body guard. See roll. Wounded in three places 
with piece of shell, and disabled for seven months, 

James P. Adams, private; enlisted in 1864, in Capt. Harris' company, 
Wood's battalion. In all the fights and battles of the great raid, from 
Independence to Newtonia. 

John B. Peterson, private; enlisted in 1861, in Emmerson's company, 
and captured with it at Blackwater. Was exchanged in 1862 and returned 
home. In 1862, re-enlisted in Capt. Jackson's company of cavalry, under 
Gen. Parsons. Was in the battles of Prairie Grove, Lone Jack, Little 
Rock, Helena, Mansfield,Camden, Jenkin's FeiTy. 

Austin Haynie, private; enlisted in 1861 in Robertson^s command, and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 341 

captured December 19, ISfil. Took the oath of loyalty at Alton, and 
returned home. In 1S62 re-enlisted in Capt. Elliott's company, Gordon's 
regiment, Shelby's brigade. Battles — Pennville, Prairie Grov^e, Harts- 
ville. Little Rock, Camden, Coon creek. Cove creek. 

Andrew J. Odell, private; enlisted October 1864:, in Diver's company. 
Wood's regiment, Shelby's division. Was in all the fights of Price's 
retreat from Glasgow to Newtonia. 

Richard E. Holmes, private; enlisted 1861, in Robertson's regiment of 
recruits, and captured December 19, 1861. Took oath of loyalty April, 
1862, and came home. 

W. S. Kinkead, private; enlisted in Capt. Emmerson's company, 
Robertson's recruits, but was not captured with the regiment at the 
Blackwater capture. In 1864 re-enlisted in Capt. Payne's company. 
Wood's regiment. In all the battles and fights of the Price raid, from 
Independence to Newtonia. 

W. I. Garnett, private; see biography. 

Robt. W. Garnett, private; enlisted in company E, Gordon's regiment, 
Shelby's division, October, 1864. In the long running fight of Price's 
retreat. Surrendered, 1865. 

William K. Smith, private; enlisted in M. S. G., in 1861. Re-enlisted 
in 1863, in company H, 10th Missouri cavalry, under Gen. Marmaduke. 
Battles — Pea Ridge, Jenkin's Ferry, Cane Hill and Pine Blufi'. Surren- 
dered, 1865. 

John Lynch, captain; enlisted" in Robertson's regiment of recruits. 
Taken prisoner December, 19, 1861. Was in the battle of Lexington. 

George W. Gilliam, private; 3d lieutenant. Enlisted in 1861, in com- 
pany G, Marmaduke's, afterward McCulloch's regiment, Gen. Forrest. 
See muster roll. 

Q. A. Thompson, private; enlisted in Col. Brown's regiment. Was 
captured in Robertson's recruits, December 19, 1861, and released from 
prison January 30, 1862. 

y Asa P. Thompson, private; enlisted June, 1861, in Sutherlin's company. 
Brown's regiment. Wounded in the shoulder at Big Blue, 1864, and 
died at Cane Hill two weeks after, November 6, 1864. 

James Eubank, 2d sergeant; see biography. 

Joseph P. Elliott, private 1861, 1st lieutenant 1862, and captain 1863. 
See biography. 

Richard G. Robertson, orderly sergeant. Enlisted in 1861. Paroled, 
January, 1865. See biography. 

James Thornton, private. Enlisted in Capt. Diver's company. Col. 
Wood's regiment in October, 1864. Was in the battles of Lexington, 
Big Blue, Independence, Newtonia and near Fort Scott. 

James K. Staples, private. Enlisted in Capt. Paul's company and Col. 
Wood's regiment, Shelby's division, in 1864. Unarmed and in no battles. 

John S. Staples, private. Enlisted in 1861, first in Capt. Brown's com- 
pany M. S. G.; again in 1864 in Col. Wood's regiment, Woodson's com- 
pany, Shelby's division. In battles of Booneville, Drywood and Lexing- 
ton. In last campaign was unarmed. 



342 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Isaiah Park, private. Enlisted in Col. Wood's regiment in 1864. Cap- 
tured and imprisoned at Rock Island. Released to come home. 

P. M. Thompson, captain. Enlisted in M. S. G. on Col. Dill's staff. 
Was at the battles of Drywood and Lexington. Captured at home in 
this county. 

George Willis, private. Enlisted in companv G., Williams' regiment, 
Shelby's division, 1864. In the battles of Booneville, Little and Big Blue, 
Independence and Westport. Surrendered in 1865. 

James Neff, private. Enlisted in 1861 in Capt. Brown's company. Col. 
McCuUough's regiment, Parsons' brigade. Battles — Booneville, Carthage 
and Springfield. See biography. 

John R. Moore, private. Enlisted in Emmerson's company, Robert- 
son's regiment of recruits. Captured, December 19, 1861. 

Wm. S. Durrett, private. Enlisted in company E, Gordon's regiment 
under Shelby in 1862. See biography. 

John M. Tennill, private; enlisted, 1861, in M. S. G. In 1862, re-en- 
listed in company E, 1st Missouri cavalry. Battles — Booneville, Lexing- 
ton, Dry Wood, Cape Giardeau, Wilson's Creek, Hartsville, and others. 
Badly wounded at Cape Giarardeau. Taken prisoner many times, but 
escaped. Surrendered in 1865. 

L. James Wilkes, private; started south with Robertson's recruits and 
captured, December 19, 1861, on Blackwater; taken to St. Louis and Alton 
and released on parole. Enlisted, November, 1863, in company E, 1st Mis- 
souri cavalry. Battles of Hickory Station, Ditch Bayou, Marks' Mills, 
Prairie De Ann, Little Mission, Big Blue, etc. Wounded and captured at 
Big Blue. 

Minor Major, private; 1861 to 1865. See biography. 

V. W. Dawson, private; enlisted, 1862, in Cuspin's company, Gordon's 
regiment. Captured at Helena and held seven months, and exchanged at 
Richmond; and joined 2d Missouri cavalry, in Sutherlin's company, 
1865. Battles — Wilson's Creek, Hartsville, Marshfield, Poison Spring, 
Marks' Mill, Marshall, Pine Bluff, Little Rock and Helena. Surrendered, 
1865. 

Wiley Fackler, Marmaduke's and Shelby's stafi; enlisted in July, 1861. 
Taken prisoner with iRobertson's recruits, December 19, 1861, and 
released on parole at Alton, Ills. Returned to the army, and on Marma- 
duke's staff. Again captured, but soon exchanged. Marmaduke's pro- 
vost-marshal. Wounded at Hartsville. Battles of Booneville, Hartsville, 
Springfield, and nearly all of the battles west of the river. Surren- 
dered in 1865. Afterward killed by the Indians on the plains. 

E. M. Brasher, major; volunteered in M. S. G. in Raines' divis- 
ion, then in Shelby's brigade C. S. A. Battles of Carthage, Wilson's 
Creek, Lexington, Hartville, Cape Girardeau, Helena, Marshal, Prairie 
Grove and Little Rock. Captured at Marshall, and held eleven months. 

A. C. Major, private; volunteered, and was captured in Robertson's 
recruits December 19, 1861, on Blackwater and taken to St. Louis, and 
then to Alton, Ills. Died in prison January, 1862, of congestion. 

Andrew W. Lynch, private; volunteered in M. S. G. In battles of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 343 

Wilson's Creek and Lexington. Captured December 19, 1S61, with 
Robertson's recruits on Blackwater. Taken to St. Louis and to Alton. 
Released on parole. Killed in 1863, by militia. 

John Paxton, private; enlisted in Elliott's company, 1st Missouri Cav- 
alry, 1864. In all the battles of Price's retreat south, 1864. Surren- 
dered June, 1865. 

A. C. Garnett, private; volunteered in M. S. G., in 1861, in Capt. Ed. 
Brown's company, and was in the battles of Booneville Drywood, Lex- 
ington, etc. Captured with Robertson's recruits December 19, 1861. 
Taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Ills., and released on parole. In 1862, 
enlisted in company E, 1st Missouri cavalry. In battles of Newtonia, 
Prairie Grove, Helena, Little Rock, Prairie DeAnn, Mark's Mills and all 
the fights of Price's last raid. 

Wm. L. Paxton, private; captured December 19, 1861, with Robert- 
son's recruits on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis and to Alton, 111. Releas- 
ed on taking oath in the spring of 1862. In 1862 enlisted in Elliott's 
company, 1st Missouri cavalry. Was in all the battles fought by Shelby 
after 1862. Surrendered, June, 1865. 

Dr. T. A. Martin, private; enlisted in Collin's famous battery, 1st Mis- 
souri cavalry in 1862, and was in all the battles in which Shelby was 
engaged, and surrendered June, 1865. 

Thomas J. Gauldin, private; volunteered in Capt. Wm. Brown's com- 
pany, M. S. G. in 1861, and on the 19th of December, 1861, was captured 
with Robertson's recruits on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis, and to Alton 
Ills. Released on parole in the spring of 1862, and in the fall of 1862, 
enlisted in company K, 8th Missouri cavalry, Shank's regiment, and in all 
the battles engaged in by Shelby after the fall of 1862. Surrendered, 
June, 1865. 

James M. Gauldin, private; enlisted in 1864, in Shelby's division, and 
was in all the battles of Price's retreat south; surrendered, June, 1865. 

John A. Gilliam, private; captured, December 19, 1861, with Robert- 
son's recruits on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis, and died in prison of 
measles. 

S. C. Mead, private; enlisted in Confederate army, 1864. Battles — 
Westport, Big Blue, Mine creek; surrendered at Shreveport, 1865. 

Jos. W. Liggett, private; enlisted in Second Missouri cavalry, February, 
1862. Battles — Booneville, Pea Ridge, Corinth, luka, Lexington. Sur- 
rendered, 1865. 

A. W. Yager, orderty sergeant; enlisted under Gen. Shelby, in 1864. 
Battles — Lexington and Westport. Surrendered, May, 1865. 

Thos. T. Major, orderly sergeant; volunteered in Crews' company. May, 
1861; discharged, September, 1861. Battles — Carthage and Wilson 
creek, where he was captured, but escaped. 

E. S. Carpenter, private; captured on Blackwater with Robertson's 
recruits; taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois. Released on taking 
the oath, and came home. 

Noel Chamberlain, private; enlisted in 1864 in Marmaduke's escort 
company. Battles of Lexington, Little Blue, Westport, Little Osage, 
Newtonia, etc. Surrendered, 1865. 



34-i HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Wm. Montgomery, private; enlisted in 1862 in Shelby's old regiment, 
1st Missouri Cavalry. Battles of Big and Little Blues, etc. Deserted 
Price and returned home, and joined company A, Capt. Crane. 

J. N.Johnson, private; enlisted under Shelby in 1862. In several skir- 
mishes. Taken prisoner in Arkansas. 

B. S.Johnson, private; enlisted under Shelby in 18(52. Was in several 
skirmishes. Taken prisoner, and died near Springfield. 

C. C. Wingfield, private; enlisted in 1864 in Col. Wood's regiment. 
Battles of Lexington, Big and Little Blues, Westport, Little Osage, and 
Newtonia. Captured at Newtonia and taken to Rock Island. Released 
at the surrender. 

J. S. Burke, private. Captured on Blackwater, December 19, 1861, 
with Robertson's recruits, taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois, and 
released on oath in 1862. Re-enlisted in 186-1: in Col. Wood's regiment, 
under Shelb}'. Battles — Big and Little Blues and in all the battles of 
Price's retreat. 

Thos. B. Mclntire, 2d lieutenant, was first under Gen. Price, then under 
Gen. Joe. E. Johnson. Battles — Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth, luka, 
Grand Gulf, Champion Hill, Big Black, and taken prisoner at the siege of 
Vicksburg, and held for eighteen months. 

Chas. W. Downes, private; enlisted in 1864 in Capt. Divers' company. 
Woods' battalion. Battles — Lexington, Independence, Big and Little 
Blues and Westport, where he received a flesh wound in right shoulder — 
not serious. 

Patrick Cooney, private; enlisted, 1864, company C, Col. Crisp's reg- 
iment. Battles — Lexington, Big and Little Blues, Independence, West- 
port and Newtonia. 

John H. Stephens, private; enlisted, 1864, in Capt. Elliott's company, 
1st Missouri cavalry. Was at the battles of Independence, Blues, West- 
port and Newtonia, but being unarmed, took no active part. 



FEDERAL, OR UNION, SOLDIERS' RECORD. 

COMPANY B, SEVENTH REGIMENT MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 

Most ai this company were from Lafayette county, but the captain, 
with a few of the men, were ft^om Saline, as follows: 

Captain — Richard L. Ferguson. 

Corporal — Jno. L. Williams. 

Privates — Herman Borgstadt, David Bell, Moses Fist, Julius Starche, 
Marion J. Scott, Joseph T. Carmach, Wm. L. Blakely, Jno. S. Heavlin, 
Jno. M. Logsdon, Fritz Pauling, Thos. F. Briles, Peter Mires, August 
Ohlslager. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 345 

This company was in all the battles with Shelby, from the summer of 
1863, inclusive, until Gen. Price's army was finally ejected from the state, 
in 1864. 

COxMPANY H, SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. E. M. M. 

George Bingham, captain; commissioned December 12, 1863; discharged 
March 12, 1865. 

T. D. Potter, 1st lieutenant. 

F. M. Sappington, 2nd lieutenant; commissioned December 12, 1863; 
discharged March 12, 1865. 

John Wall, 1st sergeant; W. F. Porter, 2nd sergeant; J. M. Alexander, 
3rd sergeant; M. B. Hancock, ith sergeant; John Neal, 5th sergeant. 

D. A. Jackson, 1st corporal; R. Lenard, 2nd corporal; F. H. Moore. 
3rd corporal; H. C. Powell, 4th corporal; H. W. Filley, 5th corporal; M. 
Shreckler, 6th corporal; E. A. Stof^er, 7th corporal; S. H. Green, 8th 
corporal. 

Privates.— V^. H. Ancell, J. M. Alexander, T. J. Allen, E. Ancell, R. 
H. Allen, John Allen, Hugh G. Allen, W. P. Bingham, F. M. Brown, 
Phil Buck, A. H. Butt, G. C. Barnes, G. Brown, Jas. Baker, Wm. Batie, 
E. K. Chase, G. W. Cott, S. P. Collins, H. C. Cassy, J. Y. Coiner, E. 
Dickerson, C. H. Daniels, S. M. Dille, C. F. Denis, Geo. Epperson, T. P. 
Epperson, Jesse Epperson, J. Y. Finley, G. A. Feyer, J. P. Finley, W. 
H. Finley, A. J. Green, R. M. Grant, J. P. T. Hood, S. Hopkins, T. J. 
Haley, Louis Haley, Wm. Hedger, B. H. Hawpe, B. Johnson, G. W. 
Johnson, Joseph Johnson, John Jackson, John Johnson, M. Checoba, Y. 
Jackson, E. Keyton, J. C. Kirtley, W. B. Hayes, T. R. Lawless, H. S. Myers, 
John F. Merrel, W. Murphy, W. R. McAlister, D. W. Marmaduke, F. 
Myers, G. McFarland, P. C^ Porter, R. A. Hickolds, W. A. Parke, Geo. 
Pistol, B. R. Piper, John Rardan, H. M. Ringold, W. H. Stacy, W. P. 
Soper, W. H. Stoufier, W. C. Thurman, J. G. Todd, W. B. Taylor, J. M. 
Willhite. 

MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F, 71ST REGIMENT E. M. M. 
A. Burnsides, captain, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
W. P. Hunter, 1st lieutenant, resigned April 4, 1863. < 

G. S. Burnsides, 2d lieutenant, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
F. F. Audley, 1st sergeant, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
W. A. Burnsides, 2d sergeant, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

» — McLaughlin, 3d sergeant, relieved from dut}- April 7, 1863. 
H. H. Renick, 4th sergeant, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
O. B. Gwinn, com. sergeant, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
Sam Huffman, 1st corporal, relieved from duty April, 7, 1863. 
J. H. Robinson, 2d corporal, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 



346 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

G. W. Teter, 3d corporal, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
F. E. May, 4th corporal, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
T. Tilman, 5th corporal, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

E. Audley, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
John Armstrong, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
W. J. Bitde, relieved from duty December 23, 1862. 

F. Carter, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
R. E. Carter, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

D. L. Cameron, relieved from duty November 5, 1862. 
Ab. Chron, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

H. Clark, relieved from duty December 23, 1862. 
Wm. Clark, not ordered into service. 
F. Chapman, discharged for disability. 

A. L. Davis, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 
Thomas Dudley, relieved from duty April 1, 1863. 
N. Dille, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

George Erwin, relieved from duty December 23, 1862. 
James Elson, reheved from duty December 23, 1862. 
Eug. Earls, relieved from duty December 23, 1862. 
Jo. Edwards, paid com'n tax. 

B. Feehere, died January 19, 1863. 

J. J. Ferril, discharged December 19, 1862. Elected county judge. 

E. Goodman. 

John Harris, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

M. Harris, died November 11, 1862. 

H. C. Harris, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

Stephen Harris, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

H. Hughes, discharged December 23', 1862. 

Wm. Hyland, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

T. E. Hisler, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

John Hatton, deserted December 24, 1863. 

Jo. Hoffman, not ordered into active service. 

B. W. Johnson, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

D. Jackson, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

Robert Jackson, discharged for disability January 15, 1863. 

Ab. Jackson, reheved from duty April 7, 1863. 

James Kelly, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

M. F. Kirby, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

W. T. Lemon, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 

D. P. Lemon, exempt for disability. 

T. J. Lemon, exempt for disability. 

D. Little, not ordered into service. 

Steph. May field, died February 17, 1863. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 347 



Andrew Mayfield, relieved from dut}', April 7, 1863. 
Jac. Ma3'field, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
John Mayfield, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
J. W. McMahan, died, December 21, 1862. 
B. McMahan, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
James McRoberts, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
Lentz Mullins, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
D. Martin, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Isaac Massey, deserted, December 24, 1863. 
Thomas Moore, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
M. Mistier, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
J. W. Musick, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
J. Milsaps, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
H. Mayfield, not ordered into service. 
Robert McKittock, not ordered into service. 
Wm. Nye, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Jo Pittman, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
F. Pittman, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
A. J. Pruit, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
Wm. Parsons, transferred, November 20, 1862. 
John Ricehouse, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
W. S. Renick, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
—J. C. Rogers, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Wm. Roe, not ordered into service. 
Chris Speck, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
John Stephens, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
A. J. Seaman, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
A. Sullivan, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Ben Sullivan, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
J. C. Seltner, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
W. R. Skidmore, discharged, December 24, 1862. 
Ira Tilman, discharged, September 20, 1862. 
Joe Tilman, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
W. H. Thompson, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Charles Ulrey, no note. 

Ash Warren, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
D. Weeden, discharged, November 20, 1862. 
John White, relieved from duty, April 7, 1863. 
Morgan Welsh, discharged, December 23, 1862. 
H. R. Weeden, discharged, September 9, 1862. 
R. F. Young, discharged, November 6, 1862. 
H. Young, discharged, November 6, 1862. 
M. Zimmerman, relieved from duty April 7, 1863. 



348 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY G, 71ST E. M. M. 

Wm. L. Corum, captain, relieved from duty, December 21, 1862. 
J. R. Fulkerson, 1st lieutenant, relieved from duty, April 3, 1863. 
William H. Browning, 2d lieutenant, relieved from duty, April 3, 1863. 
John A. Fulkerson, 1st sergeant, relieved from duty, April 3, 1863. 
S. C. Aulger, 2d sergeant, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
Jno. Carmett, 3d sergeant, relieved from duty November 30, 1862. 
Wm. C. Thompson, 4th sergeant, relieved from duty, November 30, 
1862. 

I. N. Wood, 5th sergeant, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
G. W. Wood, 1st corporal, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
W. P. Lindsay, 2d corporal, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
I. N. Patterson, 3d corporal, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
S. B. Harrison, 4th corporal, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
-'S. B. Holland, 5th corporal, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
E. H. Fulkerson, 6th corporal, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
Pete Akeman, private, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
B. Aulger, private, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
M. Aulger, private, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
J. S. Aulger, private, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
J. Buck, private, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 

E. Browning, private, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
J. D. Billingsby, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 

A. M. Bouldin, relieved from duty, November, 30, 1862. 
Chas. Bishop, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
L. Carey, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 

W. R. Carr, relieved from duty, April, 5, 1863. 
W. H. Channey, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

F. Campbell, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
W. D. Carmack, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
S. C. Carey, relieved from duty, February 20, 1862. 

M. F. Cook, no note. 

B. G. Doyle, relieved from duty, November 20, 1862. 
J. W. Davis, relieved from duty, December 23, 1862. 
P. Duffey, relieved from duty, December 23, 1862. 
Aug. Deerking, relieved from duty, December 23, 1862. 
I. W. Elsea, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

T. C. Elliott, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
Jas. Friell,'relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
N. Graham, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
P. Hagan, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 349 

J. W. Hayse, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
W. R. Hayse, relieved from duty, November 30, 1862. 
W. J. Highly, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
W. H, Harrison, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
Jo. Hicks, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
Jo. Havelin, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
G. W. Harris, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
T. D. Harris, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
A. P. Harris, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

F. Y. Harris, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
W. D. Harris, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
A. J. Harris, relieved from dut}^ Oct. 14, 1862. 
E. Harmon, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

W. W. Harmon, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
• W. M. Haggard, relieved from duty, Nov; 30, 1862. 
J. P. Hook, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 
E. Herndon, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 
E. Havelin, relieved from duty, April ,5, 1863. 
AVm. Huflman, relieved from duty, Nov. 19, 1862. 
W. A. Hulse, relieved from duty, Nov. 20, 1862. 
Allen Jackson, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 

G. W. Johnson, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
Wm. Jackman, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 
Dan. Kerr, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 

I. Langley, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
vE. B. Laughlin, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863.~ 
R. F. Laughlin, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
Jno. Lynch, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
Jno. D. iMcKown, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
J. T. Mooney, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
W. Milson, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
U. Mayse, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
W. G. Mayse, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
A. McAllister, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
M. Nolan, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
J. R. Owens, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 
Chas. Philips, relieved from duty, Dec. 23, 1862. 
M. E. Somers, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
P. Shindoff, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
L. R. Smith, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
J. L. Small, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

C. H. Schirich, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 

D. Spotts, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 



350 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

J. M. Scott, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 186-2. 

B. B. Thomas, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 
H. H. Taylor, relieved from duty. Nov. 30, 1862. 
Wm. Trease, relieved from duty, Nov. 30, 1862. 

^ J. W. Worts, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

W. T. Woodward, relieved from duty, April 5, 1863. 

T. A. Weller, relieved from duty, Oct. 14, 1862. 

COMPANY F., SEVENTH REGIMENT, M. S. M., U. S. A. 

John F. Philips, colonel; Thomas T. Crittenden, lieutenant colonel; 
Benjamin H. Wilson, captain; R. J. Learning, 1st lieutenant; John S. 
Crane, 2d lieutenant 

Privates. — W. J. Fulkerson, John V. Fulkerson, E. H. Fulkerson, T. B. 
Fulkerson, Ab. Gwinn, W. A. Gwinn, G. H. Hyland, Dan Wilhite, Ab. 
Wilhite, R. M. Maupin, L. T. Maupin, Thomas W. Taylor, Isaac Tay- 
lor, James Riley, Mike Ryan, Pat. McKenna, Adam H. Butt, Marion 
Bellville, Tom Scheuvcrant^ N. F. McMahan, G. W. Hood, L. A. Hagan, 
W. S. Akers, Jno. Brisbois, T. J. Jackman, Wm. H. Masters, Thos. F. 
Miller, W. L. Crane, Jas. Ferrill, J. D. Claycombe, W. R. Aulger, Berry 
Aulger, Anderson Aulger, Wm. Aulger, Thomas Ray, Martin Mistier, 
Jno. White, Wm. Price, W. H. T. Price, Ed. Laughlin, Frank Tickemeyer, 
Isaac M. Wood, Jno. L. Aulger, John Linte, Tom Moonon, Tim Durgen, 
Jno. Stacey, Wm. Theobalds, Jos. Pittman, Anthony Gerhard, Chris 
Miller. 

FEDERAL— MISCELLANEOUS. 

Wm. L. Beatie, private; enlisted in 71st regiment, E. M. M.,Feb., 1862. 

C. H. Parker, private; corporal, sergeant, enlisted August 9, 1862, 
under Captain Love, discharged June, 1865. Battles — Lone Jack, Prairie 
Grove, Van Buren, Brownville, Kentucky, etc. Taken prisoner b}' guer- 
rillas, 1863. 

E. H. Fulkerson, sergeant; enlisted in Captain Wilson's company, 7th 
regiment, M. S. M., August, 1863. Discharged, May, 1865. Battles- 
Independence, Big Blue, Mine Creek. 

F. A. Eyers, private; enHstedin Captain Kaiser's, M. S. M., 1862. Dis- 
charged, 1865. 

Wm. S. Renick, private; enlisted in Burnside's company, 1862, 71st 
regiment, E. M. M. Broke up, 1863. 

J. C. Keithley, private; enlisted in Bingham's company, H, August 1, 
1862. Discharged, December, 1862. 

Wm. H. Finley, private; enlisted September, 1862, in 1st Missouri cav- 
alry. Discharged in November, 1862. 

J. H. Montgomery, 1st lieutenant; in company H, 1st Missouri infantry, 
October, 1862. Wounded in action. Discharged, June, 1864. Battles — 
Gaines' Landing, Mansfield, etc. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. " 351 

John p. Finle}', private; enlisted September, 1862, company A, Tlst 
E. M. M. 

J. Y. Finley, private; enlisted August, 180'2, company A, Tlst E. M. M. 
Discharged, December, 1863. 

Thomas B. Finley, private; enlisted August, 1862, in tirst Missouri cav- 
alry. Battles — Pea Ridge. 

R. S. Allen, private; enlisted August, 1862, 1st Missouri cavalry, U. S. 
A. Discharged, 1865. 

Henry Crits, private; enlisted in 1863, company A, Tlst E. M. M. 
Captured. Discharged, December, 1863. 

O. D. Finley, private; enlisted August, 1862, in E. M. M. cavalry. Dis- 
charged, 1863. 

Fred Pittman, private; enlisted in 1863, in Captain Corum's company, 
E. M. M. Died at home in Saline, 18T3. 

Joseph Pittman, private; enlisted, I860, in Capt. Wilson's company, 7th 
regiment, M. S. M. In all the battles with Price's raid. Discharged, 1865. 

W. B. Hays, private: enlisted in Capt. Bingham's company, and taken 
prisoner by Gen. Clark, at Glasgow. 

Wm. Dawson, private; enlisted in E. M. M., 1862. Discharged, 1864. 

William Nye, private; or sergeant; enHsted in Tlst E. M., 1862. Trans- 
ferred to 5th Prov. regiment, 1863. With Captain Bingham, in Home 
Guards, 1864. Escaped from Glasgow, when bombarded by Shelby, 
1864. 

W. B. Cooper, 1st orderly sergeant; enlisted 1861, company H, Capt. 
Bingham, Tlst Regiment E. M. M. Taken prisoner at Glasgow, 1864. 

George W.Johnson, private; enHsted 1862, in company G, Capt. Corum, 
Tlst Regiment E. M. M. In several skirmishes. 

Thomas D. Parks, private; enlisted September, 1864, in company C, 
45th Regiment Missouri Volunteer infantry. Died of typhoid fever in 
St. Louis, March, 1865. 

A. Burnsides, captain; enlisted 1861. See muster roll of company. 

G. S. Burnsides, 1st lieutenant and captain company E, Tlst E. M. M., 
and of company 5, Missouri Prov. Regiment; enlisted August, 1862. 
Discharged 1863. See roster. Lone Jack, battle of. 

H. B. Tickemeyer, private; enlisted August, 1862, in company F, Tth 
Regiment M. S. M. Battles of Prairie Grove, Little Rock, Saline River, 
&c. 

J. W. Wood, corporal company G, Tlst regiment E. M. M. 
' U. H. Reavis, private; enlisted July, 1864, in 45th Missouri Volunteer 
infantry. Discharged March, 1865. 

F. Tickemeyer, private; enlisted 1862, company F, Tth M. S. M. Cap- 
tured at Glasgow; sent to St. Louis; took the oath, and came home. 



352 ' HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Abraham Rumans, private; enlisted 1862, in 5th M. S. M., then in com- 
pany I, 12th M. S. M. Battles of Nashville and Frankfort. 

John N. Browning, private; enlisted 1862, company F, 7th Missouri 
Cavalry Volunteers. Discharged 1865. Battles of Lone Jack, Prairie 
Grove, Springfield, Pea Ridge, Pine Bluff, &c. 

Wm. L. Grain, 1st sergeant; enlisted 1862 in company F, 7th M. S. M. 
Battles of Fayetteville, Booneville, Jefferson City, Big Blue and Mine Run. 

Michael Cook, private; enlisted 1862, company H, 71st E. M. M. 
Re-enlisted company E, 9th M. S. M., 1863. Discharged 1865. 

Fehx Cook, private; enlisted 1863, company E, 71st E. M. M. Battles 
of Independence, Big Blue, Mine Creek, Pawnee Creek. 

Samuel H. Green, private; enlisted 1862, company E, 71st E. M. M. 
Discharged 1862. 

Elihu Green, private; enlisted 1862, company E, 7lst E. M. M. Dis- 
charged 1862; ruptured. 

Moses Harris, private; enlisted 1862, company E, 71st E. M. M. Died 
in Marshall, November, 1862. 

John S. Burnsides, corporal; enlisted, 1861, company L, 9th Missouri 
cavalry volunteers. Battles — Prairie Grove, Cross Hollows, Marks 
Mills, Saline River, etc. Discharged, 1865. 

Benj. Sullivan, private; enlisted in company H, 9th M. S. M. Bat- 
tles — Fayette, Ft. Scott, Lexington, Independence, Little and Big Blues, 
Newport, Newtonia, etc. Discharged, 1865. 

John Harris, private; enlisted, 1862, company E, 71st E. M. M. 

J. T. Cooper, private, enlisted, 1863, company A, 18th Mo. Inf. vol. 

John Keeton, private; enlisted, 1864, M. S. M., died in Memphis, of 
measles. 

John Kaul, corporal; enlisted, 1861, 2d Mo. Vols. See biography. 

Pleasant Dickerson, private; enlisted, 1862, company D, 7th M.S. M. 
Discharged in 1865, battle of Wilson Creek. 

Leonard Dickerson, sergeant, same. 

Laban Dickerson, private, same. 

Patrick Duffey, private; enlisted, 1861, company H, 71st E. M. M. 
Discharged in 1864. Battles — Glasgow. 

Thaddeus Miller, orderly sergeant; enlisted, 1S62, in companies G and 
H, 71st E. M. M. Battles— Glasgow. Discharged in 1864. 

W. L. Corum, captain; enlisted, 1862, company G, 71st E. M. M. Com- 
pany retired, October, 1863. 

John E. King, private; enlisted, 1864, company F, 7th M. S. M. 

T. C. Elliott, sergeant; enlisted, 1862, company G., 71st E. M. M. Bat- 
tles, Glasgow. Discharged, 1865. 

Wm. A. S. Highland, fourth sergeant; enlisted, company E, 71st E. M. 
M. Regiment disbanded, 1863. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 353 

Godfrey Eberle, private ; enlisted August 9, 1862, 7th regiment. Dis- 
charged, June, 1865. Captured at Mark's Mills. 

Robt. E. Carter, private; enlisted, August 9, 1861, 7th M. S. M. Lost 
his arm at battle of Big Blue. 

Claris Kiel, private; enlisted, company Q, 7th M.S. M., 1862. Dis- 
charged, 1865, June. 

Charles Pittman, private; enlisted in Bingham's company, 1861. 

A. Royar, Sr., private; enlisted in company I, 5th Missouri Home 
Guards. Again, 1863, in 7th M. S. M. 

R. S. Sandidge, 2d sergeant; enlisted in company E, 7th regiment M. 
S. M. Was captured at Prairie Grove, 1862, and escaped soon after. 
Promoted to captaincy, but never mustered in. 

Marquis Ferguson, private; enlisted in company E, 7th regiment, M. 
S. M., and was killed near Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in 1863. 

Andrew Yokely, private; enlisted in company E, 7th regiment, M. S. 
M. Killed at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in 1863. 

James Siceleff, private; enlisted in company E, 7th regiment, M. S. M. 
Died in 1864. 

Hickman, private ; enlisted in compan}^ E, 7th regiment, M. S. M. 

Discharged in 1865. 

Jonathan x\llison, private; enlisted in company E, 7th regiment, M. S. 
M. .Discharged in July, 1865. 



RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD, AND POLITICAL EVENTS 

TO THE PRESENT. 

The period of time that intervened between the closing of the war, in 
April, 1865, and November, 1870, in Missouri, and 1876 in the Gulf states, 
is generally known as the " Reconstruction period ." The surrender of the 
Confederate armies, in the spring of 1865, left the states known as the 
Confederate States, under military government; and either one of two 
courses was open to the United States government, in its dealings with 
the states so lately in rebellion. One was, to carry out the terms upon 
which Gen. Sherman had received the surrender of Johnston's army, 
restoring the southern states to their forfeited places and rights in the 
Union, or to take them (as they had been) overthrown by the war, to dis- 
franchise those engaged in rebellion, and to enter upon a plan of recon- 
struction. 

The first, it is claimed, was the plan favored by President Lincoln, and 
the plan that would have been adopted had he lived. Had such a plan 
been adopted, the "solid south" would then never have been known in 
23 



354 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



party history. But President Lincoln yielded up his kindly life in the 
very hour of his s^reat triumph, and the direction of affairs passed into 
other and less kindly hands. The terms of the Johnston surrender were 
repudiated, and the f:fovernment entered upon a regular plan of recon- 
struction and rehabitation of southern states. 

Missouri, it is true, did not come under this classification exactly. The 
general government inaugurated the reconstruction of the Confederate 
states proper, while the state government established reconstruction in 
Missouri. During the ver}^ days of the surrender, the constitutional con- 
vention of Missiouri was in session, and the constitution then adopted, dis- 
franchised all who were in sympathy with the south and the Confederate 
states. 

Under the Gamble regime^ in the election canvass of 1862, secession 
had already perished as an issue, except in certain localities. All candi- 
dates for office, and nearly all who attempted to vote, professed loyalty to 
the Federal government. The legislature elected this year was overwhelm- 
ingly loyal, and proceeded at once, January, 1863, to elect U. S. senators 
in the places of Trusten Polk and Waldo P. Johnson, whom the senate 
had expelled for disloyalty. 

County officials were also elected this year under the Gamble provis- 
ional government; and, in Saline, as elsewere in the state, parties began 
to assume the names of " conservative " and " radical." 

The election for congress, state senate, representative, count}- judge, 
sheriff, county treasurer, and coroner, was as follows: 





CONGRESS. 


STATE SEN. 


REPRE- 
SENT. 


J.J.Ferrill | 


sh'riff 


CO. 
TR. 


COR. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


S 


bJ3 

c 

< 
< 


o 


o 

^158 


c 


73 

c 


s 

o 
U 


o 

Oh 


l-H 






Marshall, ' • 


95 


72 


8 


11 




165 




125 


70 


lol 


104 


91 


Jefferson, 


•15 


23 


20 


69 


2 


2 


32 


48 


47 


65 


11 


44 


58 


Miami, 


24 
73 


47 

2 


4 


32 


2 


34 


63 

67 




69 
29 


23 

76 


41 
4 


53 
21 


48 


Arrow Rock, . . . 


19 


Saline Cit}-, 


1 




12 


9 






9 




9 


12 


. . 


7 




Salt Pond, 


5 


34 


6 


47 


28 


2 


78 




59 


9 


67 


67 


59 


Blackwater 


31 




5 


31 


1 


3 


27 




19 


31 


3 


17 


18 


Totals 


274 


183 


52 


412 


44 


41 


441 


48 


357 


316 


227 


315 


291 



As will be seen by the foregoing table, W. L. Corum was elected to the 
lower house of the general assembly, J. J. Ferrill, county judge; B. H. 
Hawpe, sheriff'; P. E. Maupin, coroner; and J. C. Keithley treasurer. At 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 355 

* 

this time J. R. Benyman was clerk of the count}- court by appointment 
of Gov. Hall. Civil law and processes were maintained to a great extent 
during the next two years, notwithstanding the prevalence of martial law, 
and the presence of the military in the county. 

In 1863, there was a warm canvass between the "conservative" and 
"radical" parties for the judges of the supreme court elected that year. 

The radicals nominated H. A. Clover, Arnold Krekel, and David 
Wagner. The conservatives, without regular nomination, voted for 
Barton Bates, W. V. N. Bay and J. D. S. Dryden. Judges Bates, Bay 
and Dryden, were elected, Saline voting for them. 

At the adjourned term of the legislature, November, 1863, an act was 
passed submitting the call of a constitutional convention to the people at 
the next election, November, 1864. In these elections of 1862, 1863, and 
1864, the vote of county, as well as of the state, was very small, the appli- 
cation of even so mild a test oath as that to support the constitution of the 
United States, had cut ofl' nearly all the southern sympathizers, not 
already in the army. Between four and five hundred votes being all that 
were cast. 

At the election in 1S64, which was national, state and county, county 
officials were elected, and the proposition for a convention voted on. The 
records contain no table of this election. The convention carried by a 
small majority in the state. P.W.Thompson was elected county judge; 
P. E. Maupin, county clerk; and J. R. Berryman, circuit clerk. 

At the election of delegates to the convention, F. M. Fulkerson was 
elected delegate from this district, and the convention assembled on the 
6th of January, 1865. Judge Fulkerson was elected by the "Radical" 
party, and was, of course, in full sympathy with their views. The origi- 
nal design of the callers-of this convention, known in history as the " Drake 
Convention," was only to pass certain amendments to the existing consti- 
tution, but soon after its first assembling, the convention determined to 
make a new constitution in toto. 

One of the first acts of the convention was to abolish slavery in Mis- 
souri; the next was to fix the qualifications of voters, by the passage of 
the famous III section, and the test oath of loyalty founded on it, which 
were as follows: 

OATH OF LOYALTY. 
ART II — RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. 

Section III. At any election held by the people under this constitution, 
or in pursuance of any law of this state, or any ordinance or by-law of any 
municipal corporation, no person shall be deemed a qualified voter, who 
has ever been in armed hostility to the United States, or to the lawful 
authorities thereof, or to the goverement of this state, or has ever given 
aid, comfort, countenance, or support to persons engaged in any such 



356 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

hostility; or has ever in any manner, adhered to the enemies, foreign or 
domestic, of the United States, either by contributing to them, or by unlaw- 
fully sending within their lines money, goods, letters, or information ; or has 
ever disloyally held communication with such enemies, or has ever advised, 
or aided any person to enter the service of such enemies; or has ever, by 
act or word, manifested his adherence to the cause of such enemies, or his 
desire for their triumph over the armies of the United States, or his sym- 
pathy with those engaged in exciting or carr3'ing on rebellion against the 
United States; or has ever, except under overpowering compulsion, sub- 
mitted to the authority, or been in the service of the so-called " Confeder- 
ate States of America;" or has ever left this state, and gone within the 
lines of the armies of the so-called " Confederate States of America" with 
the purpose of adhering to said states or armies, or has ever been a mem- 
ber of, or connected with, any order, society, or organization inimical to 
to the government of the United States, or to the government of this state; 
or has ever been engaged in guerrilla warfare against loyal inhabitants of 
the United States, or in that description of marauding commonly known 
as "bushwhacking;" or has ever knowingly or willingly harbored, aided, 
or countenanced any person so engaged; or has ever come into, or has 
ever left this state for the purpose of avoiding enrollment for, or draft into 
the military serviceof the United States; or has ever, with a view to avoid 
enrollment in the militia of this state, or to escape the performance of dut}' 
therein, or for any other purpose, enrolled himself, or authorized himself 
to be enrolled, by or before any officer as disloyal or as a southern sym- 
pathizer, or in any other terms indicating his disaffection to the govern- 
ment of the United States in its contest with the rebellion, or his sympathy 
with those engaged in such rebellion, or having ever voted at any election 
by the people in this state, or in any other of the United States, or in any 
of their territories, or held office in this state, or any other of the United 
States, or in any of their territories, or under the United States, shall there- 
after have sought or received, under claim of alienage, the protection of 
an}' foreign government, through any consul, or other officer thereof, in 
order to secure exemption from military duty in the mihtia of this state 
or in the army of the United States; nor shall any such person be capable 
of holding in this state any office of honor, trust, or profit under its author- 
ity; or of being any officer, councilman, director, trustee, or other man- 
ager of any corporation, public or private, now existing, or hereafter estab- 
lished by its authority; or of acting as a professor or teacher in an}^ educa- 
tional institution, or in any common or other school; or of holding any real 
estate or any property in trust for the use of church, religious society, or 
congregation. 

But the foregoing provisions in relation to acts done against the United 
States, shall not apply to any person not a citizen thereof, who shall have 
committed such acts while in the service of some foreign country at war 
with the United States, and who has, since such acts, been naturalized, or 
may hereafter be naturalized under the laws of the United States; and the 
oath of loyalty hereafter prescribed, when taken by any such person, shall 
be considered as taken in such sense. 

VI. The oath to be taken, as aforesaid, shall be known as the oath of 
loyalty, and shall be in the following terms: 

"I, A. B., do solemnly swear that I am well acquainted with the terms 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 357 

of the third section of the second article of the constitution of tlie state of 
Missouri, adopted in the year 1865, and have carefully considered the 
same ; that I have never, directly or indirectly, done any of the acts in said 
section specitied; that I have always been truly and loyally on the side of 
the United States, against all enemies thereof, foreign ancl domestic; that 
I will bear true faith and allegiance to the United States, and will support 
the constitution and laws thereof as the supreme law of the land, any law 
or ordinance of any state to the contrary notwithstanding: that I will, to the 
best of my ability, protect and defend the Union of the United States, and 
not allow the same to be broken up and dissolved, or the government 
thereof to be destroyed or overthrown, under any circumstances, if in my 
power to prevent it; that I will support the constitution of the state of 
Missouri, and that I make this oath without any mental reservation or 
evasion, and hold it to be binding on me." 

Under this section, no person was permitted to practice law% or be a 
minister of the gospel, or print, or to teach, or to preach, or to perform 
the marriage service, without first taking the oath of loyalty. The final 
vote in the convention on the third section, and the test oath, was as fol- 
lows : 

Ayes — Messrs. Barr, Bonham, Bunce, Childers, Clover, Davis of Nod- 
away, Dodson, Drake, Esther, Folmsbee, Fulkerson, Gamble, Gilbert of 
Lawrence, Henderson, Holsworth, Holland (now a citizen of Marshall, 
Saline county), Hume, King, Leonard, McKernan, McPherson, Mack, 
Smith of Mercer, Smith of Worth, Strong, Sutton, Swearingen, Weath- 
erby, Williams of Caldwell, and Williams of Scotland — 30. 

Noes — Messrs. Bedford, Bush, Holcomb, Linton, Meyer, Rohrer, and 
Switzler— 7. 

Absent— 24. 

The second section of the article on the executive is as follows: 

Sec. 2. The governor shall be at least thirty-five years old, a white 
male citizen of the United States ten years, and a resident of the state of 
Missouri seven years next before his election. 

While this section was under consideration, March 8, 1865, Mr. (now 
Dr.) Holland, of Henry (now of Saline), moved to strike out the 
words "white male," w^hich was lost b}^ a tie vote, as follows: 

Ayes — Messrs. Badd, Bush, D'Ooult, Drake, Ellis, Evans, Filley, Fos- 
ter, Gilbert of Lawrence, Holcomb, Holland, Husmann, King, Linton, 
McKernan, McPherson, Meyer, Nixdorf, Owens, Rohrer, St. Gem, 
Thilenius, Williams of Caldwell, Williams of Scotland, and Mr. President 
(Krekel)— 25. 

Noes — Messrs. Bonham, Bunce, Childress, Clover, Cowden, Davis of 
New Madrid, Davis of Nodaway, Dodson, Fletcher, Folmsbee, Fulker- 
son, Gamble, Henderson, Holdsworth, Hume, Mack, Martin, Newgent, 
Peck, Rankin, Smith of Mercer, Strong, Sutton, Swearingen, and Switz- 
ler— 25. 

Absent— 13. 

A similar proposition was made by Mr. Husman, of Gasconade, March 



358 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

11, to Strike out the words "white males," in sections three and live, in 
the article on the legislative department, whereby any person, white or 
black, male or female, would be eligible to a seat in the general assembly. 
On the 8th day of April, 1865, the constitution was adopted, and on 
the 6th of June, 1865, was submitted to the people, for their adoption or 
rejection. The vote in Saline was as follows — only 451 votes cast: 

NEW CONSTITUTION. 

For. Against. 

Marshall 119 33 

Blackwater 8 8 

Sak Pond 70 4 

Miami 19 11 

Frankfort 67 3- 

Jefferson 2o 53 

Saline City 4 

Arrow Rock 14 21 

Total 317 134 

On the 1st day of July, 1865, the votes having been counted. Gov. T. C. 
Fletcher issued his proclamation declaring the constitution adopted and 
in force in Missouri on and after the 4th of July, 1865. 

By ordinance of the constitution, all the state and county offices were 
vacated, and to be filled under the constitution at the next, or first general 
election, November, 1866. 

The general assembly which assembled in November, 1865, passed 
extremely stringent registry laws in order to enforce the test oath of the 
constitution. The supervisor of registration for each district was elected 
by the people, and the board of registration of three for each county were 
appointed by the supervisor. The extreme rigor of the test oath, and the 
firmness with which it was enforced by the board of registration in Saline 
county, caused many scenes of violence and bloodshed — which became 
more bitter and violent, as time wore on, until it at length became neces- 
sary for the board to demand and receive a guard to protect them in their 
duties through Saline county. 

Even as early as the canvass of 1866, several leading republicans, such 
as Carl Schurz and B. Gratz Brown, began to consider the propriety of 
universal amnesty and enfranchisement. Gen. Frank P. Blair, who had 
been an anti-slavery man always, and a general in the Federal army, now 
that slavery was abolished and the war over, returned to his old political 
allegiance, the democratic party, and denounced the test oath of the con- 
stitution, demanding, as he said, a more magnanimous policy. In this 
campaign the democrats threw ofi' their bogus name of "conservative," 
and re-assumed their rightful name. Gen. Blair made a general canvass 
of the state, and party excitement ran high. During the canvass Gen. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 359 

Blair spoke at Marshall, in Saline county. The republicans interrupted 
his speech, and a melee ensued, in which a republican named Butt was 
dangerously wounded, but afterward recovered, though it was thought at 
the time that his wound was certainly mortal. 

The vote in Saline county under the new registry law increased slightly 
in this election, amounting to a total of 798 votes. The vote of the 
county for the various offices, in 1866, was as follows: 

J^or Congrcss~R. T. Van Horn, R., 441; J. H. Birch, D., 357. 

/*or State Senate — C. P. Townsley, R., 440; James Young, D., 358. 

For Circuit Attorney — H. B. Johnson, R., 309; John E. Ryland, D., 350. 
^or Representative— M. L. Laughlin, R., 436; L. C. Neal, D., 359. 

For County Court yudges — M. C. Gwinn, R., 445; Tyree Davis, R., 
441; Thos. Farrell, R., 435 ; Geo. Rhoades, D., 350; Jennings Maupin, 
D., 354; N. J. Smith, D., 354. 

For Probate Judge— D. Landon, R., 453; C. M. Hawley, D., 357. 

For Circuit Clerk— ^. H. Wilson, R., 456; B. H. Hawpe, D., 346. 

For Sherif—]ohn Wall, R., 438 ; F. M. Sappington, D., 367. 

For Coroner—^ . M. Nordyke, R., 441; David Ford, D., 353. 

For Comity Superintendent of Schools — Jno. R. Vance, R., 435; Geo 
J. Walker, — 

For 'Supervisor of Registration — W. H. Browning, R., 440; J. W. 
Petty, D., 356. 

For County Treasttrer — D. Landon, R., 453; C. M. Hawley, D. 343., 

For County Assessor — Thos. Dinsmore, R. 441; W. M. Davidson, D. 
355. 

For County Surveyor— T. C. Elliott, R., 418; J. W. Whips, 72; T. C. 
Duggins, D., 122. 
For "Justices of the Peace^ elected in iS66 : 

Marshall township — John Trigg, M. Flynn. 

Arrow Rock township— George Fenwick, P. Welboen. 

Jefferson township — T. M. Dow, Koch and Tyler tied. 

Miami — R. P. Eddington, S. Sullivan. 

Grand Pass township — J. Kowens, Wm. Blain. 

Salt Pond township — Jacob Bright, J. M. C. Smith. 

Blackwater township — J. H. McAllister, Jonathan Herring. 
For Constables: 

Marshall township — W. Hazlewood. 

Arrow Rock township — A. Coiner. 

Jefferson township — M. Babbler. 

Miami township — Joseph Audle}'. 

Grand Pass township — H. B. Lewis. 

Salt Pond— B. H. Weller. 

Blackwater township — J. P. Hicks. 



360 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, 



THE ELECTION OF 1868. 



FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Re}). Hem. 

Grant and Colfax. Sevmour and Blair. 

Marshall 88 " 74 

Arrow Rock 46 74 

Cambridge 25 31 

Frankfort 65 61 

Miami 78 23 

Grand Pass 105 30 

Salt Pond 150 41 

Blackwater 45 43 

Totals 604 377 

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 

Wagner. Bliss. Currier. Lewis. Adams. Norton 

Marshall 87 87 86 75 75 76 

Arrow Rock 44 44 44 75 75 75 

Cambridge 25 25 25 31 31 31 

Frankfort 60 60 60 71 71 71 

Miami 78 78 78 23 23 23 

Grand Pass 105 105 105 30 30 30 

Salt Pond 147 147 147 42 42 42 

Blackwater 45 45 45 43 43 43 

Totals 591 591 591 390 390 390 

FOR GOVERNOR AND LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. 

W. McClurg. J. S. Phelps. E. O. Stanard. N. J. Coleman. 

Marshall 84 78 86 76 

Arrow Rock 44 75 44 75 

Cambridge 24 32 25 31 

Frankfort 62 70 60 71 

Miami 78 23 79 23 

Grand Pass 105 30 105 30 

Salt Pond 147 41 147 41 

Blackwater 43 44 45 43 

Totals 587 393 591 390 

SECRETARY OF STATE AND STATE TREASURER. 

F. Rodman. B Poeping. W. E. Doliinger. R. Hunnahauser. 

Marshall 84 79 86 76 

Arrow Rock 44 75 44 75 

Cambridge 25 31 25 31 

Frankfort 58 71 60 71 

Grand Pass 105 30 105 30 

Salt Pond 147 41 147 41 

Blackwater 43 43 45 42 

Totals 584 393 590 389 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



361 



STATE AUDITOR AND REGISTRAR OF LANDS. 

» D. M. Draper. C. C. Rozier. J. H. McGee. J. F. Regan. 

Marshall S6 76 -86 76 

Arrow Rock 44 75 44 75 

Cambrid^re 25 31 25 31 

Frankfort 60 71 60 71 

Miami 78 23 78 23 

Grand Pass 105 30 105 30 

Salt Pond 147 41 147 41 

Blackwater 43 43 45 43 

Totals 590 300 590 390 

After the election of 1867, the excitement in a great measure died out. 
The soldiers from both armies had now nearly all returned home, and 
were busily engaged trying to remove the havoc war had made. Quiet 
and peace generally reigned in Saline. On the 7th of January, 1868, the 
24th general assembly met, and enacted a new registry law, more rigor- 
ous than the old one, authorized the governor to appoint the supervisor of 
registration in each senatorial district, each year of a general election. 
On the 14th of the January previous (1867) the supreme court of the 
United States had decided the test oath in Missouri to be unconstitutional, 
this act of the legislature passing a new registry law for the more rigid 
enforcement of the III. section and test oath, created great excitement in 
the state, and in Saline county, and hastened the inevitable day when the 
whole would be repealed. An amendment of the constitution, enfran- 
chising the negroes, was submitted to the people, at the November elec- 
tion, 1868, and voted down. The vote of Saline, in November, 1868, was 
as follows: 

ATTORNEY GENERAL. CIRCUIT JUDGE. CIRCUIT ATTORNEY. 

H. B. Jno. A. C.F. W. T. W. W. E. 

Johnson. Hockady. Townsly. Wood. Warner. Sheffield. 

Marshall 86 76 S6 76 86 76 

Arrow Rock 44 75 44 75 44 75 

Cambridge 25 31 24 31 25 31 

Frankfort 60 71 60 71 60 70 

Miami 79 23 78 23 78 23 

Grand Pass 105 30 105 30 105 30 

Salt Pond 147 41 147 42 147 42 

Blackwater , 45 43 40 44 45 43 

Totals 591 390 584 392 590 390 



362 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 





CO. SUPT. 
PUB. SCHOOLS. 


JUDGE 
C . COURT . 


COUNTY 
ASSESSOR. 


COUNTY COUNTY . 
SURVEYOR. SUPT. REG. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


o 

3 

3 
> 


'3 


>> 


3 


a 

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a 
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O 

s 

d 

H 


aj 

d 
'So 

bo 

3 

Q 

d 


35 


3 

< 


01 

a 
o 


Marsliall 


89 
44 
25 
50 
79 
105 
145 
45 

591 


73 
75 
31 
70 
23 
30 
42 
43 

387 


85 
44 
25 
19 
78 
101 
142 
45 

539 


77 
75 
31 
113 
23 
30 
42 
43 

434 


86 
45 
25 
60 

78 
105 
147 

49 

595 


76 

74 
31 
71 
23 
30 
41 
38 

384 


83 
44 
25 
GO 

78 
107 
147 

44 

588 


1 


85 
44 
25 
55 
78 
105 
145 
44 

591 


76 
75 
31 
71 
23 
30 
42 
43 

391 


'" 


Arrow Rock 




Cambridge 








Frankfort 


3 


Mtami 


Grand Pass 




Salt Pond 




Blackwater 








1 


3 



The amendment to the constitution, granting suffrage to the negroes, 

submitted to the people this year, 1868, was defeated, in the state, and 
also in Saline county, as follows: 

^ CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 

Yes. No. 

Marshall ' 75 84 

Arrow Rock 36 75 

Cambridge 7 50 

Frankfort 93. 

Miami 70 25 

Grand Pass 92 36 

Salt Pond 107 46 

Blackwater 19 59 

409 46a 





Congress 


State 
Senate. 


Repre- 
sentative 


Sheriff. 


Probate 
Court. 


Pub. 


Admr. 


Treas. 
urer. 


Coro- 
ner. 




-; 






_; 


d 


d 












-; 




„• 


B 




.d 


TOWNSHIPS. 


o 
> 




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OS 

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cs 
c 

d 


3 

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3 

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3 

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X 


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o 
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a 


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pa 


o 

o 

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s . 


5= 


c 


►-j 


Q 


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H 


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ed 


*-j 


•-Ti 


M 


Marshall. ... 


83 


79 


85 


77 


84 


78 


90 


72 


1 


74 


84 


•77 




94 


68 


86 




Arrow Rock. 


44 


75 


44 


75 


44 


75 


50 


69 




75 


44 


75 




44 


75 


44 


-ri 


Cambridge. . 


24 


32 


24 


32 


24 


32 


33 


24 




31 


24 


32 




25 


31 


25 


V 


Frankport.. . 
Miami 


61 
79 


70 
23 






59 

79 


72 
23 


67 

80 


65 
20 




72 
23 


39 

78 


59 
23 


31 


61 

78 


70 
23 


47 
79 


« 


78 


23 


.^ 


Grand Pass.. 


105 


31 


105 


30 


105 


29 


101 


30 




30 


105 


30 




105 


30 


105 




Salt Poud. . . 


147 


42 


147 


42 


146 


42 


145 


41 




•±0 


146 


43 




147 


42 


147 


n 


Blackwater.. 


45 


43 


42 


45 


45 


42 


42 


46 


1 


40 


44 


43 




45 


43 


45 


^ 


Totals.... 


588 


395 


525 


324 


589 


394 


008 


367 


2 


385 


564 


382 


31 


599 


382 


578 





HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 363 

In this election, Judge Landon, the probate judge, declared that his 
term of office had not expired, and that he was not then a candidate for 
the office of probate judge. But many thought he was mistaken, and Mr. 
T. M. Dow, democrat, ran for the office getting the democrat vote. Judge 
Landon's decision was sustained, and he continued to hold the office for 
two years longer, or until the flood of IS 70. 

During the year 1869, the break up in the republican party grew wider 
and wider, upon the question of universal amnesty and enfranchisement- 
Carl Schurz stumped the state in favor of universal enfranchisement, and 
in this year it became evident that if the test oath was not voluntary abol- 
ished by the republicans, the republican party itself would be rent in twain. 
It soon became evident to all that the iron-clad oath for voters, jurymen, 
ministers, lawyers, teachers, etc., must be repealed. In 1870, the demo- 
crats, beheving that the discord in the republican party would soon result 
in the repeal of the test oath and III. section, declined any part in the can- 
vass as an organized body, and refused to make nominations. After this, 
the division in the republican party grew rapidly; and on the 31st of 
August, 1870, when the republican state nominating convention met at 
Jefferson City, it was plain to all that a split was imminent. On the third 
day of the session the committee on resolutions made two reports, a majority 
and a minority report. The majority platform, which was reported by Carl 
Schurz, chairman of the committee, was liberal, and declared that the 
time had come in Missouri for general amnesty and the repeal of all test 
oaths. The minority platform, on the contrary, declared that such time had 
not arrived, and that the popular vote of the state should determine when 
it had arrived. The minorit}^ platform was adopted, 349 for, 342 against. 
As soon as the vote was declared, 250 delegates, headed by Carl Schurz, 
withdrew from the body, amid the wildest excitement. The seceders 
proceeded to organize a separate convention, adopted the liberal platform, 
and nominated a full state ticket, headed with B. Gratz Brown for gover- 
nor. 

The straight republican convention also nominated a full state ticket. 
The canvass was one of the most exciting ever witnessed in Saline county. 
At first, as there seemed no hope for the relief of any disfranchised demo- 
crats until the liberal party were established in power, there was very 
little noise or disturbance; and the registrars, Vandyke, Bingham and 
, proceeded to register the county, applying the test oath as rigor- 
ously as in former years. But toward the latter end of the canvass the 
liberal movement became so strong that it became aggressive. Mr. R. B. 
Thorpe, of Saline, member of the liberal republican state committee, 
applied to the supervisor of registration of this district for the removal of 
the old board of registers in Saline, and the appointment of a new board, 
more in S3-mpathy with the liberal movement. Being a liberal republican 



364 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



himself, the supervisor, Col. Richard Ritter, immediately did as he was 
requested, removed the old board, appointed Dr. Robert McNutt, S. C. 
Aulger and George Smith registers, with orders to take a new registra- 
tion in Saline. In this new registration the III section was almost wholly- 
ignored, and the only oath required was that the affiant had not been in 
arms against the United States, and would hereafter support the constitu- 
tion of the United States. Under the call of Mr. R. B. Thorpe, member 
of the liberal state committee, a liberal coimty convention, consisting of 
delegates from every township in the county assembled in Marshall and 
nominated candidates for the county offices. The election of 1870 
resulted in the election of the liberal republicans not onl}- in the state, but 
also in Saline county. The vote of Saline at this memorable election was 
as follows: 





STATE SUp't. 
SCHOOLS. 


JUDGE 

supr'm 

COURT. 


CONGRESS. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


> 

Q 


<v 
PQ 

6 


c 

03 


6 

be 

c 

■g 

o 
U 

< 


's 

V 

b£ 
o 

o 


Arrow Rock 


233 
130 
138 
78 
33 
240 
200 
398 
129 
114 


85 

37 

34 

20 

65 

37 

122 

207 

103 

121 

831 


319 
167 
172 
99 
98 
275 
322 
603 
235 
235 


232 
110 
114 
79 
33 
197 
200 
393 
131 
115 

1624 


S6 


Blackwater 


37 


Cambridtfe 


34 


Elmwood 


20 


F. Sch. House 


65 


Frankfort 


80 


Miami 


122 


Marshall 


206 


Malta Bend 


104 


Salt Pond 


121 






Totals 


1691 


2225 


875 



Devol and Comingo were the democratic and republican candidates; 
Beard and Smith the radical republican nominees. Wagner had no 
opposition. 



, 


HISTORY OF SALINE 


COUNTY. 










365 


\ 


GOV- 


LIEUT. 


sec'y. 


STATE 


STATE 


att'y. 




EKNOK . 


GOV. 


STATE . 


TREAS. 


AUDITOR 


GENERAL. 




to 
5 


i 


>> 
















O 






-^ 


— 


V 


!Z 


o 




t>^ 




i) 




03 






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o 


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TOWNSHIPS. 






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eS 


1 


^ 


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o 


S 






o. 
3 


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M 




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-T 


23 


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^ 


W 


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do 


H, 


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< 




37 


233 
130 
109 

77 


231 
130 
138 

77 


86 
37 
34 
20 


231 
130 
136 

78 


85 
37 
36 
20 


84 
37 
37 
20 


222 
130 
134 

78 


231 
130 
138 

78 


85 
37 
35 
20 


82 
37 
35 
20 


229 


BlJickwuter 


130 


CMuibi'id"'C 


187 


Elmwood 


77 


F. Scliool House 


65 


38 


33 


65 


33 


65 


65 


33 


33 


65 


65 


33 


Frankfort 


B9 


237 


237 


40 


239 


38 


38 


239 


239 


38 


38 


239 




12-2 
21 B 


200 
R94 


200 

398 


122 
207 


198 
396 


122 

207 


122 
207 


200 
396 


200 
396 


122 

207 


122 
207 


200 


Marshall 


397 


Malta Bend 


105 
122 

835 


131 
114 

1(389 


133 
114 

1691 


103 
121 

835 


133 
114 

1088 


103 
121 

834 


102 
121 


134 
114 


132 
114 

1691 


104 
121 

833 


132 
121 

830 


103 


Siilt Poud 


114 






Total 


833 


1680 


1687 





Repre- 




i 




1 


1 Oov 


NTY 


Asses- 
sor. 


Supervisor 




senta- 
tive. 


Circuit 
Clerk. 


County 
Clerk. 


Sheriff 


Treas 
urer. 1 


op 
Registr'n. 


townships. 


3 


r2 


bb 

be 

H 


g 
J 


"o 


i 


p. 


o 


5 


5 


o 




S 






O 


K 


< 


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o 

^ 




H 




O 


S 




H^ 


S 


H 




c 


g 


a 


a 


H 


S 


W 


2 


^ 




a 


(^ 


^ 


^ 




281 


86 


o 
289 


82 


226 


86 


234 


85 


233 


fa 
86 


235 


85 


o 


i^ 


Arrow Rock . . 


233 


86 


Blackwater. . . 


130 


38 


129 


39 


126 


42 


127 


38 


130 


38 


130 


37 


129 


36 


Cambridge . . . 


137 


84 


129 


41 


105 


65 


131 


39 


128 


42 


128 


35 


135 


34 


Elmwood .... 


79 


20 


75 


20 


76 


25 


78 


20 


77 


22 


78 


20 


77 


20 


Fraukfort . . . 


225 


52 


208 


74 


188 


94 


231 


46 


207 


70 


213 


64 


233 


44 


Miami 


198 


122 


198 


117 


195 


149 


197 


122 


199 


122 


197 


125 


203 


122 


Marshall 


393 


211 


854 


251 


855 


246 


380 


224 


353 


253 


391 


213 


388 


213 


Grand Pass. . . 


125 


108 


182 


102 


122 


114 


131 


105 


131 


106 


132 


102 


132 


103 


Salt Pond .... 


114 


120 


98 


185 


105 


130 


112 


124 


109 


123 


111 


122 


114 


121 


F. Sch. House. 


34 
1666 


62 
853 


30 

1587 


64 
925 


29 
1522 


69 
1020 


30 
1651 


64 

867 


29 
1596 


69 
930 


33 

1648 


65 

868 


33 


65 


Totals 


1677 


844 



366 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 





COUNTY 
JUDGE. 


JUDGE 

COMMON 

PLEAS. 


COUNTY 
RECOR- 
DER. 


COUNTY 

SCHOOL 

SUPERIN- 

tend'nt. 


CORONER. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


.22 

G 


c 
o 

£ 

o 


c 
1 — ) 


"5 
< 


c 

< 


a3 

■^ 
c 

> 

1 — > 


c 

c 

"i 

< 


OJ 

u 
> 


C 




Arrow Rock 

Blackwater 


81 

38 

39 

20 

33 

93 

220 

215 

36 

122 


236 
130 
131 

78 
57 
184 
91 
387 
135 
114 


191 
126 
125 

39 

26 
222 

14 
354 
131 

99 

1327 


126 
41 

48 

57 

70 

55 

295 

242 

107 

124 

1165 


208 
122 
137 
.77 
32 
206 
20») 
369 
130 
110 


85 

46 

35 

22 

65 

71 

122 

236 

103 

125 


231 
130 
130 
78 
31 
223 
199 
376 
127 
109 

1633 


88 

38 

39 

22 

66 

54 

122 

225 

107 

123 

884 


235 
130 
139 

79 

33 

233 


86 
38 


Cambridge 


29 


Klmwood 


20 


F. School House .... 
Frankfort 


6h 

44. 


]\Iiami 


1971 199 


Marshall 


396 
132 
114 


904 


Grand Pass 


103 


Salt Pond 


121 






Totals 


947 


1543 


1591 


910 


1688 


832 



For the constitutional amendments, of which there were several, the 
most important, however, being that repealing the third section and the 
test oath, the vote in Saline stood: For, 2,340; against, 22. 

The following justices of the peace were elected in this memorable 
year: 

Arrow Rock — W. T. Pattison, P. Welborn. 

Blackwater — J. C. Hemphill, Jonathan Herring. 

yefferson — W. H. Porter, W. J. Jones. 

Elmwood — J. Maupin, Dr. Parks. 

Miami — D. Snelling, S. Sullivan. 

Marshall— k::. M. Hawlev, Sam'l Davis. 

Grand Pass — John Schooley, Isaac Wade. 

In 1872, the "Liberal Republican party," having accomplished its mission 
of enfranchisement, had ceased to exist as a distinct organization. The dem- 
ocratic party in Saline (and throughout the state) organized for the cam- 
paign, and held its convention in Marshall. A full ticket was nominated, 
except county treasurer, which was given to the liberals. The republi- 
cans also put out a full ticket. 

For president and vice-president, the vote of Saline was as follows: 

For Grant and Wilson 1283 

For Greeley and Brown 2798 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



367 



TOWNSHIPS. 



CONG RESS. STATE SENATE. 



<1^ . 
jy -v. 



C3q 
c 

o 



o .c 



o 



V 

u 

c 
a 

> 

c 
o 



Marshall 

Saline 

Arrow Rock 

Miami 

Cambridge ........ 

Frankfort 

F. P. Sch. House . . . 

Brownsville 

Malta Bend 

Herndon 

Laynesville 

Elmwood 

Fulkerson S. House. 



Total 2833 1296 2715 1224 91 



632 

67 

278 

425 

289 

182 

144 

211 

208 

122 

69 

171 

46 



230 

9 

131 

215 

104 

60 

26 

189 

106 

83 

23 

28 

82 



575 

65 

275 

406 

281 

179 

144 

196 

202 

119 

67 

171 

38 



230 

9 

131 

215 

103 

59 

27 

174 

73 

83 

1 

28 

81 



1 

5 

21 

24 

1 

21 

8 



The vote in Saline for state officers, in 1872, was as follows: Demo- 
cratic, 2,841; republican, 1,293. Woodson was elected governor, over 
Henderson. For county officers, the vote was as follows: 

Democratic candidates are marked with a star (*). 





REPRE- 










1 




1 














SENTATIVE. 




COLLECTOR. 1 


TBEAS. 1 


ASSESSOR 


WURVT'B 


JUDGE. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


o 
> 


o 




"Si 
a 

cS 

y. 


5 
W 
c 




c 
c 


o 

a 


3 

C 
o 

< 

CO 




o 

c 

■a 

* 


o 


S 
d 


'3 




■3 






^ 


d 


* 


1-5 


a 


o 


72 


H 


m 


J2 


> 
* 


^ 


* 


^ 


Marshall 


630 
66 


221 
9 


663 
66 


191 
9 


608 
65 


60 

2 


196 
9 


468 

47 


391 

28 


647 
67 


222 

■"9 


625 
67 


233 
9 


609 
67 


•?-^7 


Saline City 


9 


Arrow Rock 


278 
4i5 


130 
164 


271 
424 


127 
125 


262 
350 


3 

118 


130 
132 


236 
470 


145 
121 


282 
424 


129 
141 


279 
423 


126 
139 


279 
417 


131 


Miami 


115 


Cambridge 


292 


101 


222 


ICC 


213 


85 


94 


'?36 


115 


'?87 


1(11 


289 


1():> 


285 


101) 


Frankfort 


183 


59 


180 


39 


165 


20 


54 


166 


68 


183 


58 


18:3 


58 


178 


57 


Pair Play School House 


145 


26 


143 


24 


143 


1 


27 


141 


28 


144 


27 


144 


27 


144 


27 


Elmwood 


171 


2t! 


175 


25 


171 


1 


2S 


179 


21 


171 


28 


171 


27 


171 


28 


Herndon 


123 


82 


119 


83 


121 


2 


83 


116 


88 


123 


81 


123 


83 


123 


83 


Fulkerson Sch. House 


46 


81 


39 


79 


32 


23 


74 


37 


89 


44 


81 


47 


81 


44 


81 


Brownsville 


225 


17:- 


220 


16t 


210 


17 


169 


207 


187 


197 


191 


219 


167 


208 


172 


Malta Bend 


238 


74 


210 


74 


153 


111 


42 


140 


126 


236 


75 


235 


76 


204 


67 


Laynesville 


9i 




74 




22 


66 
509 


2 

1043 


24 

2479 


57 
1472 


91 

2896 


1143 


91 
2896 


1142 


64 

2793 


27 


Totals 


293S 


1148 


2796 


1035 


2515 


1095 



368 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 





SUP. PUB. 
SCHOOLS. 


CORONER. 


PUBLIC 
ADMR. 


COUNTY 1 

att'y. 1 


COUNTY 
JUDGE. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


V 

d 


c 

.S 

o 
< 


■zp 
o 


B 
o 


D 

* 


u 
V 


.22 

Q 
a 

72 


6 
c 




6 

V 


5 

d 


Marshall 


643 

67 
280 
492 
295 
197 
144 
171 
123 

47 
228 
223 


2'2'2 
7 

130 
74 

101 
43 
27 
28 
83 
80 

168 
89 


635 

67 

277 

422 

290 

180 

144 

171 

123 

44 

208 

206 

66 

2833 


222 
9 

131 

139 
90 
58 
27 
28 
83 
80 

170 
76 

1093 


606 

51 

276 

417 

290 

170 

144 

171 

123 

40 

209 

202 

66 


218 

9 

129 

139 

101 

39 

26 

28 

82 

82 

174 

76 


589 

67 

277 

419 

291 

179 

142 

171 

122 

44 

207 

202 

68 


242 

"131 
137 
101 

63 

28 
28 
83 
81 
159 
56 






Saline City 


47 


88 


Arrow Rock 




Miami 

Cambridge 


433 
203 
176 


131 
1'>,9 


Frankfort 


60 


Fair Play Sch House 
Elmwood 








Herndon 






Fulkerson Sch House 


. 




Brownsville 


78 


16 


Malta Bend 




Laynesville 














574 




Totals 


2910 


1052 


'>J73 


1164 


27SS 


1109 


448 

















In this election the county by a majority of 2,040 votes decided against 
township organization. 

In 1874, the republican party undertook to play the " Passive Policy " 
which had proved so successful for the democrats in 1870, and nominated 
no candidates for either state or county offices. A party, called the " Tad- 
pole Party " was formed, for whose candidates the republicans voted. C. 
H. Hardin, the democratic candidate for governor, was elected over Gentry, 
the Tadpole candidate, by a majority of 37,462 votes, which was also the 
majority of the whole state democratic ticket. In Saline the vote on the 
state ticket stood 2,696 democratic, and 1,112 republican, and Tadpole. 

The county canvass this year, was an exceedingly bitter and exciting one, 
especially as related to county clerk. Two aspirants for the democratic 
nomination for county clerk canvassed the county, the one. Colonel W. 
S. Jackson as an old-line, life-long democrat, and the other, James R. Ber- 
ryman, as a democrat onl}^ since the war. The democratic county nomi- 
nating convention met in Marshall, and after an exciting contest nominated 
Berryman by a decided majority. Colonel Jackson denounced the nomi- 
nation as brought about by fraud in Cambridge and Blackwater town- 
ships. At his desire, by a call of the chairman, the convention re-assembled 
in Marshall about one month afterwards. A committee, composed equally 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



369 



of Jackson and Berryman delegates, was appointed to investigate the charge 
of fraud, which, after investigating the whole matter, JDianiiiiousIy reported 
that the whole proceedings had been fair and square, and that Berryman 
had received the nomination without fraud. Colonel Jackson refused to 
acquiesce and appealed to the people on a charge of fraud. But he did not 
run himself, but, with his friends, brought out Captain C. M. Sutherlin, 
who was, soon afterwards put upon the " Tadpole " ticket for county clerk, 
and Colonel W. S. Jackson stumped the county for him. The canvass on 
the county clerkship was close and very angry. Upon this office the demo- 
cratic party was divided, the republicans of course, all voting the " Tad- 
pole " ticket. About one thousand democrats bolted the regular nomina- 
tion for county clerk, and voted for Sutherlin, who was finally elected by 
the small majority of 30 votes, while the remainder of the " Tadpole " 
county ticket was overwhelmingly defeated. The vote upon county offices, 
in this election was as follows: Democratic candidates are marked with a*: 





COUNTY 


COUNTY 




ATTORNEY 


RECORDER 








Uh 


C 


TOWNSHIPS. 


.2 


D 




o 




■n 


U 


pq 


3 




Q 


"C 


X 






Oh 


H-3 






E 
in 









Arrow Rock. 
Blackwater . . 
Cambridge. . . 
Centerville , . 
Saline City . . 
Elmwood .... 
F. Sch. House 
Malta Bend . . , 
Jaynesville . . 

Jefferson 

Liberty 

Marshall 

Miami 

Salt Fork 

Salt Pond .... 

Totals . 



195 


137 


237 


87 


41 


93 


155 


^'o 


163 


209 


28 


106 


107 




108 


163 


46 


154 


45 


43 


31 


123 


S3 


168 


53 


14 


48 


158 


69 


161 


148 


91 


136 


611 


116 


616 


388 


70 


399 


65 


18 


65 


136 


179 


171 


2443 


1077 


2656 



110 
34 
79 
34 

53 
58 

118 
19 
67 
99 

202 
75 
19 

161 



1128 



24 



370 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, 



z si 

O M 



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HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 371 

In January, 1S74, at an adjourned ses.sion, the Twenty-seventh general 
assembly had submitted the question of calling a constitutional conven- 
tion to the popular vote, at the next general election, November, 1874, 
and it had been carried by the small majority of 283 votes. The election 
for delegates to the convention was fixed for the 26th of January, 1875, 
and the convention was appointed to meet in Jetlerson City, May 5, 1875. 
The canvass in Saline was warm and bitter. Two delegates were to be 
elected from this senatorial district, consisting of Saline, Lafayette, and 
Pettis counties. A democratic convention was called to meet in Browns- 
ville, to nominate regular democratic candidates for delegates to the con- 
vention. Delegates to the nominating convention, at Brownsville, were 
regularly appointed by Lafayette and Pettis counties, who met at Browns- 
ville on the appointed day. But, by some mistake, mismanagement, or, as 
it was claimed, by some pre-arranged " hocus pocus " of the Saline com- 
mittee, no delegates from Saline were appointed, or met at Brownsville. 
The Brownsville convention, after waiting one day for the Saline delega- 
tion, proceeded to make nominations without them. A. Y. Hull, of Pettis 
count}', and H. C. Wallace, of Lafayette, were nominated. It was then 
published over Saline, that the Brownsville convention had treated Saline 
county with indignity, and contempt — had given her no chance to appear 
in the convention, and calling upon the citizens of Saline to vindicate their 
county pride and honor by nominating one of her own men, by a primary 
election, against A. Y. Hull, of Pettis. Taking the charge against the 
Brownsville convention as true, the people of Sahne almost went wild 
with indignation. A primary election was held a short time before the 
election, and Hon. Wm. Letcher was almost unanimously nominated, 
ever}' precinct in the county voting for him, except Marshall, which voted 
for Sam'l Boyd, Esq. At the election, January 26, 1875, only about 400 
votes were cast for Hull and Wallace in Saline, the remainder all being 
cast for Letcher and Wallace, who were elected, and Mr. Hull, one of 
regular democratic nominees, was defeated. 

In the great presidential election of 1876, Tilden and Hendricks 
received, in Saline county, 3,938 votes, and Hayes and Wheeler, 1,728 
votes. Candidates for state offices about the same. 

For county officers, in this year, N. B. Ross, for surveyor; J. H. Irvine,- 
for assessor; A. McAlister, for coroner; L. W. Scott, for public adminis- 
trator; E. V. Garnett for circuit clerk, and J. M. Brown, for probate 
judge, had no opposition. 

For county clerk, to fill the unexpired term of Capt. C. M. Sutherlin, 
who had resigned, the canvass was again hot and exciting. Col. W. S. 
Jackson, who had been deputy for Capt. Sutherlin, now came out for the 
office, and, at a primary election held, received the democratic nomination 
in spite of very determined opposition. After the nomination this opposi- 



372 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

tion, composed of some democrats who could not, and would not condone 
Col. Jackson's bolt and support of part of the Tadpole ticket, two years 
before, combined, of course, with the republican party. In the short canvass 
following, people were excited and wound up to the highest pitch. Many 
personal collisions occurred. In a published circular, the opposition 
charged Col. Jackson directly with robbing and thieving during the war, 
giving time, dates and affidavits. But in vain. He triumphed over all his 
enemies, was elected to fill the vacancy, and two years after was elected 
for the full term, which he was filling when he died. In 1876, the oppo- 
sition put forward Capt. Robt. Ruxton as his opponent. The vote was as 
follows : 

W. S. Jackson. Robt. Ruxton. 

Arrow Rock 380 112 

Blackwater 116 62 

Saline City 135 24 

Centerville 102 10 

Cambridge 176 120 

Elmwood 182 31 

Salt Springs 83 119 

Malta Bend 215 142 

Laynesville 44 44 

Jefferson 187 95 

Liberty 196 90 

Marshall 758 397 

Miami 347 341 

Fairville 66 34 

Salt Pond 75 14 

Salt Fork 378 143 

Total 3,540 1,778 

In 1878, the republicans being in an apparently hopeless minority, made 
no regular nominations in Saline county. There was a heated contro- 
versy over the democratic nominations, especially over the nomination for 
county clerk, as usual. Col. Wm. S. Jackson was again a candidate for 
county clerk, opposed by Mr. Peyton Brown of Miami township. The 
result was the nomination and election of the following officials: Wm. S. 
Jackson, county clerk; Geo. Lankford, circuit clerk; Sam'l Davis, repre- 
sentative; M. C. Sandidge, recorder; John R. Cason, sheriff'; Wm. M. 
Walker, collector; I. P. Martin, treasurer; D. D. Duggins, county attor- 
ney; Nicholas Smith, and B. G. Orear, county justices; and Jno. W. 
Sparks, presiding county justice; by a democratic vote of about 4,000. 

In the canvass of 1880, which was also presidential and state election, 
three county tickets were in the field. The democrats, somewhat dissat- 
isfied with the workings of primary elections, determined to once more call 
a county convention. They did so, resulting in the following nominations 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 373 

for county officers: For representativ^es, Robt. Frazer, 1st district; V. C. 
Yantis, 2d district. County Judges: 1st district, James Davis; 2d district, 
Nicholas Smith; probate judge, James Cooney; treasurer, J. P. Martin; 
collector, Wm. M. Walker; public administrator, L. W. Scott; sheriff", John 
R. Cason; and county attorney, D. D. Duggins. The greenbackers and 
the republicans also held conventions, and nominated full county tickets, 
except for one office, upon which they united. Just before the election, the 
death of the county clerk. Colonel W. S. Jackson, necessitated a new demo- 
cratic convention to nominate his successor, which resulted in the nomina- 
tion of Robert J. McMahan. At the November election, 1880, the entire 
democratic county ticket was elected, but by a decreased vote and de- 
creased majorities, as compared with the election of 1878. 

The appointment of the new registers was obtained by Mr. R. B. 
Thorp, member of the Hberal republican committee, and Mr. R. S. 
Sandidge, editor of the Progress newspaper, who made a trip to Sedalia 
and held a long interview with Col. Ritter, the new supervisor. At this 
interview Hon. Geo. R. Smith, then a leading liberal republican, was pres- 
ent. Upon hearing the representation made by the Saline men, Mr. Smith 
said to Ritter: " O, yes, Colonel, give them a liberal registration. Let the 
intelligent, liberal people over there have a voice." This was done and 
Messrs. Sandidge and Thorpe bore to Marshall great and joyful news to 
the opponents of the radical republicans. 

INCIDENTS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD. 

May 29, 1866, Gen. Frank P. Blair, elected in 1860 as the first republi- 
can congressman from Missouri, afterward colonel of the first regiment of 
Union volunteers from this state, major-general in the Federal army, and 
commander of one of Sherman's most important army corps, addressed 
the people of Saline county, in the public square at Marshall, in the inter- 
est of the conservative or " Andrew Johnson " party, as it was called. A 
large crowd was present upon the occasion. Hon. W. H. Letcher and 
others were upon the stand, which had been erected on the north side of 
the public square. 

A number of ex-militiamen, who were radical republicans, were in 
attendance, and as they were not in sympathy with the speaker, and even 
considered him " a traitor to the republican party and to his country," and 
moreover, being unduly excited and stimulated generally, they began to 
interrupt him, and make other demonstrations calculated to disorganize 
the meeting. One or two called out, "That's a d — dlie!" "You're a 
liar!" and other violent expressions were used. Gen. Blair himself 
addressed the turbulent and hostile crowd that were sitting and standing 
in the rear of the main audience on an embankment thrown up from the 
court house excavation, and asked them to keep quiet, and let the meeting 



374 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

go on. The interruptions continuing and growing more violent, the gen- 
eral at last addressed his partisans near him, saying: "Are there not 
enough young men of you here to make those fellows behave, or else 
drive them off the ground?" A number of men responded and a charge 
was made on the disturbers, who were routed and driven from the meet- 
ing. One of them, a Mr. Butts, was wounded by a pistol shot in the 
shoulder, A number of shots were exchanged, but no one else was 
seriously hurt. It was at first reported that Butts was mortally wounded, 
but he soon recovered. In a few seconds quiet was restored, and the gen- 
eral went on with his speech. 

The majority of the adult males, of the county, were anti-radical in 
politics ; but as no one could vote unless he was registered, and as no one 
could be registered, unless he could take the oath prescribed by the Drake 
constitution, and as but few could do that, there were hundreds of men 
disfranchised. There was very great dissatisfaction throughout the county. 
Very many men who had served in the Federal army could not vote; nor 
could many citizens who had been considered loyal during the war, and 
persecuted therefor by the confederates. 

In 1867, a number of men living in the county and disfranchised, avowed 
their purpose of attending the meeting of the board of registration and 
breaking up the session, if they were not permitted to register. The 
sheriff of the county, J. W. Wall, learned of their intention some days 
before the meeting, and quietly detailed a number of citizens who were 
radicals to be on hand, ready to repulse any attack that might be made 
upon the board. A,rms had been sent up from Jefferson City and con- 
cealed in the court house, where the radicals repaired and waited for the 
occasion to use them. 

A few disfranchised persons did gather at the court house, ex-Federals 
and ex-Confederates, and avowed their intention of going up stairs into 
the room where the board was in session. The sheriff met them at the 
head of the stairs, drawing his revolver, and commanded them to go back. 
Upon their refusal he called out to his men to " fall in." The latter sprang 
to their guns. The disfranchised men then retired, indignant, but dis- 
comfited. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 375' 

HISTORY FROM 1865 TO 1870. 

In July, 18G5, Capt. Grain's company of militia, which had been sta-- 
tioned at Marshall, was disbanded, and the men, who were from this 
county, returned to their homes. Just at this time the county was filled 
with horse-thieves and robbers of every sort, and cases of robbery and 
thieving were quite common. 

The Confederate soldiers from the far south now began to return home. 
They came singly, in squads, and by companies, as they could. A Col. 
Thompson, with a considerable company from north Missouri, camped 
near Marshall, with a hundred head of Indian ponies from Texas, in the 
latter part of ]vi\y. 

To the returning Confederates, and to some of the recently discharged 
militia, was attributed the most of the stealing and plundering. The sad 
ending of the Confederate cause had demoralized many of the boys in 
gray, who were down in Louisiana and Arkansas, very seriously, and it 
is said they would steal or take anything in the way of a four-footed beast 
that would carry them back to their home in old Missouri. Even the 
property of their honored and honorable old leader, " Old Pap Price," was 
not secure. Shortly before he started from Shreveport for Texas and 
Mexico, Gen. Price had two pairs of v/hite mules and a wagon, about 
all the property he possessed, and with these he calculated to- 
make the trip. The night before he started, some of the disbanded troops- 
stole his mules, leaving the general afoot. The next morning he assem- 
bled his soldiers, and made them a speech about his mules, saying to them 
that he had been with them since the opening of the war, sharing their 
dangers and trials; that he was now an old man, and poor; that he could 
not walk to Te^as, and they must help him find his mules. The "bo3^s" 
could not resist this appeal, and the mules were found hid in a cane-brake, 
and restored to the kind-hearted but brave old warrior. 

Some of the ex-militia were equally eager to possess themselves of 
good horses as their late enemies. 

During the summer and fall of 1865, many families who had left the 
county during the war, and had been residents of other states, returned 
to their old homes. 

August 28, Col. W. A. Wilson, long a prominent citizen of the county, 
and recognized as the leader of the Federal element of the county, died 
at the Missouri House, in Marshall. 

April 2, 1866, a mass meeting of the citizens of the county who favored 
President Johnson's policy of reconstruction was held at Marshall. Geo. 
W. Baker presided. Speeches were made by Hon. W. H. Letcher, Col. 
J. T. Price, and others, and letters were read from Col. John F. Phillips 
and Col. W. F. Switzler, sympathizing with the objects of the meeting. 



376 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Resolutions endorsing the president, and pledging him the support of the 
citizens of this county, were unanimously adopted. 

The number of crimes against property in the county not decreasing, 
but seeming to be on the increase, and there being a great many lawless 
persons in the count}-, whom the authorities seemed unable to control 
and subdue, the la\v-abiding, well-disposed citizens of the county, of all par- 
ties, ex-Confederates and ex-Federals, met, pursuant to call, in the M. 
E. Church at Marshall, April 21, to consider the situation. Benj. Chase 
was chairman of the meeting. An association was formed called the 
" Honest Men's League," having for its purpose the suppression of crime 
and lawlessness. Resolutions were adopted declaring that the presence 
of troops in the county, " no matter under w^hat pretext," w^ould be pro- 
ductive of no good; that an executive committee of five citizens be 
appointed to take measures to co-operate with the authorities to suppress 
and repress all lawlessness in the county, and bring to swift and severe 
punishment all offenders against justice and law; and that other commit- 
tees auxiliary to this should be formed in all other townships in the 
county. Col. J. T. Price, Hon. John W. Bryant, Judge Landon, Messrs. 
Trigg, Vance, Brown, and Corbin spoke in favor of the resolutions, which 
were unanimously adopted. 

Branches of the Honest Men's League were organized at Arrow Rock, 
Miami, B rownsville, Cambridge, and Grand Pass. About the first of 
May, some fifteen or twenty members of the Arrow Rock branch, accom- 
panied Deputy Sheriff F. M. Sappington on an expedition to a farm three 
miles from town, for the purpose of breaking up a band of criminals quar- 
tered there. The house was surrounded, and an attack made upon it, 
but the scoundrels escaped. The leader, one James Marshall, fired sev- 
eral shots as he ran from the house and away. Ed. Marshall, Cyrus 
James, and Marion Claybrook, were the names of his comrades, all of 
whom followed their leader, and in the darkness got safely aw-ay. A 
woman, who was in the house, received a buckshot in her arm, from the 
attacking party, and one of the members of the gang w^as badly wounded. 
In this attack on the outlaws, Capt. Geo. Bingham, an ex-Federal, and 
Col. W. S. Jackson, an ex-Confederate, rode side by side. Col. Price, of 
Arrows Rock, directed the movements. 

A day or two after the occurrence above narrated, the Jim Marshall 
gang rode up to the residence of a Mr. Goode, in Cooper county, and 
killed Mr. Jacob Goode and his son Jerry. A little son, a boy twelve years 
of age, named Finis, seized a gun, and as the murderers were retreating, 
fired at them and shot one dead. Papers found on his body show^ed that 
his name was Marion Claybrook, and that he formerly belonged to the 
10th Missouri Confederate cavalry. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 377 

May 2Sth, was the date of the Blair meeting detailed under the head of 
the reconstruction period. 

In August of this year, the Saline county southern relief society was 
organized, with Mrs. W. B. Sappington as president, Mrs. W. O. Maupin 
and Mrs. J. W. Bryant, of Marshall, Mrs. Henry Boyer, of Miami, and 
Mrs. Joseph Fields, of Miami, as vice-presidents, and Miss Mollie Fisher, 
of Arrow Rock, as secretary. The object of the society was to relieve 
the distress and suffering among the families of southern soldiers in this 
county first, and next to aid the suffering people of the far south generally. 
Fairs, concerts, and other entertainments were given at Marshall and 
Arrow Rock, and other means taken to raise funds to carry out the pur- 
pose of the society. About $1,412 was raised, of which $1,061.12 was 
expended in this county; the rest was sent to the far south. 

The county jail at Marshall was not in very good condition, as in the 
fall of this year a one-legged man, imprisoned for counterfeiting, made his 
escape therefrom one night, being followed soon after by two colored 
boys. Thereafter, until the new jail was constructed, dangerous or impor- 
tant criminals were sent to Lexington for safe keeping. 

Railroad meetings were held at Marshall during the fall months in aid 
of the Lexington and Booneville railroad. 

In December, 1866, Gov. Fletcher called out thirty-four companies of 
the militia, as he said to put down the bushwhackers and guerrillas " who 
were still engaged in their nefarious calling of murdering ^nd robbing the 
peaceful citizens of this state." Mr. J. H. McAlister was appointed 
enrolling officer for this county, and the mihlia were ordered to meet him 
at stated times in several townships. The governor shortly after pro- 
claimed martial law in Lafayette county, and there was great disorder in 
that county for some time. 

In March, 1867, a spirit of lawlessness pervaded Miami township, and 
many serious outrages were committed. About the middle of the month 
some men, said to be ex-militiamen " from the bottom," three of whom 
were named Elson, visited Miami and for a time held undisputed sway in 
the town. The}' were intoxicated and their conduct was very violent. 
They began firing on some colored men, one of whom ran and took refuge 
in the hotel. The outlaws followed him and began firing through the 
windows of the hotel indiscriminately among the inmates. Some of the 
citizens of the place caught up such weapons as they could lay hands on 
and commenced to repel the assaults of the ruffians. In the melee Joseph 
Elson was killed by a shot fired by Mr. J. A. Saufley and another member 
of the raiders was killed. The Elsons had no good feeling towards the 
people of Miami, as they alleged that a relative of theirs had been mur- 
dered during the war by Confederates through the connivance of the 
citizens of that place. 



378 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

But the killing of one of their number did not deter the "men from the 
bottom" from repeating their visits to Miami and continuing their depre- 
dations. The Marshall Progress of April 5, 1867, contained the follow- 
ing: * * * "Naturally enough, and as all good citizens, regardless of 
past political affiliations, now well know, a confederation in villainy and 
public plunder has been formed between some of Missouri's worst char- 
acters of bushwhacking infamy, and miscreants who, during the late war, 
were pretended adherents of the Federal cause. They are a class of 
fellows whose chief delight is to fiendishly prey upon orderly society. 
Hyena-like, in their fits of intoxication they perambulate the streets of 
Miami, yelping sounds which more properly belong to the wild beast of 
the forest. Up to the recent difficulty in that town, when, on the Christian 
Sabbath, they commenced an inhuman assault upon some unoffending and 
defenseless negroes, they had become intolerable. Their outrages and 
insults to society were almost a daily occurrence, Sunday not excepted. 
The commercial interests of the town are nearly ruined. The honest 
farmer goes elsewhere to do his trading. He shuns the place, and will 
not go there if he can avoid it. If found in the town he, in common with 
the citizens of the place, is liable to personal insult and injury from these 
ruffians, who congregate there almost daily from the bottom. * * * 
The negroes have become especially obnoxious to these scoundrels, 
who visit their cabins after night, rob, insult, and spread terror among 
colored families generally. On last Wednesday night some negro families 
near Miami were robbed, and the next night a colored man, who had in 
the meantime sworn out a writ for the arrest of two of this clan whom he 
identified, was visited and shot. The same two men, one a reconstructed 
bushwhacker, who was with Quantrell at Lawrence, and the other a dis- 
charged militiaman, are now somewhere in the Miami bottom, and the 
writ for their arrest is in Constable Audsley's pocket. Let the people of 
Miami township place their writs in the hands of Sheriff Wall and they 
will be served." 

The Saline county agricultural and mechanical association held its fifth 
annual fair at Miami, October 15-20, 1867. During the progress of the 
fair a large United States flag, which was floating over the grounds, was 
torn down in the night by some rantankerous idiot, and carried away. 
The circumstance was greatly regretted by all sensible people in attend- 
ance, and earnest efforts were made to discover the perpetrators. The 
officers of the association passed the following preamble and resolutions 
by a unanimous vote: 

Whereas, This community, and especially the stockholders and directors 
of this association, have received at the hands of some irresponsible vag- 
abonds and interested villains in popular commotion and civil strife, a deep 
wound and unmitigated insult in their action last night in tearing down 
the flag of our association and of our country ; therefore be it 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 379 

Resolved, That in their action they have reflected the sentiments of not 
a single property-holder or gentleman in our county, and have inflicted 
an irreparable wound upon the feelings of every member of this board. 

Resolved, That we will use all diligence in ferreting out the perpetra- 
tors of this most wanton and disgraceful act, and having them properly 
punished as the law may direct, and as further penalty for their insult and 
offense to us, if they are discovered, we will exclude them from these 
grounds for all time to come. 

Notwithstanding all this, news of the affair got abroad, and Saline 
county enjoyed the unenviable notoriety for a time and in certain foreign 
circles of being a county where the United States flag was not permitted 
to wave. 

The court house which took the place of the one destroyed during the 
war, and which was burned in the early spring of 1881, was finished in 
the month of December, 1867. It had been begun in 1866. Buckner & 
Walker were the contractors. Its cost was about $40,000. 

For some years after the close of the war, particularly in the year 1867, 
various railroad projects were proposed to the people of the county. 
Some of these were tangible, others impracticable, and a few impossible, 
but all received attention. There were proposed lines from every import- 
ant city in the country to every other city, all to cross Saline county in 
every direction, with Marshall as the focus of many of them. If all these 
had been completed, a map of the county would have resembled a sketch 
of a garden spider's web. One of these proposed railroads was given 
the lengthy title of the " Chicago, Marshall, Sedalia, Fort Scott and Gal- 
veston railroad." 

In the spring of 1867, numerous bank robberies in this part of the state 
caused some alarm in Saline county, and at public meetings, held at Mar- 
shall and Miami, companies were organized, having for an object the pro- 
tection of property from thieves, robbers, and depredators of every sort. 
The best men of the county were members of these organizations. 

The year 1868, was distinguished from other years in the history of the 
county, by reason of its being the first presidential year in the history of 
the county after the war, in which the people took an active interest. 
Horatio Seymour, of New York, and Gen. F. P. Blair, of Missouri, were 
the democratic candidates, respectively, for president and vice-president; 
and Gen. U. S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax, the nominees of the repub- 
lican party. Although there was a large majority of the adult male citi- 
zens of the county in favor of the democratic candidates, a great many of 
them were not allowed to vote, by the terms of the Drake constitution, 
and the republicans, having the power in their own hands, so directed 
matters that an easy victory was won by them. 

But, notwithstanding they knew they should not be allowed to vote, the 
disfanchised democivits organized with those who could vote, and held 



380 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

many large meetings in tiiis county, in aid of their principles and candi- 
dates. A meeting at Miami, July 25, was addressed by Hon. Henry 
Clay Dean, of Iowa, and Gen James Shields, democratic candidate that 
year for congress, " the hero of Cherubusco," and " the only man that 
ever whipped Stonewall Jackson;" one at Cambridge, August 29, was 
addressed by Gen. Shields, Nat. Claiborne, and N. J. Colman; one at 
Marshall, August 26, by Gen. Shields and the local orators. The repub- 
lican meetings had for orators: Mr: Johnson, candidate for attorney-gen- 
eral; Judge Walker, of Lexington; Mr. Bierbower, the editor of the 
Marshall Banner, and others. 

Bacon Montgomery was the superintendent of registration for this dis- 
trict. Judge F. M. Fulkerson, Matthew Vandyke, and Frederick Moor 
constituted the board of registrars for this county. The most rigid 
requirements were exacted of those presenting themselves for registra- 
tion. There was great dissatisfaction on the part of the democrats at 
the action of the board. It was claimed that this action was wholly pro- 
scriptive, unjust, oppressive and even illegal. In Malta Bend precinct, 
for example, Wm. A. Jones, a Union man, never had any sympathy with 
the rebellion, but did have sympathy for some rebellious relatives in Vir- 
ginia, was rejected. J. L. Pierce was rejected because he said he did not 
rejoice over victories on either side. A. F. Brown was rejected because 
he thought the emancipation proclamation should not have been issued 
when it was, Patrick Mitchell, a Union man all through the war, was 
rejected because he associated and " kept company " with his neighbors 
who had been southern sympathizers. Jacob Miller, a strong Union man, 
who had suffered at the hands of the rebels for his loyalty, was rejected 
because he preferred the old constitution of Missouri to the new one. G. 
W. Washburne, W. R. Beaman, Jno. S. Prunty, David Small, J. H. 
Rockwell and others, who took no part whatever on the side of the rebel- 
lion, but, on the contrary, had given material aid to the Union cause, wer^ 
rejected because they had felt sympathy for their rebel relatives, in Ten- 
nessee and Virginia. Many more of such instances of rejection occurred 
in the other precincts of the county. 

The republicans justified the action of their officials, that it was in 
accordance with the letter and spirit of the new constitution, and the laws 
thereunder, which were founded on justice and correct principles of gov- 
ernment. One of their leaders said: "As it was unjust and wrong to 
show favors to rebels and their sympathizers, during the war, so it is 
unjust and wrong to grant them favors now." The use of the new court 
house was refused, by the republican county authorities, to Gen. Shields, 
in which to make a democratic speech, although they always used it for 
party meetings. 

About the 1st of January, 1809, two murders were committed in and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 381 

near Cambridge, and one lynching followed. Joseph Tillman, a des- 
perado, was assassinated the night after Christmas, near New Frankfort, 
The next week another hard character named Cariisle, shot and killed 
Chas. Cry.tel, a German shoemaker, in a saloon at Cambridge, for a refu- 
isal to drink. Carlisle was arrested, and Mr. Epperson, the constable, 
started to Marshall with him, but on the way an angry mob took the 
prisoner from the officer's hands and either hung or drowned him. 

Railroad projects still engaged the attention of the people. January 6, 
a meeting at Marshall was attended and addressed by the representatives 
of four proposed railroads: The Keokuk and Fort Scott; the Booneville 
and Arrow Rock ; the Columbia, Rocheport and Marshall, and the Louis- 
iana and Missouri river. 



HISTORY FROM 1870 TO 1881. 

1870. 

In January, 1870, the county court began to take steps for the erection 
of a new jail. For some time the old one had been very insecure, and 
prisoners were constantly escaping. 

The assessor's estimate of the value of property in the county for the 
year 1870 was $9,145,927, of which $6,840,105 was real estate. In 1869, 
the total value was $8,604,623. The whole number of children of school 
age in the county in the latter year was 7,721 ; the number of public 
schools, 68; of school houses, 62. The value of the latter was $36,000. 

About the 1st of March, Daniel Wheeler was assassinated at Miami by 
some one unknown. He was a respected citizen, and lately from the north. 
Patrick Guthrie, a young man living in the place, was arrested, charged 
with the oflense, but eventually acquitted. 

The total population of the town of Marshall in this year was 924. 

May 8. — Gen. Robert Wilson, ex-United States senator, and a promi- 
nent citizen of Missouri for many years, died at the residence of his 
nephew, Capt. Ben. H. Wilson, near Marshall. 

June 3. — The corner-stone of the present Catholic Church at Marshall 
was laid. Father (now bishop) Ryan, of St. Louis, delivered the address. 

In this year the democrats of the county adopted what was known as 
the "passive policy." That is, they nominated no tickets of their own, 
but voted for the candidates of the liberal republicans, as against the 
radical republicans. The particulars of this contest are detailed else- 
where. 

July 9. — Mr. Burgess was shot by Mr. Cunningham near Sulphur 
Springs, with Stephen Neil as accomplice. Cunningham and Neil were 
arrested, released on bail, and left the country. Mr. Burgess recovered. 



382 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

About this time the first negro jury of SaUne county was impanneled 
on a case of assault and batter}-. Verdict, guilty. 

The census showed the population of Saline county in 1870 to be about 
21,659, against about 1^,699 in 1860. 

August 9. — A son of Mr. Gillispie had his neck broken by a runaway 
team. 

August 3. — The dead body of John O'Conner was found near Frank- 
fort. , Verdict of coroner's jury was that death resulted from exposure to 
the sun, the deceased being unwell when put off the steamer Mountaineer. 

September 20. — A negro, West Hawkins, under arrest for attempted 
rape of a white woman, was taken from jail and hanged by a mob. No- 
vember 9. — The county election resulted in a victory for the democrats and 
liberal republicans, as detailed elsewhere. November 18. — i\.nother negro 
was hanged by a mob, for attempted rape of a white girl, near Miami. 
So closed a year long to be remembered by the people of Saline. 

1871. 

March 2. — The general assembly passed an act abolishing the Saline 
county court of common pleas, and the grand jurors, meeting on this day, 
learned that their actions would be null and void. Th.e business of this 
court was transferred to the circuit court: On same night, Henry Wilson 
shot and killed a saloon-keeper named H. C. Collins. Wilson fled in the 
darkness, reached the river, secured a skiff and was rowing down the 
river, when he was captured at the bridge on the road from Marshall to 
Booneville. He was brought back, tried and sentenced to imprisonment 
for life, but was afterward pardoned. 

March 18. — Mrs. Joseph Furr and her nine-year-old son, were drowned 
while crossing the creek near Arrow Rock. There was much talk, about 
this time, of re-opening the old Spanish silver mines on Blackwater, and 
of ghosts and other strange sights having been seen in the vicinity. Both 
silver and ghosts disappeared together. The bachelor's club created 
much diversion, and wasted much time in commenting of love in the 
abstract. On April 15 and 17, the wind blew a perfect gale, upsetting 
and unroofing houses. The ferry boat at Miami was torn from its moor- 
ings, and carried some distance down stream, where it landed on a sand- 
bar. 

During the month of May, the county court formed the municipal 
township of Union, out of Blackwater and Salt Pond townships. 

August 9. — Occurred the sale at auction, of some twenty-five thousand 
dollars in count}- bonds, to pay off indebtedness. They were purchased 
at an average price of 96^ per cent, by bank oi Missouri, at Arrow Rock, 
and Messrs. Dunnica, Cardell & Montague, conjointly. 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 383 

The Marshall fair was opened successfully in September of this year, 
with an address by J. P. Strother. 

November 10. — The trial of Patrick Guthrie for the murder of Daniel 
Wheeler, created much excitement, and resulted in the acquittal of Guth- 
rie. The last occurrence of note for this year, was the accidental shoot- 
ing of Mr. Samuel Boyd, while passing near a riotous crowd. Mr. Boyd 
soon recovered. 

1872. 

Early in this year, infamous lies, about the killing of negroes in this 
county by a Ku-klux klan, were circulated throughout the papers of the 
state. The stories were utterly without foundation, but created a bad 
reputation for us abroad. A deal of trouble grew out of arrests of promi- 
nent citizens, by deputy U. S. Marshal Frankel, for alleged irregularity 
in the sale of leaf tobacco, and several parties were fined. 

June 1. — The mass convention with respect to the nominees of the 
Cincinnati convention, was the most harmonious for years, and infused 
new life into the democracy. 

On June 24th, a fire broke out in a bakery belonging to Mr. Peters, in 
Marshall, and several business and dwelling houses were burned. 

July -i. — George Weker was found lying in a ditch near Marshall, cov- 
ered with blood from thirteen wounds inflicted with a knife. Suspicion 
pointed to one John Carlisle. He was arrested, tried, and the jury failed 
to agree. A second trial resulted in his conviction of murder in the first 
degree, and he was sentenced to be hanged on the 22d of July, 1873. On 
the 1st day of July, 1873, he effected his escape from jail. 

During this month, the decision of the supreme court, making void the 
$400,000 in Li & M. R. R. R. bonds, creating much demonstration and 
rejoicing throughout the county. September 9th, the democrats and lib- 
erals held a convention and nominated a joint ticket, which was elected by 
a large majority at the ensuing election. The year 1872 was memorable 
in the political annals of the county from the fact that it was the first year 
in which the democratic candidate for president carried the county since 
1836. At the November election the vote stood: 

Greeley and Brown, regular democrats and liberal republicans 2,790 

Grant and Wilson, republican 1,283 

O'Connor and Adams, straight democrats 32 

Greeley's majority over all 1,475 



384 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1873. 

In February, of this year, the Saline county live stock exchange was 
organized, meeting at Marshall the first Saturday in each month. 

The grange movement in this county was begun in this year, the first 
grange being organized at Arrow Rock, March 26th. 

After having been urged many times by the grand juries of the county 
to build a new jail, the county court, in May of this year, made an appro- 
priation of $20,000 to be used in this way. 

The panic of this year was severely felt in the county, as shown by the 
suspension of the Saline county bank, of Marshall, and the Miami bank. 

1874. 

Early in this year an effort was made to organize a new county, to be 
called Brown county, out of Saline, Pettis, Johnson and Lafayette ; a bill 
to this effect was introduced in the legislature, but was defeated. 

In March it was discovered that John T. Carlisle, the escaped murderer, 
was then a convict in the state penitentiary, whither he had been sent from 
Laclede county, for grand larceny, under the name of Clark Anderson. 

On March 20th, occurred the death of Dr. J. A. Gaines, aged 51. Dr. 
Gaines was an old and highly esteemed citizen of the county, and much 
lamented in his death. 

May 2. — In the afternoon of this day, a whirlwind or cyclone passed 
over the county, causing great damage to property, and some loss of life. 
A negro cabin containing three children was struck by lightning, and 
burned, together with its inmates. A perfect deluge of rain followed, and 
several parties were drowned while attempting to ford streams. 

At the June term of court, John T. Carlisle was brought from the pen- 
itentiary, and re-sentenced by Judge Wood, to be hung on the 24th 
day of July, the prisoner showing no emotion during the sentence. 
Carlisle's attorneys took exceptions to certain ruHngs of the judge, 
and appealed to the supreme court. The court sustaining the rul- 
ings of Judge Wood, Governor Woodson was asked to commute his 
sentence, but refused to interfere. Thus it happened that Carlisle was 
the victim of the first criminal execution in Saline county. By order of 
the court the execution was performed in the old jail building, a trap door 
being cut in the floor and the rope tied to a beam overhead. About thirty 
persons witnessed the execution, which was superintended by Sheriff F. 
M. Sappington. The prisoner was composed and resigned to death, and 
after a short religious service by Father Murphy, the trap was sprung 
and the soul of Carlisle was sent to eternity. 



-.^Siltol.-^ 











t^ml'^ 




rmn. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 385 

1875. 
September 27th, began the trial of August Houth, for the murder of 
Henry T. Schmidt, the details of which are given elsewhere; and follow- 
ing this, on the loth of November, began the trial of Levi Hagan, for 
complicity in the Faber and Dawson murder, in 1864, for which a special 
term of court was called. In November, the indexing case of Saline 
county against B. H. Wilson, was decided by the supreme court, in favor 
of the plaintifl'. The county sued to recover money overpaid to Wilson, 
for indexing the circuit court records. The case was sent to Cooper 
county, on a change of venue, where the plaintiff obtained a judgment 
for $1,885.13. Wilson appealed, and the supreme court affirmed the 
judgment of the circuit court. In December, the trial of Thomas B. 
Fulkerson, on the same charge as Levi Hagan, mentioned elsewhere, was 
held at Warrensburg; and the prisoner was discharged, the state enter- 
ing a nol pros. During this year, the new jail was completed, and one 
long discussed question was settled. 

1876.. 

The Centennial almanac, published by the newspapers of the county, 
contained the shipments of Saline county, for 1875, and revealed the fact 
that Saline needed, and could support a railroad, and this almanac was no 
small factor in its construction. At the March term of court, Robert 
Hardin was convicted of murder in the second degree, in the killing of 
Thomas Cambell, and condemned to ten years imprisonment in the peni- 
tentiary. In April, a strong call was made upon W. H. Letcher to 
become a candidate for attorney general. The centennial celebration 
held in Marshall, on the 4th of July, was of interest, Mr. James Cooney 
being the orat(w, and the exercises concluding with the firing of cannon 
and a gorgeous display of fireworks. George N. Colbert, once judge of 
the probate court, died on the 1st of October. Memorial exercises for 
him were held by the Masons, members of the bar, and the Baptist Sun- 
day-school of Marshall. 

The election this year was a warm contest, much being said about the 
reduction of salaries for officials. The official returns of the vote of 
Saline county, showed a vote of 3,942 for Tilden, against 1,728 for Hayes. 
For governor, Phelps received 3,898 against 1,760 for Finklenburg. 

On the night of the 2Jst of December, an extraordinarily large and 
brilliant meteor passed over this county, moving toward the northeast, 
and eclipsing the moon and stars in brightness. Stephen Smith and E. 
G. Stewart, two well-known citizens, died in December. The Ditzler- 
Sweeney debate at Malta Bend closed the events of the year. 



25 



3S6 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1877. 

Four prisoners broke from the Marshall jail, on the 15th of February, 
but were shortly afterwards recaptured. 

On Wednesday evening the Tth of March, there came into Marshall 
the van-guard of the first railroad to be built in Saline county. Mr. Black- 
stone, the president of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, together 
with the chief engineer, and Mr. Mitchell, had been surveying the route, 
and learning the temper of the people on the line of the road between 
Mexico and Kansas City, in regard to subscriptions toward building the 
road. A meeting of citizens and an informal talk was held in the office of 
Mr. Boyd. In reply to some incredulous remarks, Mr. Mitchell said, if 
the communities along the line of the road, would raise the amount asked 
by the company, that he would give his individual bond forfeiting fifty 
thousand dollars in the event his company did not build the road within 
two years. The railroad officials departed next day; but Saline county 
had been disappointed in railroad schemes so often, that she preferred to 
walk by sight rather than by faith; and thus her skepticism drowned any 
enthusiasm. 

Early in the season the improvement of Sweet Springs was completed, 
and the hotels were thrown open to invalids and pleasure seekers. 

The cropping season was very backward this year, owing to the unu- 
sual amount of rain and cool weather. 

One John Bartlett was arrested for attempted rape upon Mrs. Carrie 
Hinton, and his preliminary examination began in Marshall, on the Tth of 
May. While the examination was in progress, a Mr. Parks, a brother of 
Mrs. Hinton, came in and fired at the prisoner. The prisoner was fur- 
nished with a pistol, by his father, and surrounded by Tiis relatives, all 
armed, stood ready to defend his- life. By the prompt action of the 
officers, Parks was disarmed, and quiet restored without bloodshed. Bart- 
lett was committed to jail in default of ^800 bail, and at the ensuing term 
of court was tried and acquitted. 

Henry Johnson, of Liberty township, an old pioneer, died in May, of 
this year. 

Rats were numerous in the houses and fields all over the county, some 
110 rats having been plowed up in breaking an acre of land. Meetings 
were held in several townships, and farmers were urged to concerted 
action in poisoning them before the coming of the new wheat crop. 

The Missouri river was higher this year than it had been since 1844. 
In June all the low table-lands, lying between Laynesville and Miami, 
were submerged. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 387 

1878. 

At St. Louis, March 6, 187S, a contract was completed with the Chi- 
cago & Alton Railroad Company for the building of that railroad through 
Saline county. P. H. Rea and others represented the county. 

A meeting of the veterans of the Mexican war was held at Marshall, 
March ISth. There were present W. W. Arnett, John L. Smith, C. H. 
Parker, Thomas S. Sibley, Daniel AUaway, Campbell Gilmer, W. N. 
Taylor, J. A. Lewis, Andrew Campbell, John B. Brown, Thomas J. 
Edwards, N. H. Lewis. 

Tuesday night, March 26, "Dog Row," the west side of the public 
square, Marshall, was nearly destroyed by fire. The first building on the 
north end of the row was the first house erected in Marshall, by Henry 
Simmons, in 1836. One near by, of logs, was built by Jerry Odell, in 1837. 

Spelling matches and temperance meetings were quite general in the 
county in the winter and spring of this year. 

In the early part of June, James Helm, confined in jail on a charge of 
the murder of John Sullivan, at Brownsville, made his escape. 

In the latter part of the month of June, a mob of white men shot and 
killed a negro boy narned Philip Johnson, only fourteen years old, who 
was under arrest for striking a w^hite boy on the head with a stone. Jerry 
Goodwin, a landlord of the place, and others were afterward arrested for 
being concerned in the mob, but upon examination were discharged. 

In September, John Loyd was tried at Marshall for the murder of 
Henry Mayfield in the Glasgow bottom. Loyd was acquitted. 

In the early part of October, the Chicago & Alton railroad was com- 
pleted to Marshall, the first railroad to reach the place. A grand ban- 
quet was given the railroad officers and employes by the citizens ; even 
the track-layers were feasted at Jackson's hotel, and treated to forty gal- 
lons of lager beer by Mr. McGinniss, ppoprietor of the "Senate" saloon. 
Speeches were made and fireworks went up in the evening, amid the 
scream of locomotive whistles, the ringing of bells, and the cheers of the 
citizens. On the 7th of November, the new road met with its first acci- 
dent. A brakeman named Gus Garst was run over by the cars at the 
Marshall depot, and killed. 

For some years the county had been infested with Norway rats to the 
extent that they had become a plague. The representatives from this 
county secured the passage of a bill through the legislature offering a 
bounty on every rat killed. In the spring of 1878, it was announced that 
the rats had nearly all disappeared from the county. 



888 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1879. 

Early in January, the preliminary examination of John S. Womack, 
before Esquire Hawley, of Marshall, on a charge of comphcity in the 
murder of Maj. Cockrell, in Blackwater township, resulted in Womack's 
discharge. 

In July, the county officials becoming alarmed at the unsafe condition 
of the court house, removed the offices to buildings on the north side of 
the square. 

At the fair in Marshall, in September, Robert H.Fisher and R. G. 
Montague, had an afilray, in which Fisher stabbed and killed Montague, 
the latter d3ang in twenty minutes. Upon preliminar}- examination, 
Fisher was admitted to bail in the sum of $5000. 

1880. 
The presidential election of 1880 excited much interest in the county, 
by reason of the probability of the success of the democratic party, with 
Gen. W. S. Hancock as its standard-bearer. The defeat of Gen. Han- 
cock was not only a matter of great regret, but of complete surprise 
to the majority of the people of the county. The vote in Saline c^Bfty 
stood : ^^ 

Hancock and English, (democrat) 3,962 

Garfield and Arthur, (republican) 1,952 

Weaver and Chambers, (greenback) 320 

The winter of ISSO-l'was one of uncommon severity. The weather 
was extremely cold, and in February and March, 1881, there w^as a heavy 
snow fall, which drifted in huge piles, filling up roads and making travel 
almost impossible. Trains were blockaded, and much inconvenience 
resulted. 

On Sunday evening, April 3, 1881, the court house building, in Mar- 
shall, was destroyed by fire, the work of an incendiary. For some time 
the building had been deemed unsafe, and had been abandoned, and little 
but the empty building remained. The walls soon after fell in, and in a 
short time not much remained but a shapeless pile of brick and mortar. 

A meeting of the citizens of the county, by delegates, was held in June, 
and it was agreed to ask the county court to submit to the votes of the 
county, a proposition to expend $51,800 for the erection of a new build- 
ing. 

The Missouri river was higher this spring than at any time since 1844. 
The bottoms were submerged, and a great deal of damage done, 
although there were but two persons drowned in this county. A young 
man, near Laynesville, from the country; and another below Miami. The 
river covered the track of the Chicago and Alton railroad, in the Glas- 
gow bottom, and trains were stopped for some days. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 389 



NEWSPAPERS. 



By no means the least interesting chapter in the history of Saline county, 
is that concerning its newspapers. All are interested in knowing the his- 
tory and mutations of such potent agencies of modern society. Editors ot 
newspapers are in a great measure pioneer historians, whose daily labors 
furnish the material in detail, from which nearly all modern history is con- 
structed; and therefore, some notice in this work is due the editorial corps 
of Saline count}-, past and present. 

It was the life of a generation, after the admission of Missouri as a 
state of the Union, before the era of railroad building, and of "local" 
newspapers set in. Until 1S65 no newspapers had been published in 
Saline. The weeklies of the great cities were the only journals circulated. 
During this long era, the old whig party was mostly predominant in 
Jackson, Lafayette and Saline counties, and the St. Louis Reptiblican, 
the St. Louis yotirnal, and the Columbia Statesman furnished most of 
their periodical reading, while the St. Louis Democrat, and the Louisville 
'Hyyut, were taken and read by the democratic party, 
the great presidential canvass of 1856 — the prelude to the still more 
stormy and eventful canvass of 1860 — the era of railroads had begun, and 
with it the era of county newspapers. The old whig party, on the death 
of its great leader, Henry Clay, had gone utterly to pieces, and its mem- 
bers, had at first gone almost in a body into the "know-nothing" or 
American party. In 1856 this party, though it made a national nomina- 
tion, was already in a rapid process of disintegration, (except in some 
localities,) and its members mostly joined the new republican party, in the 
north, and the old democratic party in the south. 

Never before had there been a more warmly contested election in 
Saline than that of 1856. The American party (as it was still called here) 
nominated Wm. H. Letcher for the legislature, and the democratic party 
nominated Judge R. E. McDaniel, who had previously belonged to the 
old whig party. Mr. Letcher, though then quite a young man, had 
already acquired a reputation that extended beyond the limits of his own 
county — while Judge McDaniel stood high, not only among the democrats, 
but among his old whig associates. The contest was keen and spirited, 
but honorable and manly. Such leading and influential Americans (or 
old whigs) as Letcher, Wilson, Crews, Bruce, Maupin, Lewis, Price, 
■Hardeman, and others, readily subscribed the money necessary to fit up 
a printing office, and establish a newspaper, which they placed under the 
editorial and business control of Oscar D. Hawkins; and thus, the first 
newspaper, — named the Saline County Herald, — ever published in Saline 
county, was started. It was a small sheet, in long primer type, and R. S. 



390 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Sandidge, now of the Saline County Progress^ and Capt. Jas. Allen, how 
of St. Louis, were the "devils," and did most of the mechanical labor of 
the office. The Americans carried the county by a small majority, and 
Mr. Letcher was elected. Mr. Hawkins continued as editor of the Her- 
ald for about one year, then resigned, and lives now in Warrensburg, 
Missouri, and holds a public position in Johnson county. The Herald 
started with a paid-up subscription list of about 1,000 names; the office 
of publication was a small 20x30 foot room, in what was then known as 
" Dog Row," and made money fast and easy for some years. 

On the resignation of Mr. Hawkins, Col. George W. Allen became the 
sole editor and proprietor. The campaign of 1856, did not end the contest 
between the Americans and democrats for the control of Saline county. 
And, as might have been expected, it was not very long after the Herald 
made its appearance, before the leading democrats realized the fact that 
their party must also have a party organ, and such men as C. F. Jackson, 
(afterwards governor), John W. Bryant, Esq., Judge McDaniel, etc., speed- 
ily purchased the material, and established the Marshall Detnocrat^ 
edited and published by John S. Davis, a man of culture and a practical 
printer. - 

About this time, as the campaign of 1858 approached, the Herald^ under 
the control of Col. Allen, failed to give satisfaction as a party organ. It 
was conducted with first-class ability, but Col. Allen (who was afterwards 
killed at the battle of Wilson's creek while acting as aid on Gen. Price's 
staff), had already begun to lean towards the democratic party, at least so 
the Americans thought. This feeling of dissatisfaction culminated in a 
third newspaper, published in Marshall, and known as the Saline county 
Standard, of which Samuel Boyd, Esq., was editor, and the Sandidge 
Bros., had charge of the mechanical department. 

About this time, the local canvass of 1859, " personal journalism," may 
be said to have been at its zenith in Saline, and as a result, personal 
encounters were not infrequent. A mark, recently to be seen in the walls 
of the Ming hotel, showed where a bullet struck, that was directed at 
Sam'l Boyd, editor of the Standard, by John S. Davis, editor of the Demo- 
crat. 

Soon after the commencement of the publication of the Standard, the 
office of the Herald was moved to Arrow Rock, where Col. Allen and 
his son, Capt. James Allen, continued to publish it until the spring of 
1861, when in May of that year it was merged in the Marshall Democrat. 
The Standard soon after also suspended. The Democrat continued a few 
weeks longer, and closed about the last of June, 1861 — and editors, typos, 
" devils," and all entered the army, north or south. As already stated, 
Col. Allen was killed at the battle of Wilson Creek. Most of the others 
survived the war. J. S. Davis lives now in St. Louis, as does also James 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 391 

Allen. Samuel Boyd, Esq., is now, as then, a leading member of the 
Marshall bar. Messrs. R. S. and D. M. Sandidge are now the publishers 
of the Saline County Progress. 

THE SALINE COUNTY PROGRESS. 

The Saline County Progress was the fourth paper ever established in 
this county, and has existed a much longer period of time than any other 
paper as yet published in the county. It was established in Marshall in 
July, 1S65, by R. S. and D. M. Sandidge, and throughout most of its 
career it has been essentially a county paper. From the little six column 
weekly with which it begun, it has steadily progressed, until it now issues 
a nine column weekly and a daily as large as its first weekly edition. The 
Progress^ for some ten years or more, has been owned by a joint stock 
company, and by its age and the experienced management of the Messrs. 
Sandidge, it is now not only self-sustaining, but yields a handsome per 
cent, on the money invested. About three-fourths of the stock is owned 
by the Sandidge Bros., under whose charge the paper has existed and pros- 
pered for sixteen years. 

THE SALINE COUNTY DEMOCRAT. 

The Saline County Democrat was established in Marshall by Mr. Bar- 
nabas Frazee, in November, 1872, and is now in the tenth year of its 
existence. In the hotly contested local canvass of 187-i, it attained a 
position as an unqualified democratic paper, which it has since continually 
sustained. In November, 1875, the Democrat was purchased by Mr. 
James H. Eakin (recently deceased;; and under his control, and the 
editorship of Dr. C. A. Clarkson, its continued and flourished until Octo- 
ber, 1S80, when it passed into the editorial control of Mr. J. M. Yantis, a 
gentleman of some editorial experience, who has vigorously maintained 
its strong democratic line of principles. The Democrat may now be con- 
sidered an established institution. 

Saline county has been, in a measure, a graveyard for newspapers — so 
many have arisen, run a brief career, and then, like all the good, died 
young. More than half a dozen, since the war, besides the Progress and 
Democrat^ have been started in Saline, and have perished. In 1868, 
Messrs. Bierbower & Maynard established in Marshall 

THE MARSHALL BANNER, 
with Vincent Bierbower as editor. It was stalwart republican in politics, 
and conducted with marked ability, but it perished for the want of patron- 
age in about 'fifteen months. After the demise of the Banner^ a Mr. 
Hampton, of Illinois, started in Marshall the 



392 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Sx\LINE COUNTY REPUBLICAN. 

This paper was also republican in politics, and in his salutatory, Mr. 
Hampton announced that he had provisioned the crew of his little craft 
with one year's stores, and he " hoped then, to be able to announce that 
the enterprise was a paying investment." The RefubUcan continued to 
exist two years, there or thereabouts, and then 'perished in the political 
revolution in Missouri in 1870. It was a fairly good paper, and conducted 
with fair ability. 

THE •• IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT." 

In January, 1877, Dr. W. S. Holland, started the Irrepressible Conjiict 
in Marshall, as an organ of the prohibitionists in particular, and of tem- 
perance in general. It is said to have been the first paper of its kind in 
the state. It was published semi-monthly. At the end of fifteen months 
the books and good will of the Conjiict were sold to F. M. Bemis, and 
was merged into the JVational Prohibitionist., of St. Louis, which also 
died in a year. 

THE MARSHALL GAZETTE. 

In the winter of 1877 and '78, Messrs. Frazee, Bryant & Bush started 
the Marshall Gazette m Marshall, a democratic and county newspaper, 
edited by W. D. Bush. A great deal of labor, mental and mechanical, 
was put upon this paper, and it was conducted with very decided ability, 
and zeal for democratic principles, but at the end of the year it gave out 
financially, and ceased to exist. 

THE BROWNSVILLE HERALD. 

The Brownsville Herald was established, in Brownsville, in this county, 
in August, 1874, by a joint-stock company, called the "Brownsville Pub- 
lishing Company," and leased to Rev. W. M. Prottsman and George W. 
Tuthill, then of Jefferson City — Mr. Prottsman as editor, and Mr. Tuthill 
business manager. At the end of the first year, Mr. Prottsman retired, 
and the office was leased to Tuthill, as editor, and Mr. J. W. 
Middleton, under the firm name of Tuthill & Middleton, until 
May, 1876, when Mr. Middleton's place was taken by Rev. Wm. J. 
Lapsley, under the firm name of Geo. W. Tuthill & Co., with Robert F. 
Yantis as business manager. In September, 1870, Mr. Lapsley sold his 
interest to Mr. Tuthill, who then became sole editor and business man- 
ager. The ofiice is still owned by the Brownsville Publishing Company, 
with Mr. Samuel Shanks as president. Dr. B. F. Dunkley, vice-president; 
P. D. Vandyke, treasurer, and J. L. Ferguson, secretary. Mr. Tuthill 
is editor and publisher, and the Herald is steadily gaining in circulation 
and influence. The Herald is doing earnest work for Brownsville 
and Saline county — a reward due the persistent effort, enterprise and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 393 

judgment with, which it has been conducted. It is strongl}- democratic 
in politics. 

BROWNSVILLE BANNER. 
Previous to the establishment of the Herald^ and for a time thereafter, 
a paper, called the Brownsville Banner, was conducted in Brownsville, by a 
Mr. Peterson — but it ceased to exist in 1875. 

» MIAMI CABLE. 

In IS 77, a small paper, called the Miami Cable, was started in Miami 
by Mr. Reynolds. In a short time it was transferred to Arrow Rock, by 
the same person, and there discontinued the next year. 

THE MIAMI INDEX. 
The Miami Index, a democratic paper, was established at Miami, in 
Saline county, March, 1S74, by Calhoan & Kirby. In November, of the 
same year, Mr. Kerby became sole proprietor. In March, 1875, Mr. 
Kirby sold out to Calhovan & Daggett, who ran it until January, 1876, 
when they sold it to Messrs. Henry E. & Wm. M. Smith. In a year or so 
after, Henry E. Smith became sole proprietor, and continued so, with W. 
M. L. Irvine as editor, until the paper was transferred to Slater, Saline 
county, under the name of 

THE SALINE COUNTY INDEX. 

The Saline County Index was removed to Slater, in the fall of 1880, 
where it has since been published (until very recently), by Maxfield & 
Smith — now solely by Henry E. Smith. It claims to be a local, not a 
political paper, but its. publisher is a democrat. 

THE MIAMI WEEKLY NEWS 

is a newspaper started in Miami, since the transfer of the Index to Slater, 
and edited by T. H. Graves. It is devoted to the interests of the county, 
generally, but especially of Miami township. It was established in the 
fall of 1880, by T. J. Graves. It was conducted by him until February, 
1881, when he sold out to his brother, Mr. T. H. Graves, present editor 
and proprietor. 

SLATER SENTINEL. 

The first paper published in Slater, Saline county, was the Slater Sen- 
tinel, in 1879, by Mr. James Eastin, formerly of the Glasgow 'Joiir'nal, — 
afterwards, Eastin & Schaub. The Sentinel was discontinued in the 
spring of 1880. Democratic in politics. 

THE SLATER MONITOR. 

The Monitor, J. R. Miller, editor and proprietor, was first established 
in this county, in Marshall, in 1879, where it was continued about a year, 
and was then moved to Slater, in Jan., 1880, by Mr. J. R. Miller, who is a 



394 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

native of Ralls county, Missouri. He first established the Monitor at 
Jacksonville, Illinois, as a " greenback " paper, and through all its muta- 
tions, it has continued " greenback " in politics to the present time, — with 
one page edited by Mrs. Miller, and devoted to the temperance cause. 
The Monitor is now prospering and is said to be on a firm basis. 

THE MARSHALL NEWS. 

Besides the Saline county Progress and Democrat^ there are four other 
newspapers established, or about to be established in Marshall — the daily 
and weekly News — the weekly Independent Missourian, the Irrepressible 
Conjlict and the Marshall Reptchlican. 

THE MARSHALL DAILY NEWS. 

The Marshall daily iV^w5 was established in June, 1879, by John C. 
Patterson, formerly connected with the Progress office, in Marshall. Mr. 
Patterson was quite a young man at that time, — not yet twenty-one years 
old. Almost without capital, it seemed a hopeless enterprise, — starting a 
daily newspaper in a town of little less than three thousand inhabitants. 
Young as he was, however, he brought to his aid the most unflagging 
energy, industry, perseverance and self-assertion, and has, at length, suc- 
ceeded in making the daily News^ (a five-column sheet, printed all at 
home), self-supporting; while the weekly News is paying handsomely, and 
is established upon a firm basis. The weekly Nczus was established in 
October, 1879, first on the co-operative plan, but is now printed entirely 
at home. As yet, the News has taken no part in politics, though Mr. 
Patterson is a democrat. The indomitable pluck of its founder deserves 
success, and it has before it a fair and hopeful future. 

THE INDEPENDENT MISSOURIAN. 
The Independent Missourian was established in Marshall in April, 1880, 
by Dr. W. S. Holland and S. E. DeRacken, as the organ of the prohibi- 
tionists, and devoted to the cause of temperance, generally. The paper is 
a seven column sheet. It started with a large circulation, and claims to 
have held the same steadily. In the spring of 1881, Dr. Holland sold his 
interest in the /. J/., to Mr. DeRacken — and the firm is now DeRacken & 
DeRacken, with S. E. DeRacken as editor. It claims to be independent 
in politics, and devoted to temperance, prohibition and the moral interests 
of the county generally. 

THE IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT. 
This paper, a two column octavo of sixteen pages, was established, or 
rather, revived in Marshall in June, 1881, by Dr. W. S. Holland, and unlike 
its predecessor, devoted solely and wholly to the cause of prohibition. It is 
issued semi-monthly, and bears the usual impress of Dr. Holland's earnest 
and vigorous pen. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 395 

THE (ARROW ROCK) ENTERPRISE. 
Some years ago, Mr. Scott Mills, son of Mr. Henr}^ S. Mills, of Arrow 
Rock, then but a boy, started a six column monthly, or a convenience, 
paper, called the Enterprise. The object of the Enterprise was a special 
advertising medium for the busmess of H. S. Mills & Co. Mr. Scott 
Mills is a gentleman of excellent abilities, and he has made his Enterprise 
a spicy, newsy and readable paper, as well as an advertising medium. 

THE MISSOURI STATE REPUBLICAN. 

This is the very latest newspaper enterprise in Saline county to the 
present date. The founders of this new journalistic enterprise are Messrs. 
A. G.Harlan, of Andrew county, Missouri, and M. R. Stansbury, of Illi- 
nois. This paper is to make its first appearance in this present month of 
June, 1881, with A. G. Harlan as editor, and Mr. Stansbury as business 
manager, and is to be republican in politics. 



THE SALINE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 

The first efTort at forming a medical society was made just after the 
close of the war, by two or three physicians, then living in and around 
Marshall, which was a failure, however, in consequence of the disturbed 
condition of society. A schedule of fees was adopted, but it, too, failed 
of general acceptance. 

In 1868, Drs. E. S. Clarkson, Sam Smith, Chastain, Good, C. A. 
Clarkson, Tucker, and several others, met at the office of Drs. Good & 
Gale, organized an association, called the Saline County Medical Society, 
and elected Dr. E. S. Clarkson, president, Dr. , vice-presi- 
dent, and Dr. Good, secretar}'. This societ}^ also adopted a schedule of 
fees, and continued for three years to meet and transact business. The 
same officers were continued until 1871, when it gradually ceased to 
meet. 

In 1874, the number of physicians in Marshall having increased con- 
siderably, notice was given to all the physicians in the county, that a 
meeting would be held on the 27th of January, 1874, in Marshall, at the 
office of Drs. Tucker «& Anderson, for the purpose of organizing a med- 
ical society, or of reorganizing. 'J'he following physicians responded to 
the call: Doctors Staples, Lewis, Morris, Combs, Hall, Chastain, Dug- 
gins, Garnett, C. A. Clarkson, Tucker, and Anderson. The object of the 
meeting, as briefly explained by Dr. Combs, was to form a medical asso- 
ciation, for the mutual diffusion of medical knowledge in the profession, 
to advance the interests of the profession in this county, and to bring phy- 
sicians together for the interchange of opinion, the report of interesting 



396 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



cases, the expression of views upon various remedies, and for concert of 
action in subduing charlatanry and quackery. 

On motion, Dr. Staples was elected temporary chairman, and Dr. 
Anderson, secretary. 

After fully considering the matter, it was determined to reorganize — 
that is, to adopt the constitution and by-laws which governed the previ- 
ous society of 1S6S, which was accordingly done, and the present society 
organized as a continuance, with the same constitution and by-laws, and 
the same name — that of the Saline County Medical Society. Dr . Matthew 
W. Hall was then elected president; Dr. Staples, ficst vice-president; Dr. 
Tucker, second vice-president, and Dr. Combs, third vice-president; Dr. 
Garnett, treasurer, and Dr. Anderson, secretary. 

Under this organization the society has continued to the present time, 
and thereby proved itself now one of the permanent institutions of 
Saline county, and meets regularly in Marshall, once a month. Occa- 
sionally it has failed to meet at the regular times, from inclemency of the 
weather, or other transient causes, but, on the whole, it may now be 
classed as one of the county's fixed institutions. 

The officers of the society are elected at the May meeting, of each 
year. The following is a list of presidents, down to the present time, 
from the beginning: Drs. E. S. Clarkson, M. W. Hall, G. H. Bowers, 
F. A. Combs, E. M. Talbott, E. S. Clarkson (twice), B. St. George 
Tucker (twice), and C. L. Hall. 

Of these highly esteemed and able physicians, one is now dead, Dr. E. 
S. Clarkson, and two have left the state, Dr. F. A. Combs to California, 
and Dr. B. St. George Tucker to Colorado. 

The following list of accepted members embraces nearly all the regular 
physicians of the county: 



DOCTORS. POSTOFFICE. 

G. H. Bowers Arrow Rock 

R. E. McClellan .... 
J. C. B.Ish 

*D. D. Waod 

*P. L. Hurt 

Abram Neff " 

C. A. Carthrae Orearville 

L. M. Alexander Marshall 

R. Wilson Cambridge 

I. A. Walton 

J . N. Dunlap Miami 

W. H. Morris 

George Duggins 

A. A. Wheeler 

*Wm. M. Bell 



DOCTORS. 



POSTOFFICE. 



J. Wilhite Cambridge 

G. W. Herald Little Rock 

M. F. Bell Miami 

A.H.Sullivan " 

A. S. McDaniel " 

H. F. Brown " 

J. C. Walker Herndon 

J. F. Wheeler 

E. M. Clark (deed). . .Malta Bend 

*Robert McNutt Marshall 

Wm. S. Harrison " 

P. B. Purcell Malta Bend 

*J. F. Bruner 

*— . Richart Marshall 

J. Winsborough Slater 



*Have moved out of the county. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



397 



DOCTORS. POSTOFFICE. 

W.'B. S. Lewis Blackburn 

Thomas A. Yancy. . . . Malta Bend 
Addison Brown (deed). " 

W. Peters 

Thomas Staples Booneville 

*J. R. Lewis 

M. W. Hall Marshall 

C.L.Hall " 

J.R.Hall " 

E. S. Clarkson (deed) .... " 
C. A. Clarkson » 

*B. St. George Tucker. . . " 

F. A. Combs " 

W. G. Fisher Napton 

E. M. Talbott Fairville 



DOCTORS. POSTOFFICE. 

J. L. T. Lupton Malta Bend 

— . Rowland " 

— . Morgan " 

John Blackburn Salt Springs 

Joseph Field Slater 

Fisk Elgin Marshall 

James L. Lowery Elmwood 

-■•N. M. Baskett Marshall 

F. A. Howard Slater 

*— . Fulcher " 

— . Harrison Mt. Leonard 

James R. Brown Malta Bend 

E.W.Smith Slater 

Thomas B. Hall Marshall 



THE FAIR ASSOCIATIONS. 

No reports from the agricultural societies of the county have been 
received, although solicited. It is known, however, that as early as 1839 
the county court ordered the sheriff to summon the citizens of the county 
to meet at Jonesboro and form an agricultural and mechanical association. 
Whether or not this was done cannot now be stated.f 

THE SALINE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION. 

This association was probably the first of the kind formed in the county. 
It was organized in 1856. Gov. M. M. Marmaduke was the first presi- 
dent. The citizens of Miami township took a majority of the shares 
of stock of the association, and upon a vote of the stockholders to 
determine where the grounds of the association should be located and its 
exhibitions held, the town of Miami was selected as such location. The 
first fair was there held in the year 1857. 

Governor Marmaduke served two years as president of the society and 
was succeeded by R. Latimer, and he by Col. John M. Lewis. 

During the civil war no exhibitions were held and the operations of the 
association were generally suspended. The grounds were occupied by the 
soldiery and the fencing and amphitheater totally destroyed. After the 
close of the war the association was revived, the grounds repaired, new 
buildings, etc., put up, and fairs were held. 

* Have moved out of the county. 

f A meeting of the citizens of Saline county for the purpose of forming a county agri- 
cultural society is ordered to be held in Jonesboro on the 17th of June, next, and the 
sheriff is ordered to give notice of the same by advertisements, put up in the different 
townships in this county. — Extract from the journal of proceedings of the county court. 
May, 1839. 



398 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The first president after the war was David Vaughan; the next, Hon. 
I. S. Parsons. 

THE SALINE COUNTY CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSO- 

CIATION 

was organized in 1871, and held its first fair at Marshall, September 26th, 
of the same year, continuing four days. 

The Sweet Springs district fair association, at Brownsville, was organ- 
ized in 1S75, and held its first fair in that year. 



THE GENERAL MUSTERS. 

In early days in Missouri and Saline county, all able-bodied men, 
between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, were required to organize 
into companies, choose officers, and meet at stated times and places for 
drill and exercise in military evolutions. The company commissioned 
officers were a captain and lieutenants. Companies were organized into 
battalions; battalions into regiments, with colonels, lieutenant-colonels, 
majors and other field officers; regiments into brigades, with a brigadier- 
general in command; brigades into divisions, with a major-general in com- 
mand, and the whole under the charge of the governor, ex-officio com- 
mander-in-chief of the military forces of the state. 

In Saline county, company musters were held in nearly every township, 
at a town, if there was one in the township, and if there was no town, 
then at some other convenient public place. Battalion musters were held 
at Miami, Jonesboro, Marshall, Keyser's bridge, over Salt Fork, and 
elsewhere. General musters were at the county seat usually. 

The militia of the county were all required to attend these musters, or 
present a satisfactory reason for a failure, or else suffer a fine. They 
were also required to bring their arms with them, if they had any, and in 
early days, these arms must be " in good order." As not every man had 
a gun, numbers went through the manual of arms with sticks, cornstalks, 
and other implements. As not every officer had a sword, " daggers of 
lath," and sabers and rapiers of pine were waved and flourished in direct- 
ing the movements of the troops. 

All the drilling that was done, however, was not of a very eftectiv-e sort. 
The drill-masters were not very efficient, to begin with, and their tactics 
differed very widely from the more modern ones of Hardee and Upton. 
Then the " troops " wer^ undisciplined, and resented all attempts to force 
them to become the " machines," which the Duke of Wellington said all 
men should become, in order to be good soldiers. Indeed, general mus- 
ters were only kept up and submitted to by the people, for a long time, 



% 

HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 399 

on account of the "fun " that always attended them. The theoiy was a 
good one — that in time of peace people should prepare for war, and that 
a well regulated militia was necessary to the peace and security of a 
country; but, in practice, musters became troublesome, inconvenient, 
and unhand}', and productive of no good, and the legislature abolished the 
militia law about the time of the breaking out of the Mexican war. 

The provisions of the militia law were changed from time to time, but 
as a general rule, company musters were held once a month, battalion 
musters, twice a year, and general musters, yearly. The men were not 
uniformed. The officers were compelled to uniform themselves, at their 
own expense. The state furnished a great many arms and equipments, 
chiefly holster and dragoon pistols, belts, sabers and the like. At Mar- 
shall these arms were turned over to Major John W. Bryant, who stored 
them away, and in IS 50, parties going to California, broke into the build- 
ing and appropriated the most of them. 

One thing surely the musters produced — a bountiful supply of military 
titles. The county was abundantly furnished with captains and majors, 
and colonels, many of whom, though they never set a squadron in the 
field, or knew^ the evolution of a legion, yet were glorious to behold when 
they w"ere clad in their showy uniforms, and mounted upon their spirited 
steeds, leading their commands to the drill ground. But though at times 
the parades w^ere conducted with all the pomp and circumstance of glori- 
ous war, they came to be considered, as they were, nuisances, and the 
performances ridiculous and farcical. 

There were not drillings and meetings enough to render the militiamen 
trained soldiers, and there were too much for comfort. Courts-martial 
convened at the court house quite frequently for the trial of offenders 
against the militia law, and many a luckless delinquent was fined for his 
non-attendance at drills or musters, or for other offenses. 

.There was always fun at the musters, more or less in quantity and bet- 
ter or worse in quality. Great crowds attended the general musters. Old 
darkies were there with spruce beer and ginger cakes; refreshment stands 
abounded; horse races w^ere made and run; foot-races, wrestling matches, 
and other athletic snorts were indulged in, and many a listicuft' was fought 
on muster day. At all these things, and at the drilling and evolutions of 
the militiamen, the crowd stared and admired. 

Ah, well ! Though we are disposed to sneer at the old militia musters 
and training days, there was doubtless more of good than harm in them, 
and they served in some degree as recreations and " places to go," so 
scarce in early times. 

" The parade is dismissed." 



400 HISTORY OF SALINE COUN'Jjj^'. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF SALINE COUNTY. 

BY THE SUPERINTENDENT. 

The public school system of Saline county, as also throughout the state, 
is comparatively in its infancy. The new constitution, however, has laid 
the foundation upon a basis, deep, broad and liberal; and by wise and judi- 
cious legislation, the system will ripen into maturity, and compare favor- 
ably with any state in the Union. 

In 1874, by legislative enactment, county supervision, which required 
county superintendents to visit all the schools, dehver lectures, and main- 
tain a direct influence, was abolished, except in counties adopting the provi- 
sion of Section 7086, in the revised statutes of Missouri, and only one 
county in the state has availed itself of the benefits of said provision. 

Many friends of the public school system, regarded- this change in its 
agency, as adverse to the healthy growth, successful progress, and full 
development of educational interests. 

The law creating the system is so comprehensive, its details of execu- 
tion are so multitudinous, that school officers are not sufficiently skilled as 
yet to adjust the whole to its parts; but there is some improvement in this 
direction. 

In view of all the difficulties, imperfections and complications connected 
with the execution of the school system, there has been a gradual and hope- 
ful progress in the past few years; and while the advance has not been 
so rapid as might be desired, yet it is worthy of note. 

STATISTICS. 

Number of schools: white, 12.5; colored, 20. Teachers, 160: white, 
140; colored, 20. Number of children of school age, 10,156: white, male, 
4,38.5; female, 4,286; colored, male, 744; female, 741. Attending school: 
male, white, 2,001; female, 2,268; colored, male, 472; female, 351. Num- 
ber of days attendance by all, 325,666. Value of school property, $92,000. 
Teachers' wages, $25,000. Expended last year, $20,000, for building 
purposes.* 

*Accompanying the above report was the following letter : 

" I regret, mucb, that it is a matter of impossibility to obtain the correct history, with 
statistics, of the public schools of Saline county. During the late civil war, the court house 
at Marshall was burned (1864), and the records of public schools were also consumed, at 
least, their statistical history. So far from its being any trouble to me to have written a 
correct and continuous history of public schools in Saline county, tor your coming history, 
I would have esteemed it a pleasure and public bcnelit, if it were possible, but in the 
absence of such facts as we want, it cannot be done. The schools, during the war, were 

fenerally suspended. I can only give a correct account of public schools since 1873. When 
came into the office of superintendent of public schools, of Saline county, I received no 
records, except a record of teachers' names, from my predecessor. 

Very respectfully yours, Oliver Guthrie. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 401 



STEAMBOAT DISASTERS. 



Mr. J. H. Pickett, an old steamboat man, has furnished a list of all the 
steamboats lost in the Missouri river, within the boundaries, or on the 
borders of Saline county. 

Commencing at Arrow Rock, there the steamer Tom Rogers was 
burned. One mile above, the IVew Sam Gaty was burned, after the war. 
Still above, the Dart was sunk many years ago. Next, the y. H. Ogleshy 
was sunk, in the year 1850. Just below Glasgow, the Euphrasia, said to 
have been one of the best boats of her time, was lost, in the year 1840. 
At the Glasgow levee, the fine steamer, West Wind, was set on fire by 
Confederate partisan rangers, during the war, and entirely destroyed. 
Below Frankfort lies the wreck of the Little Missouri. The Waverly 
was sunk at the head of Keytesville bend ; the George C. Wolf above ; 
the Wakenda at the foot of Wakenda prairie, the latter steamer hav- 
ing gone down in the spring of 1846. Next above was the large side- 
wheel steamer, Columbian, sunk in 1870. Below Brunswick is the wreck 
of the R. W. Uuggan, a stern-wheeler. Half a mile above the last 
named wreck, in 1857, there was lost the palace steamer, A'^ezu Lucy. 
She belonged to the " Lightning" line of steamers, running from Weston, 
in connection with the Pacific railroad at Jefferson City. In the winter of 
1857, she was frozen in, at a point opposite De Witt, and while ice-bound, 
was, by the carelessness of the watchman, burned. At Scott's Island, the 
stern-wheel steamer, Mary Bell, sank, in the year 1878. The Gov. Allen 
went to the bottom in Thomas' bend, seven miles above Miami, in 1876. 
In the year 1835, the Malta found a watery sepulchre for herself and some 
of her crew, in the bend which has since borne the name of Malta bend, 
near the town of that name. At Gilliam's landing, the steamer Mary 
McDonald, burned in the year 1873. The Trofic, rendered somewhat 
famous by its connection with the great humorist, " Mark Twain," him- 
self a steamboat pilot, sank just west of the confines of Saline county, in 
1856. About thirty lives were lost. The previous spring she had met 
with a disaster, inside the boundaries of Saline county, " picking up " a 
snag, which passed through her engine room, severing a steampipe, by 
which several lives were then lost. Two of the Tropic's captains — 
Glime, who commanded when the first mishap occurred, and McMillan, 
her captain when she was destroyed — were victims of the burning and 
explosion of the gigantic St. Nicholas, on the lower Mississippi, in 1858, 
both losing their lives. The family of Capt. Glime also perished in the 
last disaster. 



26 



402 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



WEST POINT CADETS. 



In 1874, Mr. Heber M. Creel was appointed, though Hon. John B. 
Clark, Jr., a cadet at West Point. With seven others he stood the exam- 
ination, mental and physical, and entered the academy that year, and 
graduated in 1878 with high honors. He now holds the office of lieuten- 
ant U. S. A., and has served over three years, four years being the 
required time of service. In 1879 he was sent by the war department on 
special duty to the Indian frontiers — to learn their language and write a 
grammar and dictionary for them. Before he had completed any but the 
latter, he was ordered to rejoin his regiment in Dakota. He is now at 
Devil's Lake, Fort Totten, Dakota. He is a lieutenant in Custer's old 
regiment, 7th U. S. Cavalry. 

In March, 1881, through the instrumentality of Hon. John B. Clark, 
Jr., who is still the member from this congressional district, Wilson Porter 
Boyd, son of Samuel Boyd, Esq., of Marshall, was also appointed by the 
war department a cadet at the West Point Military Academy. 



the; sappington school fund, 

Now amounting to more than $40,000, was originally a donation by Dr. 
John Sappington for the schooling of the indigent orphan children of this 
county. The fund was placed in the hands of the following gentlemen, 
as a perpetual board of trustees, with the power of tilling vacancies in the 
board: Claiborne F. Jackson, William Price, Erasmus D. Sappington, 
William B. Sappington, A. M. Davidson, R. E. McDaniel, William H. 
Lewis, John W. Bryant, Ossimus Hurt and John Lynch. The design of 
the donation was that the fund should be put at interest, and continue in 
existence for all time. 

The fund has been so judiciously managed and appropriated that it has 
served to educate a large proportion of the poor orphans of Saline, and 
many other poor children, who would, otherwise, have lacked the benefits 
of education ; and has likewise been steadil}- increased in the amount of 
its principal, until now it nearly doubles the original in amount. The 
officers of the board of trustees are a chairman, a secretary and treasurer. 
The present treasurer, Mr. Wm. B. Sappington, has held the office with- 
out interruption for twenty-four years, since 1857. By a provision of the 
instrument creating the "Sappington school fund," no officer of the board 
of trustees is permitted to receive compensation for his services. The 
board meets annually on the second Monday of August, and by the pro- 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 403 

visions of its creation no portion of the fund is to be loaned upon any 
security less than real estate, of three times the value of the money 
loaned — except that sums of $500 and less may be loaned upon the per- 
sonal security of three responsible parties, the interest to be payable annu- 
ally. The first meeting of the board was held on the first Monday in 
March, ISo-i, and C. F. Jackson was first treasurer, and acted until July, 
1S57, when the present treasurer, Wm. B. Sappington was chosen in his 
place. 



DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The following biographical sketches of prominent citizens, now dead or 
absent, of the county, are entitled a place in this work. Indeed, no history 
of the county would be complete without them. 

GOV. CLAIBORNE F. .JACKSON. 

Claiborne Fox Jackson, son of Dempsey and Mary (Pickett) Jackson, 
w^as born near Flemingsburgh, Fleming county, Kentucky, April 4, 1806. 
His father was a hardworking farmer, in moderate circumstances, and 
only able to give his children, of whom he had ten, a common school edu- 
cation. When a boy, young Claiborne was weak and sickly, and his 
mother, who did her own weaving, taught him to weave on a small loom, 
an article of furniture to be found in every household in that da}', and it is 
said that he became quite a proficient weaver. As he grew older, how- 
ever, he grew stronger, and w^as able to work on his father's farm in the 
summer and attend school in the winter. When not at work or in school 
he nearly always had a book in his hand, and was soon regarded as a 
young man of more than average information and of great promise. 

At an early age young Jackson left Kentucky and came to Old Franklin, 
Howard county, Missouri. Here he procured a situation as clerk in the 
store of Heckman & Lamb, dealers in general merchandise. After a 
time, in company with Caleb Jones, now of Booneville, he bought out his 
employers and succeeded them in business. In 1830, Jackson & Jones 
established a branch store at Arrow Rock, and Mr. Jackson removed to 
that point to take charge of it. Samuel Miller succeeded Jones, the firm 
becoming Jackson & Miller. He was also in business a portion of the 
time with his father-in-law. Dr. John Sappington. 

In 1836, Jackson & Miller sold out their store in Arrow Rock to Barnes 
& McMahan, and Mr. Jackson went into politics. He ran as a Jackson- 
Benton democrat for the legislature, and was elected by a majority of six 
votes over his w^hig competitor. Judge Hayes. In 1837, he was appointed 



404 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the first postmaster of the new postoffice at Arrow Rock. The govern- 
ment refused to establish this office unless Mr. Jackson would give a bond 
to pay all expenses. This he did. In 1S54, the postoffice department 
brought up art account against him for this sum, about $600. Fortunately 
the contract was " to pay all expenses and receive all receipts." Upon this 
being pointed out, the matter was soon settled with the department. Upon 
the establishment of the branch bank of the state of Missouri, at Fayette, 
Mr. Jackson was given the position of cashier, which he accepted, and 
removed with his family to a farm which he had purchased near that place. 
He remained here some years, when he returned to Saline county. In a 
short time he again went to Howard. Here he was elected to the lower 
house of the state legislature, about the year 1846. Upon the expiration 
of his term as representative he was elected to the state senate, and became 
the leader of the anti-Benton democrats upon the floor. He presented 
the famous "Jackson resolutions," and championed them through the 
legislature, succeeding at last in having them adopted. In 1852 or 1853 
he returned to his Saline county farm near Arrow Rock, which he ever 
after considered his home. 

It is not intended in this sketch to give a complete record of the public 
life of Gov. Jackson. His name and his fame are too well known to the 
readers of these pages to need such a mention. Only those details proper 
to one of his prominent connection with the history of his county, his 
state, and his country, ought to be given. No fulsome adulation of his 
character is attempted. He would not suffer such a thing, were he 
ahve, and respect for his memory is due him, now that he is ashes and 
dust. 

In 1860, he was elected governor of the state, on the Douglas and 
Johnson ticket, over Sample Orr, the Bell and Everett candidate; Han- 
cock Jackson, the nominee of the Breckenridge and Lane democrats, and 
Gardenhire, the republican candidate. Before his inauguration angry 
clouds darkened the political sky, and everything was portentous of a ter- 
rible storm. Gov. Jackson was, in every sense, a southern man, and had 
been for years. He believed in the right of secession, but doubted its 
practicability at the time. He knew that all of the people of Missouri, or 
even a considerable majority of them, were not ready to secede and join 
the Southern Confederacy, and he deprecated taking any action in that 
direction until they were — until succeeding events, which he beheved 
would happen, should occur. He did not wish to make a "bungle," or a 
failure. The south and her institutions had no warmer or better friend 
than Claiborne Jackson, and Missouri no citizen more devoted in his alle- 
giance to her, or more jealous of her rights and privileges, or more sen- 
sible of the violent encroachments upon them by the northern states; yet 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 405 

he deemed the time most inopportune for the extraordinary remedy of 
secession, however much he may have desired it. 

Gov. Jackson's connection with the beginning of the civil war is detailed 
on other pages. After being driven from the capitol, in June, 1861, he 
accompanied his state guards to Booneville, and was present at the fight 
between them and Lyon'3 troops, and followed them to the southwestern 
part of the state. He was present at the engagements at Carthage and 
Drywood, not at the rear, but at the front, in the midst of his troops, 
whom he stimulated and encouraged by his example to deeds of courage 
and bravery. At the time of the action at Oak Hill, or Wilson's Creek, 
Gov. Jackson was at Richmond, in consultation with the Confederate 
authorities. At the battle of Lexington, and capture of Mulligan and his 
forces, he was present, and when the army retreated he followed it, with 
his family, sharing all the toils, privations, and discomforts of the private 
soldiers. At Neosho, he stopped with the army, and re-convened the 
legislature — the legislature which he recognized as the legitimate one — 
and approved the ordinance of secession passed by that body. He went 
on to Arkansas, and was in various parts of the south during the spring 
and summer of 1862. In October, he returned to Little Rock. In the 
meantime he had purchased a tract of land in Texas, whither he had sent 
his family. 

Shortly after his arrival at Little Rock the last time. Gov. Jackson was 
taken with a severe cold. He had long been troubled with an affection 
of the stomach, and was soon prostrated. After an illness of some six 
weeks, at 9 o'clock on the evening of the 6th of December, 1862, he 
died. At the time of his death he lay in a boarding house on the bank of 
the Arkansas river, opposite the city of Little Rock. His wife, his 
daughter Annie, and his son, Col. Wm. S., were present at his bedside in 
his dying moments. He was perfectly conscious to almost the last 
moment. He expressed his firm faith in the triumph of the Confederate 
cause, and desired much to live to see it. He assured his wife and daugh- 
ter of his lasting affection for them, and that they would be cared for by 
their country upon the restoration of peace. He was at first buried ir 
Little Rock cemetery, but in July, 1867, his remains were transferred to 
the Sappington graveyard, in this county, where they now lie, beside 
those of his wife, who died in Red River county, Texas, July 5, 1864. 

Governor Jackson was thrice married, his wives being sisters, the 
daughters of Dr. John Sappington, His first wife was Jane Breathitt 
Sappington, to whom he was married February IT, 1831. She lived but 
a few months. His second wife was Louisa Catherine Sappington, whom 
he married September 12, 1833. By this marriage he had three children — 
Col. S., born July 13, 1834, died July 31, 1880; John Breathitt, born April 
25, 1836, died October 6, 1865; Andrew, born February 21, 1838, died 



406 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

June 10 of the same year. Mrs. Jackson died May 9, 1838. November 
27, 1838, Gov. Jackson married his last wife, Mrs. Eliza W. Pearson, nee 
Sappington. To this union were born three children — Claiborne F., Jr., 
born September 30, 1839, died March 23, 1864; Louisa Jane, born April 
22, 1841, now wife of Dr. C. L. Lamb, of Hannibal; Annie Eliza, born 
May 13, 1844, now wife of John B. Perkins, Esq., of Marshall. 

Gov. Jackson was not a member of any religious organization, although 
a man of excellent morals and the highest integrity of character. His 
word was never doubted, his honor never impeached. His strongest ene- 
mies, in the heat of bitterest political contests, never assailed his personal 
character. He died as he had lived, resigned to the will of his Maker, 
and fearing nothing for his future. He was an affectionate father, and of 
a kindly, chivalrous nature, born of his nobility of character. When 
inaugurated governor, among his first official acts was to discharge every 
female inmate of the penitentiary, no matter what her offense had been, 
for the reason, as he said, that the penitentiary was not a fit place for a 
woman. 

In person, Gov. Jackson was six feet one and a half inches in height, and 
weighed about 170 pounds. His hair was coal-black, his eyes dark-graj', 
his complexion fair. His voice was strong and well adapted to public 
speaking. He was a natural orator and speaker, and the best portion of 
his life was spent in the service of his country and his fellow-men. 

GOV. M. M. MARMADUKE. 

Meredith Miles Marmaduke was born in Westmoreland count}'-, Vir- 
ginia, in 1791. His ancestors were quite prominent in England, the Mar- 
madukes especially being members of the best families. The subject of 
this sketch belonged to about the third American generation of this 
family. He received his education in the common schools of his state and 
at a high school. 

At the ac^e of 22 he was commissioned colonel of the Westmoreland 
county regiment, and served with it in the second war with Great Britain 
or the war of 1812. After the war he was clerk of the county court of 
Westmoreland county, and also United States marshal for that district of 
Virginia. 

In 1821 he came to Missouri, settling first at Old Franklin, and engag- 
ing in the Santa Fe trade, making trips to and from that renowned old 
Spanish city, now in the United States. After his first trip to and return 
from Sante Fe, he was married to Lavinia Sappington, the second child 
of Dr. John Sappington, a native of Nashville, Tenn., who was educated 
at the Mrs. Keats' seminary, in southern Kentucky." Col. Marmaduke 
was the father of ten children, nine of whom are now living, six sons and 

*See " Early Marriages." 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 407 

three daughters — Col. Vincent, Gen. John S., Meredith M., Jr., Darwin 
\V., Henry H., Leslie, Mrs. Jane B. Harwood, Mrs. Sarah Yerby, and 
Mrs. Lavinia Bruce. 

Col. Marmaduke continued in the Santa Fe trade about six years. He 
was very successful. He then settled on his farm, five miles west of 
Arrow Rock, at which place his son Vincent now lives. He was one of 
the best practical and most successful farmers in the state, and accumu- 
lated a large fortune. He was greatly interested in agricultural pursuits, 
and took an interest in everything affecting their welfare. He was presi- 
dent of the first agricultural society of the county, and of the district fair 
association. 

Soon after his settlement in this county, Col. Marmaduke was elected 
county judge, and afterwards county surveyor. For many years he was 
in some official capacity in the county, but never upon his own seeking. 
In 1840, he was elected lieutenant-governor on the democratic ticket, with 
Thomas Reynolds as governor. Upon the death of the latter, in 1S44» 
he became governor, and filled the office during his brief term to the 
entire satisfaction of the people of the state. In 1847, he was a member 
of the convention to revise the constitution of the state. 

When the troubles of 1860-61 came, he opposed, with great strength, 
the plans of the secessionists, and declared himself, at different public 
meetings, a constitutional Union man, inflexible ?lnd unalterable, devoted to 
the old Union, under whose flag he had served, and wished to live and 
die. In speeches made to the people of Saline county, from the stone 
steps of the old hotel in Marshall, early in 1861, he prophesied the woes 
that should come upon this county and country, should men allow their 
passions, rather than their reason, to govern their action, arid suffer the 
country to be plunged into civil war. He depicted many of the horrors 
that afterward came, so distinctly and so vividly, that it seemed, in later 
days, as if he must have spoken by inspiration. He was then seventy 
years of age, and was physically unable to take any part in the war that 
did come, but it is doubtful if he would have done so had he been in his 
prime. He always abhorred even the thought of war between fellow- 
citizens of a common country — especially between Americans, whose 
ancestors had mingled their blood, in order that the Union might forever 
live, and not die. Though he did not endorse all the acts of the Federal 
authorities, — had no sympathy in common with the northern fanatics — 
he yet desired that the Union should be preserved. While sympathizing 
deeply with the southern people, he had no affection for the Confederate 
cause and remained a constitutional Union man to the end of his days. 
Before the war he was known as a strong Benton democrat, and in this 
faith he never wavered. Two of his sons — Maj. Gen. John S. and Col. 



40S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Vincent Marmaduke — rose to distinction in the Confederate army and 
service ; his other sons took no part in the war on either side. 

During the war, in so great esteem was Col. Marmaduke held by all 
parties, that Confederates and Federals treated him with the greatest con- 
sideration. His property was but little molested, and he himself was 
never disturbed. The regular soldiers of both sides were always regarded 
by him with respect, but he despised and did not recognize either the 
thieving militia or the bushwhackers. 

March 26, 1864, Gov. Marmaduke died at his old homestead, in Arrow 
Rock township, at the age of seventy-three. The direct cause of his 
death was inflammation of the stomach and bowels. He was buried in the 
Sappington cemetery, according to the rites of Free Masonry, he having 
been a Mason for a number of years. His funeral was largely attended. 
He was not a member of any church, but his career was that of the most 
exemplary Christian gentleman. 

In person, Gov. Marmaduke was about five feet ten inches in height, 
and inclined to corpulency. His weight was about 210 or 215 pounds. 
His hair was dark, his eyes hazel-gray. No man in the county had more 
or warmer friends, or better deserved them. As a soldier, a statesman, a 
citizen, a man, he was the peer of his fellows, and Saline county especially 
should ever cherish his memory as a precious heritage. 

COL. GEORGE W. ALLEN. 

George Washington Allen was bom near Staunton, Augusta county, 
Virginia, October 4, 1807. He was educated in the schools of his native 
county. In early life he taught school in Virginia and Tennessee. He 
was married in Virginia, to Miss Lucy Ann Coiner. He afterward 
engaged in merchandising. Upon the breaking out of the war with 
Mexico he enlisted in Captain Harper's company of a Virginia volunteer 
regiment, and served two 3'ears, with the rank of first sergeant, in Gen. 
Harney's division. 

In 1850, he removed with his familv to this county and located on a 
farm two and a half miles from Marshall, where he engaged in farming 
for some years. During this period he was elected county surveyor, and 
was justly regarded as one of the very best surveyors the county ever 
had. Determining to engage in some other avocation, he quit farming, 
removed to Marshall, and became a merchant. Upon the establishment 
of the Saline Cotmty Herald, the first paper ever published in Saline 
county, Col. Allen became its editor. He was an able editor, and was 
soon recognized as one of the leading politicians of central Missouri. He 
was an old-line whig, and did very much to maintain the supremacy of 
his part)- in this county. 

He deprecated civil war, and opposed secession. His earnest hope, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 409 

after the election of Mr. Lincoln, when there was such intense excitement 
throughout the south, was, that war might be averted. At a meeting of 
the citizens of Saline county, in January, 1861, a day of humiliation, fast- 
ing, and prayer, in view of the impending troubles, the following hymn, 
composed by Col. A. was sung: 

Father, of our fathers, hear. 
Lend, oh! lend a listening ear; 
' Thou, who didst our fathers save. 

Wilt Thou not compassion have? 
In this hour of deep distress, 
Be our strength and righteousness? 

May not rashness, sin, and pride, 
Long our favored land divide; 
Grant that we again may see, 
Brethren everywhere agree. 
May our people yet appear. 
Banded as our fathers were. 

Heavenly Father, grant that we, 
Still may highly favored be ; 
Hating sin and loving right. 
Accepted, Father, in Thy sight. 
When such clouds as now arise, 
Darkening all our brightest skies 

Bid us fear no lasting ill. 
In thy words of " peace, be still," 
Bid our strife forever cease. 
May we live in bonds of peace. 
Then will we our Father bless; 
Praise the Lord in righteousness. 

But on the breaking out of hostilities. Col. Allen espoused the cause of 
the south. He joined the staff of Maj.-Gen. Sterling Price of the Mis- 
souri State Guards, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. At the battle of 
Oak Hill, or Wilson's creek, August 10, 1861, he was bearing an order 
from Gen. Price to some subordinate commander, and when riding in 
front of the Federal line, he was struck in the mouth by a minie ball and 
instantly killed. He was buried on the battle-field, where his remains yet 
rest. 

Col. Allen was not a member of any church, but he was a man of the 
highest moral character, and most correct habits. His ability was of far 
more than common order, and he was considered a leading citizen of the 
county. He left five children, one, Capt. James W. Allen, being in the 
service with him; the other four were daughters, two of whom. Miss 
Mary J., and Mrs. Margaret E. Montague are now living. Capt. Allen 
now resides in St. Louis. 

COL. WM. SAPPINGTON JACKSON. 
Col. W. S. Jackson died at his home in Marshall, August 31, 1880. 
The following biographical sketch appeared in the Marshall Daily News 
of that day, and was written by Chas. G. Patterson, Esq. No improve- 



410 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. • 

ment can be made upon it in the particulars of completeness of detail, 
exactness of description, accuracy of composition, or beauty of style, and 
it is incorporated in history as it was written: 

He had been ill only a short time, and his sudden departure from life, in 
the zenith of manhoocl and usefulness, casts a gloom over this county and 
his numerous friends in this state, that will linger many a day. He had 
just returned from Jefferson City, where he went as a delegate to the 
democratic state convention, and it is thought that the excitement there • 
and his feeble health induced by long and close attention to the duties of 
county clerk, brought on the sickness which was so fatal. He died as he 
had lived, a brave man, his last words being about the great civil strife, 
and the smile that has played upon his countenance so often in the hour 
of battle was there again to his last breath, as when the lurid blaze of can- 
non and musketry lit it up in days of yore, and it lingered there until and 
even after the gallant Colonel had joined his old comrades in the bivouac 
of eternal life, beyond the silent river. Col. Jackson was a perfect type of 
manhood — generous, kind hearted, just and true. He had the politeness 
of a Chesterfield, and everyone that knew him became his friend, as his 
magnetic smiles always inspired confidence and the suavity of his manners 
and his noble magnanimity created esteem. He has often been honored 
by his fellow-citizens with positions of trust, and the tenacity wath which 
he has held on to his honors and the firmness with which his friends have 
always stood by him, reveal the true character of one of the best, kindest 
and tVuest men God ever made. He was not a religious man, yet he res- 
pected religion. He had his faults, but they injured himself onl3\ Since 
he has been a public officer not a stain or a blemish has been stamped on 
his reputation, and he died — an honest man. The following brief history 
of his lite will be of interest to all, especially those who wish to keep his 
memory green in hearts that have loved him as a father, husband and 
friend: 

Col. Jackson was born July 13, 1834, in Arrow Rock, Saline county, 
Missouri, and had passed his 46th year when death called him away. 
His father was Governor C. F. Jackson, and grandfather Dr. John Sap- 
pington. He was educated principally at the Howard high school, and 
went from that institution, with the highest recommendations as to schol- 
'arship, to the university of Virginia, then as now one of the most celebra- 
ted colleges in the United States, where he was matriculated in 1853, and 
remained in the law department one year to prepare himself for that pro- 
fession. When his father was elected governor he was appointed the 
governor's private secretary, which position he held until the war broke 
out. On the 21st of May, 1861, he was commissioned as aid-de-camp for 
the sixth military district of Missouri, with the rank of colonel. In May, 
1861, he left with the Confederate troops for southwest Missouri, and in 
]uly took an active part in the battle of Carthage, the first of importance 
'in this state. Then we see him on his way to Richmond, Virginia, with 
his father and Gen. D. R. Atchison, where he arrived just afier the first 
battle of Bull Run, and received his papers as recruiting officer, "Partisan 
Rangers " being assigned to Missouri, in which service he remained, with 
short interruptions, during the year 1863. After this he went to Mata- 
moras, Mexico, for medical supplies for the Confederate army, during the 
remainder of the war. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 411 

At the close of the war he surrendered to Col. A. F. Denny, at Glasgow, 
Missouri. After this he was arrested by the civil authorities and incar- 
cerated in the Cooper county jail for about three months, when he was 
released on bail, and subsequently entirely cleared from the four indictments 
against him. He has been called a " bushwhacker," but was not one in 
the common acceptation of the term. He was too generous tp be unmer- 
ciful, and the Httle band which followed him in this county, considered 
themselves the guardians of their property and friends, then exposed to the 
ruthless Federal soldiers who infested this portion of the state. But the 
name of Gen. Jackson was as terrible to his enemies who had once met 
him as that of any other man. He was married on the 29th of March, 
1866, to Miss Lulia G. Vandever, who survives him, with two children, 
one having died about a year ago. He was appointed deputy county 
clerk by Capt. C. M. Sutherlin, in January, 1875, who resigned May 20, 1876, 
when Col. Jackson was appointed to fill the vacancy until the next 
November election. At that election, one of the bitterest canvasses Saline 
county has ever experienced, the office was conferred upon him by the 
overwhelming majority of 1,762. Up to this date he has held the office of 
county clerk three terms, having met with very little opposition, and was 
the nominee of the Saline county democracy at the coming November 
election. He has passed out of life, but his deeds will live after him. 

GEN. THOS. A. SMITH. 

Gen. Thos. A. Smith was a native of Virginia. He joined the regular 
army and at the close of the war of 1812, and at the time of his resigna- 
tion, in 1818, he had risen to the rank of brigadier-general, and out- 
ranked Generals Scott and Gaines. Shortly after he left the army he 
came to Missouri, and was appointed receiver of the general land office 
at Old Franklin. Having entered about 5,0< "0 acres of land in this county, 
Gen. Smith removed thereto and established a farm place on the Salt Fork, 
about eight miles from Marshall. As this farm was composed principally 
of prairie land, the successful cultivation of which had long been doubted, 
the general named his home place " Experiment." It became, perhaps, 
the most beautiful home in the county. Gen. Smith planted a great many 
evergreens and other trees, and in summer " Experiment " bloomed and 
blossomed almost like an Eden. It was a favorite place of resort for the 
" quality " people of those days. Gen. Smith first came to this county in 
1826. 

Gen. Smith was a fast friend of Col. Thos. H. Benton, for thirty years 
United States senator from this state. The pistols with which Benton 
fought and killed Lucas, belonged to the general, and are now in the pos- 
session of his son. Dr. Crawford Smith, of St. Louis county. It is much 
to be regretted that fuller details of the life of Gen. Smith cannot here ■ 
and now be given; but those written to, for them, have failed to respond. 



412 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

i 

Beverly Tucker was born in Virginia. He was a half brother of the 
famous and notorious John Randolph, of Roanoke. In about the year 
1830, Judge Tucker came to Saline county, and shortly afterward mar- 
ried a daughter of Gen. T. A" Smith. In 1836, he returned to Virginia, 
and engaged in literary and legal pursuits. He wrote a novel " George 
Balcomb," the plot and scenes of which were laid in this county, while he 
lived here, and, after his return to Virginia, wrote "The Partisan Leader." 

GEN. .JOHN S MARMADUKE, 

a son of ex-Gov. M. M. Marmaduke, of Saline county, was born March 
14, 1833, at the old homestead near the town of Arrow Rock, in Saline. 
Though in his early years his father was a large slave owner, he was 
trained to work upon the farm, as a matter of principle. At the age of 
seventeen he entered Yale College, but after two or three years spent in 
Yale and Harvard, he was appointed by Hon. John S. Phelps a cadet in 
the military academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1857, 
and was assigned as lieutenant in the 7th Infantry, a portion of which, 
under Gen, A. S. Johnstone, was then marching against the Mormons in 
Utah. He joined the command, and served two j^ears in Utah, after 
which he was ordered to New Mexico. He returned to Missouri on leave 
in 1860. When the great conflict of the sections became inevitable, he 
resigned his commission, and upon his acceptance cast his fortunes with 
the Confederate side. He was elected captain of one of the first (if not 
the first) companies raised in Saline county, and tendered his services to 
Gov. Jackson, and was accepted under the governor's call for troops to 
defend the state. At Jefferson City, in June, 1861, he was elected colonel 
of a regiment, in which his old company was included. On the hostile 
approach of Gen. Lyon with a well-equipped army from St. Louis, Gen. 
Price being sick. Col. Marmaduke assumed command. Against his own 
urgent convictions, and in obedience to positive orders from the governor, 
he marched his command of raw, half-armed recruits, about 600 strong, 
down the river about six miles below Booneville, and admirably posted 
them upon the blufis where the river road ascends from the bottom and 
crosses another road. The battle between 600 raw, half-armed recruits 
and 2,500 completely appointed and equipped and disciplined soldiers, 
could have no other result than that predicted by Col. Marmaduke — dis- 
astrous in the extreme to the state troops. 

After the disaster at Booneville, Col. Marmaduke, believing that poli- 
ticians were controlling military affairs in Missouri, resigned his state 
commission, and, in company with Capt. J. H. Eakin, and Charlie Bell, 
all of Salme, proceeded to Richmond, and tendered his sword to President 
Davis, of the Confederate states. He was immediately commissioned as 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 413 

first lieutenant, and ordered to report to Gen. Hardee, then on the White 
river, in Arkansas. He was assigned to duty on Hardee's staff, but soon 
after was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy, and put in command of a 
battalion of infantry. In the fall of that year (1861) he was made colonel 
of the Third Confederate infantry, which, under his command, won laurels 
on many battle-fields. In the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1SC2, Col. Mar- 
maduke's regiment was given the honor of bearing into battle the guiding 
colors of the first line of battle, and at day-break his regiment began the 
terrible conflict, by firing the first gun. Col. Marmaduke won many 
laurels in that fierce and bloody conflict. On the next day's fight he was 
carried, wounded, from the battle-field, and for gallant services, was pro- 
moted brigadier-general. In the spring of 1862, Gen. Marmaduke was 
ordered west of the Mississippi, and reported to Gen. Holmes, at Little 
Rock, and was ordered to relieve Gen. Raines, and take command of his 
division, then in northwest Arkansas. In the latter part of November, 
1862, he was attacked, at Cane Hill, by Gen. Blunt, with seven or eight 
thousand men. The fighting continued through the entire day, as they 
fell back in the face of greatly superior numbers, to Dripping Springs. 
At the battle of Prairie Grove, Gen. Marmaduke also bore a conspicuous 
part; and in December, 1862, he made a movement on Gen. Blunt's com- 
munications, which compelled that general to let go his hold on the Arkan- 
sas river, and fall back to Springfield, Missouri. Returning from this 
raid, his troops, after great suffering, and a short, but bloody battle, at 
Hartsville, reached Batesville, Arkansas, and went into winter quarters. 
In the spring of 1863, Marmaduke led his division of 4,000 men into 
Missouri and extricated Gen. Carter from his extremely perilous position 
at Cape Girardeau, and successfully withdrew the command across the 
St. Francis river in the face of Gens. McNeil and Vandever with a com- 
bined army of 10,000 men. Gen. Holmes, after his disastrous and foolish 
attack on Helena, fell back to Little Rock, leaving Marmaduke's cavalry 
division, which resumed its headquarters at Jacksonport. Gen. Steele 
continuing to advance upon Little Rock, Gen. Marmaduke was ordered 
to join Gen. Walker at Brownsville, where he covered the retreat before 
Gen. Steele, and fought stubbornly until reaching Bayou Metre, where a 
determined stand was made, and a desperate battle fought, Steele's 
advance driven back, and he forced to choose another route to Little 
Rock. Soon after this occurred the duel between Gens. Walker and 
Marmaduke, in which Gen. Walker was killed. Upon the evacuation of 
Little Rock by Gen. Price, Marmaduke covered the retreat and greatly 
retarded Gen. Steele's advance. In 1864, he was ordered to maneuver 
against Steele and to delay his advance long enough to enable Kirby 
Smith to defeat Banks on the Red river. So admirably did he perform 
this duty that with 4,000 men he compelled Gen. Steele to occupy three 



414 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

weeks in movincr from Little Rock to Camden. Unable to hold Camden, 
Steele retreated to Little Rock, hotly pursued by Marmaduke, to Jenkens* 
Ferry, where he was forced to give battle by Kirby Smith, and was 
beaten and demoralized. 

For distinguished services in the campaign against Steele, Marmaduke 
was made a major-general, and in the summer of 1864 estabhshed his 
headquarters at Lake Village, Chicot county, Arkansas, and by his 
extreme activitj' succeeded in checking the navigation of the Mississippi 
river and breaking up the illicit trade between the Federal traders and 
the citizens. 

In Gen. Price's last great raid into Missouri, Gen. Marmaduke com- 
manded a cavalry division, and did most excellent service in all the fight- 
ing that was done, until they reached the Little Osage river, where, after 
desperate fighting, he was surrounded and captured on the 24th of Octo- 
ber. He was held a prisoner until August 1865, when he .was released. 
His health being greatly broken, after his release, he visited Europe, 
remaining until the spring of 1866, when he returned to Missouri. In 
May, 1866, with Dr. W. M. Brown and D. W. Marmaduke, he established 
the commission house of Marmaduke & Brown, in St. Louis. In the fall 
of 1869, he retired from the firm, and accepted the special agenc}' of the 
Life Association of America for all the southern states, which he gave up 
on account of ill health in April, 1871. Soon after this, he became con- 
nected with the journal of Commerce, and shortly after, with his two 
brothers, Vincent and Leslie, and Messrs. Walcott «& Hume, established 
the Evening yotirnal in St. Louis. Later on he was connected with the 
yotirnal of Agrlcidttire. In 1873, he disposed of these interests, and 
accepted the secretaryship of the state board of agriculture, which he held 
two years. In 1875, he was appointed by the governor, one of the rail- 
road commissioners of the state, and in November, 1876, he was elected 
to the same office for four years, the term of which expired in 1880. Gen. 
Marmaduke has a splendid physique, and is a true soldier and gentleman. 
In 1880, Gen. Marmaduke, at the urgent solicitations of many friends, 
scattered over the state, announced himself as a candidate for the demo- 
cratic nomination for governor, which, in this state, is equivalent to elec- 
tion. Col. T. T. Crittenden, of Warrensburg, and Hon. John A. Hocka- 
day, of Callaway, were also candinates. A warm canvass ensued, result- 
ing in the nomination of Col. Crittenden — Marmaduke receiving the next 
largest number of votes. Since the canvass of 1880, Gen. Marmaduke has 
resided quietly in St. Louis. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 415 

JUDGE W. A. WILSON. 

The subject of this sketch — the youngest of four brothers, John, Robert, 
ert, David and Wm., sons of Wm. Wilson — was born, December 17, 1807, 
in Augusta county, Virginia. He, with his brothers, came to this state, 
locating in Howard county, in 1825. He afterwards located in this county. 
His brother David died many years ago, and Gen. John Wilson removed 
to California, filled quite a number of high official positions, and died in 
San Francisco, some two years since. Robert located in St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri, represented his county and district for many years in the state leg- 
islature and senate, and other offices, and served out the unexpired term of 
one of our U. S. senators. 

In June, 1835, Judge Wilson married Miss Mary E. Reeves, daughter 
of the late ex-Governor Reeves, of Missouri. His wife survives him and 
resides on the old homestead, in Marshall, Missouri. The result of this 
marriage was five sons and two daughters, all living, except Martha C, 
who married Dr. Grove, of this county, and died in 1865, in Fayette, 
Indiana, the present home of her husband; Annette married the Hon. 
John R. Vance, and now resides in Marshall, as does also Leonard Wil- 
son, our present efficient postmaster. Col. Ben. H., Hon. W. A. and 
Bird L. Wilson now reside in Colorado; and Horace E. Wilson resides at 
St. Joseph, Missouri. 

Judges Wilson and Leonard, having located in Howard county about 
the same time, and having married sisters, there sprang up between them 
a very strong social, personal' and political attachment, which lasted dur- 
ing their lives. Both were staunch whigs, and both consistent, firm and 
uncompromising Union men, and cordially supported the national govern- 
ment during the late conffict. 

In 1835, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of militia, by Gov. Dun- 
klin. In August, 1836, he moved to Saline, and in 1838 was elected 
county judge, serving with Judges Brown and Field. On February, 
6, 1850, appointed county and circuit clerk, and ex-officio recorder, vice 
John A. Trigg, resigned, and in March following was elected to said 
offices for unexpired term, extending to 1854, when he was re-elected and 
filled said offices for the term of six years. 

In 1862, Judge Wilson was appointed by Gov. Gamble, circuit and 
county clerk of the county, and in same year, provost marshal, with rank 
of major. When the 71st regiment, E. M. M., was organized, he was 
made lieutenant-colonel of same. It is not saying too much to say, that 
no one in this county was better or more favorably known at Union or 
Federal headquarters of this state, or at Washington City,than Judge W. 
A. Wilson. He filled the clerkships of the county up to the time of his 
death, August 18, 1865. Judge Wilson was a lawyer by profession, and. 



416 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

except while in office, practiced that profession. He was, for a time, law- 
partner of Col. T. W. B. Crews and Hon. W. H. Letcher. He, like 
his brothers, Robert and John, was a man of more than ordinary ability, 
and possessed, in a remarkable des^ree, that foresight and confidence, so 
well calculated to lead and inspire any party with which he might become 
connected. In the discharge of all his official duties, he was honest and 
efficient, and never betrayed the trusts confided to him. For more than 
twenty years prior to his death, perhaps, no man was more generally or 
prominently known to the people here. x\s a public spirited citizen, he 
was ever ready to contribute to every laudable enterprise. A man of 
excellent judgment — having once made up his mind, was determined and 
invincible. Duty and right outweighed all other considerations with him. 
He was a Union man in the broadest sense of that term It is not saying 
too much, when we say, he formed the nucleus around which the Union 
element of this county rallied, more, perhaps, than any one else. Of a 
pure, positive and unsullied character, his opinions were ever sought and 
respected by his friends. He was faithful in all the relations of life; as a 
husband, parent, friend, the same integrity of character and goodness of 
heart were manifested, and gained for him that love and confidence he 
possessed to such an eminent degree. He was unswervingly true to his 
principles and to the instincts of his generous and manly nature. In his 
friendship he was faithful; in his susceptibilities, tender and emotional; in 
disposition and temperament, genial in a very high degree. In all the 
relations of life, he bore himself as " a man among men." His memory to us 
is precious, and his virtues remain a legacy to his surviving co-laborers m 
the cause to which he gave the strength and power of his manhood. Upon 
that brow, now cold in death, honors thick had clustered; and as he went 
forth from our ranks, many eyes were dim with tears, and many hearts 
were full of sighs. In the cemetery, at Mount Olive, " may his ashes 
requiescat in pace.''^ 

DR. JOHN SAPPINGTON. 

The subject of this sketch was one of the original pioneers, not only of 
Saline county, but of the great west — the compatriot of Daniel Boone, the 
Coopers and others, who first settled Missouri. A man of grand character, 
of original genius in medicine, he deserves a place in the history of Saline 
county, second to none, dead or living. Our history would be incomplete 
without a fuller sketch of Dr. Sappington than has yet been published. 
He is entitled not only to the local fame he has received, but to a national, 
nay, world-wide reputation, by the side of physicians like Rusji and Hart- 
ley. It is unquestionably true, that during his whole lifetime, he completely 
revolutionized the practice of medicine — a practice which, but for him, 
might not have been changed for centuries, as respects that most frequent 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 417 

and fatal of all forms of disease: typhoid, typhus and malarial fevers, pre- 
vailing so extensively in the low lands of the west. 

There is a niche in the temple of fame awaiting the bust of some one, 
who wrought the great revolution which has transpired during the pres- 
ent century in this branch of the practice of medicine, (calomel and gallop 
being the remedial agents formerly relied on, while cold water and fresh air 
were regarded injurious,) and, if it does not belong to Dr. Sappington, 
we challenge criticism to inquire to whom it does belong. The theory and 
practice Dr. Sappington substituted in the treatment of the disease above 
mentioned being now adopted by the medical profession throughout Chris- 
tendom. 

There are many other distinctive features in his treatment of fevers with 
which the writer is unacquainted, but to the efficacy of which many asso- 
ciate physicians, with whom he was brought in consultation, during along 
practice in the Mississippi valley, will bear testimony. In this department 
of practice. Dr. Sappington was undoubtedly half a century in advance of 
the profession at large, and that, too, notwithstanding he gave to his asso- 
ciate physicians, in consultation and otherwiscj the benefit of all the infor- 
mation he possessed. It has taken this length of time for physicians to 
educate themselves up to his standpoint, and to generally accept his views. 

We are aware that he is not generally known in the light of a great 
benefactor, as well as luminary in his profession; but there are many rea- 
sons to account for this, chief among them his own modesty. Having 
had inferior educational advantages — aside from the instruction of his 
father, who was likewise a physician — not being a graduate of any liter- 
ary college, or other institution of learning, (for few of them existed at the 
close of our revolutionary war, which his boyhood spanned) he was, though 
self-taught to a high degree, so sensitive on this point that when, in later 
years, he felt it his duty to give to the world the results of his experience 
and secrets of success in treating fevers, he employed another physician 
to write out, from manuscript notes, his theory of their treatment. This 
work — entitled " Sappington on Fevers " — while it was executed with the 
best of intentions on the part of its editor. Dr. F. Stith, of Nashville, 
Tenn., and is full of practical suggestions, — yet was so unlike the doctor 
in style and substantial merit, that it encountered a good deal of criticism 
from the profession — even his most intimate friends scarcely recognizing 
beneath the tinsel of the scribq that broad philosophy which, in conversa- 
tion, characterized its real author. In other words, Pr. Sappington was not 
trained to write books, nor to read books very extensively, but with a pro- 
found perception of human nature, and an acute power to diagnose disease 
in its many forms — a ready wit and will to apply remedies in the materia 
medica or out of it, he followed the promptings of an intuitive genius, like 

27 



418 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Hypocrates the father of medicine, and wrought out a new system in one 
of its branches, which has enabled others to write volumes, though he 
himself wrote none. 

As illustrative of the originality of Dr. Sappington, we record the fol- 
lowing incident: A negro boy, one of the doctor's servants, was brought 
from his quarters and laid upon the porch, in a state of stupor. The doc- 
tor, seizing a rod, remarked, " d — n you, I'll bring you to," and proceeded 
to castigate the boy on the feet. This summary processs had the desired 

et^ect. The boy was affected with , and it is well known that 

he medical profession now resort to Dr. S.'s remedy in all similar cases. 

The patient, his symptoms and sufferings, and their remedies at the bed- 
side, were his school — the only one easily accessible at the early day when 
he began practice — and therein he was great; but he was not a mocker 
of learning, nor did he ever affect contempt for scholarly acquirements. 
As evidence of this fact, as also that he was a pioneer in the cause of 
popular education, for which his day had not yet provided by law, he placed 
in the hands of trustees twenty thousand dollars, for the education of the 
orphan and indigent children of Saline county, his last home, a benefac- 
tion so judiciously founded and so skillfully managed by the trustees, that, 
besides educating many hundreds of his neighbor's children, it has appreci- 
ated to the sum of more than qf)40,000. 

With these observations, going to vindicate the full propriety of inscrib- 
ing his name among the great men, of any age gone by, in medicine, in 
philanthrophy, or far-reaching wisdom — we now proceed to give a brief 
outline of his personal history, appearance, character, etc.: 

John Sappington w^as born in Maryland, May 15, 1776. In person, ae 
was tall, well formed, and commanding, being about six feet in heighc, 
with blue eyes, of benevolent expression, ruddy complexion, and aubvn 
hair. His nose was aquiline, forehead high and expansive, mouth firm, 
and the general caste of his features calm and majestic. 

His father. Dr. Mark Sappington, who was of English descent, moved 
to Tennessee at an early day, and settled where Nashville now stands- 
His mother was a Miss Boyce, a native of Maryland. His parents had 
six children: Roger, Frank, John, Thomas, Rebecca, and Eleanor. By 
a subsequent marriage Dr. Mark had two children, Fanny, and Mary. 
Roger, John, and Thomas, were physicians. 

Nashville, at the time his father settled tfiere, was a rude village, sur- 
rounded by a vast canebrake. There the elder Sappington practiced 
medicine, and reared his family until John, at least, grew from boyhood 
to be a man. 

John (as well as Roger and Thomas), studied medicine with his father, 
but all of them had to work on the farm, and get their outside education 
as best they could, " between crops." 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 4t9 

After John had sfrown up. however, he practiced medicine several 
years with his father at Nashville, where the latter died, at a very 
advanced age. 

In 1804, Dr. Sappington married Jane, daughter of William and Eliza- 
beth Breathitt, of Russellville, Kentucky. He was twenty-eight and she 
twenty-one years of age. They then settled in Franklin, Tennessee, 
where Dr. S. practiced medicine till 1807, when he moved to Todd 
county, Kentucky, and settled near Elkton. Here he combined farming 
with his practice a year or two, but, becoming dissatisfied, he moved 
back to Franklin, and devoted himself exclusively to the practice of medi- 
cine. Becoming more and more interested in his profession, he soon 
afterward determined to attend a regular course of lectures at Philadel- 
phia, and — there being no other mode of conveyance — set out on horse- 
back for that city, about the fall of 1814. He received the degree of doctor 
of medicine from the Philadelphia Medical College, and returned to 
Franklin, where he continued the practice of medicine, but in 1817 he 
emigrated to Missouri, and settled near the present site of Glasgow, in 
Howard county. 

In 1819, he crossed the river and settled, for the remainder of his days, 
in Saline county, about five miles west of Arrow Rock. Here, while 
residing on a farm, he practiced medicine with great success, his practice 
extending from Jefferson City, on the east, to Lexington, on the west, and 
through all the adjoining counties. 

His system of treatment was so entirely different from the old methods 
that the uniform success which attended it necessarily placed him in very 
high repute. Before coming to Missouri, however, he had matured his 
theories, as the following incident will demonstrate: While in the city 
hospital, in Philadelphia, on one occasion, examining, w^ith a class of fel- 
low-students, a case of congestive fever, one of the professors, who had 
exhausted his skill, asked Dr. Sappington what he would do for that 
patient. "Sir," replied Dr. S., "if I had him in Tennessee I would give 
him Peruvian bark in whisky." 

He made no secret to brother physicians of the remedies he employed, 
but about the year 1832, being over-taxed with calls and worn out with 
riding, he took Dr. George Penn as a partner, retiring from the practice 
himself, and put out for sale in the middle, western and southern states 
what were known as " Dr. John Sappington's Anti-Fever Pills," which 
immediately obtained great popularity, as nothing up to that time had 
been generally used by physicians, capable of breaking remittent fevers. 

He first concluded to try the virtues of Peruvian bark in consequence 
of reading, in his early practice, an account of some travelers in South 
America who had been cured of what he recognized to be our Mississippi 



420 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

valley fevers, by drinking from a lake impregnated with the properties 
of the trees that grew upon its margin. 

In 1844, he published the treatise, already referred to, as embracing his 
theory and treatment of fevers, making public the formula by which his 
medicine was prepared. The work appeared just when the memorable 
overflow of the Mississippi and its tributaries occurred, causing a great 
deal of sickness; and when, therefore, his medicine was at the height of 
popularity, and had placed him in a condition to make as many millions 
of dollars as he had accumulated thousands from its sale. When expos- 
tulated with, at this time, by relations, he remarked that both he and they 
had enough to support them comfortably, and that mankind had claims on 
him as well as his family. This decision he announced with an oath as 
emphatic as any uttered by Abraham, Isaac or Jacob, though not so rev- 
erent. 

Dr. Sappington was not an orthodox Christian. He was a firm believer 
in an impartial, just and overruling Providence, but being of a benevolent, 
charitable turn of mind, he could never see the necessity of a hell to 
accommodate those of a more malignant and covetous disposition than he 
possessed. In 1849, corn was quite scarce, and sold at $5 per barrel 
along the road from Booneville to Independence, v/hich was thronged by 
emigrants to California, and which led by the doctor's house. Dr. Sap- 
pington happened to have a bountiful harvest, but never asked over two 
dollars for his corn, and often charged nothing to those apparently needy. 

In politics Dr. Sappington was a Jeflersonian democrat, and intimately 
associated by personal acquaintance, or correspondence, with many of the 
most prominent politicians of his time. Among them, Andrew Jackson 
and Thomas H. Benton. These gentlemen having lived -with him at 
Nashville, were his warm personal, as well as political friends. 

He died in the eighty-first year of his age, at his residence, in Saline 
county, September the 7th, 1856, of a cancer on the forehead, near the 
right temple — honored and respected by all who knew him and in the full 
possession of all his faculties. 

For years previous to his death he had prepared and ready for the 
reception of his remains a leaden coffin, which he kept under his bed. At 
his direction, also, a large rock was hewn out and placed above ground in 
the cemetery. On this rock was to be placed his coflSn after his death. 
Upon his vault, at his own request, was inscribed the following solitary 
epitaph: 

" AN HONEST MAN IS THE NOBLEST WORK OF GOD." 

Dr. Sappington and wife had eight children^ the following order, 
to-wit: Eliza, third wife of Gov. C. F. Jackson, of Missouri; Lavinia, 
wife of Gov. M. M, Marmaduke, of Missouri; Erasmus D., William B. 
Jane, first wife of Gov. C. F. Jackson; Louisa, second wife of Gov. C. F. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 421 

Jackson, Susan Catherine, wife of Capt. L. S. Eddins, of Howard county; 
Mary E., wife of Dr. Wm. Price, of Saline county, and Sarah Margaret, 
who died at the age of thirteen. 

Jane, the first wife of Gov. Jackson, died a few months after their mar- 
riage. Louisa, the second wife, died after giving birth to Wm. S. and 
Jno. B. Jackson, who were left in charge of Eliza, the widow of Alonzo 
Pearson, and she afterward became the third wife of Gov. Jackson. 

A few years before his death, Dr. Sappington, in order to prevent any 
trouble or dissatisfaction in the division of his estate, auctioned oft' his real 
property among his children and the heirs of those who had died before 
him, reserving for himself only a frugal support for the time that might 
be left him. 

His wife, to whom was due all of the happiness and much of the suc- 
cess that marked her husband's career, had died December the l-lth, 1852. 
In recording that event we find the following words, written by the doc- 
tor's own hand: 

"Though loth to part, no doubt she had a fair prospect of a better 
world." 

Jane, the wife of the subject of this sketch, was the eldest of eight chil- 
dren, born to William and Elizabeth Breathitt, of Kentucky. John, the 
second child, became a lawyer, and died in 1834, while governor of Ken- 
tucky. Edward was a physician, and studied medicine under Dr. Sap- 
pington. James was a lawyer; Cordwell was a farmer and merchant at 
Russelville, Kentucky, and George, the youngest of Mrs. Sappington's 
brothers, was private secretary to President Jackson, and died in that 
service May 23d, 1833. 



Township Histories. 



GRAND PASS TOWNSHIP. 

A portion of the history of the early settlement of this township is 
given under the head of Early Settlements, in the division allotted to the 
Petite Osage Bottom. The history of its settlement b}' neighborhoods 
is here given. 

EARLY SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

Mr. John P. De Moss, of township 52, range 21, states that the first 
settlers were Capt. Daniel Kaiser, of Virginia; Geo. Davis, who came 
between the years 1818 and 1820, from Ross county, Ohio, and located 
upon section 8; the Lewises — Wm. H., Maj.-Gen. Geo. W., and Col. 
Jno. M., — came in 1830, settling on section 21, 22 and 27; Col. John S. 
Yancey came from Virginia in 1834, to section 18; Alex. McClintick in 
1834, from Virginia, to section 29; Capt. John A. White in 1836, from 
Virginia, to section 22; Mr. Renick from Ohio, in 1839, to section 23. 

The first marriage was that of John Kenton and Juliet Davis, at the 
residence of Geo. Davis, about the year 1836. Squire J. H. McMillan, 
in 1836, married Nelson McReynolds to Anna Craig, in Lafayette couniyy 
his own jurisdiction being in this township. Several years afterward, 
after quite a family of children had been raised, the parties thought the 
ceremony had been illegal, and went to a clergyman in their own county 
and were remarried. 

The first male child born was Edwin H. Lewis, in 1832; parents, Geo. 
W. and Harriet Lewis. 

The first death was that of Hannah De Moss, October 26, 1839. She 
was buried in the graveyard, one and a half miles west of Waverly, in 
Lafayette county. 

The first practicing physician was Dr. Culp, who came from Alabama, 
and returned to that state. 

The first minister was Rev. Abram Millice, a Methodist, and the first 
religious services were held at the house of Capt. Jno. De Moss. 

The first school was taught at the Notley Thomas place, by Miss 
Louisa Lewis, who now lives in Waverly; she had about a dozen pupils 
at a salary of about $12 a month. Those who could afiord it in those 
days usually employed private instructors. Hon. J. W. Bryant, after- 
ward, and now a prominent attorney of the county, was tutor for some 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 423 

years in the family of Col. Yancey. The first school house was built on 
Col. Yancey's farm, in 1838, by Col. Yancey, Wm. De Moss, Jas. Brown, 
Alex. McClintock and Geo. Davis, at a cost of about $50. 

For many years after the country was settled there was but one road, 
the State; there were no bridges, no defined roads to the timber or from 
one house to another. Milling was done at Dover or Jonesboro, twenty- 
two miles away. Other supplies were obtained at Dover or Arrow Rock, 
and sometimes from Lexington, from whence all lumber was brought. 
Goods were brought from Jonesboro and Dover, in wagons; from Lexing- 
ton by river, in steamboats when they ran. The first boats went no 
higher up the river than Lexington. 

MRS. NANNIE E. KAISER. 

This lady, an old settler herself, states that the first settlers she 
remembers were those mentioned by Mr. De Moss, with the addition of 
Mr. Huffman, who came in 1828, from Virginia, to section 2, and Wm. 
Miller, who came in 1826. 

The first marriage she remembers was that of Mr. Armentrout to 
Miss Margaret Huffman. The ceremony was performed by Esq. Davis 
at the residence of Capt. Kaiser. 

The first birth of a male child in her neighborhood was that of Wil- 
liam Harvey Miller, son of Samuel and Priscilla Miller, in 1830. The 
first female child born was Frances Lewis, in 1830, whose parents were 
Wm. M. and Eliza G. Lewis. 

The first death was that of Wm. Thompson, in 1829; he was buried 
on the old Lewis farm, west of Marshall. Frances and Mrs. Eliza G. 
Lew^is were buried in the same graveyard. 

The first physician was Dr. John Sappington. 

The first ministers she remembers were J. K. Lacy, Jesse Green, 

Patterson, Abram Millice and Jones, all Methodists. Services were 

held at the house of Col.. Lewis, west of Marshall. 

The first school was taught near Salt Fork, at a place called Pilot 
Knob, by Col. Wm. Lewis, in 1829. He had about twenty-five scholars. 
Col. L. died in Lafayette county, in 1845. His school house was the 
first built in that com.-nunity. It was of logs and cost probably $25. 

The first orchard planted in the settlement was that of Geo. Davis. 

REESE McNEIL. 

The first male child born in this gentleman's neighborhood, was 
Edward Parsons, son of Mr. and Mrs. Sarah Parsons. The date of birth 
is 1842. The first death was that of Archibald McClintock, in 1845. He 
was buried on Capt. Kaiser's farm. 

About 1849, Mr. Wm. Wallace was deliberately murdered at Miami by 



424 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

an entire stranger. A year or two previously a Mr. Deckard was 
drowned in the river above Miami. 

DAVID McREYNOLDS. 

Mr. Joseph McReynolds settled on section 17, in 1824; Samuel McRey- 
nolds settled on section 18 in 1821; both were from Tennessee. Notley 
Thomas settled on section 18 in 1819; he was from Kentucky. 

The first physician was Dr. G. W. Hereford, still a resident of the 
county. 

The first school was taught in section 18, near the county line, by Hugh 
French, in the year 1827 or 1828. He had ten pupils, and his salary was 
$1 per scholar per month. The first school house was built in the same 
place in 1827. It was of logs, with a puncheon floor. 

The trading points at that time were Fayette, Booneville, Old Frank- 
lin, Arrow Rock. Dover was the nearest milling point. The first post- 
office was in Lafayette county, about a mile from the Saline county line, 
and near Waverly, on the Webb place. John Dustin was the postmaster 
The first steamboat carrying fi-eight and passengers, that ascended the 
Missouri as high as Lexington, is remembered to be the Globe, comman- 
ded and owned by Capt. Glasgow, after whom the city of Glasgow, How- 
ard county, was named. She made her first trip in 1835; on her third 
trip down the river, being heavily loaded with corn, she sank. Prior to 
this time, navigation on the river was conducted by keel-boats, propelled 
by poles or pulled up by ropes. 

In the first days of this settlement, horse-flies were a great plague. It 
was impossible to travel in the daytime with horses on account of the 
immense swarms of these bloodthirsty insects. Farmers were compelled 
to do much of their work at night. The season of these pests was in August 
and September, lasting about forty days. They were hatched in the long 
prairie grass, then everywhere abounding. 

HUGH GILHAM. 

The first settlers in the vicinity of this gentleman's residence, township 
51, range 23 — Gilham's Landing — was Richard Malone, of Tennessee; 
Nicholas James, of Virginia, who came in 1830, to section 32, township 
52; Harper Meadows, also from Virginia, who came in 1835 or 1836, to 
section 7, township 51, and Milton and Alex. Galbraith, who came in 1835, 
from Tennessee, to section 31, township 52. Mr. Gilham himself came in 
1837. 

The first marriage was that of Joseph Minter and Sarah Allison in 
1841, and took place in section 8, where the M. E. Church South now 
stands. The ceremony was by Joel Meadows, Esq. The first male child 
born was John James, in 1840. His parents were Nicholas and Mary 
James; the latter is still living. Nancy Gilham, daughter of Isaac and 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 425 

Mary Gilham, was the first female child born. She was born February 
21, 1S39. The first death was that of Isaac Gilham, August 8, 1840. He 
was buried in the Slusher graveyard, Lafayette county. 

The first regular physician was Dr. James Warren, who now lives in 
Waverly. The first minister was Rev. Jamison, Methodist, and the first 
religious services were at the house of Mrs. Mary Gilham: 

The first school was taught near where the M. E. church now stands, 
by Edward Marsh. He had about fifteen scholars at about one dollar 
per month. The first school house was built on section 9, about 1846. 
Its cost was perhaps fifty dollars. 

Mrs. Nancy James was renowned in early times as a weaver of cloth. 
She also attained great fame and notoriety as a weaver of figured cover- 
lets, and other ornamental work. 

The nearest grist mill was James Brown's, on Salt Fork, south of Malta 
bend. The nearest supply points, in the order of distance, were Webb's 
landing, Marshall, and Dover. 

MRS. LOUISA S. MAJOR. 

First birth of male child was Col. John H. Lewis, April 1, 1831. His 
parents were Col. John and Mary J. Lewis. The first female born was 
Rachel Lewis, daughter of Wm. H. and Elizabeth Lewis. The first 
death was James Lewis, son of Gen. G. W. Lewis, in 1830. He was 
buried in the field south of the blacksmith shop, between Grand Pass 
church and Malta Bend. First religious services were held at Col. John 
Miller's, in 1831. Mrs. Louisa S. Major was the first school teacher. She 
had eleven scholars, and taught for twenty-two dollars per month. 

OTHER ITEMS OF EARLY HISTORY. 

Concerning other details of the early history of this township, it may 
1)6 stated that among the first marriages were those of John McReynolds 
and Miss Lucinda Meadows, in 1841 ; Wm. Brown to his cousin, about 
1830; Chas. L. Carthrae and Julia H. R. Brown; Mr. P. Webb and Miss 
Jane Harvey, about 1838; George C. Fletcher and Miss Mary A. Hall. 

Births were James Meadows, in 1840; Tyree Carthrae, in 1840; Hubert 
and Granville Harvey, twins, in 1837; Wm. H. Deckard, in 1830, and 
Mary Meadows, in 1840, and Kate Virginia Carthrae, in 1842. 

Deaths were Mary McReynolds, accidentally burned to death, about 
1835; Preston Vivian, in 1840, and Mrs. Eliza Lewis, wife of Col. Wm. 
Lewis, in 1830. 

Drs. Hamilton, McGill, Rucker, and Toles were early physicians. Revs. 
Williams, Benj. Johnson, Weedin, and Jamison were the first ministers. 
Pioneer school teachers were Miss Louisa Lewis, Mr. Minor, and Clifton 
Wood. The first postotlice in that part of the county was on the farm 



426 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

where John Black now lives. It was called Cow Creek. Green McCaf- 
ferty was postmaster. The postage on a letter at that day was 25 cents. 

THE VERY EARLIEST SETTLERS. 

The following were the names of some of the first settlers in the west- 
ern part of the county: Anthony Thomas, from " Kentucky, came to 
Saline in 1818; John D. Thomas, from same, in 1818; Notley Thomas, 
same, in 1818; Elisha Evans, from Kentucky, in 1819; Andrew Rus- 
sell, same, 1819; John Ljncoln, a brother of President Lincoln, from 
Kentucky, in 1819; John Baxter, in 1819 Wm. White, from Tennessee, 
in 1819; L. B. Estes, Kentucky, 1819, and many others whose records 
have been lost. John Lincoln was a blacksmith in the county, and con- 
tinued that kind of w^ork until 1829. He then went to Clay county, where 
he married a Miss Duncan. An uneducated man, tall, angular, rough 
and uncouth. The first marriage among these settlers was James Heal 
to Miss Sallie Estes, in 1820, near where Sandy White now lives. The 
first child born was Rebecca Thomas (now Palmer) to Notley and Lucy 
C. Thomas. That of Anthony Thomas was the first death, occurring in 
1825, who was buried at the Thomas graveyard, just north of where 
Baltimore Thomas' house now stands. The first regular physician was 
Dr. P. G. Buck, who settled on or very near the line between Saline -and 
Lafayette counties. The first school house built in the western part of 
the county was built in 1820, in the neighborhood of Grand Pass, was 
made with logs, daubed with mud, with an earthen floor. 

EARLY DAYS IN GRAND PASS AND SALINE COUNTY. 
BY MRS. REBECCA LEWIS. 

The following historical sketch relative to the settlement of Grand Pass 
township and other parts of the county, by Mrs. Rebecca Lewis, is given, 
not alone for the interesting information contained, but to show the 
remarkable mental ^powers of the gifted authoress-pioneer, now living, 
at the age of nearly seventy. The Lewis family is one of the best in 
the country, and one of the most prominent in the history of the county; 
and the writer of this sketch is one of its most creditable representatives: 

About the middle of the day, late in October, 1830, a company of emi- 
grants halted on the bank of the Missouri river, opposite Arrow Rock. 
The cavalcade consisted of two carriages and three large Virginia wagons, 
heavily loaded with household stuff and family servants. It is my opinion 
that nothing on sea or land now exists bearing any resemblance to an old 
Virginia emigrant farm-wagon. It is a matter of some interest to the 
present generation, to have, in their mental picture gallery, some idea of 
the obsolete object, so I will attempt a " charcoal sketch." Mounted on 
massive wheels, a huge, curved, galley-shaped wagon-body, conspicuous 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 427 

for its white, tent-like cover, it was drawn slowly along by four strong 
horses. The prow of this land-ship turned up much too high to accom- 
modate a driver. The apparent inconvenience was supplied by a driver 
mounted on the near horse of the wheel-team, who, partly bv word of 
command and partly by a single line, attached to the bit of the near 
horse of the leaders, guided and controlled the trained animals, and cared 
for the safety of the land-ship. The harness, by which the horses 
were attached to this antiquated vehicle, was a marvel of strength and 
ingenuity, if not of beauty. The extraordinary width of bands and 
straps, the massive buckles and ample chains, were evidence of the "inter- 
nal resources " of old Virginia, at least, in the way of " raw material." 
If the spirited horses cared for " personal appearance," they must have 
felt subdued and dejected under the infliction of such big collars, and 
shut ofl' from the world by the huge flaps of leather, which compelled 
them to look straight ahead. I have already observed that the wagons 
were heavily loaded, but I am not prepared to explain how the freight was 
put in, and when once /«, how it could possibly be unloaded. They did 
anmage to climb down some way; for I have kept them waiting solongon 
the bank of the river, that quite a crowd of " colored persons " and their 
children are sauntering about or tumbling on the ground in the autumn 
sunshine. 

But the ferryman has heard the signal of the waiting emigrants 
and is answering it by unmooring the flat-boat, and rowing across to 
meet them. Carriages and wagons were put in motion, and after some 
delay, owing to the small boat, "which necessitated a number of trips, the 
three families were conveyed safely over the Big Muddy, and the ances- 
tors of the Lewis family, of Grand Pass, stood on Saline soil, eleven souls 
in all. The "American citizens of African descent" numbered eighteen. 

The day was drawing to a close. It was necessary to find some con- 
venient spot for camping. An easy drive enabled them to reach Rock 
creek before night closed in. Water and wood were here abundant, but 
no signs of the habitation of man could be seen. The active preparations 
for supper and lodging were hurried by the strong motive power of hun- 
ger. Cheerfulness was stimulated by release from the restraints of travel, 
and was manifested in the busy hum of preparation, in social chat, and in 
the shouts of merry children. Tents were quickly stretched, fires cracked, 
and the singing kettle announced the time for setting the tables. The 
hind-gate of the big wagon served for a table, around which gathered, in 
due time, strong men, hopeful women, and happy little children. The 
music of the flute and violin closed the evening of pleasant memories. 
The dawn of the last day of travel for the Shenandoah emigrants, roused 
them to renewed activity, and the camp was soon broken, and travel 
rentwed. The second night found them a shelter under the hospitable 



428 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

roof of Mr. John Miller, who kept at that time a house of entertainment 
for travelers at the Junction of the state road with the Chariton. The 
next day they were joyfully welcomed by their pioneer brother, Col. 
Wm. Lewis, to his home on the farm now known as the Godsmon farm, 
which is situated near the present town of Marshall. Col. Lewis was a 
widower with a family of small children, and the opportune arrival of such 
near friends, was a comfort in his bereavement, and brightened his 
recently clouded home. 

In the enjoyment of the generous hospitality of Col. Wm. Lewis, our 
emigrants let the lovely autum slip away ; day after day found them in the 
saddle riding over the wonderful country, and discovering new features 
of beauty, and adaptability to man's wants and happiness. Selection of a 
home where there existed so wide a range for choice, became a difficult 
matter. And the difficulty was increased by the divided attention between 
business and pleasure. Too often the close scrutiny and clear discrimina- 
tion required of the land buyer, were superseded by the distracting sight 
of a herd of deer, and the day set apart for decisive action was consumed 
in the excitement of the chase. Week after week thus spent, passed with 
venison plenty, but homes distant. Gen. Washington Lewis was the first 
to fix on a location for a home, and after the necessary delay of building a 
log room for his family, and a shed-room adjoining for his servants, he 
moved to Grand Pass. 

The two remaining families continued to occupy the single room in the 
same yard with the one occupied by the family of their hospitable kinsman. 

Some time in November, Rev. Justinian Williams preached the funeral 
sermon of the late Mrs. Col. Wm. Lewis, from the text, " What is man, 
that Thou art mindful of him." Mr. Williams belonged to the Meth- 
dist conference, but having no appointment for that immediate neighbor- 
hood, the congregation were invited to meet at the residence of Col. Wm. 
Lewis. There was a good attendance of the settlers; Mr. Cornelius 
Davis and family, Mr. Sam Miller, Sr., and famil}', and Mr. Daniel Keiser 
and family, were among the congregation ; the beauty of the settlement 
was also present. The assembly was so unusually large that the minister in 
his closing remarks congratulated himself on having met "many from the 
north and the south, from the east and from the west." 

The winter of 1830 was remarkable for its severity. All of that long and 
dreary season the snow lay on the ground like a shroud. The north 
wind howled around the settlers' little cabins like some demoniac seeking to 
force an entrance. The snow-drifts destroyed the natural land-marks, 
and made transportation and intercourse between the settlements well- 
nigh impossible. Storms were frequent, and after each recurrence a full 
corps of servants was necessary to clear the clap-board ceiling of its 
deposit of drifted snow. Snow crept in under the door; snow whirled by 



II 

I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 429 

the four-paned window; sweeping snow took the place of spinning- 
wheel and loom. x\fter all, snow had its uses, too. Melted snow sup- 
plied the place of the lacking well and cistern for every household pur- 
pose. Even the soiled clothing of the family was washed in snow-water. 
Wash-day was a day of unusal bustle. The servants divided among 
them the duties of melting snow, cooking, and washing, and, as each 
piece was ready for the clothes line. It was passed into the house, and the 
owner dried it by the fire. In her turn, each housekeeper used the irons, 
quickly heated before the roaring fire, for smoothing and folding her 
family wardrobe. 

Theirs was a peace-loving and social community, else in such close 
quarters, where conflicting interests must have sometimes hit elbows if 
they did not come into actual collision. Four Missouri bedsteads, made 
by fitting a corner post into the puncheon floor, and inserting the others 
into auger holes bored in the log walls, then using the useful clap-board 
for slats, stood in as many corners, left only room sufficient to place three 
chairs before the fire, yet no family discord marred their happiness then, 
nor cast its long shadows into the distant future. 

In January, death visited the discouraged family. Gen. Washington 
Lewis lost his three-year-old boy by membranous croup. Grandma 
Peggy and her single daughter, Louisa, were sent for to assist and com- 
fort the sorrowing parents. How they crossed the trackless, uninhabited 
prairie, which stretched in aw^ful, monotonous sameness beneath the 
equally gloomy sky, there is no ready witness. The storm, which imme- 
diately destroyed the trace of their journey, rendered the interment an 
impossibility for several days. Unconscious of the bitter cold, and the 
drifting snow, and the furious wind, the little sleeper lay under the moth- 
er's burning eye in undisturbed repose. When the storm had a little 
abated, they dug his grave near his play-ground, and left the angels to 
watch his dust. 

Very lately the immense power of steam was required to open a way 
through the snow over the same route that the adventurous women were 
compelled to pursue on their return from Grand Pass. Col. Wm. Lewis 
had gathered his cattle together from their late grazing ground in the 
Salt Fork bottom, where they had lived without his supplying them with 
food till the snow covered the herbage on which they had fed. That at 
this juncture the herd was ready to be driven home into winter quarters 
w^as either a wise plan or a benevolent interposition, for the trail of so 
many animals made a way through the snow over which it was possible 
to drag a vehicle. As the day wore away, and the women grew faint- 
hearted at witnessing the unremittifig toil of their slow progress. Col, 
Lewis often stopped by the side of the carry-aD to assure them that " there 
was no cause for despondency, for if the carriage could not be driven 



430 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

throutrh thev could ride home on horseback." Col. Wm. Lewis was never 
known to give way to discouragement. It is easy to imagine the satis- 
faction of Grandma Peggy and her daughter when the journey was over, 
and they each occupied one of the three chairs before the roaring wood 
fire in their own room. 

One other incident which occurred in this famous month of January 
seems worth recording. Col. John M. Lewis had begun to prepare his 
home on his Grand Pass land. In attempting to haul corn to feed his 
horses one wagon was driven into a ravine, and it became necessary to 
leave them until the next day. On returning with the teams only one 
wagon could be found. The other was lost until spring. 

In February, Col. John M. Lewis moved into a cabin on Salt Fork, 
where he remained until the close of winter. Dr. Penn, of Arrow Rock, 
was the family physician during this eventful winter. 

Spring came at last, and with it came high water, that again made trav- 
eling unpleasant; often dangerous. But who ever heard of a man in love 
yielding to difficulties, especially Col. Wm. Lewis, who was never known 
to be discouraged? It was embarrassing to be without the means of 
crossing Salt Fork, when it was out of its channel, but he had a friend in 
Gus, who cared no more for water than a duck, and ventured over the 
swollen stream with Master William's love-letter to the lady on the oppo- 
site side, pinned to his kinky head. And still in full sympathy with Mas- 
ter William's difficulties, Gus swam his horse yet once more and carried 
the valise, containing his master's wedding suit, on his saddle before him, 
and assisted in making a toilet suitable for the important occasion. 

The wedding occasioned some changes in business arrangements all 
around. Col. J. M. Lewis moved into the house just vacated by Mrs. Miller, 
now Mrs. Lewis, and Col. Wm. Lewis and his lady took possession of the 
cabin on the creek, which belonged to her in her own right, and Mr. Wil- 
liam H. Lewis rented Col. William's farm. The family carriage which 
had served Wm. H. Levv^is's family for the journey at this important crisis, 
was sold to a man living near Jonesborough, the county seat of Saline, 
and tradition affirms that it often served for juries to lay their heads 
together, in order to decide cases of law. 

During the civil war it was in this township where the army of Gen. 
Price halted for some days, during the invasion of Missouri, in the fall of 
1864. The headquarters were near Kaiser's bridge, but the camps were 
up and down Salt Fork for some miles. Here was where " Old Pap " 
held his levees and was visited by hundreds of citizens, male and female, 
who admired him and loved his cause. Here, also, he received and put 
into organization hundreds of recruits, who availed themselves of his 
presence to escape from the hateful domination of the Federals and 
enroll themselves under the banner of the stars and bars, which was des- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 431 

tined full soon to be trailed in the dust of disaster and torn amid the debris 
of defeat. 

The township furnished its quota of men on either side during the 
struggle, all of whom it is believed were creditable representatives of its 
bravery and devotion to principle. 

It was in this township where the regiment of Col. Jo. O. Shelby was 
organized and rendezvoused, in August, 1862. 

Bill Anderson's and Quantrell's guerrillas frequently passed down and 
up the banks of the river, seaching for a crossing place, and on other 
business. 

Some of those fearful murders incident to war occurred in Grand Pass, 
mention of which is to be found elsewhere. 

Since the close of the war and all its horrors, and the passing away of 
the reconstruction period, with all its bitterness, the people of the town- 
ship have settled dow^n to the calm pursuits of peace, the development of 
the fine, fertile country, and the bettering of their own condition and 
that of their fellow men. Numbers of northern men live in the town- 
ship, and all, democrats and republican, northerners and southerners, 
dwell together like "brethren in unity." 

NATURAL FEATURES. 
THE GRAND PASS. 

The Grand Pass which gives its name to the lake near by, and to the 
township, and to the church at the pass, is a narrow pass of high bluff 
land from one hundred to five hundred vards wnde, betw^een the waters 
of Salt Fork on the one side, and the lakes in the river bottom on the 
other. In the early settlement of the county the great thoroughfare of 
emigration and traders to Santa Fe ran through the pass, and the name 
of Grand Pass was given to it by them. 

The old emigrant and trading road ran south of the present road — 
but there are several points at which a stout boy could stand in the cen- 
ter and thrown a stone over the blufl^" on the one hand, or into the waters 
of Salt Fork on the other. 

In the early trading times, 1835, a hotel was built and kept on the pass 
by the Early brothers, John and William, who were cousins to Rev. John 
Early, a noted Methodist bishop, of Kentucky. The Earlys sold out to 
Mr. George Francisco, who kept the hotel for some years, when it burned 
down. The first postoffice w^as kept at the house of Captain John De 
Moss, by himself. The east mail came once a week from Old Jefierson, 
now New Frankfort, and the west from Dover. In some mounds near 
the Pass have been found human skulls and other bones, and polished 
stone axes, and other instruments. 



432 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 

THE LAKES. 

The Grand Pass and Davis' Lakes are two lakes in the river bottom, 
north of the plains — the one about three miles in length and three-quarters 
of a mile in width in the early times, and called Grand Pass lake from 
its proximity to the pass; the other several miles long and one-half mile 
wide, and named after Mr. George Davis, one of the earliest settlers, 
who lived directly on the bluff above the lake. 

These lakes are supposed to have been formed originally by an over- 
flow of the river, and they are now undoubtedly fed by under-currents 
from the river. They have both diminished in size and depth since those 
early times. Muskrat and fish used to abound in these lakes, but of late 
years both have greatly diminished in quality and quantity. The Indians 
called these lakes by a common name, Minnehaha, meaning "laughing 
water," identical with the name of the famed fall in Minnesota. How the 
same wcJrd means the same thing, although in two different Indian dia- 
lecs, is not for this history to explain. 

PETITSAW PLAINS. 

This magnificent body of level table land on the second bluff from the 
river is entirely within Grand Pass township. The soil is an almost 
fathomless loam, as rich and productive as any equal body of land in the 
world. The name comes down from a very early date, and is said to have 
been derived from a small tribe of Indians called Petitsaw, or " Little 
Tribe," Indians. The large trees that may now be seen on these plains 
were planted by the early settlers. 

The plains extend from Salt Fork and Muddy creeks on the east to the 
narrow pass between Grand Pass lake and Salt Fork on the west, and 
from Salt Fork on the south to the bluffs which jut over the bottom on the 
north — about six to seven miles from east to west, and varying from one- 
half mile to five miles from north to south. The land of the plains is 
about forty feet above the level of the bottom, and about fifty feet above 
the ordinary level of the river. 

The first orchard planted in Grand Pass township, if not in the county, 
was on the farm of Mr. George Davis, immediately on the lake bluff 
north of where the town of Malta Bend now stands — some trees of which 
orchard may yet be seen — or could be a few years ago. 

INCIDENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIP. 
KILLING OF CARROLL. 

In 1848, a man named Carroll was killed at the house H. J. Renick in 
the bottom, under the following rather mysterious circumstances: Carroll 
and a man named Hoke, were passing Renick's house. Carroll asked 
Hoke to wait until he went into the house, which he did. In a moment 






HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 433 

or SO after Carroll entered the house, Hoke heard the report of a o-un, 
and in a short time Renick appeared at the door, into which Hoke could 
not see, bearing Carroll, who was shot in the shoulder, the ball ranging 
downwards. Mrs. Aurelia Renick claimed that she had shot Carroll from 
the top of a ladder, and that she did it because of improper advances he 
was making to her. The preliminary trial was held at the house of the 
nearest magistrate. Gen. G. W. Lewis — the attorneys being John W. Bry- 
ant, Esq., and M. W. Obannon, Esq., defending, and the state's attorney, 
Kelley, prosecuting — and Mrs. Renick was discharged. Her husband was 
also arrested, and afterward tried in Marshall, with the same attorneys, 
and with the same result — acquittal. The real circumstances of the case, if 
they were really ditierent from what are here given, have never come to 
light. 

A HAPPY TIME. 

Soon after the death of Mr. George Davis, in the year 1844, there was 
a sale of his personal property, and a large number of citizens round about, 
attended the sale. The weather was very cold, the snow about one foot 
deep, and the people made log fires in the yard. They took pots of cider 
and thawed it over these fires. A man named Landell secretly put about 
one quart of brandy in each pot of cider. The result was the whole 
unsuspicious crowd were soon gloriously drunk, ministers of the gospel 
among them. 

At the organization, in 1832, of the Grand Pass chapel, certainly the 
oldest Methodist church in the county, there were present William and 
John P. DeMoss, Mrs. Joe McReynolds and daughter Lizzie, Capt. John 
V. Webb and wife, two Misses McReynolds, Mrs. Margaret Lewis and 
daughter, Mrs. L. S. Major, Mrs. Harriet Lewis, wife of Gen. G. W. 
Lewis; Rev. R. H. Lee, minister. This house of worship, that was then 
built, still stands, and has been continuously a place of worship for half a 
century. 

THE TOWN OF MALTA BEND. 

The town of Malta Bend, located on the Petit Saw plains, in Grand 
Pass township, was laid ofi^by Joseph R. Lunbeck in 1867. There were 
then three dwelling-houses, one dry goods and variety store and a post- 
office at this point, including Mr. Lunbeck, Dr. James McNutt, W. H. 
Squairs and John D. Reeves. 

The wonderfully rich land around attracted many eastern farmers, and 
men of means, to this point. The citizens were sober, industrious and 
honest, and the little town grew steadily, and now, after the lapse of fifteen 
years, is quite a little city of 400 inhabitants, containing two dry goods 
stores (Wilson & Gills and A. T. Palmer), four grocery stores (Coleman, 
Dow, McCarty, and Biles & Bro.), three drug stores (Brown & 
28 



434: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

McQuoid, Mahan & Purcell and Little & Walden), one tin and hardware 
store (F. M. Chapline), one boot and shoe shop (H. Holtz), two black- 
smith, carriage and wagon shops (Day and Duvally), one livery stable 
(J. G. Dill), five churches (Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, O. S., 
" Christian" and African Methodist), one graded public school, of which 
Prof. G. W. Newton is principal, four lodges (Masonic, Odd-Fellows, 
Good Templars and United Workmen). There is not a saloon in the city. 

The town of Malta Bend derived its name in the following manner: 
Many years ago, the old steamboat Malta struck a snag, on one of her 
trips up the river, and sunk at a bend near what has since been called 
Malta Bend landing. The bend in the river assumed the name of the 
steamboat, and the landing the name of the bend, and the town, back on 
the blufls, the name of the landing, Malta Bend. 

Although Malta Bend has been unsuccessful in obtaining direct railroad 
communication with the rest of the world, the country around here is so 
fertile and so thriving that she must always be a capital business point — 
and she has alwavs set an example in patronizing home industries, and in 
liberal dealing with evtry enterprise that looked to the general good, that 
some of her neighbor tow^ns would do well to follow. 

HISTORY OF MALTA BEND BY DR. M'nUTT. 

Late in October, 18P»6, 1 met Mr. John D. Reeves, then residing near 
where Malta Bend now stands, who informed me that there was some 
talk of laying out a town in his neighborhood. Having lately arrived in 
the county, and not being permanently settled, I determined to go out in 
that direction on a prospecting tour, which determination I put in execu- 
tion the next day. 

I was struck with the beauty, fertility and advantageous situation of 
that splendid region, named by the early French trappers, " Plaines des 
PetitesSauts," -plains of the little /alIs^on\\h\ch. Malta Bend is built. I saw 
that there was a good chance for a thriving town to flourish in this neighbor- 
hood, and caUing upon Mr. Joseph R. Lunbeck, who was then building 
his present residence, I proposed to purchase a lot of ground and move 
my family out there, and assist in founding a new town. This met Mr. 
Lunbeck's hearty approval, and he sold me a lot containing about half an 
acre of ground, adjoining that on which his own residence stands. This 
was some months before the plat of_ the town was laid out. 

I moved there on the 25th of November, 1866, and purchased a little 
frame house that stood on Mr. Reeves' farm, which I moved on to my 
lot, and camped in it during the winter,it being too late to build that season. 
A few weeks after my arrival, Mr. Lunbeck moved into his new house, 
and shortly afterwards laid out the present town, and offered lots for sale, 
to actual settlers on very liberal terms. The next spring, Mr. Wm. H. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 435 

Squairs and family settled with us, and built a house on the first lot sold 
after the town was laid out. 

Early in 1867, Mr. D. D. Buie, of Marshall, built a very commodious 
store and placed a good stock of goods in it, which was the first mer- 
cantile house established in the place. Shortly afterwards, Mr. J. M. 
Hopkins, of Waverly, bought a parcel of ground of Mr. A. F. Brown, 
adjoining the original town plat, and erected a very substantial store and 
dwelling house, and Dr. R. H. Corrin moved to the place and conducted 
the business of the store for several years succeeding. The house did a 
large business under Dr. Corrin's management, and was very prosperous. 
This and adjoining lots were afterwards added to the town, and are now 
known as " Browai's first addition." 

During the summer and fall of 1867, several very worthy individuals 
and families purchased lots, built houses and settled with us. Among 
these may be mentioned, Mr. E. Cooper and family; Dr. A. Van Meter 
and family; and Mr. Miles H. Van Meter, carpenter and builder, who has 
done much to enhance the interests of the place, by his enterprise and 
industry. 

From this time forward a steady emigration set in, and many houses 
were built in the town and adjacent countr}', until now, the lands consti- 
tuting the whole of what is known as the " Plains," are cultivated like a 
garden, and are unrivalled in fertility and productiveness by an}' on this 
continent, though, but ten years ago, they presented the appearance of a 
dreary morass, fit habitation only for frogs and mosquitoes. 

The new comers mere mostly from Ohio, who brought with them, not 
only considerable pecuniary means, but what is of much more value in a 
new country, intelligent minds and industrious habits. 

CHURCHES. 

M. E. CHURCH, (northern METHODISTS.) 

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Malta Bend w^as organized the 
third Sabbath in October, 1865, at the house of John Lunbeck. The 
original members w^ere John Lunbeck, Matilda Lunbeck, Robert S., 
Virgil R., Caroline, and Mary J. Lunbeck; George and Elizabeth Millice, 
Henr}' Millice and wife, Mary Miller and Maggie Miller. A frame church 
building, costing $1,500, was built in 1871, and dedicated in 1872, by Rev. T. 
J. Ferrill. The pastors have been S. Alexander, J. R. Sarceen, Mr. Stephens, 
H. R. Miller, S. P. Salloway, G. T. Smiley, F. Oechsli, C. J. W. Jones, 
James S. Porter, and the present pastor. Rev. John H. Gillespie. Present 
membership, 70. The present pastor says a Sabbath school was organ- 
ized soon after the formation of the original class, but discontinued every 
winter until 1868, when it w^as resolved to org^inize to discontinue only 
with the coming in of the millennium, which resolution has been kept so 
far. 



436 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

SOCIETIES. 
ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 

Saline Lodge, No. lOS, A. O. U. W., was organized February lOtb, 
1879, by John A. Brooks. The charter members were E. C. Gill, J. R. 
Lunbeck, S. Dow, J. F. Coleman, G. W. Newton, S. T. Warren, J. S. 
Holloway, W. C. Slusher, J. R. Brown, A. C. Bickers, J. S. Vanstone, M. 
R. Lawson, Dr. Lupton, A. T. Palmer, W. J. McCarty, C. H. Vanstone, 
and Mr. Snoddy. The first officers were E. C. Gill, P. M. W.; J. R. 
Lunbeck, M. W.; Simon Dow, G. F.; J. S. Holloway, Overseer; J. F. 
Coleman, Guide; S. T. Warren, F. ; W. C. Slusher, Receiver; G. W. 
Newton, Recorder; J. R. Brown, I. W.; Dr. Lupton, O. W. The present 
officers are A. F. Brown, P. M. W.; J. L. F. Lupton, M. W.; J. R. Lun- 
beck, G. F.; M. R. Lawson, Overseer; A. C. Bickers, Guide; A. F. Pal- 
mer, F.;J. F. Coleman, Receiver; E. C. Gill, Recorder; S. Dow, L W.;J. 
H. Gillespie, O. W. Present membership, 14. The lodge meets in a 
frame hall rented by themselves. None has ever been built. 

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. 

Eureka Lodge, No. 538, I. O. G. T., was organized June 20th, 1873, by 
D. B. Bernard, state deputy. The charter members w^ere W. H. Lun- 
beck, C. L. Van Meter, Bessie E. Miller, R. S. Lunbeck, S. T. Warren, 
John T. Maxson, Olive J. Hughes, Lyda Miller," Alice Cooper, Lydia 
Howard, Mary A. Maxson, Jacob Miller, Deborah Maxson, J. M. Rich- 
mond and others. The first officers were: W. C. T., C. L. VanMeter; 
W. V. T., Bessie E. Miller; Chaplain, R. S. Lunbeck; P. W. C. T., W. P. 
Chapline; W. R. S., S. T. Warren. The present officers are: W. C. T., 
J. H. Gillespie; W. V. T., Mrs. A. E. Lunbeck; W. Treas., Miss A. M. 
Wilson, etc. The number of members at this time is 52. The hall 
used is a frame, built by John Blosser in 1869. It was first occupied by 
the Masons, then by the Odd Fellows, then by the Patrons of Husbandry, 
I. O. G. T., Cornet Band, and A. O. U. W. The hall is now owned by 
J. R. Lunbeck and occupied by the Good Templars and the A. O. U. W. 

LAYNESVILLE. 

The town of Laynesville is situated on section 32, township 52, and 
range 22, on the bank of the Missouri River. It was founded in the 
year 1870, by John W. Layne, a large stock dealer, shipper and commis- 
sion merchant, then living in the town of Malta Bend, on the Petite Saw 
Plains. G. T. Walden opened the first store, having a stock of general 
merchandise. A postoffice was located here very soon after it was first 
laid out. Until 1875 the town of Laynesville flourished and grew rap- 
idly, being one of the heaviest shipping points on the river. The rail- 
roads which then traversed the county, cut oflT a large part of its trade, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 437 

and since it has been on the decline. In 1875, when at its zenith, it had 
one general store, one grocery, one drug store, one large flouring mill, 
three large warehouses, one saw mill, two physicians, one church, and 
one good school. It has now, in 1881, dwindled down to one general 
stock store and postoftice, two warehouses, two sawmills, one church 
and school. During the spring just past, the vast flood in the river 
inundated the town and submerged the whole bottom, wdth the exception 
of a long, narro\v bench of land betw^een Laynesville. 

COUNTRY CHURCHES. 
ASBURY CHAPEL. 

Asbury Chapel, under the control of the Northern Methodists, or 
Methodist Episcopal Church, was organized in 1874. The original 
members were Elias Ray, Rachael Ray, Nancy Settles, Elias Settles, 
Susan F. Jones, D. Boothe, G. Kilpatrick, Jack Hazell, Mrs. Hazell, H. 
Jones and Lewis Jones. A house of worship was built in 1880. It is a 
frame and cost $1000. It was dedicated March 27th of the same year 
by Rev. J. N. Pierce. The names of pastors are C.J. W. Jones, Jas. S. 
Porter, and John H. Gillespie. The present membership is twelve. 
There is a good Sabbath-school in connection with the church, with an 
excellent library, and the school lasts all the year round. 



MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 



This township, lying upon the Missouri river, and containing an abund- 
ance of timber, was one of the first settled in the county. For a sketch 
of its early settlement, the reader is referred to the histories of the settle- 
ment of the Miami and Edmonson's bottom. 

Other settlements w^ere made, how^ever, of which there is no certain 
record. According to Judge Tyree Davis, in township 53, range 20, w'as 
the first settlement in that neighborhood, in 1817, by Daniel Tillman, who 
came from Tennessee and settled on section 34. Thomas Rogers came 
from Tennessee in 1817, and settled on section 1, township 52, range 20; 
Richard Cummings came in 1817, locating on section 2; Uriah Davis, 
from Kentucky, in 1820, on section 34; Abel Garrett, in 1817, on section 3, 
all in township 52, range 20. 

The first death in the neighborhood was that of Miss Rhoda Brown, in 
1819. The body was buried on the line between townships 52 and 53 and 
between sections 34 and 35. 

The first marriage was that of Neal Fulton and Lucy Harris, in 1820 
or 1821, on section 34, township 53. 



438 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

The first male child born was John Fulton, son of Neal and Lucy Ful- 
ton (the first couple married), in 1821. The first female child born was 
Sarah Davis, daughter of Uriah and Elizabeth Davis, in 1821. 

The first church was organized by the Baptists, at High Hill, about the 
year 1829, near the graveyard still in the field of the widow Gilliam. The 
first religious services had been previously held in the house of Abel Gar- 
rett. See histor}^ of early religious organizations. 

The first school house was built by the community in the year 1820. 
It was located on section 3, township 52, range 20. The first teacher 
was Laban Garrett, who had about twenty scholars. See early schools. 

The first practicing physician was Dr. Penn, who came up from near 
Arrow Rock to visit his patients. 

Among the early preachers were Rev. Wm. Ferril^ a Methodist, an 
uncle of Jesse Ferril, of Miami; Hugh R. Smith and Abbott Hancock 
Cumberland Presbyterians. Rev. Smith died at Clinton, Henry county, 
and Rev. Hancock in California. 

The first cloth manufactured in the township was by Mrs. Susan Wolf- 
skill and Mrs. Ellen Wheeler, from cotton raised, ginned, carded and spun, 
by themselves, and "nettle flax." 

In the neighborhood of the town of Miami the settlements were begun in 
1817, in which year there came by keel-boat John Cook, Samuel Perry, 
Martin Waddle, Wm. Adams, and Mat. Maze, all from Kentucky, except 
Perry, who was from Pennsylvania. This history is given upon the 
authority of Alfred Wheeler and his wife Ruth, and Mr. J. P. Scott, of 
Miami. Mrs. Wheeler was born in Cooper's Fort, Howard county, and 
Mr. W. was raised in the neighborhood, whose history in part he relates. 
According to their testimony. Perry settled on a part of section 27, town- 
ship 53, range 21, and the rest near by. 

The first marriage was that of John Perry and Polly Harris, in the year 
1819. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Harris, of the M. E. 
Church. 

The first male child born was Samuel Perry, in March, 1818. His 
parents were Samuel S. and Betsy Perry. The first female born was 
Keziah Perry, the date of whose birth is June 7, 1819. She was a sister 
of Samuel Perry, Jr. 

The first death was that of John Harris, in 1818. He was buried in 
what was known as the old bluft' graveyard . 

Dr. Penn and Dr. John Sappington were the first regular physicians 
in the neighborhood. Dr. Sappington came from near Arrow Rock, 25 
miles away, for nearly ten years, to attend the sick of this community. 

The first religious services were at the house of Thomas Clemmons, in 
the years 1819, 1820, and 1821. They were conducted by Rev. Harris, a 
Methodist minister. 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 439 

The first school in the Miami botton was taught by Wm. Ferril. He 
had ten or twelve scholars at one dollar a scholar per month. Mr. Ferril 
subsequently removed to Jackson county and died in the year 1861. The 
first school house was built on the southwest corner of section 22, town- 
ship 53, range 21, in the 3'ear 1820, by the citizens. No public aid was 
ever received. The building was of logs, with clapboard roof, the boards 
fastened dow^n with poles reaching across and pinned to the logs; the floor 
was of puncheons; the cracks between the logs were "chinked" and then 
daubed with mud mortar. 

Mrs. Betsy Perry and Mrs. Jenny Cook wove the first cloth in the 
neighborhood. They raised their ow^n cotton, carded, spun, and colored 
it; then wove it and prepared it for the needle. For many years they 
raised and prepared their own indigo and madder, which were the dye- 
stuffs they used. Afterwards they raised flax, which they hatcheled, or 
"hackled," and spun and mixed with cotton, or wove webs together of 
linen. Carpet weaving was not done by the early settlers, for they 
needed no carpets. 

It was forty miles from this settlement to the nearest store — at Old 
Franklin — or to the nearest flouring mill. The settlers ground their corn 
(they had no wheat) by hand in a mortar w'ith a pestle, or in rude simple 
mills. Their vehicles w^ere one-horse carts or sleds drawn by oxen. The 
plows used were the old bar share, with wooden moldboards. 

The first shipments or exports of produce from the colony were made 
in 1822, by Samuel Perry, who bought a flatboat load of pork at from $1 
to $1.50 per hundred weight, which he marketed at a fair profit at Old 
Franklin and Booneville. The first potatoes and other produce were 
shipped the next year, by Joseph Clemmons. The shippers made their 
own boats out of timber hewn in the woods and of plank sawed by hand 
wnth the old whip-saw. 

Among the pioneers of the Miami bottom whose memory the old set- 
tlers delight to honor was Robert Patrick, the government contractor, 
some of whose good qualities are narrated in the general history of this 
volume. It was he who could travel through the Indian territories with 
his property when no other white man could. He lived at Patrick's Bend, 
on the Missouri, a tract of land comprising about 1,000 acres, where he col- 
lected his cattle preparatory to driving them to the U. S. forts. 

While Mr. Patrick was engaged in driving his cattle to fill his contracts, 
he supplied himself with food in the following manner: Before leaving 
home he would parch a quantity of corn, grind it in a hand-mill, and put 
it in a leathern sack for safe keeping; this answered for bread. His meat 
was obtained as he traveled from the herds of deer along the line of his 
road, and from other kinds of game. In this way he made enough money 
to buy a considerable tract of land from the government. His wife 



440 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

raised cotton and flax, which she prepared for the spinning-wheel and 
loom. 

The women of the settlement had to prepare all the cloth used for 
clothing from the raw material. Often they hunted for nettles, which 
they stripped of their lint and used as flax. Four yards of the cloth 
made in those days was sufficient for a dress. However, no basques and 
polonaises, and overskirts and lengthy trains were deemed essential to a 
dress then. The men tanned their own leather, made their own shoes 
and leather pants, and did much of the work themselves that is now done 
for their descendants by tailors and bootmakers. 

In the southern part of the township, according to T, R. E. Harvey, 
Esq., the first settlers in township .51, range 21, were Wm. Brown, from 
Cumberland county, Va., who settled on section 9; Maj. Thos. H. Har- 
vey, of Northumberland county, Va., who came in 1836, locating on sec- 
tion 17; Lewis Carthrae came before the year 1836, to section 21; P. 
Y. Irvine, came in 1833, to section 10; J. H. Irvine came in 1837 to the 
southwest quarter of section 16; Hugh Irvine, the same year, to the 
northwest quarter of section 22; Col. J. B. Brown in 1837 to the north- 
east quarter of section 4; O. Miller in 1840 to section 3; Josiah Gauldin 
in 1838 to section 3; J. A. Saufley in 1840 to section 5. All of these were 
from the state of Virginia. 

The first marriage remembered is that of Daniel T. Guthrey and Har- 
riet Brown, at Col. John B. Brown's, about the year 1842. The cere- 
mony was performed by a Methodist minister. 

The first regular physician in the neighborhood was Dr. E. M. Tal- 
bott, of Kentucky, who is still engaged in the profession in this township. 

The first minister was Rev. Millice, a Methodist, who held services in 
the old school house on the farm of Major Harvey. 

The first school was taught on the farm of Major Harvey, in the year 
1838, by T. D. Wheaton, of Newport, R. I., who afterward became Pre- 
siding Chief-Justice of the territory of New Mexico. The first school 
house was built about the year 1840, by the settlers, on the southwest 
quarter of section 15. It was a simple log house, no money being paid 
out for its construction except for nails and shingles. 

Among the many interesting incidents of the early history of this 
portion of the township, is one relating to a marriage ceremony per- 
formed a4: an early day. A negro man belonging to Maj. Harvey, and a 
negro woman, the property of Col. Jno. Brown, were married " at the 
residence of the bride." They expected a minister or magistrate to per- 
form the ceremony, but as neither of these personages came, a daughter 
of Col. Brown stepped out into the yard and performed the ceremony 
herself. " No cards." 

In the neighborhood of Fairville, upon the authority of Josiah Gauldin, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 44:1 

a resident of the township since 1831, it may be stated that the first set- 
tlers were Mrs. Green McCafferty, wife of the surveyor of the county, 
who came before the year 1831 to section 31, township 52, range 21; 
Daniel Snoddy, from Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1832, to section 1<,), 
township 51, range 21; James Lewis, from West Virginia, in 1830, to sec- 
tion 10, township 51, range 21. 

The first marriage was that of Daniel Snoddv to Miss Jane Brown, 
which occurred in 1833, at the residence of Mr. James Brown. The cere- 
mony was performed by a Methodist minister. 

The first regular physician was Dr. George Penn, from Arrow Rock. 
He afterward became a noted Democratic politician, and removed to St. 
Louis. 

The first schools were tftught in the grove where Mr. A. T. Irvine 
now lives, in section 15. The teachers were Mr. Kirby, John Duggins, 
Col. John W. Reid and Capt. Ruxton. About twenty scholars attended. 
The tuition was $1 per scholar per month. Here the first school-house 
was built. It was a frame, 18 feet square, and cost about $100. It was 
built by .the neighborhood. 

The first weaving of cloth was done by Mrs. Sarah A. Gauldin, wife 
of Josiah Gauldin. She wove on a loom made by a Mr. Smith, and did 
all kinds of weaving. 

The Glasgow and Lexington road was the only thoroughfare through 
this settlement in an early day. The settlers went to Jonesboro and 
Arrow Rock for what supplies in the way of "store goods" they were 
compelled to have. The store in Arrow Rock was kept by C. F. Jack- 
son (afterward governor) and Samuel Miller; the merchants at Jonesboro 
were Hook & Bros, and Gov. Marmaduke and Darwin Sappington. 

The capture of the fort of the Miami Indians is detailed in another 
chapter. From information received since that portion of this history was 
written, it is learned, upon the authority of Mr. Jesse Ferril, whose father, 
Henry Ferril, was a member of Captain Cooper's company of volunteers, 
that the Miamis were expecting an attack from the whites, and had evac- 
uated their fort to avoid it. Some of the Indians had the mainsprings of 
their guns broken, and supplied their places with others made of seasoned 
hickory, which answered all purposes very well. 

In 1859, Mr. Jesse Ferril met an interpreter for the remnant of the 
Miami Indians, then living in Kansas This interpreter gave the version 
of the capture of the fort as related to him by the old Miamis, and it 
comports in all substantial particulars with that given in this history. 

Miami township abounds in many features of interest to the archaeolo- 
gist and antiquarian. In this township are the "Pinnacles," the old 
French fort, and the probable site of the massacre of the Spaniards by 
the Indians in the eighteenth century. Many remains of the mound 



442 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

builders' age, the stone age, and other pre-historic ages, are to be found 
in many parts of the township. Upon this subject and others connected 
with the history of the township, Mr. Jesse Ferril says: 

There are many evidences and traces of occupants prior to the settle- 
ment by the whites in Miami township, among which are the remains of 
the old fort, which is about four miles south of the town of Miami, in 
what is called the Pinnacle hills. East of said fort, on the farms now 
owned by R. M. Williams and E. S. Casebolt, there have frequently been 
dug up portions of hunian skeletons. About thirty years ago I saw a 
young man named Thomas Wheeler, who had his pockets full of human 
teeth that he had drawn from the skulls and jaws of skeletons dug up 
when setting fence-posts on the above named farms, and I understand that 
human bones are frequently found at this day on said farms, from which 
fact I suppose there was once a great battle fought at that place. The 
Indians that were then in possession of this country when the whites first 
settled it knew nothing about the people who had built the fort and 
mounds in this portion of the country. There was also in an early day a 
great quantity of broken crockery-ware found in this vicinity and in the 
Pinnacle hills, all that I ever saw of which was unglazed. There were 
also pipes made of red stone and arrow-heads made from flints, and red 
stone used for paints. These were, I have no doubi, made and used by 
the Indians, for I have myself seen them have pipes of the same kind of 
stone and of a similar make. Stone axes were sometimes found. I dug 
one up which was about eighteen inches under ground when found, 
where the Christian Church now stands, in the town of Miami. I have 
dug into several mounds, in some of which I found charcoal and animal 
bones, and in others limestone rocks, which seemed to have been placed 
there by man, but did not show any marks of the mason's hammer. 
There was nothing peculiar about the bones that is noteworthy. 

The first white settlement was made in the Miami bottom in the years 
1817 and 1818, and the names of the settlers, as I now recollect, were 
William McMahan, Thomas Clemens, John Cook, Samuel Perry and 
Henry Ferril, most of whom were from Kentucky. ( This was before I 
was born, and I only state what I have heard from my parents). These 
were farmers, but furnished their families with meat mostly by hunting. 
Henry Ferril and John Ferril, his father, frequently went on trapping 
expeditions for beaver, some years previous to that date, from Howard 
county, and also on hunting expeditions after buffalo and elk, and would 
go as high up the Missouri river as Kansas river, and up it some distance, 
and other parties sometimes went with them. They had no trouble with 
the Indians after 1818. The Shawnees and some other tribes frequently 
came through this part of the country, up to 1836, but were friendly. I 
have frequently seen the Shawnees and 'my father, Henry Ferril, go on a 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 443 

bear chase tOf]fether. I have also seen the Shawnees and whites practice 
rifle-shooting at a mark together. The old hunters among the whites 
could generally beat them at the target, but the Indians could generally 
beat the ordinary farmer and hunter. 

INCIDENTS OF EARLY HISTORY. 
The following incidents of the early history of the township, have been 
furnished by Hon. J. B. Ish, one of the first settlers in the county. 

THE BIG SNOW OF 1827-8. 

The winter of 1837-8, was a remarkably hard one. It snowed without 
intermission from Christmas to New Year, and the snow was three feet 
deep on a level. Fortunately it did not blow while the snow was falling, 
or after, until the snow settled, and did not drift. It crusted so hard that 
men could walk on top, but no brute could move. There was an abun- 
dance of wild game in the country then, and deer could be caught by a 
man, but were too lean when caught to be of any use. In the early times 
hogs were allowed to run in the woods, and could generally live the year 
round on mast. They onl}^ ate corn occasionally out of compliment to the 
settlers. They became wild, and were killed by the hunters (and every 
settler w^as a hunter) the same as deer and other wdld game. Thousands 
of them perished during this hard winter. Wild turkeys froze to death, 
and dropped ot^' the roost. 

Honey was so abundant in the wilds, that every other tree was a bee- 
hive, and the other hollow trees had 'coons in them, was an old saying of 
the settlers. The sufi^ering among the stock w^as fearful indeed. The 
men did not suffer so much, as they could walk upon the snow. 

NEW MADRID LAND TITLES. 

The great earthquake of 1811, which destroyed a good portion of 
southeast Missouri, left ihe people in great poverty. Congress came to 
their rehef, and passed an act granting to each settler there a transferable 
land warrant for 160 acres of land that might be selected and located any- 
where that unappropriated lands were to be found, and government sur- 
veys were not permitted to disturb these lines. Jacob Ish bought two of 
these warrants, and located the first warrant in 1816 in the Big Bottom, 
and probably owned the first title to land in SaHne county. 

The government surveyed this country, and located a land office at Old 
Frankfort, opposite Booneville, and put the land on sale at $2.12^ per 
acre, in 1818, advertising on what day a congressional township would be 
sold. The terms of sale were, one-quarter down, and the remainder in 
three equal yearly payments, which proved very disadvantageous for both 
government and purchasers. Each man that had money enough to pur- 
chase a quarter-section cash, would purchase, instead, a whole section of 



414: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

640 acres, and make the first payment. In most cases the purchaser 
failed to make the other payments. Again congress came to their aid, 
with an act granting them the right to locate on the section they had bought, 
the number of acres their payments would actually pay for, the remainder 
of the sections reverting to the government. 

OVERFLOWS OF MISSOURI RIVER. 

The first general overflow, known to the whites, was in May, lS26j 
arising from an early thaw in the mountains. The first day of May the 
river began to rise, and by the 6th it was at its highest. It was five miles 
wide in the Big bottom, opposite Glasgow, and the water was deepest 
(2U feet) next the blut^s, proving that the land is higher at the banks than 
at the bluff. Settlers had to use their cabins for rafts. The grain was 
rotted, the fences washed away, and three-fourths of the stock drowned. 
In ten days the water subsided, except in low places, and the settlers 
returned, got their rails out of the drifts, refenced their land, and planted their 
crops ; and had an abundant crop that year. Notwithstanding the amount 
of water in the sloughs, and the general prediction, the season was as 
healthy as any. The next general overflow was in 1844, w^hen the water 
was even higher than in 1826. There was not so much damage to stock 
and grain, how^ever, as there were more people and more boats. All the 
bottoms were overflowed. From the Devil's Backbone, in Saline, to the 
other side, there was an expanse of water eleven miles wide. Having 
transferred their stock to the highlands, the settlers made their escape in 
boats and dugouts made for the purpose. There was great sickness in 
the fall of 1844, and many died, not only in Saline, but all along the river- 
The overflow begun early in June, and continued to the end of July. 

This township was one of the three original townships in the county. 
Its boundaries then were much larger than they are at present, and have 
been changed quite often, and are probably not yet made permanent. Its 
complete history would itself fill a volume. Before the war it was one 
of the wealthiest townships in Missouri, its large crops of hemp, corn, 
wheat and other cereals, and its herds of stock being the means of enrich- 
ing the farmers, their producers. 

During the war it suffered sev^erely from the ravages of the evil-disposed 
of both sides. The guerrilla chief, Quantrell, visited the township at least 
twice. Bill Anderson, Blunt, and Yager made frequent incursions into 
the township. Anderson crossed the river just above the town upon the 
occasion w^hen he went to Huntsville, Randolph county, and plundered 
the town and the county treasury of about $30,000. This was in June, 
1864. The Federal militia were constantly passing through the township, 
and Gen. Pleasonton's cavalry returned from the pursuit of Price along 
its main roads running east and west. Some of the tragedies happening 
in this township are given elsewhere. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 445 

ANTI-HORSE-THIEF SOCIETY. 

For some years after the war closed, Saline county horses would dis- 
appear from their stables and enclosures; no matter how stronj^ly or vigi- 
ilantlv guarded. Horse-stealing became at last so frequent and intolerable 
that no man's horse was safe, and the people of Miami township determ- 
ined to find some remedy for an evil that was growing worse every day. 
They therefore, in 1875, organized what was, and is still known as the 
"anti-horse-thief society of Miami township." Nearl}^ all the able-bodied 
property holders in the township, belonged to this organization, subscribed 
a financial fund, and pledged themselves that whenever the signal of a 
horse stolen from one of its members was given, they would pursue both 
horse and thief until the one was recaptured, and the other brought to 
justice. Since the organization of this society, the crime of hsrse-stealing 
has greatly decreased in the county as well as in Miami township. For a 
time, a number of horses were taken from Miami township, but all of them, 
except one, were recovered by the association, and now the disappearance 
of a horse from that township is a rare occurrence. The gentlemen so 
devoted to horse flesh that they cannot resist their craving for every good 
horse they see, have abandoned this township for other and less danger- 
ous fields. Long may this society live and prosper. 

THE TOWN OF MIAMI. 
The incorporated town of Miami is one of the oldest in the county, and 
one with a most interesting history. It was formerly called Greenville, 
and at one time aspired to be the county seat. From a printed sketch the 
following history has been adapted: 

The site of the town of Miami was entered in the year 1S33, by Henry 
Ferrill, one of the pioneers of Saline county. In 1836 he established a 
ferry, and in 1838 he laid out the town, which was known as Greenville 
until 1843, when it was changed to Miami. The broad-axe and whip-saw 
prepared all the building material used in the community until 1838, when 
a steam saw-mill enabled the good people to indulge in the luxury of plank 
houses. 

The first start toward business was a hewed log warehouse on the 
levee, and the first crop of hemp shipped was that of P. Y. Irvine, Esq., 
shipped by J. J. Ferrill in 1840. The first merchant was Singleton 
Vaughn. 

Gradually the little village grew in population and in business to meet 
the^requirements of the country. Hemp became the great staple of the 
county, and, in 1860, Saline was the great hemp-growing region of the 
west. Being the principal shipping point, Miami shared the notoriety and 
the prosperity, reaching a population of about 800. 

The war came on, and the industry of the entire county was totally 
prostrated. For four long years there was a general retrogression. 

After the close of the war a decided change took place in the agricul- 
tural products of the county. More attention was given to the raising o 



446 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

corn and stock; and wheat, which had never been extensively cultivated, 
gradually took the place of hemp. 

For several years it was thought that Saline soil was not well adapted 
to the growth of wheat, but experience has corrected the error. The 
crop of last year (1873) w^as not only large, but the quahty was the very 
best sent to the St. Louis market. 

Though her productions and resources are many and varied, it is for 
corn and stock that Saline has become most famous; and Miami gets a 
large share of the shipments. During the year 1873 there were over one 
thousand car-loads ot stock crossed at Miami, and shipped on the St. 
Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railroad; besides a large number shipped 
by river. 

Extensive deposits of coal and the best building stone in the state (the 
White Rock quarry), in the immediate neighborhood, and the matchless 
fertility of the soil of the Missouri valley, make Miami one of the most 
convenient and desirable points in central Missouri for the estabhshment 
of manufactories of various kinds, on a large scale, such as farming imple- 
ments, wagon, and all various articles required by the people, which can 
be manufactured to much better advantage when the producer and con- 
sumer live near together. Every branch of trade and industry is well 
represented, and no point in the country offers greater inducements to 
farmers, either for the purchase of their produce, or for the sale of such 
articles as they have to buy. The public school is one of the largest and 
best in this part of the state, and the citizens take great interest and pride 
in it. 

• The savings bank has a capital of $50,000, the unpaid portion of which 
is secured by real estate, thus giving to depositors a security rarely offered. 

The business of the town is good at present, and the prospect for the 
future is flattermg. 

THE CHURCHES OF MIAMI. 
Although at one time there was a great deal of immorality in the town 
of Miami, now no place of its size in the country has more of quietude of 
manners and orderly behavior and conduct. There are many churches 
and church-going people, and the morals of the community are well 
looked after, and are of a high character. 

THE M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. 

The present organization of this church was established in 1854. The 
original members were Mother Ferril, James Isbell and two daughters, 
Wm. S. Brown and wife, Wm. Eustace, R. R. Cruzen and wife, N. Perry 
and w^ife, Mrs. Music, Mrs. Eustace, Mrs. Martin and others. The 

pastors have been Wm. Protsman, Thomas Finney, J. R. Bennett, 

Peterson, John Shackelford, Wm. Compton, Wm. Wharton, John Wood- 
ridge, W. J. Brown, Luke Pulliam, W. H. Woodward, M. Adkinson, 
Wm. B. McFarland, P. Phillips, J. A. Murphy, B. Margeson, and J. T. 
Perry. The number of members at present is 85. The tirst church 
building of this church was destroyed during the war, in 1864. The 
second was built of brick, at a cost of $6,500, and was finished in 1872. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 447 

CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

The Christian Church of Miami was organized in 1850 or 1851. The orig- 
inal members were N. S. Robertson, Emily Robertson, Jno. Robertson, 
Wm. Thomas and wife, F. Robertson, W. C. Monroe and wife, P. Maupin 

and wife, M. Moberly and wife, Erwin and wife, Wm. Erwin, S. 

Pemberton and wife, Eliza Moberly, Mary Stevenson, Susan Clement. 
The pastors have been Elder Flint, J. W. McGarvey, Thos. P. Holey, (or 
Halsey) Wm. H. Robinson, Dr. W. T. Jordan, T. N. Gaines, Samuel 
McDaniel, H. M. Dale, and Geo. Plattenburg. The number of present 
membership is 170. The present church building, which is a frame, w as 
built in 1854, at a cost of about $3,000. In connection with the church 
is a flourishing Sabbath-school, of about 65 members, which was organ- 
ized in 1866. 

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

This is the oldest church organization in the town, being organized 
November 20, 1849. The records say: 

"At the request of sundry members of the United Baptist Church, the 
following persons resolved themselves into a council on Tuesday, the 20th 
day of November, 1849, to determine in relation to the propriety of con- 
stituting a church in the town of Miami, Saline count}-, Missouri,— to-wit: 
Elders R. Y. Thompson, Wm. C. Ligon, and Deacons Wm. Graves and 
R. E. McDaniel. After an appropriate sermon by Elder Wm. C. Ligon, 
from Ephesians 2:20 and 22, the following brethren and sisters presented 
testimonials satisfactory to the council that they were members of the 
United Baptist Church, in good standing: Elder W. C. Batchelor, Win- 
son Rice, C. W. Pendleton, W. H. Cunningham, Ann P. Rice, Lucy V. 
Haynie, Catherine Strother, Elizabeth Graham, Eliza Campbell, Nancy 
Batchelor, and Judith Haynie." 

Elder Bachelor was the first pastor. He preached for the congrega- 
tion some three months, when he was succeeded by the Rev. W. M. Bell, 
who served seven years. The other pastors have been A. P. Williams, 
John H. Luther, A. P. Williams, G. W. Rodgers, E. Home, J. C. Arm- 
strong, G. W. Hatcher. The present membership is 193. 

The deacons have been W. Rice, A. Wheeler, E. W. Lewis, C. W. 
Pendleton, N. J. Smith, C. C. Booth, and J. C. Scott. The clerks, W. J. 
Cunningham, L. B. Harwood, D. H. Lindsey, N. J. Smith, and W. H. 
Wheeler. 

The first church building was a frame, erected in 1852, and erected by 
the congregation. Afterwards, in 1857, it was improved greatly, making 
the total cost of the building, ab'out $2,700. During the war this house 
was occupied by the Federal militia, who enclosed it with a stockade. In 
the summer of 1864, two Confederate bushwhackers, taking advantage 



448 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

of the absence of the Federal troops, set it on fire and it was burned to 
the ground. The present church was built in 186G, and dedicated in 
December of that year, by Rev. W. M. Bell. It cost about $4,000. 

There is a flourishing Sabbath-school of 150 scholars connected with 
this church. 

THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

A number of members of the Episcopal church, namely, John G. 
Guthrie, Henry Boyer and John H. Boyer, with their wives and others, 
effected a church organization of their denomination, about the year 1870. 
This organization is called Grace Church Missionary Station. It has no 
church building. Services are and have been held in a hall, belong- 
ing to John G. Guthrie, who fitted it up with the necessary furniture for 
church use. The pastors have been Rev. Dr. Samuels and Rev. M. L. 
Woodruff. Services are held monthly. Present membership, 20. Mr. 
John G. Guthrie, the chief supporter of this church, it is claimed, has 
contributed more than any other man towards the erection of churches 
and the furtherance of church work in Saline county. 

AFRICAN M. E. CHURCH. 

This church was temporarily organized by Sylvester Dines, a local 
preacher, about the year 1866. As none of the members could read or 
write, no records were then kept. In 1870, the A. M. E. conference sent 
Rev. Wm. G. Rhinehart, as pastor. The original members were Jacob 
and Hannah Brown, Mary McFadden, Adeline Hobson and Rosa Adams. 
The colored Baptists and Methodists worshipped in a house owned by 
both denominations, until 1878. In 1879, the members of this church 
erected a church building, a frame, at a cost of about $600, which will be 
dedicated the present season. Besides Rev. Rhinehart, the pastors of this 
church have been G. W. Thatcher, John R. Loving, S. W. Bird and G. 
W. Guy. Jacob Brown, one of the first trustees, is still living at the age 
of 78. The present membership is 49. 

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH (COLORED). 

This church was organized in the spring of 1868. James Thomas and 
York Brown were the first trustees. Names of the first members have 
not been ascertained. The pastors have been Ephraim Jenkins, Hardin 
Smith, Wm. P. Brooks, and J. W. Crustion. The first church was erected 
in 1876. It is a frame, and cost $1,500. It was dedicated the present 
season. The present membership is 150. There is a Sabbath-school in 
connection, which is in a prosperous condition. Preaching, twice a month; 
prayer meeting, every week. The church is out of debt, and has a 
cemetery in the church-yard, two acres in extent, which was donated to 
the church by Rev. W. M. Bell. As previously stated, this congregation 
at first worshipped with the colored Methodists. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 449 

The Old School Presbyterians had a congregation organized in Miami, 
in Ls^T, by Rev. Geary Hickman. They built a church the same year, 
the only one in the place for a number of years. In 1867 the church was 
reorganized by Rev. Nail. A new church was completed in 1870. 

CIVIC SOCIETIES. 
PALESTINE CHAPTER, NO. 69, R. A. M. 

The first organization of this chapter was effected in October, 1871. 
The charter members were L. Fry, Vance Bell, J. H. Eakin, H. Mer- 
tens, D. F. Bell, Rev. J. B. Hamner, T. S. Akerman, Jno. Elder, C. P. 
Bondurant, and G. W. Rogers. The chapter holds its meetings in the 
Masonic hall, a brick building, costing from $1,500 to $l,80o. The pres- 
ent officers are: D. F. Bell, H. P.; J. W. Robertson, king; Wm. H. 
Morris, scribe; A. A. Wheeler, C. of H.; L. Fry, P. S.; A. J. Casebolt, 
R. A. C; Geo. Burrus, M. of 3d V.; T. S. Akerman, M. of 2d V.; B. 
B. Berry, M. of 1st V.; G. N. Hill, guard. The number of members is 
twenty-four, one of whom is a Knight Templar. 

I. o. o. F. 

Miami Lodge, No. 198, I. O. O. F., was organized October 14, 1868, 
by W. H. Plunkett, district deputy grand master. The charter members 
were: R. P. Edgington, N. G.; J. M. Stone, V. G.; J. Greenebaum, 
secretary; John Martin, treasurer; Stephen Wheeler, W. O. Smith, H. 
Mertins, W. W. Jenkins, Dr. A. A. Wheeler, and D. S. Kinson. The 
lodge meets in a brick hall, which was built in 1876, at a cost of $1,600.. 
The present officers are: Joseph Wilson, N. G.; F. Miles, V. G.; J. A. 
Jessup, P. S.; A. Koyar, Jr., secretary; Henr}' Mertins, treasurer; John 
Martin, warden. Present membership, forty-two; number of past grands, 
fifteen. 

L o. G. T. 

Miami Lodge, No. 467, Independent Order of Good Templars, was 
organized November 5, 1880. The original members were: C. W. Pen- 
dleton, Rev. J. T. Perry, David Vaughan, Rob't Ruxton, J. G. Ball, G. 
W. Carpenter, C. Portman, F. Snelling, Prof. J. B. Tate, Dr. A. A. 
Wheeler, and thirty-eight others. The lodge, for the present, occupies 
the Odd Fellows' hall. The present membership is eighty. Present offi- 
cers are: P. W. C. T., G. W. Carpenter; W. C. T., David Vaughan; 
W. V. T., Miss A. M. Hawkins; chaplain, Rob't Ruxton; secretary, W. 
T. Burns; assistant secretary. Miss Janie Robinson; treasurer. Miss Mary 
Zea. Number of members at present, eighty. 

A. o. u. vv. 

Brook Lodge, No. 79, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was organ- 
ized in October, 1878, with the following members: A. L. Wheeler, W, 
29 



450 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

A. Marshall, W. Parish, Hy. Burruss, R. S. Ireland, J. L. Burruss, J. 
Greenebauin, Lee Hughes, G. R. McDaniel, A. R. Edmonds, D. B. Col- 
trane, Isham Roberts, J. B. Moberly. The Odd Fellows' hall is used in 
which to meet. The number of members at present is 42. The present 
officers are H}'. Burruss, P. M. W.; A. R. Edmonds, JVI. W.; Flournoy 
SneUing, G. F. ; A. L. Wheeler, Overseer; D. F. Bell, Recorder; John 
Burns, Receiver; H. P. Eakle, Financier; John Higgins, Guide; G. R. 
McDaniel, I. W. 

A. F & A, M. (colored.) 

Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 10, A. F. & A. M., colored, was organized 
June 3, 1874, by Wm. R. Lawton, G. M. The original members were 
G. W. Thatcher, W. M.; F. Booker, S. W.;Thos. Green, J. W.; Monroe 
Booker, Treasurer; Thomas Booker, Secretary, and twenty-two others. 
A hall was purchased in the year 1877, at a cost of $300. The present 
officers are R. R. Pool, W. M.; Thomas Williams, S. W.; H. Tolliver, J. 
W.; James Beason, Treasurer; A. D. Johnson, Secretary. Number of 
members, eighteen, a falling off of nine from the original number. 

ELECTA COURT, 

No. 17, was organized February 27th, 1880, by G. W. Guy, Grand Lec- 
turer. The officers are Mrs. V. E. Guy, M. A. M.; James Beason, W. J.; 
Mrs. Mary Pool, Treasurer; Mrs. C. B. Crushon, Secretary. 
THE MIAMI SAVINGS BANK 

was formerly a private institution, owned and operated by J. H. Eakin 
and L. J. Hamner, and was established in 1869. In 1874 it was purchased 
by a stock company and organized under its present name and charter, 
with a capital stock of $50,000. I. C. Withers, president; L. J. Hamner, 
cashier; B. F. McDaniels, secretary. The present president is J. G. Guth- 
rie; L. J. Hamner, cashier, and W. H. Wheeler, secretary. The first 
five years the bank declared 120 per cent, dividends. The bank has never 
lost a cent, which, says the cashier, is not so much due to the management 
as to the solvency of its patrons. 

THE MIAMI MILLS. 

The Miami mills were established in 1871, by Guthrie, HoUoway & 
Keller. They are now owned by J. G. Guthrie. The capacity is one 
hundred and fifty barrels of flour per day. They are situated on the bank 
of the Missouri river, and have all the latest and best class of machinery. 
The mill proper, is 34x45 feet, has four stories and a warehouse 45x100 
feet, two stories high. 

THE A. C. BIRD. 

The steam packet, A. C. Bird, was built in 1877, at Grafton, Illinois, for 
the Burruss Bros., of Miami, at a cost of $16,000. Her regular run was 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 451 

on the Missouri river, from DeWitt to Waverly, tifteen miles, which was 
made tri-weekly. The railroad pool forced her out in April, 1880. She 
then went to La Crosse, Wisconsin, for lumber for Kansas City market. 
After this trip she ran independent from Waverly to St. Louis for a while; 
and then entered the " Star Line." On her second trip she sank at Lib- 
erty landing, below Kansas City. She has always been commanded by 
Capt. George Burruss, who was on her when she sank. 

THE BRUCE CARRIAGE FACTORY 
was founded in August, 1858, by C. G. Bruce, and is owned and oper- 
ated by him now. All kinds and styles of carriages, buggies, etc., are 
here manufactured. Four hands are constantly employed, and about 
$6,000 worth of work done annually. It is the intention of the proprietor 
to increase its capacity to $10,000 during the present year. 

THE SALINE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION 
was incorporated at Miami March 3, 1857, and located one quarter 
of a mile southeast of Miami, and occupies tifteen acres of land. The first 
president was ex- Gov. M. M. Marmaduke. The eighteenth fair was held 
in 1880. Its present officers are John Burruss, president; A, R. Edmonds, 
secretary. This association has been of great benetit in developing the 
agricultural interests of Saline county. 

THE PEOPLE'S MILL 
at Miami, was built for a distillery, in 1866, by Purcell & Co., and was 
used for that purpose about one year, when it was seized by the Govern- 
ment, and sold to Van Meter & Shaughnessy. They converted it into a 
flouring mill and operated it until 1875. In 1881 it was purchased by 
Smith & Lemon, and refitted wdth new and improved machinery. It has 
a capacity of one hundred barrels per day. 

THE MIAMI TELEPHONE 
was established June 1, 1880, and was built by the citizens of Miami. 
The office is in the drug store of A. R. Edmonds. The line runs from 
Miami to Miami Station, on the W., St. L. & P. R. R., a little over two 
miles across the river, and is now in connection with the Western Union 
Telegraph Co. A continuation of the line to Marshall was etiected the 
present year. 

THE MIAMI LIVERY AND SALE STABLES 

owned and operated by Robertson Bros., average about twenty head 
of horses, with a large number of carriages, buggies, &c. They ship 
about twenty car loads of horses and mules per annum. 



452 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

THE FREE STATE SETTLEMENT. 
There was once a settlement about seven miles east of Miami, in Saline 
county, called "The Free State." In 1840 there was a dance in the 
" Free State." The " boys" of Miami — and among them the county sur- 
veyor, A. M. Brown, — went to the dance. The Miami " boys" were too 
" solid" with the " Free State" girls to suit their country sweethearts. So 
to get even with them, the country fellows shaved all their horses' tails, 
and turned the saddles so that when they mounted, their faces would be 
to the horses' tails. Brown's horse was well tarred and turned loose. 
He strayed away and was taken the next day. In order to advertise the 
stray it was necessary to appraise him. Brown, as it happened, was one 
of the appraisers, and put the price at a nominal sum. Some weeks 
after, as he was passing, he saw the horse, now cleaned oH — and had to 
prove his property. 

JUDGE FERRIL'S " BUSHWHACKERS." 
Amid all the gloom and horrors of the civil war in Missouri, many 
amusing incidents happened that do to laugh over now. During the war, 
when guerrilla bands had become prevalent, Justice Ferril, of Miami, was 
suddenly awakened one dark night by a loud knocking on his door. Of 
course he was satisfied at once that the " bushwhackers" had him, and 
trembling in every limb, he hurried down without waiting to dress. It 
proved to be only a couple who wished to be married immediately, and 
who were in so great a hurry, that they would not wait for him to dress 
— so he married them then and there, scms coat, sans vest, sans boots and 
trousers, and they went on their way rejoicing. He also went rejoicing 
back to bed. 

RIOT IN MIAMI, IN 1867. 

The following is the account of the killing of Thos. Elson, alluded to 
elsewhere in this history, as given by citizens of Miami: 

On Sunday, March 17, 1867, Wm. Elson, Lewis Elson, Thos. Elson and 
Jas,Burnsides, who had been members of the state militia, and lived about 
two miles from Miami, came into Miami, and galloped around town, firing 
their revolvers at every negro they saw wearing gray clothes, and swear- 
ing that the same were rebels. A good number of the negroes were 
wearing Confederate clothes, given them by returned soldiers. In the 
afternoon, one of them fired at a negro entering the hotel of Mr. Snelling. 
Snelling came to the door, and demanded why they were shooting in his 
yard? One of them replied, "We will shoot you," and fired at him, hit- 
ting the door casing, and glancing, came very near to Mr. Snelling. This 
was a little too much! Snelling gathered up his gun and fired at William 
Elson, and missing him, knocked him down with the gun, and received a 
ball from Thomas Ellis, in his gunstock. By this time the citizens were 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 453 

all aroused, and turned out in force. They soon put the ex-militia to flight. 
In the pursuit, Thomas Elson was killed. The coroner's jury returned a 
verdict of " killed by a shot fired by J. A. Saufley." Saufley was tried 
before a justice, and Immediately acquitted. Lewis and Wm. Elson were 
arrested for disturbing the peace, and held to bail in the sum of ^500 each. 

" THE BLACK FLAG." 
In April, 1865, not long after the assassination of President Lincoln, the 
town of Miami was, for a few minutes, thrown into the greatest conster- 
nation and alarm. The news of the murder had reached the place, and 
there came also the report that the Federals were incensed beyond meas- 
ure and restraint, and were taking fearful vengeance upon the Confeder- 
ates and their sympathizers, whom they beHeved to be, directly or indi- 
rectly, the accomplices of John Wilkes Booth. A few parties in Miami 
had been heard to exult over the murder, or at least had noi been heard 
to express any regrets, and the report was generally current that the 
militia were about to visit the town and put to the sword, summarily and 
without exception, ever}^ adult male not known to be a Federal or an 
active Federal sympathizer. Just at this moment a steamboat was seen 
coming up the river crowded with Federal soldiers and with a black jlag 
floating from the jack-staft'! God help the poor men of Miami now! To 
flee to the country was to run the risk of meeting the militia, and there 
seemed no way of escape. It is said that many men actually betook 
themselves to their prayers, and made preparations to pass through the 
the dark valley and shadow. The boat landed at the wharf. It was 
draped in black from stem to stern. A band of soldiers, grim and threat- 
ening, left the boat, marched silently and ominously up into town, and — 
while every citizen listened with bated breath for the work of carnage and 
slaughter to begin, — bought some crackers and cheese, paid for them, 
and returned to the boat ! It was explained that the boat had been draped 
by her officers, and was merely in mourning for the " Martyr President." 
The boat with her cargo, soon steamed away for Lexington, and the peo- 
ple came forth into the streets again — some from cellars, some from hay- 
mows, some from other hiding places often occupied before, and all the 
people breathed deep breaths of great relief. 

FAIRVILLE. 
The town of Fairville was laid oft by Col. John B. Brown, in 1856. On 
its site he established an academy and boarding-house. In 1869 a sale of 
lots was made by J. D. Edwards. During the war the people of the sur- 
rounding country w^ere intensely southern in their sentiments and sympa- 
thies, and furnished a large number of troops for the Confederate army. 
A secession flag was raised in the town in 1861. It was near this place 
that Capt. Ed. Brown was murdered by the Federal militia. Detach- 



454 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ments of the armies of both sides frequently passed through the little 
hamlet. 

The first Baptist Church of Fairville was organized in the spring of 
1876, by Rev. W. M. Bell, of Miami. The number of original members 
was about fifty. A church building was erected the same year. The 
first pastor was Rev. J. B. Dodson. Present membership is about seventy- 
five. 

COUNTRY CHURCHES. 

There are several church organizations in the township outside of the 
towns, only a few of which, however, have furnished the details of their 
history in time for this volume. This is a circumstance greatly to be 
regretted, but cannot be helped. 

MT. CARMEL CHURCH, M. E., SOUTH, 

was organized in the year 1850. The original members were Wm. Brown 
and Lucy Brown, his wife, Josiah Gaulden and wife, P. Y. Irvine and wife, 
James Irvine and wife, Hugh Irvine and wife, D. T. Guthrie, J. G. Tucker, 
Maj. T. F. Harvey, and their wives, E. J. Brown, T. R. E. Harvey and 
Mrs. Martha J. Saufley. A fine brick church was built the same year 
at a cost of about $3,000. It was dedicated the same year by Rev. W. 
M. Protsman, now of Warrensburg, Missouri. Some of the pastors have 
been T. M. Finney and W. M. Protsman. The church building is a mile 
and a half south of Fairville. 

MT. HOREB CHURCH. 

This church, of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination, is situated 
on section eight, township 51, range 20. It was organized December 26, 
1859, by Rev. Peter Goodman Rea, with the following members: 
William Wheeler, James Wilhite, James Fletchal, Henry Swisher, James 
Smith, C. A. Claycomb, Mrs.E. Smith, Mrs. Deborah Ford, Mrs. Minerva 
Wheeler, Miss M. C. Ford, Miss Artamesia Fletchal, Elizabeth Swisher, 
Mrs. C. Winning, Mrs. Mary A. Rea, Miss Anna W. Rea. 

The church building was erected in the fall preceding the organization, 
and was dedicated on the same day of the constitution, by Rev. Rea. It 
is a frame and cost $2,150. The pastors have been Revs. P. G. Ray, 
Warren Compton, James Martin, Oliver Guthrie, J. B. LawTence, and 
after an absence of ten years, Rev. P. G. Ray again, the present pastor. 

The first ruling elders were James Wilhite, Wm. Wheeler, Wm. Ish, 
and Dudley C. Cooper. Present membership, 125. 

HARMONY CHURCH. 

This church was organized August 18, 1831, by Rev. Hugh R. Smith. 
The original members were James S. Berry and wife, John Johnson and 
his mother and sister, Coleman Kavanaugh and wife, Mrs. Cynthia Han- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 455 

cock and her mother. The church building, a frame, was erected in 1875. 
The present membership is about one hundred. No official report has 
been received from this church. The house of worship 'is located upon 
section thirty-four, township fifty-two, range twenty-one. 

From the best information obtainable, Bethel Baptist Church was 
organized in 1846, by Rev. T. Harris, with eleven members. A church 
was built in 1847, on section 8, township 52, range 20. The first pastor 
was Rev. Mr. Ligon. 

Abbott Hancock organized a Cumberland Presbyterian church in 1829, 
and the congregation is still in existence. They have a church building, 
completed in 1877. 

Shiloh Baptist Church is located in the eastern part of the township, 
and was organized in August, 1874, by Rev. E. W. Horn, assisted by 
Rev. J. L. Hampton. Present membership, about 75. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



It is a matter of much regret that the history of the townships of Saline 
county cannot be given m extenso. Especially is this so in the cases of 
the townships of Miami, Arrow Rock, Cambridge and Jefferson. But to 
give a full and complete history of any one of these townships, such as 
could and perhaps should be given, would require a volume almost the 
size of this. 

Jefferson township was one of the very first settled in the county. It 
contained the first capital of the county — Old Jefferson. It contained the 
men who shaped its legislation and molded its destiny. It contained the 
germs of that civilization and that enterprise which have developed the 
county, made it what it is, and will make it what it shall be. Jefferson 
township contained the Edmonson bottom settlement, for the history of 
which the reader is referred to the history of the early settlements. 

Mr. Alfred Wheeler (may his tribe increase!), now of Miami township, 
who came to Saline county m 1819, states that the first settlements in Jef- 
ferson township were made by Richard Edmonson, from Tennessee, in 
1816; Captain Richard Cummings, an Indian agent, who came from the 
same state in the same year; Thomas Rogers, Henry and Rdger Brown, 
Thomas Hopper, John Young, Thomas and Daniel Tillman, John and 
Orvah Snow, all from Tennessee, to the upper end of the bottom, in 
1816 or 1817. Wm. J. Wolfskill, Rice Downing, and Jane Hurd, from 
Kentucky, and Able Garrett, Wm. McDaniel and the Gwinn family 
(three brothers, Bartholomew, William and Almand), fi-om Cocke county, 
Tennessee, "near Kit Bullard's old mill," settled on section 16, township 
52, range 19. This settlement was for a time called Gwinntown. The 



456 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Gwinns and their relatives were so numerous that for a long time they 
controlled the politics and the political atiairs of the county, and especially 
of Jefferson township. A candidate w^as quite sure of an election if they 
all voted for him. In religion the Gwinns were Baptists. 

Kentuckians could be distinguished from Tennesseeans by their dress; 
the apparel oft proclaimed the man. The Tennesseeans wore brown 
jeans coats and striped cotton pantaloons, and who so spruce and gay as 
they! The men from "Old Kaintuck" were arrayed in all the glory of 
blue jeans suits. This w as, of course, when they first came into Saline 
county. After they had been here for some time, they all wore what 
they could get. The women dressed in cotton or linsey dresses, with 
cotton or linen caps on their heads, and shoes made by the "men folks" 
of buckskin or home-tanned leather, and the fashions didn't change then 
for years. When babies came, as they did come — and as they aWays 
will come into every orderly and well-regulated settlement, heaven bless 
them — they were quite often rocked and lulled to sleep in cradles made 
after the fashion of a sugar-trough, fashioned by the hand of the fond 
father by being "dug out" of a log, like a miniature canoe, and with 
seasoned hickory bows attached to them for rockers. Within this little 
trough there w^ere placed a few folds of flannel or linsey or some other 
sort of cloth — sometimes a pillow, brought hundreds of miles — some- 
times soft " hatcheled " but unspun tow or flax, ^nd into these nests there 
were snuggled the then innocent, cunning little darlings that are now the 
reverend and gray old settlers of Saline county, bowed and bent, and 
having become again " as little children," are waiting for the call of the 
Master. 

The first religious services held in all the settlement were in the neigh- 
borhood of where Old Good Hope Church stands. Wm. Rogers taught 
the first school, and received from the scholars, of whom there were 
about fifteen, about seventy-five cents per month per head for his services. 
Mr. Rogers went back to Tennessee, and there died The first school- 
house was built on section 35, township 53, range 20. It was constructed 
of logs, the same as the one in the Miami bottom, and was built by the 
contributed labor of the settlers. 

OLD JEFFERSON. 

Within this township, upon the banks of the Missouri, stood the town 
of Jefferson, or Old Jefierson, as it was called, w^hich was the first count}' 
seat of the county — now no more. For eleven years it was the capital 
of Saline, with all that the name implied, which in that day was not much. 

During the civil war Jefferson township was kept in a constant state of 
disquietude by the movements of the Confederates and the militia wdthin 
her borders. There was a company of militia at Frankfort, and John 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 457 

Hawkins' band of bushwhackers, Blunt's, Anderson's, and other guer- 
rillas were here from time to time. Nine dwelling-houses and one church 
were burned in New Frankfort, by the bushwhackers. Afterwards as- 
sessments were made upon the disloyal citizens of the surrounding coun- 
try to pay for the property destroyed. This was done, and $1,500 was 
paid to the trustees of the Presbyterian church for its loss. Every house 
burned was paid for. Lieutenant Pinhart was killed a mile or two from 
Frankfort by Hawkins. 

But the civil war, with all of its shedding of brothers' blood, and mur- 
der of innocent men, and vandalism, is over, never to be again. So let it 
pass into oblivion and forgetfulness. There is better work for people to 
do than to brood over horrors that have passed and cannot come again. 
Let the better memories of historic old Jefferson township be cherished, 
and let the bitter ones perish. 

THE TOWN OF FRANKFORT. 

The town of Frankfort or New Frankfort was laid off in January, 
1858, by the Columbia City Building Association, of Milwaukee, Wiscon- 
sin. Its real founders were Messrs. Kaul, Alexander and Keye. The 
town was incorporated in 1859. The first mayor was John Kepler. The 
postoffice was estabHshed the same year, and Mr. Kepler was the first 
postmaster. John Kaul is the present postmaster. Peter Kaul built the 
first house; John Kepler owned the first store. 

The first school house built was erected in 1866. It was a brick and 
cost $3,000. Rev. Charles Loudal taught the first school; he had about 
thirty pupils, and received a dollar per month from each. The first reli- 
gious services were held in a privatehouse, and the first minister was Rev. 
Charles Loudal, a Cumberland Presbyterian. 

The first death was that of Dr. Elgin, who died in 1859, and was 
buried in the town cemetery. The first physician was Dr. Rantler. 

The first cemetery was estabHshed within the corporate limits of the 
town, and is still used as such. 

During the civil war nine dwelling houses and the Cumberland Presby- 
terian Church were burned, and the town felt the efiects of the war for 
some time. The great majority of the people were Union sympathizers, 
and a company of Union or Federal militia was raised in the place. 
Since the town of Slater has been built, many of the merchants have 
removed to the new city and there remain now but three merchants in 
Frankfort. 



458 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

THE CHURCHES IN FRANKFORT. 
CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

New Frankfort congregation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church 
was organized September 16, 1860. The church was constituted with 37 
members, whose names have not been furnished. A frame church build- 
ing was erected in 1860, at a cost of $1,400, and dedicated the same year, 
by Rev. F. Locke. This building was bnrned during the war by the 
Confederates, and in 1869, a new brick church was built, costing $1,700. 
The pastors of this church have been Revs. Charles Loudal, John I. Gey- 
ser, H. Strauss, Fred Lippe, F. Swartz, Jacob Schmittler, Charles Ehr- 
hardt and Schnake. In 1870, the membership was transferred to the gen- 
eral Presbyterian Church, and in 1879 was transferred to the Evangelical 
Association. 

GERMAN METHODIST. 

The church was organized in 1862, with ten members. A frame 
church building, costing $2,000, was built in 1862, and dedicated the 
same year by Rev. Snirley. The church has had seven pastors since its 
organization. Rev. Arnsparge is the present pastor. At one time this 
church had 36 members, but, owing to deaths and dismissals, now 
but six. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

This church was organized September 16, 1876, with about twenty 
families as members. A frame church, costing $2,200, was built the 
same year, and dedicated on the same day of the organization, by Rev. 
Father Ryan, of St. Louis, now bishop. The pastors have been Fathers 
Meyers, Cechender, Busch, Wilinbring, Taurant, and Pauk. The pres- 
ent membership is composed of about seven families. 

GOOD HOPE CHURCH — BAPTIST. 

This church was the first religions organization established in Saline 
county^ and one of the first Protestant organizations in the state of Mis- 
souri. It was organized in the month of August, 1818, at the residence 
of Capt. Bill}' Job, in the Big bottom, opposite Glasgow. 

Among the first members were Wm. Job, Alex. Liggett, Almond or 
Almon Gwinn, and Lillard. Capt. Job was the first clerk, and Lig- 
gett and Gwinn the first deacons. 

After having completed the organization the congregation dispersed,. 
the men to prepare to march on the following morning, under Capt. Billy 
Job, to chastise the Indians who were depredating upon the settlers, and 
the women to gather all the children and the scanty stores of the settle- 
ment into the log fort for safety during the absence of their protectors. 
Happily the men returned in a few da^-s, having lost not one of their 
number, and leaving their neighbors in Lafayette in security. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 459 

The congrei^ation assembled for worship in their own houses until the 
year 1825, when they erected a log "meeting house" about one mile 
south of the present town of Frankfort, on the southwest corner of sec- 
tion 9, township 52, range 19. Mr. Alfred Wheeler, of Miami, says that 
when this church was built it was not built b}^ contributions of money 
as churches are built now-a-days, but every man in the settlement, pro- 
fessors and non-professors, agreed to and did contribute so much in mate- 
rial and labor — this one so many hewed logs, that one so many rafters or 
boards, the other a day's labor, and so on. When all was ready, the 
men met, raised the house, covered it in, and Rev. Peyton Nowlin dedi- 
cated it to God. When completed it was, by general acclaim called 
Good Hope, the name it now bears. 

Elder Peyton Nowlin became the first pastor in 1820, preaching in the 
houses of the members, "where two or three were gathered together," 
until the church was built. Since then there have served the church in a 
pastoral relation, Thos. Fristoe, Abner Gwinn, Ebenezer Rogers, Wm. 
M. Bell, J. D. Murphy, A. P. Williams, and Wm. M. Bell, the latter 
the present pastor in charge, who has preached to the congregation for 
about 25 years. 

Other clerks besides Mr. Job, have been P. M. Hill, B. Huft, Geo. 
Rhoades, and W. H. Norvell. Deacons in addition to Liggett and 
Gwinn, were Geo. Rhoades, G. W. Lucas, Geo. Hawkins, P. M. Hill, 
Henry Gilliam, and P. H. Huf^'. 

The first candidate for baptism was Patsy Foster, who presented her- 
self in 1820. 

The first delegate sent to the district association was Alex. Liggett, in 
1820. 

The second church building was a frame, built in 1846, on the south- 
east corner of section sixteen, township fifty-two, range nineteen, one mile 
south of where the old log church stood. It cost about $500, and after- 
ward was enlarged.. 

In 1869, another church was built on the same site. It still stands, is a 
frame, 40x60 feet, and Rev. Bell says, cost $3,508; the clerk states, $3,200. 
It was dedicated by Rev. Bell, on the second Sabbath in September, fifty- 
one years after the first organization. 

The present number of members of Good Hope is 188. There is a 
Sabbath-school in connection, with 131 scholars. There is regular preach- 
ing once a month. 



460 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 



CAMBRIDGE TOWNSHIP. * 

This township was first settled by Jacob Ish and others, in 1816, in 
what was called the Big bottom. (See history of the settlement in the 
Big bottom.) Mr. J. B. Ish, now of Miami, son of Jacob Ish, states, in 
corroboration of the facts given in the early general history, and also 
states that the first white child born in the township, and in Saline county^ 
was Mary Ish, daughter of Jacob and Mary Ish, who was born in the 
Big bottom, in April, lSl7. Her mother died in giving her birth, being 
the first white person to die a natural death in the county, Wm. Gregg 
having been murdered by the Indians some years before. Upon the death 
of her mother, and as soon as it was possible to do so, the father of little 
Mary placed her on a pillow, before him, on horseback, and carried her 
on this little bed, through swamps and forests, over hills and mountains, 
across creeks and rivers, hundreds of miles, to kind friends and relatives 
in dear old Tennessee, where she was reared, grew to womanhood, 
married, and died. The entire female population of the Big bottom, came 
to see, and to kiss, and to bless little Mary, ere she was handed up to her 
papa, to be placed in her little bed, preparatory to starting on her long 
and perilous journey. As Mr. Ish rode away and left the settlement, many 
a prayer went up that the Great Father of all would take into his care and 
keeping little Mary and her earthly father, and bring them in safety to 
their destination. And he did. 

Mr. Ish also states that the first physician in the township was Dr. 
Watt, from Edinburgh, Scotland, who came in the year 1817 or 1818, 
and lived in the family of Jacob Ish for about one year. The first min- 
isters were Keeney and Nowlin, in 1817, and religious services were held 
at the residence of Capt. " Billy " Job. The first school taught was by 
Wm. D. Hampton, in the year 1818, in a litde log house, built by the set- 
tlers m the same year. About fifteen or twenty scholars attended this 
school, and paid $1.50 a month each for their tuidon. Mr. Hampton died 
in 1844. 

Mrs. Rachel D. Huft', one of the oldest pioneers now living in the 
county, states that her- father, Wm. D. Hampton, Capt. Wm. Job, and 
Bartlett Gwinn, all from east Tennessee, were the first settlers in her part 
of this township. They came in 1818. Hosea Hampton, Edwin 
Hicks, and the family of Thos. Allen came up the river in a keel-boat, in 
the fall of 1819, landed at Old Chariton, and settled in the Big bottom. 
Hosea Hampton lived in the Big bottom undl 1822, when he removed to 
section 16, township 52, range 19. (See Big bottom history.) 

The first marriage that Mrs. H. remembers, was that of Cicero Brown 
and Betsey Jefireys, in 1819; Rev. Peyton Nowlin performed the cere- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 461 

mony. Mrs. Huff was herself married, in 1831, to her husband, Wm. 
Huff. The first male child born was Wm. Gwinn, son of Ormand and 
Lavinia, in 1819. The death of Lewis Foster, in 1819, was the tirst in 
the settlement. Rev. Nowlin was the first minister, and conducted the 
first reli<j^ious services, at the house of Capt. Billy Job. 

Mrs. Huft still retains a vivid recollection of the "sickl}^ fall," of 1820, 
when every man, woman, and child in the settlement, but one man, was 
sick with chills and fever. They did not know how to treat the disease, 
and had no medicine if they had known. During the winter of 1819-20, 
some families suffered for want of food and clothing, and one family, Mrs. 
Huff says, was almost entirely destitute of clothing during the entire 
winter. 

Judge R. C. Land, who resides two and a half miles west of Cam- 
bridge, says that the first settlers in his neighborhood, of whom he has 
knowledge, were Zura Pulliam, R. Y. Thompson, Thos. Shackelford, the 
Gwinns, and Hufis, Wm. Smith, Col. B. F. Chambers, R. C. Land, and 
others. Thompson and Shackelford were from Kentucky ; the Huffs from 
Tennessee; Smith and Land from Virginia; Chambers from Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The first death, of which the judge can give account, was that of a man 
who died in the fall of 1837, a few miles west of Cambridge, and was 
buried at Old Good Hope. Dr. Ranier, from Virginia, now dead, and 
Dr. John A. Hicks, who died at Marshall, of cholera, in 1849, were the 
first physicians. The first ministers were Kemp Scott and Abner Gwinn, 
both Missionary Baptists, and the first services were held at Old Good 
Hope. The first school was taught in Old Jefferson, by Winston Loving, 
now in Kentucky. The first school house was built in Old Jefferson, by 
the patrons, at a cost of between $25 and $50. 

Capt. R. D. Richardson, of two miles southwest of Cambridge, 
states that the first settlers in that neighborhood were Henry Nave, 
Daniel Thornton, Ephraim McClain, James Wilhite, Jeremiah Odell, 
Wyatt Bingham, Robert Field and John Piper. His other recollections of 
early days refer to Arrow Rock township. To "get grain ground was the 
greatest trouble in early days. Every family had a grater upon which 
corn was grated into meal. This was a tedious mode of getting meal, but 
it was the only one at times. 

During the war some of the citizens of this township suffered severely 
at the hands of the contending parties. John G. Fletcher, a respectable 
citizen, was killed by some Federal militia, said to be some of Capt. Bing- 
ham's company. Mr. Fletcher was engaged in making sorghum and 
went to a neighbor's to get some soft soap with which to lubricate his cane 
mill. The militia met him in the road and shot him dead. 

Here in this township, Capt. Yager, of Blunt's guerrillas, was found by 



462 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the militia near Mr. F. H. Gilliam's. Yager had been desperately wounded 
in the attack on Arrow Rock. The militia tracked two of the guerrillas 
to their retreat, opened fire on them, dispersed them all but Yager, whom 
they riddled with bullets and then broke in his skull wath the butt of a 
musket. Miss Janie Flannery, a refugee from Jackson county under 
*' Order No. 11," whose two brothers, Ike and Silas, were with Quantrell, 
lived in a tenement house belonging to Mr. Gilliam, and fed and cared for 
\ ager, and confessed that she did, in order to save the life of Mr. Gilliam, 
who had been accused of the act and was in imminent peril of his life at 
Marshall. 

Judge Land relates that soon after he came to the country he was called 
upon to perform the marriage service for a couple. The knot was duly 
tied, and immediately thereafter the groom grasped his bride and whirled 
here around and around, yelling all the while, "I've got her! I've got 
her!" In the exuberence of his joy the happy fellow came near knock- 
ing over the judge and one or two of the guests. 

THE TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE. 

This town, eituated on the Missouri, was formerly one of the principal 
shipping points in the county. It was first occupied in 184.5, and regu- 
larlv laid out in 1848. The first man that did business was F. A. Bright- 
well, and he built the first house. He was the first postmaster, the post- 
office being established about the year 1845. The first school teachers 
in the place were G. P. Beswick and a Mr. Harvey. The first regular 
physician in the place was Dr. B. E. Powell, from Kentucky, at present 
in Glasgow. The first minister w^as Rev. Wm. M. Protsman, a Metho- 
dist. The only cemetery that ever belonged to the place was the one 
now in use, one and a half miles from town. The present town officers 
are Dr. J. H. Barnes, Thos. Holmes, D. M. McCormick and E. J. Dun- 
lap. Thos. Holmes is chairman of the council. 

As has been stated, the town of Cambridge was at one time a place of 
considerable importance, but the building of the Chicago & Alton rail- 
road, or rather its location, away from the town, and the building of 
Slater and Gilliam have greatly damaged its prosperity. Houses have 
been moved to Slater, and business men have followed them. 

M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. 

This church was originally at Old Jeflerson, about three miles up the 
river from Cambridge. It was first organized in August, 1837. The 
first members were Robert and Mary Martyr, Winston and Frances Lov- 
ing, Robert C. and America Land, Charlotte B. Land, John A. Hicks, 
Mary A. Wooldridge. The church was built in 1840 or 1841, and dedi- 
cated the same year by Rev. J. R. Bennett. It was a frame, and cost 
$700 or $800. The pastors of this church, until its removal to Cam- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 463 

bridge, were George Bewley, B. R. Johnson, Hugh Dodds, W. P, Nich- 
ols, J. K. Lacy, and W. W. Jones. In 1854 a new house of worship was 
erected at Cambridge, being dedicated in the winter of 1854, by Rev. 
Mr. Mitchell. This also was a frame and cost about :|)2,<)0o. To this 
church the congregation removed and in it thereafter worshipped. The 
pastors have been Wm. Protsman, — Peterson, Wm. S. Brown, Wm. 
Compton, Geo. Savage, — Wharton, — Wallace, Gervis Smith, Luther 
Pulliam, McAllister, Berryman, Garden, A. M. Rader, Dr. Camp, Spen- 
cer Hogan, F. A. Taylor. Present membership, 150. 

ODD FELLOWS LODGE. 

Saline Lodge, No. 25, I. O. O. F., was organized, August 16, 1847, by 
C. H. Green, D. D. G. M. The charter members were D. D. Harbison, 
B. E. Powell, G. H. Grove, W. T. Gilliam, I. Guthrie, W. C. Thrash, M. 
H. McMahan. The first officers were D. D. Harbison, N. G.; B. E. 
Powell, V. G.;' G. H. Grove, secretary; W. T. Gilliam, treasurer; I. 
Guthrie, W.; M. C. Thrash, R. S. and L. S.; M. H. McMahan, L and O. 
G. The present officers are W. F. Maugus, N. G. ; E.J. Dunlap, V. G.; 
D.W. McLoney, R. S.; M. T. Powell, P. S.; P. Buck, treasurer; P. C. 
Porter, W.; J. W. Duggins, C; T. W. Swanney, R. S.; M. Hughs, L. 

S.; J. Howard, R. S. V. G.; J. W. Hughes, L. S. V. G.; J. T. , I. 

G. ; Wm. Cunningham, O. G.; W. P. Bowers, R. S. S.; E. B. Augustus, 
L. S. S.; John S. Gashuiler, chaplain. There are at present 30 members. 
The lodge meets in a frame building, erected in 1850, by D. Ford, at a 
cost of i}>l,400. This is claimed to be the oldest Odd Fellows' Lodge in 
this section of the state. cL/^'^fP 

THE TOWN OF STATER. 

The town of Slater is situated on the line of the Chicago & Alton rail- 
way, twelve miles distant from Marshall, and twelve miles distant from 
Glasgow, and the railroad bridge over the Missouri river at that point. It 
was first laid off in 1878, and has now, in less than three years, a rapidly 
increasing population of eighteen hundred. But three years ago it was a 
corn-field, and now it is i/ie railroad town of the C. & A. road, west of 
the Mississippi river. It is emphatically and essentially a railroad town, — 
backed up by a magnificent body of farming lands around it. The railroad 
interests, however, are the chief interests — and the C. & A. company 
seem to have concentrated and are still concentrating all their favors and 
working interests, west of the Mississippi river, here. Slater is one of the 
general divisions of the road, and the company have built here a splendid 
round-house and turn-table, large repair shops and handsome offices for 
train dispatcher and for division superintendent. The round-house is a 
large and costly building, with capacity to accommodate twenty locomo- 
tives. There are about ten miles of side-tracking at Slater. The com- 



464 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

pany already pay out to their employes, regularly employed in and around 
Slater, from fifteen to twenty thousand dollars, which is, of itself, sufficient 
to insure a good sized town. ^ 

But besides all the great advantages growing out of favorable relations 
with the railroad company. Slater holds an admirable natural position, in 
the very heart of one of the finest and most productive sections of Saline 
county. Marshall, her strongest competitor on the line of the railroad, 
is twelve miles away, and the competing river points are not nearer than 
ten to twelve miles. 

The land upon which the town is built belonged to Josiah Baker, Jr., 
and to his sagacit}^, enterprise and spirit it owes its existence. He donated 
to the railway company 80 acres of the 160 upon which Slater is located 
for its necessary uses — round-house, depots, offices, side-tracks, work 
shops, etc., and each alternate block of the railroad front of the town — and 
by these means, and his continued enterprise and energy, has produced 
the splendid results exhibited. 

Besides many tasteful and pleasant residences — most of them yet of 
wood — Slater has three churches, an extensive flouring mill and elevator, 
a fine three-story brick hotel, finely furnished, one brick banking house 
and bank, ten brick stores, two newspapers, one brick livery stable, and 
numerous frame business houses. As is usual in all new railroad towns, 
the population of Slater is a mixed one. Business men are there from 
every part of the Union; but its business men are live, energetic and 
enterprising, and the little city has before it a brilliant future. 

THE TOWN OF SLATER. 

The town was named in honor of Col. Slater, of Chicago, a prominent 
director of the Chicago and Alton road. The first settlers in the place 
besides Mr. Baker, were Mahlon Hatfield, Hiram Liggett, T. B. Morris, 
J. Nauerth, Zahl Bros., Jas. Swink, W. P. Casebolt. Probably there 
were others. The first business establishment was the lumber yard of 
Ancell & Baker, in September, 187S, and the first business houses com- 
pleted were those of W. P. Casebolt and Josiah Baker, Jr., in October 
following, the latter building being occupied by Jones Bros., druggists. 

The first marriage was that of L. L. Alverson and Miss Sue Darnell, 
by J. W. Winning, a justice of the peace. The first death was that of 
a ten-year old son of Mrs. John Cutz. 

The first regular physician was Dr. M. T. Fulcher (or Fulker) from 
Schuyler county, this State, late of Howard county, and now a resident 
of Brookfield. The first minister was Rev. Henry Eubank, of the 
Christian Church, and the first services were held in the house of worship 
belonging to that denomination. C. Q. Shouse was the next (perhaps the 
first). The first school house in the place was the old district school 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 465 

house, near the railroad in the southwestern part of town. Z. T. Bowen, 
now an attorney in the town, was the first teacher. He had about thirty 
scholars, and received fifty dollars per month. The Christian Church was 
next used for a school building. An election has been called to vote 
$8,000 to erect a new and suitable building. 

When the town was first laid out lumber was hauled from Arrow Rock, 
fifteen miles away, and from Cambridge, eight miles. There was a great 
scarcity of water. A good spring not far from town supplied many 
families and Mr. Baker furnished considerable. 

The first newspaper in the place was the Slater Sentinel., which was 
established about the 1st of August, 1879, by Jas. W. Eastin, formerly of 
Glasgow, and son of one of the oldest editors in the State. The paper 
was democratic in its proclivities and placed at the head of its editorial 
columns a proposed presidential ticket for the next year as follows: "For 
President, W. W. Eaton, of Connecticut; for Vice President, Geo. G. 
Vest, of Missouri." The Sentinel did not long exist. The next paper 
was the Monitor., removed by Mr. Miller, its proprietor, from Marshall, 
and established at the latter place as a greenback temperance organ. 
The next was the Index., removed from Miami. 

CHURCHES IN SLATER. 
BAPTIST CHURCH. 

This church was formerly called Rehoboth Church, and the house of 
worship was located half a mile north of town, but on the building of the 
town the old structure was taken down and the material worked into the 
new church at Slater. Rehoboth Church was organized September 1, 
1850. The original members were Daniel Hickerson, W. W. Field, W. 
E. Thomson, R. Y. Thompson, R. Johnson, Willis Holloway, B. Hamp- 
ton, I. N. Graves, Claiborne Hill, Maria Hickerson, Francis Hickerson, 
Francis Hampton, Lucy T. Thompson, Anna L. Hampton, Lucy A. 
Thompson, Lucy A. Field, Martha Johnson, Rachel Hufi. The old 
Rehoboth church was built in 1850; the new (Baptist Church of Slater) 
in 1880. The old church building cost $2,000. Noah Flood dedicated it 
on the fifth Sabbath of July, 1853; Rev. W. Pope Yeaman dedicated the 
new one August 29, 1880. Rev. Thos. Fristoe was called as first preacher 
of the old organization, November 1, 1851. Jos. S. Conners was first pastor 
of the new. The present membership is about one hundred. During the 
war an association was being held at Rehoboth. The militia arrested all 
of the ministers present and put them under bonds. 

CHRISTIAN CHURCH. (Old Mt. Zion). 

This church was originally organized one-half mile north or northeast 
of the town. The first members were: T. V. Gwinn, Joseph Ootts, Wil- 
30 



466 HISTORY OF SALIIVE COUNTY. 

liam Ewalt, C. H. White, R. P. Gwinn, Josiah Baker, T.J. Allen, L. P. 
Allen and H. G. Allen, Mary Bowen, Martha Thompson, C. H. Hick- 
man, and about thirty others. The organization was effected in 1866. A 
church building was erected in 1867. It was a frame building and cost 
$2,000. In 1ST9 it was removed to the new town. It is not yet dedicated. 
Its pastors have been O. Spencer, Stephen Bush, Samuel McDaniel, M. 
M. Davis, R. A. Davis, C. Q. Shouse, and R. H. Hudson. The present 
membership is about 150. This church was originally called Mt. Zion,but 
is now called the Christian Church of Slater. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH. 

This church was organized in the summer of 1879. Andrew and 
James Bridges, A. Kirby, W. H. Dyer, H. C. Mead, A. F. Mead, M. T. 
Fulcher, A. F. Rector, "john A. Rich, J. W. Gibbs, T. O. Mead, A. F. 
Frayley, and about thirty others. The church building was erected the 
same year. It was a frame and cost $1,600. A dedicatory sermon was 
preached in August, 1879, but a mistake having occurred whereby the 
church was found to still have an indebtedness upon it, another sermon 
was preached after the debt was extinguished, in September, 1880, by 
Rev. D. R. McAnally. Names of pastors— J. A. Murphy, F. H. Briggs 
and L. H. Vandiver. Number of members at present, about one hun- 
dred. The informant states: "When the enterprise of building a south- 
ern Methodist Church in this county was begun there were very few of 
that denomination living here, and therefore the undertaking proved a 
great one; but owing to the indefatigable energy of about six men the 
money was all raised m less than two years, and the property of the church 
is worth about $2,000, and is entirely free from encumbrance. There is 
every prospect for success. The Sunday-school under the superintend- 
ency of C. W. Mead, numbers about one hundred members, mostly chil- 
dren." 

CIVIC SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC. 

Cambridge Lodge, No. 53, A. F. and A. M., was organized at Cam- 
bridge, in 1866. The charter members were: J. W. Petty, W. Wharton, 
J. H. Barnes, S. H. Donahoe, W. D. Odendahl, L. M. Alexander, Wm. 
Burford. The first officers were: W. Wharton, L. M. Alexander, and 
J. W. Petty. The present officers are: R. L. Harvey, W. M.; E. W. 
Smith, S.W.; J. W. Gibbs, J. W.; Z. T. Bowen, secretary; Richard 
Fristoe, treasurer; Wm. Reid, S. D.; J. Jones, J. D.; George Nauerth, 
Tyler. The number of members is twenty-eight. There is no hall 
belonging to the lodge. Under a special dispensation from Joseph Brown, 
G. M. of the state, dated February 18, 1880, the lodge was removed from 
Cambridge to Slater. The lodge is now in a very prosperous condition, 
and there is a bright prospect for good work in the future. 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 4(37 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Samaritan Lodf^e, No. 39(», I. O. O. F., was organized November 2U, 
1ST9, by A. A. Wheeler, D. D. G. M. The charter members were: E. 
Ancell, M. Hatfield, A. Durnill, J. Nauerth, and J. A. Stern. The first 
officers were: J. A. Stern, N. G.; M. Hatfield, V. G.; J. Nauerth, secre- 
tary; E. Ancell. The present officers are: E. Ancell, N. G.; N. H. 
Gaines, V.G.; M.Haas, recording secretary; J. W. Gibbs, permanent 
secretary; J. Nauerth, treasurer. Present number of members, at this 
time, twenty-nine. The lodge meets in a hall, in a brick building, built in 
August, 1879, by W. P. Casebolt, at a cost of $3,000. 

ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 

Slater Lodge, A. O. U. W., was organized in 1879, by Rev. John. A. 
Brooks. The charter members were: Henry Eubank, H. C. Mead, 
Jacob Nauerth, John Martin, Wm. P. Casebolt, Geo. Young,* Dr. F. A. 
Howard, E. C. Bernard, and J. W. Gibbs. The first officers were the 
charter members mentioned. The present officers are: E. C. Bernard, 
Thos. C. Graves, R. A. Irvin, W. H. Norvell, T. F. Haynes, F. M; 
Brown, Geo. J. Deyer, E. D. Jones. The respective offices belonging to 
the first and last officers have not been furnished. There are twenty- 
three members at this time. The lodge meets in a room in the build- 
ing belonging to W. P. Casebolt, described in the sketch of the Odd Fel- 
lows' lodge. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 



In this township were made the first settlements in the county. For 
here was the site of Cox's bottom and a portion of the Big bottom. The 
land on which old Jesse Cox built his cabin has long since been washed 
into the Missouri river. For full account of the early settlement of Cla}' 
the reader is referred to the history of the settlement of Cox's bottom and 
the Big bottom. 

Here the first cabin was built, the first orchard planted, the first corn 
planted, the first mill established — old Christopher Catron's "hand mill" — 
etc., etc. 

In this township there now lives the venerable Ephraim McClam, son 
of a Baptist minister w^ho organized the first Protestant church west of 
St. Louis. Mr. Ephraim McClain came to Saline county in 1827. He 
was a soldier in the Black Hawk war, and an old pioneer who is entitled 
to reverence and respect. He resides with his son-in-law in Saline City. 
May his days yet be long in the land he has done so much to improve 
and protect. 



468 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Clay township underwent its full share in the horrors of the civil war. 
Federal militia and Confederate bushwhackers passed through and 
through, and left evidences of their presence every time they passed. 
Three or four small "brushes" took place during the war between the 
mihtia and the guerrillas, but both sides seemed to delight more in harass- 
ing and annoying inoffensive citizens than in fighting each other, and 
always avoided encounters when possible. Two young ladies named 
Jackson were arrested by Col. Lazear, of the Missouri militia, and taken 
to Marshall, for feeding bushwhackers, as was claimed, and Marshall 
Piper, who was shot at Arrow Rock, by the same officer, was a citizen 
of this township. 

But the people of Clay are now almost universally disposed to " let by- 
gones be by-gones," and are disposed to look forward to the future rather 
than back to the past, and so the memories of the black days of the war 
are fast passing away. And this is well. 

SALINE CITY. 

The town of Saline City (postoffice Little Rock,) is situated on a high 
bluff bank of the Missouri river, on the eastern side of Saline county, 
and in the southeast part of Clay township, section 1, township 50, range 
19. The site of the town was cleared off by Mr. Rufus Bigelow, in 
1858, and the town surveyed and laid off by Col. Geo. W. Allen — the 
land belonging to Thos. Jackson and Lewis Eversman. The first 
store, a frame, 20x33, was built by Rufus Bigelow, and is still standing. 
In it Mr. Bigelow sold the first dry goods and groceries. Mr. F. Thorn- 
ton put up and operated the first blacksmith shop. Messrs. Thos. Jack- 
son and Isaac Thornton put up the first warehouse, after the town was 
laid out, there having previously been one a little further up the river. 
The first dwelling house was erected by Burton Lawless, but after the 
town was laid out, it was found to be in a street. It was built of cotton- 
wood logs, and is still standing — one story high, and with two rooms. 
Jackson & Liggett built the third storehouse, fi-ame, and kept a grocery 
store. This building was burned in 1876. Isaac Thornton put up the 
second store house, and had a stock of dry goods, sugar and coffee. 

The first church was built in 1876, a frame building, and wall seat 
about five hundred people. It was built by, and belongs to the Meth- 
odist Church South. Before it was built services were generally held in 
the school house, one-half mile west of town, or at private dwellings. 

The landing at this point is good, and considerable shipping is done per 

river. The town was named Saline City — though the point had been 

known by the Indians, and by them named " Little Arrow Rock." 

When the postofiice was established here it was found that there was 

Iready a postoffice in Missouri named Saline City, hence the Postoffice 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 460 

Department registered the office as " Little Rock, Mo." The town and 
its site were long called " Little Arrow Rock." 

I. o. G. T. 

Saline City Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars, was 
organized, November 3, 1879, by Hutchinson. The charter mem- 
bers were G. W. Herald, J. D. Thompson, Mrs. G. W. Herald, J. C. 
Diggs, J. Kelly, J. W. Petty, Miss H. Brockway, James Sappington, 
E. Fitzgerald, B. F. Miller, Lizzie Kelly, M. D. Diggs, Laura Fair, 
C. Wray, William Thornton, Frank Casey, and Nora and Hester 
Diggs. The first principal officers were J. D. Thompson, W.' C. 
T.; Mrs. G. W. Herald, W. V. T.; J. C. Diggs, W. C; J. W. 
Petty, W. S. The present principal officers are J. D. Thompson, 
W. C. T.; Maggie McClain, W. V.T.; Ed. Case, W. C; Kemp Barnes, 
W. S. The present number of members is 134. The lodge meets in the 
Methodist Church South, a frame building erected in 1868. The lodge is 
in a flourishing condition, and has been in good working order ever since 
its organization. The W.C.T. has held the position from the first. There 
are 53 members of the temple. 

Just below Saline City, there empties into the Missouri, the stream 
called Pierre Fleshe^ named by the French, in the eighteenth century, 
and at the mouth of which there was a camp of trappers, in the long ago, 
where a quantity of furs w^as buried or " cached." The stream itself, 
though small, abounded in beaver, otter and other fur-bearing animals, 
and seems to have been much resorted to by the hunters and trappers of 
long ago. Mr. John Thornton, an old pioneer, stated to Jerrold Letcher, 
that Pierre Fleshe was so called by the Indians ; that it puts into, the Mis- 
souri, where the current, formerly, ran "swift as an arrow," and hence, its 
name, meaning " a switt arrow." Mr. Thornton has been misinformed. 
The word should be spelled Pier Piece (pronounced Peer Fle-sa, the 
accent on the latter syllable of the second word), signifying a large or 
thick rock. The term was probably applied, by the French, first to 
Arrow Rock. 

OREARVILLE 

This place was first called Centerville. Its site was first settled by 
James Smith, of Tennessee, who located on sections 26 and 27; he sold 
to James Shelby, son of ex-Governor Shelby, of Kentucky; he to Ennis 
Combs; he to Abram Russell; he to B. F. and N. C. Orear; they to 
George and Ed. J. Orear, and the tract now belongs to George and F. H. 
Orear. The first marriage of a resident of the place was Miss La Belle 

Orear, to , in the church at Jonesboro. The first children were 

George Hambleton, son of Ben. F. and Ollie B. Orear, and Zella, daugh- 
ter of P. E. and Laura P. Orear. George H. was born in 185.5. The 



470 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

first death was Thomas Orear, son of Ed. J. and Julia E. Orear, in 1862. 
The first practicing physician was Dr. Fielding Combs, from Kentucky, 
who is now in California. The first school was taught one-fourth of a 
mile northeast of the village, by R. H. Jenkins. He had thirty or forty 
scholars, and his compensation was about $40 per month. The first 
school house was built at the same place, on land donated by George 
Orear, in 1865, at a cost of $400. The citizens were taxed to build it. 

When the place was first settled there were no roads opened, but there 
were but few fences. The nearest trading points were Arrow Rock, 
twelve miles; Glasgow, twelve miles; Cambridge, nine miles; Marshall, 
ten miles. 

MASONIC LODGE. 

Tranquillity Lodge, No. 275, A. F. and A. M., was organized January 
25, 1868, by J. W, Petty, D. D. G. M. The charter members were B. J. 
Orear, Robert Willis; Joseph Gerrell, John Dawes, Geo. M. Jameson, 
F. A. Combs, Wm. R. McLain, M. C. McCarty, A. Jackson and Henry 
NefF. The first officers were B. J. Orear, R. W. Willis, Joseph Gerrell, 
A. Jackson, F. A. Combs, W. R. McLain, E. C. McCarty.* The pres- 
ent officers are: B.J. Orear, M.; C. A. Carthrae, S. W.; Henry Sheark, 
J. W.; A. J. Allison, Treasurer; J. R. Marshall, Secretary; A. Jackson, 
S. D.; John Hayes, J. D.; S. S. Dick, Tiler, The lodge meets in a fi-ame 
hall built in 1874, by E. Ancell, at a cost of $600. Present number of 
members, twenty-five. 

COUNTRY CHURCHES. 
FISH CREEK CHURCH. 

According to Rev. W. M. Bell, of Miami, and others, the Baptist (Mis- 
sionary) Church, called Fish Creek, was organized at the residence of 
James Crosslin, in the 3'ear ''of 1841 or 1842, with the following mem- 
bers: W. L. Ish, James and John Crosslin, Joseph and Susan Thrailkill, 
Elias and Nancy Wilhite, Elizabeth Doak, James Hays, Meredith Cross- 
lin, John Nef^', John Netherton, McBride Hays, and perhaps others. The 
first candidates for baptism were Weston Woolard and Mary Ish. The 
congregation met first at what was called the "Denny House." In 1848, 
a frame church, costing about $500, was built. It had a seating capacity 
of about 200. Its location was on the site of the present church, which is 
a large fi-ame, and was built in Septeril^er, 1869, at a cost of about $2,000. 
The land was donated by John Crosslin. Rev. Bell dedicated the pres- 
ent house. The pastors of this church have been David Anderson, 
Abner Gwinn, Thos. Fristoe, Amos Home, Weston Wallard, J. D. Mur- 
phy, W. R. McClain, Wm. M. Bell, J. L. Tichnor, J. B. Dodson, B. E. 
Harl. The present membership is about 125. A large sink-hole, nearly 

=* Names of office not furnished. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 471 

in front of the church, has been used as a baptismal font, but the congre- 
gation usually assemble at the creek near by, when the ordinance of bap- 
tism is to be performed. 

UNION CHURCH — PRESBYTERIAN. 

This church was located on section 3, tow^nship 50, range 19. It was 
used by the Old School and the Cumberland Presbyterians, and takes its 
name from that circumstance. The Old School congregation was organ- 
ized about the year 1837, by Rev. Dr. J. L. Yantis. The orignal mem- 
bers were Col. Benj. Chambers, the first county clerk, and his family, 
Mrs. Doak, Mrs. Wilson, and others. The Cumberland congregation 
was organized about the year 1843. The first members were Rob't 
Dysart and wife, Ephraim McClain and wife, James Wilhite and his wife 
and daughter, Carroll W, Ish and wife, Jacob Ish, Parthena Ish, and 
Thos. A. Ish. The church building was erected in 1844, and dedicated in 

July of that year by Rev. Coulter and P. G. Rea. It was a frame, 

and cost about $1,600. During the civil war it was burned by a negro, it 
is said, who had stolen the chairs belonging to the church and took that 
diabolical means of concealing his crime. It is claimed that this was the 
first frame church ever built in Saline county. The membership of this 
church has become largely divided between Mt. Horeband Arrow Rock. 
The first elders of the Old School congregation were Col. Chambers, Dr. 
Venable, and Capt. Harberson; of the Cumberland, Jacob Ish, Robert 
Dysart, and James Wilhite. Jacob Ish was the first Cumberland Presby- 
terian that ever came to Saline county. 

It is much to be regretted that no statistics have been received from 
the fine Methodist church near Saline Citv. 



ARROW ROCK TOWNSHIP. 

The history of this township would fill a large volume. Its earh- set- 
tlement, its prominence for so long in the history of the county, the num- 
ber of its citizens prominent and leading in state and national affairs, its 
vast resources and natural wealth, added to the substantial development 
made of the'm — all place it amon^the very first townships, not only in 
Saline county, but in the state of Missouri. 

The famed "Arrow Rock," where the first ferry across the Missouri 
west of Old Franklin was established, is in the township. Here, too, 
dwelt some of the most promment men of the state. Two governors of the 
great state of Missouri were from this township — Marmaduke, the farmer- 
statesman, the Cincinnatus of Missouri, the Union-loving old farmer pat- 
riot who died devoted to the old flag under whose folds he had served, 



472 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and Jackson, the high-minded, talented, courageous southern patriot, who 
died a victim to his services in the cause of southern rights. Here, too, 
lived the cabinet-maker's apprentice, the painter-statesman and soldier — 
George C. Bingham, whose pictures hang high in the galleries of art, and 
whose services for his country have been of such great value. Then here 
also lived the old philanthropist. Dr. Sappington, who left a princely sum 
to place the means of education within the reach of the poorest child in 
the county, and who seldom rode out through the country without one of 
his coat pockets filled with blue grass seed, which he scattered far and 
wade, and thus "set" the land with the abundance of that species of grass, 
which grows so luxuriantly in all parts of the county. Here, also, lived 
Wood, and Field, and Smith, and Price, and Hall, and many others who 
have been identified largely with the interests of the county from the first. 

To this township came prominent politicians in the long ago. Col. 
Benton came often, making his stay with his intimate personal friend, 
Gov. Marmaduke, and there receiving his adherents and friends. Then 
Gen. John Miller, John B. Clark, Leonard, Rollins, Price, Doniphan and 
others made their visits and delivered their speeches to the voters of 
Arrow Rock. 

The finest farms in the state are in Arrow Rock township. Some 
there are presenting the appearance of English manors. Residences 
there are in which barons might be proud to dwell. There are here also 
to be found as much refinement, culture, taste, and as great cordial hos- 
pitality, good breeding and gentility, as in any land. 

The first settler in the township, if he could be called a settler, was the 
Indian trader Geo. Sibley, who built his log trading house on the bluff, 
now in the township of Arrow Rock. (See early history). This was 
either in 1807 or 1808. 

Mr. Henry Nave, one of Andrew Jackson's soldiers in the war of 1812, 
prominently mentioned in the history of the settlement of Cox's bottom, 
says the first permanent settlements in this township were upon section 
thirteen, township fifty, range nineteen, b}' Daniel Thornton, from Ten- 
nessee, Jesse Cox, from Illinois, the first settler in the county, and Isaac 
Clark. Mr. Nave remembers that when his party crossed the river in 
coming to the county, the stock was swum across, and the goods and the 
people brought over in canoes. The wagons were brought over by 
placing a canoe under each of the two sides of a wagon. This held 
the canoes together. 

Mr. Nave further states that the first physician was Dr. Sappington; 
the first minister Frederick B. Leach, who preached in the houses of the 
settlers; the first school teacher, the Irishman, Ned Mulholland, who 
taught about fifteen pupils for fifteen dollars a month, and afterward 
" moved oti' to some of the back counties" — went west, "to grow up with 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, 473 

the country," probably. The first school house was built, one or two 
miles west of where Thornton lived, by the patrons. 

Corn-meal was the only kind of breadstuff used for years. Sometimes 
it was brayed in a mortar, sometimes grated, and sometimes ground on a 
" hand mill." At first, deerskin was used for shoes, pants, vest, and over- 
coats, or hunting shirts. What thread and needles were used were 
brought by the settlers from their former homes. The great merchant 
prince, Abram Nave, of Nave, McCord & Co., a son of Henry Nave, 
when a boy wore a buckskin " slip " and a pair of buckskin moccasins. 
And these were all the garments he wore for months at a time. Yet he 
was as well dressed as the most of his companions. Joel Scott, another 
old settler, adds P. B. Brown, Asa Finley, Benjamin and Joseph Huston, 
of Virginia, to the list of pioneers, and states that the first religious ser- 
vices in his neighboorhood were held by Thos. Fristoe, a Baptist, in an 
old log church 250 yards south of Mr. Scott's house, in the woods. The 
first school was taught on the farm of E. F. Scott, by a Mr. Gregory. 
The first school house was built in about 1835, two and a half miles 
northeast of the Scott farm. It was built by the patrons. 

For further history of the settlement of this township, see the history 
of the Sappington neighborhood, and other early settlements. 

The lead mines in this township may in time become fully developed 
and of considerable value. Some mining has been done by the Missouri 
River Valley Mining Company. The first operations w^ere begun in the 
winter of 1873 and 1874, with varied success. In June, 1876, the company 
named took charge. The company has leased 220 acres of land for 
twenty years. The mines are situated on section 19, township 49, range 
19. Large quantities of lead ore have been taken out, but the work in 
the mines has been suspended, on account of their liability to overflow 
from the south of Salt Fork and Blackwater, near the junction of which 
streams the mines are situated. 

The coal mines, of both cannel and bituminous coal, have so long been 
worked, and are so abundant, that their history w^ould be hard to give, 
and their description too lengthy here to state. Probably, however, Dr. 
Sappington opened the first coal bank. 

COUNTRY CHURCHES. 

CONCORD CHURCH (CHRISTIAN). 

The date of organization of this church cannot be definitely ascer- 
tained, but it was in 1845 or 1846. Some of the first members were 
Chas Wood, Daniel Thornton, Philip Thompson, Sam'l Green, Rob't 
Fields, Adam France, Wm. Roper. A frame church building, costing 
$700 or $800, was erected in 1845 or 1846, and dedicated in the latter 
year, by Rev. Thomas Allen. Only the names of two pastors have been 



474 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

learned, Lewis Elgin and x\llen Wright. The number of members at 
present is about one hundred. The phurch building was erected partly 
by subscription and partly by work and labor furnished by the different 
members. It was at this church where, during the war, the Federal militia 
came upon a portion of Col. Jackson's " partisan rangers," and wounded 
and captured Lieut. Durrett, afterward taken to Arrow Rock and shot. 

WALNUT GROVE CHURCH — METHODIST. 

Walnut Grove Church, M. E., South, was constituted in 1877, but not 
recognized in the Conference, until in September, 1880. The original 
members were J. H., Edmonia B., Mary E., Edmonia E., and Newton H. 
Jamison; Rector James and wife; Martha E. and Delia McMahan; B. E. 
Lawless, John Smith and wife, Isaac Nave, Jr., and Mary E. Brown. A 
frame church building was erected in 1877, by the Grangers, Methodists, 
Baptists, and Presbyterians, and in this building Walnut Grove Church 
meets. The pastors have been J. F. Hogan, W. R. Bennett, W. B. Pal- 
mer, E. G. Frazier, L. H. Vandoren. The present number of members 
is only 18. 

THE TOWN OF ARROW ROCK. 

This town, one of the oldest in the county and country, is situated on 
the right bank of the Missouri river, on a high and commanding plateau over- 
looking a magnificent forest valley on the opposite or Howard county side, 
that stretches away for miles. It is situated in a rich farming, horticul- 
tural and stock country, which contains also unlimited natural resources. 
• The place was formerly called " the Arrow Rock." As such it was 
know' by the early French voyageurs, and the trappers and hunters. This 
name was given to the large rock or cliff at the town. Upon the forma- 
tion of the town it was christened after the rock. 

There are divers versions of the origin of the name. One is that the 
rock or bluff was much frequented by the Indians hundreds of years ago, 
who here obtained the material (flint) out of which they manufactured 
their arrow-heads and lance-heads. Every year, it is said, the Indians 
came for many miles to "the arrow rock" to obtain flint. Another ver- 
sion is that ages ago the Indians on this side of the river repelled an 
attempt to cross on the part of a hostile tribe on the other side. The river 
being narrow at this point it was selected by the would-be invaders as the 
best crossing place. The Indians on the Saline county side took position 
on the high bluff bank and defied their adversaries, who, from their strong 
bows, let fly clouds of flint-pointed arrows at them. Many of these arrows, 
it is said, came a little short of their intended destination and fell at the foot 
of the bluff. Afterwards the site was found to abound in these arrow- 
heads, which all pointed one way as they lay upon the earth, and the first 
whites that landed at the bluff gave it the name it now bears. There is a 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 475 

tradition, old and musty, and not abundantly supported by good evidence, 
that there was such a battle here fought as has been described. 

Another version of the origin of the name is that given by Mr. Now- 
lin, an old citizen. The Indians, in the long ago, were in the habit of 
crossing the river at this point, in the' summer, from their encampments 
in the bottom, on the ojpposite side, where the heat, at that season, was 
uncommonly intense and severe. This side of the river gained, they 
would repair to the high bluffs, to cool off. One particularly rocky point 
was a favorite resort, for there a cooling breeze almost constantly swept 
and fanned the swarthy brows of the perspiring savages. This point was 
called the " Windy Rock," or the '■'■Airy Rock," and the latter designation 
became the more common. When Mr. Ferrell established his ferry he 
called it the "yl/Vy Rock Ferry." In time this name became corrupted or 
changed to Arrozv Rock, and was thus known ever after. It is said that 
the Tennesseeans pronounced the word arrow as if it was spelled arry, or 
airy, and when they heard the place called Airy Rock, understood it to 
mean Arrow Rock. 

Mr. J. T. Pattison states that the first ferrying was done here by Mr. 
Becknel, in 1811. The crossing was made by having two canoes fast- 
ened together and a platform on top. Mr. Be'^knel afterward repre- 
sented Saline county in the Missouri legislature. On the 23d of May, 
1829, a meeting was held at the Arrow Rock ferry, for the purpose of 
receiving propositions, made by different parties, wishing to donate land 
for the town site; and Joseph Huston, Peyton N. Nowlin, Rudolph 
Hawpe, Joseph Patterson, and Benjamin Huston were appointed commis- 
sioners to select a town site, and receive deed to the same. They made 
choice of the present location, which was deeded to them on the 10th day 
of June, 1829, by Burton Lawless and Nancy, his wife, and b}' John 
Bingham and Mary, his wife, and containing fifty acres. Also, the free 
use and benefit of all the springs and water that may be on any of the 
lands of said Lawless, near and adjoining the said town tract of land, for 
the benefit of the citizens of said town in general. M. M. Marmaduke 
(afterward governor of the state) w^as county surveyor, and was employed 
by said commissioners to lay out the fifty acres into town lots. The first 
dwelling house built on the fifty acres donated for the town site, was built 
by Joseph Patterson, in the fall of 1829. The same timbers are yet in the 
house, which has been remodeled, and is now occupied. ' 

For some time the place was called New Philadelphia, but gradually 
its present designation came to be universally used. 

In 1839, the county seat was removed to Arrow Rock. (See general 
history.) Thereafter it gradually increased in importance, and in time 
became the most important town in the county. It was a great shipping 



476 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

point, and in the palmy days of Missouri river steamboating, became a 
port and a mart of considerable repute. 

In 1859, a branch of the Bank of Missouri was established at Arrow 
Rock. The first officers were W. B. Sappington, President, and W. L. 
Boyer, Cashier. After the breaking out of the civil war. Gen. Fremont 
ordered the money of this bank to be removed to the vaults of the parent 
bank, at St. Louis. The officers refused to obey orders, but took the 
specie in the bank to a certain hole in the ground, where it was buried 
and remained for a year or so, under the sod and the daisies, where moths 
did not corrupt, nor bushwhackers and miHtiamen break through and steal. 
It was at last resurrected and taken to the State Bank, at St. Louis, where 
it remained in safety until the close of the war. (The old State Bank of 
Missouri, at St. Louis, in 1878, suspended, causing a loss to the citizens of 
this county of about $100,000.) 

Arrow Rock had a newspaper in 1860-61, the Saline County Herald^ 
removed to that place from Marshall. In May, 1861, the editors and pro- 
prietors. Col. G. W. Allen and his son James, having enlisted in Gov. 
Jackson's Missouri State Guard, the paper was suspended. The press 
and material were boxed up and stored in a house which was burned by 
Blunt's guerrillas in their attack on Arrow Rock, in 1864. 

Early in 1861, after the firing on Fort Sumter, certain citizens of Arrow 
Rock and vicinity fired on some steamboats that were ascending the river, 
and supposed to contain Federal arms and munitions of war. 

The majority of the people of Arrow Rock were strong southern sym- 
pathizers during the war, and were often charged by the Federals with 
"giving aid and comfort to the enemy." Accounts of certain military 
operations in the place are given elsewhere. 

Since the war and "reconstruction," the town has gradually and com- 
pletely recovered from the prostration into which it then fell, and has 
made very much of improvement and advance, keeping step with the 
universal advancement of the entire county. 

CHURCHES. 

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Arrow Rock, (now called M. E. 
South), was organized about the year 1831. Some of the first members 
were Wm. Brov.-n and wife. Miss Nancy Fretwell, Mrs. Mary Bingham, 
Rudolph Hawpe and wife, Joseph Patterson and wife, Benj. Huston and 
wife, Jesse and Margaret Reid. A frame church was built in the year 
1849, at a cost of $2,000. It was dedicated in 1850 by Rev. James Mitch- 
ell. Names of pastors — Jesse Greene, — Jameson, — Dodds, B. F. Johnson, 
W. R. Bevvly, and others. Present membership, one hundred. Since the 
organization of this church the great division between the Northern and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 477 

Southern Methodists has occurred. Information concerning this church 
has been derived from Mrs. Margaret Reid, its oldest living member, and 
a worthy Christian lady. • 

CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN. 

This church was organized December 12, 1863. The original mem- 
bers were J. E. Ancell, Elisha Ancell, Sam'l Oldham, J. H. Sutherlin, 
Samuel Stewart, Margaret W. Wallace, Lucinda Ancell, Susan West, 
Catharine S. F. Steel, Catharine Wallace, Sarah J. Brownlee, Laura E. 
Neill, Mary L. Stewart, Elizabeth Turley. A frame house of worship 
was built in the year 1857, at a cost of $2,250. It was dedicated the same 
year by Rev. E. D. Pearson. The pastors have been P. G. Rea, R. S. 
Read, W. D. Mahon, M. B. Irvin, J. E. F. Robertson. Present member- 
ship, 51. 

No reports have been received from the Christian and Baptist church 
organizations. 

CIVIC SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC. 

Arrow Rock Lodge No. 55, A. F. and A. M., was organized October 
17, 1842, by A. T. Douglas, G. V. The charter members were P. W- 
Nowlin, E. C. McCarty, John Piper, Joseph Huston, Rudolph Hawpe, 
Benj. Huston, Wm. Roper, Thos. McMahan. The first officers were 
Rudolph Hawpe, W. M.; Benj. Huston, S. W.; Wm. Roper, J. W.; Jos. 
Huston, treasurer; W. S. Long, secretary; John Piper, S. D.; Bernis 
Brown, J. D; Henry Nave, tiler. The present officers are C. M. Suth- 
erlin, W. M.; P. T. Reynolds, S. W.; A. Nefi; J. W.; H. S. Wilhelm, trea- 
surer; G. H. Bowen, secretary; J. C. Thompson, S. D.; G. W. Herrold, 
J. D.; S. C. McClain, tiler. B. F. Thompson and H. T. Montgomery, 
stewards. Present number of members, 42. The lodge meets in a brick 
hall, built by the lodge in 1868, at a cost of $4,000. This was the first 
Masonic lodge organized in Saline county. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Friendship Lodge, No. 40, I. O. O. F., was organized August 23, 1849, 
by the Grand Lodge of the state. The charter members were Abner 
Trigg, J. A. J. Aderton, H. V. Bingham, James E. Ancell, B. H. Hawpe, 
and Thos. M. Davis. The first officers were Abner Trigg, N. G,; J. A. 
J. Aderton, V. G.; B. H. Hawpe, Secretary; H. V. Bingham, Treasurer. 
The present officers are Hugh Cragg, N. G.; E. T. Alexander, V. G.; 
P. H. Goetz, P. Secretary; W. M. Tyler, Recording Secretary; W. M. 
Putch, Treasurer. The number of members at this time is twenty-five. 
The hall is a two-story brick, built in May, 1868, by Ancell & Fitzgerald, 
at a cost of $3,000. There have been several other lodges started from 



478 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

this one since its organization, which in part accounts for the small number 
of members at present on the roll. 

• GOOD TEMPLARS. 

Arrow Rock Lodge, No. 489, I. O. G. T., was organized January 21 
1881. The charter members were J. P. Wagner, Miss Ida I. Bradford 
R. N. Reynolds, M. P. Holmes, Capt. C. M. Sutherlin, J. P. Cochran 
J. G. Reynolds, J. M. Green, Frank West, Lee Wagner, and A. M. Hall 
The first officers are the present ones, viz.: J. M. Green, L. D.; Dr. J 
P. Wagner, W. C. T.; Ida I. Bradford, W. V. T.; J. B. Cochrane, W 
Chaplain; R. M. Reynolds, W. S. C; M. Sutherlin, W. F. S.; M. P 
Holmes, W. Treasurer; J. G. Reynolds, W. M.; E. Randolph, W. D. M. 
Lee Wagner, I. G.; Frank West, O. G.; Mrs. J. P. Wagner, R. H. S. 
Miss Nena McMahan, L. H. S.; A. M. Hall, P. W. C. T. There are 
thirty-eight members. The lodge meets in a brick hall. 

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

Worthy Grange No. 99, P. of H., was organized March 26, 1873, by 
J. R. Cordeel. The charter members were W. M. Price, T. W. Russell, 
Dr. A. Neft; N. H. Huston, J. R. Dickson, J. L. Smith, Jas. Thornton, 
John Nefi; W. S. Jackson, Mrs. T. W. Russell, Mrs. W. S. Jackson, Miss 
Kate Dickson, W. H. Huston, Jas. West, L. R. Reynolds, J. Bingham, 
S. F. Crockett. The first oflicers were W. M. Price, Master; T. W. 
Russell, Overseer; A. Netl', Lecturer; N. H. Huston, Steward; J. R. 
Dickson, Asst. Steward; J. L. Smith, Chaplain; Jas. Thornton, Treas.; 
W. S. Jackson, Secy.; Jno. Neft', Gatekeeper; Mrs. T. W. Russell, Ceres; 
Mrs. W. S. Jackson, Flora; Miss Kate Dickson, Pomona; Mrs. A. E. 
Price, Lady Asst. Steward. The present officers are N. H. Huston, 
Master; J. L. Howell, Overseer; R. E. Richart, Lecturer; J. Diggs, 
Chaplain; W. R. James, Steward; J. N. Jameson, Asst. Steward; W. 
Davis, Treas.; J. R. Dickson, Secy.; R. T. Huston, Gatekeeper; Mrs. 
Louise Neft; Ceres; Mrs. M. Edwards, Flora; Mrs. M. E. Price, 
Pomona; Miss Delia McMahan, Lady Asst. Steward. The grange 
meets in a hall built in 1876 by themselves principally. It is a frame, and 
cost about $1,000. The secretary writes that this was the first grange 
organized in Saline county. Worthy Master Price was chosen chairman 
of the executive committee of the Missouri State Grange at its first 
meeting, held at Knob Noster, Mo., and was appointed grain agent for 
the state, which position he still holds. 

JONESBORO. 

This town, once the capital and the metropolis of Saline county, and 
known far and wide, has become, by the mutations of time and the pro- 
gress of events, so reduced in size and population as to now be but a 
wreck of its former greatness. Although its population, in its most flour- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 479 

ishing days, was but a few hundred, it was still a place of considerable 
importance. In addition to its being the seat of justice of the county, 
where all public business was transacted, it was a favorite outfitting depot 
and starting point for many traders, explorers and adventurers, who trav- 
eled to and from Santa Fe, in early days, and who preferred this place to 
Independence, in Jackson county, as a port from which to set sail for their 
long voyages over the prairie seas. 

Jonesboro was also visited by the early settlers from Grand Pass, and 
from other parts of this county, and by the people of Cooper and Pettis, 
who came here for the few supplies they were compelled to buy. 

The room in which court was held, when the place was the county seat, 
was the upper story of a double log building, which was situated on a 
kind of elevation or second bank of the creek (Salt Fork). The lower 
story was divided into two rooms, in one of which a grocery was kept, 
and in the other, a livery stable. To this latter room, juries retired for 
deliberation, after the horses had been led out. But in that very unpre- 
tentious court room were gathered, from time to time, some of the best 
and brainiest men in Missouri. Judge Todd, Abiel Leonard, Hamilton R. 
Gamble, Gen. Duff Green, John E. Ryland and other able lawvers and 
good men, were members of this court. The hotel, at which the lawyers 
and court attendants stopped, was a simple structure, plain as to adorn- 
ment, circumscribed as to accommodation, substantial as to fare, rea- 
sonable as to rates. There was plenty of food always to be had, and the 
establishment was rarely without a very fair article of Kentucky whisky, 
unadulterated, uncontaminated and untaxed. 

But with the departure of the county seat to Arrow Rock departed the 
glory of Jonesboro. Its stores and Galbraith's mill drew people thither for 
a time, but as time passed other stores were established and other mills 
were built, and the place dwindled and shrank away until its size was 
insignificant, its streets were vacated, "nettles and brambles grew in the 
fortresses thereof," and the old court house became a habitation for bats 
and a court for owls. 

Here, too, was the great mustering ground of the Saline county militia 
in the days when the yeomanry of the land were required to assemble on 
stated occasions and at designated places to drill, and " in time of peace pre- 
pare for war." From these musters and by reason of the requirements of the 
rriilitia laws, there sprang a bountiful crop of military titles, and generals, 
colonels, majors, and captains became as plenty as blackberries in their 
season. 

ZOAR CHURCH. 

At Jonesboro is this reverend old church, now nearly sixty years old. 
It was organized by the Baptists in the year 1827, with nine members, 
whose names it is now impossible to obtain. The first church was built 



480 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in 1831. It was composed of logs, and was 40x20 feet in size, costing per- 
haps $200. The congregation met in this house ior eighteen years, or 
until 1849, when a new church building was erected at an expense of 
$1,000. Eleven years thereafter another house of worship, the present 
one, was built at a cost of $1,500. The pastors have been Peyton Nowlin, 
Thomas Fristoe, David Anderson, Wm. Bell, Thornton Rucker, Wm. 
Gentry, J. D. Murphy, Thos. Hudson, John C. Hamner, Wm. Cleaveland. 
J. L. Tickenor, C. T. Daniel, J. L. Tickenor. The present membership 
is 120. There has been no cessation of preaching for any length of time, 
since the organization, as far as known at present. During the war, Rev. 
J. D. Murphy was pastor, and services were continuous, the pastor resid- 
ing at Jonesboro. On one occasion the church was surrounded by the 
militia during preaching. The services were closed, and the men inside 
were made to fall in, and were marched off. 



SALT FORK AND BLACKWATER TOWNSHIPS. 

These two townships, lying in the same neighborhood and only sepa- 
rated by the Blackwater river, may have their history written in one chap- 
ter. Their settlements were intimately connected, and their general his- 
tory is nearly the same, and Salt Fork was formed from Blackwater only 
recently. 

. At the November term of the county court, held at Old Jefferson in 
1825, the boundaries of Blackwater were established, it being formed 
from Arrow Rock. It then comprised a large extent of territory, reach- 
ing westward into what is now Salt Pond township, and northward into 
Marshall and Clay. In Blackwater, Renault's men continued their search 
for valuable minerals, begun on Finney's creek. About the year 1819, 
nearly one hundred years thereafter, Chas. Lockhart, who was from 
Cooper county, prospected through this township and the Blackwater 
country generally, continuing the search begun by the Frenchmen. 

At Jonesboro, in Salt Fork township, in 1824, Alex. Galbraith had a 
water-mill on the Salt Fork, the first of the kind in Saline county. Gal- 
braith was the first settler in that section, and built the first house, but 
when he came is not certainly known. The settlers from all the adjacent 
country helped him in his enterprise. Henry Nave, who then lived in the 
Big bottom, says that he gave him a week's work, and " we all assisted 
him what we could." Mrs. Adkinson, then a young wife of seventeen, 
says the other settlers in the "Jonesboro country" at that time were 
Walker Adkinson (her husband), Jas. Robinson, Samuel Davis, Richard 
Scott, who " lived up the creek," Henry Galbraith, " west of us," and 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 481 

Wyatt Bingham. In two or three years Dr. Geo. Penn came and lived 
on the hill just above Jonesboro. Asa Finley lived near the mouth of 
Blackwater. 

Mrs. Ann Adkinson, the lady referred to, was a daughter of Cornelius 
Davis, and was born in Kentucky in 1807. She moved with her father to 
Missouri in 1810, and settled at New Madrid. The earthquake broke him 
up, and he received a " New Madrid certificate," which he located five 
miles above above Booneville in 1819. In the spring of 1821, he located in 
the Big bottom, opposite the town of Old Chariton. In 1823, she mar- 
ried Mr. Walker Adkinson, a native of Halifax county, Virginia, born in 
17S9, who had removed to Missouri in 1819 with Joseph Robinson. The 
marriage ceremony was performed by Esquire Geo. Tennille. Mr. A. 
died in 1844. In March, 1824, Mr. and Mrs. Adkinson left the Big bottom 
and settled on Salt Fork, near Jonesboro. 

In her neighborhood, Mrs. A. says, the first school house was at Wy- 
att Bingham's, and John Scott taught the first school, in 1829. The first 
house was built by a son-in-law of Alex. Galbraith's, on the Stephen 
Smith place, about 1821. The first church built was Zoar, near Jones- 
boro, about 1825; the next was Smith's Chapel. In that day wild beasts of 
many difierent species infested the countr}-, and panthers were quite plen- 
tiful. Mrs. A. started her children to school one morning, and shortlv 
after she heard the scream of a panther. For some time she was very- 
uneasy, but the children were not harmed. The scream of a panther, 
sa3's Mrs. Adkinson, is very much like that of a person calling in distress. 

Mr. Wm. A. Findley, guardian of his sisters and his brother. Walker H. 
Finley, settled with them December 24, 1S29, near Jonesboro, on section 
22, township 49, range 20, being a tract of land entered by him. " Here," 
Mr. Walker Finley says, "I labored for about ten years. At that time 
the country seemed to be almost a wilderness. There were only small 
neighborhoods and they few and far between. The winter of 1830-1 
w^as the severest ever known in Missouri. Snow fell the last of Novem- 
ber, 1830, and remained on the ground till the first of March. No such 
snow storms have I ever witnessed since, and much of the temperature 
was extremely cold. The snow at that time, on a levels was ixoxnfoiir to 
five feet deep, and drifts on the prairie were from ten to twenty-five feet 
in depth. At that time most of the people lived in moderate-sized 
houses; they were their own architects, and built to suit their means and 
surroundings. The snow was so terrible, and the quantity so large, that 
it would bank up and close their windows — if they had any, and not 
unfrequently reach the 'button-pole' or the eave of the house, and 
mechanical means had to be used to remove the obstruction. The 
decade following 1830 was one of well-regulated seasons. The springs 
and summers were pleasant; the winters were regularly cold and severe, 
with continued snows from the last of November and first of December, 
with but little variation, till the last of February or the first of March, 
when spring would come in with all its verdant glories, and with the 
rays of sunshine to warm the earth and cheer the people of Missouri, 
and especially of Saline county. 
31 



482 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

"In September, 1830, in company with my sister, Phil Houx and David 
Morrow, I went from W_yatt Bingham's to Lexington. By an early start 
we made the trip in a day, then called sixty miles. There were only two 
or three settlements between Jonesboro and Lexington. CorneHus 'Davis 
lived near where Marshall now is. The Hayeses, Owenses, Hunters and 
Gillettes were on Salt Pond creek; Johnson Grove, and Page and Sam- 
uel Walker were on the Tebo. The trail or road was not more than 
eight or ten inches wide. It led through the prairie, on which, in many 
places, the grass was taller than a man on horseback. I returned home 
after an absence of one week, without missing the road. 

" The seasons since that time have been variable ; snows have not 
remained all winter. Wheat has often been sown in January; but the 
spring has often been of the same chal"acter as the winter, to the detri- 
ment of the prosperity of the farmers. 

"At that time, (1830) game was plentiful; deer were abundant. I might 
stand on an elevated piece of prairie, between the mouth of Salt Fork 
and Marshall, and count "on various other elevations, twenty, fort}- and 
sometimes sixty deer, in a herd, quietly feeding. It is probable that these 
animals were more numerous at that day than domestic stock, in this 
county. It was no trouble to kill deer then ; three or four a day was not 
considered very great work. ***** 

"The first marriage I remember, after arriving in Saline county, was 
that of Claiborne F. Jackson and Miss Sappington, February 17, J 831. 
The next was Dr. George Penn and Miss Chambers, daughter of Colonel 
Benjamin Chambers, the first county clerk, and then Judge N. B. Tucker 
to Miss Smith, daughter of Gen. Thos. A. Smith. The mortality of the 
county was certainly veiy slight; there were not many people to die. 
Samuel Brownjohn, an Englishman, died near Jonesboro, in the year 1 830, 
and was buried near where he died, Jonesboro. The business men of 
the county, when I first made my appearance here, were Dr. Sapping- 
ton, Col. M. M. Marmaduke, (afterwards governor). Col. William Lewis, 
Gen. Thos. A. Smith, Wyatt Bingham, Nathan Harris, Asa Finley, Judge 
Huston, Benjamin Huston, Nowlin, Hawpe, the Thorntons, the Naves 
(or Netis ), the Beattys, the Browns, the Harveys, the Davises, the Law- 
lesses, Adkinson, Marshall, and a number of others, who were identified 
with the interests of Saline county. So far as I know, all of these have 
passed away, except Henr}- Nave, Andrew Brownlee and Ephraim 
McClain, all of whom have attained an advanced age. 

"The first birth of a male child that I remember was that of Peter 
Thornton Reynolds. The first female child was a daughter of John 
Thornton. The first school house I noticed was built before I came to 
the county, near Wyatt Bingham's. It was not designed by an architect 
from St. Louis or the east. Five or six men built it in about two days. 
It was a natural school house, as it was built of round logs with the bark 
on, and the teachers were pioneers, unaccustomed to any other kind of 
houses but those built of logs. The first of these at my time were Green 
Finley, Mr. Adams, and afterward Mr. A. Trigg. About twent}' scholars 
was the largest number those teachers had, and they received about 
twenty dollars per month. I was one of the pupils of the first two named. 
The first sermon of which I was an auditor was preached by Rev. Jus- 
tinian Williams, a Methodist, at the house of Wyatt Bingham, who was 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 4S3 

absent at that time. There was circuit preachino^ by ministers of the 
same denomination, Revs. Ben. Johnson, Millice, and others. There was 
no regular preaching by other denominations. There were occasional 
services by the Baptists within the bounds of our community, first by 
R-v. Peyton Nowlin, and afterwards by Rev. AKner Gwinn. 

About that time the Cumberland Presbyterians had preaching by Rev. 
Archibald McCorkle, Rev. L. Burns, J. L. Wear, and Henrv Weedin, at 
the houses of Asa Finley, W. B. Wear, VVm. Burk, and Robt. Wallace, 
with an occasional sermon by Henry and Robt. Renick, Robt. Sloan, and 
Wm. Kavanaugh. A Cumberland Presbyterian church was organized 
in 1833, either at the house of Asa Finley or at the old Salt Fork camp- 
ground, near Richard Marshall's, with Wm. Burk and Wm. B. Wear as 
ruling elders, and Rev. Daniel Buie in charge as pastor. In the course 
of a very few years a church edifice was built on the south of Blackwater, 
about two miles from the mouth of Salt Fork, being a hewed-log build- 
ing, and considered adequate to the wants and demands of the people at 
that time. This structure remained in a somewhat unfinished condition 
until about 1847, when it was destroyed by fire from one of our then lai-gc 
burnipg prairies. Those prairie fires were greatly dreaded by the people. 
Another church was then built about half a mile east of the line in Cooper 
county, in the year 1848, at a cost of, say $1,200. This church is hon- 
ored and respected by all for the good work it has done in elevating the 
moral tone of society and the promotion of the cause of Christianity in 
our neighborhood. I am proud to say that I have been a member of this 
church since 1833. Rev. Robert Crockett is in charge of this church at 
this time, and has been for several years an honored and an honoring 
member." 

The southern, or southeastern portion of Blackwater township, near 
Ridge Prairie, began to be settled about the year 1826. The first settler 
was Stephen Dial, in that year, from South Carolina; he staked his claim 
on section 12, township 48, range 20. Richard Howard came in 1830, 
from Virginia, and settled on section 11, township 48, range 20. Dick 
and Branch Jefi:nes, and James Bruce, remained a while in the neighbor- 
hood, but did not locate. 

The first marriage was that of Jas. Campbell and Lucy Ann Rucker, 
one-half mile west of Ridge Prairie, by Rev. W. B. Wear. 

The first male child born was Watson Dial, in 1826, a son of Stephen 
and Deborah Dial. The first female child is believed to have been Eliza- 
beth Bruce, daughter of James and Jane Bruce. 

The first death was that of "Old Mr. Head," who lived on section 16, 
or 17, township 48, range 20. He was buried on his farm. 

The first regular physician was Geo. W. Rothwell, from Virginia, who 
now lives near Sedalia, Pettis county. 

The first minister was Rev. W. B. Wear, a Cumberland Presbyterian, 
who first held services in his own house. 

The first school was taught near Richard Howard's, in the grove, by 
Rev. Thornton Rucker, now dead. He had about thirtv-five scholars, at 



484 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

one dollar per scholar, per month. Many of them were boarders, and 
lived from four to eight miles away. 

The first school house was built by the neighborhood, in 1839, near 
Richard Howard's. It was composed of logs, and one end was " flared '* 
and converted into a huge fire-place. Its roof was fastened by weight- 
poles, instead of nails. No money was expended in its construction. 

Regarding the first manufacture of cloth in the neighborhood, it is stated 
that Mrs. Deborah Dial, having no loom, and there being no artisan in 
the community sufficiently skilled to make one, she took her warp and 
woof to Harmon Bailey's, in Cooper county, eight miles away, and there 
wove her web. 

The mill used by the settlers was on Muddy creek, in Pettis county, 
sixteen miles away. Supplies were drawn from the river, ten or twelve 
miles oflT. Economy was everywhere inculcated, enjoined, and practiced. 

When Uncle Dick Marshall's daughter was married, her father called 
her to him, after the wedding supper, and said: " Now, Linda, you hear 
— don't let your face be seen in a store for six years! Do you under- 
stand?" 

At Judie G.'s wedding, just over the Cooper county line, the most 
prominent dish was a large pot, brim full of hard-boiled eggs! 

The chimney to Richard Howard's first cabin pulled the smoke in 
instead of sending it out. On windy days the children, which all told 
numbered only sixteen, were sent under the bed to save their eyes from 
the smoke! 

There were not man}^ doctors, and no lawyers, no taxes, and no divorces. 
Nearly all the first settlers, by dint of industry and economy, amassed a 
competency and some of them gained wealth, and their mere word was 
worth as much as their descendants' " bond and security." 

Among the many incidents narrated of Blackwater township history, it is 
said that when Judge W. B. Napton was building his place, "Elk Hill," 
he directed the carpenters to shingle the xooi from the '-'•comb " dozun^ and 
^ grew indignant because they would not obey him! The judge is one of 
the most profound lawyers and able jurists that ever sat on a supreme 
bench, but one of the workmen remarked, " he don't know everything." 

RIDGE PRAIRIE. 

A historical sketch of this place and its neighborhood has been fur- 
nished by Mr. S. W. McCorkle, and is here given. The town is in the 
southern portion of Blackwater township: 

Ridge Prairie gets its name from our first postoffice, which was at 
'Squire Hancock's, and b_v " pony purse," was brought weekly from Arrow 
Rock. The office got its name from the prairie which extended' from the 
Sappington farm, one-half mile west of our village, to the Sam Bridge- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 485 

water farm on the east, being a little over a mile wide, and about three 
miles long. 

Stephen Dial was the first settler on the prairie, about 1830. James 
Bruce began a settlement about the same time, where F. Plumer now 
lives. Two years later Richard Howard settled, one-half mile north of 
the present village. x\bout this time Dr. Sappington, Uncle Dick Mar- 
shall and Ben. Jones settled between Blackwater and the river, in the direc- 
tion of Arrow Rock. 

This almost entire, beautiful prairie, remained unentered for the next 
ten years, owing to the conviction in the minds of the immigrants, that 
there was " not timber enough in the country to fence it." They also 
thought the timbered land much richer. These ideas have been exploded 
long since, and hence every nook of prairie land is eagerly utilized. 

The village sustains two mercantile houses, one drug store, two black- 
smith shops, and several dwelling houses. Our growth has been retarded, 
by several influences: First, our people had the habit of going to the 
river to buy their goods, and hence, were slow to patronize a village, 
home merchant. Second, the merchant failed to buy their produce, hence 
necessitated their going to the river. 

But while the village failed to build up, the surrounding country has 
steadily improved. The last acre of land will soon be enclosed, to pro- 
duce either grain or grass, for private use. Stock and grain raising are 
quite remunerative. Lands remain very low, selling from three dollars 
to thirty dollars per acre, the minimum for unimproved, the maximum 
for highly improved farms, including elegant mansions, barns, «&c. 

Schools. — For many years, owing to the scarcity of people, and their 
great distance from each other, our educational facilities were exceed- 
ingly limited. Our first school was taught by a widow lady, Mrs. Lavina 
Howe, just over in Cooper county, in her dwelling house. This was in 
1834. Our next was taught by Rev. Thornton Rucker, a Baptist min- 
ister of sacred memory, in a small cabin built for the purpose in a grove, 
three-quarters of a mile northeast of our village location. He taught 
two winters — 1838 and 1839. Our next school, the following winter, was 
taught by Rev. Wm. B. Wear, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, also 
of sacred memory, in his own house, who settled and then lived on the 
splendid farm now owned by S. R. Cockrell, and the widow of the late 
R. V. Harvey. The next two winters, by way of accommodation, the 
school went back into the edge of Cooper county, and was taught by 
another minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Rev. A. 
McCorkle. Next winter, by compromise, it was taught in a deserted 
cabin, on the farm now owned by L. M. Nelson, midwa}' between the 
extremes of the settlement. Thus our school was portable until the year 
1846, when a log cabin, of diminutive dimensions and humble pretensions, 
was reared near the site of our rather commodious house, which sup- 
planted it in 18.57 or '58. This last is located in West Ridge prairie, and 
the upper stor}- owned and occupied by the Odd Fellows. 

Churches. — Owing to the fact that our churches out-rank our village in 
years, we have no village church. And because there are services all 
around us, at convenient distances, nearly every Sabbath, we rarely 
enjov a sermon in our school house. On the east, two and a half miles, 
stands Salt Fork Church, the oldest in the country, built in 1848. On the 
west, one mile, stands a Baptist Church, of thirt}' years standing. 



486 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Heath's creek was named from Mr. Heath who made salt from the 
springs along its bank at an early day, and sold it wet and dripping for 
$1.50 ber bushel to the settlers. Elk Lick white sulphur springs, is situ- 
ated on Heath's creek, near the county line, and before the war was some- 
thing of a watering place and resort, to which people came from a dis- 
tance. The proprietor, Jas. Witcher, erected a comfortable hotel for the 
accommodation of his guests. It was a noted place for political meetings, 
" stump speakings " and other political gatherings. 

Upon one occasion, an old line whig relates, Frank Mitchell, whig can- 
didate for congress, kept his opponent and Gov. C. F. Jackson at bay all 
day, at this spring. Another time, according to the same authority, Gov. 
Jackson made a speech against know-nothingism, at the same place. 
James Harris, described as a "little, slow sleepy-looking man, a 
school teacher and a relative of the Boone county Harrises," replied, and 
did it so well that his friends raised a big hurrah for " the little sleepy 
man" when he had finished. 

In the "eastern portion of the township, according to Mrs. Wood, Gervas 
Smith, and other pioneers, the early settlers in that portion of Salt Fork 
w-ere Wyatt Bingham, Gen. Smith, Maj. Milton Wood, P. Thornton, Asa 
Finley, Gen. W. B. Miller, Nathan Harris, Col. Wm. Davis, Thos. Gaines, 
Judge Napton, R. P. Shelby, James H. McAllister, James Hunt, and 
John B. Dedrich. Some of these settled in what is now Blackwater. 

Early marriages were those of Madison Wood and Angeline Thornton, 
Mr. Herron to a daughter of Maj. Wood, Judge W. B. Napton and Miss 
Malinda Williams, John G. Miller and Miss Margaret Williams, daughters 
of Judge Williams, of Tennessee. 

The first child born was Ed. Wood, in 1831, a son of Milton and 
Johanna Wood. 

The first deaths were a man named Wilhelm, who was buried on Major 
Wood's farm,, and a child of Mr. Bingham, that was buried in the old 
family burying ground on the Trigg farm. 

The early physicians were Drs. Sappington, Penn, Hutchinson, Todd, 
Hicks, Hall, and Lawless. The latter was the first that moved into the 
neighborhood. 

The first minister was Gary Hickman, of Mar3-land, Old School Pres- 
byterian, who preached first at Marshall. The Methodists and " Camp- 
bellites " had held camp-meetings in the vicinity previous to Hickman's 
meetings. 

The first school was taught on the Bingham farm, by a teacher named 
Parsons. Here was one of the first school houses; another was near the 
James Smith place, and was a small frame building. 

Jonesboro and Oliver's mill were early milling points. Some of the 
first settlers went to "Pin Hook," Pettis county, to mill, the trip requiring 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 487 

two days, over the rou^^h roads and unbridged streams. Game of all 
kinds was plentiful. Major Thomas Gaines killed 110 deer in one season. 
Wild turkey became so tame as to come around the cabin door of Mrs. 
Wood. 

CHURCHES IN BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 
BETHLEHEM CHURCH. 

This church, of the Christian denomination, was organized in 1870. 
The original members were C. G. Clark and wife, Rufus Clark, Burr 
Harris, D. S. Merry, wife and daughter, A. H. Hanley and wife, Samuel 
and Agnes Barley, W. W. Woodson and wife, Elisha Woodson and fam- 
ily, Thomas Settles and wife, Samuel McDaniel and family, James R. 
McDaniel and wife, Angeline Garrel, Kittie Bauldin, J. M. Jones and 
wife, and Lizzie Hurt. A frame church, 40 by 36 feet in size, was built 
in the fall of IS 71, at a cost of $2,400. It was dedicated by Elder James 
Wright. The pastors have been James Wright, Samuel McDaniel, Pink- 
erton, Hancock, Phillips, Chappel, Schouse and Hudson, and Bro. C. Q. 
Shouse, the present preacher. The present membership is about eighty. 
This church has had preaching regularly since its organization, and Sun- 
day-school during the summer season. 

SALT FORK CHURCH. 

This church, under the control of the Cumberland Presb^'terians, and 
in the new Lebanon Presbytery, was organized at an early day. Its first 
members were Asa, James, Dabney and Wallace Finley; Mollie, Eliza- 
beth, Mary and Margaret Finley; Thomas, Rhoda, Porus and Nancy 
Finley; Rhodes and Polly Marshall; James and Lorena Burke; Margaret 
Wallace, K. J. Steele, W. H. and Mary C. Finley, and Miss Margaret 
Wallace. A frame church, costing $1,200, was built in 1848; the inform- 
ant states that it was "built before dedications had come in fashion in this 
region." The pastors have been Wm. Barnett Wear, Archibald McCor- 
kle, W. E. Burke, Robert Crockett, with many others as assistants. 
Number of members at present, 100. The first and second camp-meet- 
ings of this congregation were held on the north side of Blackwater, 
about one mile northeast of the Marshall bridge, in 1840-41. In 1842, 
Rev. A. McCorkle deeded and dedicated two or three acres of land to 
the church, where the Salt Fork church now stands, and the annual camp- 
meetings were held there ever after. But few 3'ears have since passed in 
Vvhich the members have not had their annual communication and revival 
meeting. "Many hundreds of persons," says the chronicler, "old and 
young, black and white, have there dedicated themselves to God, a large 
percentage of whom have died triumphantly and joined the church on 
hio-h." 



488 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

SALINE CHURCH, 

Missionary Baptist, was organized in 1861, and re-or^anized in 1869. 
The original members were P. I. Parsons and family, Mr. H. Sellers and 
wife, J. C. Hansborough and daughters, B. F. Lyon, Mrs. Hansborough, 
John T. Woodson, J, M. Yager and wife, Wm. Murphy and wife, and 
others. The congregation as yet has no church building, but services are 
held in a school house in the neighborhood. The pastors have been B. T. 
Thomas, N. T. Allison, I. B. Dodson, J. L. Tichenor, E. T. Shelton. 
Rev. Tichenor is the present pastor. Number of members at present, 41. 
Have had regular preaching once a month, since the re-organization. 
The organization of 1861 was broken up by the war, and not re-organized 
until 1869. 

heath's creek church. 

This church was first organized in the year 1843, at the house of 
Nathaniel Bridgwater, in Cooper county. The first members were Mr. 
Bridgwater and his family of eight children; Nick Harlow and his wife, 
son, and daughter; Rev. J. F. Clark; Jesse Alhson, wife and daughter; 
Rev. Thornton Rucker, wife and two sons; Carter, Martha, and Eliza- 
beth Dix. A frame church, costing about $500, was built in the year 
1848 or 1849, by Mr. Grear. The house was newly. sided, ceiled, roofed, 
and painted, in 1879. The pastors of this church have been Thornton 
Rucker, Abner Gwinn, Isaiah Williams, J. F. Clark, Rev. Sands, Wm. 
Gentry, A. P. Williams, Rev. Hudson, J. B. Dodson, I. B. Payne, W. R. 
Green, and Sheldon Whipple. 

THE GERMAN BAPTIST. 

This church, called the Blackwater arm of the German Baptist church 
— often termed the "Tunker" or "Dunkard" church — was organized, 
July 17, 1873. The first members were David L. Williams, Leah C. 
Williams, J. and C. Smith, J. T. Shores, S. Evans, N. Evans, H. E\'ans> 
H. Van Buskirk, M. Turner, and Amanda Turner. No house of wor- 
ship has ever been built. The pastors have been D. L. Williams and 
John Umphlet. The present number of members is thirty-four. The 
informant states, that this is a branch of the " Brethren " or German Bap- 
tists, commonly called Dunkards. "Their peculiar tenets are that they 
take the New Testament for their guide in theology, church government, 
and disciplinary rule; and the}' believe that theMaster meant, in all things, 
just what He said; that all of His commands are to be observed; that 
there are no 'non-essentials,' and that we are accountable in proportion to 
our loyalty or disloyalty to God." 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 489 

SALT FORK CHURCHES. 
smith's chapel. 
This is one of the oldest Methodist churches in Missouri, and the old- 
est in Saline county. It was organized in 1824. Some of the first mem- 
bers were Wyatt Bingham and wife, Adam Steele and wife. Walker 
Adkinson and wife, and Benj. Brown. A frame church, costing about 
$2,001), was built in the year 1857. Dr. C. E. Smith donated the land 
and $300. The site was in the brush. J. T. and D. A. Stoufter were the 
contractors. The brush was cleared off and located, and the work was 
paid for when completed. The pastors have been Revs. Mr. Pace, Lee, 
Millice, Ben. Johnson, Best, Nichols, JLacy, Anderson, James and Thos. 
Wallace, Tom. Finney, Wm. Protsman, Joseph Dines, J. D. Reed, War- 
ren Wharton, Nathan Talbot, Lowe, A. M. Rader, Josiah Godby, W. B. 
McFarland, J. D. Blevens, John R. Bennett, J. F. Hogan, M. Duren, W. 
M. Bewley. The first presiding elder on this district was Rev. Redmon. 
During the war there was no regular preaching for about four yearb. 



LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 



It was in this 'township, on Finney's creek, where Renault's French 
Argonauts, in 1720, made search for precious metals, and delved in the 
earth, and erected rude smelting furnaces. They probably visited portions 
of Blackwater township also, as noted in the first pages of this history. 
It is not certain who were the first actual settlers in the township, as it is 
now constituted. Robert Fitzgerald. F. Lockney, Chas. Beasley and 
Caleb Witcher were the first of whom it has been possible to obtain 
information regarding the early settlement. They are said to have come 
about the year 1838. Histories of neighborhoods, early schools, etc., 
although solicited and promised, have not been obtained. 

The early settlers shared the same fortunes, however, and had the same 
ups and downs as did their neighbors in other townships. Indeed, a 
sketch of early life in one township in Saline, will very nearly answer for 
any other. Jonesboro, Arrow Rock and Brownsville were the trading 
points for the first settlers. Drs. Penn and Sappington, and Dr. Parks 
were the first physicians. A portion of the history of this township 
may be found in that of Blackwater. 

During the civil war, the people of this bailiwick were mostly Union 

men. Portfons of two companies of Missouri state militia were from 

Liberty township; Capt. B. H. Wilson's company, of the 7th M. S. M., 

had for its lieutenant, John S. Grain, of this township; and Capt. W. L. 

Corum raised his company here. Capt. C. seems to have been a gallant 



490 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. ' 

soldier, well liked by both parties. A skirmish or two occurred in this 
township, between the Federal militia and the bushwhackers, and, on the 
Price raid, in the southern part^of the township, some of Jetf. Thomp- 
son's men came on a party of militia, and, it is said, killed three out of 
eight or ten. 

Since the war, the material prosperity of the township has largely 
increased, and the country is now well settled. There is an abundance of 
churches, schools, etc., within its boundaries, and Liberty township is now 
one of the best, in all general respects, in the county. 

In April, 18S1, Elijah Keyton, a prominent farmer and well known citi- 
zen, was murdered at his home in this township, by Charles Phelps, a 
young man in his employ. Phelps had formed an attachment for a young 
daughter of Keyton's, which was very distasteful to Mr. Ke3'ton, and the 
latter had threatened to send the young man away in a short time. Phelps 
watched his opportunity, and one evening, unobserved, killed Keyton with 
an ax. He was arrested and confined in jail, and his case is yet to be dis- 
posed of. 

TOWN OF HERNDON. 

Tht town of Herndon was laid off by T. C. Elliott in . The 

first house was built by Edward S. Herndon, and is the storehouse now 
occupied by Fenwick & Surbaugh, harness and saddlt^y establishment. 
The next business house built was one for general merchandise, by Jesse 
McMahan, of x\rrow Rock, who put his son in charge of the store, but 
sold out to Herndon & Hall, of which firm Mr. Herndon has continued in 
business to the present time. At this time there are general merchandise 
stores, Herndon, Huston & Holmes; two saddle and harness establish- 
ments, two blacksmith shops, one carpenter shop, one flouring mill, with 
two run of stones, and two physicians, one wagon shop, postofiice estab- 
lished in December, 1875, Mr. Herndon being the present postmaster. 
The population is eighty-five souls. The town was named for Mr. E. S. 
Herndon, who established the first store, the first dwelling house and the 
postoffice. 

COUNTRY CHURCHEa. 

BETHLEHEM CHURCH (CHRISTIAN), 

was organized about the year 1860, and at first held meetings in a school 
house. The original members were C. J. Clark, A. Hanley, Samuel Bar- 
ley, E. S. Merry, Dr. Farris, Alex. Hamilton, James Witcher. A frame 
church building was erected in 1ST2. The real cost value of the building 
was about $2,000, but the members all worked at its con^ruction, and 
made the actual cash cost about $900. It was dedicated the same year 
by elder Samuel McDaniel. The pastors have been Dr. Farris, Elgin A. 
Wright, G. W. Langdon, — Hancock, Peter Donan, and — Robinson, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 491 

before the war; since the war, Samuel McDaniel, Bro. Joseph Wright, 
Wm. Pinkerton, — Chappel, G. W. Phillips, R. H. Hudson, C. Q. 
Shouse. Present membership, near eighty. During the war preaching 
was suspended for some time. Tom Woodson and his band of bush- 
whackers were at the church on one occasion when services were in pro- 
gress. The congregation was badly frightened at first, for the bush- 
whackers were greatly feared, and the pastor dismissed the audience 
somewhat unceremoniously. Woodson assured him, however, that he 
had no intention of hurting any one, and he did not, although, perhaps if he 
had found those for whom he was looking, there would have been a fight. 

ANTIOCH CHURCH (BAPTIST). 

Antioch Church was organized about the year 1S51. The first mem- 
bers were J. Fulkerson, Thos. Miller, J. K. Farris, John Smith, Samuel 
Scott, John Dickerson, Zinc Maupin, and L. B. Williams. A frame 
church, costing $1,200, was built in 1866. It was dedicated by Rev, 
Birchfield, the Rev. Thompson preaching the dedicatory sermon. Names 
of pastors— Birchfield, Spurgin, Gott, Cleaveland, DeRacken, Dodson, 
Hudson, Burgess. Number of members at present, 150. For th^ last 
year or two the organization has been somewhat demoralized. The Chris- 
tian Church owns one-third interest in the building, and the German Bap- 
tists, or "Dunkards," hold meetings there. Many of the members of the 
Baptist Church have joined other organizations. 

ROSE VALLEY CHURCH (M. E. SOUTH). 

This church w^as constituted in the spring of '79. The original members 
were J. A. Sink, Mrs. J. C. Sink, Dorsey Sink, Wm. Rothrock, Mrs. Ellen 
Rothrock, L. Ezell, Mrs. Sarah Ezell and B. F. Bufibrd. A frame church, 
costing $900, was built in the fall of 1880. The pastor's name is H. C. 
Wells; J. A. Sink and Hiram Rothrock are stewards; J. A. Sink, Wm. 
Rothrock, Richard Wall, and Philip Land are trustees. Number of 
members at present, 4.5. 

HERNDON CHURCHES 

Bethel Church, M. E., South, at Herndon, was organized in 1866. The 
original members were R. P. Wall, W. G. Boatright, James Ashman, 
Mrs. R. P. Wall, Mrs. W. G. Boatright, Mrs. Crawford, Mrs. Barzilla 
Riggins, Al. Hudson and wife, Mrs. Jackson, and Mrs. Marshall. The 
organization was effected at the school house one mile and a quarter west of 
Herndon. A frame church, 30x40 in size, was built in 1868, at a cost of 
about $1,200. It was dedicated in 1878, by M. M. Pue. The first pastor 
was A, M. Rader, and since him have been Josiah Godbey, Jno. R. Peo- 
ples, M. Durand, and the present pastor, Wells. Present member- 
ship, about ninety; it has numbered 120. Adjoining the church grounds 
is a fine cemetery. By invitation of the Methodist societ}-, the Cumber- 



492 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

land Presbyterians have organized a church and worship in the M. E. 
Church building. 

HAZEL GROVE CHURCH. 

This church was organized September 17, 1S69. The first members 
were Jesse M. Clark, Nancy J. Clark, jWm. L. Corum, Virginia E. Corum, 
Jno. G. Herndon, Florence Herndon, Edward S. Herndon, Mollie S. 
Corum, Wm. A. Huft; Edmond Huff, Wm. M. Taylor, Matilda J. Taylor, 
Mrs. M. J. Hansborough, Sarah J. Clark, Margaret J. Clark, Wm. P. 
Claycomb, Josephine Claycomb, Eliza Buck, and Susan F. Short. The 
congregation holds services in the M. E. Church building near Herndon. 
Revs. S. M. McCorkle and James Robinson organized the congregation. 
The pastors have been James Martin, James Logan, J. T. Jopling, O. 
Guthrie. The present pastor is James Martin. Present membership, 
about, sixty. With the exception of one year the church has had regular 
services since the organization. As many as 12U have been in the con- 
gregation. 

SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC. 

Herndon Lodge, No. 487, A. F. and A. M., was organized October 15, 
1874, by Xenophon Ryland. The charter members were: Wm. L. 
Crain, Thos. H. Ferguson, Oscar D. Page, and several others. The first 
officers were: Wm. L. Crain, W. M.; Thos. H. Ferguson, S. W.; Oscar 
D. Page, J. W. The present officers are: Will Trigg, W. M. ; John S. 
Crain, S. W.; Wm. M. J. Hall, J. W.; Will H. Fen wick, secretary; E. 
S. Herndon, treasurer; Hardin Witcher, tiler. A frame hall is used by 
the lodge, which was built by the Masons and Odd Fellows, at a cost of 
$400. The present number of members is forty. The secretary states 
that the lodge first commenced work under a dispensation in 1872, when 
it was set to work by Jno. P. Strother, of Marshall, acting under authority'- 
of the G. M. of the state of Missouri, and the brethren have ever since 
manifested a great interest in the good work. The lodge is situated in 
the pleasant village of Herndon, in a beautiful portion of Saline county, 
and in a society unsurpassed anywhere. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Herndon LQ,dge, No. 278, I. O. O. F., was was organized July 2, 1872, 
by G. W. Otte. The charter members were: D. P. Finle}-, J. M.Clark, 
S. J. ^Llrshall, S. D. Short, W. M. Taylor, Samuel J. Clark, and others. 
The first officers were: R. P. Wall, N. G.; L. D. Short, V. G.; D. P. 
Finley, secretary; H. Witcher, treasurer; VV. H. Fenwick, L. S. N. G.; J. 
T. Taylor, R. S. V. G. The present officers are: Z. F. Taylor, N. G.; 
W. A. Vest, V. G. ; H. Witcher, treasurer; E. S. Herndon, permanent 
secretary; W. M. Taylor, recording secretary; J. M. Sensibaugh, warden. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 493 

Present membership, thirty-eight. A frame hall was built in 1872, by the 
Masons and Odd Fellows. The lodge has not missed a regular meeting 
since its organization, except in the severe winter of 1881, when, on 
account of the severe weather and deep snows, there were two meet- 
ings missed. There has been a gradual increase of membership since the 
organization. Only one brother has been lost by death. 

GOOD TEMPLARS. 

Hazel Grove Lodge, No. 30, I. O. G. T., was organized November 10, 
1879, by T.J. Hutchinson. The charter members were J. W. Mitchell, 
Wm. M. Taylor, Sr., J. M. Riggins, T. F. Huston, Cora Riggins, Susie 
Clark, George Fisher, Miss M. J. Taylor, J. H. Clark, W. H. Durham, 
H. A. Taylor, W. H. Montgomery, Z. F. Taylor, Miss M. J. Taylor. 
William M. Taylor was the first W. C. T., and the other leading offices 
were filled by J. W. Mitchell, M. L. Kennedy, T. F. Huston, W. H. 
Durand and George Fisher. Those holding the present principal offices 
are W. H. Montgomery, Zilla Huston, J. F. White (secretary), Annie E. 
White, Wm. M. Taylor, Sr., Martha J. Chaney, Henry Taylor. Number 
of members, 78. Meetings are held in a frame hall, which is rented. 
This is a live, active lodge. It is progressive, and keeps up an interest in 
the temperance work, and has been the chief cause of the suppression of 
intemperance in this part of the count}', and especially in the town of 
Herndon. 



SALT POND TOWNSHIP. 



This township is in the extreme southwest corner of the county. It 
contains the famous sweet springs (described ahd illustrated elsewhere), 
and also the salt springs, so valuable to the early settlers of the country, 
and contributing toward the derivation of the name of this county. 

The first county seal adopted, impressions of which are yet to be found 
on many of the early papers and records in the county offices, was 
designed by Benj. Chambers and Gen. T. H. Smith, and represented two 
men boiling salt in such a furnace as was often used in this township at an 
early day. 

Before the civil war, Salt P«nd township was known as the stronghold 
of the whig party in Saline county, and was always relied upon to offset 
the heavy democratic vote of Arrow Rock. It was always visited by the 
speakers of both sides. 



494 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

EARLY SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

The first settlers in this to\vnship* were Edward Reavis, who came in 

1837, from Barren county, Kentucky; entered 700 acres of land, and also 
bought it in St. Louis for $2.50 per acre, he being the highest bidder. 
It is claimed that this was the first land' sale in this part of the state. Eighth- 
acres of this tract have never been transferred. The next was Benjamin 
Prigmore, who came from Virginia in ISIS. Then there were John 
Logsdon, Duke Prigmore, Jacob Spotts, J. Reed, Felix Bradle}', Isaac 
Van Meter, Thomas Miller, James L. Bailey, Dr. Thomas Parks, Bev- 
erly Gary, Dr. J. L. Yantis, Isaac King, William KincaTd, John Prewitt, 
— Smelser, and others. 

The first marriage in the township was that of Warren P. Reavis and 
Margaret Smelser, in 1S20, east of Brownsville, the ceremon}- being per- 
formed by Rev. Isham Reavis. Probably the next was Isaiah Prigmore 
and Miss Pinnel, April 11, 1S34, by Elder Duke Young. 

The first birth of a male child was that of a son of Edward and 
Zylpha Reavis, in the year 1S20. George Wentworth, son of Stephen 
G. and Eliza, was born in November, 1S39; but, doubtless, there were 
others born in the township before he was. The first female child was 
Elizabeth Reavis. A daughter of Hickinson and Mar}- J. Berry was borrj, 
September, 1S3S. 

The first death was that of an infant son of W. P. and Margaret 
Reavis, who was burned to death in the year 1821, and buried on the 
land of Edd Reavis. An infant child of Hick, and Mary J. Berry died in 

1838, and Mrs. John Berry died the same year, both being buried in what 
is now the town cemetery. 

The first physicians were Nathan Ostrander, of New York, who went 
to Oregon; Thomas Parks, now of Elm wood; John Sappington and 
George Penn. 

The very first minister was Isham Reavis, an old school Baptist, and 
the first religious services were held at the house of Edward Reavis, in 
1820. Then there were Daniel Buie and Henry Weedin, Cumberland 
Presbyterians, who held services in the house of Jacob Spotts. Then 
there was " Old Jake" Montgomery, the famous old negro Presbyterian, 
who preached as often as and whenever circumstances permitted. Dr. 
Yantis, the founder of the academy at Brownsville, a Presbyterian, was 
a favorite minister in the last of the '30s. 

The first school was taught, one and a half miles east of Brownsville, 
by Warren P. Reavis, in the '20s. He had only five or six pupils. He 
finally died in Arkansas. Then Rev. John Hood taught in the same 
locality, and James A. Gaines taught about twenty scholars, in a house 

* See first portion of this volume, " Early Settlements." 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. , 495 

built by Thos. Miller, on his premises, for $1 per month per scholar. 
The first school house built, was where W. P. Reevis taught school, and 

w^as erected in 1S21, by Benjamin Prigmore, Ed. Reavis and Smel- 

ser. It did not cost a cent of actual cash. The first public school houses 
were built one mile east of Brownsville, in 1836, and on the farm of Thos. 
Miller, date not given. The latter cost i^loO. 

Mrs.Zylpha Reavis put up the first loom and did the first weaving. In 
early days, every household did its own weaving. One family wove car- 
pets and foot-mats out of the inner bark of the hnden tree. 

In early days there w^ere no mills. The settlers used hand-mills. Trad- 
ing was done at Old Franklin, and what little mail there was came to that 
point first. Finley's mill, on Salt Fork, was the first. The first postotfice 
in the county was Jonesboro, the old county seat, about twent3'-five miles 
away. A letter cost twenty-five cents, payable on delivery. Milling was 
done also at Grinstead's mill, on Heth's creek, and it took four days to 
make the trip to mill; this was in Pettis county, and was an old "horse 
mill." Cofiee and sugar were at first bought at Jonesboro and at Dover, 
the latter in Lafayette county. Coffee was twentv-five cents per pound; 
sugar, ten cents. 

"Hog and hominy" were the chief articles of the bill of fare at the 
early settlers' table. Venison, wild turkey, and all the other kinds of wild 
game were always to be had. Wild honey was abundant and verj- excel- 
lent. The choicest could be bought for four cents per pound. 

The first accidental death that occurred in the settlement was the 
drowning of Old Nelson, a negro slave, in a mill-dam on Blackwater. 
The first murder case reported was the killing of Jack Logsdon by Aaron 
McMillan, in the year 1847. 

The prairie fires often caused serious loss of property where farmers 
neglected to plow or burn around their farms. The fencing around a 
farm would take fire and burn up in an hour or so, leaving the crops 
exposed. When a casualty like this occurred, the neighbors would come 
to the rescue, gather the crop, and re-fence the field. 

The first settlers were all hunters, as w^ell as farmers or salt makers. 
They dressed in buckskin suits for ever}' day wear, and their "Sunday 
clothes" were of jeans. Game of all kinds abounded. There were buf- 
falo, elk, bear, panther, deer, wolves, and other species of game, quite 
enough to satisfy the most exacting hunter. Absalom Womack once had 
a fight with a bear, which circumstance was long the talk of the settle- 
ment. 

Old " Natty " (Nathaniel) Walker hunted in these parts, and had enough 
adventures to furnish the groundwork for a book of considerable size. 
He was a singular character, as well as a great hunter. He wore moc- 
casins when he covered his feet at all, but oftener went barefoot. His 



496 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

prescription for the ague was a very disgusting and repulsive one, cer- 
tainly, but it is averred that he often administered it to himself. It con- 
sisted of three of those insects commonly trapped with a fine-tooth comb, 
swallowed before breakfast! 

EARLY DAYS IN SALT POND. 

Mr. Prigmore landed at Booneville in 1S18. There was onl}^ one store 
in the place at the time, owned by a Mr. Wyan, in a small log house. 
Prigmore moved from there to Buffalo Prairie, at the mouth of Black- 
water; lived there two years, then moved to the mouth of South Fork, 
near Brownsville. At that time there were two families of Mayes' 
(John and Mat.), living at the McAllister Spring; two families of Reavis' 
(Ed. and Isham). These four, and Mr. Prigmore's, making five, were 
the only white settlers in the neighborhood. The Mayes both moved in 
a short time, and Messrs. John and Robert Owens moved on to their 
places. This was about the year 1824 or 1825. Some two or three years 
after this, on account of troubles with Indians on the north side of the 
Missouri river, all of the settlers left, all going to Howard county, except 
Mr. Prigmore, who went to Lafayette, then called Lillard. Before the 
summer was over Mr. Reavis moved back. All the settlers moved back 
the next spring, except the Messrs. Owens, who remained in Lafayette. 
Parsons, Pennill and Hays moved in about this time, and Mr. Owens 
came back about this time also. The Osages, Kaws, Kickapoos, Sacs, 
Delawares, and a few Shawnees, were the Indian tribes that freqiiented 
this part of the country, at that time. They were perfectly friendly and 
honest. The settlers traded, hunted, run horse and foot races and wrestled 
with the Indians in perfect peace. This was the hunting ground of the 
different tribes at that time. All of the settlers were farmers, except Mr. 
Reavis, who farmed and made salt. They were all from Kentucky, ex- 
cepting Parsons and Pennill, who were from Virginia. 

The nearest mill was a horse mill, owned by Mr. McFarland, about 
forty-five miles off, southwest of Booneville. They would take a wagon 
load at a time, once or twice a year. That was so much trouble that 
Prigmore bought a small pair of mill-stones and fixed them up for hand- 
power. The bed-stone was fixed on four posts; the runner was placed 
on the bed-stone, on a pivot, on a small piece of iron, raised by a lever, as 
runners are now. It was fed by a few grains of corn at a time, thrown 
in by the hand. A free negro man also owned one at about this time. 
Edward Reavis had what they called a mortar made in this way. The 
mortar was a log, adzed out, so as to make a basin that would hold about 
one-half bushel. The pestle was a timber four or five inches in diameter 
and six or seven feet long, with an iron in the head of it, similar to an iron 
wedge. A pole was then fastened by one end to the ground, and then a 





-m\, 



(^7l^1>^ (Pf^^^i^^ 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 497 

post was put in the ground so that the pole would rest on it at the spring. 
The pole was then fastened to the post and on the end of the pole was 
attached the pestle, and a pin put through it to work it by. At every 
house there was a grater. Their clothing was made from cotton and flax, 
which they raised, carded and spun. 

Mr. Isham Reavis was an old regular Baptist preacher who preached 
once a month regularly, and sometimes every Sunday, as long as he lived. 
He also taught school in the winter months at from ten to twelve dollars 
a month. Messrs. Trapp and Young, of the old Christian Church, came 
once a month and preached through the summer months. In a short 
time a Methodist preacher came and preached once a month at Mr. Par- 
sons'. Occasionally a traveling preacher would come along and let it be 
known that he would preach. They would put a boy on a horse and 
have him a good congregation. 

At this time, on the headwaters of Blackwater, there was plenty of buf- 
falo, bears, elk, deer, panthers, wolves, wild-cats or catamounts, turkeys 
and bees. The bears, panthers and wolves were very destructive to 
stock, especially hogs. Bear was hunted when snow was on the groimd, 
with dogs; deer and such game with rifles, without dogs; wolves with 
steel traps principally. If any one was so fortunate as to get a new gun^ 
the rest had a s6rt of spite at him, until they beat the gun shooting at a 
target. At a house-raising all of the neighbors from eight to ten miles 
would go with their guns. If a deer was not wanted they would shoot at 
a mark some 60 or 100 yards for awhile and go home. If any of them 
wanted a deer they would go after it, and get it. Rifles were used alto- 
gether. 

A camf)-meeting was held once a year where Dover now stands, and 
everybody went. They were held by the Cumberland Christians. 

As the country settled a little, once a year they would select two cap- 
tains and the two companies would see which could capture the most 
wolf scalps in a year. They would meet a few days before the Fourth of 
July and count wolf scalps. The captain that got beaten would give a 
barbecue on the Fourth of July. If there were any politicians on the 
grounds they would have some speeches, and the declaration of inde- 
pendence read. The declaration would be read anyway. The militia 
had two company musters a year, one battalion, one regimental, and one 
drill muster. The timber was such as we have novv^ — no undergrowth; 
burnt out every fall. Soil same as now. Streams and springs the same 
as now. Salt was made, until the steamboats commenced to bring it up; 
that made it so cheap that they stopped making it. 

In 1824 or '25, the first steamboat came up the river with supplies and 
$150,(H)0 in silver. It struck a snag just above the mouth of the Lamine, 
32 



498 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and sunk. It raised a big commotion among the settlers. Before this, 
supplies were brought up in keel-boats and wagons from St. Louis. It 
was a long time after the sinking of this boat before any others came up. 

STATEMENT OF EDWARD REAVIS, JR. 

Mr. Edward Reavis, Jr., states: My father was the first settler in Salt 
Pond township. His name was Edward Reavis. He settled in the fall 
of 1817; he came in a flat boat from the mouth of the Lamine river, up 
Black water to this neighborhood. His family at that time consisted of 
fourteen members, about one-half of the number being negro servants or 
slaves. He settled at the Salt Springs, two miles east of Brownsville, and 
made a business of making salt for some fifteen years; he probably made 
all the salt that was used in this part of the country. There was no tim- 
ber then in this country, except strips on the wet places along the water 
courses. The country was full of Indians; they were peaceful, however. 
There was plenty of game of all kinds — black bear, buflalo, wolves, pan- 
thers, catamounts, elk, deer, wild turkeys, and prairie chickens. I know 
of zvhite bears having been killed here, but they were not natives of this 
country. (Mr. R. probably has reference to to grizzly bears). There 
was an abundance of fish in these streams. The soil w^as more produc- 
tive than now. Cotton grew well here at that time;, wheat and corn 
yielded better than now. 

My oldest brother taught the first school that was ever taught in this 
township — about the year 1820. His name was Warren P. Reavis. The 
first sermon was by Isham Reavis, an Old School Baptist. The first jus- 
tice of the peace in the township was Warren P. Reavis, about 
the year 1823 or 1824. The school house was built of logs and used for 
a church a number of years. 

The first house built on the site of Brownsville, was of logs, and put up 
by Asa B. Pennington, about the year 1834. 

It was customary for the men to dress in buckskin suits, and the ladies 
in homespun cotton dresses. The ladies would go bare-footed until they 
got nearly to church, when they would put on their shoes, in order to save 
them ; shoes were hard to get. I have known persons to come to church 
with the fresh blood on their hunting shirts from a deer ox some other 
game which had been killed on the way; and once a minister got up and 
preached in that garb. It made no difference to the ministers that this 
was done on Sunday. The preachers allowed us to kill game whenever 
we could. One reason for this was, that it was almost impossible for us to 
raise hogs, on account of the bears, and we had to depend entirely on 
wild meat; and if we could not get it on week days, w^e got it when we 
could. Wild honey was abundant. I have gone into the woods and cut 
and carried in a barrel in one day. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 499 

The country at this time, in a word, was an earthly paradise. Men 
stood upon their honor and women upon their virtue; in fact no other 
classes of people were allowed to live with us. We made our meal and 
flour first in hand-mills, and with mortars and pestles. When we went 
to mill we had to go to Turley's mill, near Booneville: that was a "horse 
mill." At first no cofiee or sugar was used; afterward we sent oft' our 
beeswax, tallow and furs to St. Louis, and bought little articles that we 
needed. We always paid our taxes with wolf-scalps, and had no use for 
money. My father owned 1,280 acres of land, and at first there was not 
more than $1.50 of tax on the whole tract. 

There was no trouble among the Indians after I came here (1817), 
although my father built his house in the shape of a fort, with port-holes 
to shoot out of. His was the first house built in this township. 

HUNTING STORIES— BY AN OLD HUNTER. 
STORY NUMBER ONE. 

Old Uncle James B., an old Virginian, was extremely fond of deer 
hunting. His deer-gun was a large-bore, flint-lock, long-barreled shot- 
gun, chambering five No. 2 buck-shot; twenty and sometimes twenty- 
five shot made a load. She was an awful "kicker"; his shoulders were 
always black and blue. 

One fine summer's evening he went to watch his favorite deer " lick," 
a place where deer would come to lick the salty earth. His " hide " or 
*' stand" was chosen on a horizontal limb of a large burr-oak tree that 
stood near. In due time a deer made its appearance. Knowing the 
propensity of his gun for kicking, he had acquired the habit of leaning 
forward, in order that his gun might kick him to his proper perpendicu- 
lar again; but this time his calculation was wrong. His gun snapped, 
— and down came hunter, gun, and all, in a pile. The deer escaped. 

STORY NUMBER TWO. 

The same old hunter was out on another occasion, and his dogs started 
up a deer, and the old man, in his hurry to get a " stand," where he 
thought the deer would pass, ran to a log which lay across a stream, to 
get his coveted position. But just as he was half way across the stream, 
the deer passed, and he must shoot then or miss his chance, so he fired, 
and over he went backward into the stream, and up to his neck in cold 
water. The bath was a chilly one, but he said he didn't care — "I just 
everlastingly fetched that deer." 

STORY NUMBER THREE. 

A party of hunters came over from Howard county to take a hunt with 
mv father, one fall. On evening, while they were there, W. B. Kincaid, 
now of Brownsville, called to stay all night. During the conversation 



500 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

that evening, he boasted somewhat of his manner of kilHng deer, which 
he said was invariably to shoot them in the head or neck. I listened to him 
for some time, and then proposed to carry home all the dear he shot in the 
head or neck. So it was arranged that he and I were to get up and take 
a hunt before breakfast. Having gone about a mile, I observed him aim 
his gun and lire. I saw a deer fall. On going up to it, I saw that, sure 
enough, he had shot the animal through the neck, and I made my prom- 
ise good by carrying the deer home. 

STORY NUMBER FOUR. 

My first experience in hunting in this country was rather rough. I 
went to a neighbor's and borrowed his flint-lock rifle. He said it had 
long been loaded, and he did not believe it would fire. On my return I 
had a chance to try it on a fine buck. At the third pulling of the trigger 
it fired clear; the deer bounded off. I hitched my horse and thought I 
would examine on foot for blood. I had gone but a few steps when I 
came suddenly upon it, not five feet away. Oh, horrors! It rose up, 
pointed its horns at me, and stood with protruding eyes and its hair all 
turned the wrong way, glaring at me. That was enough. I started on 
double-quick through the thickest brush I could find, and knowing that it 
(the brushwood) would slap behind me, I hoped that it might impede the 
animal's progress and enable me to escape. I ran until I came to the 
road, crossed it and hid. After gathering my senses, I examined myself. 
I had lost my hat and my old shoes; my face and hands were bleeding; 
my pants were badly snagged and "busted;" my shirt was in ribbons; in 
short, I was the most dilapidated, panic-stricken, demoralized specimen of 
green hunter that was ever seen in any country. I took the trail back to 
my horse, found my gun, and mounted. I now wondered why 1 had dis- 
mounted. I rode carefully around, at a safe distance, until I came where 
I had last seen the deer. Ajid there he lay, dead! He had never moved 
from where I left him when I started on my retreat. I now took the trail 
I had made, picking up my lost property; but one shoe I never did find. 
On arriving at home, one of my sisters, when she saw me, exclaimed: 
"Why, brother! What have you been fighting— bears, wolves, or what?" 
I only answered, "Wild cats." But soon the true story came out, and it 
was many days before I heard the last of my " wild cat " scrape, and 
almost as long before I recovered from its effects. 

THE TOWN OF BROWNSVILLE. 
HISTORY, EARLY AND MODERN. 

Mrs. Mary A. Laughlin, who came to Saline county, December 3, 1S36, 
and who has resided in the vicinity of Brownsville since that time, and from 
the 7th of Februarv, 1845, in the town, states that the first house on the 
town site was built by an old bachelor named Asa Pennington, who was 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 501 

from Kentucky. He lived on Davis creek, and built a sawmill on the 
ground where later Webb & Oldham put up a steam flouring mill which 
w'as afterwards burned down. 

It is asserted that the town w^as laid out in 18.32, but |VIrs. Laughlin 
states that the first settlers were John Berry and James Fitzpatrick, who 
came in February, 1837. Fitzpatrick built a house on what is now^ Main 
street, and opened a dry goods store, selling the first goods ever sold in 
the place. He entered the land in section eleven, on which the greater 
portion of the town now is. He was a Kentuckian and died in Lafayette 
county many years ago. John Berry died in Brownsville, and lies in the 
town graveyard by the side of his wafe. He came from Boone county to 
this place. 

The first marriage was that of Hickinson Berry and Mary Jane Lemon. 
The first male child born in the town was George Wentworth, in Novem- 
ber, 1839. His father was Stephen G. Wentworth, the founder of 
the town, and his mother's maiden name w^as Eliza Kincaid. The 
child was born on lot number fourteen. It afterward died at Lexing- 
ton when only a small boy. The first female born was a daughter of 
Hick, and Mary J. Berry, born in September, 1838. The first death was 
Mrs. John Berry, in 1838; she was buried in the town cemetery. (It is 
said, however, that a grandchild of hers died and was buried before her.) 

The first regular physician was Dr. Nathan Ostrander, from New York, 
who afterward removed to Oregon. Dr. D. I. Parsons w^as the next. He 
resides in Brownsville now. Probably, in advance of these, was Doctor 
Thornton, w^ho practiced through this region at an early day, although 
his home was in Johnson county. 

The first church organized in the place was the Christian, in the first 
part of the year 1850, and the first minister was Archibald Stewart, also 
a Christian. Prior to this, however, there had been an organization of 
the Christians, at the Sw^eet Springs, in 1843, but they had no regular 
house of worship. Lewis Elgin was their pastor. 

The first school in the place was taught by Mrs. Mary J. Berry, about 
the vear 1848, in a cabin on lot 6, section 10. She had about ten scholars 
and her compensation did not exceed $10 per month. The first school 
house erected was in the fall of 1858 or 1859. It was built on the lot 

where the public school building now stands, by Alex. Daniels and 

Mock, and cost $600. 

Mrs. Laughlin further states that she bought goods in the town in July, 
1837, and that she heard a sermon preached by Dr. Yantis, in December, 
1836, four miles north of town. She said there were Methodist preach- 
ers through here at different times, but no organizations of that denomina- 
tion until after the Christians. 

From statements made by other parties, and from the records, it appears 



502 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

that Stephen G. Wentworth was the founder of the town; that it was 
laid out in 1832, and incorporated, May 3, 1870. Milo L. Laughlin was 
the first mayor. The post office was established in 1840, and James Fitz- 
gerald was the first postmaster. The first minister in the town was Rev. 
John Hood, a Methodist. The first cemetery was on Locust street, and 
is still used. The first religious services in the neighborhood were held 
in a log school house, four miles east of town, by a Methodist. The 
remainder of the town history given, corresponds with the statements of 
Mrs. Laughlin. 

The present town officers are: Mayor, W. H. Reavis; City Board, 
W. D. Rembert, Wm. Spurgeon, G. W. Smith, and W. P. Gilbert; City 
Marshal, John De Long; Treasurer, W. D. Rembert; Clerk, A. L. 
Clinkenbeard. 

Mr. Wm. B. Kincaid stated to Mr. Letcher, in 1876, that Brownsville 
was laid out in lots in 1838, by Stephen G. Wentworth and Wm. Brown, 
the miller. These men owned the land on which the town was built. 
The town was named for Mr. Brown. There were then two cabins, a 
mill on Davis creek, (probably Pennington's) a blacksmith shop and a 
store. The township at that day was twice as large as at present, and 
the voting population was less than forty. Considerable cotton was raised 
in the section and old Mr. Prigmore h^d a cotton gin. 

During the civil war Federal troops were stationed at Brownsville a 
portion of the time, many of whom lived in the neighborhood. A great 
many of the people of the township were opposed to secession, opposed 
to the Confederacy, and warmly attached to the old Federal Union. 

At one time a scouting party of militia captured a young Confederate 
near Brownsville, with a large batch of mail from the Confederate army 
for friends and relatives north of the river, whither he was going. The 
young Southerner was but a mere boy, but he was dressed in Federal 
uniform, and so he was tried and shot as a spy. 

The guerrilla leaders, Dave Poole, Bill Anderson, Blunt and Yager, 
passed through at different times on their marauding expeditions. Poole 
is the only one of these leaders now alive. 

The first railroad ever built in Saline county was then called the Lex- 
ington and St. Louis railroad, now the Lexington branch of the Missouri 
Pacific. It passed through the southwest corner of Salt Pond township, 
and Brownsville was the first railroad station in the county. Track-lay- 
ing was begun at Sedalia, in the month of August, and finished to 
Brownsville in December, 1871. The station was opened December 31. 
James Henry was the first station agent, telegraph operator, etc. He 
states that then hemp comprised about one-third of the outward ship- 
ments from that station during the first year, but that this product 
dwindled down in seven years from that time, so that there was not a 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 503 

pound shipped in 187S. During the lar<(e corn-crop year of 1875 there 
were 1,955 car-loads of corn shipped from Brownsville, inside of five 
months; and one-third of the total receipts of corn at St. Louis, during 
that time, was from Brownsville and Saline county. In 1872, the water 
of the Sweet Springs was shipped from Brownville, and with this com- 
menced their favorable notoriety. It is claimed that Mr. Henry inaugu- 
rated the practice of shipping this famous water. He bought two-gallon 
jugs, and sent samples of it in every direction, to every important express 
office within 500 miles. 

THE CHURCHES OF BROWNSVILLE. 
THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

This church, according to its records, was organized in August, 1843, 
by Elder Louis Elgin. The original members were: W. C. Harrison, 
James Ferguson, W. R. Ward, J. Bright, J. Jackson, T. Hunter, D. D. 
Ostrander, Margaret Ferguson, Margaret Bright, Sarah Prigmore, A. 
Ostrander, Rebecca Parsons, Margaret Hunter, Mary Prigmore, Louisa 
Harrison ,M. A.Jackson, Mary Ward, Robert Price, Harriet Price, and a 
negress named "Dinah." A frame church, costing $1,200, was built in 1854, 
and dedicated the same year, by Elder Thomas Gaines. The pastors have 
been Elders M. L. Laughlin, Thomas Hancock, O. Spencer, James Ran- 
dall, J. B. Wright, and C. A. Hedrick, the latter the present pastor. The 
number of members at present is ninety-five. The entire membership 
connected with the church, from its organization to the present time, 
is 417. 

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The Brownsville Presbyterian Church was organized September 6, 
1868, with the following members: E. S. West, Corbin West, G. W. 
Smith, A. Hevelin, D. J. West, Wm. D. Rembert, George Hill, E. B. 
Bradley, R. L. Hamilton, S. E. Rembert, E. H. Anderson, Martha 
Brown, Martha E. Harris, Elizabeth Forbes, Mary E. Rembert, D. 
Brown, Hennie Smith, and Grace Bloom (colored). A frame church was 
built the same year the church was constituted, at a cost of $3,000. It 
was dedicated by Dr. J. L. Yantis, and Bishop E. M. Marvin. The church 
is owned jointly by the M. E. Church, South, and the Presbyterian 
Church in the United States. The pastors have been Joshua Barbee, 
John L. Yantis, D. D., John Montgomery, D. D., and Ed. M. Yantis. 
The present membership is about forty. 

M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. 

Organized in 1870, by Rev. W. B. McFarland. The original mem- 
bers were Fletcher Patrick and family, C. H. Wells and family, Wm. 
Chapman and wife, and Benj. Smith. In conjunction with the Presby- 
terians a frame church was built in 18G8, and dedicated in 1872 by Bishop 



504 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Marvin. Names of pastors, Revs. W. B. McFarland, C. H. Boggs, 
John Keener, Preston Phillips, B. Margeson, and R. H. Shaffer. A 
parsonage connected with the church was built in 1872; its present value 
is $1,000. Present membership, 63. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

The Brownsville Baptist Church was organized January 24, 1870. 
The original members were M. M. Weekly, Jesse Jackson, W. G. Buck- 
ner and their waves, J. J. Murray, J. W. Hammontree, and Misses Eliza- 
beth, Rachael and Catharine Murray. In 1870 a frame church buildmg 
was erected at a cost :pl,400. It was dedicated by Rev. Pope Yeaman. 
The pastors have been, Thos. Hudson, T. C. Floyd, J. L. Hampton, R. 
H. Harris, and T. J. Tate. Present membership, 54. Since its organiza- 
tion the church has had 89 members. 

M. E. CHURCH, COLORED. 

Brownsville Chapel, Colored Methodists, was constituted in 1872. 
The original members were Geo. Lucas, Major Brockman, J. W. 
Brown, Agnes Brown, Mary N. Lucas, Fannie Lucas, Sallie Brockman, 
John Baker, and John Washington. A frame church was built in 1872, 
which cost $250. It was dedicated in 1873, by E. W. S. Peck, pre- 
siding elder. The pastors have been, Geo. Lucas, J. W. Payne, J. D. 
Evans, V. Chastain, and J. W. Brown. The present membership is 05. 
It is proposed to erect a new church building the present season at a cost 
of $1,000. 

CIVIC SOCIETIES. 

ANCIENT FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. 

Barbee Lodge, No. 217, A. F. and A. M., was chartered October 19, 
1867, by order of Wm. E. Dunscomb, grand master. The charter mem- 
bers w^ere doctors D. J. Parsons, E. S. West, Ryland Tuck, and L. H. 
Williams, and Capt. R. L. Ferguson, Josh. Barbee, H. N. Beaty, B. F. 
Pitts, and D. M. Payne. The first officers were D. L. Berry, W. M.; 
Joshua Barbee, S. W. ; R^dand Tuck, J. W. ; R. L. Ferguson, secretary. 
The names of present officers are D. L. Berry, W. M.; John C. Lankins, 
S. W.; B. F. Bellamy, J. W.; T. C. Andrew, secretary. The records 
from 1874 to the present were destroyed in the fire of January 20, 1881. 
A hall 22x60, of brick, was built in 1872, by W. G. Buckner and M. G. 
Brown, at a cost of $5,500. The lodge is in a healthy condition finan- 
cially, and brotherly love prevails. It has lost seven members by death 
since its organization — W. L. Hawkins, P. E. B. Wright, J. L. Hampton, 
R. L. Ferguson, Wm. Andrew, B. F. Pitts, and Dr. L. H. WiUiams. The 
master of the lodge writes that Capt. Ferguson, who commanded a com- 
pan}- in the Missouri state militia during the civil war, was a member of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 505 

the Masonic I. N. S., and at his death his family drew $4,000. Bro. 
Chauncey Scott's family drew $2,700. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Brownsville Lodge No. 170, I. O. O. F., was instituted by order of the 
grand master of the state, July 12, 1867. The charter members were 
Wm. M. Taylor, Z. F. Taylor, Albert Clark, Wm. M. Stephens, J. N. 
Clark, M. G. Brown, Hardin Witcher, W. G. Buckner, and R. P. Walls. 
The lirst officers were Z. F. Taylor, N. G.; Hardin Witcher, V. G.; W. 
G. Buckner, secretary; M. G. Brown, treasurer. The present officers are 
J.J. Gross, N. G.; D. L. Berry, V. G.; J. F. Anderson, recording secre- 
tary ; John J.Wilcox, perm, secretary; C.F. Eisner, treasurer; John DeLong, 
Wm. Spurgin, and A. J. Tisdale, trustees. The present membership is 
54. The lodge has no hall, but it is in a prosperous condition, and has 
over $500 in the treasury over all liabilities. 

ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 

Brownsville Lodge, No. 119, A. O. U. W., was instituted by John A 
Brooks, April 3d, 1879. The charter members were J. J. Thorn, J. T. 
Wilson, D. L. Berry, A. L. Chnkenbeard, J. F. Smith, L. F. Berry, D. T. 
Root, M. M. Weekly, Philip Land, D. L. Smith, J. E. H. Jackson, F. D. 
Miller, W. P. Galabert, Thos. G. Nelson and W. H. Steers. The first 
principal officers were A. L. Clinkenbeard, P. M. W.; D. L. Berry, M. 
W.; M. M. Weekly, G. F.; D. L. Smith O.; J. J. Thom, Recorder; J. T. 
T. Wilson, F. The present principal officers are F. D. Miller, P.M. W.; 
D. T. Root, M. W.; G. W. Tuthill, G. F.; A. L. Clinkenbeard, O.; M. M 
Weekly, Recorder; W. Vaughan, F. The present membership is forty 
The lodge is in a prosperous condition. No deaths have occurred since 
its organization. 



ELMWOOD TOWNSHIP. 



Salt Pond creek meanders through the western part of this township, 
and it was upon this stream that the first settlements in the township were 
made in 1828, 1829, 1830, to 1837, by Robert and John S. Owens, of Tennes- 
see, and Thomas Hunter and the Francisco famih-,of Kentucky, who settled 
west of where the town of Elmvvood now stands. Then came the Triggs 
and the Joneses at the salt springs, not far fi-om the same time. Old 
Capt. Bright, Robert Owen, James Montgomery, Gilmore Ha3's, Thos. 
Hunter, John S. Owens, James Brown, Col. John T. Smith, John and Kit 
Clarkm, John S. Harris, James Beaty,John McAllister, S. G. Wentworth. 
Dr. Parks, Asa Pennington, and Joshua Steppe were early settlers in 
Elmwood township and bordering country. These were mostly from 
Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. A few were from Ireland. 



506 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

In 1837, when Mr. C. L. Francisco came to this section, timber was 
scarcer in the county than now. The settlers lived in log cabins with 
puncheon floors, and often there were wide cracks between the puncheons, 
and these were made to serve the purpose of spittoons! It was deemed 
useless to build frame houses on the prairie, for at that date high 
winds were prevalent, and it was thought they would be blown over. A 
man would have been deemed crazy who would have attempted to build 
a frame house then where scores are standing now. 

Game of every kind abounded. Bear were to be found, and wolves 
were so numerous and so bold that they would chase the settlers' dogs 
into the houses at night. (See chapter on game, wild animals, etc.) 

Salt making was carried on up to 1836 at the Big Spring by different 
parties. Settlers frequented the salt works from miles away. 

This township furnished the colonel, the adjutant, and several members 
of a regiment that marched up to Richmond, in Ray county, during the 
Mormon war — "and then marched back again." 

Mr. W. L. Beatie, who removed to section 31, township 50, range 22, 
in 1836, says that the first settlers in that neighborhood were James 
Montgomery, in township 49, range 23; Thomas Hunter, of Kentucky, 
in township 50, range 23; Robert and John Owens, in township 50, range 
23, all in 1830-31. Samuel Hayes came in 1832, to township 49, range 
23, and Father Bright and the widow Pennington and family, in 1833, 
from Kentucky. 

The first marriage was that of Gilmore Hays and Naomi Montgomery, 
by J. L. Yantis, in 183-. 

Among the first deaths was that of James Montgomery, in 1837 or 
1838. He was buried on his farmi. 

The first physicians came from Dover, in Lafayette county, until 1838, 
when Dr. Thomas Parks made his appearance in the settlement from 
Booneville. Probably Abram Millice, a Methodist, was the first mmister, 
and held the first religious services at the house of Samuel Hays; but Dr. 
Yantis, Presbyterian, held services at James ' Montgomery's about the 
same time. 

The first school was taught on the line between townships forty-nine 
and fifty, on section three, by Miss Mary Ann Ferrel, now Mrs. Laugh- 
lin, of Brownsville. The first school house was built in what is now Salt 
Pond township, on section fourteen, township forty-nine, range twenty- 
three, in the year 1840. It was built by the contributed labor of the com- 
munity, and cost but little if any money. It was very primitive and rude 
in style; the seats were made of split slabs. 

Nearly all the families did their own weaving and spinning, and the 
most of the clothing worn was of home manufacture. Tastes were sim- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 507 

pie and easily gratified. Friendship and good will everywhere abounded, 
and hospitality was universal. 

From 1836 to 1840, there were no regularly worked roads through the 
township, and no bridges, and indeed none were needed. The country 
was open allowing a " bee-line" course to be taken to almost any point, 
and the 'streams were almost always fordable. The nearest postoffice 
was at Dover, about twenty miles away. Postage on a letter then was 
twenty-five cents. Mills were from fifteen to twenty miles off. Goods 
were bought at Dover and Jonesboro. The setders diverted themselves 
at times with chasing deer and wolves, or shooting at a mark. It was 
also considered entertaining, and combining business with pleasure to 
hunt bee-trees and take therefrom their mellifluous stores. The troubles 
experienced were mostly caused by the severe and protracted winters, 
which exhausted and cut off supplies, and rendered intercourse with the 
outer world extremely difficult. Much suffering was occasioned by the 
severe winter of 1832 (?) when the snow fell on Christmas day, to the 
depth of four feet, and remained until March. (See History of Grand 
Pass township, and general history.) During this period corn had to be 
crushed in mortars to make meal for bread. 

Dr. Thomas Parks, of Elmwood, thinks John and Robert Owens came 
in 1828, from Howard county. Prior to them, but at what date, is not 
known, was Abe Job, who settled on section 4, township 49, range 23. 

Dr. Parks himself, from Todd county, Kentucky, was the first physi- 
cian. Rev. J. L. Yantis, Old School Presbyterian, held the first religious 
services, at the house of his father-in-law, James Montgomery. The 
first school house was ne;ir the present residence of S. N. Beatie. The 
first school taught was by John Lynch, afterward sherifl^ of Saline county, 
who died about 1863, on the same farm he first settled. 

The nearest stores of any consequence were at Lexington and Jones- 
boro. Mills were few and far between. 

COL. "JACK SMITH T." 

'A brief sketch of one character, that formerly resided in this township, 
must be given to the exclusion of other matter. Col. John T. Smith, a 
brother of Gen. Thos. A. Smith, of the famous " Experiment " farm, set- 
tled at the Big Salt Springs, at an early date. He bought out the springs, 
greatly improved them, and made salt for some years. He was a bach- 
elor, and in everv other particular an odd character! His means were 
very ample. He counted his acres by hundreds, and his slaves by troops. 

By his own command, Col. Smith, was called "Jack Smith T." His 
commands were always obeyed, or there was a funeral if they were not. 
The character of the man may be conjectured from these incidents: 

He had been a principal in three of four duels, in all of which he killed 
his man. On one occasion, he went from Saline county to Bloody Island, 



50S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY'. 

opposite St. Louis, on an affair of honor. At another time, as he was on 
his way to Booneville, he met two horsemen coming westward. Smith 
saluted them and they returned his greeting, not very politely or ceremo- 
niously. Thereupon he drew his rein and called out: 

" Stop, gentlemen, a moment, if you please." As they did so, he asked: 

"Where are you from, and w^here are you going?" 

" O, we are from Virginia, and are going west. We are land-sharks," 
returned the two strangers, rather indifferently and somewhat provok- 

" By G — ! That is just what I thought. Draw 3-ou pistols, gentle- 
men," and drawing his own. Jack T. fired and killed one of the men and 
badly wounded the other. 

The men were not " land-sharks," but honest, reputable citizens, look- 
ing for locations and intending to become actual settlers in this county. 

Some years ago, about the year 1835, an officer of the regular army, 
in charge of some horses for Ft. Osage, passed through Saline county. 
He became separated from his detachment in some manner, and arriv^ed 
at Col. Smith's house just at dusk. Jack T. met the gallant captain, who 
was gorgeous in epaulettes and military trappings, wore a cocked hat and 
"a sword and pistols by his side," and in answer to his request for supper 
and lodging for the night, assured him that " the best on the place " was 
at his service. 

A negro servant took charge of the captain's horse. Col. Jack him- 
self of the captain and his side-arms, the latter being laid carefully away. 
The officer was invited to seat himself in front of a blazing fire, while 
Jack T. went out and ordered supper. Upon his return the host and his 
guest entered upon an animated and extended conversation, which was 
kept up until a negro came to the door and announced that supper was 
ready. " Bring it in ! " shouted Jack T. Two lusty, strapping hemp-break- 
ers thereupon entered the room, bearing between them a huge iron wash 
kettle filled with hot, smoking corn-meal mush. " Bring spoons !" roared 
Col. Jack. The spoons, large iron ones, were brought. " Now, Cap- 
tain," said Smith, in his blandest manner and milder tones, " sit up to sup- 
per." The officer, too hungry to be particular, and too poHte to refuse 
anyhow, took the proffered spoon and, seated opposite his host, attacked 
the huge, hissing mess of pottage before him, as if it were a rare and 
dainty dish set upon a king's board, reminded somewhat of the incident 
of Francis Marion, the British officer, and the sweet potatoes. 

Jack T. and the United States captain ate for some time, apparently in 
great enjoyment, keeping up a brisk conversation the while. At last the 
officer laid down his spoon, and, pushing back his chair from the caul- 
dron, announced himself satisfied. " Eat some more, eat some more," 
urged Colonel Jack. Upon the officer's persistent refusal and assertions 



HISTORY OF SxVLINE COUNTY. 509 

that he was abundantly satisfied, Smith took down his dragoon pistols, 
which he always kept convenient, cocked one, and pointing it at his now 
astonished guest, said, solemnl}- 

" By G— ; you shall eat, sir!" And thereupon the officer ate! 

He now thought he had fallen in with a maniac. As soon as opera- 
tions had been resumed, Col. Smith became the pleasant, entertaining 
host of an hour before. Now, corn-meal mush is very "filling" sort of 
food. The captain had not long plied his spoon until he again announced 
himself satisfied. "Eat some more!" thundered Jack T. Remon- 
strances, and even entreaties were unavailing, and the captain ate " some 
more." In a few minutes, he again intimated his desire for a cessation of 
hostilities, as it were. The mush was very good, he said; it was indeed 
refreshing; there was nothing else he liked so well as mush, and this was 
decidedly the best he had ever eaten ; but, if the colonel would pardon 
him, he had eaten quite a sufficiency, and begged to be allowed to retire. 
'■'•Eat some morer again demanded Old Jack, presenting a pistol. 

The captain ate "some more!" 

O, how it would have delighted poor Oliver Twist to have been a guest 
of jack Smith T. ! 

But, at last, nature came to the assistance of the poor surfeited, if not 
" foundered," officer. And Col. Smith, perhaps touched by the spectacle, 
allowed him to retire. 

The next morning the captain departed before breakfast. Not until 
he had mounted his horse and was out in the road, were his pistols and 
sword given him. As he rode away, his imagination, like his stomach, 
was distended, as he thought that it certainly did require all sorts of peo- 
ple to make the world, especially the Missouri part of the world. 

Col. Smith left the Salt Springs many years ago. His tubs and pans, 
and vats, and other machinery were to be se^n b}'^ passers-by for 3'ears 
after he left. He died in some part of this state, it is said, many years 
since. Many other incidents, illustrative of the character of the man, 
might be given. 

MURDER OF FABER AND DAWSON. 

In February, 1864, two citizens of this township. Christian Faber and J. 
J. Dawson, were most inhumanly murdered near Marshall. They were 
citizens, not soldiers, and were universally respected. Mr. Faber was an 
old m,an, nearly seventy years of age. On the day of their death they 
went to Marshall to buy some family supplies, and to pay their taxes. 
In making their purchases they showed that they had some money with 
them. They started for their homes at about two o'clock in the 
afternoon, but never reached there alive Their wagon and team was 
found the next morning, and soon after their bodies were found a mile or 
two west of Marshall, one on either side of the road, in some brush. 



510 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Dawson had been shot three times, twice in the breast and once in the 
back. Faber received two balls in the breast and one in the head. Their 
bodies were carried to a house in process of erection for a Mr. Neale, 
and placed in coffins made by the carpenters there at work. They w^ere 
buried in the Hays burying-ground. A coroner's jury returned a verdict 
that Faber and Dawson were killed by parties unknown. 

On the day of the murder, Capt. Grain's company of militia was sta- 
tioned at Marshall, and at about the time of the murder was on drill. Some 
of the members of this company were among the first to discover the bodies, 
and made active search for the murderers. Years afterward, in the fall 
of 1875, Levi Hagan and T. B. Fulkerson, two of the members of this 
company, were arrested and put upon trial, at Marshall, charged with 
the murder. Hagan was arrested in Texas. His father warned him by 
telegraph of the charge against him, and advised him to leave the coun- 
try, but Hagan answered that he was perfectly willing to be put on trial, 
and accordingly voluntarily surrendered himself to the officers sent after 
him. The evidence was purely circumstantial and not at all convincing, 
and both men were honorably acquitted. Who did commit the crime 
will probably never be known, and what motive there was for its com- 
mission will likewise ever be a mystery. The pockets of the murdered 
men were not rifled, and the goods in the wagon were undisturbed. Both 
bushwhackers and militiamen were charged with the cowardly, cold- 
blooded crime, but nothing positive could ever be proven against any- 
body. 

COUNTRY CHURCHES. 

PISGAH CHURCH. 

Pisgah Church, situated one-half mile north of Elmwood, was organ- 
ized in connection with the Old School Presbyterian Church, August 7, 
1845, by Rev. G. Hickman, and Rev. J. L. Yantis, acting under the 
orders of the presbytery. It is one of the oldest, if not the very oldest , 
church of that denomination in that part of Saline county. Its first elders 
were Dr. Thomas Parks and Anderson Fitzpatrick. Dr. Parks, at the 
advanced age of more than four-score, still lives at'Elmw^ood. Mr. Fitz- 
patrick died in 1874. The other elders were elected in the following 
order: Moses Woodfin (or Wordfin), in 1849, and to him is due, in a 
great measure, the credit of the erection of the present church building. 
Samuel F. Taylor was elected in 1855, and during the six 3'ears of his 
eldership, and under the ministration of Rev. James Clark, the church 
enjoyed its highest prosperity. The name of Samuel Taylor is held in 
almost sacred veneration by the older members of the church, and is hon- 
ored by the entire community for the many noble traits which adorn his 
character. Rev. J;imes Clark died at Clarinda, Iowa, in the year 1879. 
He removed to the north during the civil war, and was living in the town 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 511 

named at the time of his death. In lS«>0,the following elders were elected: 
John C. Clark, George Francisco, and Dr. A. W. Reese; in 1875, G. M. 
Francisco. The last additions reported to this historian were Geo. Wash- 
burn and Andrew Dysart, in 1876. The tbllowing ministers have preached 
for this church, in the order in which their names stand: G. Hickman, 
J. L. Yantis, Wm. Paulding, C. Crow, Ralph Harris, Jas. C. Clark, J. L. 
Yantis, Joshua Barbee. The organization took place in a log school 
house, which was the only place for public worship in the neighborhood 
for a number of years. The church increased in numbers and influence 
until the war, when many of its members were scattered, and great indif- 
ference upon the subject of religion prevailed throughout the country. 
The close of the war found the church in a sad condition. A kind Provi- 
dence, however, smiled upon it in some measure, and its numbers and in- 
fluence, though not its former condition, have been restored. The 
church was able, in 1875, to give about thirty of its members to another 
Presbyterian congregation, which worship seven or eight miles west, and 
still maintains its usual strength, and have public worship regularly twice 
a month. Its present membership is between sixty and seventy, and the 
congregations, upon Sabbath morning services, are generally verv fine. 
The congregations are composed in part of members of other denomina- 
tions, which Christian courtesy is returned by the Presbyterians, and shows 
a most friendly feeling existing between the different denominations in the 
neighborhood. Information concerning this church has been furnished by 
Rev. Joshua B.arbee. 

SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

A society of the M. E. Church, or Northern Methodists, called the Salt 
Springs Society, was organized in 1867, with the following members: Sam- 
uel, Nancy, James, William, Mary, and Emma McClelland; M. Maupin, 
Wm. Bray, Maria Bray, Samuel and -Elizabeth Brown, and James More- 
land. It has had for pastors, Wm. Stevens, H. R. Miller. A. P. Sallowav, 
G. T. Smiley, F. Oechsle, Stanford Ing, J. S. Porter, and J. H. Gillespie. 
Number of present membership, twenty-eight. There is hope for the 
erection of a church building in the near future. 

CHRISTIAN UNION CHURCH. 

This church, of the Christian demonination, was organized in 1860, 
with the following members: H. S. Pollard, T. W. and W. L. Hancock, 
Wm. Beck, Jas. Clay, T. H. Gunnell, Wm. and Jas. Hickman, Alex. 
Green, M. Beamer, Alf. Hickman. A frame church building was 
erected the same year -at a cost of $2,434:.66. The pastors have 
been Geo. Plattenburg, T. W. Hancock, T. N. Gaines, Wm. Pinkerton, 
— Perkins, — Gill, and C. Q. Shouse. Present membership, sev- 
enty-five. 



512 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

The Church of the Annunciation, was organized in 1843, although 
there were Catholics here as early as 1841. The first members were 
Christopher Fitzsimmons, John Clarkin, Patrick Loftus, Michael Lan- 
gan, Wm. Prior, Martha King, Thos. Cafferv, Miss O. Ferrell, now 
Mrs. Harrison, and others who came from Charleston, South Carolina. 
The first church building was erected in 1851; it was of wood. The 
second church was built in 1878, of dressed stone, at a cost of near i|)5,000. 
It will be dedicated the present year by Right Rev. John Joseph Hogan, 
D. D., of Kansas City. The pastors of this church have been: The 
Rev. Francis De Maria, S. J., in 1845; Rev. James Kinney, S. J., in 1846; 
Rev. James Murphy, 1847; Rev. Thos. Cusack, in 1850; Rev. Bernard 
Donnelly, 1854; Rev. Joseph Meister, in 1855; Rev. Bernard Hilmer, in 
1856; Rev. Eugene O'Hea, in 1857, and Rev. Edward Hamill, the ven- 
erable and universally revered present pastor. The present membership 
is composed of about sixty or seventy families. Michael Finney, Chris- 
topher Clarkin, and Thos. Langan were here in 1841. John and Chris- 
topher Clarkin went to California and died there. 

The " Irish settlement," so called, which is partly in Elmdwood an 
partly in Marshall townships, was begun as early as 1843, by a small 
colony fi-om Charleston, South Carolina. Among the first were the 
Clarkins, the Gallaghers, the Kings, Loftus, Langan, Prior, Caftery, 
and the O'Farrells. In this settlement the first Catholic congregation was 
organized, although there were Catholics scattered over the county prior 
to that time. At present Catholicity is extensively diffused throughout 
Saline county. There is a fine Catholic Church at Marshall, one at 
Frankfort, and there are numerous missions in the county. Father Hamill 
came to reside at ihe Annunciation in 1867. Father Murphy, now of 
Marshall, was his assistant from 1870 for some time. 

THE TOWN OF ELM WOOD. 

The town of Elmwood was laid out in the year 1867. Its founders were 
R. F. Canterbury and Dr. George Hereford. The postoffice was estab- 
lished the same year, and Wm. W. Kennedy was the first postmaster. 
R. H. Brady built the first house for Canterbury & Hereford, who were 
proprietors of the first store. 

The first school house was built in 1867, and James Parton taught t'he 
first school. There were about twenty-five pupils, and the teacher 
received fifty dollars per month for his services. 

The first marriage was that of James Fitzpatrick to Miss Susan Ken- 
nedy. Rev. Joshua Barbee performed the ceremony. The first male child 
born was John Kennedv, son of James M. and Maria H. Kennedy, born in 
1867. The first female born was Ella Kennedy, in 1868 or 1869, of the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 513 

same parents. The first death was that of the child of John Kennedy, 
before mentioned. 

The first ph^-sician was Dr. Thomas Parks, a native of Augusta county, 
Virginia, but fi-om Todd county, Kentucky, to Saline county. The first 
religious services were held in the school house where the first school was 
taught by Rev. Tolbert, a Methodist. 

Dr. Parks, the venerable pioneer physician of the place, says of Elm- 
wood: " Nothing ever happens here." 

M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. 

No statistics received from this church, although promised by the 
authorities. 

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. 

Elmwood Lodge, No. 215, I. O. G. T., was organized April 6, 1S79, 
by Dr. Holland, of Marshall. The charter members were S. N. Beatie, 
Mrs. S. E. Hays, W. L. Beatie, S. T. Dysart, Mrs. M. D. Francisco, G. 
T. Martin, Joe Francisco, Robert Green, G. T. Nichols, J. W. Garrard, 
Mary and Belle Beatie, W. H. Ireland, W. A. Smith, and others. The 
first officers were S. N. Beatie, W. C. T.; Mrs. S. E. Hays, W. V. T. 
W. L. Beatie, W. C; G. T. Martin, secretary; S. T. Dysart, W. F. S. 
Mrs. M. D. Francisco, W. T.; Joe Francisco, N. M.; Robert Green, I. G. 
G. T. Nichols, O. G. The present officers are S. N. Beatie, L. D.; G. T 
Martin, P. W. C. T.; T. J. Dysart, W. C. T.; xMary Kennedy, W. V. T. 
A. Hunter, secretary; G. R. Davis, F. S.; Belle Beatie, treasurer; J. A. 
Halley, C; George L. Harris, M.; Florence Kennedy, D. M.; Mattie 
Kennedy, I. G.; H. G. Dysart, O. G.; Sallie Parks, assistant secretary; 
Mollie Hays, R. S.; Virgie Davis, L. S. The present number of mem- 
bers is 113. The hall is over the Methodist Church, South, built by the 
members of that church, and sold to Elmwood Grange, No. 210, and is 
now owned by the grange. It is rented for the use of this lodge at $J: 
per quarter. It is a frame, and cost the grange $5uO. The P. W. C. T. 
states that when this lodge was organized this neighborhood was noted 
for the number of its dissipated young men, and the village of Elmwood 
sold more whisky than any other town in the county of twice its size. 
Soon after the organization of the lodge the liquor dealers closed up, and 
there has been no whisky sold in the place since. " Now," says the gen- 
tleman referred to, " we have as orderly and well-behaved a community 
as there is anywhere." 

THE TOWN OF BLACKBURN. 

Seventeen miles west of Marshall, on the C. & A. R. R., is situated the 

thriving village of Blackburn, about midway between the northern and 

southern boundaries of Saline, on Quality ridge. Upon the completion of 

the C. & A. R. R. to that point, F. H. Blackburn, in whose honor the 

33 



514: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

town is named, and P. H. Rea, of Marshall, laid out the city's boundaries. 
This was in 1S79. Now the tall spires and the noi^y din of business 
remind the stranger that Blackburn is not merely a railroad station, but a 
live business town. In the spring of 1ST9, George A. Alkire built a 
house and opened the first store, keeping general merchandise. 

The first church was the Episcopal, built in 1880, Rev. Woodruff', rec- 
tor. In 1881, the Christian Church was built. 

Blackburn, though yet in its infancy, is quite a business point. Trent 
& Palmer have a large dry goods and clothing store on Main street, and 
are doing a splendid business. Trent, the resident member, is a young 
man of fine business qualifications, and very popular among his customers. 

Thomas C. Maupin, hardware and implement merchant, is a whole- 
souled, energetic townsman, and deeply interested in the place. 

H. C. Spencer is running the drug store business in a strictly legitimate 
way; is a young man of popular turn and decided character. 

A. H. Shindler & Co. are live men, from Waverly, who have brought 
their trade with them, and are handling an extensive line of dry goods, 
clothing, and staple groceries. Their reputation for straightforward deal- 
ing and honesty will always insure them a lively trade. 

The lumber business is in the hands of the enterprising young Catron 
Bros., who are handling, all the lumber for that point, and of course are 
doing a good business. 

J. H. Handley, mayor of the city, is proprietor of a mammoth livery 
stable, on south side of railroad; runs a daily hack line to Waverly and 
Sweet Springs. 

The beef market is supplied by A. Tilton, who is also proprietor of the 
large city hotel. 

A first class news depot and barber shop is being run by M. M. Biren. 

The manufacturing business is carried on by Thos. J. Doyle, who is 
daily turning oft wagons, spring and farm, and all styles of buggies. 

EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The congregation of the Church of the Mediator was first organized at 
St. Thomas, now Waverly, February 17, 1856, and was called St. 
Thomas' Parish. In 1880, the present church building was erected at 
Blackburn, and the name of the association was changed to its present 
name, the Church of the Mediator. The original members were Rev. D. 
G. Estes, Jacob Fackler, Geo. J. Fackler, D. Creel, H. S. Davis, R. H. 
Creel, W. A. Richards, D. Trigg, J. Major, Wm. Ashford,J. S. Harding. 
The church building, at Blackburn was built in the spring of 1880, and was 
dedicated, September 14, following, by Rt. Rev. C. F. Robertson, bishop 
of Missouri. It is a frame, and cost about $800. The present rector is 
Rev. M. S. Woodruft', of Marshall. The rectors in past years have been 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 515 

Reverends D. Gordon Estes, J. W. Dunn, and Olcott Bulkley. The pres- 
ent membership is about thirty. . 

GOOD templars' LODGE. 

Blackburn Lodge, No. 315, I. O. G. T., was organized Nov. 21, 1879, 
by T. J. Hutchinson, The charter members were E. Marshall, H. E. 
Mandorf, Thos. Doyle, M. Blackburn, T. Maupin, Wm. Washburn, 
Henry Miles, Y. Anderson, M. Welch, Phelps and Gregory, Misses Bet- 
tie Miles, Laura Davis, Owens, and Jones. The first officers were: E. 
Marshall, W. C. T.; Bettie Miles, W. V. T.; T. Maupin, P. W. C. T.; 
H. E. Mandorf, W. C; C. Bulkley, Sec'y, M. Blackburn, W. F. S,; 
Laura Davis, W. T.; H. Miles, W. M.; Mrs. Jones, W. D. M.; O. 
Gregory, W. S.; Mrs. Owens, W. I. G. The present officers are: Chas. 
Bulkley, W. C. T.; Laura B. Davis, W. V. T.; A. Davis, P. W. C. T.; 
Thos. Doyle, L. D.; M. Welch, W. Sec; T. B. Small, W. Chap.; 
M. Biven, W. F. Sec; Ella B. Davis, W. Treas.; Spencer Small, 
W. M.; Belle Welch, W. D. M.; P. Welch, W. Sec; Ella Welch, 
W. I. G. The present number of members is 36. The lodge meets in 
Doyle's hall, a frame building erected in 1880. 

MT. LEONARD. 

[No report has been received from this place although solicited from, 
and blanks furnished to, parties best acquainted with its history, and most 
interested in its welfare. Enough is known, however, to state that the 
town was laid out in the latter part of 1877, upon the completion of the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad, and named in honor of the Leonard brothers, 
principal proprietors of the place.] 

CHURCH. 

There is a Methodist Church building in process of erection. No 
report received. 

KNIGHTS OF HONOR. 

Mt. Leonard Lodge, No. 1938, K. of H., was organized December 20, 
1879, by James Drowns of St. Louis. The charter members were Geo. 
L. Goulding, Wm. and Abiel Leonard, Leveritt Leonard, John and David 
Hancock, J. B. Carthrae, J. U. Fountain, D. U. Pinkerton, John Lynd, 
Entrecan, N. Richardson, John Bradley, E. Magoffin, Chas. Bulk- 
ley, John Edwards, C. Deathreage,J. K. Fmnell, John Cherry, R.James, 
Dr. Harrison. The first officers were E. Magoffin, Dictator; J. B. Carth- 
rae, V. D.; Abiel Leonard, A. D.; D. U. Pinkerton, R.; John Bradley, 
F. R.; Dr. Harrison, J.; W. M. Leonard, Chaplain; Nat. Richardson, T.; 
David Hancock, Guardian; John Wallace, S.; L. Leonard, John Wallace 
and N. Richardson, Trustees. The present officers are: Wm. Leonard, 
Dictator; E. Magoffin, V. D.; Taylor Entrecan, A. D.; John Cherry, 
R.; John Bradley, F. R.; John Lynd, G.; John K. Finnel, Chaplain; Nat. 



516 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 

Richardson, T.; J. U. Fountain, Guardian; D. U. Pinkerton, S.; Abiel 
Leonard, Nat. Richardson, and John Edwards, Trustees. Present mem- 
bership, about 30. The lodge meets in a frame hall, erected in 1880, at a 
cost of $700. 

THE SALT SPRINGS. 

The hamlet and postofhce of this name is situated about eight miles 
west of Marshall. It consists of a postoffice, a dry goods and grocery- 
store, a blacksmith shop, etc. It is situated within one-fourth of a mile 
from either of the two large salt springs, in the beautiful Salt Springs 
valley. 

The great Salt Springs constitute one of the most important and inter- 
esting features of the county. The water of one of them contains fifteen 
per cent of salt; of the other, seventeen per cent. By a little improvement, 
invalids and health-seekers could here have the benefits of a sea-bath. 
The springs are large, and very beautifully situated. The splendid and 
delightful Salt Springs valley contains ninety, or morS, of these smaller 
springs of salt water, besides many soft water springs. One of the latter 
discharges 125 gallons per minute. It is situated on Mr. Langan's farm. 



MARSHALL TOWNSHIP. 



This township, being almost destitute of timber at the time, was not 
settled when Miami, Cambridge, Clay, and the other townships border- 
ing on the river were. 

In the vicinity of where the railroad station of Norton now is, the first 
settlements were made, in 1839, by Robt. Brown, Matthias C. Gwinn, 
Elias Wilhite, Dudley Cooper, David Ford, Thos. Duggins, H. Swisher, 
John Pulliam, Samuel Wall, and Owen T. Willis, from Virginia and Ten- 
nessee, and by Cuth. Hickman, from Kentucky, in 1840. 

The first marriage was that of Wm. N. Oliver, of the Platte purchase, 
and Miss Mary Ann Jackson, near Mt. Horeb Church, about the year 
1843. The first death occurred in the fall of 1843, and was a son of Thos. 
C. and Elizabeth W. Duggins. 

The first physicians, always excepting, of course, Dr. Sappington, were 
Drs. Long and Hicks, of Marshall. Dr. Long died at Lexington, and 
Dr. Hicks at Marshall, the latter of cholera, in 1849. 

The first minister remembered was Rev. Dodds, a Methodist, who 
first held service at Richard Durrett's residence, near Rock Creek. The 
first school was taught by Capt. Ruxton, about three-fourths of a mile 
west of the present site of Norton, about 184-. It was a small subscrip- 
tion school. Thos. C. Duggins opened his school in 1841-2, at Pink 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 517 

Booker's place. The first school house was built half a mile southeast of 
Mt, Horeb. 

Mrs. Jackson, wife of Thomas Jackson, had the first weaving done by 
her servants. There were, in the first settlement, no mills nearer than 
Jonesboro. Groceries were brought from Miami and Old Jefierson. Pota- 
toes and peas were often used when the people could not get meal. The 
latter was often ground in hand-mills, or grated upon the old-fashioned 
tin graters. 

Out in the Rock Creek Church neighborhood, the first settlers were 

Jesse Lankford and John Piper, from Virginia; Goft', Elias Wilhite, 

M. C. Gwinn, James Smith, Henry Weedin, Tolman Weedin, and 
Richard Durrett. 

The first female child born in the neighborhood was Margaret Pember- 
ton, daughter of Thomas and Sarah Pemberton. The marriages of 
Misses Gofi" and Nancy Durrett were the first. 

Drs. Price, Penn, and Sappington were the first physicians. Thos. Fris- 
toe was the first minister. The people went to hear him preach away 
down to Zoar Church at Jonesboro. 

West of Marshall, A. F. Bruce and Col. Lewis were among the first 
settlers. 

Near the town site of Marshall, was Jerry Odell, Henry Simmons, and 
others. 

The history of Marshall township is so largely blended with that of the 
county in general that no separate mention of it need here be made. As 
soon as the county seat was permanently located at the town of Marshall, 
the township began to settle up rapidly, and even before 1839, many of 
the best tracts of land were occupied. 

The boundaries of this township have been considerably expanded since 
its first survey, and many of the settlements and settlers upon its borders 
are named in the history of other townships. 

MT. OLIVE CHURCH. 

It is due to the many memories clustering about this chnrch that extended 
mention of it should be made. It is situated about five miles south of 
Marshall, and is the joint property of the Old School and the Cumberland* 
Presb3^terians. The two denominations have walked and worshipped 
together in the spirit of unity and in the bonds of peace for more than a 
quarter of a century, forgetting, in a great measure, the grounds and 
points of difference between themselves. 

The Cumberland congregation was organized, February 22, 1852, by 
P. G. Rea. Some of the original members were Harry Buie and wife, 
Wm. and A. E. Burke and their wives, and John Buck and his wife. The 
ministers who have preached for the church are P. G. Rea, James Mar- 



518 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

tin, Warren Compton, Robert S. Reed, W. E. Burke, Abner Lansdon» 
Samuel McCorkle, P. G. Rea, W. H. Duff, and Abner Lansdon, present 
pastor. 

It was organized with Wm. Burke and John Buck as elders. Mr. 
Burke is still living, now seventy-five years of age, and discharging faith- 
fully the duties of his office. His services have been very valuable to his 
church and community. The following elders have been since added: 
Bolivar G. Doyle, in 1860; Wm. Corum, in 1861; W. K. Mahard, in 1868. 
The membership is between forty and fifty. 

The Old School branch of the church was organized in 1853; the same 
year in which the house was built. The ministers that have preached for 
this church from its organization, are Rev. G. Hickman, William Pauld- 
ing, George C. Crow, James C. Clark, James Morton, George Cameron, 
James C. Clark, J. L. Yantis, and Joshua Barbee. The elders which con- 
stituted its first session were Joseph Laury, and . 

In a few years Thompson G. Miller was made an elder. Just after the 
war, in 1866, Dr. Wm. Fisher and Robert Stuart were added to the session 
And in 1875, Isaac Sydenstriker was elected as an additional elder. The 
membership numbers between forty and fifty. The two denomina- 
tions worshipping in the same house, has been a great advantage to the 
neighborhood, affording public worship almost every Sabbath, and mak- 
ing the interest of one identical with the other. The cemetery, which is 
enclosed in the same grounds with the church, has been an object of con- 
siderable pride and attention upon the part of not only both churches, 
but the entire community. Nature has made the location more than ordi- 
narily attractive, but the noble dead that live beneath its sod have rendered 
it more sacred to the hearts of many. It is to be hoped that the same 
care and attention will be shown to these grounds to the latest generation, 
and the blessings of Providence always attend these churches, and broth- 
erly love continue and abound in every heart. 

The church building, a frame 28x46, costing about $1,100, was built in 
1853. It was dedicated in a year or two by Dr. Nathan Hall, of Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky. During the war there was regular preaching at Mount 
Olive throughout all of those dark and bloody years, an uncommon cir- 
cumstance. People of all denominations attended, some coming for miles. 
It was visited regularly by the people of Marshall. 

The cemetery has been used by all of the surrounding country. Many 
former citizens of the town of Marshall sleep within its sacred precincts. 

THE TOWN OF MARSHALL. 

The origin, formation, and very much of the history of the town of 

Marshall, are set forth in the general history, on other pages of this work. 

Jeremiah Odell donated the sixty-five acres upon which the original 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 519 

town was laid out. The location had been sometimes known as the Elk 
Hill, so-called from the droves of elk which frequented the site itself, and 
the adjacent country. 

Henry C. Simmons built the first house, in 1839. It was a one-story frame 
and was used as a saloon ! It was situated on the west side of the northwest 
corner of the public square. Thomas Davis built the first two-story house, 
and sold the first g-oods; Col. Wm. Lewis put up the second store, and was 
the second merchant in the place. Alexander Skillen built the first hotel, or 
tavern stand; Col. Wm. Lewis, the next. The first public school house 
in the place was built in 1849 or 1850. It was a frame, and stood on lots 
five and six, in block forty-three. Its cost was about $250. The first 
church building was put up by the Methodists, on the lot where the Bap- 
tist Church now is. Mr. John McCowan was the builder. It was partly 
completed — the frame being put up — when the work stopped for a while, 
for the want of funds. It was dedicated by Rev. T. P. Akers. 

Prior to the building of the first church and school house, religious ser- 
vices had been held in Skillen's tavern, and in the court house, and 
schools had been taught in private houses and in the court house. Probably 
the first religious services were held in Skillen's tavern, by the Cumber- 
land Presbyterians, and it is claimed that Henry Gaines taught the first 
private school. Mr. Barbee was one of the very first teachers. 

It is said that the first marriage in the place was that of Dr. Long and 
Miss Frances Miller. 

The first physicians were Drs. Lawton and Hicks. Lawton went to 
BooneviUe, and from thence to St. Louis, where he died. Hicks died in 
Marshall, as has been often stated, in 1849, of cholera. The first attor- 
neys were Ramage, Trigg, McNutt, Shepherd, and Bryant. 

The first cemeter}' used was the burying ground of Jerry Odell, north 
and east of the main part of town. In about 1857, Col. Geo. W. Allen 
established one, now to be seen between the Chicago & Alton railroad 
depot and the business portion of town. This was used during the war, 
and here the soldiers who died at Marshall were buried. Near this is the 
place where Dr. Benson and Flannigan were shot. This ground is fast 
being occupied. Houses are being built and gardens are growing over 
the dust of those buried there, and doubtless in fifty years from this date, 
when the next history of Saline county is written, the historian shall write 
of the mammoth business enterprises carried on and the gigantic business 
houses established upon the site of the second burying ground of Mar- 
shall. 

When the public county buildings were put up Wm. Hook built the 
court house, Mr. Simmons did the iron work and "Black" Johnson the 
rock work on the first jail, a stone structure. 

The town was first incorporated in 1866. In order to take in more ter- 



520 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ritory, February 10, 1870, it was re-incorporated, or incorporated regu- 
larly. Robert S. Sandidge was the first chairman of the board of trus- 
tees, and acting mayor. The town was again incorporated as a city of 
the fourth class, March 20, 1878, and under this organization A. A. New- 
man was the first mayor, being elected in 1878. The first post-office was 
established in 1840, and John Hood was the first postmaster. The pres- 
ent town officers are: Mayor, C. T. Shannon. Aldermen — first ward, 
C. G. Page and W. D. Bush; second ward, Andrew Holmes and I. N. 
Sergeant; third ward, A. A. Newman and James Tippin. Chairman of 
the board, A. A. Newman. City Clerk, Ed. T. Orear; City Attorney, 
J. M. Yantis; City Collector, Thos. Boatright; Marshal, Sail C. Aulger; 
Street Commissioner, Peter Holmes. 

During the civil war, the place was almost constantly garrisoned by 
Federal troops, afi;er the spring of 1862. There were many outrages per- 
petrated on the citizens of both Union and secession sympathies. Two or 
three stores kept open during the struggle, but the proprietors ran great 
risk. The Federals preyed upon prominent Confederate sympathizers — 
the families of Judge Bryant, Mrs. Sheridan, Mrs. Shroyer, and others. 
The Confederates retaliated upon the households of Judge David Landon, 
William Membry, Snell, and others. The women of these families often 
had to cook and wait upon the soldiers of both sides. Many of the men 
became fugitives; of these,, the most, by far, were Confederates in sympa- 
thy. The guerrillas, upon one occasion, visited the family of Judge Lan- 
don, a union man, and, with drawn revolvers, confronted him. His wife 
believes he was only saved by her prayers. The militia hunted Judge 
Bryant and other citizens as if they had been wolves. 

Certain buildings in town, one of them the present store-house of Paddy 
Flynn, were struck by Shelby's cannon-balls, when "old Joe" cannonaded 
the place in his fight with Gen. Brown, in October, 1863. 

Since the war, Marshall has greatly improved, especially since the 
completion of the Chicago and Alton railroad, in 1868. It now has a 
population of over 3,000. It has a fine public school building, a good col- 
ored school building, and has an excellent corps of teachers. Its churches 
are mentioned elsewhere. Two large steam flouring mills, a grain eleva- 
tor, and a good variety of business houses, add greatly to the prosperity 
of the place. 

THE BANKS OF MARSHALL. 

There is a large amount of financial business transacted in the place. 
The surrounding countr}- is very wealthy, and the deposits of the three 
banks of the place are extraordinarily large. A short sketch of these 
banks is worthy to be given. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. o2l 

BANKING-HOUSE OF WOOD & HUSTON. 

This house commenced the banking business in Marshall, February 
14, 1874. The bank is, and has been from the first, owned and con- 
ducted by Will H. Wood and Joseph Huston. It commenced business 
with a capital of $20,000, which has been increased to $80,000. Business 
has gradually increased every year. The following is the official report 
of the condition of the bank, at the close of business on the 30th day of 
April, 1881: 

RESOURCES. 

Loans, undoubtedly good on personal or collateral 

security $154,232 88 

Loans and discounts, undoubtedly good on real 

estate security 53,974 00 

Overdrafts by solvent customers 1,092 49 

United States bonds on hand 51,407 95 

Other bonds and stock at their present cash market 

price 000 00 

Due from other banks, good on sight draft 69,198 30 

Real estate at present cash market value 5,000 00 

Furniture and fixtures 1,000 00 

Checks and other cash items 6,300 06 

Bills of national banks and legal tender United 

States notes 6,500 00 

Gold coin 4,800 00 

Silver, and other fractional coin and currency 1,794 90 

Exchange, maturing and matured 000 00 

Total $ 355,300 58 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital stock paid in $ 50,000 00 

Surplus funds on had 20,000 00 

Deposits subject to draft at sight 271,477 94 

Deposits subject to drafts at given dates 5,970 85 

Due other banks and bankers 375 96 

Interest and exchange 7,475 83 

Total $ 355,300 58 

THE farmers' SAVINGS BANK. 

This bank was first organized at Waverly, Lafayette county, in July, 
1870. The incorporators were Chris. Catron, G. C. Fletcher, N. Corder, 
J. Corder, D. J. Waters, P. L. Peak, T. J. Fletcher, B. F. Coftey, J. A. 
Gordon, and J. W. Goodwin. G. C. Fletcher was the first president, and 
James A. Gordon the first cashier. These gentlemen are still in their 
original positions. The bank moved to Marshall, March 1, 1879. It now 
has a paid up capital of ip50,<M;(0 and a surplus of $10,000. It has always 
paid adividend of not less than ten per cent. The following is its last 
sworn statement, at close of business on the 30th day of April, 1881: 



622 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

RESOURCES. 

Loans ^ood on personal or collateral security $143,695 75 

Loans on real estate security 34,283 05 

Overdrafts bv solvent customers 1,538 97 

United States bonds 15,000 00 

Due from other banks good on sight draft 20,352 73 

Real estate at cash value 9,496 65 

Furniture and fixtures 1,250 00 

Checks and other cash items 2,239 04 

National bank bills and United States notes 6,240 00 

Gold coin 3,360 00 

Silver and fractional currency 1,247 50 

Total $238,703 69 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital stock paid in $ 50,000 00 

Surplus 19,583 30 

Deposits subject to payment on demand 125,823 71 

Deposits subject to draft at given dates 11,749 45 

Due other banks 31,547 2 3 

Total $238,703 69 

BANKING HOUSE OF CORDELL & DUNNICA. 
The first bank in Marshall was that of Dunnica, Cordell & Co., com- 
posed of W. F. Dunnica, J. H. Cordell, and J. H. Eakin, succeeded by 
Cordell & Montague, with J. H. Cordell and E. D. Montague as partners. 
Cordell & Montague were succeeded by the Saline County Bank in 1874,, 
W. W. Field being the president, and J. H. Cordell the cashier. March 
6, 1877, the Saline County Bank wound up its business, selling its real 
estate to the Farmers' Savings, and on the same day the firm of Cordell 
& Dunnica, composed of J. H. Cordell and W. F. Dunnica began business,, 
which is still continued, with a paid-up capital of $30,000. 

Following is its last official statement at the close of business on the 30th 
day of April, 1881: 

RESOURCES. 

Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral security. . .$103,201 03 

Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real estate security 000 00 

Overdrafts by solvent customers 5,071 17 

United States Bonds on hand 3,000 Oa 

Other bonds and stock at their present cash market price. . . . 0,000 00 

Due from other banks, good on sight draft 14,677 56 

Real estate at present cash market value . 2,500 00 

Furniture and fixtures 565 00 

Checks and other cash items 11,574 90 

Bills of national banks and legal tender U. S. notes 4,844 00 

Gold coin 1,034 70 

Silver and other fractional coin and currency 673 15 

Exchange maturing and matured 324 08 

Total $147,465 5^ 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 523 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital stock paid in $20,000 00 

Surplus funds on hand 2,566 64 

Deposits subject to drafts — at sight 93,<»59 39 

Deposits subject to drafts at given dates 8,182 50 

Due other banks and bankers 23,657 06 

Total $147,465 59 

PAST CONDITION OF THE MARSHALL BANKS. 

Below is given the amounts of deposits and discounts of the three 
banks of this place, as published from time to time, and covering a period 
of a little less than two years: 

JUNE 1, 1879. 

DEPOSITS. DISCOUNTS. 

Wood & Huston $158,590.00 $ 67,393.00 

Farmers' Savings Bank 89,324.43 83,269.65 

Cordell & Dunnica 31,305.16 20,456.07 

$278,219.59 $171,113.72 

DECEMBER, 1879. 

Wood & Huston $177,500.00 $125,800.00 

Farmers' Savings Bank 103,930.54 111,398.15 

Cordell & Dunnica 51,074.02 49,877.37 

$332,504.56 $287,075.52 
JULY 3, 1880. 

Wood & Huston $251,790 00 $105,435.00 

Farmers' Savings Bank 143.069.83 115,634.10 

Cordell & Dunnica 102,985.73 37,163.27 

$497,745.56 $258,232.37 

DECEMBER 31, 1880. 

Wood & Huston $274,320.00 $195,300.00 

Farmers' Savings Bank 139,071.10 150,656.80 

Cordell & Dunnica 88,631.41 99,659.24 

$502,022.51 $445,616.04 
APRIL 30, 1881. 

Wood & Huston $277,447.00 $208,206.00 

Farmers' Savings Bank 137,573.16 177,978.70 

Cordell & Dunnica 101,241.89 103,201.03 

$516,262.05 $489,385.73 

It will be seen from these figures, which are official and correct, that 
the increase in deposits has been nearly a hundred per cent., and the in- 
crease in discounts has been little less than two hundred per cent., in a 
short space of less than two years. 



624: HISTORY OF SALIIsE COUNTY. 

OTHER BANKS OF THE COUNTY. 

The condition of the other banks of the county at the time of their 
last reports, April 30, 1881, are here given: 

MIAMI SAVINGS BANK. 

Deposits $106,3.57 

Discounts 126,969 

BANK OF SLATER. 

Deposits $130,000 

Discounts 116,326 

BROWNSVILLE SAVINGS BANK. 

Deposits • $166,109 

Discounts 165,100 

BANK OF MISSOURI, ARROW ROCK. 

Deposits $ 6-1,966 

Discounts 17,429 

THE CHURCHES OF MARSHALL. 
M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was organized in 18-12. The 
first members were Rev. John Hood and wife, Dr. John Hicks (or Hix) 
and wife, John A. Trigg, Mrs. Rebecca Trigg, Fleming H. Brown, 
Benoni Robion, and Thomas Davis. The first church building was 
erected where the Baptist Church now is, on Lafayette street, north of 
the northwest corner of the square. It was a frame. It still stands, in 
the rear of the Baptist Church, and is occupied as a dw^elling house. 
During the war and after the fight at Marshall between Shelby and 
Brown, it was used as a Confederate hospital. It was dedicated by Rev. 
T. P. Akers. The second church was the present, which was begun in 
1870. It was dedicated in October, 1876, by Bishop E. M. Marvin. The 
church is of brick, and cost, including the site, about $9,000. The pastors 
of this church were in its first days Benj. Johnson, — Jones, Wm. Prots 
man, Thomas Finney, Thomas Wallace, and others, who were "circuit 
riders." The pastors proper have been : Rev. M. G. Williams, I. C. Shack 
elford, W. F. Camp, S. M. Godby, W. M. Page, W. B. Palmore, and E. 
G. Frazier, present pastor. Present membership, about 200. 

The basement of the church building is usually rented out for school 
purposes, and is rarely used for religious exercises, which are uniformly 
conducted in the auditorium overhead; this is reached from the central 
doorway and a stairway through the vestibule, and also by way of a door 
and stairway in the tower. The choir occupies a gallery containing seats 
and a fine organ, situated over the vestibule. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 525 

CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

This church was organized in 1851, the original members being C. H. 
Hickman and wife, A. F. Bruce and wife, B. F. Downs and wife, — 
Bo wen and wife, Bettie Odell, S. Harris and wife, Mrs. Barbara Smith, 
Mrs. Georgia Bruce, and others. A frame church was built in the year 
1852, at a cost of $2,000, It was dedicated the same year by Rev. D. 
P. Henderson. It is still standing. The pastors have been Elders J. 
W. McGarvey, — Stewart, George Plattenburg, W. H. Robinson, O. 
Spencer, John Duncan, R. N. Davis, R. M. Messick. Present member- 
ship, 300. 

The original organization of this church was broken up during the 
war, and was re-organized in 1866, by Elder Geo. Plattenburg, with 
about thirty members. During the year 1880, this church, by an almost 
unanimous vote, decided that it would not tolerate the signing of dram- 
shop petitions by its members. The church, at this time, is in a flourish- 
ing condition under the charge of its present pastor. Its officers at pres- 
ent are Dr. W. S. Holland, G. C. Fletcher, Dr. M. T. Chastain, W. D. 
Woodson, elders. The deacons are W. H. Fletcher, Wm. Walker, 
Daniel Folck, and John Ooyle. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

This church, often called the Northern Methodist, was organized in 
October, 1865. The original members were D. Buie, John Hood, Jennie 
and Sallie Hood, W. A. Hulse, David Landon, F. G. Landon, and C. M. 

Landon. Services "are held in a frame church, built in at a cost of 

$3,300. The pastors have been: S. Alexander, J. R. Sasseen, W. 
Stevens, H. R. Miller (assistant), A. P. Salloway, G. T. Smiley (assistant), 
A. P. Colton, F. Oechsle, Stanford Ing, J. S. Porter, and the present pas- 
tor, John H. Gillespie. Present membership, fifty. This society was, 
for a long time, embarrassed with a heavy debt, but is free now and is in 
a fair way to reap a rich reward. 

THE OLD-SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The first organization of this church was some time prior to the year 
1846, and after 1840. Some of the first members were Stephen Smith, 
Mr. Martin, Joseph N. Laurie, and their wives, and Daniel Snoddy. The 
first preacher was Rev. Gary Hickman, and after him came Revs. — 
Reynolds, Wm. C. McPheeters, Pauling, Cambern, and Clark. The ruling 
elders were Daniel Snoddy, who died of cholera, in 1849; Joseph N. Lau- 
rie, and Thompson G. Miller. 

At first, the congregation met in the court-house, but at last Wm. B. 
Sappington gave the church a lot, and another was purchased on the 
south side of the southeast corner of the public square, being a double 
corner lot, and, in 1860, a fine frame church building, 40x90 feet in size, 



526 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and costing about $2,500, was built thereon. Although there was an 
indebtedness of about $900 on the church at the time, the church was 
dedicated the same year, by Rev. Mr. Painter, of Booneville. Rev. James 
Clark was the first pastor after the church was finished. He died in 
Iowa, in 1879. 

During the war, preaching was very irregular, and at last discontinued 
entirely, and the organization broken up. The church records were in 
the court-house when it was destroyed, by Col. Jackson's Confederates, 
in 1864, and were burned with it. At the Marshall fight, in 1863, one of 
Shelby's cannon balls passed through the church, and another struck it. 
The soldiers often used the church for sleeping quarters. 

Nezu Organization. — After the war, viz., January 11, 1869, the church 
was re-organized, by Rev. J. H. Quarles, of Lexington, Missouri. The 
original members were seventeen in number, some of whom w^ere J. H. 
Cordell, George and Sophia Rehm, Mrs. Sabina Shroyer, Mrs. Mary 
Wilson, Miss Mary Allen, Dr. and Mrs. E. S. Clarkson, and Mrs. Sallie 
A. Mack. The pastors of this church have been, since the re-organiza- 
tion, Dr. J. L. Yantis, E. M. Yantis, John Montgomery, B. H. Charles, 
A. W. Nesbitt, and L. P. Bowen. The elders, J. H. Cordell, George 
Rehm, T. G. Ehrnman, G. M. Francisco, Dr. C. L. Hall, and J. L. Wood- 
bridge. The present membership is about 125. 

In the year 1870, the congregation sold the lots and the church building 
on the southeast corner of the square, and with the proceeds, and addi- 
tional subscription, began the erection, upon another lot, of a new church 
of stone, which was finished in the spring of 1872. Its entire cost was 
about $8,000. It has not yet been dedicated, but it is expected that it 
will be in a short time. The old church is still in existence, and stands 
now south of the public square, where it has been used, until lately, as a 
school-house. The new one is the only building of the kind in the place, 
and bids fair to last for a generation, even though it now begins to wear 
an antiquated appearance, with its ancient style of architecture, its but- 
tresses, its towers, and its Gothic openings. And long may it stand, with 
all of its grandeur, and yet with all of its picturesqueness and its beauty. 

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF MARSHALL. 

The brethren and sisters of Marshall, Saline county, Missouri, met 
according to notice given at the last meeting of the Saline Association, on 
the 30th of January, 1868, with a view to be constituted into a church. 

The presbytery was composed of Rev. Wm. M. Bell, of Miami Bap- 
tist Church, Rev. J. C. Hamner, of Miami Church, Dea. N. J. Smith, of 
Miami Church, Rev. J. Kingdon, and Rev. S. W. Marsdon, D. D., of 
St. Louis, Dea. James H. Huey, of Union Church, and Rev. C. Ingham, 
of Old Path Church. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 527 

It was orj^anized by the election of Rev. Wm. M. Bell, moderator, and 
S. W. Marsdon, clerk. 

The Church Covenant and Articles of Faith were then read by Rev. 
J. C. Hamner, and adopted by the brethren and sisters. 

The following brethren and sisters then presented their church letters 
and were enrolled as original members of the church at this place: 

Rev. Israel S. Nordyke, John W. Nordyke, Elvira Nordyke, Mary E. 
Nordyke, Letitia E. Rockhold, Rebecca Willis, Robert H. Willis, Mary 
E. Willis, Mrs. E. J. Walker, Maggie L. Harris, Ove. E. Harris, Geo. 
W. Shoemate, Hannah Shoemate, Hannah J. Shoemate, Wm. W. Allen, 
Ollie Allen, Wm. A. Hazelwood, Chas. M. Hawley and Mary E. Hawley. 

Rev. J. C. Hamner was elected as first pastor; Chas. M. Hawley, 
clerk. Ove. E. Harris and Geo. W. Shoemate were elected deacons, and 
John W. Nordyke, treasurer. 

The rules of order as prepared by Rev. A. P. Williams, D. D., were 
adopted by the church. 

In January, 1872, they purchased the house and site of the M. E. 
Church, South, and in 1873 erected their new brick building at a cost of 
about $5,000, which was dedicated the same year, since which time Rev. 
Wm. M. Bell, Rev. I. B. Dotson, Rev. J. C. Hamner, and Rev. B. G. 
Tutt have been its pastors; Rev. B. G. Tutt being the present pastor, 
and one of the best in Missouri. It has a present membership of about 
175, and a Sunday-school in connection with it, which was organized 
about the time the church was organized, and has since been kept up, and 
has a present membership of 75. The church expenditures for the last 
year, (1881) were $1,170. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

St. Peter's Church was organized in the year 1869. The original 
members were Col. M. Flynn, M. Schreckler, P. Flynn, D. McGrath, 
Mrs. A. T. Harrison, A. Holmes, N. Mooney, and T. McCaffrey. A 
brick church was built in 1870, at a cost of $1,200. It was dedicated in 
June, 1871, by Rt. Rev. P. J. Ryan. The pastors have been E. Hamill 
and John T. D. Murphy, the first and present resident pastor. The pres- 
ent membership is 325, comprising persons of four nationalities. 

CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The date of the organization of this church is August 16, 1871. The 
original members were W. E., M. L., J. S., and S. J. Burke; W. M. and 
S. A. Nordyke, Mary Swisher, J. T. and H. Burke, A. M. Utz, M. Odell, 
J. R. Burke, A. C. Johnson, S. M. and S. A. Oldham, John Gilmore. A 
brick church was built in the year 1873, at a cost of $4,027.72. It was dedi- 
cated, October 12, 1873, by Rev. James Morrow. This church has had 
for pastors, Revs. W. E. Burke, S. W. McCorkle, W. H. Dofi; M. B. 



528 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Irvine, P. G. Rea, and, lastly, M. B. Irvine, who has been in charge for 
one year. Present membership, 91. This little church, because of its 
small membership, has had a hard struggle at times for existence, but has 
been true to its promises. It has just passed through a gracious revival, 
in which there were ninety professions of faith in Christ, and sixty-one 
were added to the church. It is now in good condition, and its future is 
hopeful. 

EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

Trinity Church was organized in 1872. The original members were 

E. D. Montage, Wm. Gosline, John R. Vance, Mrs. Emily Montague, 
Mrs. J. H. Cordell, Mrs. J. V. Chase, Mrs. Robt. Montague, Mrs. Mary 
Gaines, Mrs. Joseph Field, Mrs. L. Marmaduke, Mrs. Wm. R. Bruce, Dr. 
and Mrs. B. St. George Tucker. A frame church building was erected in 
1874, at a cost of :pl,900. It was dedicated the next year by Rt. Rev. C. 

F. Robertson, D. D. The present membership is seventy-two. A par- 
sonage was built in 1879. Both church and parsonage are free from debt 

COLORED CHURCHES. 

There are three colored church organizations and congregations in Mar- 
shall, one Baptist and two Methodist. All three have comfortable church 
buildings and a large membership. No reports have been received from 
the Methodist Churches, whose pastors are Revs. Tays and McDonald, 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Fairview Colored Baptist Church was organized in August, 1876. 
Some of the original members were Rev. Johnson, Commodore Miller, 
Harrison Greene, Wm. Carter, and Wilson Colder. A frame church was 
built the same year and dedicated upon the organization of the church. Its 
cost was $550. The pastors of this church have been Harrison Greene, 
Wm. Carter, Wilson Colder, John Brown, and Albert Spears. The pres- 
ent membership is 115. 

CIVIC SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC LODGE. 

Trilumina Lodge, No. 205, A. F. & A. M., received its dispensation 
October 19, A. D. 1867, A. F. 5867. Its charter was issued October 15, 
1868, A. D., and 5868 A. F. The charter members were H. D. Doak, I. 
S. Norkyke, G. F. Harrison, and others. The first officers were H. D. 
Doak, W. M.; I. S. Nordyke, S. W.; G. F. Harrison, J. W. The] present 
officers are D. D. Duggins, W. M.; J. A. Gordon, S. W.; John J. Daws, 
J. W.; Thos. Boatright, Treasurer; S. K. SeHg, Secretary; W. F. Porter, 
S. D.; A. T.|Swisher, J. D.; John R. Sparks, Tiler. The present num- 
ber of members is ninety. The lodge meets in a leased hall on the north- 
west corner of the square. Trilumina is regarded as one of the best and 
brightest working lodges in the state. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 52D 

ROYAL ARCH MASONS. 

Saline Chapter, No. 74, R. A. M., was constituted under its dispensa- 
tion May 8, 1872. It received its charter October H, 1872, and was set 
to work by Xenophon Ryland, of Lexington. The charter members were 
Adair Wilson, M. T. Chastain, H. D. Doak, F. H. Shrock, J. P. Strother, 

D. M. Sandidge, R. H. Willis, and others. The first officers were Adair 
Wilson, H. P.; M. T. Chastain, K.; H. D. Doak, E. S.; F. H. Shrock, 
C. of. H.; J. P. Strother, P. S.; D. M. Sandidge, R. A. C; R. H. Willis, G. 
M. 3d v.; W. M. Walker, G. M. 2d V.; Thos. Boatright, G. M. 1st V. 
Present officers— James A. Gordon, H. P.; W. M.Walker, K.; M. T. 
Chastain, E. S.; J. L. Woodbridge, treasurer; S. K. Selig, secretary. 
Present membership, 41. The hall is leased, and is the same occupied by 
the Blue Lodge. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Marshal Lodge, No. 159, I. O. O. F., was instituted by Elisha Ancell 
June IS, 1866. The date of its charter is May 22, 1867. The charter 
members were F. M. Sappington, B. H. Hawpe, D. P. Harrison, James 
L. Johnson and N. B. Noble. The first officers w-ere B. H. Hawpe, 
N. G.; F. M. Sappington, V. G.; James S.Johnson, per. secretary; N. B. 
Noble, rec. secretary; D. P. Harrison, treasurer. The present officers are 

E. R. Page, N. G.; Otis Caton, V. G.; W. T. Smith, rec. secretary ; John 
P. Martin, per. secretary; — Wronker, treasurer. The present number of 
members is 37. The lodge meets in a brick hall on the southeast corner 
of the public square, built in 1868, at a cost of $2,000. 

UNITED WORKMEN. 

Marshall Lodge, No. 90, A. O. U. W., was instituted in November, 
1878, by Rev. John Brooks. The charter members were: L.W.Scott, 
W. H. Fletcher, L. T. Potter, R. H. Willis, J. E. Bruce, W. D. Merrill, 
W. M. Hutcheson, M. T. Chastain, J. J. Dawes, T. B. Reed, Thomas 
Adams, B. F. Naylor, J. A. Justice, H. G. Allen, W. P. Dickinson, W. A. 
Conway, W. E. Woodson, W. M. Walker, Thomas Conway, J. W. Bry- 
ant, Jr., J. R. Cason, and others. The first officers were: W. H. Fletcher, 
P. M. W.; R. H. Willis, M. W.; L. W. Scott, G. F.; B. F. Naylor, O.; 
Chas. Chastain, guide; J. W. Bryant, R.; T. B. Reed, financier; S. T. 
Potter, recorder; M. E. Woodson, I. W.; W. Conway, O. W. The 
present officers are: W. E. Woodson, P. M. W.; M. C. Chaffee, M. W.; 

F. Hudson, G. F.; Thomas Wayland, O.; S. E. De Rackin, R.; J.J. 
Dawes, financier; S. T. Potter, recorder; J. A. Justice, I. W.: L. W. 
Scott, O. W. The present membership is thirty-one. The lodge owns 
no hall at present. 



34 



530 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

Marshall Lodge, No. 51, K. of P., was instituted by J. H. Turner, D. 
D. G. C. The date of its dispensation is February 4, 1878; of its char- 
ter, October 17, 1878. The charter members were: L. Schuman, J. W. 
Nordyke, E. K. Selig, P. H. Franklin, C. L. Hall, C. G. Patterson, and 
others. The first officers were L. Schuman, C. C; E. E. Barnum, V. C; 
C. G. Patterson, prelate; Job Harrison, M. of Ex.; C. W. Long, M. of 
K.; J. W. Nordyke, K. of R. and S.; J. B. Hicklin, M. at A. ; L. Peters, 
I. G.; W. B. Coiyer, O. G. The present officers are: J. M. Mossier, P. 
C; M. M. Bond, C. C; S. Herman, V. G.; James R. Colger, prelate; 
L. Schuman, M. of Ex.; E. K. Selig, M. of F.; J. W. Nordyke, K. of R. 
and S.; A. G. Lackey, M. at A.; J. R. Sparks, I. G.; Wm. Golladay, O. 
G. The present membership is sixty-three. 

NORTON. 

The town of Norton, located on the Chicago & Alton railroad, about 
midway between Marshall and Slater, was laid oft' by Jesse Van Winkle, 
w^ho was the owner of the land, it being the eastern part of a 500 acre 
tract, section 18, township 51, range 20, purchased by him of Dudley 
Cooper in the summer of 187S. The town and railroad grounds embrace 
eighty acres. The railroad company have built a handsome station 
house and platform, and a side-track 300 feet long. In the same year, 
1878, an elevator, with a capacity of 20,000 bushels, was built by Mr. 
John M. Woodson, of St. Louis, who is a partner with Mr. Van Winkle 
in the town enterprise. He also built a large storeroom, now occupied 
bv Van Winkle & Clarey, general merchants. One blacksmith shop, and 
residences make up the rest of the town, so far. 

As a business point, the village of Norton is backed up by a splendid 
body of farming country. Four roads branch out from it, and open com- 
munication with a grain-growing and stock-feeding region that has few 
superior's in the county. The famous 

SULPHUR SPRINGS, 
five miles northeast of Marshall, are situated but one mile from Norton, 
and will yet prove of great advantage to it. Already these springs are 
the summer resort for quite a number of invalids and pleasure-seekers. 

THE TOWN OF SHACKELFORD. 
This is one of the county's new, or " railroad towns." It was laid out 
in the fall of 1878, upon the completion of the railroad. The surveying 
into town lots was done by County Surveyor Ross. The town was laid 
out upon land belonging to Joe. Thompson & Son, James Huey, and 
Wm. Sheridan. Messrs. Rae & Page were the first to engage in 
business here. Their business was buying and shipping grain. Then 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 531 

Fl\nn & Bro. built and opened out a grocery store, followed in the same 
line of business by Armentrout & Gauldin, now Armentrout & Bro. 
Next the hotel was built; then another store house; then a saloon, now a 
drug store. 

At present there are two grocery stores, one dry goods establishment, 
a drug store, a blacksmith shop, hotel, a Baptist Church, a large grain 
house, railroad depot, and stock-yards. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

The Baptist Church, of Shackelford, was organized April 1, 1880. 
The original members were J. H. Huey, W. H. Vaughan, Emily 
Vaughn, May V. McPherson, M. E. Hatcher, Minnie Walk, Eliza J. 
Caswell, Carrie Caswell, EveHne Walk, Giles Turley, Gabriella Turley, 
Kate Huey, Emily J. Hunter, Elizabeth Cox, and D. H. Hatcher. A 
frame church building, to cost $700, is in process of erection. 



BIOGRAPHY OF AARON F. BRUCE.* 

The subject of this sketch, one of Saline's most distingushed men, 
was born in Wayne county, Kentucky, on the 12th day of July, 1807, and 
died in Saline county, Missouri, April 21st, 1866, being nearly fifty-nine 
years of age. He was a son of Wm. Bruce, a native of King George 
county, Virginia, and Sarah Bruce, his wife, whose maiden name was 
Vandever, and who was a native of Buncomb county. North Carolina. 
His father saw the army of Washington in its march to the final victory 
of the revolution at Yorktown. Both his parents lived to a green old age, 
the father being in his ninety-second, and the mother in her eighty-sixth 
year of age. The subject of this sketch was the sixth of a family of nine 
children, all of whom are now dead, except Mrs. Lavina Strother, mother 
of Hon. John P. Strother, late of Kentucky, but now of Marshall, and at 
present circuit judge of this circuit. In the year after his birth, 
his parents moved to Henry county, Kentucky, w^here they spent the 
remainder of their lives, dying in 1862, and where Aaron F. Bruce 
was reared. He w^as always industrious and energetic, even in boyhood. 
At that early day, school privileges were not abundant, and when a gram- 
mar school was started in his boyhood, in the neighborhood, his father 
told him and his brother they could attend. The brother attended, but 
Aaron told his father that if he would pay him the money that he intended 
to pay the teacher for his tuition, he would study his grammar at his 
plow-handle. This was done, and he carried his book with him into the 
field and cultivated his mind w^hile he cultivated the corn. This serves 

* This biography was not received by the printers in time to be inserted with those of 
" Distinguished Citizens of Saline County," and consequently appears here. 



532 ' HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

fitly to illustrate his indomitable will and energy. When a young man, this 
same brother persuaded him to embark in a mercantile venture in Owen- 
ton, Owen county, Kentucky, which proved financially disastrous, and 
was, in fact, entered upon in the first instance against the better judgment 
of Aaron. During this time both brothers were married, Aaron F. Bruce 
to Miss E. J. Robertson, of Woodford count}^ Kentucky. They were 
married on the 10th day of November, 1831, and Mrs. Bruce still survives 
him, after actively assisting him in his busy life, as only a true and faithful 
housewife can. But the failure at Owenton was not a conquest. Boldly 
striking out in reliance upon their energy and judgment Mr. Bruce and 
wife removed to Woodford county and started the race of life anew. Not 
satisfied with the prospect there, they sold out, and in the year 1837, 
removed to Missouri and pitched their tent on the magnificent prairie 
west of Marshall, then unbroken and blooming in virgin beauty and 
fragrant with the aroma of native fiowers. Here the}^ began anew 
the struggle for success, in which victory came as a reward to the indus- 
try and superior judgment displayed in nearly all his undertakings 
through lite. His selection of lands, of which he became the owner 
in large quantities, was one of the best ever made in this, the richest of all 
counties. 

In the year 1850, against the advice and protest of his parents, he 
joined that long and disastrous procession of pioneers, that moved across 
the continent to take possession of the golden shores of California, and 
work its precious mines. His reasons for going are best given in his own 
words. In a letter to his parents, began near Ft. Kearney, and written 
parti}' on the way and partly on his return, among other things, he says: 
" I am dyspeptic, and in rather a feeble state of health, and according to 
the advice of all the physicians, with whom I have conversed, I ought in 
justice to myself and family to take such a trip as this in order to prolong 
my life and benefit my family; and if, bye ^e b3-e, it should be the cause 
of my coming to my end in this world, it will not, in all probability, rob 
me of many days, nor take me from my dear family much sooner than 
if I had staved at home." Further on he says: "I have three wagons 
and teams of oxen and cows, two mules and one horse. The wagons 
started on the 5th day of May, ( 1850) and I started on the 7th. We 
are now on the Platte river, about sixty miles above Fort Kearney, and 
in the midst of sickness and death on all sides. The cholera has been 
among the emigrants for about eight or ten days. I have been sick for 
five or six days myself, and have got well. * The doctor said I had it 
myself." Further on, under date of June 15th, he says: "We are still 
ascending the Platte river, or I might say, we are still in the valley of 
death. The cholera has been for several weeks making sad havoc in 
this emigration. Thousands have fallen victims to its wrath, if I may 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 533 

SO speak. The graves of the dead and tents of the sick stand thick on 
the wa}', while scarcely a cheerful countenance can be seen." 

Through sickness, dangers, and death, this fearless man moved on. 
On July 5 he says: -'Yesterday was the ith of July. We took a snow- 
balling as we passed a deep bank of snow. * * Qur health has much 
improved." On the 9th of February following he arrived at home, after 
having finished the journey to California overland, and disposing of his 
property and returning on a sail-ship by way of Panama. The ship 
landed, after being at sea forty days, when he weighed and found that 
he had gained twelve pounds over his weight at home. Among other 
things he sa3-s: "Well, I have got home again, after a long and unpleas- 
ant journey. Thousands of the most robust and best constitutions have 
fallen and left their bones to bleach on the plains, or have found a grave 
in the great ocean. Thousands died on the plains of cholera." At Salt 
Lake, he says that flour was $50 per barrel; sugar, coffee and dried fruit, 
75 cents per pound. He says the road was lined with dead stock for one 
thousand miles, and that "at the great desert, which is forty miles wide 
where we crossed, I beheve had all the stock that died there been placed 
in a line, they would have reached across it — they would have touched 
each other all the way; and had the wagons left there been placed with 
their bodies end to end, the}- would have reached across it. A barrel of 
crackers would command $500. * "^ Two hungry fellows, after cross- 
ing the desert, sat down at a little brush shanty where was kept for sale 
pies, bread and meat, and they called for what they wanted, and when 
they got up their bill was $29, so said, and the writer thinks it likely." 

When he returned, his dyspepsia was gone, and no doubt he had a new 
lease of life. So he plunged again into the activities of a farmer's life, 
rejoicing at his safe return and restored health. 

On the outbreak of the late civil war he was a large slave-owner, and 
perhaps the largest hemp-grower in Saline county, his annual crop being 
from 300 to 400 acres. His sympathies were naturally with the south, 
and his wealth made him a prey to the avaricious. One day, as he was 
returning home from Marshall, a murderous detachment of militia lay in 
ambush intending to kill him, as one of them afterward confessed, but 
were prevented by the fact that he was in company with a Union man. 
Businc-ss was paralyzed by war, and, not content to, risk his life and do 
nothing at home, he left his beautiful home on Pilot Knob, four miles 
northwest of Marshall, and going to Nebraska City, embarked in a lucra- 
tive enterprise on a large scale, that of freighting for the government and 
transporting supplies across the plains to Colorado, whose silver and gold 
mines were then attracting a large emigration. In this business he 
employed many men and twelve heavy wagons and one hundred and 
twenty head of work cattle. 



534 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

In the year 1865 he returned, to find much of the fencinj^ on his large 
estate, laid waste by the jackals of war, and he set to work with char- 
acteristic energy to repair and re-build. An effort was made by vandals, 
during the war, to burn his fine mansion on Pilot Knob, but the incendi- 
aries becoming alarmed, fled in haste, leaving the family to extinguish the 
flames, after many of his valuable papers were burned. The ravages of 
war — the mental and bodily excitements and tensions, and his wanderings 
in the west, no doubt, told on his powers of life, and in the spring of 1866, 
his body fell a victim to the King of Terrors, but he gave pleasing evi- 
dence that his Christian spirit triumphed over death and entered upon a 
happier life beyond. He died the owner of about eleven thousand acres 
of Missouri's best land, and leaving much property beside, and a family 
of five children, all of whom are now living and have their homes in the 
city of Marshall, where lives also his widow, Mrs. E. J. Bruce. They 
are among our worthy citizens, enterprising, intelligent and cultivated. 
The sons are Wm. R., Sidney T. and Robert Bruce, and the daughters, 
Mrs. Georgia A. Bruce and Mrs. Mar}^ B. Marmaduke. Aaron F. Bruce 
was no ordinary man. x\lthough a farmer, persuing with unusual activity, 
the business aflairs of rural life on a large scale, he was well posted in pub- 
lic aflairs, and could readily puzzle the college man with questions in sci- 
ence and philosophy, as well as in theology. He had a fine intellect, with 
strong powers of analysis, and was deeply reflective in quiescent mo- 
ments. He was a liberal and faithful friend, a man of enterprise and pub- 
lic spirit and a kind'husband and father. If his mind had taken a turn to 
public aflairs he would have made a- conspicuous mark in the roll of dis- 
tinguished men. 



Biographical Sl^etches. 



ARROW ROCK TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM T. PATTISON, P. O., Arrow Rock. Son of Dr. John 
Pattison, who was a native of Ireland, and came to the United States and 
settled in Virginia at an early date; his mother was a native of New Eng- 
land. The subject of this sketch was born on New Year's Day, 1822, in 
Fairfield count}^, Connecticut, at which place his parents were sojourning 
at that time. While he was yet an infant, his parents returned to Monroe 
county, in what is now West Virginia, and there he grew up, and was 
educated in the county schools, and at Yale College. At the age of 
twenty-three, Mr. Pattison, with a younger brother, established the first 
printing press in Monroe county, Virginia, and later the same couple 
founded at Omaha, the first newspaper ever published in Nebraska. On 
the 31st of October, 1849, he was married to Miss Nancy B. Clark, of 
Monroe count}^, Virginia, and had six children — two of them now living, 
INIary S. and Henrietta V. In 1850, Mr. Pattison moved to this countv, 
and taught the male and female seminary in Arrow Rock for two years. 
He then bought a farm on Blackwater, and tried farming — at the same 
time continued teaching — and continued both for about eight years. He 
then moved to Marshall, and was appointed postmaster to succeed 
]\Iichael Flynn, and was also made a justice of the peace, which offices, as 
well as that of express agent, stage agent, and notary public, he held at 
one and the same time, and in addition carried on a book and news store. 
During the war, Mr. Keithly was elected county treasurer, and failed to 
give bond. The court appointed Mr. Pattison to fill the office, giving 
bond, which he did, and collected about $11,000 of revenue, when he dis- 
covered that his appointment was illegal, and resigned. In his settlement 
with the court there was a difference of ten cents, and that against him- 
self. He then engaged in the grocery business, in what was then well 
known in Marshall as the old "gun-boat" house. He remained in Mar- 
shall until 1804, when the guerrillas and militia became so dangerous to 
non-combatants that he moved his family to Canada, and remained till the 
war ended, and then returned to Saline, and settled in x\rrow Rock, 
where he now resides. He is justice of the peace, and has been for sev- 
enteen 3^ears, and notary public for many years. In I860, he took the 
United States census for Saline county. His pen was known in the old 
Marshall Democrat, and for the last seven or eight years has been con- 



536 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

nected with the Saline County Democrat. He is a well-known and witty 
w^riter, and was the author of certain famous articles in 1860, known as 
the "Book of Chronicles." He is a public-spirited gentleman, and has 
done much to develop the mineral resources of Saline. 

JUDGE STEPHEN M. THOMPSON, P. O., Arrow Rock. The 
subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson county, New York, June 3d, 
1825, and is now in his fffty-sixth year. His father, Ichabod Thompson, 
and his mother Achsah, were natives of New York, and are both now 
dead. He- was raised on his father's farm, and was educated in the 
common schools and in the Clinton Seminar}-, Oneida county, N. 
Y. After he became of age, he engaged mostly in mechanical work 
and business. In 1867 he came west, and settled in Booneville, Mo., 
and lived there a short time, and then moved to Arrow Rock, in 
this county, where he settled permanently, and engaged in the milling 
business — operating a steam flouring mill, elevator, and saw mill. In 1870 
he was elected one of the judges of the county court. He was a 
republican, but as he was never extreme, he joined the liberal wing in 
1870, and was elected for six years. While on the bench he continued to 
prosecute his milling and elevator business, and does still. On the 6th of 
February, 1850, Judge Thompson was married to Miss Cyrene L. Nor- 
ton, of Jefferson count}-, N. Y., and has three children — Alice M., Norton 
S., and Bertha C. Judge Thompson has closely identified himself with 
the interests of this councy, and while on the bench his mechanical know- 
ledge enabled him to save the county many hundreds of dollars. 

TEMPLETON C. McMAHAN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in 
Cooper county. Mo., October 10, 1830. His father, Wm. C. McMahan, a 
native of Kentucky, came to Missouri in 1810, and settled on a farm in 
Cooper county, and was killed near Brownsville, in this county, by the 
Indians, and robbed of about $2(),0(>0. 

He was raised on a farm and educated in the neighborhood schools. 
In 1850 he entered the store of his uncle Jesse McMahan, in Arrow 
Rock, and remained there as clerk for six vears. For several years 
after this he was occupied in teaching school in this and Cooper counties. 

In April, 1858, he married Miss Sarah E. Mcjilton, of Arrow Rock, 
and in 186-1 his wife died, leaving three children, two mow living: Wil- 
liam E. and Nannie. In 1861 he engaged in the commission business in 
Arrow Rock, and continued it until 1865. He then went into the stove 
and tinware business with McGuflin, which they continued until 1872, 
when he returned to the commission business. 

On the 1st of September, 1870, he was married to Miss Annie M. 
Reid of Cooper county, (now principal of the McMahan Institute), and 
has two children by this marriage, Carl Templeton and Arter Reid. 
Mr. McMahan has lived many years in Arrow Rock, and is ranked 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 537 

among the most respectable citizens of the place. He was often 
arrested during the war by the soldiers on both sides, but was never 
taken from the count}'. He lost heavily bv the war. 

WILLIAM M. TYLER, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Cooper 
county, Missiouri, October, 1(», 1852. His father, VVm. D. Tyler, was a 
native of Virginia, but came to Missouri at an early day, and settled on 
a farm in Cooper county, where the subject of this sketch was raised, 
and educated in the country schools, and at Booneville. His mother was 
a native of Missouri. At the age of twenty-one he came to Arrow Rock, 
in this county, and engaged in the drug business, which he continued 
for several years, and then went into the grocery and produce business. 
Most of Mr. Tyler's business life has so far been spent in Arrow Rock, 
where he has many friends and a lucrative trade, obtained by fair and 
honest dealing. On the 8th of October, 1870, he was united in marriage 
to Miss M. P. Reid, of Cooper county. He is justly ranked among the 
leading business men of Arrow Rock. 

SAMUEL C. McCLEAN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Dear- 
born county, Indiana, August 31, 1848. His father was a native of Ken- 
tucky, but moved to Indiana, and settled on a farm, where the subject of 
this sketch was born and raised to the age of sixteen. He then went to 
Owensville, Kentucky, and served an apprenticeship at the saddler 
trade, and then engaged in journey-work until 1871, when he left Ken- 
tucky and came to Missouri and located at Kirksville, in Adair county, 
and remained there seven years in the saddlery and harness business. In 
1878 he left Kirksville and located in Arrow Rock, in this county, where 
he now is ; and as he is the only saddler in Arrow Rock, he has a large 
trade, which he deserves, as he is a good workman, and deals honestly 
and squarely by his patrons. On the 8th of May, 1869, he was married 
to Miss Mary E. Richart, of Bath county, Kentucky, and has had five 
children, of whom only one, Charles Howe, is now living. 

PLEASANT I. DAVIS, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Kentucky, 
March 18, 1816. When he was but three weeks old, his father came to 
Missouri and settled in Howard county. There he w^as raised, and 
received such education as the country schools afforded. His father was 
a native oi Virginia, but came to Kentucky when thirty-two 3-ears of 
age, and married in that state. His parents both died in Howard county, 
where they lived for thirty years. Mr. Davis w^as engaged in farming 
until 1841. He then went to Caldwell county, Missouri, where he remained 
about 8 years, engaged in farming. When the war broke out, Mr. Davis 
entered the Confederate army under Gen. Sterling Price, and was in the 
battles of Wilson Creek, Pea Ridge, Carthage, Cane Creek and Little 
Rock. He was under Shelby for about two years, served through- 
out the war. After the war, in the spring of 1866, he came to Arrow 



538 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Rock, where he has since been engaged in the livery business, and has a 
first-class business. At- twenty-one years of age he was married to Miss 
Berthilda Duncan, of Howard county, Missouri; has four children; Sarah 
L., Wade Hampton, Lena and Thomas. 

ANDREW BROWNLEE, P. O., Arrow Rock. The subject of this 
sketch is a native of Augusta county, Virginia, where he was born October 
15, 1796. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, but moved at an early 
day to Virginia. In 1825, Mr. Brownlee moved to this county, where he 
worked at the carpenter's trade a number of years. He had learned his 
trade in Virginia. He built the first house ever erected in Arrow Rock, 
a log house of tw^o rooms — this was in the spring of 1830. In 1831 he 
purchased 160 acres of land, and in 1832 went to farming. He has lived 
on his farm, combining farming with his trade — his brother living with 
him, and running the farm. On the 9th of July, 1829, Mr. Brownlee was 
married to Miss Betsey Hall of this county, and has had ten children, of 
whom six are living — Mary Jane (Fenwick), Eliza (Reynolds), Florence 
(Herndon) Darwin, Sarah, Justin (Jones). In 187-1:, Mrs. Brownlee died 
in Arrow Rock. Mr. Brownlee is one of the oldest citizens of Saline 
county, and has the esteem of all who know him. 

JACOB BINGHAM, P. O., Arrow Rock. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, February 20, 1820. His par- 
ents, John and Mary Bingham, were natives also of Rockingham county, 
Virginia, and moved to Missouri in 1825, and settled in this county on the 
farm where Jacob now lives, adjoining the town of x^rrow Rock, and 
where the old people lived until their deaths. His father died November 
5, 1838, and his mother June 25, 1863. Mr. Bingham purchased the farm 
on the death of his parents, and has added to it 200 acres. The farm is 
an excellent one, finely improved, and very valuable. Mr. Bingham is 
one of the first settlers in this locality and has seen it advance from un- 
claimed wilderness until it has been made to blossom as the rose. His 
father, with Burton Lawless, donated the land on which Arrow Rock is 
built. He was but five years old when his father came to Missouri. He 
has been a successful farmer, as his farm improvements abundantly testify. 

JAMES A. WEST, P. O., Arrow Rock. The subject of this sketch 
is a native of Tennessee, where he was born. May 20, 1820. His pa- 
rents, Jesse and Susan West, were natives of Virginia, moving to Ten- 
nessee at an early day, and settled in the eastern part of the State. His 
mother still lives, and resides with him. In 1837 his parents moved to 
Missouri, and settled in this county, where he went to work on his father's 
farm. He has worked hard during his life, and has made a competence, 
and is prepared to live easy the rest of his life. In 1849 he moved to Ar- 
row Rock and located there, and engaged in the livery business, which he 
continued to conduct for twenty-five years, and for nine years had charge 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 531^ 

of the mail route from Booneville to Marshall — the chief route from the 
east. He is known throughout the count}-, and is esteemed as an honor- 
able and upright man. In isTO he bought the farm on which he now 
lives. Mr. West was married on the 19th of November, 1844, to Miss 
Ellen Hukill, of this county, a native of Fayette county, Kentucky. 
They have eight children: Jesse, Stephen G., Susan, James, John, Emma, 
Mitchell and Sallie.* 

JOHN B. TOWNSEND, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. Townsend was 
born in Cooper county. Mo., February 20, 1821. His father moved from 
South Carolina to Kentucky at an early da}^, and remained there about 
three years, and then moved to Cooper county. Mo., near the Saline 
county line. Here John B. was born and raised on the farm, and was 
educated in the neighborhood schools. In 1849 he moved to this county 
and settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. Townsend married at 
the age of fony-five. On the 20th of September, 1866, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Eliza Dysart. They have five living children : Lena 
F., John E., Robert Lester, Susan P., Anna Louisa. Mr. Townsend is 
an old settler of Saline county, and a worth}' citizen, who pays his taxes, 
lives honorably, hurts nobody, aqd renders to every man his due. 

JEREMIAH JOHNSON, F.' O., Arrow Rock. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Howard county, Missouri, March 11, 1820, and there 
are few men living in Saline county who were born in Missouri, and are 
as old as he. His parents, Dabney and Elizabeth Johnson, were natives 
of Virginia, and moved to Missouri in 1815, and settled in Howard 
county. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in 1835. 
His mother died in 1860, at a very advanced age. When Mr. Johnson 
was four years old his tather moved to Jackson county, and engaged in 
farming. He was raised there on the farm, and educated in the country 
schools. In 1837 he went to the Platte purchase, and lived in Platte 
county twenty-seven years, farming. In 1856-7 he went to Kansas, then 
returned to Platte. In 1865 he moved to Illinois, lived there two years, 
and then returned to Missouri, and settled in Saline county, near Arrow 
Rock, where he has since resided, engaged in farming, which he has fol- 
lowed all his life, up to one year ago, when he moved to Arrow Rock, Feb- 
ruarv, 1880, where he is now living. In 1839 Mr. Johnson w^as married to 
Miss Amanda Simpson, of Platte township, who was a native of Tennessee. 
They have had six children, of whom only two, Dabney and Benton, are 
now living, and these two are twins. Mrs. Johnson died on the 27th of 
Julv, 1880. Mr. Johnson is honored and respected by all who know him, 
and is marshal of the town of Arrow Rock/ 

WILLIAM DAVIS, P. O., Marshall. Was born m Augusta county. 
Virginia, May 21, 1821. When he was still quite young, his parents 
moved to Howard county, Missouri, where he was raised aud educated. 



540 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

At the age of 21, he studied law with Judge Napton, stud3'ing at home, 
and the judge examining him two or three times a week. At the age of 23, 
he was admitted to the bar in Marshall, and practiced his profession in 
this county for about five years. February 1, 18-44, he was married to 
Miss Nancy H. Brown, daughter of Judge Bernis Brown. They had 
seven children, of whom six are living — Bernis B., Wyclifi^, Walton, Mrs. 
Mary J. Harvey, Mrs. Willie Odell, and Mrs. l^izzie M. Gregory. 
William Davis and his wife were divorced in 1864, Mrs. Davis bringing 
the suit, habitual drunkenness being the alleged cause of action. Mrs. 
Davis and her children are living- on a fine farm of 200 acres of choice 
land. Her father came to Missouri in 1828, and settled in Saline on what 
is now known as the E. W. Brown farm. He was a practical surveyor. 
For several years he was county surveyor, and laid off the town of Mar- 
shall. 

V N. H. LEWIS, farmer, P. O., Napton. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, in 1827, moved to Missouri, 
with his father's family, in 1834, and was reared in Cooper county. 
In 1846 he enlisted in the 1st Missouri Mounted Volunteers, and under 
Col. Doniphan, accompanied the regiment to Chihuahua, and was en- 
gaged in the battles of Bracito and Sacramento, and assisted in taking 
the first piece of artillery captured at the Bracito. In the spring of 1849, 
Mr. Lewis went to California across the Plains, taking three months to 
make the trip. He mined for two years, and then returned home, and 
concluded to settle down. In the spring of 1852, he was married to Miss 
Lucy Thompson, of Cooper county, and lived in Cooper until the spring 
of 1860, when he moved to Saline. They have had four children, two of 
whom are living. When the war broke out Mr. Lewis was a constitu- 
tional Union man, and refused a colonel's commission under Gen. Par- 
sons, with whom he had formerly served in the Mexican war. The 
pressure of events was too much for him, however, and he started south 
with Robertson's regiment of recruits, and was captured at Blackwater, 
imprisoned at St. Louis, and then at Alton, where the provost marshal 
took the oath for him (?) and he came home. Mr. Lewis is a member of 
the Baptiot Church, of Arrow Rock, and is a member of the Grange. 

DR. W. G. FISHER, physician and surgeon, P. O., Napton. Dr. Fisher 
was born at Napton, (then Jonesboro) in Saline county, February 10, 1845. 
His parents were from Virginia, and his father died of cholera in 1854, 
contracted while in St. Louis, purchasing machinery for a mill to be 
erected at Jonesboro. Dr. Fisher was educated at the Kemper high 
school, in Booneville, and graduated at the St. Louis Medical College, in 
1866. Since then he has practiced his profession at Jonesboro (now Nap- 
ton) in this county. He was married November 16, 1870, to Miss 



HISTORY OF SVLI.NE COUNTY. 541 

Mary Field, dau<,rhter of Col. Joseph Field, of this county. They 
have three children: William Field, Mabel Evangeline and Nadine, all 
living. Dr. Fisher is the only physician at Napton, and has a large and 
paving practice. 

PHILIP LEININGER, farmer and blacksmith, P. O. Napton. Mr. 
Leninger was born in Landshutt, Germany, in the year 1836. Ran away 
from home and came to America in 1856, and in 1857 located at Jonesboro, 
Saline county, Missouri, where he has lived ever since, running the only 
blacksmith's shop in Jonesboro (now Napton). In 1862, he and C. Q. 
Lewis, built at Jonesboro, a steam mill of two run of stone, and two card- 
ing machines, and also a saw-mill in connection, which they operated for 
seven years, when the whole was destroyed by fire. In December, 1861, 
being a southern man in sentiment, Mr. Leininger joined the Confederate 
recruits from Saline, under Robertson, and with them was captured at 
Blackwater, December 19, 1861, and was taken wnth the rest of the pris- 
oners, first to St. Louis, then to the Alton penitentiary. In the spring of 
1862 was released on oath, and returned home to Jonesboro. Mr. 
Leininger is an old bachelor, and by his own unaided eftbrts has made all 
he has — quite a large estate. 

WILLIAM H. MORRIS, P. O., Napton. Is a merchant, and owns 
the only store in the town of Jonesboro, and was born in Moniteau county, 
Missouri, in 1851; lived there until 1864. Since then he has been engaged 
in farming and school teaching in this county, until a short time ago, 
when he went into business in Jonesboro, with a good stock of general 
merchandise. In 1873, he married Miss Gertrude Springer, daughter of 
John Springer, of Pettis county, and has three children —Oliver L., Car- 
rie M., and Mabel C. Mr. Morris is a member of the Zoar Baptist 
Church. He has only recently entered the mercantile business, but keeps 
a first-class country assortment. 

GEORGE W. GILMER, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Greene 
county, Kentuck3\ April 23, 1832. He was about two years old when 
his father, John Gilmer, moved with his family to Saline county. He was 
raised on a farm, educated in the common schools. In 1850, he had a 
severe attack of the " gold fever," which carried him off to California, 
where he remained for six months, meeting with success in mining. 
Returning home in 1861,.he enlisted in the Confederate army, Gen. Price's 
command, Capt. Brown's company, Marmaduke's regiment. In 1862, he 
was transferred to Gen. Armstrong's command, east of the Mississippi 
river. He participated in the following battles: Booneville, Springfield, 
Wilson Creek, Carthage, Dry Wood, Lexington, Cove Creek, Pea Ridge, 
Corinth, Jackson, Bolivar, Holly Springs. Afterwards he was with Gen. 
Forrest when he engaged in the battle of For* Pillow, where he was 
wounded in the leg with a minnie ball, which laid him up for six weeks. 



54r2 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

He was wounded the second time, in the shoulder, at a battle which 
occurred on the Mobile & Ohio railroad, at Guntown. After this he was 
promoted to the rank of third lieutenant, in which capacity he served till 
the close of the war, coming home with a good record. In 1873, he 
bought the farm, of 120 acres, upon which he now resides. 

CHAS. H. BRADFORD, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Napton. Born 
in Arrow Rock, Saline county, June 13, 1815. He is the second child of C. 
M. Bradford. His early education was obtained in Arrow Rock. In 18-58 
he went to the St. Louis University, spending two years there. At 
St. John's College, Fordham, Westchester county, N. Y., he spent two 
3'ears, being obliged to leave the latter place on account of the sickness 
of his father. In 1863 he went to Poughkeepsie,N. Y., where he spent one 
year at the Mill. Institute, completing his educanon. Returning home, he 
settled upon a farm near Arrow Rock, where he resided for eleven years. 
In 1878 he removed to the farm where he now resides, situated eight 
miles west of Arrov/ Rock. His farm consists of 120 acres of very fine, 
tillable land. He was married to Susan L. Smith, daughter of Thos. 
Smith, a native of Cooper county. They have three children, two boys 
and a girl: Charlie E., Thomas G., and Helen L. 

SAMUEL H. KENNEDY, farmer and miller, P. O. Napton. 
Born in Davidson county, North Carolina, in September -1, 1828. His 
father, Bryson Kennedy, was a native of South Carolina. He married 
Lydia Teague, by whom he had seven children, five now living, all boN's: 
A. J., Moses E., Joseph, Jacob and Samuel. Bryson came to Saline 
county in the fall of 1865 and died in July, 1869. He was buried at Jones- 
boro. His wife died during the war and was buried in North Carolina. 
Samuel H., the second child, was educated at Salem, North Carolina, in 
the common schools and also at the high school. In 1850 he came to 
Lafayette count}-, Missouri, and settled at Lexington, where he engaged 
in milling. He did a flourishing business, his patronage extending within 
a radius of fifty miles. In February, 1852, he was married to Rebecca 
A. Wilburn, a native of Indiana, and a daughter of Philip Wilburn, Esq. 
They have eight children, five boys and three girls, all living: Alonzo, 
Wilham, Samuel H., Jr., Stonewall, Leslie H., Emma Crutches, Kate 
Thorpe and Annie. His first wife died in March, 1866, and was buried at 
Jonesboro. He afterward married Mrs. M. Hicks, widow of Dr. Hicks, 
of "Kentucky. They have two children, one boy and one girl: Percy 
and MoUie. In 1857 he moved to Saline county, where he was engaged 
in milling for three years. He afterwards turned his attention to farming 
and stock-raising, and has continued in the same business up to the pres- 
ent time. He is a member of the Baptist church, at Zoar. 

JOHN S. STAPLES, P. O., Arrow Rock, stock raiser and farmer. 
Born in Henrv count v Virginia, December 4, 1828. At the age of eleven 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 543 

years, came to Saline county, Missouri, with his father, James Staples. 
He was educated in the commercial schools of said county. In 1S«!1, he 
enlisted in the Confederate army, under Gen. Price, in Capt. VVm. 
Brown's company, Col. Bob Woods' regiment, Gen. Shelby's division. 
He participated in the following battles: Booneville, Lexington, and Dry 
Wood. At the end of six months he came home. In 1^04, he re-en- 
listed under Gen. Price, in Capt. Thos. Woodson's company. Col. Bob 
Woods' battalion, where he served until the end of the war. On the 31st 
of October, lS^i,5, he was married to Martha C. Lakin, a native of Cooper 
county, and daughter of Thos. Lakin, who was killed by the militia. 
Their union was blessed with three children, two of whom are now 
living: Wm. C, and John Henr}-. He is the possessor of a fine farm 
of 200 acres, which was given him by his father, and upon which he has 
resided since 1S66. 

JAMES K. STAPLES, farmer, P. O., Arrow Rock. Born in Cooper 
county, February 26, 184.5. His uncle, James Staples, was a native of 
Virginia, and came to Missouri in 1839. In 1840, came to Saline county, 
where he entered the tract of land where he and his nephew now reside. 
James K.'s father, Joseph, was a native of Henry county, Virginia. He 
was married to EHzabeth A. Poindexter, December 21, 1825. They 
became the parents of seven children, six of w^hom are now living. He 
brought his family to Cooper county, Missouri, in 1835. Joseph Staples 
died May 28, 1859. His wife died February 27, 1863. Both lie buried 
in Cooper county. James K., the sixth child, was educated in the com- 
mon schools of Cooper county. In October, 1864, he enHsted in the Con- 
federate army under Gen. Price, in Capt. Pool's compan}-. Afterward he 
was transferred to Capt. Woodson's compan}-, Gen. Shelby's division, 
Col. Wood's batalion. He served until the close of the war. November 
12, 1867, he was married to his cousin, Ruth Staples, daughter of James 
Staples. They have two children, both living, Alonzo and James Joseph. 
In the }-ear of his marriage he moved to Saline county, where he now 
resides. 

JAMES THORNTON, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Arrow Rock. 
Born in Howard county, Missouri, March 13, 1827. His father, Peter 
Thornton, was born in Virginia, 1779. He married for his first wife 
Mary Miller, January 20, 1802, by whom he had five children, all 
deceased. He moved to Howard county, and mawied Elizabeth Sn^'der, 
September 16, 1824. They had one child, James. Peter Thornton 
moved to Saline county in 1830, and settled on the farm where his son 
James now resides. His wife died July 6, 1857, and he followed her Feb- 
ruary 5, I860. They are both buried on the home place. James, the 
only child, was educated in the common schools of Saline count}-. He 
was first married to Amanda M. Bridgewater, November 21, 1844. They 



544 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

had five children, three of whom are now living, two bovs and one 
girl: William D., Emma E. Crockett and James C His first wife died 
May 26, 1863, and was buried in the family grave3'ard. He was married 
again August 1, 1865, to Eliza E. Talbott, daughter of Rev. N. M. Tal- 
bott. They have six children, all living, three boys and three girls: 
Susan J., Frances E,, Nathaniel P., Luraney D., Edward F. and Henry 
B. He owns 300 acres of splendid land. Is engaged in farming and 
stock-raising. In 1864, he enlisted as private in the Confederate army, 
under Gen. Price, in Capt. Divers' company. Col. Wood's battalion. Gen. 
Shelby's division. Was in the following battles: Lexington, Blues, 
Independence, Newtonia and Little Osage, where Gen. Marmaduke was 
captured. In the battle of Independence he had a very narrow escape. 
He was ordered to dismount and advance ten paces to the front. His 
regiment was ordered to form on him. Just then the enemy made a 
flank movement, and his colonel ordered the regiment to retreat. Mr. 
Thornton, with two of his comrades, did not hear the order, and when 
the regiment fell back, they were left alone to receive the fire of 300 Fed- 
erals. They, however, miraculously escaped without a scratch. In the 
fall of 1872, he was elected county assessor of Saline county. In 1874, he 
was re-elected, serving two terms with credit to himself and his county. 
He has been an honored member of the Baptist Church since the age of 
twelve years. 

CHARLES S. FETTERS, coal miner, P. O., Arrow Rock. Born 
in Clinton county, Ohio, August 24, 1850. Came to Sahne county in 
1875. Was married to Martha Harrel, a native of Kentucky, in March, 
1878. He discovered the celebrated cannel coal on the farm of W. B. 
Sappington. It is a fine vein of nineteen feet in thickness. The bitu- 
minous coal underlying it is forty feet in depth. He is now working a 
bituminous vein in the north part of section 8, township 49, range 19, the 
thickness of which is about eight feet. 

HENRY CROUCH, brick-mason and farmer, P. O., Arrow Rock. 
Born in county of Kent, England, August S, 1839. His father, Edward 
Crouch, was was born in England, 1800. Was married to Jane Brisley. 
They had five children, three bo3'S and two grls, all living: John, Henry, 
William, Annie, and Jane. Edward Crouch still lives in England. His 
wife died December 23, 1880, and was buried in the county of Kent. 
Henry the second son, was educated in the common schools. Was 
married to Mary A. Leach, a native of England, June 9, 1860. They 
have four children, all living, three girls and one boy: Agnes, Ellen, 
Edith, and Bernard. In 1871, Ma}' 15, he landed at New York. 
He came to Saline City, Saline county, Missouri, July 12th, 1871, where 
he followed his trade for two years. In 1879 he bought the farm where 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 545 

he now resides, ten miles east of Marshall. He is energetic and indus- 
trious, and is gradually accumulating a handsome property. 

EDWIN CROCKETT, P. O., Marshall. Born in Rockland, Maine, 
February 20, 1829. His father, James Crockett, was born in Maine, 
April 9, 1798. On the l<»th of January, 1822, he was married to Mary 
Haskell, a daughter of an old revolutionary soldier. They had eleven 
children, six of whom are now living, four girls and two boys: Edwin, 
Edward, Annie, Amanda, Celia, Marian E. About the year 1831, James 
Crockett moved with his family to Seneca county, Ohio, where he died in 
the autumn of 1873. His wife died in the spring of the same year. Both 
lie buried in said county. During his earl}^ life, he followed the sea. 
While living in Ohio, he engaged in agricultural pursuits. Edwin 
Crockett, the fifth child, was raised on a farm. During youth, he attended 
the common schools. At an early age he graduated at an academy in 
the town of Republic, Thomas Harvey, principal. At the age of 23, he 
had a severe attack of the "gold fever," which carried him off to Cali- 
fornia, overland route, where he remained six years, engaged in mining. 
W^hile here he was moderately successful. From here he went to Frazer 
river. Dominion of Canada, where he remained two years, mining. Next 
we find him on the border, mining and trading during one summer. 
From here he went to Washington territor}^ where he lived for six 
months during the winter of 1860-61, engaged in splitting rails. He next 
went to Idaho, being among the first to enter that territory. With four 
others, he invested $7,000 in a mine, which yielded them $23,0<m», a 
handsome profit. He then went back to Ohio. On the 26th of May, 
1862, he was married to Miss Jessie, daughter of Thomas Reed, a Scotch- 
man, from the county of Ayr. They have a family of seven children, ail 
living, five boys and two girls: Thomas, Josiah, James, Edward, Charles, 
.Marion, and Mary. In 1863, he volunteered as a private in compan}- G, 
65th New York infantry. He was engaged in the following battles: Wil- 
derness, in the eight days' fight, beginning there and ending at Spottsyl- 
vania; Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Washington, Shenandoah Valley. He 
was wounded at Cedar creek, and was taken to the hospital at York, 
where he remained six months. He returned to the service in time to 
engage in the battle of Richmond, after which he returned home. He 
lived in Henry county, Ohio, engaged in farming, until February, 1880, 
when he moved to Saline county, Missouri, and settled on the farm where 
he now resides, nine miles east of Marshall, on the Arrow Rock road. 
His farm consists of 226 acres of very fine land. 

ELIHU GREEN, farmer, P. O. Marshall. Born in Howard county, 
Missouri, September 16, 1828. His father, Samuel H., was a native of 
Estelle county, Kentucky, born in 1797. He married Elizabeth McKin- 

35 



546 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ney, by whom he had ten children, eight of whom are now living. He 
came to Saline county at an early day, and settled on a tract of land 
about one and one-fourth miles west of Arrow Rock, now known as the 
" Green farm." He died in 1871 and was buried at the Arrow Rock 
cemetery. His wife is still living. Elihu, the second son, was educated 
in Saline county, at the public schools. In 1849 he was married to 
Emily C. Rumins. They became parents of ten children, nine of whom 
are now living six sons and three daughters: John H., Samuel H., 
Stephen E., Elihu H., Abram E., Thomas W., Susan Elizabeth, Wilmoth 
Ann, Elna J. His wife died in 1877 and was buried at Napton. In 
1851 he purchased a farm, lying about eight miles west of Arrow Rock, 
and consisting of eighty acres of very fine farming land, which by pru- 
dence and good management he has since increased to 103. In 1862 he 
enlisted in Captain Bingham's company. Seventy-first regiment, E. M. 
M. In 1864 he was discharged on account of disability. 

CYRUS A. KIRTLEY, farmer and justice of the peace, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Born in Livingston county, Missouri, August 22, 1841. His 
father, Asa F., was a native of Kentucky. Came to Saline county in 1839. 
In 1840 he moved to Livingston county, where he remained until 1867, 
moving from there to Lafayette county. His first wife was Miss Mary B. 
Rogers, by whom he had eight sons, six now living. His wnfe died Feb- 
ruary 24, 1854. In 1857 he married Mrs. M. Herndon, by whom he had 
three children, two of whom are living. C. A. Kirtley, the fourth child 
by his father's first wife, completed his education at Carrollton Seminar}', 
in 1858. In 1861 he came to Saline county. May 28th, he enlisted in 
Captain Crew's company, Missouri State Guard. While in this service 
he was in the following battles: Booneville, Carthage, Wilson Creek, 
Dry Wood and Lexington. In I^ovember he enlisted for three years or 
the war. He entered Captain G, R. Kirtley's compan}-, Jo Shelby's regi-- 
ment, under Gen. Marmaduke. He participated in all of the battles in 
which his command was engaged. He was wounded twice and captured 
at Linn Prairie. He killed his guard with a secreted derringer and suc- 
ceeded in making his escape. At the close of the war he returned to Sa- 
line county. October 24, 1866, he married Mattie A. Huey, a native of 
Boone county, Kentucky. They have had seven children, five of whom 
are now living, two sons and three daughters: Russell A., Mary K., Mat- 
tie C, Nora C. and Robert L. From 1866 to 1872 he was engaged in farm- 
ing and milling. In 1876 he bought the farm on which he now resides, 
consisting of 200 acres of raw prairie, which, under his skillful manage- 
ment, has become one of the finest farms in the county. During the 
years of 1877, '78, '79 and '80, he sold produce to the amount of $6,299; 
raised and marketed at an expense of $1,100, realizing a handsome profit 
of over $5,000. In 1878 he was elected justice of the peace for Arrow 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 54-7 

Rock township, which office he still holds. Sixty-seven different cases 
have been brought before hin:i, and in none of them has there been an 
appeal from his decision. Since ISoS he has been a member of the Baptist 
church. 

.^JOHN SWINNEY, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Bedford 
county, Virginia, January 28, 1816. His father, William Swinney, was 
born in Buckingham county, Virginia, and was married to Sarah John- 
son, also a native of Virginia. They had three children, two girls and 
one boy, only one of them living now: John. William moved to Wilson 
county, Tennessee, with his family, engaged in raising tobacco, and died 
August 29, 1855. John lived in Tennessee until, 1838, w^hen he moved to 
Posey county, Indiana. In 1857, he was married to Celia Hambleton, 
■who died and was buried in Posey county in 1840. In October, 1846, he 
married Miss Maria French, a native of Indiana. Her father w^as born in 
Hopkins county, Kentucky, and was one of the first settlers of Indiana. 
John Swinney and his second wife have had twelve children, ten of them 
now living: Wm. D., John T., Lardner C, Loyd E., James T., Lenora, 
Mary Senter, Emma, Esther Morris, and Ann. Mr. Swinney lived fifteen 
years in Indiana, and in 1856 moved to Polk county, Missouri, but not 
liking that county, he moved to Chariton county, and lived there about 
eight years, tobacco farming. In the spring of 1865, he moved to Illinois, 
and lived there twelve years, and then purchased the farm in this county, 
on which he now resides, containing 152 acres of excellent tobacco land. 
ROBERT EMMETT BEAZLEY, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. R. 
Beazley was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, March 5, 1834. His 
father, Charles Beazley, w^as a native of the same county, and was mar- 
ried to Lucy Randall, also a native of Virginia. They have had eight 
children, five now living: Mrs. M. E. Sidenstriker, Mrs. Sarah J. Levy, 
Mrs. C. Clemmens, Mrs. Martha Harris, and Robert E. In 1842 he 
moved from Virginia west, and settled in Saline county, in what is at 
present Liberty township. He then purchased a farm near Arrow 
Rock, and there settled. In June, 1862 he died, and was buried at the 
Arrow Rock cemetery. In 1838 his wife died and was buried in Mr- 
ginia. Robert E., the eldest son, was raised and educated as a farmer 
in Saline county. September, 1861, he was married to Lucy Fenwick, a 
native of Cooper county. They have had ten children, six of them now 
living: Minnie, Pettis, Maud, Nellie, Jesse, and Emmet. While con- 
fined wdth a spell of pleurisy, one night in 1860, he got out of bed and 
(unconscious of the act) left the house, and w^andered off several miles. 
The weather was so cold that his feet were frozen, and had to be ampu- 
tated. In 1861 he went to Texas, and stayed there until 1865, teaming. 
After the w^ar he came home, and lived on his farm near Arrow Rock. 
In 1880 he ran for constable of Arrow Rock township, and the election 



548 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

was a tie. The election was held over, and Mr. Beazley received a 
unanimous vote, his opponent refusing to run against him. 

PETER J. HILLEN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Prussia, 
September 19, 1849. His father, Franz J. Hillen, was a native of the 
same place, and was married to Miss Dorodea Lower, also born and 
raised at the same place. They had eight children, six of them now 
living: Franz J., Nicholas, Jacob, Philip, Peter and Margaret. Franz» 
Jr., and his wife are still living in the old country. Peter was raised and 
educated in Prussia. Want of health exempted him from military service 
and in December, 1870 he left the "Faderland " for the United States and 
landed in New York in the Christmas holidays. In his early life he 
had learned the shoemaker and butcher trades. Early in January, 1872^ 
he came to Arrow Rock in Saline county, and did every sort of work to 
make a livingr. As soon as he could he went to butchering in Arrow 
Rock for about six months, and then in the saloon business for about the 
same time. He then went to butchering again, farming and selling ice, at 
which occupation he is now engaged. May 18, 1872, he was married 
to Barbara Alflen, of Germany. They had five children, four of whom 
are now married: Peter J., Dorodea, Horace and Gertrude. They are 
both members of the Catholic Church. 

WM. McJILTON, P. O. Arrow Rock. Born November 6, 1813, in 
Maryland, where he was raised and educated, and came to this county in 1830. 
He was a carpenter by tmde. In 1839 he was married to Miss Rachel Hus- 
ton, daughter of Jos, Huston, a native of this county. Rachel was born Feb- 
ruary 18, 1822. Her father, Joseph Huston, was born in Augusta county, 
Virginia. He came to Saline at a very early day, and before he came he 
married Sarah Brownlee. After her death, he married the widow 
Lalliss, of Saline. He died in 1862, and was buried in the Arrow Rock 
cemetery, as also, his second wife. He had five children by his first wife^ 
of which tHree are now living: Mrs. McGoffin, Mrs. N. Huston, and 
Mrs. Mcjilton. By his second wife he had five children, two now living — 
Joseph and Samuel. In 1839, the marriage between Rachel Huston and 
William Mcjilton took place, of which union there were born seven chil- 
dren, two of whom are living: Mary Emma and Charles. When he first 
came to Arrow Rock, he followed the milling business, with Samuel 
Huston. He died, and was buried in the Arrow Rock cemetery. After 
her husband's death, she continued to reside in Arrow Rock to the present 
time. In 1876, she commenced keeping the Arrow Rock hotel, where 
she does a good business. 

WILLIAM R. RHOADES, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Saline 
county, April 16, 1853, where he was raised. His father. Judge George 
Rhoades, was born in Virginia. He was first married to Miss Hawkins, 
a native of Virginia, also. They had four children, only one of whom is 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 54-9 

now living— Rev. Richard Rhoades. After the death of his first wife he 
married Jane Hall, also a native of Virginia. The}- have had nine chil- 
dren, all now living— five sons and four daughters: WiUiam Rufus, M. 
M., George, Jr., John T., Ethel L., Henrietta Gilliam, Miriam Mead, 
Mary Mead, and Hattie. In 1820, Judge Rhoades came to Saline 
county, and settled in Jefierson township, where he now lives. William 
Rufus, the fourth son of his father's second wife, was educated at William 
Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri, afterward, in 1873, attending the school 
of Pharmacy, in St. Louis. Returning home, he entered the drug busi- 
ness, at Arrow Rock, where he has since continued, and is doing a 
prosperous business. January 3, 1878, he was married to Miss C. J. 
Bowers, born in this county, and a daughter of Dr. G. H. Bowers, a 
prominent physician of Saline. They have two children : Zeta A. and 
Marcus Rufus. 

ELLAS SHANNON, Sr., P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Scott 
count}-, Kentucky, September S, 1802. His father, E. Shannon, was also 
a native of Kentucky; married Nancy Shannon, a native of Woodford 
county, Kentucky He died and was buried in Woodford county, as 
also his wife. They had six children, only one, Elias, now living, who 
was the youngest, and raised and educated in Henry county, Kentucky. 
In 1824, he was married to Jane Shannon, a native of Woodford county. 
They had ten children, six of them now hving: James D., Nancv, 
Samuel, Catherine, Elias and William. In 1844, he moved to Missouri, 
and settled in Saline county, five miles east of Marshall, where he con- 
tinued to live over thirty-three years, and then moved to Arrow Rock. 
He and his son William keep the city hotel, and are proprietors of one of 
the large livery and sale stables of Arrow Rock. Mrs. Shannon died 
November 18, 1879, at the age of seventy-nine, and was buried at the 
Gilmore graveyard. 

MAT hew"' GAUNT, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Yorkshire, 
England, April 21, 1821, where he was raised and educated. In 1840, he 
was married to Sarah Hainesworth, an English lady. They had eleven 
children, only three of them now living. In 1844, he came to the new 
world, and settled in St. Louis, where he lived about five years. In 1857 
he came to this county, and located a carding machine in Arrow Rock, 
to which he built an addition of grist and woolen mills, at a cost of $4,000, 
the total cost being about $10,000. At that time, this was the only 
woolen mill in the county, and here was done the first spinning, weaving, 
and fulling otherwise than by hand; and some of the cloth made at this 
mill is yet being worn, though made twenty years ago. The busi- 
ness done here, at one time, was enormous; often as many as forty 
wagons were in the yards at once, and as many as five or six hundred 
pounds of wool carded in one dav. People came with their wool as far 



550 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

as one hundred miles to these mills, because they were fixed to do busi- 
ness cheap and on a laro-e scale. They continued all right until just 
before the war closed, when, in the absence of Mr. Gaunt, the mills went 
down. There is no better place in the county for a woolen factory. 

MRS. M. C. BALLANTINE, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mrs. Ballantine 
was born in Booneville, Cooper county, Missouri, March 21, 1842. Her 
father, N. Dickinson, was born in Virginia. He was married to Henrietta 
Sites, also a native of Virginia. They had nine children, six of them now 
living: John, Oliver, Elizabeth Randolph, Griffith, William and M. C. 
Mr. Dickinson first came to Cooper county in 1841, and then to Arrow 
Rock, where he went into merchandising. His "first wife died in 1862, 
and was buried at Arrow Rock cemetery. Afterward he married the 
widow Grove. He died in 1876, and was buried at Arrow Rock ceme- 
tery; his second wife died in 1878. Mrs. M. C. Ballantine, the youngest 
daughter of her father's first wife, was educated in Arrow Rock. July 
20, 1865, she married D.J. Ballantine, a native of Indiana, raised in Boone- 
ville. Mr. Ballantine was a steamboat clerk for a number of years, on 
the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. Afterward, he kept hotel at Macon 
City, Missouri, where he died October 17, 1878, and was buried at Walnut 
Grove cemetery. After her husband's death, Mrs. Ballantine moved to 
Arrow Rock, and engaged in millinery and dress-making, in which she is 
now doing a flourishing business. 

DANIEL URICK, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Lebanon 
county, Pennsvlvania, January 14, 1815. His father, Nicholas Urick, was 
a native of Pennsylvania, also, and was married about the year 1798, to 
Mary Brightbill, also born in Pennsylvania. They had seven children, of 
whom four are now living — Daniel, Jacob B., Mrs. Mariah McClure, and 
Mrs. Sarah Hetrick. Nicholas Urick died September, 1863, in Pennsyl- 
vania, and was buried near Mechanicsburg; his wife died in 1820, and was 
buried at Walnut C. H. graveyard, Lebanon county. Daniel Urick, the 
second son, graduated at the Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) college, in 1840. 
He was married in Penns3'lvania, to Margaret Reigel, also a native of 
Pennsvlvania. They had seven children, four of whom -are now living: 
Jacob C, Daniel E., Sarah Wilson, and Florence. While he remained in 
Pennsvlvania, he was engaged in farming, and in merchandising. In 
1864, he moved to Keokuk, Iowa, and lived there until 1861>, engaged in 
the commission business. September, 1869, he moved to Arrow Rock, 
where he has been engaged principally in fruit-raising. His oldest son is 
proprietor of one of the Arrow Rock lumber 3'ards, and is doing a flour- 
ishing business. 

JESSE McMAHAN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. Jesse McMahan was 
born in Cooper county, Missouri, April 19, 1813. His father, Samuel 
McMahan, was born in Clark county, Kentucky, in 1774, and was mar- 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 551 

ried in Tvladison county, Kentucky, to Sarah Clark, daughter of Benjamin 
Clark, and a native of Albemarle county, Virginia. They had five chil- 
dren, three of them now living: Jesse, Thomas A., and John W. In 
1811', he moved west, and with others, made a settlement in Cooper 
county, six miles south of Arrow Rock, and about four miles south of 
Arrow Rock, built a block house, or fort, called Anderson's fort. They 
brought their families west in 1811. His immediate neighbors were Wm. 
Anderson, Andreas Anderson, George Anderson, David Jones, J. Wolfs- 
kill, Wm. Ried, and Stephen Turley. In 1813, the Indians drove them 
away, to Cooper's fort, and burned Anderson's fort, and while there, he 
was killed during Christmas week. He had recrossed the river to get his 
cattle, and while driving them to the river, the Indians (who were on the 
lookout for a man named Mukchax) saw him, and opened fire on him. 
His horse fell, shot under him. He started to run, but hearing the voice 
of the chief, whom he knew, and supposed to be friendly, he halted and 
turned around. As he faced them the Indians shot him dead. His body, 
cut into several pieces and scalped, was recovered, and buried at Boone- 
ville. His widow survived him until 1872, and was buried six miles below 
Arrow Rock. Jesse, the 3'oungest child, and his friend, Jesse Reid, were 
the first children in that neighborhood, born south of the river. He was 
raised on a farm, and in 1831 he went to the Indian nation on a trading 
expedition and returned in August. While there, the Indians got after 
him, and in his efibrts to spur his mule he sprained his knee so severely, 
that it rendered him a cripple for life. He escaped, however, and returned 
to Arrow Rock, where in 1831:, he went into the dry goods and grocery 
business, which he continued until 1875. Since then he has traveled a 
good deal. In 1837, he was married to Miss Susan Vaughan, a native of 
Tennessee. They have four children, all living: Clayton, Henry T., Mrs. 
Nannie H. Sutherlin, and Mrs. Sallie R. Piper. 

JOSEPH M. GREEN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Green 
county, Kentucky, May 23, 1850. His father, D. D. Green, was a native 
of New Jersey, and came to Kentucky at an early day. He first did 
business at Dan^'ille, then at Lexington, and then moved to a farm near 
Greensburg, in Green county. He was married to Miss A. C. Phillips of 
Green county, in 1846. They had three children, only one of whom, 
Joseph M., is now living. In 1852, his father came to Saline county, and 
went into the harness business at Arrow Rock. He died in 1875, April 
2d, and was buried at the x\rrow Rock cemetery. His widow still sur- 
vives, and lives with her son in Arrow Rock. Joseph was educated in 
this county, and learned the saddlery and harness business, which he fol- 
lowed here, and in Booneville, until 1875. He then, with Mr. G. Dickin- 
son, purchased a stock of groceries in Arrow Rock, which they continued 
together tor three years; he then bought out his partner, and has been in 



552 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 

business alone ever since, and is now one of the most prominent grocery- 
men in Arrow Rock, owning two business and two dwelling houses in 
the town. 

PHILIP GCETZ, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. Goetz was born in the 
Kingdom of Wurtemburg and in the town of Kemnath, October 7, 1S39. 
His father, Christian Goetz, was a native of Germany, and was a carriage 
painter by trade. He wa.3 married to Mary Gauder, having six children, 
only two of them now h\'ing, Philip and Mrs. Sophie Heinesh, who is still 
living in the old countrv. He died in Germany, December 23, 1872, 
where he was buried. Hi? widow still survives him. Philip, the third 
child, was educated in Germany, and served six years in the army, and 
obtained his discharge April 6, 1866. In that same year he came to the 
United States. He stopped first in Cincinnati, and stayed three months 
in a furniture factory. In the old country he had served an apprentice- 
ship at, and learned the shoemaker's trade. He then went to New 
Orleans, where he worked at his trade two years. Then moved to Boone- 
ville, Missouri, and then to Arrow Rock in June, 1868, where he has fol- 
lowed his trade ever since, and carries a considerable stock of boots and 
shoes. He is the only business man in Arrow Rock who handles boots 
and shoes, and has an excellent trade. He was married in March, 1871, 
to Margaret Sauerysing. They have had five children, only two of whom 
are living: Willie and Mary. 

CHARLES M. BRADFORD, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born Feb- 
ruary 27, 1817, in New York City. His father, Joel Bradford, was born 
in 1753, in New York, and was married to Sarah Stockin. They had 
ten children. He died in 1836, in New York, and was there buried, his 
wife dying in Chatham, Connecticut. Charles M. was the youngest, and 
was educated in Penns3-lvania, and graduated in medicine at the Penn 
University. In March, 1839, he moved to Missouri, and in 1840 began 
the practice of medicine at Arrow Rock. October 26, 1841, he was mar- 
ried to Lavinia M. Pearson, granddaughter of Dr. John Sappington, and 
step-daughter of Gov. C. F. Jackson. They had seven children, four of 
whom are living: Ida, Mrs. Belle Baker, Mrs. Lavinfa Nelson, and 
Charles Bradford. The deceased were: Mrs. Helen Russell, Mrs. 
Sarah Price, and George H. Bradford. Dr. Charles M. Bradford died 
August 21, 1862, at the age of forty -two, and was buried at the Sapping- 
ton cemetery. He was a very successful physician, but his health was 
feeble during the last half of his life. He was the postmaster at Arrow 
Rock for some time after he came to that city. Mrs L. M. Bradford 
was educated in Saline county, and now resides in Arrow Rock. She 
was born in Howard county, August 23, 1825. 

GEORGE DICKSON, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in Bourbon 
county, Kentucky, ?*Iarch 3, 1799, but was educated in Mercer county, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 553 

Kentucky, where he lived until he was grown. His father, Josiah Dickson, 
w^as a native of Scotland, and w^as married to Isabel! Reed, also of Scot- 
land. They had eleven children, only tw^o of whom are now living — 
George and Rev. Wm. Dickson. Josiah Dickson moved to Cooper 
count}', in 1819, and went to farming there. He died in 1829, and was 
buried four miles east of Booneville, his wife surviving him until 1831, 
and w^as buried at the same place. George Dickson came to Missouri 
with his parents, and in 1827 he w^as married to Miss Nancy Calvert. 
They had but three children, and only one now^ living, James L. Dickson. 
After the death of his first wife, he married Prudence Simpson, Septem- 
ber li, 1837. They had seven children, live of them now living — ^Josiah, 
William, Catherine, Sarah P., and Dorsie. October 22, 18G8, his second 
wife died, and was buried at the Arrow Rock cemeter}-. Mr. Dickson 
came to this county in 1868, and settled two miles west of Arrow Rock, 
where he now^ lives, on a farm of 100 acres of first-rate land. 

HENRY J. BLACKWELL, P. O., Arrow Kock. Was born in 
Hickman county, Tennessee. His father, Joseph Black well, was born in 
North Carolina, and was married to Mary Wilkins. Thev had thirteen 
children, onl}- seven of whom are now living: Henry G., Richard, 
James C, Thomas, Mrs. Nancy Baker, Sarah and Joseph. He died 
March 4, 1857, in Franklin- county, Arkansas, where he was buried. His 
widow survived him until 1863, when she, too, died, and was buried with 
him. Henry J. Blackwell, the youngest child, w^as raised and educated in 
Kentucky, until he was sixteen years old, when he moved with his father 
to Franklin county, Arkansas, and continued to work on his father's farm 
until March, 1856, when he w'as married to Elizabeth J. Campbell, a 
native of Perry county, Tennessee, where she was raised and educated. 
They had three children, two now living: Mrs. Martha Buley and Mrs. 
Mary Lowe. In 1862 Mr. Blackw^ell enlisted in the Confederate army in 
Arkansas, as sergeant, and was in the following battles: Fayetteville, 
Newtonia, Clarksville, Crooked Creek, Hartsville, Little Rock, Ft. Smith 
and Helena. After the war closed he lived at Granby, mining and mer- 
chandising for four years. Then w^ent to Joplin, in mercantile business, 
four years. In October, 1880, he bought the farm he now lives on, in 
Saline county, three and a half miles w^est of Arrow Rock. April, 1879, 
with Dr. McClelland, Thos. Moppin and Chas. Walters, he leased, with 
privilege of buying, 200 acres, in section 19, township 49, range 19, and 
they are mining for lead, with bright prospects of success. 

MRS. IDA R. GAMBRELL, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was the young- 
est of the twelve children of Judge Bernis Brow^n, and w^as born in 
Saline county, November 27, 1837, and was educated at McPherson Female 
College, Lexington, Missouri. Her mother died when she was quite 
young, and she was living w^ith her sister in Lexington at that time. She 



554 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

wns also two years at the Tracy College, in Booneville. Soon after 
returning home from school, she was married, July 20, 1S55, to W. J. Gam- 
brell, a native of Virginia. He came when quite young to St. Louis, and 
then moved to Kansas City, where he was living at the time he was 
married. He was in the commission business. They lived in Kansas 
City until 1863, when they moved to St. Louis, where he purchased an 
interest in the steamboat Sultana, running from St. Louis to New Orleans, 
and was her captain. April 27, 1865, while loaded with 2,000 Federal 
soldiers, taken on at Vicksburg, and about 200 passengers and crew, the 
Sultana burst one of her boilsrs, a few miles above Memphis, took fire 
and burned to the water's edge. In this disaster, over 1,500 persons per- 
ished, and among them Captain Gambrell. His body was never recov- 
ered. Mrs. Gambrell then returned to Saline county to the farm, on 
which she now lives. She has three children: William J., Rowena and 
Lillie. 

RICHARD GAINES ROBERTSON, P. O., Marshall. Was born 
in Petersburg, Virginia, December 1, 1838. His father, Francis A. 
Robertson, was descended from John Robertson, of Scotland, who settled 
near Sappony Church, in Chesterfield county, Virginia, where Deacon 
Francis A. Robertson was born. He was the son of John and Catherine 
{iiee Taylor) Robertson. Born at Mt. Pleasant on the Appomattox, July 
26, 1810. He was married to Mary E. Gaines, daughter of Richard 
Gaines, and Mary A. C. Gaines. In 1829 he moved to Petersburg, and 
in 1831 united with the Baptist Church. In 1834 he removed to Farnes- 
ville, and with his brother. Deacon B. M. Robertson, laid the foundation 
for the great prosperity of the Baptists at Farmville. In 1836 he 
returned to Petersburg, where, except short intervals during the war, he 
continued to reside until his death, which took place at his home, October 
8, 1880, where his widow still survives him. He was a most earnest 
christian, and, according to the Religions Herald, Richmond, Virginia, his 
name was well and widely known through Virginia. Mr. F. A. Robert- 
son had eleven children, ten of whom are now living, six sons and four 
daughters: R. Gaines, John J., Marcus W., Francis H., Joseph T., Lin- 
neus P., Catherine S., Mrs. Mary E. Talley, Mrs. Maria J. McManaway^ 
and Sallie G. The oldest son, Richard Gaines, and the subject of this 
sketch, was educated at the Charlottesville Military Institute, and at the 
Richmond Baptist College. In September, 1858, he came to Saline 
county, Missouri, and taught school, first in the Good Hope school 
house, he being then only nineteen years old, and has been teaching 
nearly ever since, in Missouri, Texas, Arkansas, and Illinois,, and holds 
first-grade certificates of each state. He is now teaching in the Jester 
school house, four or five miles east of Marshall. March 1, 1861, he was 
married to Miss Annie Garrett, a native of this count\-, and daughter of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 555 

James Garrett. A few months after his marriage he enlisted in Capt. 
Wm. B. Brown's company, M. S. G., and was drill-master of that com- 
pany. He afterward enlisted as orderly-sergeant in Anderson's company, 
Robertson's recruits, and was captured with the whole command, at Black- 
water, December 19, 1861. In prison three months, went home on parole, 
and was exchanged 1862. In August, 1862, he joined (and was orderly- 
sergeant) Garrett's company, 1st Mo. Cav., Col. Shelby, afterwards Gor- 
don's Reg., Shelby's brigade, and Marmaduke's division. Was in the 
battles of Booneville, as flag-bearer, 2d Lexington, Coon Creek, Prairie 
Grove, Cape Girardeau, Helena, Little Rock, Bayou Meter, fighting 
every day for forty miles south of Little Rock, Cane Hill. In Shelby's 
raid in 1863, Mr. Robertson was captured in Saline count}^ and in 
prison to th(^end of the war. At the battle of Helena he assisted the 
battery, and helped to take a piece from a critical position, where out of 
thirty men detailed, sixteen were wounded, more or less severely. 

Jx\MES GILMER, P. O., Marshall. Born in Green county Kentucky, 
August 14, 182-1, John Gilmer, his father, was born in 1791, 
in Virginia, and moved to Kentucky, when quite a boy with his father, 
to Adair county. He was married to Elizabeth Phillips, also a native of 
Virginia. They had thirteen children, seven now living, five boys and two 
girls: James Campbell, Washington, Robert and Squire A., Mrs. Martha 
S. Reynolds and Mrs. Bettie P. Phillips. In 1834, Mr. John Gilmer moved 
to Saline county, Missouri, and settled on the farm where his son James 
now lives, six miles east of Marshall, and died February 8, 1873, and was 
buried on the home place. Mrs. Gilmer died June 10, 1865, and was 
buried in the same place. Mr. James Gilmer was the second son, and was 
ten years old when his parents moved to this county. Neighbors at that 
early day, were few and far between. His father first built a log house of 
one room — and the next year, added another log room. The 
land was purchased from a man named Goff, who begun a 
cabin, but had not finished it. Mr. Gilmer finished and lived 
in it. The Marshall and Arrow Rock road, though received by the 
county court, was still called the "Indian," and by some, the " buffalo trail." 
Religious services were held mainly in private houses, and people made 
their own clothes, of flax, wool, cotton and buckskin. Mr. Gilmer went 
to school in the neighborhood, and lived with his father on the farm, until 
he was married. In 1842, the brick house in which he now lives, was put 
up by his father. In June, 1856, he was married to Miss Catherine A. 
Harvey, who was a native of Saline, and raised by Jacob Keyster, her 
father James Harvey, dying when she was an infant. They have eight 
children now living, six boys and two girls: Jacob W., James W., John 
M., Robert A., Wade H., Martha E., Harvey and Mary J. Mr. Gilmer 



556 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

has a splendid farm of 240 acres under fence, and 125 acres of it in cultiva- 
tion, and is a successful farmer. 

DANIEL M. EMBREY, P. O., Arrow Rock, Missouri. Mr 
Embrev was born in Stafford count}-, Virginia, in 1845, where he was 
raised and educated. He left Virginia in 1868, and came directly to Saline 
county, Missouri. He was raised on a farm, and after being in this county 
about one week, he went to work on a farm and in the employ of Mr. 
Joel Scott. The war had ruined his father, as it had done most Virginians, 
(and many Missourians). Mr. Daniel Embrey came west in the endeavor 
to better his fortunes, arid those of his family. He has two brothers in 
this state, E. E., living five miles east of Miami, in this county, and John 
W., living in Dalton, Chariton county. In 1876, Mr. Embrey was elected 
school director for the Neff district. In 1870 he was marked to Miss 
Mahala Nave, daughter of Henry Nave, one of the oldest settlers of 
the county. 

JOHN Q. MOORE, P. O., Marshall, Missouri. Was born in Hamp- 
shire county, Virginia, May 3, 1837, came to Saline count}' at eight years 
of ago with his parents, and here received his education. His father, 
Philip Moore, was also a native of Hampshire county, Virginia, and was 
married in 1821 to Miss Hester Bvser, also of Virginia. They had ten 
children, six of them now living — three boys, Solomon, John Q. and Dan- 
iel, and three girls, Mrs. Millie Chappell, Mrs. Julia A. Baker and Mrs. 
Elizabeth Kennedy. In 1845 Philip Moore came to Saline countv with 
his family, stopping first, for one year, near Marietta, Ohio. Landed near 
Cambridge, and first settled near Miami, where they lived several years. 
In 1849 he moved to Jonesboro where he lived until 1876; after which 
time he lived around with his children until he died January, 1879, and 
was buried at Jonesboro. His wife died January 17, 1878, and was buried 
at the same place. John Q., the fifth son, in 1862, purchased his father's 
farm near Jonesboro, where he farmed until 1876, when he sold the farm, 
and moved to the farm he now lives on, nine miles east of Marshall, con- 
taining 200 acres of splendid land. November 21, 1865, he was married 
to Laura A. Hansbrough, a native of this county, and daughter of Hector 
Hansbrough. They have seven children, three boys and four girls: John, 
Obz. G. and Charles E., Lucy D., Lacy B., Mary W. and Pearler W. 
In 1861 he enlisted in Captain Emmerson's company under Colonel 
Robertson, and was captured with the command at Blackwater, Decem- 
ber 19, 1861. Released on oath in 1862 and came home. 

JAMES NEFF, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Neff was born in Cook county, 
Tennessee, April 27, 1833. His father, Isaac Nefi', was born in Jefferson 
county, Tennessee, in 1798, and was married to Lucy Romines, of which 
union there were five children, four of whom are now living: John, 
Abram, James, and Susan. Isaac Neft' came to Saline county in the fall 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 557 

of 1830, traveling in wagons, witii his family and twelve or thirteen 
negroes. He died in 1S79, and was buried on the home place. His 
widow btill survives him, and is living at the old home place. His name, 
originally, was Nave, but he had it changed to Neff. Mr. James Neff, 
the oldest son, was but three years of age when his parents moved to 
Saline. He was educated at the country schools, and continued on his 
father's farm until 1866, when he moved to a farm which his father 
entered, and on which he now lives, eight miles east of Marshall, where 
he now owns 600 acres of fine land, 180 under fence. In the spring of 
1861, he was married to Miss Mary Hungerford, who is a native of this 
county, born September 13, 1844. Seven children have been born to this 
union, six of whom are now living, three boys: Isaac, Robert, and James; 
and three girls: Ella, Lulu, and Sadie. Ida, the eldest daughter, is now 
deceased. In 1861, Mr. Neff enlisted in the Confederate army; first in 
Capt. Wm. B. Brown's company, then in Col. McCullough's regiment; 
was at the battles of Booneville, Carthage, and Wilson's Creek. After 
which he was taken sick, and returned home, and in December, 1861, he 
intended, with his brother, to go in Robertson's command, but failed to 
get ready, and thus escaped capture. He could not stay at home, so he 
went to Logan county, Illinois, and stayed there until the war was over, 
and then returned home. 

NORWOOD WILEY, farmer, P. O., Arrow Rock. Born in Gilford 
county. North Carolina, in 1819, June 27, where he obtained his education 
and was raised, and worked at the carpenter's trade, which he carried on 
extensively until 1859. His father, Hewey Wiley, was a native of North 
Carolina, and married Jane Garrison, widowed daughter of William Mat- 
thews. They had two children: one bo}^ Norwood, and one girl, Caro- 
line. In 1840, Norwood Wiley was married to Alice Gosset, who died in 
1863. Afterward he married Lydia Dixon, a widow, and a native of 
Saline county. In 1859, he moved to Saline county, where he has since 
resided, settling on Fish creek, on the Isaac Neff farm; and, in 1870, 
moved to the farm he now occupies, four miles northwest of Arrow Rock, 
and is now engaged, generally, in farming and stock-raising. In 1852, he 
served as representative for Guilford county in the legislature of North 
Carolina. Mrs. L. Wiley was born in Saline county, March 12, 1826. 
Her father, Daniel Thornton, was born in South Carolina, October 26, 
1788, and went to Tennessee when quite a boy; and was married to 
Mary Neff, sister of Isaac and Henry Neff, in Tennessee, about 1816, 
They came all the way from North Carolina to Missouri by water— down 
the French Broad and Tennessee rivers to the Ohio. 

JOEL SCOTT, farmer, P. O. Arrow Rock. Mr. Joel Scott was born 
six miles east of Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky. His father was 
also a native of Scott county, Kentucky, and his mother, whose maiden 



55S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

name was Hawkins, was a native of Mason county, Kentuck}-. His 
father was also a farmer before him, and moved to Missouri in 1S32, 
stopping in Boone county, and moving to Saline county the next year 
purchasing 650 acres of land ten miles east of the present county seat. 
Joel, the fifth son, now lives at the old homestead, ten miles east of Mar- 
shall. He was only four years old when his parents came to Missouri, 
but still has an indistinct remembrance of coming from Kentucky in wag- 
ons. The family were in a carriage made in the Kentucky penitentiary, 
for which, with the harness, they paid $1,000. Mr. Scott, after the lapse 
of half a century, has still some remains of those harness. Joel was edu- 
cated at the neighboring schools of Jonesboro and Arrow Rock, until the 
age of eighteen, when he assumed charge of the farm for his father. In 
1857, at the age of twenty-one, he went to California and worked in the 
gold mines, and trading between Sacramento and the mines, in which he 
had good luck for over two years, when he returned home with a check 
on Page, Bacon & Co., St. Louis, for $0',000 over all expenses. Returned 
by the isthmus of Panama. Mr. Scott was married, in November, 1857, 
to Miss Nannie Townsend, daughter of A. S. Townsend, deceased, of 
Cooper county. He has six living children, and is now a flourishing 
farmer and stock man, on the old Scott homestead, which he has enlarged 
to over 1,000 acres. Mr. Scott lost one of his eyes by the glancing of a 
nail which he was driving, striking him in the pupil. 

BERNIS B. BROWN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Is a native of Saline 
county, born December 16, 1832. His parents came to Saline county 
from Albemarle county, Virginia, in 1828. His father served as one of 
the judges of the county court of Saline for about fifteen years. He was 
also surveyor of the county for a number of 3'ears. He died in 1867, his 
wife having died in IS-IO. Bernis B. Brown, the fourth son, now lives 
ten miles east of Marshall, uear the old homestead. He attended school 
and worked on the farm until he was eighteen years old, when, in 185<), 
he took the gold fever, and went to California. He returned home from 
California, after working in the mines for a time, through Mexico, it tak- 
ing about six months to make the trip. In March, 1867, he was married 
to Miss Emma Tarrant, daughter of Henry Tarrant, of Cass county, 
Missouri, having four children, two boys and two girls. When the war 
broke out, he enlisted in Capt. Brown's company, and was at the first 
Booneville hght. Continued in the State Guards until his time expired, 
and returned home. Could not stay long; went south and enlisted in the 
Confederate army, under Gen. Shelby, and continued until the surrender, 
in the spring of 1865. Since the war Mr. Brown has turned his entire 
attention to farming. 

EZEKIEL W. BROWN, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. E. W. Brown 
was born in Saline countv, August 4, 1834. He was educated at the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 559 

country schools, and at the Masonic College, in Lexinjrton. In 185;;;, he 
took the gold fever, and struck out for California, and with his brother- 
in-law, took a drove of cattle over the plains to California, and came near 
starving to death in the passage of the Nevada mountains. He remained 
in the far west until 1867, when he returned home on horseback, without 
having made much of a fortune, as he was sick for the last three years of 
his stay in California. Mr. Brown was married at Arrows Rock, Mis- 
souri, in 1868, to Miss M. E. Durrett, daughter of Richard Durrett, a 
native of Albemarle county, Virginia. He has had five children, only 
two of whom are now living. Mr. Brown resides upon his farm, about 
ten miles east of Marshall, and is a good farmer and a hospitable gen- 
tleman. 

MARSHALL D. PIPER, P. O., Arrow Rock. Marshall Piper was 
born in Albemarle county, Virginia, April 26, 1817, and obtained his edu- 
cation at the country schools of that county. At the age of tw^enty-three 
he moved to Saline county with his mother and her ten children, moving 
by land. About two years after he first came to Saline, he married Miss 
Sarah Brown, daughter of Bernis Brown. After his marriage, he con- 
tinued on his farm, about fifteen miles east of Marshall, until the breaking 
out of the w^ar. His ill health not permitting him to take an active part 
in the war, he remained quietly on his farm, though a southern man in 
sentiment. On the 8th day of August, 1864, Col. Lazear, of the first reg- 
iment, M. S. M., ordered all the male residents in Mr. Piper's neighbor- 
hood, to repair to Arrow Rock on the following day, where he intended 
to make them a speech. Mr. Piper, with many others, obeyed this order, 
and while there, he was suddenly arrested and ordered to be shot, on 
charges unknown to his family. He was shot that same day, near 
Arrow Rock, by a detail of ten men, but upon examination, eleven 
wounds were found upon his body. Upon permission from Col. Lazear, 
his friends took his body to his home and buried it decently. His widow, 
Mrs. Sarah E. Piper, was born January 22, 1826, and came with her 
parents to Saline county, when only two years of age. Since her husband's 
death, she has tarried on the farm with her children, two of whom are 
now married, and comfortably settled around her. 

HARMAN D. AYRES. The subject of this sketch w^as born in 
Bourbon county, Kentucky, March 18,1835, where he spent most of his life. 
His education was obtained in the country schools of Bourbon county. 
His father also, Harman Ayres, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, 
in 1810, and was married to Miss Charlotte Lutton, of Bourbon county. 
They had three children, one boy and tw^o girls; Mr. H. D. Ayres being 
the only son. One daughter, Mrs. Kate Halladay, now living in Bates 
county; the other is dead. Mr. Ayres was married in Bourbon count v, 
Kentucky, February 6, 1855, to Miss S. L. Turner, daughter of William 



560 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 

Turner, a farmer of Bourbon. In Kentucky Mr. A. was engaged in farm- 
ing and stock-raising, mostly blooded cattle. He moved to Saline county, 
Missouri, with his family, October, 1878. Mr. Ayres brought a lot of fine 
stock, thirty-five cattle, eight horses, twenty-one sheep, and thirty-five 
hogs. He is now engaged in farming a fine farm of 400 acres in Clay 
township. 

JOSEPH SCHIESSER was born near the Rhine, in Wurtemburg, 
Germany, February 12, 1834, where his early life w^as spent, and his edu- 
cation obtained. His parents were both natives of Wurtemburg, and had 
nine children, (five boys and four girls) of whom Joseph was the eldest 
son. At the age of nineteen years, Joseph, in company with two compan- 
ions, started to the United States. He worked in New York several 
months, and then gradually worked his way to the west, until he reached 
St. Louis, Christmas eve, 1853. He worked in and about St. Louis for 
some time, until he was taken sick. He was finally cured in Jeflerson, by 
Dr; Grouce, after a nine month's spell. He then worked around at St. 
Paul and Dubuque, staying at the latter place nearly four years. In 1857 
he was married to Caroline Ostwalt, in Iowa, now dead. Farmed for five 
years in Minnesota. He married again, to Agnes Gartner, who is also 
dead, February 17, 1871. His third wife, Barbara Keller, is still Hving. 
In 1880 became to Saline and settled on his present farm. 

WILLIAM DAVIS, was born in Sullivan county, Ind., in 1823, where 
his early life was spent, and his education received. At the age of 25, he 
moved to Iowa, and in 1857, he was married to Elizabeth Major, a daugh- 
ter of Andrew Major, a native of Ohio. About nineteen years of his 
life were spent in Wapello county, Iowa, when he moved to Missouri, 
first to Pettis county, then to Saline, 1868, to the farm where he now resides, 
consisting of 720 acres of first-class land. He has four children, all boys: 
Andrew J., Simon, Thomas J., and John G. Mr". Davis has a splendid 
farm, an elegant orchard, finely improved, and is a successful farmer. 

JAMES S. THOMAS, P. O., Arrow Rock. The subject of the fol- 
lowing sketch was born in Clark county, Kentucky, February 8, 1820, 
where he grew up to manhood and received his education from the coun- 
trv schools, and also at Whittlesey's Academy, Harrison county, Ken- 
tucky. Moved with his father, Geo. Thomas, to Bourbon county, 
Kentucky, where he lived until 1870, farming. His father was born in 
Bourbon county, Kentucky, 1799, where he was married to Susan Strode, 
daughter of Jas. Strode. They had five children. He afterward mar- 
ried a widow by the name of Thomas, and by her he had three children, 
all girls. After the death of his second wife he married Emily Berry, 
and by her he had three children. He died in 1855, in Bourbon county, 
and was there buried, at his home place, five miles from Paris. In 1846, 
James S. Thomas was married to Juha A. Thomas, of Bourbon county, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 561 

Kentucky. In October, 1870, he moved to Saline county, Missouri, and 
setded on the farm he now occupies, two and a half miles northwest of 
Arrow Rock. He has ten children, live boys and five girls. While 
living in Kentucky he was taken prisoner by the Federal authorities, in 
1862-3, and incarcerated in Lexington, Covington, Mt. Sterling, and 
Camp Chase. As fast as he would pay his way out he would be 
re-arrested and imprisoned. In earlier years he engaged in intimate 
acquaintance with Henry Clay, whose hospitality he many times enjoyed. 
The names of his children are: James M., George A., H. Clay, William 
S., John T., Mrs. Susan E. Haggin, Mrs. E. M. Piper, Mrs. Phcebe 
M. Webb, Mary Lee, and Emma D. 

JOSEPH CONNELL, farmer, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. Joseph 
Connell was born in Page county, Virginia, in the year 18-16, where he 
grew to manhood and received his education. His father, Brice Connell, 
was a native of Page county, Virginia, born 1798, and about the year 
1820, was married to Elizabeth Summers, daughter of George Summers, 
also a native of Page county. He died in 1880, and was buried in Page 
county. At the age of twenty-three Joseph came west to the southern 
part of Illinois, where he remained about two vears. He then went to 
central Indiana, and farmed for a year or two. In the spring of 
1869, he came to Luter Island, in Montgomery county, Missouri, and 
farmed there three 3^ears. In 187-1, he moved to Saline countv, and set- 
tled on what is known as the Chestnut Hill farm, one mile and a half 
from Arrow Rock, which farm he cultivated for several years, and then 
moved to Wm. Price's farm, and then to the farm on which he now 
lives, four miles northwest of Arrow Rock, and is one of the prominent 
stock feeders of Saline county. He was married February 20, 1877, to 
Miss Bettie Smith, of Howard county, Missouri ; three children, two boys 
and one girl. 

JESSE ROMINE, born in Cox county Tennessee, March 20 1808, 
where he spent his early life, and received his education. In 1833, he 
came to Saline county and settled down to farming, and married Cathe- 
rine Nave, of Saline. They had twelve children, six of whom are now 
living: John, Isaac, Abram, Mrs. Mary A. Hensick, Mrs. Rhoda Tal- 
bott, and Mrs. Catherine Maddix. Mr. Romine died in August, 1865, 
his wife died in April 29, 1875. Isaac, second son of Jesse Romine, was 
born in Saline county, October 12, 1852. In 1879, he was married to 
Victoria Piper, daughter of Benj. Piper. At present he is engaged in 
farming on the old Romine homestead. Abram, third son of Jesse 
Romine, was born in Saline, June 21, 1855. He was married in 1879, 
April 26, to Miss Bettie Thornton, daughter of Jack Thornton, of 
Saline. Abram, and his brother, both live at the old homestead. 
36 



562 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

MRS. ANNA FITZGERALD. Mrs. Fitzgerald was born in Saline 
county Missouri, January 12, 1828. Her father, James Sappington, was a 
native of Kentucky, and was one of the first settlers of Saline county, and 
married Nancy Cooper, a daughter of Benj. Cooper. At the age of 17 
years, Mrs. Fitzgerald was married to Stephen Liggett, having two chil- 
dren, J. W. and J. H. Liggett, now living. Her first husband, Mr. Lig- 
gett, died March 28, 1852. In 1855, she married Robert C. Fitzgerald, a 
native of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, who was born February, 1814. 
Most of her married Hfe with her first husband, was spent in Howard 
county; but with Mr. Fitzgerald, she moved to Saline, where they lived 
until he died, in 1875, and she, to the present. By her second husband 
she had eleven children, nine of them now living: Nannie, Maggie Emma, 
Winnie, Frank M., Robert E., William B., Marshall and Barnabas. She is a 
member of the Methodist Church South. She and her boys cultivate 
their farm three miles southwest of Saline City. 

HUGH CRAIG, Jr. Mr. Hugh Craig, Jr., was born in Peel county 
Canada, west, in the year 181:8, and was educated in the Canada country 
schools. When about 16 3'ears old he came to the states, stopping first in 
Michigan, thence to Missouri, stopping in Osage, then in Cooper county. 
He then came to Arrow Rock, and June, 1876, he was married to 
Kathrina M. Wood, daughter of George Wood, by whom he has two 
children, both boys. At the present time he is living on his farm about 
two and a half miles from Saline Cit}-, upon which he has a steam saw 
mill, which he operates. 

CAPT. GEORGE BINGHAM. Captain Bingham was born in Rock- 
ingham county, Virginia, August 9th, 1824. When he was only one year 
old his parents moved to Saline county, Missouri. He was raised on a 
farm, and educated in the country schools. At the age of twenty-one 
years he established a wool-carding machine in Arrow Rock, which he 
continued to run until 1848. In that year he was struck with the Califor- 
nia gold fever, which had just then broken out epidemically, and in com- 
pany with five of his neighbors he set out to the New El Dorado. He 
remained in California until 1852, when he returned to Arrow Rock, Mis- 
souri, and set up a wagon-maker's shop, in connection with his brother, 
and continued engaged in this business until after the war broke out, 1862. 
He then abandoned his trade, and raised a company (company H), for the 
Seventy first regiment, E. M. M., of which he was chosen captain, and 
served in that capacity until the close of the war. Captain Bingham's 
company was mostl}' located in Saline county during the war. In 1864, 
when Gen. Price made his last invasion of the State, Captain Bingham 
was called on by the county court to protect the records of the county 
from destruction. He took the records first to Lexington, and afterward 
to Glasgow, and preser\ed them until after the Confederate arm}' had left 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 5^53 

the State. Lieut. Sappinoton then returned them to Marshall. After the 
close of the war Captain Bingham returned to his trade of waoon-mak- 
ing at Arrow Rock, and followed it until 1874. After a lead prospecting 
tour through counties to the south, he returned and settled on a farm near 
Arrow Rock, where he still remains. Captain Bingham was married to 
Miss Minerva Valdenar, March 30, 1854, to whom have been born eio-ht 
children, five living and three dead. Those living are named respectively: 
Willie E. (married to Miss Maggie Grubb), Mary Alice, Maggie V., Nel- 
lie T. and George H. Bingham. Captain Bingham was respected by 
both friend and foe during the war. 

MRS. AMANDA Bx\RNES. Mrs. Barnes, the subject of this 
sketch was born at Old Franklin, in Howard county, Missouri, Septem- 
ber 14, 1821. When yet a child, her parents (Henry V. and Mary A. 
Bingham) removed to a farm near Arrow Rock, where she grew to woman- 
hood, and where she was married to Mr. James Barnes, September 25, 
1838. Her husband was also born at Old Franklin. After the marriage, 
Mr. Barnes followed the business of farming and merchandising until his 
death, which occurred in Collin county, Texas, April 27, 1870. Since the 
death of her husband, Mrs. Barnes has lived on her farm, near Arrow 
Rock, with her two sons. She is now nearly sixty years of age, and is 
remarkable for her excellent memory. She remembers the first steam- 
boat that ever came this far up the Missouri river — the Globe — which 
landed at Arrow Rock; and also remembers when the Mormons passed 
through here on their way to Independence. She is the mother of eleven 
children, eight living and three dead. The eldest living, Abram, is mar- 
ried and lives in California; George C, who lives with his mother; 
Matthias, Mary A., married to E. Wallace; Amanda, married to Alfred 
Wallace; Luther, Emma and Louisa, at home. Mrs. Barnes is a member 
of the Methodist Church South, and has been for 47 years. 

JOHN H. KIBLER, a native of Pulaski county, Virginia, was born 
July 29, 1846. Philip and Lucy A. Kibler, his parents, were also natives 
of Virginia, and his father bv trade was a blacksmith. At the age of 
sixteen, Mr. Kibler joined the Confederate army, and went to Kentuck}-, 
where he served under Gen. Humphrey Marshall fifteen months, when 
he was transferred to the east and assigned to the command of Gen. 
Jubal A. Early. He was in the battles of Perr3-ville, Middle Creek, 
Princeton, Harper's Ferry, Frederick City, Snicker's Gap, Fisher's Hill, 
the two battles at Winchester, and all the important engagements in which 
Earl3''s division participated. He surrendered with Gen. Lee's army at 
Appomattox, received his parole, and returned to his home in Virginia, 
where he remained till April, 1871, when he came to Arrow Rock, Mis- 
souri. Here, for about one year, he pursued his occupation of black- 
smithing, and then embarked in the mercantile business, dealing in gro- 



564 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY.. 

ceries, agricultural implements, etc. In 1S7S, he bought a farm near 
Arrow Rock, but after occupying it two years, returned to the village 
and resumed his trade, manufacturing and dealing in wagons and all 
kinds of agricultural implements. He has a large trade, the result of 
good workmanship, Hberality, and honesty. December 30, 1876, Mr. 
Kibler was married to Miss Jessie E. Reid, of Cooper county. Their 
children are two: Eleanor M. and John H. 

HARDIN BRUCE REDMON, M. D., was born in Bourbon 
county, Kentucky, February the 24th, 1830. His parents, William and 
EHzabeth Redmon, were natives of the same state. Dr. Redmon's liter- 
ary training was acquired in the common schools, and at Georgetown 
College. At the age of fifteen, he accompanied his parents to Missouri, 
and with them settled in La Mine township. Cooper county, where his 
father continued the pursuit of farming and trading till his death, which 
occurred in 1864. In 1848, Dr. Redmon commenced teaching school, 
and followed that occupation several years. In June, 1858, he entered 
the office of Dr. John Wilcox, of Rocheport, Missouri, as a medical stu- 
dent, and in September, 1859, the University of Virginia, where he com- 
pleted his medical course in 1860. Returning to Cooper county, he began 
the practice of his profession near Pilot Grove. He remained there but 
a short time, however, till he moved to La Mine township. In Ihe 
spring of 1880, he located in Arrow Rock, where he had previously lived 
several years, practicing medicine, and was, as he is now, an honored citi- 
zen, esteemed no less for his professional ability, than for his sterling 
worth m the private walks of life. Dr. Redmon is a careful student, 
keeps abreast with the advancement of medical science, and hence is a 
successful practitioner. In 1849, he was married to Miss Rowan 
McQuitty, who died in 1855. In 1857, he again married, this time Miss 
Elizabeth McClelland, of Howard county, to whom was born a son, 
Luther W. His second wife demise4 in October, 1859, and since that 
event Miss Edmonia Harris, daughter of G. W. Harris, Esq., of Cooper 
county, has become the Doctor's third wife. This union is blessed by a 
daughter, Cybele. 

BEVERLY T. THOMPSON was born October 14, 1835, in Old 
Franklin, Howard county, Missouri. His father, P. W. Thompson, was 
a native of Tennessee, and his mother, Brunette, whose maiden name was 
Lawless, was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky, October 13, 180i. 
When Beverly was about six years old, his father moved from Old Frank- 
lin to Saline county, and occupied the premises near Arrow Rock, known 
as " Chestnut Hill." Mr. Thompson received his education at Arrow 
Rock; and while it was confined to the common schools, he has greatly 
improved and enriched it by his studious habits, and patient, long-contin- 
ued research. While living on a farm in the country, he employed much 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 565 

of his time in teaching school. In the spring of 1865, he moved to Arrow 
Rock, where he engaged in merchandising, a pursuit he abandoned lono- 
ago. At present (March, ISSl), he is principal of the public schools of 
Arrow Rock, and is regarded an efficient teacher, and faithful public ser- 
vant. April IS, 1861, he was married to Miss Annie Herron, of Saline 
county. They have six children living: Nettie F., Lester H., Beverly 
T., Harry G., M. Louise, and George W. 

JOHN P. SITES. The subject of this sketch was born in Virginia, 
May 1, 1S21. In 1S3-1-, he came to Missouri with his father, who settled 
at Marion, in Cole county. The following spring his father moved to 
Booneville, where he plied his vocation, that of gunsmith. Here our sub- 
ject, with his father, learned the trade of gunsmith. In 1841, he left 
Booneville and located at Clifton, in the same county, where he pursued 
his calling, till 1844, when he moved to Arrow Rock, Saline county, where 
he has ever since resided. He has carried on gunsmithing more than 
forty-five years, and is now well known to be one of the best and most 
skillful artisans in the country. By continued industry, coupled with pru- 
dence, good management and fair dealing, Mr. Sites has met with marked 
success, and enjoys the esteem and respect of his fellow-townsmen. Sep- 
tember 21, 1841, he was married to Miss Nannie J. Toole, an estimable 
lady of amiable disposition. The}' had one child, who died at the age of 
ten and three-fourth years. Mr. S. has lived in Arrow Rock since 1844, 
and is located for the rest of his days. 

JOHN J. TUCKER was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, May 
23, 1824. In the fall of 1841 he, in company with his mother, three broth- 
ers and two sisters, came to Missouri and settled near Old Palestine, in 
Cooper county. In 1840 Mr. Tucker was one of the thousands of emi- 
grants, attracted by the newly discovered gold fields of California. He 
paused, however, in Nevada, and, for a time, followed mining in the vi- 
cinity of Nevada City, and then moved to the village, in which he was 
one of the first settlers. Remaining there, engaged in mining in the cel- 
ebrated Gold Run mines, till the fall of 1850, he returned to Cooper 
county, and married Laura, daughter of James Hutchison. His wife 
lived only four years after their marriage, but Mr. Tucker, since the loss 
of his first wife, has married Miss Sarah E. Fisher, of Morefield, Vir- 
ginia. They have five children living: Mary S., wife of Frank G. Mc- 
Cutchen, Esq., of Cooper county, Laura H., John ].,]r., George F. and 
Robert Lee. After his return to Cooper county, as stated above, Mr. 
Tucker lived at Bell Air, where he w^as engaged in farming and mer- 
chandising at the same time. He has ever been a public-spirited, unself- 
ish gentleman, having at heart the w^elfare of the people, and lending 
personal support, as well as material aid, to whatever tended to promote 
the 2"Ood of his fellow citizens. His education is such as he obtained in 



566 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the common schools, but strong native intellect and a retentive memory, 
enriched by studious, careful reading, do much to obviate the deficiencies 
of early scholastic advantages. In the spring of 1865 Mr. Tucker went 
to Nebraska City, Nebraska, but remained there only a year, when he 
returned to Bell Air and lived in that village till March, 1879, at which 
time he moved to Arrow Rock, in Saline county, where he succeeded 
T. C. Rainey in the dry goods and grocery business, in which he is now 
engaged. Mr. Tucker's experience in life has been extensive and varied, 
but upright and honorable, and it may be truly said that he has not lived 
in vain. 

WILLIAM L. TOWNSEND, farmer, was born in Cooper county, 
Missouri, November 16, 1824. His father was a native of South Carolina, 
but emigrated from that state to Kentucky at an early day, and after about 
ten years moved to Missouri and settled on a farm in Cooper county, 
where the subject of this sketch was born and grew to manhood. His edu- 
cation is limited to that of the common schools. After living on the farm 
with his father about twenty-one years, Mr. Townsend moved to a farm 
in Saline county, where, excepting a brief interval, he has lived ever since, 
conducting his farm, which is one of the best in that part of the county. 
April 2, 1846, he was married to Miss Sally Staples, of Saline county, an 
amiable lady who still lives to gladden a peaceful household. They have 
ten children: James T., Saunders, Peyton N., John B., Nathaniel S., 
William G., Benjamin F., Mary V., Edward F., and Susan A. E. Mr. 
Townsend is an old citizen of Saline, a successful farmer, and a worthy 
gentleman. 

MONARCH MURPHY. The subject of this sketch is a native of 
Orange county Virginia, and was born May 10, 1809. When he was ten 
years old, his father emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in Mercer county, 
near "Shaker town," on the Kentucky river. He was reared on a farm, 
and during the winter months attended the common schools, to the curri- 
culum of which his education is necessarily limited. He is a carpenter by 
trade, an occupation he learned in 1838, after he was married. He con- 
tinued to ply his vocation twenty-eight years in New Castle, Kentucky, 
and December 19, 1866, left tH?it state, to locate at Arrow Rock, Saline 
county, Missouri. Here for about six years he worked at the carpenter's 
trade, but at the end of that time turned his attention exclusively to the 
undertaker's business, in which he is now engaged, and has a large trade, 
which he deserves, as he attends closely to business, is a good workman 
and deals fairly with all. February 1st, 1830, he was married to Ann 
Hall, of New Castle, Kentucky, by whom he had four children: Lucy 
A., Susan, Priscilla, and William. His first wife died in 1839, and May 
3, 1843, Miss Mary Watts, of New Castle, became his second wife. This 
second union is blessed bv two children: Elizabeth and Florence. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 567 

JOHN C. THOMPSON was born in Winchester, Virginia, Jul}' 27, 
1837. His father, Samuel Thompson, was a soldier in the Mexican war. 
He enlisted in battery 6, 4th artiller}-, at Baltimore, December, 1840, and 
fell at the battle of La Puebla,in August, 1847. The subject of this sketch 
lived in Winchester till the death of his mother, which occurred when he 
was about six years old. Subsequent to that event he lived with his 
grandparents, Thomas and Margaret Jackson, in Washington, D. C, 
where he was a student at Abbott's College. At the age of seventeen, 
he came to SaHne county, Missouri, and lived with his uncle, John C. 
Thompson, Sr., at Saline City. Shortly after coming to Missouri, he 
made a profession of religion, was very soon licensed to preach the gos- 
pel, and became a member of the St. Louis annual conference of the M. 
E. Church. He traveled different circuits in central and southwest Mis- 
souri, and, in 1860, was stationed at Christy Chapel, in St. Louis. After 
remaining pastor of that charge throughout the year 1860, he asked a 
location and moved to California, Missouri, when he became temporarily 
connected with the Missouri Pacific railway. In 1862, Mr. Thompson 
was admitted to the bar in Moniteau county, and practiced lav/ in Califor- 
nia, until his refusal to take the "iron-clad" oath, under the Drake consti- 
tution, when he abandoned the profession and re-entered the employ of 
the railway company above mentioned, and continued in connection there- 
with till the spring of 1869. He then moved to Arrow Rock, in Saline 
county, where he has ever since resided. He is local elder in the M. E. 
Church, South, at that place, and is esteemed an unpretending Christian 
gentleman. December 12, 1858, he was married to Miss Susan I. 
Adams, a daughter of Judge J. D. Adams, of California, Missouri. They 
have four children living and one deceased, as follows: Mary E. B., 
Joseph Lee (deceased), Charles T., Maggie M., and John C, Jr. 

COL. JOHN THOMAS PRICE was born in Arrow Rock, Mis- 
souri, July 13, 1836. His father, Dr. William Price, a native of Mary- 
land, commenced the practice of medicine here, and on September 24th, 
1835, married Mary Ellen Sappington, the youngest daughter then living, 
of Dr. John Sappington. John T., or as he is familiarly called. Col. 
Tom. Price, is, therefore, the eldest of the six children now alive, who 
were born of this union. The rest are Mrs. E. J. Collins, of Arrow 
Rock, and Capt. William M., and Stephen G. Price, commission mer- 
chants, of St. Louis, and the Misses Mary Alice and Hope Azola Price, 
who reside at the homestead of their mother, yet living near Arrow 
Rock, Missouri. Dr. Wm. Price, after a lucrative practice of thirty 
3^ears, in which he vindicated himself to be a peer of the many able phy- 
sicians whom the reputation and success of Dr. Sappington attracted to 
this vicinity, died in 1865 at his beautiful residence, near the above town, 
which had just been completed when the war broke out, and is one of the 



568 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

most attractive houses in central Missouri. It is here that Col. Price 
indulges occasionally in those literary, political, and philosophic specula- 
tions which are a necessity to any man of the education and intellect 
which he possesses, while at the same time not neglecting those essen- 
tials of our physical existence, which the management of several thousand 
acres of farming land enables him very easily to acquire. He is one of the 
most genial and cultivated gentlemen of the many whom we met in this sec- 
tion — the Athens of Saline county; and therefore a short sketch of his 
past life is well justified, though obtained with difficulty. We learned 
that it was a cardinal principle with Dr. Price to give all of his children 
a complete education, and for that purpose he set apart six thousand dol- 
lars for each one, as they grew up, to use at their option in this matter. 
To those who know John T., it is superfluous to add that he consumed 
his full sum, and would have used double if the paternal exchequer had 
permitted; valuing, as he does, intellectual and spiritual treasures beyond 
all price, and setting little store to that earthly dross which moth and rust 
doth so easily corrupt, and thieves so readily steal. At the age of fourteen, 
after having attended the best local schools about home, he was sent to 
New Haven, Connecticut, preparatory to entering a college, where two 
of his cousins. Col. Vincent and Gen. John S. Marmaduke, were then 
students. He was well advanced already, for after one year of study in 
Latin and Greek, he entered the Freshman class, and graduated in his 
twentieth year, one of its 3'oungest members, in 18.56. After studying 
law with Judge Krum, in St. Louis, in the year 1857, not content, as yet, 
he spent the summer of '58 at the University of Virginia, where Wil- 
liam and Stephen Price then were, as a student in the chemical labora- 
tory, and from Charlottsville went to Europe. There he spent two years, 
being six months at Heidelburg; and besides the English language, we 
are informed he is the master of three others, German, French, and 
Spanish. He returned home on the eve of the election of 1860, and 
although in favor of Bell and Everett, the last representatives of the old 
whig party, in whose teachings of nationalism as opposed to sectional 
controversy, Col. Price had been reared — his father having always been 
a whig — after Lincoln was elected he opposed secession in public 
speeches at Marshall and Arrow Rock, with all the force and influence 
he could summon. 

Saline county, being the centre of a large slave-holding interest, and 
the home of C. F. Jackson, his uncle by marriage, and the then Governor 
of Missouri, was the hot-bed of "Southern Rights," and with party feel- 
ing ready to burst into organized war, it required not only strong convic- 
tions, but great boldness of character, even in a man of Colonel Price's 
high social position, to resist the popular torrent. After argument had 
ceased, and the sword was unsheathed, on the first day of May, 1861, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 509 

Colonel Price was commissioned by the secretaty of war a second lieu- 
tenant in the fifth infantry of the regular U. S. Army. Prefering to per- 
form no acts except those incident to regular w^ar, and not to participate 
in conflicts about home and among his own kindred— nearly all of whom 
where on the other side, and among them both his own brothers, he 
sought militar}' service, honorable, but necessary, as remote as possible, 
and had the good fortune to be employed chiefly in the Adjutant Gen- 
eral's department. His first assignment of dut}' was at Fort Columbus, 
New^ York harbor, in the drilling and equipment of recruits, several 
detachments of which he distributed to the armies of Virginia in the sum- 
mer of '61, but in the fall of that year, he was chosen aid-de-camp on the 
staff' of General C. F. Smith, who was ordered from Fort Columbus to 
Paducah, Kentuck}-, to collect and organize a column, which subse- 
quentl}' moved on Fort Donelson, and thence to Shiloh, and the sea. In 
the winter of '62, however. Colonel Price was transferred to the head- 
quarters of the Mississippi department, and there acted as adjutant gen- 
eral of the district of St. Louis, on the staff' of General Hamilton, a 
brother-in-law^ of General Halleck, then chief commander of the depart- 
ment. St. Louis at this time was a vast camp, for the organization and 
shipment of troops to Tennessee, and when General Halleck, on the eve 
of his departure, took the field in person to command that army, Colonel 
Price was again promoted to be an aid-de-camp on his staff". In that 
capacity, alongside of Generals Grant, Sherman and Thomas, McPherson 
and Sheridan, the two latter of w^hom were also staff' officers of General 
Halleck. Colonel Price served with the Tennessee army until Halleck 
was called to Washington to superintend, under Secretary Stanton, the 
strategic movements of all the United States armies. Therefore the staff' 
of General Halleck was largely disbanded, and Colonel Price was returned 
to St. Louis, as chief mustering and disbursing officer of volunteers for 
the Mississippi department, having charge of hundreds of thousands of 
dollars, without any bond, and payable on his own individual check at the 
U. S. sub-treasury. Here he mustered into the U. S. service the com- 
mands of Generals F. P. Blair and Clinton B. Fisk, Governor Fletcher 
being a colonel of one, paying the expenses of collecting, drilling and feed- 
ing the recruits, and large sums in bounties, etc., and as many irregulari- 
ties then existed, he composed a phamphlet giving details of uniform 
action, in respect to this branch of the service, which afterwards became 
the basis of a fuller one issued from the adjutant general's office. These 
duties being very onerous and responsible, while not very pleasant to a 
man indisposed to make money out of his office, opportunities and temp- 
tations to which were very abundant. Colonel Price, in the fall of '62, 
accepted an off'er from Governor Gamble, by consent of the secretary of 
war to command the Ninth Missouri cavalry, but as a vacancy occurred 



570 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in the First Missouri cavalry, of which a regular U. S. army officer was 
commander, Colonel Price preferred to serve under him as lieutenant 
colonel, rather than accept a raw regiment. With this command he acted 
in Arkansas and Tennessee, but as the companies of it had been scattered * 
in different departments, and could not be collected for any brilliant service, 
and he was shortly promoted to a captaincy of the Fifth infantry U. S. A., 
he asked to be relieved and put in command of his own company, then 
stationed in New Mexico, where he went in the fall of '63, and served 
until it became evident that the toils of the Union armies were fast closing 
around the corpse of the rebellion. 

During the last year of our war, the Emperor Maximillian was at the 
height of his power in Mexico; while President Juarez, driven to El 
Paso, with some of his staff officers at work as laborers in the quarter- 
master's department of Fort Bliss, headquarters of the .5th Infantry, was, 
during the same year, flooding New Mexico with emissaries, seeking aid 
in the form of American soldiers and officers, to what seemed to be the 
dying cause of liberty in that republic. Col. Price, seeing no prospect or 
necessity for his regiment of regulars to be called from camp life on the 
frontier, eastward, where the death struggle of secession was then immi- 
nent; and preferring, at any rate, foreign to domestic war, determined to 
throw up his commission, so as to be in a condition to take part against 
French imperialism. This he did more readily on account of chronic 
rheumatism, which he contracted by sleeping on the ground, in crossing the 
plains, and required time and the hot springs of New Mexico for a cure. CoL 
Price hoped to combine a body of Federal soldiers, who would be mustered 
out of the U. S. service, with some ambitious ex-Confederates; but when 
the war ended Maximillian had weakened, while Juarez had strength- 
ened, so as to be more independent, and then, what was wholly unaccount- 
able. Generals Price, Shelby & Co. took the wrong side, thus sinking to 
nothingness in Mexico, when, by taking the other side, they might have 
been heroes, and forever regarded as the liberators of a nation. When 
these dreams, however, had faded. Col. Price, though still in the city of Chi- 
huahua, and in correspondence with the Mexican government, hearing of 
the death of his father, which O'xurred September 30, 1865, immediately 
returned home, residing most of the time since with his mother, and 
assisting to keep intact a large landed estate through a long period of 
hard times and high taxes. In the spring of 1866, he opened a law office 
at Marshall, and helped to edit the Saline County Prooyess, strongly 
advocating the enfranchisement of the southern people; but when Presi- 
dent Johnson and the Blairs reorganized the democratic party, subse- 
quently, he withdrew from the paper and made an independent canvass 
for congress, as a conservative republican. He claimed then, as now,, 
that "democracy" is a misnomer for the opposition' to the northern 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 571 

monopolies; that it died with the war, and its name only keeps the north 
in power; that the new issues arising since our war, should have given us 
new names, new policies, new leaders, and a new era of peace and pros- 
peritv. He has since taken part in several canvasses as an independent 
republican, but always "scratches" his ticket in favor of the best men of 
either party. In religious matters Col. Price is as liberal, original, and 
independent as in politics. He thinks when no believer in Christ shall 
vote for a man who is not likewise a practical Christian, in his judgment, 
and that when this kind of virtue is generally elevated to ofSce, as a mat- 
ter of paramount importance to mere political differences, in contrast to 
the demagogues, liars, and thieves, now generally in office, the kingdom 
of God will have been established, to endure for ages, and that America, 
with its system of free suffrage, is the stone cut out of a mountain, which 
will some day fill the whole earth. In other w^ords, it will represent a 
government of God's rulers, for the benefit of God's children. If not 
orthodox, he is at least patriotic. In 1866, December 5, Col. Price mar- 
ried Miss Sarah M. Bradford, of Arrow Rock, Missouri, who died 
December 30, 1870; and her death, together with that of an infant son, 
born September 24, of the same year, occasioned him much religious 
study for several years afterward. Of this union, Eulalia May Price, 
born June 12, 1868, remains to cheer her father. 

JOHN B. HUSTON was born in Saline county, Missouri, July 16, 
1854. His father and mother were natives, respectively, of Missouri and 
Virginia. He was raised on a farm, receiving his education in the com- 
mon schools. He is a carpenter by trade, but is now engaged in the drug 
business, in Arrow Rock. He has a good trade— is largely patronized, 
and deserves the success he has attained. He keeps a full assortment of 
pure drugs, and deals justly and liberally with his patrons. Mr. Huston 
is a young man, who is yet " heart whole and fancy free," but is emi- 
nently deserving of the fair. Of temperate habits, active, energetic and 
persevering, a prosperous future awaits him, and, if spared to old age, it 
will surely be his pleasure to review a pathway of life all strewn with 

roses. 

WILLIAM B. SAPPINGTON, second son of Dr. John Sappington, 
was born in Franklin, Tennessee, January the 4th, 1811. When Wil- 
liam was about six years of age, his father moved to a farm, near the 
present site of Glasgow, in Howard county, Missouri. Thence, in 1819, 
to Saline countv, where he remained with his father on the farm, attend- 
ing the common schools of the neighborhood. At the age of seventeen, 
he was sent to Cumberland College, a manual labor institution, near 
Princeton, Kentucky, where he remained four years. Returning home, 
he commenced the study of law, but his eyes failing him, he relinquished 
the undertaking, and turned his attention to farming, at the same time. 



572 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

assistino- his father in the manufacture and sale of " Sappington's Anti-Fever 
Pills." In the enterprise, he was associated with his father, as partner, about ' 
ten years. On the 3d day of September, IS-tl, Mr. Sappington was mar- 
ried to Miss Mary Mildred, a daughter of Gov. John Breathitt, of Ken- 
tucky. Their union resulted in the following children: WiUiam Breath- 
itt, (deceased), John Cardwell, Mildred J., Erasmus D. and Stella. In pol- 
itics, Mr. Sappington has alwaj's been a democrat, and during the war 
was in S3'mpathy with the South. From his earl}- manhood, he has been 
prominent in the politics of the country, not as an office-seeker, nor an 
office-holder, but as a representative of public sentiment in various politi- 
cal assemblies, during a period of more than forty years. In 1844, he 
was a delegate to the national convention, which met_ at Baltimore and 
nominated James K. Polk, for president. He has also been a member of 
several state conventions, and other public bodies — yet he has persist- 
ently declined to hold office, preferring to pursue his private vocation, 
which demands his whole attention. He is ever ready, however, at the 
call of his friends, to assist, by both personal exertion and pecuniary con- 
tribution, in any measure deemed conducive to the public good, or neces- 
sary in the economy of government. A man of notable public spirit, he 
contributes liberally to any enterprise that looks to the advancement of his 
state, county or community. Of great heart and large charity, the suffer- 
ing poor find in him a friend and benefactor. But the most beautiful 
trait of his character is his plain, unselfish, unassuming disposition, which 
invites the esteem of even a stranger, and makes one, temporarily beneath 
his roof, feel himself the participant of a genuine, old-fashioned hospital- 
ity. He has been more than twenty years, trustee and treasurer of the 
" Sappington School Fund." In 1866, he was elected president of the 
bank of Missouri, at Arrow Rock, in which capacity he continues to 
serve. His wife, who was man}' years a member of the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church, and an earnest Christian, died August 13, 1880. 
No man in Saline county is more closely identified with her interests; and 
in all the elements of true manhood, William B. Sappington is excelled by 
no living man. This is not the language of a fulsome panegyrist, but a 
faithful epitome of a life that challenges the admiration of every lover of 
truth, purity and benevolence. 

JESSE T. BAKER. The subject of this sketch is a native of Saline 
county, Missouri, and was born in the town of Arrow Rock, September 
5, 1847. He received a fair education in the common schools, which he 
has greatly improved by intercourse with men, and by his faculty of 
obtaining whatever of useful information is to be gleaned from passing 
events. In 1863, he became a clerk in the dry goods store of H. S. Mills, 
of Arrow Rock, and was thus employed about seven years, when he 
opened a drug store on his own account in his native village. In 1875, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 573 

Mr. Baker embarked in the commission business in St. Louis, but after 
two years returned to Arrow Rock, where he joined the occupation of 
farming to that of merchandising. He is the owner of a farm in section 
27, township 50 of range 19, which is undoubtedly one of the finest in the 
county. It contains 160 acres, and is excellently adapted, not only to the 
growth of all the cereals, but is admirably suited to the raising of hemp, 
and every variety of fruit indigenous to this climate. The soil is deep, 
fertile, and exhaustless, and the entire farm is finely improved. The 
dwelling and out-buildings are substantial and commodious, and the sup- 
ply of water is perennial and abundant. The farm is convenient to mar- 
ket, and the completion of the proposed Hannibal & Southwestern rail- 
road, will make it one of the most valuable and desirable places in the 
county. Mr. Baker was married in January, 1874, to Miss Belle C. Brad- 
ford, a daughter of the late Dr. Charles M. Bradford. Lottie Cosette, 
Ida L., Lavinia Belle, and Jesse B. are their children. 

BENJAMIN F. TOWNSEND, was born in Logan county, Ken- 
tucky, October 11, 1818. In 1819, his father settled on a farm inCooper 
county, Missouri. He attended the common schools in the vicinity of his 
home, and his education is only such as they atiorded. The school houses 
at that early day were of a very rude and primitive kind, and the build- 
ing in which our subject attended school was made of unhewn logs, one 
of which was removed from either side and the apertures covered with 
greased paper to admit the light. The floor was the naked ground. In 
1836, Mr. Townsend was employed as a clerk in a dry goods store at 
Jonesboro, the then county seat of Saline, where court was held in a log 
cabin, one apartment of which was used as a stable. In 1847, he opened 
a dry goods store in Arrow Rock, and has been engaged in that business 
continuously nearly thirty-five years. During this long period he has 
dealt liberally, justly, charitably with his fellow-citizens, and merits their 
lasting gratitude. March, 1855, he was married to Elizabeth Ann Dur- 
rette, by whom he had eight children, four of whom are now living. May 
22, 1867, his wife died. 

GEORGE A. MURRELL. In 1805, George Murrell, with his 
father, Samuel Murrell, emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky, and settled 
near Glasgow, in Barren county. There, February the 18th, 1826, the 
subject of this sketch, youngest son of George Murrell, was born. Mr. 
Murrell's parents died in his infancy, consequently he knows nothing of 
them, save what he has gathered from tradition. He was raised on a 
farm ; and farming, together with trading in live stock, has been his only 
occupation, except during a brief interval, mentioned below. His educa- 
tion is not more extensive than familiarity with the ordinary English 
branches — such as are taught in the common schools of the country. 
This, however, is greatly strengthened by strong natural endowments. 



574 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

coupkd with a retentive memory that stores whatever of value is to be 
learned from passing events. In 1847 Mr. Murrell went to New Orleans 
and engaged in buying horses and selling them to the government for ser- 
vice in the Mexican war. Three years later he left Kentucky, seeking a 
location farther west, and traveled the state of Missouri in every direc-. 
tion. Returning to Kentucky in the fall of 1850, he purchased and car- 
ried south a drove of mules, which he disposed of in the southern markets. 
Mr. Murrell then went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he bought a stock 
of dry goods and shipped them to Carrollton, Missouri, without having 
made any previous arrangement for their delivery, disposition, or stor- 
age — being unacquainted in Carrollton, and wholly unfamiliar wdth the 
mercantile business. He remained at Carrollton through the summer of 
1851, selling his goods with profit; becoming dissatisfied with merchan- 
dising, however, he sold the residue of his stock to a gentleman who had 
accompanied him from Kentucky, and w^ent to Saline county with the 
view of buying mules. Hearing of a certain lot of mules for sale, he 
called on their owner, intending to buy them; instead of doing so, how^- 
ever, he purchased the gentleman's farm, in section 11, township 49, of 
range 20 — the same on which Mr. Murrell now resides. In the wanter of 
1856 he sold his farm and w^ent to Texas, with the intention of settling in 
that State. He returned to Missouri, however, the following autumn, 
and re-purchased the farm he had sold. February, 1859, Mr. Murrell 
was married to Miss Sophia T. McMahan, of Cooper county, to w'hom 
were born three sons: Leonard D., Wm. B. and George A., Jr. The 
last named lost his life by falling into a well. Mr. Murrell's wufe died in 
1874, and he has since married Mrs. Sarah M. Thompson, nee Abney. 
One child, Minnie Sophia, blesses the second union. Of active, ardent 
temperament, no other calling could have been so congenial to his dispo- 
sition as that of farming; and, following the bent of his inclination with 
unyielding, patient endeavor, incited by a laudable ambition, and sustained 
by a consciousness of his own rectitude of purpose, Mr. Murrell has been 
amply and handsomely rewarded, as the truly deserving never fail to be. 
In politics, Mr. Murrell was, up to the war, a democrat. He has not 
voted for a presidential candidate since 1860, w^hen he cast his ballot for 
Stephen A. Douglas. While he deprecated civil war, he believed that 
secession w^as wTong, and that its toleration would be ruinous to the coun- 
try. Since that time he has been properly regarded as a republican, 
though, in truth, he is a member of no party. He upholds w^hat he 
believes to be right and contributes liberally to whatever, in his opinion, 
has a tendency to promote the public good, but supports no man merely 
because he is the "nominee " of a particular political party. 

JOSEPH P. WAGNER, M. D., w^as born in Coshocton county, 
Ohio, October 20, 1840. When Joseph was quite a small boy his father 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 575 

died, leaving him a meager estate, which he wisely elected to apj^ropriate 
to the purpose of obtaining an education. He attended the common 
schools of his native county, was also a student at a neighboring seminary, 
and subsequently at the Ohio Wesleyan University. In 1857, Dr. Wagner 
left Ohio, to locate in Chamois, Osage county, Missouri. Here he studied 
' medicine with Dr. W. S. McCall. In isr)0-l, he attended the St. Louis 
medical cojlege, at St. Louis, Missouri, and in the spring of the latter 3-ear, 
entered upon the practice of his profession in Chamois, Missouri. He con- 
tinued to practice in tl-fat place until October, 1S77, when he moved to 
Arrow Rock, Saline county, where he now' resides, and is favored with 
an extensive lucrative practice, being known and esteemed as one of the 
leading physicians of the county, as well as a courteous Christian gentle- 
man of a generous and obliging disposition. In November, 1861, Dr. 
Wagner w^as joined in marriage to Miss Clara R. Lyons, of Chamois. 
The union was blessed by five children, as follows: Lee, Mattie K., 
Georgia L., Clara L., and Ona (deceased). Mrs. Wagner, however, is 
not now among the living. She died in Arrow Rock, in March, 1879. 
Dr. Wagner has since married Miss S. T. Stratton, of Linn, Missouri. 
As a representative of Osage county. Dr. Wagner, was a member of the 
28th general assembly of Missouri. A good parliamentarian, a ready 
debater, a ftuent, forcible speaker, his rank in that body is easily imag- 
ined. A man of unflagging energy, of zealous devotion to personal and 
professional duty, a skillful, vigilant practitioner. Dr. Wagner receives and 
deserves the moral and material support of those among whom his lot is 
cast. 

FRANCIS M. HICKERSON. The subject of this sketch is a native 
of Livingston county, Missouri, and was born August 6, 1841. When 
the boy was about three years old his father moved to Saline county, and 
settled on a farm, near the present site of Slater. His literary training is 
limited to that acquired in the common schools, but, in the fall of 1865, he 
entered the Ohio Dental College, at Cincinnati, Ohio. After attending a 
course of lectures, he returned to Missouri, and began the practice of 
dentistry, at Glasgow, whence, after one year, he moved to Arrow" Rock, 
Saline county, w^here he has ever since remained, pursuing his profession. 
Dr. Hickerson w^as married July 9, 1868, to Miss Sallie Cobb, of Roche- 
port. They have one child, Mattie. Dr. H. has a good practice, which 
he justly merits, because he has succeeded. "The test of merit is success." 

CARTER M. SUTHERLIN. Michelborough and Sarah Sutherlin, 
the parents of the subject of this sketch, were natives of Virginia, but, in 
1834, emigrated to Missouri, and settled on a farm, in Cooper county. 
Here, on the 11th day of December, 1836, Carter M. Sutherlin was 
born. He received such education as the common schools of the neigh- 
borhood atlbrded, and in 1851 moved to Arrow Rock, where he embarked 



576 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in the mercantile and commission business, in which he is now (ISSl) 
engaged. In May, I860, Mr. Sutherlin joined the Missouri state guards, 
in which service he was first lieutenant, in Capt. W. B. Brown's company, 
till that officer's promotion, when he was elected to succeed him. After 
six months, Capt. Sutherlin joined the 2d Missouri cavalry, of the Confed- 
erate army, under command of Col. Robert McCulloch, and was first 
lieutenant in the company of which George Harper was captain. He was 
in the first Booneville fight, and also in the engagements of Carthage, 
Springfield, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth, Holly Springs, Tupelo, 
Memphis, and the famous Fort Pillow, as well as in all the important 
battles in east Tennessee and northern Mississippi, in which the 2d Mis- 
souri cavalry participated. Capt. Sutherlin served throughout the war, 
and, in May, 1865, received his parole, at Columbus, Mississippi, to return 
to his home in Arrow Rock, and resume the commission business — deal- 
ing in grain, groceries, tobacco, etc. In 1874, he was elected county clerk, 
but resigned in January, 1876. November 30, 1865, Capt. Sutherlin was 
married to Miss Nannie H. McMahan, of Arrow Rock, a union blessed 
by three children, as follows: Frank Gaines, Ray Michelborough, and 
Guy Hunter. A worthy citizen, a true soldier, a generous and obliging 
gentleman, we take pleasure in paying this tribute to a character deserving 
a more extended notice than the plan of this work will allow. 

LUCIUS J. GAINES was born in Petersburg, Virginia, but came to 
Missouri about 1854, ancj taught school for several 3'ears in Glasgow, from 
which town he moved to Arrow^ Rock and engaged in business, first with 
D. R. Durrett and afterwards with Capt. C. M. Sutherlin. In response 
to Gov. Jackson's call tor troops for the Confederate service, he joined the 
"State Guards," and retreated south with Gov. Jackson; was wounded at 
Carthage. In February, 1862, he joined the 2d Missouri cavalry, and 
was adjutant to its commander. Col. Robt. McCulloch. In this capacity he 
continued to serve until he lost his life in the battle of Moscow, Tennessee, 
in the autumn of 1863. His remains were buried at Holly Springs, Mis- 
sissippi. 

ROBERT W. McClelland. The subject of this sketch was 
born in Callaway county, Missouri, December 24, 1835. His parents, 
Elisha and Elizabeth McClelland, were natives of Bourbon count}-, Ken- 
tucky, but about the year 1830, removed to Missouri, and settled in Cal- 
laway county, on the farm where Robert was born. The boy attended 
the schools of Rocheport, where he received the rudiments of an educa- 
tion, afterwards completed at Walnut Grove Academy, in Boone county, 
and at the University of Virginia. In 1858, he commenced reading medi- 
cine with Dr. John Wilcox, at Rocheport, and in the fall of the following 
year, entered the University of Virginia, above mentioned. After the 
execution of the celebrated John Brown at Harper's Ferry, he returned 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 077 

to ^Missouri, and began the practice of his chosen profession. In the fall 
of ISni, he entered the Missouri Medioal College, in which he took two 
courses of lectures. During the latter session he was appointed dental 
surgeon of the college, which position he held till the succeeding winter, 
discharging its duties with credit to himself and to the faculty. Leaving 
the ^Missouri INIedical College, he went to Pleasant Green, Cooper county, 
and re-commenced the practice of medicine. On the 18th of December, 
1861, Dr. McClelland was united in marriage to Miss Mattie Phillips, 
daughter of Judge Hiram and Elizabeth Phillips, and cousin of Col. John 
F. Phillips, at present (1881) a representative in congress. A daughter, 
Nora Adella, blesses the union. Dr. McClelland being a sympathizer 
with the south, and an advocate of the principles for which she took up 
arms, was elected secretary of the first meeting held in that neighborhood 
for the purpose of raising troops for the Confederate service, in obedience 
to a call made by Claiborne F. Jackson, the governor of the state. This 
was a strong Union neighborhood, largel}' settled by Germans, all of 
whom were zealous adherents to the Federal cause; hence the surround- 
ings w^ere not congenial to one of Dr. McClelland's views. About this 
time a regiment of Confederate recruits was organized, of which Dr. 
McClelland was elected surgeon. But having been petitioned by a num- 
ber of the citizens of Bell Air and vicinity, to cast his lot among them, he 
chose to accept the latter. 

Dr. McClelland remained at Bell Air till the fall of ] 803. By this time 
the country had become infested by a class of soldiers, of either army, 
who had little regard for the property or lives of those who opposed 
them. Hence the safety of citizens was in constant peril. Especialh- that 
of one engaged in the active pursuit of a practicing ph3'sician. There- 
fore, Dr. McClelland accepted the invitation of his aged father-in-law to 
make the latter's house his home. He remained with his father-in-law, in 
Boone county, till the spring of 1864, at which time he purchased a farm 
adjoining Millersburg, in Callaway county, Missouri, and continued 
thereon till -the next spring, when he sold the farm and removed to Arrow 
Rock, in Saline county, where he continued the practice of his profes- 
sion, and has ever since resided. 

Dr. McClelland has been favored with a large and lucrative practice, 
to which professional skill, coupled with devotion to duty, justly entitle 
him. He is known not only as one of the leading physicians of Arrow 
Rock, but ranks high among the foremost physicians of Missouri. He 
was appointed by the general assembly a member of the board of phy- 
sicians to examine the graduating class (1879) of medical students of the 
state university. On the death of Dr. Arnold, professor of theory and 
practice, in that institution, he was tendered that chair, by its president 

37 



57S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



1 



and board of curators. Preferrino- an active practice, however, he 
respectfully declined. A public-spirited gentleman. Dr. McClelland takes 
great interest in whatever looks to the advancement of societ}-, or to the 
amelioration of the condition of his fellow-man. Having ever been a fast 
friend of public enterprise, progressive, energetic, the success he has 
achieved, as a physician, citizen, and member of societv, is not to be won- 
dered at. In addition to his professional labors, Dr. M. deals in live- 
stock, and is considerably interested in real estate, owning three farms in 
Saline, one in Cooper, and one in Gentry county, Missouri. He is now 
(Februar}', ISSl,) in connection with others, activel}' engaged in further- 
ing the project of building a railway, to be known as the Hannibal & 
Southwestern, and to cross the Missouri river at Arrow Rock. 

JOHN H. GAINES, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Albemarle 
county, Virginia, September 15, 1S28. The third son of Mortimer D. 
Gaines, was about seven years old when his father moved west, from 
Virginia, and settled in Saline count}'. Most of his education was 
obtained in this county. His first teacher was David Howard, and the 
school house, near the present Russell farm, six miles from Arrow Rock, 
was a log cabin, the interstices in the wall daubed with mud, and the 
benches composed of split logs with legs put in them — similar to all the 
school houses of the county at that day. To reach this, John had to 
walk three miles across the prairie. Science may not have been so 
advanced in these old school houses as it is in the more imposing ones of 
the present day, but there was more religion, and somehow their teach- 
ing resulted in better men. Mr. Gaines lived with his father, ofT and on, 
until 1868. About 18.55 a quarter section of land, 160 acres, was entered 
for him bv his father, and a hedge planted around it, to which 260 acres 
was afterward added. In 1862 he w^ent to Canada, and remained there 
a year, spending some time at Niagara, and in lUinois. In 1863 he 
returned home, and went with his brother. Dr. Gaines, to Colorado, 
where he remained until Februar}', 1864-, returning to Nebraska City, 
where he spent some months. In the spring of 1864 he came back to 
his father's farm, and remained there until 1872, farming with his brother 
William. In 1872 he moved to his own farm, which he has improved 
finely, having 4:20 acres, all under fence, and fenced off into 40-acre fields. 

WILLIAM WASHINGTON ALLEN, P. O., Marshall. Was born 
in Bourbon county, Kentucky, May 17, 1820, where he was raised and 
educated. His father, Asa Allen, was a native of Virginia, coming, when 
quite a boy, with his parents, to Bourbon county, Kentucky, where he 
also was raised and educated. At the age of twenty-three, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Sallie Duly, born in Clark county, Kentucky, and to them 
were born nine children, of whom eight are now living, six girls and two 
boys: Mrs. Mary Ann Ford, Mrs. Elizabeth Kennedy, Mrs. Amanda 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 579 

Ammerman, Mrs. Susan Cartrill, Mrs. Ellen Carrick and Mrs. Catherine 
Coil, John W., and Wm. W. In 1837, his first wife died in Bourbon 
county, and was buried at Pleasant Green Church. Afterwards, he mar- 
ried Miss Polly Berry, and by her had one child, a daughter, Mrs. Sallie 
Petticord. His second wife died in 1840, in Bourbon county, and w^as 
buried there. His third wife was Eliza J. Morgan, a native of New Jer- 
sey, and they have three children, all living, two boys and one girl: Ear- 
nest, David W. and Mrs. Elvira Anderson. Mr. Allen died September 
10, 1856. Wm. Allen, the second son of his father's first wife, lived with 
his father on the farm, m Bourbon county, Kentucky, until he was thirty 
3'ears of age. During the next five years, he liv^ed and farmed for him- 
self. At the age of thirty-five, he was married to Miss Mar}- O. Ward, 
a native of Kentucky, and daughter of C. A. Ward, merchant. They 
had six children, four of them living, two sons and two daughters: 
Rubene, Asa W., William C, Georgie B.; all except the last born in Ken- 
tucky. In the spring of 1867, he moved to SaHne county, and lived five 
years on the place adjoining Marshall, which Judge Strother owns, and 
where he now resides. Mr. Allen sold 20 acres of this land, at $200 per 
acre. He also sold to Samuel Boyd, 40 acres, upon part of which the 
depot now stands — and then traded the balance, 137 acres, for 375 acres, 
where he now lives, six miles east of Marshall. He now has a fine farm 
of 260 acres, all under fence and in cultivation. 

JAMES M. DURRETT, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Saline 
county, Missouri, October 24, 1853, where he was raised, and was edu- 
cated at Kemper's Academv, Booneville, Missouri. His father, Marshall 
Durrett, was a native of Virginia, coming to Missouri at about the age of 
eighteen, and was married to Margaret Garrett. After leaving school, 
he went home, and with his brother, M. C. Durrett, worked his father's 
farm, eight miles east of Marshall, on the Marshall and Arrow Rock 
road. In 1876, he built on his own farm, just north of the old homestead, 
and moved there, and has lived there since. He owns 180 acres of prai- 
rie land, and is busily and successfully engaged in farmirvg. He is not yet 
married, but then he ma}- be any time. 

WILLIAM F. GAINES, F. O., Marshall. Mr. Gaines was born in 
Albemarle county, Virginia, January 13, 1826. His father, M. D. Gaines, 
was born in Culpepper county, \^irginia, and was a farmer there. He w^as 
married, January 10, 1822, to Emily Fretwell, a native of Albemarle 
county, Virginia. They had five children, three of whom are now living, 
two sons, William F. and John H., and one daughter, Mrs. Matilda L. 
Piper. Mr. M. D. Gaines is still living; his wife died September 5, 1873, 
and was buried in the Marshall cemetery. He moved to Saline county in 
1835, and first settled seven miles northwest of Arrow Rock, on what is 
now known as the Dinsmore farm, bringing his negroes from \"!rginia with 



580 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

him. William F., the second son, was about nine years old when his 
parents moved to Saline county, and recalls very little of the then long, 
tedious trip. He obtained his education in this county. Until he was 
married, he attended to his father's business. In 1869, June 3, he was 
married to Miss M. A. Ingram, a native of Saline, and daughter of James 
S. Ingram, who was a native of Montgomery county, Virginia, and mar- 
ried Miss M. J. Gorham, a native of Tennessee. Mrs. Wm. F. Gaines 
was educated at McGee College during the years 1858-9. They have 
had four children, three of whom are now living, all girls: Emma, Addie, 
and Ella. After his marriage, Mr. Gaines moved to a farm entered by 
his father, eight miles east of Marshall, on which he now resides, owning 
and farming 320 acres of splendid land. During the war he did not enter 
the army, his father being so feeble that he w^as compelled to stay and 
take care of him. 

GEORGE WILLIS, P. O., Orearville. Was born in Orange county, 
Virginia, June 14, 1834, where he was reared and educated. His father, 
Joshua Willis, was a native of Madison county, Virginia, and a farmer. 
He was married to Ara Willis, a native of Culpepper county, Virginia, 
and daughter of Isaac Willis. They had seven children, five of which 
are living: Owen T., Benj. F., George, Mrs. Betty T. Lewis and Mrs. 
Mary Ish. Joshua Willis died and was buried in Culpepper county, Vir- 
ginia; his wife survived him, died and was buried at Mt. Horeb, in Saline 
county, in 1865. George, the fourth son, after stopping school, devoted 
his time to the management of his mother's business on the farm. In the 
fall of 1857, he, wath his mother and family, moved west, settling in Saline 
county, Missouri, where two of his brothers had already located some 
years previous. They traveled by land in wagons, and brought some 
twent}^ or thirty slaves with them. They first settled on what is now 
know^n as the Richard Durrett farm, two miles south of the present city 
of Slater, where he farmed until 1859. In April, 1859, he was married to 
Miss Margia Ish, of Saline county, a daughter of W. L. Ish. They have 
two children: Ortha L. and Etha G.; and in the same year he moved to 
the farm on which he now resides, five and one-half miles south of Slater, 
where he owns eighty-eight acres of first-class land. In the fall of 1864, 
he enlisted in company G, Williams' regiment, Shelby's division, as a pri- 
vate, and was in the battles of Independence, Big and Little Blue, West- 
port and near Ft. Scott. He was discharged in 1865, and returned to his 
farm. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 581 

BLACKWATER TO^VNSHlP. 

A. H. HANLEY, P. O., Longwood. One of the early settlers of the 
southern portion of this county; was born in what is now West Virginia, 
March S, 1819, where he was raised, and educated in the country schools 
then in vogue. He came to iMissouri in 1840, in company with Mr. C. G. 
Clark, and settled in this county (both of them) in the vicinity of his 
present residence. When he started from Virginia he had only $87,37^ 
in cash, and when he landed in Saline, he had just $12 in mone}-, and 
a moon-eyed pony, with which to make his fortune. Soon after reaching 
here, he was employed in building a bridge over Blackwater, at the Sheri- 
dan ford, at fifty cents per day. He worked 148 days, and was thus enabled 
to get forty acres of land, part of the tract now owned T3y Mr. J. Q. Bell- 
wood. He now owns a fine farm of 340 acres of land, well improved, a 
fine two stor}- house, etc. He borrowed the oxen with which he first 
plowed his prairie; but tiie farmers in those times were much more liberal 
and accommodating than they are at the present day — so Mr. Hanley says, 
at any rate. His property, which is considerable, is the result of his own 
energy and perseverance, except, perhaps, one thousand dollars. When 
Messrs. Hanley and Clark started to Missouri, they made their way to 
Kanawa in wagons, and by laying in their own provisions, made a con- 
tract with a boat, by which they reached Cincinnati for six dollars, and 
from Cincinnati to St. Louis for twenty dollars. Mr. Hanley was mar- 
ried three times, his last wife being Miss Pheobe E. Claycombe of this 
county. He is the father of eleven children, eight of them. May E., 
John C, Virgy, James M., Lillie B., George VV., Robert Eee, and Deal, 
now living. In 1857, he purchased and moved to his present farm, and 
has proved himself a success. 

SAMUEL R. COCKRELL was born in Cooper county, Missouri, 
December 2, 1850, and came with his parents to Saline county in 1856. 
He was educated at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. In 1870, 
Mr. Cockrell settled upon his farm in Saline, and commenced the business 
of farming, and is a young man of steady habits and good business qual- 
ifications, making a successful farmer and stock-raiser. After the death 
of Mr. R. V. Harvey, Mr. Cockrell purchased his farm, and there, with 
a young and charming wife, to whom he was married in September, 1880, 
and surrounded by all the comforts of life, he has a happy future before 
him. 

F. M. STOTTS. The subject of this sketch was born in Pettis county, 
Missouri, April 3, 1851, and received his education at the college at 
Georgetown, Missouri. In the year 1875, he quit farming, and engaged 
in merchandising at Ridge Prairie. On the 12th of June, 1876, Mr. 
Stotts was married to Miss Mary Sw^ank, of Mississippi county, Missouri. 



582 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

He has made merchandising a success, and as he has purchased property 
and built a large store-room in the village, he may now be considered 
permanently settled, and his urbanity and strict attention to business, has 
won for him the respect and patronage of the people. 

RICHARD W. NICOLDS was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 
1831, and hence is now lifty years of age. He was raised in Howard 
county, and educated at the old Howard high school in Fayette. In 1857 
he was married to Miss Sallie A. Hurt, of Sahne county, and moved to 
Saline at the close of the war, in 1865. Mr. Nicolds was present at the 
first Booneville fight, having joined the state guard, under Price. In 
December, 1861, he was captured with Frank Robertson's regiment, at 
Blackwater, and sent first to McDowell's College, St. Louis, and 
then to the Alton, Illinois, prison. He was a prisoner nine months, and 
then exchanged at Vicksburg. He then rejoined the Confederate army, 
and surrendered at the close of the war, at Shreveport, Louisiana. Since 
the w'ar Mr. Nicolds has resided in Saline county, and has taken an active 
part in the politics of the county. 

RICHARD MARSHxALL, pioneer, was born in Albemarle county, 
Virgiaia, in the year 1790, and was one of the pioneers of Saline county. 
At the early age of eighteen, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Rhodes, 
of Virginia, and in the fall of 1822, he immigrated to Missouri, landing 
in Howard county, on Christmas day of that year. In the spring of 1823, 
he lost his wife, by whom he had had seven children, only two of whom 
are now living. In the summer of 1824, he married Miss Jane Gwin, by 
whom he had eight children, only three of whom are now living: Joseph, 
James M. and Mrs. Marv J. Thorp. In the year l:s25, Mr. Marshall 
entered land in Saline county, upon which he settled during the succeed- 
ing year, and upon which he remained until his death, which occurred at 
his residence, March 26,1872. Mr. Marshall came to this county, in mod- 
erate circumstances, but he became a large and successful farmer and 
stock raiser, and died one of the wealthy men of Saline county. Mr. 
Marshall was an honest man, and stood high for his honor and integrity, 
wherever known. 

JOSEPH MARSHALL, the subject of this sketch, is a native of 
Saline county, and was born on the 20th of March, 1827, and was edu- 
cated in the common schools of the neighborhood. When only about 
twenty years old, he volunteered in the Mexican war, and belonged to 
Captain Reed's Saline county compan}-, under Doniphan, and served in 
his famous expedition to Chihuahua, and was present at the battles of 
the Bracito and Sacramento. In 1849, Mr. Marshall started to Califor- 
nia, but his health became so bad, he had to return home. The next year, 
however, went to California, and remained there, engaged in mining, until 
lb53, when he returned home to Saline. In the fall of that same year, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 583 

Mr. Marshall was married to Miss May Porter, and in March, IS 54, he 
moved to his present residence. Of this marriage, Mr. Marshall had two 
children, one of whom, R. A. Marshall resides on a farm in Pettis county. 
His wife dyin^ in ]So5,in 1856, Mr. Marshall married Miss Lizzy M. L3-nch, 
by whom he has had nine children, four boys and five girls, all of whom 
are living. Mr. Marshall owns 800 acres of fine land, and is a successful 
farmer and stock dealer. 

>i REUBEN V. HARVEY, deceased. Was born in Orange county, 
Virginia, March 23, 1811, and moved to Saline county, Missouri, in 1823. 
In 1825 or 1826 he built the first store at Ridge Prairie, and sold goods 
there for a number of years, running the store in connection with his 
farm. Besides carrving on his extensive farm, he was a large trader in 
all kinds of country produce, and dealer in cattle, mules and hogs. In 
1856 he was married to his third wife, Margaret Cockrell. Was a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church, South, having joined many years ago, under the 
ministry of Dr. Boyle, and up to the time of his death, which occurred 
January 18, 1877, he was a most useful, active and public-spirited citizen. 
In him society lost a genial member, and his associates a warm, true 
friend. He was ever ready, both with advice and means, to aid the 
young and struggling, and his death was greatly deplored. 

STEPHEN DIAL, is a native of Missouri, having been born in Cooper 
county in 1832. He emigrated to California in 1852, where he remained 
for three years, and then returned to Cooper county. On the 19th of 
August, 1855, he was married to his cousin, Miss Dial. In the fall of the 
same year he moved to Texas, and remained there for a number of years, 
In the spring of 1862 he enlisted in the Confederate army, orderly sergeant, 
Co. G, Stone's regiment, Texas cavalry, and was under E. Kirby Smith 
in the campaigns against Banks and Steele, at the battle of Mansfield and 
others too numerous to mention. In 1866 he left Texas and settled at his 
present home in Saline county, Missouri. Mr. Dial is the father of five 
children, only two of whom, S. H. and Stephen P., are now living. He is 
a good farmer and a hospitable, clever gentleman. 

O. D. FINLEY, was born in Boone county, Missouri, January 20, 1827, 
and there grew to manhood, and was educated in the schools of the 
country. In 1849, at the age of twenty-two, he moved with his father to 
Saline count\^, and settled in the immediate neighborhood of his present 
residence. On the 2d of December, 1851, he was married to Miss Sallie 
Stoneman, by whom he had six children, of whom John, Robert H., Wil- 
liam O., and Lewis M. are now living. Robert is a graduate of the Mis- 
souri Medical College, and is married. Mr. Finley has been a successful 
farmer, and has been a justice of the peace for Blackw-ater township for a 
number of years, as he is at present. , 

JOHN ZEIGEL, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Jefierson county, 



584 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

New York, in 1841, and came to Missouri in 1854 with his parents, and 
settled in Cooper county, on the Lamine river, where he Hved about 
twelve years. He then married Miss Louisa Vociel, and had three chil- 
dren: Charles, Ida M. and Esther E. His wife died in 1873, and he mar- 
ried the second time to Miss Fannie Housborouf]^h, daughter of Col. 
Housborough, of this county. They have three children: Mattie Belle, 
Alonzo and William A. He is a member of the Methodist Church, South. 
During the w^ar Mr. Zeigel was in the commissary department of the 
regular United ^States service, and did not participate in any battles. He 
has a farm of 115 acres, well improved and well stocked. He had no 
start, but has made all he has by his own industry and management 
Except about one year and a half, during which he clerked in a store, in 
Booneville, he has been farming most of his life. 

STRAUTHER CLx\RK, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Monroe 
count}'. West Virginia, in 1S2!}. Was raised there and lived there until 
1851, then moved to this county and settled within a short distance of 
where he now lives, being one of the first settlers of that region. In 
1866 he married Miss Rosa J. Finley, daughter of P. D. Finley, of this 
county, by whom he has two children: Mara and Nancy, both living at 
home. Mr. Clark is a member of the Christian Church, with mem- 
bership at Bethlehem; is a Mason, member of Hemdon Lodge. In the 
war he did not join either army, being exempt, and was not molested 
except by the loss of one horse. 

JUDGE WM. B. NAPTON, P. O., Ridge Prairie. Judge Napton 
was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1808, where he was raised. He 
first attended school for some years in Lawrenceville, under the care of 
Rev. J. V. Brown, and at another academy in Princeton. He entered 
the college in Princeton, and graduated in 18"26. Through the kindness 
of Dr. Arch. Alexander, of the theological seminary, he was introduced 
into the family of Gen. W. F. Gordon, of Albemarle county, Virginia, and 
at that time in congress, where he lived three years, teaching his children 
and reading law in the general's library. He then entered the Universit}- 
of Virginia, and graduated in the law department under Prof. Lomax, and 
at the same time prosecuted the stud}- of modern languages, French, 
Spanish and Italian, under Bleutterman. Procuring a license from three 
judges, as the \"irginia law then required, he commenced the practice of 
law in Charleston, Virginia, and continued there for two years, or until 
1832. In 1832, at the instance of a friend, he moved to Columbia, Mis- 
souri, with the view of establishing there a political paper, but finally decided 
to establish the paper in Fayette, Howard count v, Missouri, under the name 
of the Boonslick Democrat. While practicing law and editing this paper, 
he was elected secretary of the state senate. Shortly after the expiration 
of the session, on the transfer of the attornev general, R. W. Wells, to the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 5S5 

United States bench, he was appointed by Gov. Dunklin, attorney gen- 
eral of the state. In 1838, with the consent of the senate, he was appointed 
by Gov. Bogg's, one of the judges of the supreme court of Missouri, which 
position, by appointment and election. Judge Napton has continued to hold, 
with short intervels, as shown by the supreme court reports, until 1880, a 
period of forty years. Judge Napton was married in 1838, to Miss Malinda 
Williams, daughter of Judge Thomas L. Williams, chancellor of East 
Tennessee. Mrs. Napton died in 1862, leaving nine living children, and 
one dead, eight sons and one daughter, the latter being the wife of Mr. E. 
D. Montague, of Marshall. His sons are: William B., attorney at law, 
now living in this county; Thomas L., attorney at law, Deer Lodge, Mon- 
tana; John, James S., farming in Pettis county, Missouri; Chas. M., attorney 
at law, St. Louis, Missouri; H. P. Wellington, attorney at law, Joplin, Mis- 
souri; Lewis W., stockman, near Deer Lodge, Montana, and Frank. 
The judge started in life with nothing but a good education, but untiring 
energy and abilities of the highest order, has made his name known 
throughout the land; and he now owns a splendid farm of 1,760 acres of 
land in the most picturesque portion of Saline county. His residence 
was built in 1840, and is situated on a high wooded bluff, overlooking the 
Blackwater valley for miles. Judge Napton has always been an uncom- 
promising democrat. He and Senator Benton were at one time great 
political friends, but as the issue arose between the Benton and anti-Ben- 
ton democrats, on what are known as the "Jackson resolutions," (of which 
Judge Napton was the author), he squarely antagonized Mr. Benton, and 
was largely instrumental in his subsequent overthrow. 



CAMBRIDG^E TOAVNSHIP. 

CHARLES L. McCORMACK, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in 
Lincoln county, Kentucky, on the 18th of December, 1826, where he 
was raised on a farm, until he was eighteen years old, when he learned 
the carpenter's trade, and followed it until the breaking out of the war. 
He came to Missouri in 1850, and settled in Saline county the same 3'ear. 
On the 29th of May, 1819, he married Miss Mary E. Terry, daughter of 
Jno. T. Terry, and has eight children living, four boys and four girls. 
Two of his daughters and one son, are married, and he has four grand- 
children. Mr. McCormack lives on his farm near Cambridge, farming, 
carpentering, making hogsheads, prizing and shipping tobacco; and is 
highh" esteemed by his neighbors and associates. 

WILLIAM A. CANNON, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Cannon was 
born in Henderson county, Kentucky, on the 1st of April, 1822. He 
came to this county in 1857, and settled on the farm where he still lives. 
Mr. Cannon has been married four times. His first wife was Miss 



586 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Mahala ]Martin, to' whom he was married February 17, 184:2, and they 
had one child, a son. After the death of his first wife, he married Miss 
Margaret Powell, on the 14th of March, 1850, and to this marriage were 
born five children, one son and four daughters. After the death of the 
second Mrs. Cannon, he married Mrs. Susan V. Groves, on the 20th of 
October, 186H, but she bore him no children. On the 3d of September, 
1878, he married his fourth and last wife, the lady this time being Miss 
Nannie j. Howard, and to this union there has been born one son, Robert 
E. Lee Cannon, named for the famous confederate chieftain. Mr. Cannon 
has made farming his business all his life, and has raised and shipped 
forty-two crops of tobacco. 

JOHN W. WILSON, P. O., Gilliam. Is a brother of Dr. Robert H. 
Wilson, and was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, June 17, 1825. When 
quite a child he came with his parents to Missouri, in the fall of 1830. 
The entire family located in Saline county. He was raised on a farm, and 
after gaining his majority, and after his father's death, he took charge of 
the farm and continued on it until a few years ago, when he commenced 
a general mercantile business in the new town of Gilliam, where he may 
now' be found by all his old friends and associates. 

SAMUEL M. WILKES, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Bedford 
countv, Virginia, October 10, 1807. In the 3'ear 1811, he moved to Ken- 
tucky, and while there learned the trade of a stone and brick mason, and 
carried it on to a considerable extent. He came to Missouri in 1843, and 
settled in Saline county, followed his trade, and built about all the brick 
buildings put up in the town of Cambridge. After following his trade for 
several years, he went to farming. On the the 10th day of October, 
1832, he married Miss Margaret George, who was born October 15, 
1812. They have five children hving — four boys and one girl. 

PHILIP M. HILL, P. O., Gilliam. Was born in Prince Edward 
county, Virginia, December 9, 1810, and came to Missouri and settled in 
Saline county in the year 1837, and at once engaged in farming, stock- 
raising, and in pressing and shipping tobacco very extensively. Mr. Hill 
has been married three times, and is now living happily and contented 
with his third wife. He was first married to Miss Malinda Epperson, on 
the loth of February, 1825, and of this marriage he has six children, four 
boys and two girls. The second time, he was married to Miss Virginia 
Hawkins, March 10, 1854, and they had four children, two boys and two 
girls. His third and last marriage was to Miss Lucy Lucas, on the 15th 
of February, 1868. He lives on his splendid estate, surrounded by every 
luxury and hosts of friends. 

DANIEL S. NORVELL, P. O., New Frankfort. Was born in 
Buckingham countv, Virginia, February 6, 1813. He went to Kentucky 
in 1837, and from thence to Saline county, Missouri, in 1838, and carried 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 587 

on his occupation, which is that of carpenter, until 1851. Since that time 
he has been extensively engaj^ed in farming, prizing and shipping tobacco. 
Mr. Norvell was married to Miss Mary M. Guerrant, December 15, ls41, 
and by that marriage has seven children, four bo3's and three girls. After 
the death of his wife, he married again, the lady of his second choice being 
Miss Mary C. Rhoades, on the 19th of November, 1872. He has now 
been a resident of this county for forty-three years, and there is no man 
in the county more highly esteemed by those with whom he comes in 
daily contact. 

MRS. FRANCES M. McGUIRE, P. O. New Frankfort. Was born 
in Cumberland county, Virginia, on the 27th of August, 1S27, and came 
to this county in J 836, with her parents. On the 26th of December, 1851, 
she was married to Mr. George S. Hawkins, and to this union were born 
five children, two sons and three daughters. One son, John S. Hawkins, 
is a leading attorney of the Howard county bar, and city attorney at Glas- 
gow. After the death of Mr. Hawkins, the care of a large farm devolved 
upon her. She was married the second time, on the 3d day of March, 
1880, to Mr. Robert A. McGuire. Mrs. McGuire still lives on the old 
place, assisted by her husband in carrying on the farm. 

SAMUEL a". SHAW, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Shaw is a native 
of this county, and was born September 20, 1833. In 1840 he moved 
with his parents to St. Clair county, Missouri, and in 1847 to Cedar county, 
where he remained seven years, and then removed to Saline county, in 1853. 
He is a tanner by trade, but was engaged in freighting to New Mexico 
from 1853 to 1858, making his home in Saline county all the time. Fol- 
lowing the example of St. Paul he never married, and, except as already 
mentioned, and while in the Confederate armv, has spent his life in this 
county. In the spring of 1861 he joined the Missouri state guard, under 
Gov. Jackson's call for troops; private in company D, McCullough's reg- 
iment. Parson's brigade; then enlisted in company E, First Missouri cav- 
alry, Col. Shelby; then Gordon, C. S. A. He participated in battles of 
Booneville, lirst and second, Lexington, Carthage, Wilson Creek, Dry 
Wood, Big Blue, Westport, Newtonia, etc.; discharged 1864. 

WILLIAM A. LESSEE Y, P. O., Cambridge. A native of Missouri. 
Was born in Randolph county, on the 7th of March, 1842. Moved to 
Howard county in lsT2, thence to Saline county, in 1874, and engaged in 
farming. On the 13th of April, 1865, he married Miss Jennie Newman, 
of Howard county. Has seven children, five sons and two daughters. 
He has followed farming all his life, and is now feeding a large quantity 
of stock, cattle, horses, mules and hogs. He is a man of untiring energy, 
vim and sound judgment, and of large business capacity. 

MRS. ELIZA J. EVANS, P. O., Cambridge. Mrs. Evans was born, 
November 16, 1822, in Covington, Kentucky, situated on the Ohio river, 



5SS HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

immediately opposite Cincinnati. Her husband, Benjamin M. Evans, was 
born on the 22d of October, 1823, and they were married February 11, 
1841:. They came to Missouri and settled in Saline county, in 1854. She 
has eight children now living, as follows: Missouri T., born July 22, 
1846; Lee W., born April 6, 1848; Rhoda M., born December 30, 1850; 
John W., born April 20, 1852; Eliza P., born Nbvember 15, 1854; Mary 
J., born August 10, 1859; Sarah M., born September 10, 1861; and Jen- 
nie M., born February 21, 1865. Her son, Lee Evans, studied medicine — 
took his first course of lectures at the state university-, 1878 — and gradu- 
ated at the Missouri medical college of St. Louis, in 188^1, and is now 
practicing his profession at Lisbon, Howard county. Since her husband's 
death, Mrs. Evans has had charge of her large family, and of her farm, 
and by her excellent management, has greatly improved her fine estate. 

WILLIAM N. HUSTON, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Augusta 
county Virginia, July 31, 1815, and came with his parents to Missouri in 
1819, and settled in this county, where he was raised, and learned the sad- 
dler's trade at Arrow Rock. He worked as journeyman, and then car- 
ried on the business for himself until the war broke out in 1861. He was 
married on the 4th of June, 1844, to Miss Mary J. Burke, and has four 
children now living, two sons and two daughters, also one grandson and 
two granddaughters. Since the war, Mr. Huston has devoted his entire 
attention to farming. Twice — in 1843 and 1844 — he was driven from his 
home by the flood of the Missouri river. Part of his land was also inun- 
dated in 1881. Mr. Huston's head is white with the snows of many win- 
ters, but he is still strong and vigorous, and enjoys the good will of his 
community. 

WILLIAM T. HILL, P. O., Cambridge. A native Missourian, was 
born in Cambridge township in this county on the 15th of May, 1843, and 
has lived in Saline all his life, except during the four years that he was in 
the Confederate army. He was married on the 20th of December, 1866, 
to Miss Sarah E. Daniels, and they have four children, one boy and three 
girls. In March, 1S61, he enlisted in the Missouri state guards, at the call 
of Governor Jackson for volunteers, then enlisted in the Confederate army, 
and was finally second lieutenant in Col. Porter's regiment of Gen. Shelby's 
division. He was wounded slightly at Wilson's Creek, and at Holly 
Springs; and discharged March, 1865. Was in the battles of Lexington, 
Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, first and second Corinth, Holly Springs, 
Grenada, etc. Mr. Hill is an honest and industrious farmer, and devotes 
the greater portion of his tmie to his home and farm. 

JAMES J. WHITE, P. O., Cambridge. Is a native of Erie City, 
Erie county, Pennsylvania, where he was born, on the 14th of January, 
1828. His father, James White, celebrated his golden wedding a few 
years ago. w^hich was attended by a great multitude of friends, by whom 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 589 

he was greatly beloved and respected. He died recently, of heart dis- 
ease, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. The subject of this 
* sketch moved to this county in the year 1S5.5, and was married in the 
same year, December 18,1855. Two children were born: Earl, born 
July 8, 1860, and Inez, born March 8, 1862. Mrs. White died on the 26th 
April, 1866. He married again, on the 5th of June, 1870; this time to 
Miss Fannie Zumwalt, who bore him three children: Ida, born August 
30, 1872; Eva, born December 24, 1873, and Pearl, born March 10, 1880. 
During his life he has been engaged in merchandising, mining and farm- 
ing, but he is now devoting his whole attention to farming. 

WILLIAM C. KELLEY, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in east Ten- 
nessee, on the 15th of December, 1828; and, at the age of twenty-four 
years, came to Missouri, and settled in Saline county, in 1852. He is a 
sawyer by trade, and worked at his trade for several years. He was 
married September 29, 1853, to Miss Susan McMahan. To this union 
were born four children, all boys. In the spring of 1861, his wife died. 
He was married, the second time, on the 12th of October, 1862, to Miss 
Catherine Heff, and, by this marriage, has five children, four sons and one 
daughter, making a total of nine children living. He has long since giv:fn 
up the milling business — purchased a fine farm, upon which he now lives, 
with an ample force to cultivate the same, of his own bo3'S. 

PHILIP BUCK, P. O., Cambridge. Was born on the 11th of June, 
1832, in Baden, Germany, and crossed the Atlantic in 1852, being just 
twenty years of age when he landed in New Orleans. From New 
Orleans he came to Booneville, in Cooper county, Missouri, where he 
remained three years, and then went to Jackson county. He stayed but 
a short time in Jackson, and then came to this county, and commenced 
making wagons in Cambridge, and continued there, thus engaged, for 
twenty-three years. March, 24, 1856, he was married to Miss Mary 
Furrer, and has eight children, born as follows: William, born January 
4, 1857; Caroline, born April 14, 1859; Charles, born December 4, 1861; 
Joseph, born January 12, 1863; Louis, born February 2, 1865; Walter, 
born November 20,1868; Lillian, born December 3, 1873, and Bertha, 
born August 15, 1876. By strict economy and attention to his own busi- 
ness, Mr. Buck has laid up a snug little sum of money, with which he 
purchased the farm on which he now resides, and devotes his whole 
attention to farming and stock-raising. 

JOHN R. MORTON, P. O., Gilliam. Mr. Morton is a native of Mis- 
souri, having been born in Cooper county, on the 4th of January, 1839. 
On the 11th of March, 1863, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Hazel. 
In October, 1865, they came to Saline county, where he has principally 
devoted his attention to farming and stock-raising. He has five children, 
three boys and two girls. His father, James Q. Morton, and his mother, 



590 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

whose maiden name was A. Ellison, were married in Virginia, an 
moved to Missouri before he .was born. Mr. Morton has given his entire 
attention to farming, except during the time he was in the Confederatef 
armv. In the spring of ]861, he joined the Missouri state guard, under 
the call of Gov. Jackson, and was at the tirst battle of Booneville, Car- 
thage, Lexington, second battle of Booneville, and Pineville; was dis- 
charged in December, 1864, on account of ill-health. 

\VALTER L. AYRES, P.O., Cambridge. A native of Missouri, 
was born in Saline county, February 17, 1S49, where he was raised. In 
1872, he went to Texas, with the intention of making it his home, but was 
so dissatisfied with the state that, in eighteen months (1873), he returned 
to his native countv, where he has remained, contented, since. Mr. A3'res 
is a carpenter by trade, but has spent the last few years on his farm, rais- 
ing corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, fruit, etc. He was married on the -ith of 
April, 1879, to Miss Sarah Haynie, and has one son, born December 22, 
1880, not )-et named. Mr. Ayres is the son of W. L. and Sarah Ayres. 

JESSE EPPERSON, P. 6., Cambridge. Mr. Epperson is a native 
Missourian, and was born in this county, on the 25th of June, 1839. He 
was married on the 14th of February, 1866, to Miss Nannie E. Couch, 
and has five children — four sons and one daughter. He has lived and 
farmed in Saline all his life, except four years, during which he was in the 
Federal army. Mr. Epperson enlisted as a private in company M, 10th 
cavalrv, Missouri volunteers, and was discharged in St. Louis, after 
"Price's raid." Was in the following battles, according to the record 
given by himself : Shiloh, Vicksburg, Nashville, Corinth, Price's raid, 
and with Sherman on his march to the sea. 

JAMES A. JACKSON, P. O. Cambridge. Is a native of Saline 
county, where he was born, February 1, 1844, and has lived his entire life 
except, while in the southern army. He married Miss Elizabeth Fos- 
ter on the 2d da}' of February, 1871, and has five children, one bo}- and 
four girls. He has devoted his life to farming, and has a keen eye for 
fine stock, especiall}' a fine horse. He is a gentleman, and very popular 
among his fellow citizens. In November, 1862, Mr, Jackson enlisted as 
first corporal in company E, First regiment, Missouri cavalry, Col. Shelby, 
and then Gordon. . Surrendered and was paroled May, 1865. Was twice 
slightly wounded. Was engaged in the battles of Newtonia, Lexington, 
Helena, Prairie Grove, Cape Girardeau, Cane Hill, Little Rock, Salina 
River, Mark's Mill, Wilson Creek, Corinth, Grenada, etc. 

JOHN WHITTLE, P. O., Glasgow. Was born in Hardin county, 
Kentucky, on the 29th of July, 1829, and came to Saline county in the 
year 1844, and was flooded out by the great overflow of .1844. Went to 
California in 1853; remained there about three years, and returned to this 
county in 1856, where he has lived ever since. On the 23d of October, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 591 

1850, he was married to Miss Martha E. Nichols, and has five children, 
two sons and three daughters. Except during the three years he spent 
in mining in California, he has been farming all his life. 

WILLIAM FOSTER, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Foster was born in 
East Tennessee, May 10, 1815, and came with his parents to this count}' 
in 1819. On the 19th of August, 1853, he married Mrs. Mary J. Fur- 
gusson, and has one son and four daughters. Martha E. married James 
A Jackson, Mary C. married Jackson Muller, and Lucy J. married Aus- 
tin Haney. Mr. Foster has a good, well-improved farm in Cambridge 
township, where he has lived since his marriage. 

JOHN BALLOU, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Lindsey Ballou. Was 
born on the 10th of March, 1838, and moved with his parents to Benton 
county, Missouri, in 1841. He staid there two years, and then went to 
Illinois, where he lived about eight years. From Illinois he moved 
to Macon county. Mo., in 1851; thence, in 1853, to Chariton countv, 
where he lived until 1881. In 1881, having been driven out of the bot- 
tom lands several times by overflows, he moved to Saline countv, and is 
now devoting his attention to farming and handling stock. For nearly 
twenty years he ran the feny between Cambridge and Chariton county. 
On the 1st of March, 1859, he was married to Miss Laura L. Peaon, and 
has six sons, two daughters, and one grandson. He lost his family rec- 
ord in the last overflow, and can give no ages. 

THOMAS LESSLEY, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Lessley was born in 
Jessamine county, Kentucky, April 22, 1827, and moved to Randolph 
county, Missouri, in ISiT. In 1852 he went to California; remained there 
about one year, and then, in 1853, returned to Randolph county. In 18(55 
he went to Montana, returning in 1866. On the 7th of February, 1866, 
he married Miss Sallie Darr, and on the 22d of May, 1872, she died, leav- 
ing no children. In 1874, he moved to this count}- and settled here as his 
final home. In 1879, September 11, he married Miss Etta Daniels, and 
has one son, William F. Lessley, born October 20, 1880. He has a fine 
farm located in Cambridge township. 

GEORGE W. CON LEY, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in West 
Virginia, on the 1st day of March, 18-46, and came to Saline county, 
Missouri, in 1866, and stopped at Saline City for a short time and returned 
to West Virginia. In 1868 he moved to this county and settled near 
Cambridge, and engaged in farming. He never married, but lives pleas- 
antly and contentedly with his two sisters. He has three brothers living 
in other portions of the state. 

PETER W. LAND, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Robert C, and 
America Land. Was born in Prince Edward county, Virginia, Decem- 
ber 25, 1831, and came with his parents to Saline county, Missouri, in 
November, 1836, and remained here until 1855. On the 23d of Novem- 



592 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ber, 1855, he was married to Miss Virginia C. Avers, and in 1S57 moved 
to Howard county, where he extensively engaged in prizing and shipping 
tobacco, farming, and in buying and shipping stock to New York, Chi- 
cago, Cincinnati and St. Louis, until 1881, when he returned to his old home 
in Saline county, near Cambridge, where he is now surrounded by a very 
interesting family, and is highly respected. Has six children, two sons 
and two daughters living. 

JOSEPH S. DAVISON, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Stewart and 
Annie Davison. Was born on the 15th of October, 1845, and came to 
Missouri in 1860, and located in Carrollton, Missouri. From there he 
came to Malta Bend, in Saline county. Stayed there two years, and then 
went back to Carroll county. In 1877, he returned to Saline, and 
engaged in teaching, near Cambridge. On the 20th of December, 1871, 
he married Miss Lou A. Faulkner, daughter of G. H. and Jane E. 
Faulkner, and has three children, born, as follows: Richard W., born 
September 13, 1874; Granville L., born January 1,1877; Lucy A. L., 
born April 28, 1880. After teaching several terms he engaged in the 
drug business, in Cambridge, sold out in one year and returned to his old 
occupation, that of farming. 

JOHN W. FISHER, P. O., Cambridge. Is the son of William H. 
and Phcebe Fisher, and was born in Montreal, Canada, October 4, 1835. 
In 1837 he left Canada with his parents and moved to near Javord, and in 
1840, went to Ohio. In 1852 went to Michigan, and thence back to Canada in 
1855. In 1856 he moved to Wisconsin. In 1857 he came to Missouri on 
his bridal trip, and determined to settle in Saline county, which he did. 
On the 12th of September, 1857 he married Miss Mar}' A. Vaughn, and 
has eight children, born as follows: Charles A., born October 24, 1858; 
William H., born January 9, 1864; Laura J., born January 13, 1867; Ade- 
laide, born July 9, 1869; Mary Belle, born March 13, 1872; John, born 
June 30, 1873; Edward, born July 9, 1875; and Ada, born June 5, 1880. 
When he came to Saline, Mr. Fisher settled in Cambridge, where he 
followed his trade of carpenter and joiner ever since, and is an energetic 
business man and a courteous gentleman. 

JOSIAH BAKER, Sr., P. O., Slater. Known as the "Father of 
Slater," the son of Joseph and Mary Baker, was born, September 23, 
1814, in Pickaway county, Ohio, from whence his parents, when he was 
only six years old, moved to Ross county, Ohio, where he was raised on 
a farm. He was married, April 7, 1836, to Miss Emma Schooley, 
daughter of William Schooley of Ross county, Ohio. He settled down to 
farming after his marriage, for several years renting; and then bought a 
a farm, and began steadily to enlarge his trading in live stock, which he 
has made a life business. For fourteen years, he and his brother James, 
bought cattle in the west, drove to Ohio, fed, and shipped east. In 1864 




f? ^ f&^c. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 593 

he came to Saline county, Missouri, and purchased 700 acres of land, upon 
part of which the city of Slater now stands, and, afterwards, 400 acres 
more, on the Petite Saw Plains. Bein<r a member of the Christian church, 
Mr. Baker united with the Mt. Zion church, in this county, which has 
since been moved to Slater. He has three brothers living in this county: 
James, David, and Joseph — and had a fourth — Martin, who died here. 
Has five children living: Matilda, Sarah, Emma, Josiah and Erskine. His 
great grandfather w^as a Baptist preacher, his grandfather, also a Baptist 
preacher, was a revolutionary soldier, and his father, also a Baptist 
preacher, was a soldier in the war of 1S12. 

JACOB GREENABAUM, P. O., Slater. Mr. Greenabaum was 
born, October 10, 1838, in Offenbach, Prussia. Crossed the Atlantic, to 
Philadelphia, April, 1854, and attended school for a time. In the fali of 
the same year, he came, with his brothers, to Fayette, Howard county, 
Missouri, whither their brother, Alexander, had preceded them, some 
eight or ten years. He finished his education at Central College, in Fay- 
ette, and then entered his brother Alexander's store as a clerk. In 1856, 
he loaded a wagon with merchandise, and, traveling in Kansas territory, 
traded with the Indians, until 1858; and, in that year opened a store in 
Morristown, Cass county, Missouri. In 1860, he married Miss Rosa 
Gibbon Morris, daughter of John Calvin Morris. In 1861, he engaged in 
milling, and took an active part in fighting the Kansas jayhawkers, and 
remained about home until the capture of Lone Jack, in 1862. He then 
joined Col. Hays' command (C. S. A.), and went to Arkansas, v»^here he 
enlisted in Gen. Parsons' brigade, C. S. A., and continued in the same 
until the surrender at Shreveport, 1865. He was in the battles of Elk- 
horn, Prairie Grove, Little Rock, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and Camden. 
After the war, he returned to Westport, where his father-in-law had 
moved during the war. He then settled in Miami, in this county, and 
engaged in general merchandise. In 1870, his wife died, leaving two 
daughters. Bertha M., and Alice M. In 1871, he was married to Miss 
Ella Woolford, daughter of Hiram P. Woolford, of Miami, Missouri; and, 
by this marriage, he has four children: Clara, Arthur, Frank, and Bettie 
M. When Mr. Greenabaum began business in Miami, after the war, he 
had but :p500, but the reputation he had made, enabled him to purchase a 
stock of $7,500; and he has been one of Miami's most successful mer- 
chants. In 1880, Mr. Greenabaum removed his business to Slater, and 
opened out there a large and splendid stock of dry goods and clothing, 
and no merchant in Saline has excelled him since. 

THOMAS V. McCONNELL, druggist, P. O., Slater. Mr. T. V. 
McConnell has recently moved to Slater, in the winter of 1881, and 
established a drug store, and carries one of the finest and fullest stocks of 
38 



594: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

drugs, medicines, paints, oils, etc., etc., in the city. The store is elegantly 
arranged, and attractive in appearance. Mr. McConnell is an old drug- 
gist, having been in the business for over twenty years, in Chicago, St. 
Louis, and in Frankford, Pike county, Missouri, from which last place, he 
moved to Slater. He has had all the advantages to be obtained in the 
large cities in perfecting the necessary knowledge of his profession. 

CLAIBORN WINFIELD HILL, P. O., Slater. Son of Claiborn and 
Martha Hill, was born in Saline county Missouri, May 31, 1S47. In 1864, 
he left home and enlisted in the Confederate army, and at the close of the 
war, returned home aud bought a farm, and farmed until 1869. Then 
went to Southern Kansas and engaged in the grain business in the town 
of Earlton. Next year he visited Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, etc., set- 
tled in Minburn, Iowa, and there found employment for three years in the 
drug store of J. H. Peabody — moved with him to Ripley and remained 
two years. In 1875 he attended the school of pharmacy, graduating the 
next year. From Ripley he went to Grand Junction and established a 
drug store under the tirm name of Crow & Hill, and continued the busi- 
ness until 1880. In 1880 he purchased the stock of Gaines & Moseby, the 
leading drug house in Slater, and in the same year, moved to Slater. His 
thorough education in his profession, is an assurance of safety to his cus- 
tomers. On the 29th of December, 18S0, he was married to Miss Emma 
Johnson, daughter of Thomas and Eliza Johnson, who were formerl}- of 
Ohio, nOw of this count}', owning one of the best farms in Saline. Mrs. 
Hill has an elegant millinery establishment in the same building with her 
husband's drug store. 

THOMAS BERRYMAN CARTER, P. O., Slater. Son of Thomas 
Jefterson and Susan Virginia Carter. Was born in Glasgow, Missouri, 
Mav 9, 1857. His parents were married in 1842, and came to Glasgow, 
Missouri, in 1844, from Virginia, of which State the}' were both natives. 
His grandparents were Jesse and Nancy Carter. His maternal grand- 
parents w'ere William and Agnes Taylor. Mr. Carter was educated at 
the Glasgow institute. At the age of seventeen he entered the store of 
T. E. Birch, Jr., of Glasgow, and soon acquired a reputation for good 
business qualifications. After being with Mr. Birch for three or four 
3-ears, he was induced to study the profession of dentistry with Dr. T. H. 
Wilson, of Glasgow, with w^hom he was connected in the practice for 
nearly two years. In 1879 he visited Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska and 
Kansas. In October, 1879, he entered, as salesman, the store of L. S. 
Meadsco, in Slater. He bears in Slater the same high character which 
he won in Glasgow, and he will yet reach the front rank of merchants. 

DAVID HOLMES, P. O., Slater. Son of Thomas and Mary Holmes; 
was born in Brook countv, Virginia, February 22, 1840. He moved to 
Jetlerson county, Ohio, with his parents. His father was a miller; he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 595 

spent his early years helping his father in the mill, and has followed the 
business to the present time. In 186S he moved to Rocheport, Missouri, 
and was seven years engaged in the mill of A. M. Clayton. In 1875 he 
moved to Laynesville, in this county, and the next year to Marshall, and 
established the "Centennial Mill " there, and in 1880 sold out to his, then, 
partner, Charles H. Vanstone. He then purchased his present interest 
(one-half), in the Slater flouring mills. February 20, 1868, he married 
Miss Sarah Taylor, daughter of George and Jane Taylor, the former of 
Pennsvlvania and the latter of Ohio. They have five children: Ina M., 
Elrv, Edna, Clarence E. and Leona. 

JOSEPH SINGER OOTS, P. O., Slater. Son of Sampson and 
Mary Oots. His father was a native of Madison county, Mrginia, and 
his mother of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They moved to Kentucky 
about 1809, and married about 1818. The subject of this sketch was 
born June 1, 1824, in Fayette count}-, Kentucky. In 1855, he came with 
his father, who was a cooper b}- trade, to this county. He afterward 
learned the carpenter's trade, which he has worked at since, at different 
times. In 1860 he bought eighty acres of land of Joseph Cooper, lying 
seven miles southeast of Miami, which he sold and purchased the farm 
he now lives on, of seventy acres, two and one-quarter miles west of 
Slater, now ver}- valuable. His wife was Miss Virginia Barbee of Fayette 
county, Kentucky. They have six children: Samuel J., Walter C, Rule 
J., Edward B., Arthur, and America B. Mr. Oots is now preparing to 
cooper for the Slater flouring mills. He is one of the most industrious 
men in the county. 

JUDGE MATTHEW CLAY GWINN, P. O., Slater. The son of 
Bartholomew and Susan Gwinn, was born June 3, 1804, in Virginia. His 
parents came to this county from Tennessee, in 1816, and settled where 
the town of Frankfort now stands. He sold his farm to the German 
company who laid off the town. He died, however, before the sale was 
effected. He was the first white man to settle so high up the river. 
Judge M. C. Gwinn lived with his father until his death, and then with his 
mother until his twenty-ninth year. He was married in 1833, to Miss 
Mary Thrailkill, daughter of James and Susan Thrailkill, who was a 
native of North Carolina, and came to this county from Tennessee, in 
1817. Judge Gwinn entered 300 acres of government land. He was 
elected judge of the county court in 1865, and served two terms. His 
father was one of the first county judges of Saline county, and his wife's 
father one of the first sheriffs. Judge Gwinn died March 16, 1881, and 
Mrs. Gwdnn still lives on the home place. Judge Gwinn leaves nine sur- 
viving children: Polly A., Thomas B., Elijah, Andrew J., Mrginia (Mrs. 
Abner Wilhite), Abner, William A., Richard P., and Martha L. (now 
Mrs. Wm. Baker.) 



596 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

WILLIAM GRANT FOWLER, P. O., Slater. Son of John B. and 
Mary Fowler, his father a native of Boone county, Kentucky, and his 
mother of Maysville, Kentucky, was born in Boone county, Kentucky, 
March 2, 1834, where he was raised on his father's farm, and was edu- 
cated at the Morgan academy, Burlington, Kentuck}'. From 1855 to 
1859, he was engaged in trading in Texas and Mexico. He then settled 
in Scotland county, Missouri. In 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate ser- 
vice, under Col. Martin Green, as first lieutenant, and was engaged in 
the battles of Lexington and Wilson's Creek, and continued with the 
army to 1862. He was then commissioned as captain under Col. Bur- 
bridge, on recruiting service. Was in the battle of Hartsville, and other 
small engagements. His health then became so bad that he gave up the 
service, and returned home. In 1864, he re-enlisted during Price's last 
raid through the state. On the 5th of September, 1864, he was married 
to Miss Mary Frances Thomson, daughter of Robert Y. and Lucy T. 
Thomson, of Saline county. They have six children: Robert W., Susan 
M., McDonald T., Efhe L., LaSelle P., and Lucy M. He has a splendid 
farm, one mile east of Slater. Mr. Fowler is an educated and cultivated 
gentleman, who keeps himself well posted in the history of the times. 
Mrs. Fowler and her sisters were educated at Glasgow, Missouri. 

THOMAS LYNE, P. O., Slater. Mr. Lyne was born in Woodford 
county, Kentuck}-, in 1821. His family is of English origin, his ancestors 
immigrating to Virginia about the year 1660, removing, later, to Gran- 
ville, North Carolina. His great-great-grandfather, Thomas, remained 
in Virginia, and married Mary Edwards. Their son, his great-grand- 
father, Thomas, married Mary Sanford. Their son, Thomas, his grand- 
father, born in Westmoreland count}-, Virginia, in 1746, married Mary 
Padgett, and settled in Loudon county, Virginia, and to this union were 
born several children. Their son Thomas, the father of the subject of 
the following sketch, was born in Virginia, in 1783, and married Mary 
Connelly, a relative, and moved to Woodford county, Kentucky. Sanford 
R. Connelly, maternal grandfather of Thomas Lyne, is of Irish ancestry, 
and was probably present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis -married 
Mary Ramy. Thomas Lyne received but a limited education, and 
labored on his father's farm, going to school in the winter. He remained 
on and managed his father's farm until twenty-three years old. In 
1848, he married JNIiss Eliza Garnett, of Boone county, Kentucky, and in 
1853 moved to this county, and purchased the land on which he now 
lives. As the reward of his industry and good management, he has now 
one of the finest farms in Saline county. At an early age he united with 
the Baptist church, and his success in life, pecuniarily, enabled him to con- 
tribute of his means to the advancement of religion, and worthy objects 
generally. Mr. Lyne takes great interest in public affairs, and his 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 507 

pen has been bus}' for years in county matters. He is, and has been a 
democrat all his life, so far as party politics are concerned. When the 
war broke out, he was in earnest sympathy with the South, but did not 
feel justified in joining the arm}', because of his large and helpless family. 
The war cost him, in the loss of personal property, about $8,000. He 
has had twelve children, nine of whom are living, and nearly all of them 
grown. 

JACOB NAUERTH, P. O., Slater. Son of John and Anna Nauerth, 
of Bavaria, Germany. Was born in Bavaria, November 27, 1844, and 
emigi-ated to Paris in 1862, and to the United States in 1866; landed in 
New York; went from there to Iowa, and in the fall of 1866 settled in 
Cincinnati, Ohio; engaged with the firm of Dunn & Witt, in the tinware 
and stove business, until 1868. He then moved to Frankfort, Saline 
county, Missouri, and opened a tin and stove store there. In 1871 he 
moved to Cambridge, a few miles below Frankfort, in this county, contin- 
uing the same line of business until 1878, when he moved to Slater, and, 
building himself a store-room, established a tin, stove and hardware store, 
and was the first merchant to sell goods in the new city. In 1880 he 
built a two story brick business house, and moved into it in the fall of that 
year, changing the firm name to J. Nauerth & Co., and extending his line 
of trade to furniture. He was married, in 1869, to Miss Annie Buck, 
daughter of Anton and Regine Buck, of Baden, Germany, who immi- 
grated to the United States, in 1852, and both died the next year, in New 
Orleans, of yellow fever. To this union there are two children living: 
Annie R. and Maggie W. Mr. Nauerth landed in the United States a 
stranger and without money, but by energy, economy and good manage- 
ment he has acquired a competence and stands high among the merchants 
of Saline. 

ABNER WILLIAM WILHITE, P. O., Slater. Son of Elias Wil- 
hite, and Nancy Wilhite, ( Baker) of North Carolina. Was born in this 
county, near where Slater now stands, on the 17th of July, 1843. He 
enlisted in Co. F, Capt. Ben. Wilson, 7th Reg. M. S. M., and was in 
the battles of Osage, Big Blue, Mine Creek, on Price's retreat, 1864. 
Resumed farming after the war closed, and in August, 1866, was mar- 
ried to Nanc}' A. Cott, who died in 1875, leaving four children: Sarah 
L., Rudolph A., Eva M., and Reuben A. July 30, 1876, was married the 
second time, to Miss Virginia Gwinn, daughter of Judge Matthew C. 
and Mary Gwinn, of Saline county. He has one child of his last mar- 
riage: Mary Lewis. 

DR. NOAH HAYDEN Gx\INES, P. O., Slater. Was born in 
Lafayette county, Missouri, October 16, 1843. His parents were Thomas 
N. Gaines and Elizabeth Gaines, [iiee Hayden) ; his grandfather, James Pen- 
dleton Gaines, of Culpepper county, Virginia. He was educated at Ver- 



598 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

sailles, Woodford count}', Kentuck}-, and at the age of sixteen entered 
the drug trade, and studied dentistry and pharmacy with regular profes- 
sors and graduates. In 1862 he entered the confederate service, and 
served with Gen. John H. Morgan until the close of the war. Was ser- 
geant-major and acting adjutant of Col. Dick Morgan's battalion. In 
November, 1876, he married Miss Mar}- Elizabeth Shaw, daughter of 
John Shaw, of Richmond, Missouri. In 1879 he moved to Saline 
county, and settled in Slater, then containing but one hundred inhabitants, 
where he continued the practice of dentistry, in connection whh a first- 
class drug store. The drug store he sold out to Mr. C. W. Hill, in 1880, 
and has since devoted his w^hole attention to his practice. Doctor Gaines 
has built up a lucrative practice, and has one oi the handsomest resi- 
dences in Slater. Like all her citizens, he takes great interest in the pros- 
perity of Slater. 

ALBERT WARREN YAGER, P. O., Slater. Was born, June 16, 
1837, in Madison county, Virginia, and is a son of A. M. Yager and Mar- 
tha T. Yager, nee Ford. While he was 3'et an infant, his parents came to 
Callaway countv, Missouri; and in the next year moved to Howard 
county, and settled at Rock Springs, and there donated the ground for a 
school house. In 1862, Mr. Yager came over to this county, and lived near 
Longwood for four years. In 1870, he removed to Howard, and the next 
year returned to Saline county, where he has since resided. In 1874, he 
purchased the farm where he now lives. October 13, 1864, he enlisted in 
the Confederate army, and served in Col. Crisp's battalion, under Gen. 
Shelby, as orderly sergeant, and participated in the battles of Lexington 
and Westport, on the retreat south. May 26, 1865, he surrendered with 
Gen. Parsons, at Shreveport. On the 29th of October, 1856, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Cornelia Callawa}^ daughter of S. E. Callaway and Mary 
Ann, his wife. To this union have been born the following children: 
Stephen M., Agnes, Charlie A., Lucy W., Minnie J., Juliet C, George 
R. Roy W., May H., Cornelia C. and Henry Ross. 

HENRY EUBANK, P. O., Slater. Is a son of Reuben B. Eubank 
and Martha Eubank {fiee Thompson), his wife, and was born in Barren 
county, Kentucky, September 4, 1851. In 1854, came with his parents to 
this county, where he was raised. He was educated at the "Christian " 
universitv, Canton, Missouri, for the ministry, and w^as ordained in Can- 
ton, by the Rev. Dr. W. H. Hopson, and has been engaged in preaching, 
for some time. April 15, 1879, he was married to Miss Jennie Jenkins, 
daughter of Judge R. Jenkins, of this county. In 1879, he moved to 
Slater, and in the spring of that year, laid off " Eubank's addition " to the 
town of Slater — ten acres — and at this time it is being rapidly bought, and 
built up. 

JAMES AUSTIN BRIGHT, P. O., Slater, of the hrm of Bright & 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 599 

Reid, livery and feed stables, corner of Maine and Parker streets, in Slater; 
was born on the 13th day of January, 1842, in Culpepper county, Virginia. 
When he was about one year old, his parents moved to Newark, Ohio, 
and they lived there until 1852, and then moved to Pontiac, Illinois. In 
1876, he moved to Mexico, Missouri, and in November, 1880, removed to 
Slater, in Saline county, where he has since resided. They have 
an excellent stable building, costing about $5,000, and are doing a good 
business. 

ELISHA ANCELL, P. O., Slater. Son of James and Frances 
Ancell, {jice Estis), was born in Orange county, Virginia, December 24, 
1825. Came with his parents, who moved to Howard county, Missouri, 
in 1836, and settled twelve miles east of Fayette, the county seat. His 
father died in the fall of 1877, and his mother in 1873, in Howard county. 
In 1847 Mr. Ancell moved to Cooper county, Missouri, and engaged in 
farming for several years, until 1849, when he moved to Arrow Rock, in 
this county, where he was occupied in carpentering, and established a 
lumber yard in Arrow Rock, until the latter part of 1878, or early in 1879, 
he moved his business and family to Slater, where he has since remained 
and is doing a thriving business. Mr. Ancell was married December 26, 
1855, to Miss Margaret Ann Pemberton, daughter of Thomas and Sarah 
Pemberton, of Saline county, of which union he has one child, Mrs. Sarah 
M. Alexander, wife of Edward Alexander. After the death of his first 
wife, Mr. Ancell married her sister. Miss Nancy C. Pemberton, September 
23, 1859. The children of this union are Leona, Lura, Dora, Ava, Arden, 
and Etta, all living. Socially, Mr. Ancell is a pleasant gentleman, happy, 
in his household, and has been instrumental in building up Slater. 

WILLIAM WILLS, Sr., P. O., Slater. Son of William and Polly 
Wills (Ballard) of Montgomery count}^ Kentucky, was born in Clark 
county, Kentucky in May, 1805. Soon after his birth, his father moved 
to Montgomery county, and there he was raised on a farm, and educated. 
In 1826 he moved to Howard county, Missouri; having, the year before, 
married Miss Charlotte Benson, daughter of Amos and Sallie Benson, 
formerly of Virginia. The children of this marriage were: x\mos, Polly 
A., James, William, John, Amanda, Martha, Henry and Sallie K. After 
the death of his tirst wife, in 1864, he married Mrs. Bathsheba Slv, wudow 
of Richard Sly, and daughter of Reuben and Laura Harris, and of this 
union were born three children, Laura A., Ollie V. and Charles A. Was 
mostly occupied with farming in Howard county, except two years, in 
which he was merchandising in Lisbon. In 1879 he moved to Slater in 
this count}', where he continued the mercantile business, and occupies 
himself in building, owning now quite a number of dwelling houses. He 
is the oldest man in the citv of Slater, but quite active vet. 

DR. EDWARD W. SMITH, P. O., Slater. Son of William V. and 



600 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Miriam Smith (^his mother beinf^ a daughter of Capt. Peter Adams, a 
revolutionary soldier), of Warrenton, Virginia. Was born, March 28, 
1842, in Warrenton, Fauquier county, Virginia. In 1846, his father moved 
to Howard county, Missouri, and, the year afterward, to Saline county, 
near Miami, He was educated principally at Miami, and graduated in 
medicine at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York city. He 
spent some time in hospital practice in Cincinnati and New York, and, in 
1866, located in Paris, Morsroe county, Missouri. On the 11th of June, 
1868, Dr. Smith was married to Miss Almanda Naomi McBride, daugh- 
ter of Judge McBride, of Monroe county, Missouri. They have five chil- 
dren: Moses, Edgar M. B., Louis O., Fannie B., and William W. Dr. 
Smith is closely identified with the town of Slater, having been there 
from the beginning; and, besides attending to a large and growing prac- 
tice, he is always greatly interested in every progressive movement and 
enterprise connected with the growth of Slater, and freely devotes his 
time and means to the same. Sedalia owes a considerable proportion of 
her prosperit}- to his mdefatigable efforts. Some of the best brick stores 
he has built from his own means, besides a handsome family residence. 

WILLIAM PHILIP CASEBOLT, P, O,, Slater. Mr. W. P. Case- 
bolt, postmaster of Slater, was born Februar}- 1.5, 1842, in Pocahontas 
count}-, Virginia. His father, William Casebolt, was a native of Poca- 
hontas county, Virginia, and his mother, Mrs. Ellen Casebolt, formerl}- 
Lowe, a native of Braxton county, Virginia. He came to Saline county, 
Missouri, with his parents, in 1844, and settled near Miami, where he was 
educated. At the age ot' seventeen years, he engaged as clerk in a 
general store in Carrollton, Missouri. In the year 1865, he moved to 
Vienna, Maries county, Missouri, and engaged in business. March 4, 1868, 
he married Miss Roberta Anderson, daughter of Thomas and Mira 
Anderson, of Tennessee. Two children were born to them, and both died 
very young. Mrs. Casebolt died on the 13th of February, 1873. In March, 

1875, he opened a general store at Petra postoflice. Saline county, and in 

1876, was appointed postmaster. In September, 1878, he removed to 
Slater, continuing as postmaster, and his business, and building the first 
store-house, southwest corner of Main and Front streets, which was 
burnt in January, 1881. In the summer of 1879, he disposed of his mer- 
cantile stock, and has since given his entire attention to the duties of the 
postoffice. In 1879, he built a two-story brick building, with metal roof, 
on the east side of Main street. Mr. Casebolt was one of the first citizens 
of the present city of Slater, and has aided not a little, by his energy and 
enterprise, in its rapid growth, Mr. Casebolt was married, December 
25, 1.S79, to Miss Celia Helen Graves, daughter of the late Edward 
D. Graves and Martha Ann Graves, formerly Garnett, of this county. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. ' 601 

He was a member of the first town council of Slater, and is a member 
of the present council. 

JAMES W. HUGFIES, P. O., Cambridge. Son of W. and Sallie 
Hughes; was born in Davis county, Iowa, December 8, 18.50. He was 
moved by his parents, first to Macon county, Missouri, then back to Iowa, 
then to Hannibal, Missouri, in 1863, where he was emplo3-ed in the rail- 
road machine shops for five years. He then mo\'ed to Macon countv; 
then to Howard county, where he farmed for four years. In 1875 he 
came to this county, and was, for a time, engaged in operating a saw-mill, 
but is at present running a w^ell-known Cambridge flouring mill. On the 
ITth of November, 1868, he was married to Miss Emma Semmons, and 
has one son and one daughter. Mr. Hughes stands high in his commvm- 
it}' as a christian gentleman. 

JOHN B. COLLINS, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Lewis P. and Emily 
J. Collins; was born in Glasgow, Howard county, Missouri, February 1, 
184!), and lived there until 1854, when he came with his parents over to 
this county. In 1865 he moved to Indiana, but returned in 1868, and the 
next year, 1S69, went to Atchison. In 1871 he returned to Saline to stay 
permanently. Married Miss Amanda Croft' August 10, 1873, and has 
three children, born as follows: Margaret L., born October 18, 1874; 
Lucy J., born December 23, 1876; Sarah A., born August 12, 1878. In 
connection with his farm, Mr. Collins is running a flouring mill. 

JAMES W. THOMPSON, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Jacob and 
Martha Thompson, was born in Owen count}^ Kentucky, January 28, 
1845. He moved to Lewis county, Missouri, remained there until 1874, 
when he went to Texas, and stayed there about eight months. He then 
returned to this state, and settled in this county. On the 18th of November, 
1864, he was married to Miss Georgia Williams, and has one son, and two 
daughters. While in Kentucky he joined the Confederate cavalry leader. 
Gen. John Morgan. Mr. Thompson is an experienced farmer, and has a 
fine farm in Saline. 

HARVEY BALLOU, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Linsey and Marina 
Ballou, was bprn in Wayne county, Kentucky January 29, 1844, and 
about 1840 come with his parents to Missouri, and in 1851 to Illinois, and 
back to Missouri in 1859, where he remained until 1873. He then went 
to Cahfornia, and in 1878 to Chariton county, Missouri; and in 1881, came 
to this county, which, he proposes to make his permanent home. On the 
28th of January, 1865, he was married to Miss Sarah Jaques, and has four 
children — three sons and one daughter. He is a stone-cutter b}- trade, 
but is now giving his entire attention to farming. 

GEORGE W. SHUMATE, P. O., Cambridge. Son of James and 
Jane Shumate, was born in Fauquier county, Va.., October 6, 1822, and 
moved to Knox county, Ohio, and to Marion county, Missouri, in 1837; 



602 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

thence to Lewis county; thence to Clark county; and from Clark back 
again to Lewis county; in 186S he moved to this county and went to farm- 
incr and dealing in stock. On the 1st of March, LS49, he married Miss 
Hannah Dale, of Lewis county, Missouri, and has five sons and three 
dau«-hters. He is a carpenter by trade, but has not worked at his trade 
since he has lived in Saline county. 

JAMES R. MEYERS, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Meyers is a son of 
John W. and Elizabeth Meyers, and was born in Howard county, Mis- 
souri, December IH, 1826. When about twenty years of age, in 1847, he 
went to the Mexican war, and returned home in 1848. In 1852, he went 
to California, with Gov. Bradley, of Nevada, with a drove of cattle. 
Returned to Howard county, in 1853; and, in 1855, went to Kansas, and 
staved there until the fall of 1857. From that time until 1859, he was 
route and mail agent on the North Missouri railroad. He then returned 
to farming, in Howard county, and there joined the M. S. G., on Gov. 
Jackson's call, in 1861, in Capt. Major's company. Col. Clark's regiment, 
then enlisted in the Confederate army, and served until the end, in 1865, 
and came home without discharge or surrender. Was engaged in the 
following battles: Lexington, first and second, Pea Ridge, Booneville^ 
Dry wood, etc., etc. Was sent to Mexico, in 1863, to procure ammunition. 
After the close of the war, he moved to Saline county, and engaged in 
farming. On the 22d of March, 1877, he was married to Miss Mattie F. 
Lesslev, and has one child, born' January 15, 1878. 

CAPT. RICHARD D. RICHARDSON, P. O., Gilliam. Capt. 
Richardson was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, February 19, 1812, 
and lived there until he was twenty-seven years of age. In the year 1839, 
he came to Missouri, and settled in this county, and engaged in farming 
and stock-raising. In 1 845, he was elected to the office of justice of the 
peace by a large majority, and filled the office to the satisfaction of his 
constituents, and with honor to himself. In June, 1841, he married Miss 
Maria Brown, daughter of Judge Bernis Brown, and has seven children, 
three boys and four girls. Has also eleven grandchildren. Capt. Rich- 
ardson has been living in this county for forty-two years, and has 
devoted all of that time to farming and stock-raising and feeding, except 
a short time in 1877, which was occupied in merchandising in the town 
of Gilliam. His farm, on which he now lives, is located about two miles 
from Cambridge, and is one of the finest in the county. He also owns 
several other valuable tracts in this county. 

WILLIAM M. WILHITE, P. O., Cambridge. Was born, August 
4,1837, in Saline county, Missouri, and is son of James and Charity 
Wilhite, two of the oldest settlers in this county, his father having 
reached the age of eighty-five years. He was raised as a farmer, but in 
the vear 1873, he concluded to try the mercantile business, and opened a 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 603- 

grocery store in Arrow Rock. He continued in this line until 1877, when 
he sold out, and returned to his farm, where he expects to pass the remain- 
dLV of his days. On the 6th of February, 1862, he was married to Miss 
Mary F. Morrison. No children have blessed their union. 

FREDRICK A. BRIGHTWELL, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Brightwell 
was born in Prince Edward county, Virginia, on the 11th of June, 
1812, and came to this county from Virginia, in an ox wagon, in 1837, 
and taught school for about two years. In the spring of 1839, he moved 
to Howard county, and clerked in a store in Glasgow, and afterwards 
sold goods on his own account until the year 1844. He then returned to 
Saline county, and was the first post-master in Cambridge, and had the 
honor of giving that town its name. He sold goods in Cambridge, for 
some years, and sutlered greatly from the overflow of 1844, in his gen- 
erous efibrts to assist those who lost their all in the w^aters. On the 
loth of January, 1S48, he married Miss Elizabeth Reynolds, and had 
four children, two boys and two girls. After the death of his first 
wife he married the second time — this time to Mrs. Mary J. Baker, 
of Hanover county, Virginia, and widow of a confederate soldier, 
killed at the battle of Pea Ridge. By this marriage he has two children, 
one boy and one girl. At present Mr. Brightwell is occupied in farming, 
his farm lying between Cambridge and Gilliam station. 

BOWLING W. SWINNEY, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Camp- 
bell county, Virginia, on the 26th of June, 1832, where he was raised, and 
was occupied with farming until August, 1858. In that year he came to 
Missouri, and located in Fayette, Howard county, and was there employed 
as salesman in a dry goods store, the rest of the year. He then went into 
the tobacco business. Leaving Howard, he crossed the river, and located 
in Cambridge, Saline county, and engaged as clerk for L, H. & T. C. 
Duggins, general merchants, in Cambridge. In 1861, he returned to 
Howard, and for eight years was occupied there in farming. He then 
came back to this county, and established himself as a farmer here. On 
the 25th of November, 1857, he was married to Miss Maria L. Burroughs, 
of Campbell county, 'Virginia. To this union were born four children: 
Thomas M., born in January, 1865; Emma M., born Januar}' 16, 1870; 
Mary A., born in March, 1875, and Joseph B., born January 7, 1877. His 
means were small when he came to Missouri, but by industry and good 
management he has acquired a handsome property. 

JOHN E. BROUGHMAN, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Botelot 
county, Virginia, and thinks he is about fifty-five years of age, but has 
no means of positive knowledge. He moved to Missouri in the fall of 
1858, and settled in Saline county. On the first day of September, 1858, 
he was married to Miss Elizabeth Turpin, a native of Rockbridge county, 
Virginia, and has three children, two boys and one girl. Mr. Broughman 



604 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

is a carpenter by trade, and worked at his trade two years after coming 
to Saline. Since then he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising, 
and has been verv successful in his operations. 

MERRILL HUGHES, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Madison 
county, Kentucky, November 13, 1S46, and lived there until he was twenty- 
one years of age. In 1SP>T he moved to the State of Illinois and located 
in McClean county, and farmed there until the year ISTU, when he moved 
to Missouri, and settled in Saline county and engaged in farming, and in 
carrying the mail from Cambridge to Slater. He was married in Ken- 
tuck}- to Miss Angeline Howard, on the 29th day of March, 1866, and 
has eight children, six boys and two girls." Mr. Hughes is energetic and 
prompt in all his business transactions, and enjoys the esteem and confi- 
dence of all who know him. 

EDMUND J. DUNLAP, P. O., Cambridge. The subject of the 
following sketch was born in this county, January 28, 1854, and was edu- 
cated at Miami. His father, Dr. John M. Dunlap, was a native of Vir- 
ginia, and moved to this state when quite young. The subject of this 
sketch begun the drug business in Malta Bend, in this county, in the 
spring of 1875, and in the fall of the same year sold out and moved to 
Cambridge, where he engaged in the drug trade, and is at the present 
time doing a lucrative business, and has the respect and esteem of all 
who know him. 

JAMES P. DUNCAN, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Logan 
county, Kentucky, on the 19th of Februar}^ 1831'. About the year 1837 
he moved to Missouri with his parents, Benj. F. and Sarah A. Duncan, 
and settled in Howard county, where they lived about live years. In 
1842 he moved to Saline county, and, except a few years spent with his 
parents in Lafayette county, has lived here ever since. Mr. Duncan does 
not recollect the exact date of his marriage, but thinks it was in the year 
1856. His wife, a most estimable lady, was Miss N. F. Wilhite, daugh- 
ter of James and Jane C. Wilhite, old settlers of the county. Has six 
children, all living, three boj'S and three girls. A farmer by choice, Mr. 
Duncan is one of the substantial men of Saline county, and by energy, 
economy and attention to business, has made the fine farm upon which he 
lives, besides other valuable tracts in this county. 

THOAL\S M. DOW, P. n., Cambridge. Was born in Roanoke 
county, Virginia, November 25, 1827, from whence, at the age of eight- 
een, he moved to Boone county, Kentucky. There he engaged in teach- 
ing, and in working at the plastering and bricklaying trade, imtil the spring 
of 1856, when he moved to Saline county, Missouri, and located near 
Cambridge, where he has followed his trade. In the spring of 1858, he 
married Miss Mary L. Duggins, a daughter of John and Frances E. Dug- 
gins, of Nelson county, Virginia. Has three children living: Julia T., 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. f)05 

born July, 1860; Gertrude A., born January, 1864; Maud M., born Decem- 
ber, 1866. Mr. Dow stands very high in his community as a man of 
integrity and worth. He was twice elected to fill the office of justice of 
the peace- — once in 1858, and again in 1866. He takes great pride in the 
improvement of his property, and has taken great pains in the selection of 
his fruit, ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, etc. 

BENJAMIN THORP, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Thorp was born in 
Howard county, Missouri, November 30, 1824, and lived there, with the 
ex'ception of a short time in Chariton county, until after the war. In 1867 
he was engaged with Mr. James Reynolds in putting up tobacco, opposite 
Saline City, in Howard county; and in 1868, moved to this county and 
commenced the coopering business. He owns one store house and one 
private residence in Cambridge, and is also closely identified with the 
business interests of the town of Gilliam. 

PEMBROKE S. EPPERSON, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in 
Lincoln county, Kentucky, February 15, 1817, and at the age of twenty- 
two moved to Missouri, and settled in this county, where he has lived ever 
since. He commenced farming on his arrival, and has devoted all his 
time since to the improvement and cultivation of" his farm. On the 23d 
of September, 1831^^*, he was married, and by the marriage has three chil- 
dren living: Jesse, aged about 40 years; Mrs. Mary E., wife of John Earl, 
aged 35 years, and Daniel, born November 23, 1851. Mr. Epperson lost 
his first wife, April 10, 1852, and was married the second time, to Miss 
Mary A. Jackson, in May, 1853. To this marriage were born six chil- 
dren: Mary A., born August, 1854; William H., born December, 1856, 
Eliza J., born April, 1858; George, born March, 1861; Peter, born June, 
1864, and Alexander, born October, 1866. At the general election in the 
fall of 1868, Mr. Epperson was elected constable for Cambridge town- 
ship, and served for two years. He declined to make the race for a sec- 
ond term. In December, 1880, he was appointed justice of the peace 
until the next general election, which office he yet fills, with honor and 
credit to himself, and with justice to all. 

EDGAR B. AUGUSTUS, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Vernon, 
Iowa, January 12, 1853, and came to this state with his parents, John 
B. and Virginia E. Augustus, settling in Clark county. In the fall of 1860 
they moved to Saline county, and settled near Cambridge, where Edgar 
grew to manhood, and commenced farming, at which he continund until 
Februar}', 1881, when he rented out his farm and engaged in the grocery 
business in the town of Cambridge in March, 1881; in which, from his 
energy and pluck, he has fair prospects of success. On the 13th day of 
January, 1879, he was married to Miss Emma J. Elder, daughter of James 
and Mary Elder. They have one child, Wm. F. Augustus, born Feb- 



60G HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ruar}' 17, ISSO. B3' his integrit}- and steady business habits, Mr. Augustus 
has made a host of friends. 

BENJAMIN C. MORRISON, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in 
Evansville, Indiana, May 23, 1848. At the age of fourteen he was placed 
as an apprentice at the shoemaker's trade under Joshua H. Smyth, of 
Evansville, where he remained until he was twenty-one years of age, when 
he commenced work as a journeyman, and continued for two years. He 
then concluded to try farming, which seemed a great deal better suited to 
his taste; and has given it his whole attention up to the present time. 
Recognizing the fact that every farmer ought to have a good wife, he 
found his ideal in Miss Susan M. Hudson, and was married to her, Octo- 
ber 16, 1872. Being unblessed with children, he concluded to move fur- 
ther west, which he did, settling near Cambridge, in this county, continu- 
ing his occupation of farming, and intending to purchase when satisfied 
with the opportunity. 

JOHN F. McKINNEY, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Green 
county, Kentucky, July 5, 1828, and lived there until the year 1850. He 
then moved to Missouri and located in Miami, in this county, and went to 
work at his trade of blacksmithing, where he continued for seven years. 
He then moved to Cambridge and has lived there and in its vicinity ever 
since. He was married, in Miami, to Miss V'irginia Hane}-, October 12, 
1851. Had two children: Mary N., born September 24, 1852; and 
Martha L., born September 12, 1855. His first wife died in 1856, and he 
again married, this time, Miss Mary A. McMahan, May 5, 1857. To 
this union was born four children, now living: John W., born October 16, 
1862; Louisa A., born May 25, 1865; Elizabeth J., born December 9, 
1867; and Jessie F., born February 5, 1871. Mr. McKinney now lives 
two and one-half miles from Cambridge, where he enjoys the reputation 
of being a good farmer, a fine judge of stock, a good neighbor, and a 
pleasant, afiable gentleman. 

JOHN JORDAN, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Wurtemburg, 
Germany, on the 25th of April, 1824:, and emigrated to the United States 
in the year 1852. He first located in Ohio, and lived in Marion county 
for three years. In 1855, he moved to Missouri and settled in Cambridge, 
employed in general work. He was married while living in Ohio, to Miss 
Sophia Eischlor, March 18, 1855, and has five childred living: Mrs. Mary 
T. Balthis, born April 5, 1858; Caroline M., born June 29, 1859; Sophia 
K., born July 16, 1861; John W., born August 4, 1863; and Gottleib R., 
born April 15, 1867. He has also one grandchild, son of John W. and 
Mary T. Balthis, named Catren B., born September 20, 1880. By indus- 
try, economv and strict attention to business, Mr. Jordan has made for 
himself and family, a comfortable home and support, and is now sur- 
rounded by the cdmforts as well as the necessaries of life. He has 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 6(»7 

devoted much of his time and attention to the cuhivation of grapes. His 
crop last season amounted to several tons, all of which he manufactured 
into wine. He also keeps a public house, where the wayfarer can 
refresh himself with pure native wine, and is sure of a hospitable recep- 
tion. 

ROBERT F. LAND, P. O., Cambridge. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Prince Edward county, Virginia, November 2o, 1835, and 
moved with his parents to Missouri in November, 18.36, and grew to man- 
hood in this county, and has here passed his life to the present time, as 
farmer and stock-feeder, except about nine months in the Confederate 
service. He was married to Miss Josephine M. Ayers, February 16, 
186-i, who was daughter to Matthias and Nancy G. Ayers. Mrs. Land is 
a native of Saline county, where she was born and raised in what was 
then included in Jeti'erson township. 

JOHN N. DUGGINS, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in this county, 
November 16, 1830. His father, John Duggins, was born in Louisa 
county, Virginia, Ma}^ 1, 1796, and moved to Missouri in March, 1833, 
and settled in Saline county, near Marshall, and moved to Cambridge in 
18.50. He was one of the first surveyors of this county. He was mar- 
ried to Miss Elizabeth Dickerson, January 20, 1825. They were at the 
first Methodist conference ever held in this county, and entertained the 
bishop. John W., the subject of this sketch, was married to Miss A. E. 
Hawkins daughter of Nicholas Hawkins, of this county, September 3, 
1865, and has six children: Luna B., born June 18, 1866; Ollie V., born 
December 25, 1868; Susie M., born April 29, 1871; Kate V., born May 
2.3, 1873; John T., born August 13, 1876; Spencer M., born March 26, 
1879. Mr. Duggins has followed farming all his life, except four 3'ears, 
during which he served as township constable, and three years in the 
Confederate service, under the command of Gen. Shelby. 

PETER C. PORTER, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Glasgow, 
Howard county, Missouri, January 25, 1839, and lived there five years, 
when his father, William H. Porter, moved to Chariton county, and at 
the age of ten, his father moved to Saline county and located in Cam- 
bridge, where he grew to manhood, and engaged in farming and stock 
raising, in which occupation he has continued ever since. He was mar- 
ried to Miss Cornelia B. George, September 28, 1870, and has five child- 
ren living: Mary C, born July 28, 1871 ; Maggie R., born July 26, 1873; 
Ruth, born September 16, 1876; Julia, born October 19, 1878, and one 
girl, not yet named, born November 21, 1880. Though a voung man, 
Mr. Porter is ripe in experience, and his judgment as a farmer is much 
relied on. 

DR. G. H. FORKNER, P. O., Cambridge. Dr. Forkner was born 
in Surrey county. North Carolina, October 6, 1818. Moved to Missouri 



608 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTS'. 

in 1839, and located in Grundy county, and remained there until 1841. 
Then went to Lexington, and worked at the carpenter's trade until 1844, 
when he commenced the study of medicine in Grundy county, and grad- 
uated in St. Louis in 1849. Commenced practice of medicine in Tren- 
ton, the county-seat of Grundy county, and remained there for a year. 
He was married to Miss J. E. Lacy, of Moniteau county, April 22, 1847, 
moved to Moniteau county, and there practiced his profession until 1853. 
About this time his health failed, and he abandoned the practice of medi- 
cine, and went to farming in Johnson county, and remained there until 
1856, when he moved to Saline county, and located for practice in Cam- 
bridge. But his health again failed in about eighteen months, when he 
moved to Fulton, Missouri, and engaged in the drug business. Sold out 
in six months, and returned to Cambridge, and formed a co-partnership 
with Dr. B. E. Powell, and continued the practice until 1868, when he 
again tried farming, this time in Sugar Tree bottom, Carroll county. 
Staid there until 1876, when he returned to Saline, settled in Laynesville, 
and practiced medicine for about one year, and then back again to Cam- 
bridge, December 1877, where he is now practicing his profession. He 
has seven children living, two sons and five daughters. He has also six 
grandsons and two granddaughters living. His father, Samuel Forkner, 
died in California at the advanced age of ninety-eight years. His mother, 
quite young, in Surrey county, N. C. 

WILLIAM H. PORTER, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Porter was born 
in Albemarle county, Virginia, November 19, 1811, within sight of Mon- 
ticello— the birth-place and residence of Thomas J efferson — and was mar 
ried in Buckingham county, Virginia, to Miss Mar}- N. Harris, October 
7, 1830. In 1835 he moved to Missouri, and settled in Saline county, and 
has been closely identified with 'the county ever since. He has eight 
children living, three sons and five daughters, and all living in Missouri 
except one, who lives in Kansas. • Came on steamer from Gu3'andotte to 
St. Louis, and says they had a pleasant, though long and tedious trip of 
sixteen days. Was engaged in teaching school in Howard, Chariton and 
Saline counties for about twenty-five years. Was justice of the peace 
for eight years in Chariton, and for about same length of time in Saline. 
For the last thirty 3'ears he has been occupied in farming, and in teaching 
occasionally. 

W. D. FORE, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Buckingham county, 
Virginia, April 21, 1818, and came to this county in November, 1836. 
For about fifteen years he worked at the carpenter's trade, and in 1850 
crossed the plains to California with an ox-team, returning to Missouri in 
1851, by the wa}- of Panama. In 1852 he visited relatives in Virginia, 
and in 1853 returned to this count}^, commenced farming and continued 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 609 

farming until the end of the war, when he moved into Cambridge and 
engaged in the mercantile business, in which he is still engaged. 

D. .AI. McCORiMACK, P. O., Cambridge. The subject of the follow- 
ing sketch was born in Houstonville, Lincoln county, Kentucky, Decem- 
ber 13, 1S30, and came to this county in 1848, and settled in the town of 
Cambridge — and there commenced the carpentering business. He was 
married to Miss Harriet Hanny, of Howard county, Missouri, November 
22, 1860. They have seven children, five boj'S and two girls, living. He 
is justice of the peace of Cambridge township, and his present occupation 
is that of farmer and undertaker. 

WILLIAM D. WOOLDRIDGE, P. O., Cambridge. Was born, 
March 8, 1833, in Prince Edward county, Virginia, where his father, 
Francis M. Wooldridge, died. He came to Missouri in 1836, when but 
three years old. He commenced the grocery business in this county in 
the town of Cambridge, when quite young. He next tried farming. He 
was married, iNIarch 16, 18.54, to Miss Mary E. Norvile, and continued 
farming for about eight years, when he returned to Cambridge and com- 
menced merchandising, and continued it until the begmning of the war — 
when he left Cambridge, and engaged in the same business in Glasgow, 
Missouri. After the war he returned to Cambridge. He then went to 
Frankfort, in this county, and sold goods there for six ^^ears. Mr. Wool- 
dridge is widely and favorably known, and stands high as a reliable busi- 
ness man. 

OR. ROBERT H. WILSON, P. O., Cambridge. Was born on 
Timber Ridge, Rockbridge county, Virginia, March 4, 1829, in the same 
house in which Gen. Sam Houston was born, and on the same day on 
which Gen. Jackson was inaugurated president the second time. He was 
second son of David S. Wilson, of Augusta county, Virginia, who 
was raised to manhood, and was married to Miss Margaret Skinner, in 
Rockbridge county, and moved to this- county when the subject of this 
sketch was but fifteen months old. Dr. Wilson has spent the principal 
part of his life in Saline county, except six years, from 1849 to 1857, 
which he spent in California. Dr. Wilson attended the National Medical 
College of Washington City, and graduated there in 1861. He is of 
Scotch-Irish descent. His grandfather, William Wilson, had four sons 
who came to the west, viz: Gen. John Wilson, now of San Francisco, 
California; Robert Wilson, formerly of St. Joseph, Missouri; Col. Wil- 
liam A. Wilson, deceased, of this county, and David S. Wilson, the doc- 
tor's father, who, with Gen. John Wilson, were soldiers of the war of 
1812, and were known in the old times as old Virginia gentlemen. 

THOMAS C. SHUMATE, P. O., Cambridge. On the 17th of Feb- 
ruary, 1829, Mr. T. C. Shumate was born in Knox county, Ohio, and in 
39 



610 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1837 came to Missouri with his parents, and located in Lewis county, and 
lived there until 1S4S, when he moved to Saline county. In 18-19, 2.5th of 
August, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Duncan, daughter of Benjamin 
F. and Sarah A. Duncan, of this county. They have five children, three 
sons and two daughters. Since manhood, Mr. Shumate has followed 
farming and stock raising all his life, and on the farm where he now 
resides. His father, James Shumate, died in 1ST9, at the advanced age of 
eighty-one years. 

LEWIS P. COLLINS, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Bath county, 
Kentucky, on the loth day of December, 1821; moved to Missouri in 1844, 
and settled in Glasgow, Howard count}-. He married Miss Emily J. 
Andrews, and lived there five years. In 1849 he moved to this county, 
and then back to Glasgow in 1851, and in the following winter, to Chari- 
ton county. In the spring of 1855 he moved back to this county, and 
located in the town of Cambridge. He h s five children, three sons and 
two daughters, all of whom are now growm. Mr. Collins is a w^agon 
maker by trade, but for many years has given his attention to farming 
and stock feeding. 

F. H. GILLIAM, P. O., GilHam. Was born in Prince Edward 
county, Virginia, on the 30th of March, 1814, where he was raised and 
educated. In 1835, at the age of twenty-one, he determined to move west, 
and came to this county. He settled at the mercantile business in Cam- 
bridge, which, for several years, he conducted with marked success. He 
then purchased a large tract of land one and one-half miles from Cam- 
bridge, and turned his attention to farming. In 1850 he crossed the plains 
to California, returning the next year, 1851. He then built a large saw- 
mill on his farm, from which he receives a considerable revenue. After 
the completion of the C. & A. R. R., and the location of the town of Gil- 
liam, he established an extensive flouring mill there; main building, 45x5»i; 
boiler-room, 45x20, four stories high ; four run of burrs, with a capacity of 

pounds of flour daily, and latest improved machinery. He is also 

proprietor of the Gilliam lumber yard. July 4, 1837, he w^as married to 
Miss Ann E. Ayers, daughter of Matthias and Nancy G. Ayers, of Buck- 
ingham county, Virginia. They have six children, two sons and four 
daughters, and man}- grandchildren. Mr. Gilliam lost his first wife, and' 
was married again on the 15th of March, 1881, to Mrs. Mary A. Swinney, 
widow of James E. Swinney. He is in the full vigor of life and health, 
and full of energy. He is carrying on milHng extensively, and deals 
heavily in lumber; and also largely engaged in farming. Mr. Gilliam 
ranks high as a business man, and as a social gentleman. 

WILLIAM M. MANGUS, P. O., Cambridge. W. F. Mangus was 
born in Flemming county, Kentucky, January 3, 1834, w^here he was 
raised and educated, and lived until he was twenty-four 3-ears old. He 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 611 

then moved to Missouri and settled in Saline county, in January, 1858. 
In the next year he went south, to the State of Louisiana, and was 
employed as overseer on a cotton plantation. In 1865 he returned to this 
county. He was married on the 27th day of December, 1858, to Miss 
Susan Perry, daughter of John T. and Martin Perry. They have nine 
children, five sons and four daughters. Mr. Mangus is farming about four 
and one-half miles from Cambridge, and is always glad to see his friends 
and show them his fine stock. 

DAVID HUNTER, P. O., Cambridge. Was born on the 2d of Sep- 
tember, 1825, in Perry county, Pennsylvania, where he was raised, and 
learned his trade, that of stone-mason. In the year 1842 he went to Iowa, 
and worked at his trade. Not liking Iowa, he moved to MisssQuri, in 
1868, and settled in this county. Here he found plenty of work, and 
worked steadily for several years, and then concluded to try farming. On 
the 3d of May, 1849, he was married to Miss Lydia Starr, and had four 
children, three boys and one girl. He lost his first wife, and after her 
death he married Miss Mary A. Shumate, February 2, 1871. This union 
has not been blessed with children. Mr. Hunter is yet hale and hearty, 
and most highly respected by the communit}^ in which he lives. 

A. F. RECTOR, P. O., Slater. Mr. Rector is a son of Wm. B. and 
Susan D. Rector, and was born March 26, 1852, in Campbell county, Vir- 
ginia. His early life was spent at school. He came to Missouri in 1870, 
and settled in Chariton county, where he was engaged in farming for two 
3'ears. He then engaged as railroad agent at Dalton, in the same county, 
where he remained until 1878, when he went to Slater, in Saline county, 
and took charge of the office at that place. Mr. Rector was married 
January 10, 1878, to Miss Lucy M., second daughter of Jacob M. Vena- 
ble, of Chariton county. The}' have one child, George Vest. Mr. Rec- 
tor was elected justice of the peace of Chariton county in 1877, He is a 
member of the M, E. Church, South, and a man of integrity, and one of 
the strong business men of his town, 

JAMES W, GIBBS, P, O., Slater. The subject of this sketch is a 
son of Hiram and Susan A. Gibbs, and was born November 9, 1838, in 
Palmyra, Marion county, Missouri. His early life was spent on the farm. 
At the age of thirty-five he went to Merhphis, Missouri, and engaged in 
selling goods. He remained there five years, when he came to Saline 
county, and opened a hotel in Miami, where he remained for seven 
months. He moved to Slater in September, 1878, and opened a hotel on 
Front street, convenient to the depot, Mr. Gibbs was married May 6, 
1858, to Miss Sarah A. Petty, of Schuyler county, Missouri. They have 
four children: Susan E., Telitha O., John W., and Mattie E. Mr. Gibbs 
is a Ro3-al Arch Mason, and has served as master of the lodge. He is a 



612 HISTORY OF SALINE "COUNTY. 

member of I. O. O. F., and of the M. E. Church, South. His grand- 
father, John Palmer, was a soldier in the war of 1812. 

W. J. BAKER, P. O., Slater. Mr. Baker is the son of Jos. and 
Charlotte Baker, and was born May 3, IS-iT, in Ross county, Ohio, where 
he remained until sixteen years of age, when he began railroading, in 
which he continued until he was twenty-one years old. He came to 
Saline county in 1S6S, where he has been engaged in farming and thresh- 
ing, up to the present time. He now lives one and one-half miles south- 
west of Slater, Snd owns 90 acres of good farming and timber land. Mr. 
Baker was married April 26, 1874, to Miss Martha, daughter of Judge 
Gwinn, who came to Saline county, in 1816. They have two children: 
Adair and Mary. 

PETER SHEER, P. O., Slater. Mr. Sheer was born March 27, 
1834, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and is the son of John and 
Margaret Sheer. He left Ohio in 1846, with his parents, and went to 
Adams county, Illinois, where he remained until the spring of 1879, when 
he moved to Saline county and settled two miles west of Slater, where he 
owns 230 acres of choice farming and pasture land. Mr. Sheer was mar- 
ried August 20, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Beilsteine, of Adams county, Illi- 
nois. They have seven children: George W., Mary A., John, Charles 
P., Adam, Annie, Wm. P. Mr. Sheer and family are members of the 
C. P. Church. He has filled various offices of trust during his life. 

WILLIAM L. ISH, P. O., Slater. Mr. Ish was born Junuary 4, 
1819, in Saline county, Missouri. He is the son of Jacob and Parthena 
Ish, who came to Saline county, in 1815. Mr. Ish now lives one mile 
north of Slater, and owns a good body of farming land. Mr. Ish was 
married June 24, 1838, to Miss Mary L., daughter of James Wil- 
hite, who came to Saline county in 1815. They have three children: 
Benton, Mrs. George Willis, John C. B. Mr. Ish is a ruling elder of the 
C. P. Church, and a member of I. O. O. F. In December, 1861, he 
started south with Col. Frank Robinson, but was captured at Black water, 
and taken to St. Louis; thence to Alton, where he remained in prison, two 
and one-half months. 

BURNIS B. DAVIS, P. O., Slater. Mr. Davis is a son of William 
and N. H. Davis, and was born August 10, 1848, in Saline county, Mis- 
souri. At the age of eighteen he learned the carpenter trade, and has 
worked at his trade ever since. In 1879 he moved to Slater. He is a 
member of the firm of Brown & Davis, carpenters and builders. Mr. 
Davis was married October 8, 1873, to Miss Fannie Remington, of 
Saline county. They have one child, Lee. Mr. Davis is a member of 
the I. O. O. F. 

WILLIAM B. KINCAID, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Kincaid, son of 
Samuel B. and Nancy Kincaid, was born in Nicholas county, Kentucky, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 613 

June 23, 1S31, where he was raised on a farm, and educated in the countiy 
schools. In 1854 he moved to Cass county, Missouri, and there married 
Miss Margaret J. Johnson, July 6, 1854. He continued to farm in Cass 
county until 1861, and then came to this county. Soon after he moved 
to Cooper county, and in 1S6!> returned to Saline, where he has since been 
engaged in farming and stock-raising. While in the rebel arm}', he was 
in Quantrell's command, and stuck to him all through the w'ar. 

JOHN N. BROWNING, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Bracken 
coimty, Kentucky, November 10, 1S32, and with his parents (Caleb and 
Penelope Browning) moved to Pike county, Illinois, in 1833, where 
he was raised on a farm, and was educated in the common schools. In 
1856 he moved to Scotland county, Missouri. He then returned and set- 
tled in this countv, and engaged in farming, at which he was busily 
emplo3'ed when the war broke out. In 1861 he took the side of the old 
flag, and enlisted as a private in company F, 7th Missouri cavalry. Col. 
Houston, and was in the army three years. Was at the battles of Lone 
Jack, Prairie Grove, Springfield, Pine Bluff, and many skirmishes. Jan- 
uary IT, 1877, he married Miss Dinah Andrews, and has two sons and 
one daughter 

MICHAEL G. ALKIRE, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Michael and 
Margaret Alkire, was born in St. Charles county, Missouri, November 24, 
1852. In finding a settlement he went from St. Charles county to Holt 
county, then to Clay county, then to Barry county, Arkansas, then to 
Cedar county, Missouri, then to Franklin county, and finally arrived in 
Saline county in 1877. On the 23d of December, 1875, he was married 
to Miss Emily F. Erskine, and has two sons. He is a farmer by occupa- 
tion and choice; and gives his undivided attention to cultivating the soil, 
and dealing in horses, cattle, mules and hogs, with much success. 

JAMES C. POLLARD, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Abner (soldier 
of the war of 1812) and Martha Pollard, was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, 
June 15, 1820. After going to school for a while, he was apprenticed to 
a shoemaker, until his eighteenth year. In 1838 his family came to Cal- 
laway county, Missouri, where he came also, and concluded to learn the 
blacksmith trade. He then moved to Boone county, and then to Monroe 
county, where he remained five years, and engaged to learn the boot and 
shoe business. He then mov^ed to Randolph county and stayed there six- 
teen years. From Randolph county he came to Saline, where he 
engaged in farming, and then went to Johnson, but did not like Johnson, 
and returned to Saline. In September, 1840, he married Miss Eliza- 
beth Haley, who bore him one daughter, Lizzie H. His wife died; and 
he married on the 26th of December, 1875, to Miss Sarah Bella Nickell. 
Though he has tried thrte occupations, blacksmith, shoemaker and farm- 
ing, Mr. Pollard is doing well financially. 



614 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

GEORGE W. BRADSHAW, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Frederick 
and Sarah Bradshaw, was born in Mercer county Kentucky, on the 15th 
of June, 1S59, and about the age of twelve came with his parents to Mis- 
souri, and settled in this county September 30, 1871. He assisted his 
father on the farm, attending school when he could. He is not yet mar- 
ried, and is at present carrying on farming and stock feeding to a consid- 
erable extent. He has the character of an honest, sober, industrious and 
thrifty farmer. 

A. H. MARTIN, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Lewis B. and Elizabeth 
Martin, was born in Madison county, Kentucky, in 1843, where he was 
raised on a farm, and attended school. He went to Boone county, Ken- 
tucky, but returned to Madison county in 1868. He then came to Pike 
county, Missouri, but again returned to Madison county, Kentucky. After 
staying there a while, he again came to Missouri, and settled in this 
county, March 28, 1881. On the 1st of November, 1864, he was married 
to Miss Sallie P. Baker, and has one son. In 1862 he enlisted in the Fed- 
eral army and was in the battles of Camden, Ervin and Richmond, etc. 
He is now giving his whole attention to farming and stock raising. 

THOMAS HOLMES, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Peleg and Mary A. 
Holmes, was born in New York, Ma}' 17, 1836, where he was educated 
for the ministry. In 1856 he moved to Tennessee, and after remaining 
there a short time, he went to Cambridge county, Kentucky. In 1868 he 
came to Missouri, and was engaged in surveying, engineering and school 
teaching. In 1871 he came to Cambridge, in this county, and had charge 
of the public schools here for several years, which he conducted with 
credit and honor to himself, and satisfaction to the trustees and patrons. 
While teaching, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1874, and 
since then, he has been practicing law in this county. September 1, 1858, 
he married Miss Kate N. Mathias, and has one son, Thomas R. 

THOMAS WALTERS, P. O., Cambridge. Is the son of Joseph 
and Elizabeth Walters. Was born in Cox county, Ohio, September 15, 
1845, and moved to Brown county. Ills., where he remained six years, and 
commenced attending school.. Made a trip to Minnesota and Illinois, and 
came to Missouri and settled in this count}^ in 1869. On the 27th of 
March, 1869, he married Miss Martha R. Watts, and has three sons and 
one daughter. His occupation is that of a farmer, in which he has been 
engaged ever since he came to this county. He also pays considerable 
attention to the buying and shipping of stock. 

JOHN LEE HILL, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Hill is the son of Phihp 
M. Hill, and was born in this county, February 2, 1839, where he grew 
up on a farm, and was educated in the county schools. In 1861 he 
responded to Gov. Jackson's call, and joined Capt. Wm. B. Brown's 
compan}', M. S. G., and was at the battle of Booneville, where Capt. (then 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 615 

Colonel) Brown was killed, and he was wounded and returned home. In 
1863 he went to Texas with Col. McColloch, and in February, 1864, 
was in the battles of Camden, Arkadelphia, Ockloney, Marks' Mills, 
Prairie Dean, Saline River, etc. At Duvall's Bluffs he had two horses 
shot from under him. Remained in the army to the end of the war, and 
surrendered at Shreveport, in 186.5. On the 7th of April, 1863, he mar- 
ried Mrs. Sarah E. McDaniel, and has three children: Gertrude L., 
Judith C, and George B. Mr. Hill gives his entire attention to farming 
and stock-raising, and, has since the war, been very successful. 

SAMUEL V. DANIEL, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Elias J. and 
Susan Daniel; was born in Campbell county, Virginia, January 5, 1848, 
and when a youth came with his parents to this county, in 1858, receiving 
his education partly in Virginia and partly in Missouri, finishing at Cam- 
bridge. He continued on the farm with his parents until 1874, and then 
went to Carroll county, and engaged in farming and stock-raising. While 
living in Carroll he married Miss Martha L. McKinney, of Saline county. 
December 23. 1874. He lived in Carroll about five years, and then, in 
1870, returned to Saline and purchased the fine farm on which he now 
lives. Besides his farm, Mr. Daniel is also engaged, with Mr. B. W. 
Swinney, in buying and shipping mules, cattle and hogs, in which they 
are meeting with considerable success. . He has three children: America 
G., Charles R. and Birdie N. 

L. JAMES WILKES, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Samuel M. and 
Margaret R. Wilkes; was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, January 16, 
1842, and in the next year came with his parents to Holt county, Mis- 
souri, and in 1845 moved to Platte county, and from Platte came to 
Saline and settled, in 1852, where he grew up on the farm, and attended 
school in the winter months. In the fall of 1861 he joined the body 
of recruits going south, under Col. Robinson, and was captured with 
them on Blackwater, December 19, 1861, taken to St. Louis, and then to 
Alton, Illinois, until July 1862, when he took the oath, was released and 
came home and commenced farming, which he continued until Novem- 
ber, 1863; he then enlisted as private in company E, First Missouri cav- 
alry, Col. Gordon, under Gen. Shelby, and was in the battles of Hickory 
Station, Ditch Bayou, Mark's Mills, Prairie Dean, Little Missouri and 
Big Blue, where he was badly wounded in right side and taken prisoner, 
and taken November, 1864, to Gratiot street prison, St. Louis, and then 
to Alton, Illinois. He again took the oath, returned home, and again 
went to farming. On the 4th of August, 1868, he married Miss Laura E. 
Letham, and has had eight children, four now living: Annie Lee, Thomas 
M., David C. and John H. Wilkes. 

SUSAN R. DANIEL, P. O., Cambridge, is the daughter of Vincent 
and Sarah A. Turpin; was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, near the 



616 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

natural bridge, October 12, 1S26, where she grew up and received her 
education. On the 5th of April, 1843, she was married to Mr. Elias J. 
Daniel, living in V'irginia; about three years after marriage, they then 
moved to near Lynchburg, Virginia, and remained there until 1S5S, when 
they moved to Missouri, and settled in this county. Her husband pur- 
chased a farm here; he was an excellent financier, and a good manager, 
and was very successful. Ke died, November 13, 1868, leaving her in the 
care of a large farm and seven children: Sarah E., John W., Samuel V., 
INIarshall L., Mary E., \"irginia P., and James R. Her sons have nobly 
assisted her in the management of the farm. 

NEWTON MORGAN, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Richard and 
Louisa Morgan, was born in Trimble county, Virginia, May 18, 18-1-i, 
Avhere he was raised and educated. He lived there, attending the duties 
of the farm until the war broke out. In 1861 he joined Gen. Morgan's 
command and was in the battles of Lebanon, Tennessee, and Lebanon, 
Kentucky, Milton, Lexington, Snow Hill, and the raid through Indiana 
and Ohio, and was captured at Buffington Island, and taken to Fort Dela- 
ware, where he remained till the end of the war, and returned home in 
1866. Come to Marion county, Missouri, and in 1868 to Saline county, 
and began farming. On the 2d of April, 1874, he married Nannie Cun- 
ningham, and has four children, two living: Henry L. and Mary K. He 
is still occupied with farming. 

THOMAS HOWARD, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Zadoc and Nancy 
Howard. Was born in Spencer county, Kentucky, July 20, 1839, and at 
twelve years of age moved with his parents to Lewis county, Missouri, 
and remained there until 1861. He then enlisted in company A, Col. 
Porter's regiment, M. S. G., and was in the battles of Shelbina, Lexing- 
ton, Dry Run, and Shiloh. He then joined Gen. John Morgan, in July, 
1863, and was in the battle of Perryville; was captured at Knoxville; 
escaped, and went to Indiana, in the spring of 1864, and there married 
Miss Amanda E. Allen, July 20, 1867. He was engaged in farming 
before and after his marriage. He has three children: John L., Charles 
A., and Lillian May. Mrs. Howard died May 15, 1875. Mr. Howard 
has not married again. 

ROBERT A. MURRELL, P. O., Cambridge. Son of Jeflrey and 
Lavinia Murrell. Was born in Campbell county, Virginia, Jul}- 25, 1836, 
where he was raised and educated. In 1858, he came to Saline county, Mis- 
souri, and remained here about three j-ears, when he returned to Virginia, 
in 1861. In the spring of 1862, he enlisted in the Confederate army, 
under Gen. Longstreet, and was engaged in the battles of Williamsburg^ 
Seven Pines, Wilderness, Gettvsburg, and was taken prisoner at the fight 
of Five Forks, and held for seventy-five days, then pardoned at the close 
of the war, when he married Miss Ann M. Perron, and went to farming, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 617 

which occupation he followed until ISTG. He then returned to this 
county, and commenced puttin<ij up tobacco for Mr. Gilliam. The next 
year, he again began farming, together with prizing and shipping tobacco. 
They have five children: Charles, Robert C, Emory P., Franklin L., 
and Fletcher M. 

MARSHALL L. DANIEL, P. C, Gilliam. Son of EHas J. and 
Susan R. Daniel. Was born in Campbell count}-, Virginia, in 1850, and 
at the age of eight, caoie with his parents, in 1858, to this count}-, where 
he was educated, and commenced farming on his own account. In 1871, 
he went to Texas for his health and change of climate, but returned dis- 
appointed, in one year. On the 13th of November, 1873, he was married 
to Miss Jennie H. Swinney, and in 1874 went to the Indian territory, with 
his wife and one child, intending to settle there. He lived there a while, 
had one child b&rn,and lost both of his children, he concluded to return to 
Saline county and make it his future home, which he did the following 
year, and again went to farming. By strict economy and attention to 
business, he has provided for himself and family a comfortable home. 
He has now three children living: James, Dennis M. and Marion M. 

JOHN W. DANIEL, P. O., Gilliam. Son of Elias J. and Susan R. 
Daniel. Was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, December 20, 18-15, 
and in 1858, came with his parents to this county, where he was educated 
in the vilHage of Cambridge. In 1866, he went to Illinois and lived there 
one year; then returned to this county; then went to Carroll county, in 
1868, and lived one year, and there, December 7, 1869, married Miss 
Annie E. Lucas, and in 1870, returned again to Saline, and engaged in 
farming and stock raising for two years. He then went back to Carroll 
county and farmed for three years. He now determined to make a per- 
manent location, and with his wife and three children: Ely J., Benjamin 
F., and Ellen, again moved to this county, purchased and improved a 
tract of land, and has since been engaged in farming and feeding and 
shipping stock. 

THOMAS SHEPHERD, P. O., Cambridge. Son of William and Eliz- 
abeth Shepherd, was born in Clark county, Ky., July 9, 1831, and moved 
with his parents when quite a boy, in 1839, to Audrain county, Missouri, 
where he was raised on a farm, and educated as opportunity was afibrded. 
From Audrain county he came to Saline in March, 1854, and has lived 
in this county ever since. June 24, 1856, he married Miss Rebecca N. 
Wassen, and has eight children living: Sarah L., William F., Joseph H., 
Claiborne, Vinie, Thomas, Vinney V., and Vada. After coming to Saline, 
he engaged in flat-boating for a few years. He then commenced raising 
tobacco with profit, and then went to regular farming. He now owns a 
valuable farm. In 1875 Mrs. Shepherd assisted her husband to raise 



618 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. U 

1,000 barrels of corn, and a tobacco crop that sold for $l,O0o, besides 
attending to her duties as housewife. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN M. NEFF, farmer, was born in Tennessee, June 24, 1817. 
He came to Missouri with his mother when quite young, and was 
educated in this county. When they came to Saline, they settled 
on the farm now occupied by Dr. A. Neff. John Neff was married Feb- 
ruary 14, 18ol», to Mary Neft', his second cousin, daughter of George Neff. 
After his marriage, Mr. John M. Neff lived on a farm twelve miles east 
of Marshall, upon which he died, August 28, 1877, and was buried on the 
Isaac Neff farm. They had eight children, seven of whom are living, 
five girls and tw^o boys: Nancy E., Dixon, Lucy Ann, Mary Bell, Fanny 
G., Laura J., Isaac, and Walter A. Mrs. Neff and her sons continue to 
carry on the farm since her husband's death. 

DANIEL L. WATTS. The subject of this sketch was born in Ross 
count}', Ohio, March 6, 1817, where he was raised and educated in the 
common schools of Ross and Highland counties. At the age of nineteen 
he went to Covington, Kentucky, and learned the plasterer's trade. From 
there he went to Madison count}^ Indiana; from there he re-crossed the 
Ohio, to Henry county, Kentucky, working at his trade. In 1842 he came 
to Marshall, Missouri, remaining one winter, and then went to Arrow 
Rock, where he stayed until 1849. In 1848 he w^as married to Miss Julia 
Bingham, daughter of John Bingham, of Saline county. In 1849, the gold 
fever took him to California, and he stayed there two years. Not having 
much success, he returned to Arrow Rock, until 1866, when he moved to 
his farm of 170 acres on which he now resides, and to which he devotes 
his whole attention. 

WILLIAM FRAZER, deceased. Mr. Wm. Frazer was born in 
Spottsylvania county, Virginia, near Fredericksburg. At the age of 15 
he went to Fayette county, Kentucky, and there attended Transylvania 
University, studied law in Lexington Kentucky, and practiced his profes- 
sion several years at Williamstown, Kentucky. He then gave it up, and 
began the manufacture of bagging and bail rope, at Lexington, Kentucky, 
at which he continued for forty years. Was married in Fayette county, 
Keutuckv, to Miss Ann Overton. He had seven children, six of whom 
are still living, three boys and three girls: William, James and Robert, 
Mary, Rebecca and Virginia. In 1854 he moved to Lafayette county, 
Missouri, and in the following spring, moved to Utica, Livingston county, 
Missouri, where he lived seven years, and made brick extensively. In 
1861 he moved to Springfield, Missouri, and thence into Arkansas. In a 
short time he returned to Missouri, to Audrain count}-; and in 1867 moved 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. BIO* 

to Saline county and settled on a farm three miles west of Saline City, 
where he died Autrust 14, 1880, and was buried at Union burying ground. 
His wife died in 18T!>, and was buried at the same place. Robert, third son 
of Wm. Frazer, was born in Lexington, Kentucky, February 23, 1839, 
where he was educated in Transylvania University, and lived with his 
parents until 1861. He enlisted in the Confederate armv (see soldier's 
record). After the war he came to Saline and engaged in farming. In 
the fall of 1880 he was elected to the legislature from the first district of 
Saline county, which office he now fills. 

ARCHIBALD GREGORY, Gregory & West, farmers. Mr. Arch. 
Gregoi-y was born one mile north of Marshall, August 2, 1838, and edu- 
cated in Saline county. His father was a native of Tennessee. John B. 
West, Mr. Gregory's partner and brother-in-law, was born in East Ten- 
nessee, in Knox county, Nov. 15, 1827. His father was a native of Rock- 
ingham, county, Virginia. In 18-1:7 he was married to Sarah Gregory, 
daughter of William Gregory, and some years after settled on the farm 
where he now lives. Messrs. Gregory & West are at present engaged 
in farming and stock-feeding in partnership. They are farming 860 acres 
of land, 580 of which they own. In 1880 they raised, on 180 acres, 
5,335 bushels of wheat, besides dealin g very largely in stock. 

WILLIAM SHEPHERD, P. O., Cambridge. Son of William and 
Phoebe Shepherd, was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, on the 15th of 
October, 1839, and in 1841 was moved by his parents to Monroe county, 
Missouri. In 1856 he came to this county, and has been engaged in 
farming ever since he came to Saline, making a specialty of tobacco- 
growing. He was married to Miss Paulina Morgan on the 21st of May, 
1865, and has six children, two sons and four daughters. 

JESSE M. MABRY, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Mabry was born in 
Georgia, December 26, 1846, and moved with his father to Ray county, 
Missouri, in 1854. In 1875 he went to Colorado; returned in 1877 to Ray 
county, and in the next year, 1878, moved to this county and settled in 
Clay township. On the 9th of June, 1878, he married Miss Elizabeth 
Johnson, and has one son, born September 10, 1880. Mr. Mabry is a 
farmer and stock-dealer, and has been very successful in handling stock 
since he came to Saline. 

JOSEPH R. DENNIS, P. O., Little Rock. Son of James M. and 
Annie Dennis; was born in this county, March 25, 1846, where he has 
lived nearly all his life, except about four years, during which he w^as in 
the Federal army, in which he enlisted in 1862, as a private, and was dis- 
charged in the spring of 1865. August 2d, 1862, he enlisted in company 
F, Eighty-fourth Indiana regiment; was engaged in the battles of Chica- 
maugua, Atlanta, Sherman's March, Nashville, and others; and came 
through without a scratch. After the war he returned to Saline, and on 



620 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the 10th of March, 1S6T, was married to Miss Mary Pursley, and has five 
children, two sons and three daughters. He farms larg^ely, and handles 
stock considerably. 

ALBERT MURPHY, P. O., Little Rock. Is the son of John and 
Elizabeth Murphy, and was born in Howard county, Missouri, on the 
20th of September, 1S27, and at the age of nine years came with his 
parents to this county. On the 2oth of July, 18.54, he was married to 
Miss Jemima Dennis, and has nine children, six sons and three daughters. 
Mr. Murphy is a farmer by choice of occupation, and one of excellent 
judgment and large experience. 

M. F. DENNIS, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Dennis is a native Missou- 
rian, and was born in this county on the 9th of Februar}', 1S49, where he 
has grown up on a farm, and was educated. On the 22d of October, 
1873, at the age of twenty-four, he was married to Miss Martha J. Evans, 
and has one daughter, Mary E. Dennis, born March 3, 1876. Mr. 
Dennis is one of the solid farmers of Saline, and is adding to his estate, 
3-ear by year. 

WILLIAM F. ROWLAND, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Ran- 
dolph county, Missouri, May 7, 184-4, where he spent his youth and 
grew to manhood. At the age of seventeen, he joined the southern 
army, in 1861, and remained to the end, in 1865. He first joined the M. 
S. G. under Gov. Jackson's call, then, in 1862, he enlisted as second cor- 
poral in company G, Capt. Perkins, 9th Missouri, in Gen. Shelby's com- 
mand, and was slightly wounded four times, and surrendered at Shreve- 
port, in 1865. He was engaged in following battles: First and second 
Booneville, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Cross Hollows, W^ilson's creek. Cape 
Girardeau, Old Jackson, and others. After the war, he returned home, 
and in 1870 moved to Pettis county, and the next year, 1871, came to this 
count}', and settled, as his permanent home. On the 1st of January, 1874, 
he married Miss Annie Eversman, and has one daughter, Annie R., born 
April 17, 1875. Mr. Rowland is one of the extensive farmers and stock 
men of Saline. 

HENRY DEER, P. O., Little Rock. Is the son of Lewis and Nancy 
Deer, and was born in Bovle county, Kentucky, May 11, 1819, where he 
was raised and educated. In 1843, January 18, he married Miss Cynthia 
A. Fisher, and in 1847, moved to Buchanan county, Missouri, where he 
remained until 1863, and then returned to Kentucky. After the close of 
the war, he returned to Missouri, and settled in Saline county, which he 
has made his permanent home. By his first wife he has five sons, and 
one daughter. His first wife died August 12, 1854, and he married 
again May 10, 1855 to Miss Margaret Crutchfield, and has one son, 
making seven children in all. Mr. Deer is a hard working, genial, and 
honest farmer, whose greatest pleasure is in his own fireside and famil}'. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 621 

MEREDITH CROSSLIN, P. O., Gilliam. Son of James and Sarah 
Crosslin, was born in this county, August 28, 1824. In 1855 he moved to 
Howard county and lived there ten years, and returned to Saline in 1865. 
On the 1st of August, 1852, he married Miss Elizabeth Liggett, and has 
eight children, four sons and four daughters. Mr. Crosslin is a hard 
working, honest man, and during the war, remained at home at work and 
attending to his own business, until the fall of 1864, when he too was 
forced to leave and seek refuge in the confederate army. He joined the 
army on Price's raid through Missouri ; and the next spring returned 
home, and to work with his accustomed energy. 

WILLIAM P. MORRISON, P. O., Cambridge. Is a native Missou- 
rian, and was born in Clark county, Missouri, September 14, 1849, and 
moved to Saline county with his parents, in 1855, and settled on the farm 
where he now lives. On the 26th of November, 1871, he was married to 
Miss Mary N. McKinney, daughter of John F. and Virginia McKinney. 
They have three children, one boy and two girls. In 1875, Mr. Morrison 
moved to Cambridge, and for two years engaged in the general mercan- 
tile business, and succeeded beyond his anticipations. Bat he had been 
raised on a farm and liked it so much better than selling goods, that he 
sold out and returned to his farm. 

MICHAEL C. JOHNSON, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Johnson was 
born in Howard county, Missouri, June 14, 1830. He moved to Jackson 
county, in 1856, and farmed there for several years, and then came to 
Saline county, where he has since resided, except while in the Confeder- 
ate army. He was married to Miss Martha B. Woollard, March 13, 1856, 
and has three children living, two sons and one daughter. He h^s given 
farming his special attention, and by economy, industry and judgment, 
has succeeded in laying up a comfortable living for his family. Mr. John- 
son enlisted in 1861, under Gov. Jackson's first call for state 'troops, in Gen. 
Raines' brigade, M. S. G., as a private, then in the C. S. A.; a while with 
Quantrell, and then gave up and quit, in 1864 or 1865. Was taken pris- 
over at Lone Jack, but escaped soon after. Participated in the battles of 
Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Lone Jack, Pea Ridge and many others. 

JAMES E. NICKELL, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in this county 
on the 18th of July, 1839. He is a son of Carvile and Nancy Ann Nick- 
ell, and, like the rest of his father's sons, has lived in this county all his 
life, except during the time he was in the Confederate army. On the 5th 
of June, 1879, he was married to Miss Maria C. Ayers, and has one child, 
a daughter: Rosie F. Nickell, born August 13, 1880. Like his brothers, 
he is one of the solid farmers of the county. In November, 1862, Mr. 
Nickell enhsted as sergeant in Co. E. 1st Reg. Mo. Cavalry, Col. Shelby 
first, then Gordon, and surrendered in May, 1865. Was slightly 
wounded in left wrist at Corinth, and in right side at Cane Hill. Partici- 



622 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

pated in the battles of Prairie Grove, Newtonia, Cane Hill, Lexington, 
Cape Girardeau, Helena, Little Rock, Salina River, Marks' Mill, Wilson 
Creek, Corinth, Shiloh, Grenada, etc. 

ISAAC R. NICKELL, P. O., Little Rock. Son of Carvile and Nancy 
Ann Nickell, was born November 28, IS-tl, in this county, and has spent 
his life here, except the time during which he was in the army. On the 
8th of Februar}-, 1866, he was married to Miss Mary J. Ford, and had 
one daughter, Ada W., born December 27, 1867. His first wife died on 
the 27th of June, 1869, and he married his second wife. Miss Mary E. Wil- 
hite, April 4th, 1879. By this second marriage he has two children, 
Floyd, born March 17, 1880; Mitchell B., born April 4, 1881. Mr. 
Nickell has served his township as constable for four years. His occupa- 
tion is farming, which he has always followed. In November, 1862, Mr. 
Nickell enlisted as a private in Company E, Captain Garrett, First Mis- 
souri cavalry; Colonel, first Shelby, then Gordon, and served through 
to the close, in May, 1865 and surrendered. "Was never captured 
or wounded. He participated in the following battles: Prairie Grove, 
Newtonia, Cane Hill, Lexington, Cape Girardeau, Helena, Little Rock, 
Salina River, Mark's Mill, Wilson Creek, Corinth, Shiloh, Grenada, 
etc., etc. 

WILLIAM B. HARING, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Haring is the son 
of James H. and Mary Haring, and was born in this county on the 12th 
day of June, 1847, and so far has made Saline county his home all his 
life. On the 2(ith of April, 1869, he was married to Miss Melissa A. 
Harris, and has five children, born as follows: Lena M., born July 14, 
1871; William H., born June 17, 1873; Lugenia, born i.\ugust 22, 1875; 
George F., born March 3, 1878; Winnie A., born March 31, 1880. Mr. 
Haring has given his whole attention to his farm, and is a great admirer 
of fine stock. 

ANDREW NICKELL, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Saline 
county, Missouri, February 19, 1844, and has lived in this county all his 
life, except during the time he was in the Confederate army, in Price's 
raid, fall of 1864, to the spring of 1865. He was the son of Carvile and 
Nancy Ann Nickell. On the 13th day of January, 1876, he was married 
to Miss Nellie D. Cameron, and has two children: Sarah E., born Decem- 
ber 6, 1877, John H., born March 24, 1879. By occupation Mr. Nickell 
is a farmer, and by economy and industry has made for his family a com- 
fortable home. 

JAMES WILHITE, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Washington 
county, Tennessee, August 1st, 1796, and moved to West Tennessee, and 
married Miss Charity Hays, July 25, 1815. In 1816 he came to Missouri 
and settled in what is now Saline county, four years before the county 
was organized. He has six children living; his son William, once a mer- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 023 

chant in Arrow Rock, now living with his father, and taking care of 
him, and tive daughters. On the 14th of January, 1859, his wife died, 
after they had lived together forty-four years— and on the 10th day of 
March, of the same year, at the solicitation of his children, he married 
again. For his second wife he selected Miss Sallie C. White, and has 
ever since regarded the same as the best and most important act of his 
life. He witnessed the great overflows of 1843 and 1844, and greatly 
assisted the sutierers in that disastrous time. He vividly remembers how 
difficult it was to travel here in those early times, there being almost no 
roads but hog-paths, and poor hog-paths at that, Mr. Wilhite was in the 
war of 1812, under Gen. Andrew Jackson, but was in no regular battle, 
and has drawn pension for ten years. He was one of the men who built 
the first church in the county, forty-two years ago — Cumberland Presby- 
terian. He is now eighty-five years old and the most active man in the 
county of his age. 

JOHN M. ROBERTS, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Nelson 
county, Virginia, on the Sth of June, 1830, and is the son of Jeremiah and 
Mar\' A. Roberts. He moved to Missouri and settled in this countv, and 
married Miss Sarah E. Fields on the 15th of October, 1860. He then 
returned to Virginia, and served to the close of the war in the Confeder- 
ate army. In 1866 he returned to this county, and purchased the farm 
on which he now lives, and commenced farming, which he has continued 
to the present time, except a winter passed in Texas, where he went to 
locate, but did not like the countr3\ He returned to his farm in Saline, 
where he proposes to stay. He has four children, two sons and two 
daughters. 

GEORGE W. DUNCAN, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Duncan is the 
son of B. F. and Sarah A. Duncan, and was born in Logan county. Ken- 
tuck}', February 5, 1834. In 1837 he moved, with his parents, to How- 
ard county, Missouri, and to Saline county in 1842, and though but a boy, 
remembers the great overflow of the Missouri river in 1843-4, of which 
he was an eye-witness. On the 15th of Jannary, 1857, he married Miss 
Charlotte J. Shumate, and to this marriage were born seven children, five 
sons and two daughters. Mrs. Duncan died May 11, 1880. On the 19th 
of April, 1881, Mr. Duncan was married the second time, to Miss Mary 
Hays. He is one of the solid men of Saline county, giving now all his 
attention to farming and dealing in stock. 

A. R. GOODMAN, P. O., Gilliam. Was born in Henrico county, 
Virginia, October 30, 1821. Moved to Barren county, Kentuck}-, in 1835, 
and to Saline county, Missouri, in 1842; and remained here until 1851, 
when he removed to Atchison county, and lived there until 1860. In that 
year, I860, he moved back to this county. On the 3d of July, 1850, he 
was married to Miss Catherine N. Huft', daughter of Isaiah Huft', one of 



621 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the oldest citizens of Saline county. He has five children, three sons and 
two daughters. Mr. Goodman is a carpenter by trade, but is now devot- 
ing his attention entirely to farming and stock raising. 

ANTHONY C. HUFF, P. O., Gilliam. Mr. Huff is a native of this 
county, where he was born on the 4th day of April, 1827. In 1849, and 
again in 1852, he went to New Mexico; and on his return, stopped for a 
time in Platte and Holt counties, but soon returned and settled in this, his 
native county, in 1860, and has lived here ever since. On the 20th of 
March, 1852, he married Miss Mary A. Hamilton, of which marriage they 
have one child, a daughter, Sarah E. Huff, born, April 8th, 1855. Mrs. 
Huff died on the 20th, day of January, 1857, and on the 20th day of May, 
1859, he married Miss Sarah F. Goodman, and to this union eight chil- 
dren have been born, as follows: Lindsa L., born July 10, 1860; Sterling, 
born October 12, 1861; Robert E., born March 10, 1863; Anthony, born 
March 11, 1865; Cella M.,born April 14, 1867; Boliver, born April 12, 1869; 
and Lee A., born June 27, 1872. Mr. Huff has been in very delicate health ; 
but it is hoped that the health}^ location of his farm will add greatly to his 
comfort, and prolong his useful life. 

EDWARD McCLAIN, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Johnson 
county, Indiana, on the 4th day of February, 1844, and in the year 1877, 
came to Missouri, and settled in Saline county. On the 29th day of 
August, 1860, he married Miss Margaret Miller; they have four children, 
two boys and two girls. When he first visited Saline county, he was so 
enraptured with its matchless soil and e.xcellent class of people, that he 
immediately purchased land, his choice falling upon an admirable farm. 

EDWARD GOODMAN, P. O., Gilliam. Was born in Henrico 
county Virginia, on the 18th day of July, 1826, and moved to Kentucky 
when quite a boy, and to Saline county, Missouri, in 1842. On the 20th 
of July, 1847, he was married to Miss Minerva Dennis, of Indiana, and 
to this marriage was born five children, four sons and one daughter. In 
August, 1865, his wife died, and on the 29th of July, 1867, he was mar- 
ried again — this time, to Miss Sarah M. Crosslin. By this union he has 
two children, both girls. Mr. Goodman has lived m Saline ever since 
1842, and has devoted all his time and attention to his farm, and to rais- 
ing stock, being a great admirer of fine stock, and one of the best judges 
of horse-flesh in the county. 

JAMES M. JACKSON, P. O., Gilliam. Son of William and Marga- 
ret Jackson. Was born in Howard county, Missouri, December 14, 1831, 

and was married on the 14th of February, 1861, to . They have 

five children, born as follows: Lillian, born June 10, 1863; Robert E. 
Lee, born April 19, 186(1; Eva May, born May 14, 1868; Martha C, born 
November 5, 1870; Sallie P., born October 12, 1878. Mr. Jackson moved 
to Saline county in 1874,. and purchased the splendid farm on which he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 625 

now resides, and has since lived in this count}-. Before his marriage he 
sold groceries in Glasgow; since, he has given his undivided attention to 
farming and stock-feeding. 

N. S. BRUNDEGE, P. O., Gilliam. Was born in Howard county, 
Missouri, December 19, 1829, and is the son of John and Sarah Brundege. 
In IS-iO, he went to Boone county, and January 1, 1853, married Miss 
Minerva White. In 18(55, he moved to Randolph count}-; and then, in the 
fall of 1870, moved to Saline county, where he has since lived. By his first 
marriage he has one son, Willie, born March 10, 1855. His wife died 
in January, 1858; and in July, 1859, he was married again, this time to 
Miss Susan Reed, and by this second marriage has three children, all 
daughters. In April, 1871, his second wife died; and on the 31st of Octo- 
ber, 1872, he married Miss Minerva Allen, who has borne him three 
children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Brundege has been a farmer 
all his life, and by economy and good management has purchased himself 
a snug farm. 

EVAN B. MORGAN, P. O., Slater. Son of Evan B. and Abigail 
Morgan. Was born in Cook county, east Tennessee, on the 2d of 
August, 1806, and came to Saline county, Missouri, in 1817. On the 11th 
day of March, 18-40, he married Miss Caroline Jones, to which union 
there were born seven children, four sons and three daughters. Mr. 
Morgan was raised on a farm, and is considered in Saline, a successful 
farmer. 

ANDREW J. PLEMMONS, P. O., Gilliam, Son of John F. and 
Nancy Plemmons. Was born in Buckner county. North Carolina, on the 
8th of July, 1821, and in 1826, moved with his parents to Cooper county,, 
Missouri. They lived a short time in Cooper, and then went to Cole 
county; from there to Carroll county, and from Carroll to Illinois. From 
Illinois they moved to Saline county, Missouri, then to Vernon county. In 
1876, A. J. Plemmons moved back to Saline county; has lived here ever 
since, and intends to remain here. On the 7th of April, 1858, he was 
married to Miss Mary A. Denham. She died May 4, 1875, leaving no 
children. He married the second time, on the 16th of December, 1878. 
Except about a year that he was engaged in the mercantile business, in 
Arrow Rock, he has given his undivided attention to farming. 

HENRY JOHNSON, P. O., Little Rock. Is the son of C. and 
Patience Johnson, and was born in Ohio, on the Miami river, on the 21st 
of June, 1822. Came to Missouri and settled in this county in 1839. On 
the 20th of July, 1843, he married Miss Rhoda A. Cott, and has fifteen 
children, born as follows: William M., born May 24, 1845; Marietta, 
born March 12, 1847; James M. P., born August 17, 1848; Richard J., 
born February 12, 1851; Sarah C, born October 7, 1853; Elizabeth A., 
40 



1 



626 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY, 



born October 5, 1S55; Missouri A., born July 1, 1857; Milton P., born Feb- 
ruary 16, 1859; Sonora J., born November 11, 1860; Joseph M., born 
May 3, 1862; Pike, born November 21, 1863; Francis S., born Septem- 
ber 6, 1865; Patience, born February 10, 1867; Charles L., born Novem- 
ber 24, 1868; Fannie W., born March 28, 1871. Mr. Johnson is a black- 
smith by trade, and a fine mechanic. He owns and carries on one of the 
best farms, where all the farms are good, and has a shop on his farm. 

JAMES S. EVANS, P. O., GiUiam. Son of Bird E. and Elizabeth 
Evans, was born in Danville, Virginia, December 5, 1816. He first set- 
tled in Cooper county, Missouri, and lived there until 1870, and then 
came to this county. On the 4th of June, 1844, he was married to Miss 
Melinda Smith, and has three children, two sons and one daughter. He 
has lived in this county since 1870, and expects to continue farming in 
Saline the balance of his life, and to find his final resting place beneath 
her sod. 

WILLIAM M. GWINN, P. O. Gilliam. Mr. Gwinn was born on the 
30th dav of May, 1833, and was married to Miss Martha M. Liggett on 
the 24th of July 1855, and has nine children — one son, and eight daugh- 
ters. Was a member of the Missouri state guard, in 1861, and w^as in 
the battles of Booneville, Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge and others. From 
1875 to 187l», he was justice of the peace; and also postmaster at Fish 
Creek post office, during the same time. His occupation was that of a 
blacksmith. He is now, however, giving his whole attention to his farm, 
which is a fine one. His farm is admirabl}- watered, and some of the 
springs on it are noted in the neighborhood for their medicinal qualities. 
Mr. Gwann is a son of Arthur and Diana Gwan. 

AARON C. BRADSHAW, P. O., Gilliam. Son of Frederick H. 
and Sarah Bradshaw, was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, December 
18, 1854, and settled in Saline county in 1870. He was married to Miss 
Martha M. Crosslin on the 26th of September, 1876, and has one child, a 
son, born October 26, 1878. Mr. Bradshaw has lived in the county ever 
since he came here, in 1870. His neighbors and friend consider him as 
a wide awake and thrifty farmer. 

MRS. MILDRED PAGE, P. O., Cambridge. Mrs. Page was born 
in Nelson county, Virginia, on the 14th of February, 1803, and moved 
with her parents to Missouri in the year 1810, locating in Saline county, 
where she has ever since resided, and has never been outside of the 
county. On the 14th of May, 1833, she was married to Mr. John W. 
Page, and has seven children, one son and six daughters, eight grand- 
children, and two great-grandchildren. Mrs. Page has one daughter who 
is knowm over the county, and more or less, over the State. Miss 
Sophronia L. Page has been confined to her bed for nineteen years, and 
is probably one of the greatest sufferers in Missouri, yet she has borne 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 627 

her sufferings with the greatest christian patience and fortitude. At her 
husband's death, Mrs. Page was left with the care of a large family on 
her hands, and she has nobly fulfilled her mission, besides carrying on the 
farm. 

SYLVANUS REAMS, P. O., Little Rock. Son of Edward and 
Sarah A. Reavis, was born in this county on the 28th of January, 1851. 
In 1870 he went to Pettis county, Missouri, where he lived about one 
year, and from there went to St. Clair county, where he also remained a 
year. From St. Clair he moved to Bates county, and lived there two 
years. He then returned to his old home in Saline county, disgusted 
with roving around, and has Hved here since. On the 22d of November, 
1871, he married Miss Kassie C. Smith. Has four children, two boys 
and two girls. He is a plasterer by trade, but is now an experienced 
and extensive farmer. 

GRANVILLE A. BIGELOW, P. O., Little Rock. Son of Rufus 
and Harriet E. Bigelow, was born in St. Charles county, Missouri, Octo- 
ber 7, 1849, and came to Saline county with his parents in 1856. He 
worked on the farm, and attended school at ever}- opportunity, until he 
grew to manhood, when he bought a small farm of his own. On the 
23d of January, 1873, he married Miss Sarah L. Wilhite, and has five 
children, born as follows: William Rufus, born May 2, 1874; Etta Belle, 
born December 22, 1876; Mary A., born February 11, 1878; Richard A., 
born October 22, 1879; baby, not named, born March 6, 1881. Mr. Bige- 
low has a good farm, which he has greatly improved. As a generous, 
hospitable gentleman, he has no superior. 

HAMDEN S. PIPER, P. O., Little Rock. The subject of this 
sketch, son of John and Adaline Piper, was born in this county, Febru- 
ary 26, 1843, and except while in the southern army, and two years 
spent in Montana, has passed his life in Saline county. Was in Montana 
from 1864 to 1866. On the 3d of May, 1866, he was married to Miss 
Matilda Eversman, and has three sons and three daughters. He has a 
handsome estate, and is one of the most prosperous farmers in this 
county. Mr. Piper joined the M. S. G. in 1861, as a private, in Captain 
Liggett's company, Col. E. W. Price's regiment. Parsons' division, and 
was discharged at Shreveport, Louisiana. Was once taken prisoner, but 
escaped in a few hours, after a close chase for two miles. He was in the 
battles of first and second Booneville, Dry Wood, bombarding of steamer 
White Cloud, and in many fights and skirmishes. 

JOHN R. HARDIN, P. O., Slater. Son of Henry and Margaret 
Hardin, was born in Loudon county, Virginia, on the 14th of February, 
1819, where he was raised, and farmed for a number of years. At one 
time before the w'ar, he w'as an extensive dealer in leaf tobacco. He 
served in the Confederate army from the beginning to the close of the 



628 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

war, then left Virginia, moved to Missouri, and settled in this county. 
He was married on the loth day of May 1841, to Miss Annie Workman, 
and has nine children, five sons and four daughters. Ever smce his arri- 
val in Saline he has been engaged in farming, stock-feeding, etc. 

JOSEPH P. DAVIS, P. O., Little Rock. Son of' David B. and 
Rebecca C. Davis. Was born in Callaway county, Missouri, July 1, 
1834. Moved first to Dade county and lived there five years, then to this 
county in 1867, and has lived here ever since. On the 20th of November, 
1856, he married Miss Ehzabeth A. Lakin, and has seven children, two 
sons and five daughters. In his early days he gave lessons in music, and 
was very successful. He is at present engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
and feeding stock. By energy and business management, he has accu- 
mulated a handsome property. During the war, Mr. Davis was in the 
state militia for six months. 

DAVID C. MORRISON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Clark 
county, May 12, 1844, and, at ten years of age, in 1854, came with his 
parents, Archibald and Catherine Morrison, to Saline county. On the 
15th of September, 1867, he married Miss Evaline Willis, and has seven 
children, one son and six daughters. Mr. Morrison has spent nearly all 
his life in this county, except while in the Confederate army, and is noted 
for his thrift and hospitality. Mr. Morrison enlisted as a private in 1861, 
in M. S. G., and was in first and second battles of Booneville, etc. Was 
captured on Blackwater, in Col. Robinson's regiment of recruits, and 
held prisoner in St. Louis and Alton for nine months; then released and 
came home; then enlisted in company E, Capt. Garrett, 1st Missouri cav- 
alry. Col. Shelby, afterwards Gordon. 

CHARLES ^E. EVERSMAN, P. O., Little Rock, son of Lewis 
and Annie Eversman, was born in Warren county, Missouri, January 25, 
1828; and came to Saline county in 1854, and has one son and three 
dauo-hters. Mr. Eversman is one of Saline's best farmers, and an admirer 
of fine stock, which he handles to some extent. He feeds stock heavily 
each year. 

JUDGE ROBERT FIELD, Sr., P. O., Little Rock. The subject of 
the following sketch is the son of John and Sarah Field, and was born in 
Albemarle count}^, Virginia, December 14, 1803. In June, 1830, he loaded 
his team at Richmond, Virginia and moved to Missouri. He was married 
in Virginia on the 14th of December, 1829, to Miss Nancy Piper, who 
bore him four sons, and three daughters. On the 16th of June, 1844, his 
wife died, and in December, 1846, he was married again to Miss Fannie 
H. Combs, and by this marriage he has one daughter. His second wife 
died May 13, 1869, and he married the third time, on the 14th day of 
September, 1871, to Mrs. Catherine Morrison. Judge Field is one of the 
old settlers and one of the solid farmers of Saline county. He served the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 629 

count}' as sheriff for two terms, 1S40 to IS-t-t, and was judge of the county 
court foury ears. 

WILLIAM H. THOMPSON, P. O., Little Rock. Son of Thomas 
G. and Mary Thompson; was born in Robertson county, Tennessee, June 
14, IStiS. When about two years old, his parents came to Missouri, and 
settled in Saline county, in 1830; he has lived in this county ever since. 
On the 27th of March, 1850, he married Miss Annie Johnson, and has 
seven children living, three sons and four daughters. During the war he 
served in the Seventy-first regiment, E. M. M., in Capt. Burnsides' com- 
pany, and afterwards in the Fifth prov. regiment, but was in no engage- 
ments. Mr. Thompson is a practical farmer, industrious and full of energy, 
and has the reputation ot" being a straightforward intelligent gentleman. 

GEORGE G. HARING, P. O., Cambridge. Was born in Saline 
county on the lith of July, 1849, and was married October 19, 1871, to 
Miss Sarah E. Hays, daughter of James and Rebecca Hays, also of this 
county. To this union have been born five children: Joseph R., born 
August 25, 1872; Mary W., born April 2, 1874; Sarah F., born Novem- 
ber 30, 1875; Edward, born January 15, 1877; and James M., born 
March 11, 1879. Mr. Haring's occupation is that of a farmer. He has 
followed tilling the soil, and raising and feeding stock, all his life, and has 
never lived out of this, his native county. 

BENJAMIN F. DUNCAN, P. O., Cambridge. Mr. Duncan was 
born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 4th of December, 1800, where 
he was raised and educated; and moved to Logan count}', Kentucky, in 
1828; thence to Howard county, Missouri, in 1837; and finally to this 
county, and first settled in the Big bottom, opposite Glasgow; but on 
account of the overflow of the bottom lands, was obhged to move out to 
the high lands. In 1844, he moved to Lafayette county, where he con- 
tinued until 1849, and then returned to Saline. On the 22d of January, 
1828, he was united by marriage to Miss Sarah A. Shields Pendleton, of 
Warrington, Virginia, and has five children, four sons and one daughter. 
He has also eighteen grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. Mr. 
Duncan, though now in his eighty-second year, is in the enjoyment of his 
faculties, and has excellent health. He is living on his farm at the present 
time, giving his whole attention to agriculture. Surrounded by his chil- 
dren, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, the evening of his days is 
passing calmly and peacefully away. 

GEORGE W. BAKER, P. O., Slater. Mr. Baker was born March 
15, 1815, in Clark county, Kentucky, and is a son of George and Martha 
A. Baker, who went from Virginia to Kentucky. Mr. Baker spent his 
early life on the farm and at school. He was educated at Sylvan Acad- 
emy, Kentucky. He came to Missouri in 1839, and settled in Cooper 
county, where he was engaged in farming until 1855, when he moved to 



630 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Saline countv. He now lives four and a half miles south of Slater, where 
he has a fine body of land. Mr. Baker was married May 1, 1836, to Miss 
Harriet P. Allen, of Kentucky. They have seven children: James A., 
Mrs. Mary E. Dajiiel, Eliza G., Mrs. Martha R. Dickinson, Mrs. Susan 
B. Baker, George W., and Thomas J. Mr. Baker has always been an 
active, public-spirited citizen. He and family are members of the Chris- 
tian church. 

JOSEPH NEWTON CHISWELL, P. O., Slater. Was born 
August 4, 1827, in Montgomer^^ county, Maryland, and is a son of Augus- 
tus and Jemima Eleanor Chiswell, of the same county and state. He 
helped on the farm, attending school in the winter, until his father died, 
when he was thirteen years old, and he then assisted his mother in manag- 
ing the farm. He went to Loudon county, Virginia, and learned the trade 
of blacksmithing, remaining three years — then returned to Maryland for 
five years. In 1849 he came to Marion county, Missouri, and spent one 
year in blacksmithing. Returned to Maryland, and during his stay the 
old homestead was sold, and he then came to Saline count}'^, in 1856, and 
worked at his trade, near the farm he now lives on. In 1859 he bought 
200 acres of raw prairie, and forty acres of timber on Fish creek, and 
commenced improving, by degrees. His first dwelling house was acci- 
dentally burnt. He rebuilt a smaller house, and in 1871 he made an addi- 
tion to it— and again in 1880, he enlarged it considerably, building a 
gothic front, as it now stands. 

CAPT. PIKE M. THOMSON, P. O., Slater. Is the son of Capt. 
John and Ann Thomson, and was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, 
August 25, 1819. His grandfather was a revolutionary soldier, and his 
father in Gen. Jackson's army, at the battle of New Orleans, in 1815. His 
maternal grandfather v.as a revolutionary soldier, and was with Daniel 
Boone at the battle of Brj^ant's Station, Kentucky. Soon after his birth, 
Capt. Pike Thomson was brought by his parents to Saline county, Mis- 
souri, where they settled in 1819. His father died, and his mother returned 
to Kentucky, where she is now living, at the age of eighty-three. In 
1839 he came back to Missouri and settled on Foster's Prairie, Howard 
county. He sold his farm in 1844, and returned to Kentucky. Octo- 
ber 15, 1843, he married Miss Elizabeth E. Goodwin, daughter of Floyd 
K. and Mary J. Goodwin, of Fayette county, Kentucky. March 8, 1849, 
he returned to this county, and purchased of W. B. Shackelford, the farm 
he now lives on, which he increased to 1,700 acres, by additional purchases. 
He has children living: John W., Floyd G., Eucien M., Pike M., Ruth 
Elizabeth, and Laura. Capt. Thomson enlisted in the Missouri state guard 
upon Gen. Jackson's call for men, on Col. Dill's staff. Parsons' division ; 
was in the battles of Dry Wood and Lexington. At Green, was sent back 
for stores, and captured at home. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. (331 

JOSEPH SMITH, P. O., Slater. Son of Joseph and Mary Smith, 
was born June 17, 1814, in Morgan county, Virginia. His father and 
mother were both natives of Virginia. He remained until he was nine- 
teen years old on his father's farm. In the spring of 183S he moved to 
Fayette countv, Ohio, remained there several years, and then returned to 
Virginia. In 18-12 he married Miss Elizabeth Compton, daughter of 
Jonathan and Mar}^ Compton, of Virginia. In 1844 he moved to this 
county, and settled first near High Hill. In 1846 he purchased the farm 
he now lives on, to which he has added by subsequent purchases, until it 
now amounts to ninety-four acres of land. Mr. Smith has five children, 
three sons and two daughters. Two of his sons died in early manhood, 
and also one of his daughters, dying after she was married. The other 
daughter is married, and living, with two children. Mr. Smith has made 
his property by industry and economy. He is a member of the C. P. 
Church. 

WILLIAM BIBB SOBER, P. O., Orearville. Son of James and 
Elizabeth Soper. His grandfather came from Germany; his father was 
born in Maryland, and went to Jessamine count}^, Kentucky, when a boy, 
with his parents, in 1800. His mother also was born in Jessamine county, 
Kentucky. His mother died in 1873, while at Mrs. Jeti'. Allen's, in this 
county. The subject of this sketch came to this county in December, 
18B0, in company with his brother-in-law, Jefl'. Allen, and in partnership 
with him rented the Duggins farm. In 1867 they bought the farm of 400 
acres on which they now live, and which formerly belonged to Willis Piper. 
Mr. Soper makes his home with his brother-in-law, Jeff. Allen, being him- 
self unmarried, as yet! In 1861 he enlisted in Capt. George Bingham's 
company, company H, 71st regiment E. M. M., and served three years. 
Surrendered at Glasgow in 1864, under Chester Harding, to Gen. Shel- 
by's command. 

"^THOMAS JEFFERSON ALLEN, P. O., Orearville. Was born 
in Jessamine county, Kentucky, November 19, 1831, where he was raised 
on his father's farm. His father was a brickmason in early life, but quit 
the trade and went to farming. His father was George W., and his 
mother Eliza C. Allen, and they both died in this count}-. Mr. Allen 
learned the blacksmith's trade, and worked at it six or seven y.ears before 
he left Kentucky. In December, 1860, he came to Saline county, Mis- 
souri, and settled on land of Lewis Duggins, eight miles east of Marshall, 
and in 1863 moved to the farm afterward purchased by J. Long, five 
miles south of Miami. In 1867, he bought the old Willis Piper farm, on 
which he now lives. In 1853, Mr. Allen married Miss Nancv Agnes 
Soper, daughter of James and Elizabeth Soper, who was born in Jessa- 
mine county, Kentuck}^ in September, 1831. They have four children: 
Alice L., William F., James E. and Bettie S., all living. Mr. Allen has a 



632 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

half interest in about 400 acres of as fine wheat and grass land as there 
is in the county. The parents of Mrs. Allen were natives of Kentucky. 
Mr. and Mrs. Allen are both members of the Christian Church. 

DR. CHARLES ALEXANDER CARTHRAE, P. O., Orearville. 
Dr. Carthrae is the son of Charles W. and Elizabeth Carthrae, and was 
born October 7, 1829, in Rockingham county, Virginia. He was mostly 
educated in Saline county, Missouri, to which he came when quite young, 
with his parents. He studied medicine with Dr. F. A. Combs, then of 
this county, now of California, and attended the Missouri Medical College, 
St. Louis, where he graduated in two years, and entered into partnership 
in the practice with his brother-in-law, tutor, and friend, Dr. F. A. Combs, 
which partnership continued about six years. Dr. Combs, who went to 
California in 1877, practiced medicine in this county for nearl}- thirty 
years, from 1848 to 1877. 

JESSE OREAR, P. O., Orearville. Was born in Mt. Sterling, Mont- 
gomery county, Kentucky, January 9, 1827, and is the son of Ross and 
Melinda Orear. He was educated at the country schools, commenced 
merchandising earl}' in life, and the greater part of his life has been 
devoted to it since. He has accumulated a handsome property up to this 
time, having a splendid farm of 376 acres, well improved. His fortune is 
due to his own unaided efibrts, accumulated by close attention to his busi- 
ness, steady, moral habits, and his career should furnish an example, 
and an encouragement to the young men of Saline county. 

DEWILTON POPE MING, P. O., Orearville. Son of Charles 
Anthony and Nancy Ming, of Calloway county, Missouri. Was born 
March 26, 1835, in Greene county, Kentucky. His father was a native 
of Virginia, and his mother of Kentuck}-. Her maiden name was 
Lewis, and she has raised fourteen children, six boys and eight girls. 
Soon after the birth of D. P. Ming, the subject of this sketch, his parents 
moved to Callaway county, Missouri, wliere he was raised on his father's 
farm. In 1866 he came to this county, and settled near his present resi- 
dence, three miles south of where the city of Slater now stands. In 1871 
he was married to Mrs. Mary Piper, widow of Willis Piper, and daugh- 
ter of Charles W. and Elizabeth Carthrae. Her father was a native of 
Rockingham county, Virginia, and her mother of Albemarle county, 
Virginia. They moved to Saline county, Missouri, in 1837. Mrs. Ming 
had one son, Charles Eugene Piper, by her former husband. In 1878 
Mr. Ming purchased the farm of Dr. Fielding A. Combs, of 160 acres 
of splendid land. He afterward added fifteen acres, making the farm 
contain 175 acres, situated three miles south of Slater. He devotes his 
attention to the growth of grain, and to stock-feeding. 

PROF. JOSEPH BAKER DAVIS, P. O., Slater. Son of Isaac 
and Rebecca xMary Davis, formerly Baker. Was born March 9, 1848, in 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 633 

Marshall, Saline county, Missouri. His parents were natives of Virginia, 
his father, a merchant by profession. They came to Booneville, Missouri, 
about 1820, and remained there eight to ten years. In 1830, they moved 
to Jonesboro, in this county, and in 1835, to Marshall, where he estab- 
lished the first store. Cornelius Balcer, grandfather of the subject of this 
sketch, was the first justice of the peace in Marshall. His father died 
soon after the birth of his son, in 1849. Prof. J. B. Davis was educated 
at Central College, Fayette, Missouri, graduating in 1869. He then 
entered the State University, and graduated there in 1873. He after- 
wards studied medicin^ and attended lectures at the St. Louis Medical 
College. Since then he has been occupied in teaching. He has taken 
great interest in the success of the teachers of the county; and at the 
last meeting of the institute, he was elected editor of the educational 
department of the Saline County Progi'ess. 

JOHN WILLIAM THOMSON, P. O., Slater. Son of Capt. Pike 
M. Thomson and Elizabeth E. Thomson, his wife. Was born in Fay- 
ette county, Kentucky, January 21, 18-4.5. When he was but three years 
old, his parents moved to Missouri, and settled in this county. He was 
raised and educated in this county, and assisted in managing his father's 
farm, before and for several years after the war. In 1864, he entered the 
Confederate army, during Price's last raid, in company G, Williams' regi- 
ment, Jackman's brigade, and was in the battles of Big Blue, Westport, 
Newtonia and Fayetteville. He was married October 15, 1869, to Julia 
Franklin, daughter of A. S. Graves and Augusta J., his wife, of Wash- 
ington county; children: Emmett, Claude, Emma, Lillian and an infant. 
Mr. Thomson is an energetic, enterprising man; a grain grower and 
stock feeder, and a lover of fine stock and pedigreed animals. 

JUDGE EBENEZER WALDON JENKINS, P. O., Slater. Son 
of William and Mary Jenkins. Was born in Brooklyn, New York, 
November 19, 1827. When he was but eight 3'ears of age, his parents 
moved to the Genessee Valley, Wyoming county. New York, and 
engaged in far.ming. He was educated in Wyoming count}-, at Middle- 
bury Academy. At the age of eighteen, he commenced teaching, and 
continued attending school until he was twenty-two. In 1852, he came to 
Saline county, and taught two years in the Walnut Grove school-house? 
four miles west of Arrow Rock, on the old state road. In 1854, he was 
married to Miss Louisa S. McMahan, daughter of Thomas and Margaret 
McMahan. In 1857, he moved to Howard county. In 1859, moved to 
St. Louis, and commenced studying law. In 1861, he returned to this 
county; and in 1862, located in Marshall for the practice of law, which he 
continued from 1862 to 1873. In 1862, he was made county attorney, 
which office he held from 1862 to 1867. From 1870 to 1872, he was pro- 
bate judge of Saline county. In 1873, he bought of Pike Thomson the 



\ 



634 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

farm upon which he now hves, to which he has since added, until he has 
now 320 acres of splendid land. The judge's children are as follows: 
Ella, Jennie, Alice, Lillie, and Kate. 

JAMES BURTON BROWN, farmer, P. O., Arrow Rock. Mr. J. 
B. Brown was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, August 16, 1817. He 
was but seven years old when his parents moved to Mead county, Ken- 
tucky, where he lived about five years, and then moved to Saline county, 
Missouri, and settled on the E. W. Brown farm. The subject of this 
sketch was mostly educated in Saline count}-. In 1S37 he was married to 
ISliss Eliza R. Durrett, daughter of Capt. Wm. Durrett, a native of Wil- 
son county, Virginia. Mr. Brown had twelve children, eleven of whom 
are now living. He is at present living upon and cultivating his farm, a 
splendid one of 400 acres, well improved. When the war broke out he 
enlisted in Price's army, in 1862, and was discharged in 1865. Was in 
the battles of Lexington and Pea Ridge, and was wounded in the thigh. 
He was taken with typhoid fever, and was hauled home from Ozark. He 
is a son of Judge Bernis Brown, who was one of the prominent men of 
the county. 

WM. B. BROWN, farmer, P. O., Orearville. Was born in Saline 
county, November 12, 1840, and was raised and educated in Saline count}-, 
and farmed on his father's farm until he went into the army. In 1861 he 
enlisted in the Saline Jackson Guards, and in the Missouri State Guards. 
Was in the battles of Booneville, Carthage, Lexington, Elkhorn town, 
Cave Creek, Huffman's Ferry, Hartsville, Fort Scott, Cane Hill, Cape 
Girardeau, Helena. He was taken prison at Granby, was paroled, and 
came home; staid about a week, and then joined the recruits taken out 
by Congreve Jackson; discharged in 1865; had his shoulder broken by 
being thrown from his horse during the war. Returned home to Saline 
after the war, and was married March 28, 1866, to Miss Mary Miller, 
daughter of Samuel Miller, and a native of Saline county. Has five chil- 
dren : William, Jesse, James, Mary, and Etta. He is a son of James and 
a grandson of Bernis Brown. 

G. W. COWAN, farmer, P. O., Slater. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, October 24, 1822. At the age 
of twelve, in 1836, he came with his mother and the rest of the family to 
Saline countv, Missouri, in wagons, and settled on the farm then owned 
by Daniel Thornton. After coming to Saline, he learned the carpenter 
trade from Howard Cameron, and followed it for about ten years, and 
then went to farming. In 1847 he was married to Miss Mary Thornton, 
daughter of Daniel Thornton, one of the first settlers of Saline county,. 
She was born in 1830, in Saline county. They have had nine children, 
and have seven now living: Daniel, Robert, William, Howard, Mrs. F. 
R. Wiley, Nancy E., and Mary A. Since 1857 he has lived on a farm. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 635 

four miles west of Saline City. In 1S64 he enlisted in the Confederate 
army, in Price's last raid, and was at the Big Blue fight, and in the fights 
of the retreat. 

ISAAC THORNTON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in East Ten- 
nessee, Januar)' 2H, 1S1(>, in the spring of which year his parents moved 
to Saline count}-, Missouri, tlis father being in very moderate circum- 
stances, Isaac did not go to school much, but worked on the farm. He 
remained with his father until his marriage. His father, Daniel Thorn- 
ton, came to Saline county by water, on a keel-boat worked by oars. 
There were four men, two women and four children in the boat. The 
children were John, Susan, Rebecca and Isaac Thornton. They landed 
at Cooper's fort, in Howard county, where they remained a couple of 
weeks, and then pulled on up the river and landed in Saline, one mile and 
a half above Arrow Rock, and settled in the timber, two miles from 
the river, on the farm now owned by John Thornton. They first lived in 
a single room log cabin, and had to endure many hardships. Until Isaac 
was growm he did not know^ w^hat it w^as to go to a store to buy clothes. 
On the 2d of February, 1837, Mr. Thornton was married to Miss Rebecca 
Chapell, daughter of E. Chapell, a native of North Carolina. They have 
had eight children, six of whom are living, five bovs and one girl: James 
H., D. B., A. J., E. E., William H. and Mary Frances. In 185S he moved 
to Saline City and commenced running a grist and saw mill, which now 
has an engine of forty-horse power, that only requires sixty pounds of 
steam to run the whole machinery. In 1838 he moved up to Buchanan 
county and set up a mill about six miles east of St. Joe, and staid there 
until 1855. He then sold his mill and returned to Saline, and put up a 
mill three miles west of Saline Cit}-, and in 1858 moved to Saline City, as 
related. His father, Daniel Thornton, died in 1855, and was buried at 
Concord Church. His wife died in 1874 and was buried at the same 
place. 

JOHN M. JACKSON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Howard 
county, Missouri, four miles east of Glasgow, October 1, 1828, where he 
lived with his father until 1844, getting his early education in a log cabin, 
Wm. Burton, teacher. In 1844, he came over to Saline county, and 
settled on what is now known as the Jeff Howard farm, close to Saline 
City, and went to clearing land, his father having bought the land from 
Ephraim McClain, and in 1845 his father also moved over from Howard 
to this farm. He remained on the farm with his father until 1861. In 1850, 
his father (Thomas Jackson) went to California, where he remained three 
years. Two years before he had gone to New INIexico, prospecting, and 
about the same time (1848) Johnson Jackson, his brother, and uncle of the 
subject of this sketch, was killed in New Mexico, for his money, by Simms 
and Constable. Constable turned state's evidence and Simms was hung. 



636 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Constable was afterwards killed. In 1861, John Jackson enlisted in the 
state guard, and then in the Confederate army, and was in the following 
battles: Booneville, Lexington, Wilson Creek, Huffman's Ferry, New- 
tonia, Hartville, Cane Hill, Cape Girardeau, Lone Jack, Big and Little 
Blue, Little Rock, Prairie Grove, &c. His rank was corporal bugler of 
Capt. Tilton's battery. At the battle of Prairie Grove, he captured a 
bugle from the enemy, which he has yet. It has a dint on one side which 
was made by a minnie ball while he had it at his mouth in the act of 
blowing. After the war (discharged 1865), he came home and went to 
work on the farm where he has been ever since. Has never married. 

WILLIAM P. LEE, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. W. P. Lee was born in 
Albemarle county, Virginia, October 12, 1833, where he received his early 
education, and lived until about thirty years of age. At the age of 
twelve years, he entered the store of his uncle Walter Perry, in Charlotts- 
ville, as salesman, then went in the dry goods and grocery business at the 
same place. In 1865 he left Charlottsville, to travel for the Fairbanks 
company, and remained on the road about fourteen years. Previous to 
this however, he had traveled through Missouri soliciting risks for a St. 
Louis insurance company, in which he continued for about three years. 
In October 1879, he settled in Saline City, in this county, where he has 
since resided, engaged in the mercantile business, and is one of the promi- 
nent merchants of that thriving little city. Mr. Lee is a first-class busi- 
ness man, and has a fair future before him. 

A. J. THORNTON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Saline county, 
in 1833 on the Daniel Thornton farm, where Mr. A. Price now lives. 
He went to school and farmed, until he was twenty-eight years old. He 
then went to blacksmithing on the home farm, having learned the trade 
mostly by himself. He worked there until 1876, when he moved to 
Saline City and there followed his trade. Mr. Thornton was married in 
1860 to Miss Sarah J. Wiley of this county, a daughter of N. Wiley, and 
a native of North Carolina. Their family consists of two boys and six 
girls: Henry, Charle}-, Mary B., Susan A., Alice, Clara L., Rebecca E. 
and Sallie B. October 16, 186i, he enlisted in the confederate army as it 
passed through Saline county, on Price's last raid. He was a private on 
detached service, and was discharged in the spring of 1865. He is the 
youngest son of Daniel Thornton, one of the oldest settlers of Saline 
county. In July, 1865, while going on a steamboat from Shreveport to 
Baton Rouge, with 250 soldiers, when about fifteen miles below Shreve- 
port on Red River, the boat struck a snag and sank and broke in two. 
Quite a number were thrown into the river, and about sixt}' were 
drowned. Mr. Thornton escaped by swimming. Coming home on the 
steamer Henry Ames, when just above Vicksburg, Mr. Thornton was 
standing on the hurricane deck, and noticed that the boat was on fire in 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 637 

the pilot house. By prompt alarm and action, the fire was extinguished 
and the boat was saved. 

JOHN D. THOMASON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Scott 
county, Kentucky, Nov. 15, 1847, where he was reared and received his 
education. After quitting school he taught school and worked in a saw- 
mill. February 11*, 1868, he was married to Miss Bettie Thomason, 
daughter of Granville Thomason, and in the fall of that same year he 
moved to Saline county, and settled on the old Howard farm, west of 
Saline City, and went to farming. Two years after he moved to 
a farm northwest of Arrow Rock, but remained there only a year. He 
then removed to Saline City, and taught school for several years. He 
then went into the drug business, his being the first drug store estab- 
lished in Saline City. Two years after he sold out his stock of drugs to 
W. A. Morehead, and purchased the dry goods and grocery business of 
W. H. Ballard, and has been in this business ever since. In 1880 he took 
Mr. J. A. Howard in as partner, and under the firm name of Thomason 
& Howard, compose one of the principal business firms of Saline City. 
Mr. Thomason has four children, all boys, viz: Clarence, Irvine, Luther, 
and Claude. He is licensed as a Baptist preacher, and preaches at Saline 
City, and at the Fish Creek Church, twice per month at each. He 
joined the Baptist Church when but sixteen years of age. Messrs. 
Thomason & Howard have a commodious warehouse and an excellent 
boat landing. They handle the Saline City lime, and are agents for the 
same for central Missouri. This lime is of the best quality, and has no 
superior. The company manufacture their own barrels, and their busi- 
ness is immense. In 1880 they shipped 4,800 barrels, and didn't have 
enough to supply the demand. 

CHARLES W. HENSICK, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in St. 
Charles county, Missouri, May 17, 1848. His father (Casper Hensick) 
and mother emigrated from Germany to the United States, and settled in 
St. Charles county, Missouri. Mr. Hensick lived in St. Charles county 
until he was sixteen years old, obtaining there his education. At the age 
of sixteen, he left St. Charles, and went over to St. Louis county, and 
worked for his brother Ernest about one year, farming. He then 
returned to St. Charles county, and worked in a liver}^ stable in Wents- 
ville for over two years, and then came to Saline county in the year 1870. 
Since then he has lived in and near the town of Saline City. In 1872, he 
was married to Miss Amanda Jackson, daughter of Thomas Jackson, a 
native of this county. Mr. Hensick then commenced farming, on the 
farm upon which he now lives, adjoining Saline City, having purchased a 
portion of Thomas Jackson's farm. He has one child, a girl, Georgia 
Belle. Mr. Hensick is a fair example of the success which ever attends 
industry and steady habits. 



638 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

GEORGE F. PEARSON, P. O., Little Rock. The subject of the 
present sketch was born, two miles west of Arrow Rock, Februar}- 6, 
1846. His father, O. B. Pearson, was born in Spartanburcr, South Car- 
olina, and came to SaMne county, Missouri, in 1830, landing at Arrow 
Rock. He was a merchant and pork packer, bein^, at one time, in part- 
nership with Gov. C. F. Jackson, in the latter business. He lived in the 
town of Arrow Rock about ten years, and put up the first mercantile 
house built there. He then moved to his farm, two miles west of Arrow 
Rock, where he died May 10, 1871, and was buried in the Arrow Rock 
cemetery. He was first married to Miss Marv Wright, sister of Com. 
Wright, and they had seven children. His first wife died in 181.5. After- 
w^ards he married Miss Eliza Ealback, a native of North Carolina, and 
to this union five children were born, four boys: George, Richard, Henrv 
and William, and one girl, Roxy. At the age of fourteen, he enlisted in 
the army, and fought in the war of 1812. Mr. George F. Pearson 
obtained his education in Saline county, and farmed on his father's farm, 
mostly, until he was married. In 1865, he went to Adams county, Illi- 
nois, and remained a short time, but soon returned home. He was mar- 
ried January 25, 1877, to Miss Mary E. Eversman. They have had 
but one child, a girl, who died January 5, 1881, and was buried in 
the Arrow^ Rock cemetery. He is now engaged in farming near Saline 
City, and is the owner of the noted lime works, one mile north of that 
town. 

EPHRAIM S. McCLAIN, pioneer; P. O., Little Rock. Mr. E. S. 
McClain was born in Madison county, Kentucky, April 1, 1800. At the 
age of eleven he came wath his parents to Howard county, Missouri, and 
settled near w^hat is now^ known as New Frankfort, and lived in Howard 
county until 1827. In 1819 he went to farming for himself, and in 1827 
mo\'ed over into Saline county. He first settled on what is now known as 
the Jefl' Howard farm, adjoining Saline City, w^hich he entered, and upon 
which there was a spring, called "the Big Indian Spring." April 18, 1821, he 
married Miss SaUie Cooper, daughter of Colonel Ben. Cooper, also a 
native of Madison county, Kentucky. He lived on the farm he entered 
until 1841. Six children were born to him, three boys, David, Elijah and 
Benjamin, the last now dead; and three girls, Mrs. Leanna Nefi', Anna 
and Matilda. David McClain, the father of Ephraim, was a native of 
South Carolina, and moved to Kentucky at a very early day, and married 
Miss Leanna Oldham, of Kentucky. There were in his family ten child- 
ren — six boys and four girls. Ephraim was the fourth son. In the early 
times, Billy Cooper, James Sappington, S. Cooper and Colonel Cooper 
and Ephraim McClain were close neighbors. There were plenty of 
Indians in this county then, when he lived in Howard county, and they 
gave the settlers much trouble. He once attended a w^ar dance at the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 639 

place where the town of old Franklin was built. When he came to Saline 
county the Indian troubles had ceased. In 1820 the settlers got their meal 
and flour from a mill run by a tramp wheel located at the edge of the Glas- 
gow bottom. Mr. McClain's wife and daughters spun and wove flax 
and cloth, and made their own carpets. In 1814 his brother William was 
killed by the Indians. He was out with his brother, Ewing, and William 
Brown, hunting, where Fa3'ette now stands. The Indians hearing the 
reports of their guns, waylaid them and shot William McClain. They 
shot at the others, but missed them. They skinned William McClain's 
head, and cut his head off; split open his breast and took out his heart. 
The body was found the next day and buried, but the heart could not be 
found. Mrs. McClain died in 1873 and was buried in the Sappington 
graveyard, one mile southwest of Saline City. Mr. Ephraim McClain is 
now living in Saline City with his son. E. S. McClain, the second son of 
Ephraim, was born in Saline county, May 26, 1830. He was married to 
Miss Sallie Steele, February 22, 1859. They have had six children, three 
of whom are living, all girls. 

CHARLES EDWARD WOOD, P. .O., Little Rock. Was born 
July 3, 1850, in Saline county, where he was raised and received his edu- 
cation, finishing the same at Milton's academy-. Arrow Rock. His 
father, Milton Wood, was born in Albemarle county, Virginia. He came 
to Saline at an early date, settling near Jonesboro. He was married to a 
sister of Judge Robert Field. His family consisted of thirteen children, 
eight boys and five girls: Wm., John, Ras, James, Joseph, Thomas, 
Robert, and Charles; Paulina, Sarah, Anna, Lucy, and one now deceased. 
The boys are all living; the girls living are, Mrs. Sarah Huston, Mrs. 
Anna Minor, and Mrs. Lucy Mitchell. Mr. Wood died about 1855, and 
was buried about two and one-half miles southwest of Jonesboro. 
Charles E. Wood, the youngest son, spent most of his life on his father's 
farm, until the fall of 1864, when he enhsted in Col. Robert Wood's regi- 
ment, Clark's brigade, Marmaduke's division, C. S. A., and was dis- 
charged in 1865. He was engaged in the battles of Little and Big Blue, 
Independence, Westport, and in all the long days of fighting from West- 
port to Fort Scott, Lanesville, &c. Rank, sergeant major. On the 
retreat to Texas they were sometimes for days without other food than 
the acorns. At one time Mr. Wood went to Gen. Price's headquarters 
and got some beans, the General remarking that beans was the best he 
had. When he enlisted he weighed one hundred pounds, and weighed 
just seventy-five pounds when he reached Clarksville, Texas. He was 
taken sick with camp fever, at Myrtle Spring, Texas, and was down for 
five weeks. As soon as he could travel, he went to Washington, Ark., 
where his brother Robert was held as a prisoner, and remained until his 
brother was released. When the war ended, he came back to Arrow 



640 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Rock, and went into the drug business, in which he continued about four 
years. He then went into the grocery business, continuing it three years. 
In May, 1S71, he was married to Miss Columbia Gregory, of St. Louis. 
In 1876, he lived one year on his father's place, and then moved to the 
farm upon which he now lives, one mile west of Saline City. Mr. 
Wood was the youngest soldier in the Confederate army, (he thinks), 
from Saline county. He was census enumerator, in 1880, for Clay town- 
ship. 

JOHN J. G. BURTON, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Dyer 
count}', Kentucky, in 1812, where he grew up and was educated. His 
father, Hutchins Burton, was a native "of Virginia. Married Miss 
Elizabeth Stepp of Virginia, and came to Kentucky at an early day, and 
settled in Dyer county. There were nine children, five boys and four 
girls. The subject of the present sketch was the third son, and when 
about seven years of age, his father moved to Missouri and settled in How- 
ard county. He lived with his father until he grew to manhood, and then 
purchased a farm of his own in Howard county, east of Saline City, in the 
river bottom, where he lived and farmed until he came over to Saline 
county. He was first married to Miss Mahalie Finley, March 27, 1831:, a 
native of Tennessee. They had six children, four sons and two daughters. 
The first Mrs. Burton died in 1851, and was buried at the gravevard near 
Lisbon school house, Howard county. October 6, 1852, Mr. Burton was 
married to Miss Caroline West, by whom he has five children, three sons 
and two daughters. Thirty-five years ago he joined the Christian Church 
in Howard county. The names of his children are (by first wife): Mil- 
ton H., Marion F., Harrison, Riley, Lavinia and Adaline. By the second 
union: Joel H., Thomas J., Nicholas, Sarah E., and Clementine. He is 
now engaged farming fifteen miles east of Marshall. 

AARON STARNS, P. O ., Little Rock. Was born in Howard county, 
Missouri, August 6, 1844. While he was yet an infant his father moved 
to Lafayette county, and remained there about two years, then 
to Putnan county, then to Linn, county, and then back to 
Howard county, where his son received his education. His first 
schooling was in Linneus, Linn county. In 1860 his father's family 
moved to Prairie county^, Arkansas, and remained there until the 
fall of 1861. They then moved to Carroll county, and stayed until 
the spring of 1862, and then returned to Camden, Missouri, where Aaron 
Starns enlisted in the United States army. His father was a native of 
Howard county, Missouri, married Sarah Stanley, and had nine children, 
six of whom are still living: Aaron, Daniel, Thomas, Amanda, Margaret, 
and Mary. In December, 1862, he died at Cape Girardeau, and was 
buried there ; his wife died in 1879. In 1862 Aaron re-enlisted in the 29th 
Missouri infantry, was discharged in 1865, at Indianapolis. Was not in 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 641 

an}' battles. In istjs he was married to Miss Martha J. Highber^er, a 
native of Scotland covmty, Missouri, by whom he has six children, four 
boys and two girls: William, John, James and Walter, Ivy and Mary. 
Mr. Starns is now engaged in farming fifteen miles east of Marshall. 

JOHN FISHER, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Fisher was born in St. 
Louis, June 14, 1S53. When he was only three years old, his father, 
Lewis Fisher, moved to Montgomery county, Missouri. His father was 
a native of Germany, came to St. Louis, and then married Catherine 
Flintrope, also a native of Germany. They had thr::'e children, all boys, 
William, Lewis, and John. In 1862 Lewis Fisher, Sr., died and was 
buried in Montgomery county, and his wife in 1868, and was buried in the 
same place. John Fisher obtained his education in Montgomery county, 
and after he was grown, worked several years in a vineyard in Montgom- 
ery county. After that he hired as a farm hand to Dr. Marrick ; worked 
also in Franklin county. In 1877 he was married to Mary Burbom. 
They have two children, both girls, Louisa and Henrietta. In 1879 he 
came to Saline county and settled on a farm, which he now owns, situated 
two and one-half miles west of Saline Cit}- . 

RUFUS BIGELOW, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in St. Charles 
county, Missouri, May 27, 1824. His father, Moses Bigelow, was born in 
Shenandoah county, Pennsylvania, in 1796. In 1820 he moved to St. 
Charles county, Missouri, and in the same year was married to Miss Per- 
thana Bryant, a native of Kentucky. They had seven children, three 
boys and four girls: James, Rufus, Abner, Russia, Phoebe, Agnes, and 
Perthana, the last two d3'ing when quite young. He died and was buried 
in St. Charles county, in 1863; also his widow in 1873. Rufus, the second 
son, was raised and educated in St. Charles county. At the age of twenty-two 
he was elected justice of the peace for one of the townships of St. Charles 
county, and served eight years. At the age of twenty-three he was mar- 
ried to Henrietta E. Eversman. In 1856 he was elected assessor of St. 
Charles county, served one year, and then, 1857, he moved to Saline 
county, and located where Saline Cit\- now stands. He cleared off the 
site in 1857, part of the land belonging to heirs, for whom he was executor; 
but there being no power in the will authorizing him to lay off and sell 
town lots, he went to Jefferson City during the session of the legislature 
in the winter of 1857-8, and obtained the passage of a law authorizing 
him as executor to lay out one-half of the town of Saline City, and sell 
the lots, by giving additional bond. Col. Allen, then county surveyor, 
laid out the town. The site of the town, when he moved there, was 
covered with hazel brush, and a tall growth of black oak. The number 
of bears killed there had given it the name of Bear thicket. He lived 
there until 1870, selling dry goods and groceries. In that year he moved 
41 



642 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

to the farm on which he now hves, one and one-half miles west of town. 
He has nine children, five boys and four girls: Granville A., Jonathan 
B., Edward C, James R., Rudolph A., Alice E., Martha C, Addie E., 
and Lena D. Has a fine farm of 170 acres, and pays attention to fine 
stock; has the Glendower breed of horses, and short-horn cows. 

ZACH ARIAH W. ROWLAND, P. O., Little Rock. Mr. Rowland 
was born near Winchester, Clark county, Kentucky, April 22, 1S13, 
where he obtained his early education. His father, William Rowland, 
came to Clark couniy, Kentucky, at an early day, and was mar- 
ried there to Mrs. Nancy Ronimas, widow of Frank Ronimas. 
They had but one child, Zachariah W. Rowland. While he was 
still an infant, his father enHsted in the United States army, 
war of 1812, and died in the army. His mother afterward married 
Archibald Morton, and Z. W. Rowland lived with his mother and her 
third husband until he reached the age of fifteen years, when he hired 
out on a farm. At sixteen years old he came to Missouri, in 1830, and 
settled in Randolph county for one year, then went to Macon county and 
lived there until 1871. On the 29th of November, 1839, he was married 
to Miss Elizabeth Rowland, a daughter of Thomas Rowland, and also a 
native of Clark county, Kentucky. They had nine children, six of whom 
are now living: W. F., Thomas L., Presley, Mary Eliza, Louisa F., and 
Luvisa. In 1S71, he went to Pettis county, Missouri, and about fifteen 
months after came to Saline county, and settled on the farm where he 
now resides, nearly two miles west of Saline City. In 1864 he enlisted 
in Col. Perkins' command, and was discharged in 1865. Was in the bat- 
tles of Big Blue and near Ft. Scott. 

JOHN FRITZ TECKEMEYER, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in 
Austria, September 15, 1843. His father, Christopher Teckemeyer, was 
a native of Austria, and married Mary Deiker, by whom he had seven 
children, three now living: John F., Louis E. and Mrs. Eliza Archmane. 
They came to the United States about 1846, and settled in St. Charles 
county, Missouri. He died and was buried in St. Charles county, in 1866, 
as also his wife in 1875. The subject of this sketch got his education at 
the common schools of St. Charles county, worked with his father, and 
hired out until he was twenty-three years of age. He then went to farm- 
ino-, having lost his father. He was married, December 5, 1867, to Miss 
JuHa Peuster, daughter of Wm. Peuster, a native of Prussia. They have 
two children, one boy. Andrew W., and one girl, Margaret D. In 1877 
he moved to Saline county, and settled on Henry Hensick's farm, and in 
the following November moved to the farm on which he now lives, four 
miles northwest of Arrow Rock. In 1861 he enlisted in the home guard, 
under Col. Krekle. 

CATLETT OREAR, P. O., Orear\ille. Mr. Orear was born at Fred- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 643 

erick county, Virginia, November 15, 1806. When quite young he came 
with his parents to Clark county, Kentucky, and then to Montgomery 
county, where he was raised and educated. His father, Robert Orear, 
was a native of Fauquier county, V^irginia, was born in 1783; was married 
to Malinda Orear, also of Fauquier county, Virginia. They had eight 
children, seven of whom are still living: Catlett, B. F., George H., John 
W., Nelson, Jesse, and Mrs. Elizabeth Gorrell. He died about 1871, and 
was buried at Orearville. His wife died many years before him, in 1828, 
and was buried in Montgomery county, Kentucky. He married again. 
Miss Sallie Cork, a native of Kentucky; they had one child, now dead. 
In 1854, Robert Orear moved to Saline county, Missouri, and settled near 
Orearville, where he lived until he died. Catlett Orear came to Saline 
county in 1843, and settled on the place he now liv^es on, about eight 
miles east of Marshall. In 1839, he was married, in Nicholas county, 
Kentucky, to Sarah R. Caldwell, a native of that county. They have 
had three children, two of whom are now living, both boys: Dr. W. C, 
and Judge Bellvard J. His farm contains 200 acres, 120 acres in cultiva- 
tion. Is a member of the Methodist Church South, and has been twenty 
or thirty years. 

JUDGE BELLVARD J. OREAR, P. O., Orearville. Was born in 
Montgomery county, Kentucky, June 24, 1838. His father, Catlett 
Orear, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, and moved to Kentucky at 
an early date, and while in Kentucky was married to Sarah R. Caldwell. 
They had three children, two of which are living, B. J and Dr. W. C. 
They came to Saline county in 1843, andtirst settled where he now resides, 
about ten miles east of Marshall. Bellvard, the oldest son, was onl}^ six 
years old when his father moved to Saline county, and his education w^as 
obtained at the common schools of this count}-. In 1856, he went to the 
state university" and remained three years, but did not graduate. He then 
taught school three years in Boone and Saline counties, and then went to 
farming, in which pursuit he has been engaged ever since, merchandis- 
ing in Orearville for two _vears, 1872 and 1873. In 1861, he was first mar- 
ried to Miss Maggie H. Brown, of Callaway county. They had three 
children, all living: Annie B., Sallie J., and Celsus. His first wife died 
February 12, 1871, and was buried at Orearville. The second time, he 
married Miss Sarah E. Brooks, of Johnson county, Missouri, June 1, 
1873. They have one child, Lester. The second wife died September 
13, 1875, and was buried at the same place as his first. May 23, 1878, he 
married Miss Mary McMahan, of Johnson county. In November, 1878, 
he was elected judge of the county court, from the first district. In 1865, 
he bought the farm he now lives on, ten miles east of Marshall, and has 
320 acres of splendid land. In the fall of 1863, he enlisted as private in 
the Confederate army, company K, Wood's regiment, Jackman's brigade. 



644 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and was discharged in 1865. Was in the battles of Lexington, Little 
Blue, Westport, Ft. Scott and Newtonia. 

JOSEPH GORRELL, P. O., Orearville. Was born in Berkley 
county, Virginia, July 5, 1814. His father, William Gorrell, was also a 
native of Berkley county, Virginia, ^nd was there married to Nancy Van- 
vector, also a native of Virginia. They had nine children, five of whom 
are now living: Joseph, Antony T., William J., Mar}', and Susan F. In 
1843, he moved with his family to Saline county, and stayed a year; then 
moved to Pettis county. He died about the year 1856, and was buried 
at the Union Church, two and a-half miles south of Longwood. His 
widow died in 1870, and wa^ buried at the same place. Joseph, the eld- 
est son, was educated at the county schools of Berkley county, and stayed 
with his father until he was twenty-two years of age. In 1858 he came 
to Saline county, and settled on the farm on which he now lives — 100 
acres of fine land, ten miles east of Marshall. He was first married in 
1833 to Miss Priscilla Blue, of Berkley county, Virginia. They had 
three children, all living: William, James P., and John P. His first wife 
died in 1848. He afterw-ard married Miss Angeline McGill, who only 
lived sixteen months. He then married Miss Elmira Miller, and they had 
one child, a girl. His third wife died, and he was married the fourth and 
last time to the widow Marshall, daughter of Robert Orear. 

SAMUEL P. ALLEN, P. O., Orearville. The subject of the fol- 
lowing sketch was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, December 4, 
1845. His father, George W. Allen, was a native of Virginia, moved to 
Kentucky when quite young, and was married to Eliza Sale, also a 
native of Virginia. They had twelve children, ten of whom are now 
living, eight boys and two girls: Thomas J., James William, John H., 
Richard M., Hugh G., George W., Jr., Lawrence R., Samuel P., Eliza- 
beth, and Sallie. George W. Allen, with his family, moved to Saline 
countv in Sept&mber, 1859, and settled near where the city of Slater now 
stands, farming. He died in June, 1878, and was buried in the Slater 
cemetery; his wlie died in the preceding April, and was buried at the 
same place. S. P. Allen obtained his early education in Kentucky at the 
country schools, and finished at Arrow Rock, George Miller, teacher. 
He then farmed near Jonesboro for two years. In 1872 he purchased the 
farm on which he now lives, eight and one-half miles from Marshall, con- 
sisting of 182^ aCres of choice land. In October, 1868, he was married 
to Miss Emma Durrett, a native of Saline county, and daughter of Ben- 
jamin Durrett. They have two children, both boys: Earnest V. and 
Arthur. In 1864 he enlisted in the Confederate army under Gen. Shelby, 
as a private, and was discharged in 1865. Was engaged in the battles of 
Lexington, Little and Big Blue, Independence, Westport, Fort Scott, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 645 

Cane Hill, etc. Was sick near Shreveport for two months with typhoid 
fever, taken in February, 1865. 

JOSEPH M. COTT, P. O., Orearville. Was born in Saline county, 
Missouri, December 3, 1844. His father, Solomon Cott, was a native of 
Ohio, and was married to Miss Sarah Fort, a native of Virginia. They 
came to Saline county at an early date, and settled five miles northwest of 
Saline City, on what is now known as the Flemming farm. They had 
twelve children, eleven of which are still living, five boys and six girls: 
Jackson, Amos, Freeman, Harry, Joseph, Catherine, Jane, Mary, Eliza- 
beth, Margaret, and Rhoda. He died November, 1 867, and was buried at 
Fish Creek Church; his widow died in January, 1881, and w'as buried at 
the same place. Joseph M., the subject of the present sketch, received his 
education at the countr}- schools. In 1861, when only seventeen years old, 
he enlisted in the southern army under Gen. Stump Price, who was cap- 
tured, and the command devolved on Congreve Jackson. Discharged in 
1865. Was a private, and w^as engaged in the battles of Pea Ridge, 
Corinth, Grand Gulf, \''icksburg, the Georgia campaign, Franklin, Colum- 
bia, Nashville, Port Gibson, luka. Champion Hill, and Black River. Cap- 
tured at Vicksburg and at Greensborough, North Carolina. After the 
war he returned to Saline, and to farming. In 1875, he purchased the 
farm he now lives on, of 115 acres of first-class land. In 1866 he w^as 
married to Jennetta Brown, a native of Saline county and a daughter of 
Benjamin Brown. They have four children, three boys and one girl: 
Eugene, Amma, Tasso, and Cora. 

JOHN R. DURRETT, P. O., Orearville. Mr. John R. Durrett was 
born in Albemarle county, Virginia, February 15, 1832. His father Wil- 
liam L. Durrett was also a native of Albemarle county, and was married 
to Miss Roberts, a native of the same county. They had ten child- 
ren in all, only four of whom are now living: John R,, William, Dr. F. R., 
and Mrs. Elisa Brown. About the 3'ear 1832, William L. Durrett, with 
his family, moved to Saline county, Missouri, and first settled three miles 
northwest of Saline City, and engaged in farming. He died in June, 1879, 
and was buried in the Lankford graveyard; his wife had died long before 
him, and was buried three miles west of Saline City. John R. Durrett, 
obtained his education in Saline county, finishing at Bethan}- College, 
Virginia. After returning home he went to Texas, traveling for a time. 
Returning home, he went into the mercantile business at Canabridge, in 
this county, continuing about two years. He then went to farming. In 
1861 he enlisted under Shelby, as a private, served through the w^ar, and 
was discharged 1865. He was engaged in the battles of Booneville, Big 
Blue, Helena, Independence, Cape Girardeau, Cane Hill, Little Rock, 
Springfield, Hartsville, Westport, Little Blue, Cove Creek, Coon Creek, 
Mark's Mill, etc. He was wounded in the shoulder at Westport with a 



646 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

minnie ball. Coming home after the war, he went to farming seven miles 
east of Marshall, and remained there five years. He then came to the 
farm on which he now resides, nine miles northeast of Marshall, where he 
is engaged in farming, owning 140 acres of fine land, well improved. In 
1869 he was married to Miss Cynthia Townsend, a native of Cooper 
county. They have had two children, but only one of them, John R., is 
now living. His wife died in 1875, and was buried at the Townsend 
graveyard, in Cooper count}'. 

JOHN THORNTON, P. O., Arrow Rock. Was born in JefTerson 
county, Tennessee, July 21, 1813. His father, Daniel Thornton, a native 
of South Carolina, moved with his father to Tennessee, and w'as married 
there to Mary Nave, sister of Henry and Isaac Nave. They had twelve 
children, four boys and eight girls. In 1816 he came to Saline county 
with his family, traveling by water, on a keel-boat. At that time John 
was about three years old, yet remembers the start from Tennessee. 
They first landed at Pier Flesh Creek, just above the present town of 
Arrow Rock. Just previous to his arrival the inhabitants had been 
greatly alarmed on account of the killing of a man named Gray, by the 
Indians. Gray lived in the bottom below Saline City. On arriving, Mr. 
Thornton went with his family to Cooper's fort, and remained there a 
couple of weeks, and then settled in Saline county, two and a half miles 
from Arrow Rock. He stayed there until the land sales of 1819, and w'hen 
the speculators bought the land on which he had settled, he moved two 
and one half miles further out, into the prairie, and entered the land now 
owned by H. Price.; He died August 31, 1855, and was buried at Con- 
cord church. His widow died March 3, 1874, and was buried at the same 
place. John Thornton never had the advantages of much education — 
working on the farm until twenty-one years of age, when he went into 
his father's blacksmith shop, and learned the trade. His father made the 
plows that broke the first prairie soil of Saline. From his father's shop, 
John moved to Arrow Rock, and carried on the trade there for sixteen 
vears. In 1836 he was married to Sarah Oldham, and thev had eleven 
children, seven of whom are now living: Daniel, Rasweight, John, Aure- 
lia, Laura and Lucy. His first wife died December 14, 1875, and was 
buried at Concord church. September 19, 18;S<|, he was married to Mrs. 
Hubbard, relict of William Hubbard, her maiden name. Miss Arretta 
Groom. Mr. Thornton now resides on a farm three miles north of Arrow 
Rock. 

ABRAM GROOM, P. O., Little Rock. Was born in Montgomery 
county, Missouri, September 24, 1832. His father, Aaron Groom, was a 
native of Kentucky. He was first married in Kentucky, and had four 
children by his first wife: Betty, Jacob, James and John. He came to 
Montgomery county, Missouri, about 1815, and settled in the southern 
« 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 647 

part. His first wife dying, he afterwards married Martha Quick, a native 
of Kentuck}'. They had nine children, tive boys and four girls: William, 
Abram, Marion, Aaron, Newton, Martha, Malinda, Arretta and Lucinda. 
Aaron Groom died in 1845, and was buried in Montgomery county, Mis- 
souri; his wife died in J 871, and was buried in the same county. Abram, 
the second son by his father's second wife, continued to live in Montgom- 
ery county until 1804, engaged in farming. In 1871 he was married to 
Mary J. Snethen, a native of Montgomery county. They have two chil- 
dren, one boy, Ollie, and one girl, Annie B. Groom. In 1876 Mr. Groom 
came to Saline county, and settled on the farm on which he now resides, 
four miles north of Arrow Rock; has a fine farm of 125 acres, and is a 
good farmer. In 1861 he enlisted in the southern army, under Col. Dor- 
se}', of St. Charles county, and was in the battle of Mt. Zion, in Boone 
county. In 1862 he was taken prisoner, and taken to Mexico, in Audrain 
county, and was imprisoned for eleven days and then turned loose. He 
was discharged in 1865; rank, private. 

JOHN M. TENNILL, P. O., Gilliam. Is the son of Hugh and Eliz- 
abeth Tennill, was born in Saline county, Missouri, in June 1842, and has 
lived all his life in this county, except three years service in the Confeder- 
ate army. What education he received he got by chance, that is, as he 
could get it at odd times. He was raised on a farm, which employed 
pretty much all his time. In the spring of 1862, he enlisted in company 
E, 1st Missouri cavalry, first under Col. Shelby, then under Gordon, and 
was in the battles of Booneville, Lexington, Dry Wood, Cape Girardeau, 
Wilson's Creek, Hartsville and many others. Was wounded at Cape 
Girardeau, in the shoulder, of which he still feels the effects. He was 
taken prisoner some twenty-five or thirty times, but always managed to 
escape. On the 17th of June, 1866, he was married to Miss Columbia 
Goodman, and had seven children, six of whom are living: Hugh E., 
James B., Joseph V., Philema, Sophronia M. and Robert M. Since the 
war Mr. Tennill has given his whole attention to farming. Has been 
deputy sheriff', and is at present deputy collector for Clay and Cambridge 
townships. 

JESSE LANKFORD, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Lankford was born in 
Isle of Wight county, Virginia, March 19, 1796, and is the son of George 
and Pamelia Aurora Lankford, formerl}- Herring. During his infancy, 
his parents moved to Pulaski county, Kentucky; remained there ten to 
twelve years, and then moved to Robertson count}-, Tennessee. Here his 
father died and his mother moved near to Nashville, Tennessee. When 
but nineteen years old, he went to New Orleans (as a substitute), in the 
command of Gen. Carroll, and took part in the battle of New Orleans, 
in 1815; after which he returned to Tennessee. In 1817, being then in 
the employ of Dr. John Sappington, of this county, he came with that 



648 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

gentleman, first to Callaway county, Missouri, and remained a year, and 
then moved to Saline county. He built a two-story log house for Dr. 
Sappington, it being the first two-story house in this county; and the lum- 
ber was sawed by hand. In 1821, in compan}^ with Alex Gilbraith, he 
built a saw mill on Salt Fork, now Jonesboro, which was the first mill in 
the county. He was married to Miss Nancy Garrett, April 24, 1828, 
daughter of Abel and Nancy, of this county, natives of Virginia. In 1820 
to 1829, Mr. Lankford was engaged in manufacturing salt. He spent 
much time and money in this enterprise, even purchasing in Virginia, a 
large cast-iron pan, with a capacity of three thousand gallons, which was 
transported on a flat-boat to the Lamine river, and landed at Saline. But 
he failed of success, and lost all the money he had invested in the enter- 
prise. In 1841, he built a second mill at Jonesboro, in compan}' with Mr. 
Boswell. In a few years, he returned to his farm. The school building 
in Arrow Rock was built by him. He was commissioned by Governor 
Miller, major of the militia. The names of Mr. Lankford's children are 
as follows: Lavinia, Emily, Louisa J., Garrett, Jas. D., Geo. W., now living, 
and married, except George W., circuit clerk of the county. Mr. Lank- 
ford was the most enterprising man in Saline county, in those days, and 
through his long life has proved himself one of the most valuable citizens 
the countv has ever had. In all his many years, his usefulness has been 
unflagging. In eleven more years, he will have lived a century, which 
proves how steady and temperate his habits have been. Trembling 
now, on the borders of that better, though unseen world, his long and 
honorable life stands ^ out, a worthy example to the present and future 
young men of Saline. 



ELMWOOD TOWNSHIP. 



JOHN S. BURNSIDES, P. O., Marshall. Son of Archibald and 
Susan Burn sides, of Rockingham county, Virginia, was born in this 
county, October 14, 1840, where his parents had moved in 1826, and 
where his mother died in 1851. He is thoroughly identified with the 
inerests of this county, having been born and bred on the soil. He 
was raised on his father's farm near Miami, where he lived until the war. 
He identified himself with the Union, and volunteered under Capt. Love; 
then served under Capt. Wightman. Served through the war, came 
home, and Decmber 25, 1865, was married to Miss Laura Hisle, daugh- 
ter of Jesse and Ann Hisle, of Virginia. They have five children: John 
W., Sue: A., Charles H., and Harry W. 

MINOR MAJOR, P. O., Blackburn. Mr. Major was born in Frank- 
lin county, Kentuck}', August 10, l.sSS, where he lived until thirteen 
years old, and, then moved with his parents to Missouri, and settled 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 649 

in this county. He is a son of Oliver T. and Nancy Major, of Franklin 
county, Kentuck}-. He was educated at Bethany College, Virginia, 
where he graduated in 18,58. He then returned to Saline, and taught 
school to the beginning of the war. In 1861, he joined the M. S. G., and 
served in Parsons' brigade, and was at the battles of Carthage, Wilson 
Creek, and Lexington. From Lexington he returned home sick. In 
December, 1861, he started south with Robinson's regiment of recruits, 
and was captured on Blackwater, December 19, 1861, and taken to St. 
Louis, and Alton, Illinois, and was released on oath and came home. In 
May, 1862, he entered the Confederate "Secret Service," in which he 
continued during the rest of the war, and passed through many remarka- 
ble adventures, and had many hair-breadth escapes. In the latter part of 
1863, and in 1864, a reward of $100,0(tO was offered by the government 
for his apprehension, or even for his name, of which the government 
were ignorant. In 1864, he was employed by the secret service in the 
destruction of shipping at New York, and of steamboats at St. Louis. 
Was also employed in stirring up the Knights of the Golden Circle 
throughout the North, and was engaged in the great conspiracy to 
release the prisoners at Camp Douglas, near Chicago, on the day of 
the presidential election, November, 1864, forming the nucleus of an 
army, burn the city of Chicago, and march to Richmond by wa}^ of Cin- 
cinnati, or Philadelphia. Mr. Major, however, escaped undetected, as he 
had in so many other tight places,when the conspiracy was disclosed, and 
so many of the conspirators captured. He continued in this service to 
the end, and in May, 1865, President Johnson issued a proclamation for 
his arrest, on which he went to Canada, and from thence to Mexico. 
After the civil supremacy was restored, he returned to his home in this 
county, and has since Hved quietly on his farm. On the 2d of October, 
1866, he married Miss Sallie Thompson, daughter of Manlius V. and 
Mary Thompson, of Pettis countv, formerh' of Kentucky. Her father 
was in the Mexican war, and was afterwards Lieut-Governor of Ken- 
tucky. To this union was born four children: Olive W., Mary T., 
Albert, and John M. 

JAMES LENNON, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Son of Thomas and Mary 
McKeiver Lennon, of county Armagh, Ireland, was born August 15, 
1834, and lived in Ireland until he was seventeen years of age. In 1852 
he came to the United States, and settled first in New York. In 1853 
he moved to St. Charles county, Missouri, and lived there three years. 
He then moved to Monroe county, and lived there until 1861. In June, 
1861, he joined Harris' brigade, under Gen. Green, and was in the battles 
of Wilson Creek, Blackwater, Ark., Helena, and Vicksburg. On the 
26th of December, 1867, he was married to Miss Mary McFarland, of 
Ireland. Was married in New York. 



650 HISTORY OP' SALINE COUNTY. 

DR. H. J. H ALLEY, P. O., Blackburn. Dr. Halley is a son of H. 
S. and Elizabeth Halle}', of Fauquier county, Virginia, and was born in 
Fauquier county November 24, 1831, where he was raised, and edu- 
cated at Warren Green Academy, Virginia. Dr. Halley graduated in 
medicine at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March, 1856. 
He came to Missouri on a visit, and was so captivated with Saline county, 
that he returned and located here in 1858, buying the farm on which he 
now lives. In September, 1860, he married Miss Estatine Deal, daughter 
of Capt. G. W. Deal, of this county, and has five children Hving: Mol- 
lie M., Virginia Lee, Henry J., Anna L., and Lulu Estatine. 

T. J. FITZPATRICK,"^ P. O., Blackburn. The subject of this sketch 
is one of the old citizens of the county. He came to Missouri in 1846, 
and tirst settled in Lafayette county, and then moved to this county in 
1858, and entered the farm on which he now lives. He was born in Ken- 
tucky, in 1832, in Pulaski county, and moved to Missouri with his father 
in 1846. His S3mpathy was all with the south in the war. He was in 
Marmaduke's command until the General was captured, in 1864, and 
then was under Gen. Clark. Mr. Fitzpatrick was married in 1851 to 
Miss Lenora A. Davis, of Lafayette county, Missouri, and has two child- 
ren : Sallie F. (Coates), and William A. 

DR. J. M. FACKLER, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Augusta 
county, Virginia, in 1816, where he was raised and educated, and lived 
until 1843, when, with his parents, he moved to Missouri. He was edu- 
cated in Staunton, and received his medical education at the St. Louis 
Medical College, where he graduated in 1849. He practiced medicine 
in Oregon and California. In December, 1839, he was married to Miss 
Amanda McClanahan, daughter of Morris and Letitia McClanahan, of 
Staunton, Virginia. By this marriage he has four children, two of them 
now living: Virginia and Amanda. His eldest son, Wiley, was killed 
by the Indians on the plains. 

COL. ELIJAH MAGOFFIN, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Son of Ebenezer 
and Margaret Magoffin, of Mercer county, Kentucky. Was born in Mercer 
county, June 3, 1837, where he was raised, and graduated at the Missouri 
State University. In 1856, he moved to Boone couftty, Missouri, and the 
next year to Pettis county, and there lived with his father until the war 
came on. His father was a warm .southern man, and took an active 
part in the struggle. In a skirmish at Georgetown, in Pettis county, he 
killed two militia men, for which he was tried at Lexington and sentenced 
to be hung. He was released, however, in exchange for Gov. King and 
Judge Ryland, who were held as prisoners by Major Elijah Magoffin. 
In December, 1861, he and his sons started south in Robinson's regiment 
of, recruits, and were captured on Black water, December 19, 1'861. Mr. 
Magoffin was again tried, and sentenced to be shot; the sentence was 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 651 

dela3^ed, and he was put in close confinement at Alton, 111. Before the 
sentence was executed, he escaped from Alton, by his sons tunneling 
under the walls, which cost them twenty days' hard work. Soon after 
his escape, he was stabbed without provocation by one Cordle; the mur- 
derer was pursued by Major E. Magoffin, caught and hung. In April, 
1805, Major Magoffin was promoted at the battle of Jenkins' Ferry. He 
was in every important battle fought during the war in the trans-Missis- 
sippi department, and distinguished himselt' as a brave and knightly sol- 
dier, and as one of the most unflinching advocates of the southern cause; 
but when that cause was lost, he surrendered at Shreveport, and returned 
home, and has since led a quiet life in the vocation of a farmer. In Feb- 
ruary, 1872, he married Miss Nannie Fackler, daughter of George and 
Elizabeth Fackler, of this county. Two children, George Fackler and 
Ebenezer Vest, have been born to this union. 

SAMUEL T. MARTIN, P. O., Blackburn. Born in Winchester, 
Clark county, Kentucky, and was the son of Dr. Samuel D. and Elizabeth 
Taylor Martin. He remained in Kentucky until he was* thirty-two 3'ears 
old, and was educated at Augusta College, Bracken county, Kentucky. 
December 31, 1839, he was married to Miss Ann Eliza Jones, and has 
eleven children, eight of whom are now living, viz.: George T., Fannie 
T., Mary D., Frank T., Kate, Helen, Anna, and Hester. His first wife 
died in May, 1S66. In July, 1870, he married Miss Ann J. Francisco, 
daughter of George Francisco, of Saline county, and by her has had three 
children: Samuel D., John T., and William Ross Martin. 

DR. JOSEPH W. CAMPBELL, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Judge 
John and Hattie Campbell, of Somerset county, Pennsylvania ; was born 
in Penns3'lvania, in 184-2, where he was raised. In 1862 he went to Iowa 
and settled at Ottumwa, where he read medicine. He then moved to 
Chariton, Iowa, in 1862, read medicine with Dr. E. D. Black, of Agency 
City, and in 1863 and '64 attended Rush Medical College, where he grad- 
uated; he then moved to Chariton, Iowa, where he first practiced, and 
engaged in the retail drug trade, under firm of Campbell & Son. In the 
spring of 1865, he moved to Calio, Macon county, Missouri. In the fall 
of the next year he moved to Salisbury, Chariton county, Missouri, and 
practiced medicine there until 1869. He then moved to Montgomery 
county, Kansas, and remained there until 1879, and then moved to Elm- 
wood in this county, where he is now engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession . 

DR. THOMAS P. HEREFORD, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Syden- 
ham Hereford, M. D., of Putnam county. West Virginia; was born 
Jul\^ 20, 1836, in Fauquier county, Virginia. His early life was spent at 
Red House Shoals, and was educated at Kanawha, West Virginia. 
He graduated in medicine at the Jefterson medical college, Phil- 



652 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

adelphia, March 12, 1860, and practiced in Kanawha county, West 
Virginia, for ten years. In 1870 he came to Saline county and set- 
tled in Elm wood, where he practiced for about ten years; and then 
gave up the practice and engaged in the mercantile business, in Elm- 
wood. He carries a large stock, and is also postmaster at Elmwood. In 
1861 he enlisted in the Confederate army, under W. H. F. Lee, in Vir- 
ginia, and fought under him through the whole war, being an officer in 
Lee's division, except a few days imprisonment in Camp Chase, Ohio. 
In February, 1865, he married Miss Ruth Jameson, of Pulaski county, 
Virginia, and has one son, Sydenham. His first wife died, and in July, 
1875, he married Miss Maggie Fitzpatrick, of Pulaski county, Kentucky. 

G. THOMAS MARTIN, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Samuel and Ann 
J. Mr.rtin; was born May 30, 1841, in Clark county, Kentucky, where he 
lived until 1850, and then moved with his parents to Missouri, and settled 
in Saline county. He was educated at Elk Horn academy, Clark county, 
Kentucky. In the war he enlisted in M. S. G. army, though a boy of 
twenty, under Gen. Gordon. Went to Camp Holcoway, next to Lexing- 
ton, then to southwest Missouri. Was in the battles of Carthage, Dry 
Wood, Oak Hill and Lexington, and was discharged at Osceola. Enlisted 
in the Confederate service February, 1862, at Cane Hill, Arkansas; was 
in the battle of Elk Horn; then went to Memphis, and from there to 
Corinth, and reached there two days after the battle of Shiioh; at battle 
of luka. Was then transferred to the Second Missouri artillery, com- 
manded by King. Was in every battle in the Georgia campaign to 
Atlanta. Was under Gen. Forrest at Okalona, and surrendered at Gains- 
ville, Alabama, May 10, 1865. On the 24th of August, 1866, Mr. Mar- 
tin married Miss Mary E. Francisco, and has one boy, George Martin. 

DR. GEORGE F. SMITH, P. O., Elmwood, son of William and 
Margaret Smith of Meade county, Kentucky, where he was born April 
13, 1848. He was raised in Meade county, and educated at Pitts Point 
Academy. He attended medical lectures at the Medical College of 
Louisville, graduating in 1871. Afterwards he attended the Bellvue 
Medical College, New York City, 1874 and 1875. In 1875 he located at 
Houstonia; moved to Brownsville in this county in 1876, and practiced 
five years. In 1881 he left Browmsville, and located at Elmwood, where 
he now practices his profession. In 1875 he was married to Miss Mary 
D. Longan, of Pettis county, daughter of Frederic Longan. She died 
February, 1879, and he married Miss Sallie L. Pollard, daughter of H. 
PcUard, of Brownsville. By his first wife, Maggie E. and Gaillard were 
born. He joined the confederate army at oixteen, and fought through the 
war. 

JAMES A. 1 1 ALLEY, P. O., Elmwood; son of Henry S. and Eliza- 
beth Halley of Fauquier county, Virginia; was born in Rappahannock 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 653 

county, Virginia, May 14, 1829, where he lived to his eighth year, when 
his father moved to Fauquier county. He lived there until he moved to 
Missouri in 1853. In 1858 he married Miss Susan E. Deal, daughter of 
Capt. George Deal, of this county, and has ten children living: George 
H. S., Alice v., Warren Hampton, Annie B., William Preston, Joseph 
Whitfield, James A., Mary Ellen, Oscar T., and Pearl. Mr. Halley was 
unfortunate during the war, losing all his property; was broken up by the 
militia. Two of his children were made deaf by severe attacks of 
yellow fever, and were educated at Fulton, Missouri. 

JOHN W. ARMENTROUT, P. O., Elmwood; son of David and 
Mary B. Armentrout, of Rockingham county. West Virginia; he went to 
school in Harrisonburg, and spent the early part of his life on his father's 
farm. In the spring of 1868, he came to Missouri, and settled in Lafay- 
ette county, but soon removed to Saline. In May, 1861, he enlisted in 
Captain Payne's company; through 1861 he was in the western part of 
Virginia; was in the seven days fight at Richmond, Antietam, Fredricks- 
burg, Millersburg, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, where he was taken 
prisoner, and confined in Fort McHenry, Fort Dcilaware, Point Lookout, 
etc. On the 4th of February, 1867, he married Miss Agnes Baker, of 
Virginia; one child was born, Thomas J. His first wife died, August 2, 
1872, and he married Miss Lizzie Smith, daughter of John Smith, Octo- 
ber 12, 1878. 

ROBERT A. HALL, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Joseph W. and 
Sarah A. Hall, of Boyle county, Kentucky, was born at Dover, Lafayette 
county, Missouri, November 11, 1847. When he was a child, his father 
moved to this county, 1848, and has since lived here. When the war 
came his elder brother went with a company, leaving Robert with his 
aged parents. He remained and protected them through the war. In 
1874 Mr. Hall was married to Sue E. Hays, daughter of William and 
Mary A. Hays, of this county, and has two children. 

WILLIAM HAYS, deceased. Was a son of Isaac and Catherine 
Hays, of Virginia; was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, in 
1807. In 1831 he was married to Miss Mary Buster, of Pulaski 
county, Kentucky, by whom he had eight children: Martha, John B., 
Samuel E., Sarah W., Susan E., William C, Charles L., and Mary B. 
In 1841 Mr. Hays moved to Missouri and settled in Saline county, near 
where Elmwood now stands. He died in December, 1863. 

MONROE FLOYD, P. O., Elmwood. Son of John and Matilda 
Floyd, of Pulaski county, Kentucky, where he was born June 15, 1^1. 
His father died in 1856, and he then went to live with his grandfather for 
two years, then returned to his mother's farm, and conducted the same 
until the w^ar broke out. In 1861 he entered the first regiment raised in 
Kentucky, and was second lieutenant in the third Kentucky volunteers, 



651 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

company C. In one year he resigned, and merchandised for three years. 
In 1873 he came to this county, where he now is. July 5, 1864, he mar- 
ried Miss Mollie Kain, daughter of Andrew and Margaret Kain, of Gray- 
son county, Virginia, and has seven children: J. F., W. E., M. A., C. W., 
Andrew, Maggie, and Nellie. 

ANDERSON HUNTER, P. O., Elm wood. Son of Thomas and 
Polly Hunter, who moved to Missouri in the fall of 1830, from Pulaski 
county, Kentucky, and entered a fine farm near where Anderson now 
lives. Thomas Hunter was one of the* old citizens of Saline, and died 
August 13, 1874, his widow surviving him four years. Anderson Hunter 
was born in Pulaski count}', Kentucky, March 3, 1830, and came with his 
parents to Saline that year, where he was raised and educated. In Feb- 
ruary, 1858, he was married to Miss Letitia J. Fitzpatrick, daughter of 
Schuyler and America Fitzpatrick, of Saline, formerly of Pulaski county, 
Kentucky. They have three children living: Samuel S., Mamie E. and 
James Anderson. 

WILLIAM B. MILLER, P. O., Elm wood. Son of Gen. WiUiam 
and Elizabeth Miller, formerly of Danville, Kentucky, who moved to 
Missouri in the spring of 1837. He was born in Danville, Kentucky, 
April 7, 1827, and came to Saline with his parents in 1837, and passed 
the early part of his life on his father's farm, and was educated at Boone- 
ville, Missouri, under Dr. Harris. At the age of twenty-one he went to 
California, and remained there fifteen months, trying mining. Returned 
to Missouri, and after clerking two years in Booneville, took charge of 
his father's farm. March 20, 1856, he married Miss Rachael A. Way- 
land, of Clark county, Missouri, whose parents moved from Virginia to 
Missouri in 1837. By this union they have one child — John G. Miller, 
Esq., of Marshall, now justice of the peace for Marshall township. 

JAMES B. DYSART, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Thomas M. and 
Elizabeth B. Dysart, of Kentucky, formerly of Washington, Virginia. 
His parents moved to Missouri, and settled in Saline in the early days of 
the county, and were married in this county in 1840. James B. was 
born August 30, 1842, near where Elmwood now stands, in this county, 
was raised on his father's farm, and educated at home. In November, 
1867, he was married to Miss Lutie M. Pollard, daughter of Dr. H. E. 
Pollard, of Saline. By this marriage, he has four children: William 
Clarence, Emma Daisie, Annie E., and Jessie Clyde. At the breaking out 
of the war, Mr.? Dysart enlisted on the southern side under Joe Shelby, and 
\v^s with him until he (Dysart) was wounded at Springtield, January 8, 
1860, the scar of which he still bears. While suffering he was taken 
prisoner and paroled. In March, 1863, he was taken prisoner and con- 
fined at Sedalia, and from there to St. Louis, and then to Alton, Illinois, and 
exchanged at City Point, Virginia. He rejoined at King's salt works 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 655 

West Virginia, King's battery — where he remained until Lee called them 
to Richmond, and while on the way, Lee surrendered, and the}- were dis- 
banded. 

J. CRAIG HAYS, P. O., Elmwood. Son of Isaac and Catherine A. 
Hays, of Pulaski county, Kentucky, formerly of Virginia, was born in 
Pulaski county August 8, 1819, was raised on a farm, and educated in his 
native state. He came to Missouri in the fall of 1837, and entered a sec- 
tion of land (in partnership with his brother) where he now lives, near 
Elmwood in this county. He affcrwards sold this, and entered other lands 
in this, and Buchanan counties. In 1844 he was married to Miss Marga- 
ret J. Taber, daughter of Chris. Taber. In the spring of 1848 she died, 
leaving one child, which died in infancy. After his wife's death he went 
to California, and returned in ]855, and bought the old place, and lived 
wath Mr. and Mrs. Taber until their death. In November, 1866, he mar- 
ried Mrs. Sarah E. Dawson, widow of John J. Dawson. 

A. J. NAYLOR, P. O., Elmwood. The subject of this sketch is a 
son of James and Mary H. Naylor, of Frederick county, Maryland, and he 
was born in Frederick county, April 29, 1821. When he was six years of 
age his mother died, and young as he was, he was thrown among strangers, 
to make his "wa}^ in the world. Until sixteen years old, he worked 
in a woolen factory. He then became engaged as a machinist for ten 
years, during w^hich he spent two years in Cuba. On the 3d of June, 
1850, he was married to Miss Kittie A. Dorsey, daughter of Allen Dor- 
sey, of Poplar Springs, Mar3'land, and has three children: Clara L., 
James A. and Mary E. (Mrs. Ransberger). Soon after his marriage, he 
moved to Baltimore, where he lived for three years. He then came west, 
to this county, and settled, where he now lives. During the war he 
remained at home and took no part in the struggle. He spent eighteen 
months, however, in traveling through the western states, during the war 
period. 

THOMAS H. BOULWARE, P. O., Elmw^ood. Mr. Boulware came 
to Saline county, in 1856, and engaged in farming until the last live years, 
during which he has been engaged in merchandising. He was born in 
King George county, Virginia, October 15, 1812, and is the son of 
Thomas and Ellen Boulware, of King George county, Virginia, and was 
educated in his native state. At the age of twenty -one he went to Madi- 
son county, where he had a tailor shop, and afterwards farmed. March 
24, 1840, he married Miss Jane M. Clark, daughter of Reuben and Mar- 
tha Clark, of Madison county, Virginia. They have ten children, eight 
now living: Earnest, Mary E., Ellen W., Percy, Herman, Reubie E., 
Wanda, Jane Fletcher. 

JOHN CARMEAN, P. O., Elmw^ood. A native of Ohio; is one of 
Saline's model farmers, and is a son of John and Nancy G. Carmean, of 



656 HISTORY OF SALITsE COUNTY. 

Maryland. He was born in Ross county, Ohio, January 4, 1814; spent 
his early life on his father's farm, and was educated in the schools of 
Ross county. He gave five years to the carpenter's trade, and lived on 
the homestead place twenty years prior to coming to Missouri. In x\pril, 
1866, he came to this county and bought the beautiful Johnson farm, now 
known as Pleasant Ridge, where he now lives. On the 6th of October, 
1840, he married Miss Susannah De Horen, youngest child of Harman 
and Magdaline G. De Horen, natives of Pennsylvania. To this union 
were born six children, five now living: Eliza E. (Mrs. Coulter), Magda- 
line (Mrs. Clineard), Millard F., Floyd J., and Lester L. Baxter, the eld- 
est, died November, 1874. 

JAMES McNAIR, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Was born in Campbelltown, 
Scotland. He left Scotland when a boy, and settled in New Brunswick, 
where he was engaged in getting out lumber for the British market. In 
January, 1859, he came to the United States, stopping in Chicago one 
3^ear; then came to Pettis count}', Missouri, and lived there fourteen years, 
wagon-making at Smithton. In 1875 he moved to Petra, in this county, 
where he lived four years, and then came to Mt. Leonard, among the first 
settlers, and bought the wagon-maker's shop which he now works, and is 
doing a successful business. In December, 1861, he was married to Miss 
Rosanna Wallace, daughter of Josiah Wallace, of Pettis county, and has 
one child, Lizzie. Mrs. McNair died in May, 1875. 

BENJ. F. BUCKNER, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Son of Horace and Mary 
Buckner, of Madison county, Virginia; was born in Madison county, 
April 30, 1830. When a boy he learned the carpenter trade, and has 
successfully followed it since, except eight years, during which time 
he farmed in this county. In 1855 he left Virginia and came to Mis- 
souri, worked in Lafayette, then bought a farm in Saline, and lived on it 
eight years. He sold his farm, and returned to his trade, and has built 
all, or nearly all the houses in Mt. Leonard and Shackelford. During the 
war he was in Saline. In 1865 he sold out at a great sacrifice and returned 
to Virginia. He was one of the contractors and builders of the old court 
house, recently burnt. 

GEORGE K. DORSEY, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Son of Alfred and 
Charlotte Dorsey, of Maryland, was born in Washington City, September 
24, 1844, and while a small boy, moved with his father to Madison, 
Indiana, where they stayed eighteen months, and then moved^to Missouri, 
and settled in this county, October, 1849. Lived on his father's farm 
until the war broke out, then joined Shelby's command C. S. A., and was 
with him through the war, except while in Marmaduke's escort. He 
won the name of a brave, true soldier. (See soldier's record.) After the 
war he returned home, and was married to Miss Margaret Hunter, in Feb- 
ruary, 1866, daughter of Weatherford & Polly Hunter, of Lafayette 



JilSTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. fioT 

count}', Missouri. They had six children, of whom four are now living: 
Mary C, William, George, and Elizabeth. 

NATHANIEL L. RICHARDSON, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Pioneer 
member of the firm of Leonard & Richardson, proprietors of the elevator 
and lumber yard, Mt. Leonard, is a young man of energ}^ and enterprise, 
and is son of Dr. Robert P. and Medora Richardson, of St. Jo, Missouri. 
He was born at Bell Air, Cooper count}^, Missouri, July 31, 1854, and was 
educated at Kemper's High School, BooneVille, Missouri, and at St. Jo. 
high school, where he graduated. He then went into business at St. Jo. 
In 1878 he came to this county, and engaged with the firm with which he 
is now connected, and built the Mt. Leonard elevator. 

JAMES W. ELSE A, P. O., Elm wood. Son of Isaac and Frances 
Elsea, of Warren county, Virginia, where he was born, July 4, 1826, and 
lived until fifteen years old, when he came with his parents to Lafayette 
county, Missouri. When he was twenty-two years old, he went to Cal- 
ifornia, but soon returned to Missouri, and made his home in Lafayette 
county until after the w^ar. In 1866 he moved to Saline, and bought the 
homestead, Noel's Ridge, where he now lives. On the 21st of March, 
1860, he was married to Miss M. E. Pierce, daughter of Robert and Ann 
Pierce, of Rappahannock count\', Virginia, and has five children: Rob- 
ert Richardson, William K., x\da McGeorge, Ida May, and Daisy. 

RICHARD B. DAVIS, P. O , Mt. Leonard. Is the owner of the 
beautiful farm, known as Ash Grove, and is the second son of Nathaniel 
and Mar}' Davis, of Guilford county. North Carolina, where he was born, 
September 17, 1831, and lived until six years old. In 1837 he moved with 
his parents to Lafayette county, Missouri, where he lived until the spring 
of 1853, except five years, spent in Johnson county. In 1853 he went to 
California, and remained eighteen months. He then returned to Mis- 
souri, and settled on the farm where he now lives. He was married May 
12, 1855, to Miss Sarah Davis, daughter of Wm. L. and Dorothy Davis, 
formerly of North Carolina. They have seven children: George W., 
Caroline S., Hattie A., Richard S., Lenora A., Gertrude H. and Clarence E. 

JAMES M. HAYS, P. O., Elmwood. The subject of this sketch is 
the second son of Charles and Elizabeth Hays, old citizens of Saline, hav- 
ing come here in 1838. He was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, 
October 27, 1837, and the next year came with his parents to this county, 
where he was raised and educated. When the war broke out he joined 
the Confederate army, and was with Gen. Shelby throughout the whole 
period of the war, and surrendered in 1865. On the -Ith of December, 
1866, he married Miss Mary C. Rothwell, daughter of James C. and 
Mary R. Rothwell, of Albemarle county, Virginia, and has five children 
living: Charles C, John W., Mary Lizzie, Mattie J. and Katie D. 
42 



658 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

REV. OLCOTT BULKLEY, P. O., Blackburn. Son of A. Bulk- 
ley, of Connecticut, and Esther Bulkley, of Massachusetts, was born in 
Sheldon, Franklin county, Vermont, Nov. 28, 1808, where he was raised. 
Educated at Bristol College, and studied theology at Alexandria, Virginia. 
After completing his course, and being ordained a minister in the Episco- 
pal church, he settled first in Frederick county, Maryland, then in Cum- 
berland county, Virginia. From there he came to Missouri, and settled 
in this county. During his rectorship here, he had charge of the parish 
known as St. Thomas. In 1869 he had charge of Grace Church in Jef- 
ferson City, for six years, and was chaplain of the penitentiary during 
that time, and was also president of the Jefferson City Female Seminary. 
In consequence of the broken state of his health, he was compelled to 
retire to his farm in Saline, which consists of 400 acres of fine land on 
Quality Ridge, and to give up his active ministry, in a great measure. 
He was married November 19, 1840, to Miss Ann E. Johnson, of Fred- 
erick county, Maryland, and has had eleven children, eight of whom are 
living: Elena, (Mrs. Dr. Pelot), Elizabeth H., Ann Rebecca, Charles S. 
Mary L., Henrietta J., Laura B., Olcott S. Two of his sons, William A. 
and Channing, were killed in battle during the war. They were brave 
and gallant boys of nineteen and twenty-one years of age, and fell fighting 
for what they thought was right. 

MANLIUS P. SUGGETT, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Milton and 
Aurora Suggett, of Scott county, Kentucky, whose parents were from 
Virginia, was educated at the Georgetown, Kentucky, military academy. 
After completing his education, he entered the commission business at 
Helena, Arkansas, firm of Suggett & Co. When the war came he sym- 
pathized with the south, and in 1862 joined Gen. Morgan's command at 
Lexington, Kentuck}-, and was w^ith him until the battle of Murfrees- 
boro, after which he was under Gen. Wheeler, and continued, fighting in 
many of the great battles of the war. Was with Wade Hampton in 
North Carolina, while following Sherman daily. ■ He was with Breckin- 
ridge and Duke through Georgia, and surrendered at Savannah, Georgia, 
at the close of the war. After the war he came to this county and set- 
tled on the farm where he now lives, farming and stock-raising. On the 
26th of January, 1859, he married Miss Sallie A. Peak, daughter of 
Leland W. and Eliza N. Peak, of Scott count}', Kentucky, where she 
was educated at the Georgetown seminary. They have had six children, 
four of them, Leland W., Lucy M., Manlius P., and Sallie A., are now 
living. 

WILLIAM VANSICKLER, P. O., Blackburn; was born in Loudon 
county, Virginia, May 19, 1820, and is the son of John and Sarah H. Van- 
sickler, of Virginia. He was raised and educated in Virginia, and in 1845 
he was married to Miss Eunice Coe, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 659 

Coe, and lived on a farm for about fourteen years. He then moved to 
Parkersburg, and then to Wirt county, West V^irginia, where he Uved 
during the war. Mr. Vansickler has eight children living: Sarah J, (Mrs. 
Dr. Pethy, of Virginia), Elizabeth A., Emily Catherine, William Hen- 
derson, Arabella (Mrs. Miller), Hortensia (Mrs. Miles), Robertie Lee, 
and Floyd Jenkins. Mr. Vansickler has a splendid farm of 227 acres, 100 
acres in wheat and seventy acres in corn. He raises seventeen barrels of 
corn to the acre, and 1600 bushels of wheat from eighty acres. 

COLIN M. PINKERTON, P. O., Mt. Leonard; son of Capt. Wil- 
liam and Elizabeth "L. Pinkerton, of Brook county, Virginia, was born 
January 24, 1820, and is the sixth son in a family of seven sons and four 
daughters. All the sons, except the subject of this sketch, were preachers 
of the gospel, five of the Christian denomination. In 1841, Capt. Pin- 
kerton moved to Warren county, Ohio, where he had charge of the acad- 
emy. In 1844 he went to Kentucky, where he engaged in teaching, 
having had charge of several colleges and seminaries. He was a man 
of vast information and a genial disposition ; kind, gentle, and generally 
beloved by ail who knew him. He lost his sight at sixty-seven years of 
age. In 1857 he moved to this county, and farmed, adjoining Marshall. 
In 1859 he engaged in the drug business. When the war came on he 
went into the army under General Slack, of the M. S. G. After the 
state guard disbanded, he enlisted under General Shelby, and was trans- 
ferred to Marmaduke's escort ; came into Missouri with Shelby and was cut 
oft. After the war, returned to his farm in Saline, where he now is. In 
September, 1850, he married Miss L. T. Davis, of Woodford county, 
Kentucky, a relative of Jefterson Davis, and a cousin of General Lee. 
They have four children, Ida L., Maggie P. (Mrs. Davis), Davis M., and 
Kate Lee. 

THOMAS A. GUNNELL, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Is the only son of 
John T. and Elizabeth (Major) Gunnell, originally of Virginia, later of 
Kentucky, was born in Christian county, Kentucky, January 13, 1821. 
While an infant, his mother died, and he was raised by his grandparents, 
in Franklin county, Kentucky, and was educated at Bacon College, now 
Kentucky University. In the spring of 1844, Mr. Gunnell left Kentuck}- 
and came to Missouri, settled in the western part of this county, and 
improved a large farm, upon which he has since lived. In 1847, he mar- 
ried Miss Marian W. Thompson, daughter of Gen. David Thompson, of 
Scott county, Kentucky, who moved to Pettis county, Missouri, in 1832. 
He has had seven children, five now living: Albert, (California), Volney 
C, (Colorado), Eva, (Mrs. Bradley), Kate B., and Lutie. 

T. B. R. CARTHRAE, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Was born in Saline 
county, January 10, 1841. His father, Addison F. Carthrae, was a native 
of Rockingham county, Virginia, and his mother, Sidna E. Carthrae, 



660 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

was a daughter of Tyree Brown, of Albemarle county, Virginia. T. B. R, 
was the second child, and was educated at the Miami institute; and then 
continued on the farm with his parents until 1861. In 1862, he enlisted 
in the 1st regiment, Missouri cavalry, Shelby's old regiment, afterwards 
Gordon's, C. S. A., and was engaged in the battles of Saline River,. 
Helena, where he was taken prisoner to Indianapolis, Indiana, and held 
there until the war closed. He then returned home and carried on his 
mother's farm, his father having died during the war. He continued 
farming for several j'ears. He then read law in Marshall, was admitted 
to the bar, and practiced several years in Marshall. In 1872, he moved 
to Malta Bend, and located there, practiced law for a while, and then 
went into the mercantile business, through the aid of Mr. J. R. Lunbeck, 
a gentleman of that town, in which he was successful, and developed into 
a good business man. He is now doing a successful business in the town 
of Mt. Leonard, on the C. & A. R. R., in this county. Mr. Carthrae 
was married on the 4th of December, 1878, to a daughter of Ora Cottle, 
of St. Charles county, Missouri. His wife, Mrs. Mattie B. Carthrae, is a 
lady of fine sense, and like her husband, is greatly esteemed by all who 
know her. They have two children: Dotia, and Jay St. John Carthrae. 

ALEXANDER HORD, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Thomas and Mary 
Hord, early settlers of Kentucky (formerly of Virginia). His parents 
died while he was young, and he was raised bv his grandfather, and edu- 
cated in Kentucky. In the fall of 1860, he came to Missouri and settled 
in this county, where he has since lived. He has a fine farm of 285 acres, 
and gives his attention chiefly to wheat raising and grass. On the 16th 
of April, 18 — , he was married to Miss Sallie Lee Davis, of Woodford 
county, Kentucky, daughter of Hancock and Margaret Kincaid Davis, 
of that county. In 1861, he joined the M. S. G., under the call of Gov. 
Jackson, and was in the battles of Wilson's Creek and Carthage. In 
December, 1861, he started south with Col. Robinson's recruits, and was 
captured December 19, 1861, on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis, then to 
Alton, Illinois, from which place he was released, on taking the oath, and 
returned home in 1862. 

GEORGE W. WASHBURN, P. O., Blackburn. Mr. Washburn is 
the eighth son (of a family of fifteen boys) of Seth and Rebecca Paine 
Washburn, of Randolph, Orange county, Vermont, His father repre- 
sented his county in the state senate of Vermont. His education was 
obtained in Randolph, where he took an academic course. At the age of 
sixteen, he went, first to Kentucky, then to Illinois, and there engaged in 
teaching school, for sixteen years, at Petersburg, the academy of Spring- 
field, etc. From Illinois he came to Missouri, in 1851, and settled in this 
county; taught school. On the 7th of September, 1854, he married Miss 
Ann E. Burnes, daughter of William C. and Elizabeth K. Burnes, of Jef- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 661 

ferson county, Virginia. He then commenced farming, in which he is 
now engaged. He has six children: William Seth, Elizabeth P., George 
L., Mar}' V., Albert L. and Laura. Much of his attention is given to 
thoroughbred stock, cattle, hogs and sheep. 

CAPT. LAFAYETTE SHLNDLER, P. O., Blackburn. Son of 
George and Susan Shindler, of Shelby county, Kentucky, where he was 
born, in 1S25, raised and educated. Came to ?vlissouri in 1S5(), and 
located near Dover, in Lafayette county, for a year, and then moved to 
Waverly, same county, where he engaged in the drug business with Dr. 
J. M. Tucker. Enlisted in the Confederate army when the war broke 
out, and was captain of company D, Shelby's old regiment, 1st Missouri 
cavalry, and was at the battles of Coon Creek, Cane Hill, Newtonia, 
Prairie Grove, Helena, and in several tights with Steele on his march to 
Little Rock, Pine Bluff", and in all the Arkansas battles, and was slightly 
wounded. Surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. Returned to Waverly 
and engaged in general mercantile business. In 1873 he bought a farm 
near Blackburn, where he now lives, and devotes his attention to farming. 

HENRY A. TAYLOR, P. O., Blackburn. One of the founders of 
Mt. Leonard. Son of David and Rebecca Taylor. Was born in Ohio, 
July 17, 1829, and lived there until October, 1867, when he moved to this 
county and bought land near where the town of Mt. Leonard now is, and 
went to farming extensively, raising an average of 2,000 bushels of wheat 
on 100 acres of land and an average of 75 bushels of corn per acre on 
120 acres. January 20, 1849, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Spears, 
daughter of Samuel and Mary Spears, of Ohio, and has four children 
living: Samuel, Arthur, David and Wm. Henry. 

THOMAS B. TRENT, P. O., Blackburn. Mr. Trent was born near 
Somerville, Tennessee, April 12, 1852, where he was raised and edu- 
cated, to his nineteenth year, when he entered the mercantile business, and 
continued the same until May, 1878, when he came to this county and 
taught school. In 1879 he located in the new town of Blackburn, and 
again embarked in the mercantile business, in which he is now engaged. 

THOMAS J. DOYLE, P. O., Blackburn; was born in Marshall, Cal- 
•houn county, Michigan. When quite young, he moved to Chicago, Illi- 
nois, and lived there until the great fire. He learned his trade, that o1 
wagon and carriage making, in Chicago: In 1871 he moved to Saline 
county, Missouri, and settled at Petra, and worked at his trade. In 1876 
he moved to Fairville, and in 1878 he moved to Blackburn, where he is 
extensively engaged in the manufacturing of wagons, carriages, buggies, 
etc. He was the first man of family who settled in Blackburn, and his 
daughter, the first child born in Blackburn. Mr. Doyle was married 
in February, 1873, to Miss America Cots, and had five children, lour now 
living: Alice, Katie, Edna and Lizzie. 



662 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

H. C. SPENCER, druggist, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Marion 
county, Missouri, February 4, 1853, where he was raised on a farm, and 
educated. At the age of seventeen years he moved to Hunnewell, and 
engaged in the drug business with his brother J. A. Spencer. In 1876 he 
moved to Lakenan, in Shelby county, where he conducted a drug store, 
on his own account. In 1878 he moved to Malta Bend, in this county, 
where he carried on the drug business until 1880, when he moved his 
stock to Blackburn, where he is now engaged in selling drugs, and is 
doing a lively and strictly legitimate business. 

ADOLPHUS T. CATRON, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Lafay- 
ette county, Missouri, November 24, 1855, where he was raised on a 
farm, and was educated at the State University, Columbia, Missouri, tak- 
ing the scientific course. In the spring of 1879 he was engaged in the 
stock business in Texas. Selling at a great profit, he went to Colorado 
and located on a ranch. In November, 1879, he sold out his ranch, 
returned to Missouri and went to farming. In November, 1880, he moved 
to the new town of Blackburn and engaged in the lumber business, in 
which he is now doing a thriving business. In June, 1880, he married 
Miss Ella Hancock, of Quality Ridge, and has one child, Florev Rover. 

JOHN H. HAN LEY, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Monroe county, 
Virginia, March 17, 1843. When he was but four years of age his father 
moved to Howard county, Missouri, where he was raised and educated. 
When grown, he went to Ross county, Ohio, and engaged in the stage 
business for eight years. In 1869 he moved back to Missouri and settled 
in this county, in Malta Bend, trading in stock. In 1879 he moved to 
Blackburn, in this county, and engaged in the livery business, in which 
he is doing well. Mr. Hanley was married in 1864, to Miss Maggie A. 
White, and has had six children, three now living: Jimmie, Edward and 
Charlie. 

THOMAS C. MAUPIN, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Monroe 
county, Missouri, November 11, 1851, where he lived the early part of 
his life, was raised and educated. In 1876 he moved to Shelbina, Mis- 
souri, where he engaged in the hardware business for one year. In 1877 
he moved to. Paris, Monroe county, Missouri, and carried on the hard- 
ware trade until February, 1879, when he worked as a drummer for a 
short time. In October, 1879, he came to Blackburn, and engaged in the 
hardware business. In February, 1871, he was married to Miss Eliza 
Jacoby, of Monroe county, Missouri, and has three children: Elbert E., 
Graves R., and Guy. 

JOHN B. CATRON, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Christopher and 
Nancy Catron, of Lafayette county, Missouri, where he was born August 
25, 1860, and raised on his father's farm. In 1876 he went to the State 
University, Columbia, Missouri, where he was educated. While yet a 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 663 

young man, he traveled through most of the middle states, and obtained 
his views of business from observation in the different states. One year 
after his father's death, which occurred in 1880, he removed to Blackburn, 
and engaged in th-e lumber business, associated with his brother Adol- 
phus. Though quite a young man, Mr. Catron is one of Saline's promis- 
ing and wide-awake merchants. 

JOHN C. HOWARD, justice of the peace, P. O., Blackburn. Son 
of William and Ann E. Howard, natives of Powhatan county, Virginia, 
was born in Cumberland county, Virginia, September 6, 1828, where he 
lived until ten years old, w^hen, in 1837, his parents moved to Booneville, 
Missouri, and located on a farm in Cooper county. When the war broke 
out he joined the state guard, as a lieutenant in Capt. Brown's company. 
Was in the battle of Booneville. Remained in the Missouri state guard 
until after the battle of Lexington, at which he was present, and served 
the rest of the war in the Confederate, army under Gen. Lee, and surren- 
dered with Lee at Appomattox; and was in all the Virginia battles. In 
the early part of the war he was in prison at Booneville for three months. 
At the end of the war he returned to Saline county, and went to farming. 
While at Col. John Lewis' house early in the war, he was captured there, 
but during the short time he was in the house, he fell in love with a bright 
eyed daughter of the Colonel's, and when the war finally closed, he 
came to Saline, and in 1866 was married to Miss L. Lewis, and has five 
children: John L., B. C, M. L., Annie E., and Peyton C. Mr. Howard 
lives adjoining Blackburn, and has recently been appointed justice of the 
peace for Elmwood township, and makes an excellent magistrate. He is 
a large-hearted, kindly-gentleman, of the Old School, and is one of the 
best old Virginia families. 

FRANCIS A. BLACKBURN, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Dr. 
Churchill J. and Eleanor M. Blackburn, of Woodford county, Kentucky, 
and Paris, Kentucky; was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, where 
he lived to his thirteenth year of age, when he moved with his parents to 
Covington, Kentucky. In August, 1859, he was married in Covington, 
to Miss Lydia Paxton, daughter of A. M. and Sallie B. Paxton. The 
fruits of this union were six boys, three of whom are now living: Mar- 
shall P., Churchill J. and John D. At the time of his marriage, Mr. 
Blackburn was a wholesale grocer, conducting business in Cincinnati, and» 
continued so engaged until the war broke out, when he bought a mill in 
Covington. In 1S63 he moved to Woodford county, where he purchased 
a large estate, and went to farming and stock-raising. In 1S58 he moved 
to Missouri, and settled on a farm in the western part of this county, on 
part of which the town of Blackburn now stands. Saline county is, per- 
haps, more indebted to Mr. Blackburn for improved stock, horses and 
cattle, than to any other one man. Among the horses imported from 



Q64: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Kentucky by him, were Mambrino, Champion and Donerail and Tom 
Paine. He also owned Greenwood and Boone Chief. He dealt also in 
Short-horn and Jersey cattle, and in Cotswold sheep. He was first mas- 
ter of the Grange, and founder of the town of Blackburn, the place being 
named for him. He was greatly instrumental in bringing the C. & A. 
R. R. through Elmwood township. The sad circumstances of his death 
were thus: While preparing for a hunting expedition, and while exhibit- 
ing the working of a new pistol to a friend, it was accidentally^ discharged, 
the ball entering his left breast, and killing him instantly. His widow, 
Mrs. L3-dia A. Blackburn, still lives upon, and carries on the farm, aided 
b}- her sons. 

JAMES E. DRANE, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Richard and Susan 
Drane, natives of Maryland. Was born in Alleghany count}^ Mary- 
land, in 1836. At three years of age, moved with* his parents to the 
north of this state, to Marion county, where he lived for twenty years, 
and engaged in farming and stocK raising. In the spring of 1857, he 
came to this county and improv^ed the farm now owned by Miss Nannie 
Castile, and then purchased the Judge Riland farm, on which he is now 
living, and raising sheep. In 1863, he married Miss Mary Shaw, of 
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, daughter of Judge and Mrs. Shaw\ Mr. 
Drane w^as married in Boston, in the midst of the rebellion. His father- 
in-law had been principal of the high school in New Orleans. He had 
taught in Mississippi, taught Jetl". Davis' family, and was himself a class- 
mate of Edward Everett. 

DR. JOHN E. HAYS, P. O., Blackburn; son of Dr. John B. and 
Alice (Chase) Hays, the former of Kentucky, and the latter of New 
Hampshire, w^as born in West Ely, Marion county, Missouri, July 27, 1856, 
and lived there until ten years of age, and then moved with his parents to 
Monroe City, and entered the Monroe City Institute, preparatory to enter- 
ing college, and in 1872 went to Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, 
for tw^o years, when his father died. In 1874 and 1875 he attended the 
medical lectures at Louisville, Kentucky, for two years, and afterwards 
continued to study medicine with his preceptor. Dr. E. W. Girard, of 
Shelby count}-, Missouri. In the fall of 1877, Dr. Hays went to Kansas 
Cit}^, and became identified with the Kansas City Hospital as assistant 
physician, and attended one course at the college of physicians and 
'surgeons at Kansas City. That winter small pox broke out, and Dr. 
Hays was transferred to the small pox hospital, Kansas City. He is a 
regular graduate of the hospital of ph^•sicians and surgeons. He then 
came to this county, and located in Blackburn, where he now enjoys an 
enviable reputation as phvsician and surgeon, for so young a man. On 
the 13th of November, 1878, he was' married to Miss Enna F. Harris, 
daughter of Jacob R. Harris, of Palmyra, Missouri. 



HISTORY OK SALIxN'E COUNTY. 005 

RICHARD H. DRANE, P. O., Blackburn; son of Richard and 
Susan Drane, of Salin-.*, formerly of Maryland, a prominent farmer and 
land-holder; was born in Marion county, Missouri, September 20, 1842, 
where he lived until 1857. In 1857 he moved to Monroe county, Missouri, 
and farmed in that county until 1865 ; he then moved to this county, bought 
a farm in section 23, township 50, and ran^e 18, where he now Uves, occu- 
pied with farming and stock raising. He also owns 360 acres of land in 
Lafayette county, adjoining Saline, which is in good repair, and rents at a 
handsome profit. He has more land than he needs, and holds his Lafay- 
ette fiwm for sale. In the war, Mr. Drane was with the south, and joined 
Green's command, Monroe county, in 1861. His farm is one of the 
finest in the county, well improved and well stocked, not far from 
Blackburn. Mr. Drane deals largely in fine stock, is an enterprising 
and wide-a-wake farmer, and is always interested in everything that looks 
to progress and improvement. 

M. M. BIVIN, P. O., Blackburn. Son of Bozel Bivin, of Louisville, 
Kentucky. Was born in Louisville, in 1836. He moved, when quite 
young, with his father, to Missouri, and settled on a farm near Knob Nos- 
ter, Johnson county, where the subject of this sketch was raised, and edu- 
cated at the Woodland Academy. He lived in Johnson county until 1880, 
when he moved to Saline county and opened a barber's shop at Black- 
burn, and is now doing a thriving business, in his own building, on Main 
street. On the 7th of August, 1874, he was married in Shell City, Ver- 
non county, Missouri, to Miss Mattie Myers, and has had three children, 
two of whom, Lula May and George W., are living. 

ALEXANDER TILTON, P. O., Blackburn. Is a son of Joseph 
and P. J. Tilton, of Virginia and Ohio, and was born in Meigs county, 
Ohio, August 2, 1852, on the banks of the Ohio river. When five years 
of age, he moved with his parents to Iowa, 1857, on a farm. In 1869, he 
came to SaHne county, and taught school for four years, and himself grad- 
uated at state university, Columbia, Missouri. When only thirteen years old, 
he entered the Federal army, under Capt. Thos. Wilson, and was mus- 
tered out at Davenport, Iowa. In 1876, he was married to Miss Lizzie 
Driver, of Lafayette county, Missouri, by whom he has two children, 
both living. 

ELDER T. W. HANCOCK, P. O., Blackburn. Was born in Ver- 
sailles, Woodford county, Kentucky, December 10, 1825, and moved with 
his parents to Todd county in 1828, where he was raised, and educated 
at Franklin College, Tennessee, for the ministry. He was employed by 
the Green River " Christian " corporation, in company with William E. 
Mobley, as an "Evangelist." In 1855 he moved to this county, and 
preached in Saline, Pettis, Lafayette, and Johnson counties. Has had 
charge of the "Christian Union" for the last ten years in his own neigh- 



(^(yC) HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

borhood. In 1850 he married Miss Jacintha A. Pollard, daughter of D. 
H. S. E. Pollard, of Virginia. 

WM. H. AND A. LEONARD, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Sons of Nathaniel 
and Margaret Leonard, were born in Cooper county, Missouri — William 
H. in 1848, and Abiel in 1851, where they were raised on their father's 
farm; went to school in Booneville to Kemper, and in 1868 entered Dart- 
mouth College, where William graduated in 1872, and Abiel remained 
only three years. As soon as they returned from college they came to 
Saline county, in which they inherited a large body of magnificent land, 
and built the house in which they now live, it being then unimproved 
prairie. They had 1,800 acres of land, to which they added 740 acres, 
and put that down in wheat. They then sold this tract of 740 to Hudson 
& Goulding. They are now occupied in breeding Short-horns, of which 
they now have a herd of one hundred head. The cows were purchased 
of C. E. Leonard, of Cooper county, the bull of A. Renick, of Ken- 
tucky. This herd is of inestimable advantage to Saline county, as their 
stock is of the purest blood in the United States. They have also two 
flocks of fine sheep, one of 500 head, and the other of 200 head. Cots- 
wold. They have likewise a fine stud of jacks and jennets. 

SAMUEL O. G. HOPKINS, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Son of Joseph 
and Elizabeth Garrett Hopkins, of Virginia. Was born in Cumberland 
countv, Virginia, August 16, 183;'), where he was raised on his father's 
farm until 1857, when he entered the Cumberland (Tennessee) University, 
law department, where he was classmate of J. B. Jackson. Owing to bad 
health, he abandoned the study of law, and returned to his farm. The 
war broke out, and he identified himself with the southern (now the "lost") 
cause. He was with Col. Woodruff', in the quartermaster department, 
until his health again compelled him to retire from active service, and in 
order to save his life, he went to the British Provinces, and stayed there 
until the end of the war. After which he quit farming and engaged in 
the milling business for three years. He then moved to this county and 
bought the farm on which he now lives, and deals in thorough-bred 
cattle. Mr. Hopkins was married in 1861 to Miss Sue Moore, daughter 
of Jefferson and Martha Moore, of Kentuck}'. They have two children: 
Thomas H. and John R. 

TOM, BLAIR, merchant, P. O., Salt Springs. Was born in Brant 
count}^ Canada, May 6, 1843. In 1856, moved with his father to Howard 
count}', where he remained until 1865; then went to Macoupin county, 
Illinois. Here he taught school for several years. Later, was messenger 
on the C. & B., St. Louis division, or Wabash R. R., about five months. 
Then engaged in the lumber business for two years at Stanton, Macoupin 
county, and for two years clerked in store. In 1874, went to Macon 
county, Missouri, where he engaged in merchandising for four years, at 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. G67 

which time he had his store burned. In 1878 he came to bait Springs, 
where he has merchandised since. He has built up a good custom; is 
genial, and a man of character. Was married in Macoupin county, Illi- 
nois, December 22, 1875, to Miss Lizzie Bley, daughter of Dr. George 
Bley, by Rev. Mr. Graves. He has one child, Marion E. He 
is a master mason; was sent as a representative from La Plata lodge, 
Macon county, to the grand lodge of the state. He has also been a 
member of the Presbyterian Church since 1871. 

GEO. W. COYNER, farmer, P. O., Mt. Leonard. Was born in 
Augusta county, Virginia, January 29, 1843. His father D. D. (mother 
Celestine), was raised and educated in same county. Farmed with his 
father until he came to this county, in 1867. Farmed on rented land, and 
painted until 1867, then purchased his present farm, where he has since 
resided. He has a nice farm of 120 acres, all in cultivation. He enlisted 
in Confederate service, under Gov. Jackson, 1862. Was with Jackson in 
the fight at Port Republic, when he was wounded. After that battle was 
under Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee. Was detailed by Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee. 
Carried dispatches for Gen. Mumford. Was in the army till close of the 
w^ar. Was married January 29, 1868, to Miss Mattie R. Deal, of Saline 
county, by Rev. B. Barber. Children, Laura A., Floyd S. Member of 
Presbyterian Church since 1874. 

JOHN ING, minister and farmer, P. O., Salt Springs. Was born in 
Franklin county, Illinois, August 21, 1840. His early schooling was 
received in Franklin and Pike counties. He farmed with his father. 
Rev. Stanford Ing, until 1858, then went to Dent county, this state, where 
he attended the Saline Academ}^, and taught fall school. In 1859 he 
attended the Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, where he com- 
pleted his preparatory classical studies before and after the war. He 
graduated in June, 1868. His grade entitled him to deliver the valedic- 
tory address, w^hich he did, and receiv^ed his diploma with the highest 
honors of the school. After leaving school, went to Phelps county, and 
in the fall election was elected county surveyor, which position he filled 
until spring of 1869. He then began preaching, and in 1870 joined St. 
Louis M, E. Conference. He has been on missionary duty since. Was 
married June 30, 1870, to Miss Lucy E. Lawley, a graduate of Mt. Hol- 
yoke. Seminary,*' Mass., then a resident of Putnam ville, Ind., (by Rev. R. 
Hawley, her father.) Children: John H. (living), (two dead.) Septem- 
ber 1st, 1870, sailed for China, under appointment by missionary society, 
where he remained about four years, preaching there. Went to Japan, 
where he preached, and took charge of the Too Gijuku schools at Hiro- 
saki. Languages taught were English, Chinese, and Japanese. The 
schools were very prosperous, and when he left the}' had 400 students. 
He returned to his home in Saline county, after remaining in Japan three 



<56S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and a half years, where he has since resided. Is a member of the 
Delta Capa Epsilon collecre society. Enlisted in Union service under 
Col. John Glover. Was captain in Gen. Davidson's division, and Gen. 
Steele's command. Was transferred from company G to compan}' L, 
3d Mo. Vol. Cavalry. 

THOS B. MIKELS, farmer, P. O., Salt Springs. Was born in Mont- 
gomery county, Indiana, January 3, 1835. Was raised on a farm, and 
receiv^ed his early education in the early schools where were us'ed three- 
legged stools; 1S56 went to Davis county, Missouri, where he remained 
till 1664, when he returned to Indiana. In 18(»S came to Saline county, 
and purchased where he has since resided. Was married September, 
1854, to Miss Emily Nichols, of Montgomery county, Indiana, by Rev. 
Thomas Hamilton. He has eight children: Albert S., Isaac J., Laura 
S., Columbus, Joel N., Debbie B., Obie D. and John G. Enlisted in 
United States service, Twenty-third Missouri infantry. Was mustered 
in as first lieutenant, company H. Went to St. Louis, where he received 
clothing and arms. Was stationed at Chillicothe in 1863; was taken pris- 
oner April 6, 1862; was paroled October 12, 1862. Owns 260 acres of 
fine land. 

I. N. -ELSEA, farmer, P. O., Salt Springs. Was born in Fauquier 
county, Virginia, November 4, 1832. In 1837 moved with his father to 
Lafayette county, Missouri. Farmed with his father here till his father's 
death, March 16, 1850, aged 5T; then came to Saline county, where he 
purchased his present farm, of 240 acres. Was married December 28, 
1858, to Miss Nancy A. Fulkerson, of Saline county. Children, seven: 
Freddie R., Fannie S., Alice, Geo. N., Emma J., Lillian and Ernest. He 
is a master mason. Enlisted in Federal service, under Captain Fulker- 
son, company C, Missouri infantry; afterwards captain company F, Sev- 
enty-first regiment, E. M. M. 

CATHERINE KING, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in County 
Clare, Ireland, in 1816. Came to this county as early as March, 1849, 
with her husband,' Thos. King. For three years he farmed north of 
w^herehe bought and has farmed since, till his death, September 18, 1878, 
and where his widow now resides. She was married in Ireland to Mr. 
Thos. King, in 1836. She has six children: Matthew, Michael, John, 
James, Mary J. and Catherine. Before division, the farm contained 640 
acres; stiction 22, township 50, range 22. 

CHRISM AN H. PARKER, P. O., Elm wood, farmer. Was born 
in Claiborne county, Tennessee, July 12, 1828. His father, James Parker, 
was English. His mother was of French descent. He was raised in 
Claiborne count}', and farmed with his father till he was eighteen years 
old, then volunteered in the Mexican war, but was not received at that 
time. He returned home and went to Kentucky. In 1847, at Summerset, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 669- 

he volunteered a^ain, was received and went first to Louisville, where he 
was mustered in about September. Went to New Orleans by steamboat, 
there took ship and landed at Vera Cruz last of November. He was 
under Cerro Gordo Williams. Beini^ under the second call, was not in any- 
regular engagement. Was honorabl}' discharged July 2.5, 18^8, when 
he returned to his home in Tennessee, and entered the academy at Tae- 
well. April, 1849, he came to Uno, Cass county, Missouri, and located 
his land warrant. He went to school in Cass county five months, taught 
school three months, sold his land and went to California the 1st of May,, 
arriving there the 20th of September, and worked in the mines about a 
year and a-half, then went via. San Francisco, across the isthmus of Pan- 
ama, on the Atlantic, to Cuba, to Key West, and to New York, where 
he came by railroad (except across Lake Erie), to Cincinnati, where he 
took stage to Summerset, Kentucky. Was married February 24, 1853, at 
Summerset, to Miss Lucy Crain. By this wife he has eleven children: 
Arzela, Alfred, Judson, Andrew D., Annie, Charles H., Clarence, Kate, 
Amber, Pearlie, and Harry. Came to Saline county April 24, 1853, and 
has resided here since, except whilst in the war. Enlisted in the United 
States service August'9, 1862, under Capt. Love, a recruiting officer. Was 
in the United States service till the close of the war. Was wounded in 
the battle at Brownsville, Kansas, August, 25, 1863, but was not disabled 
from service, though he was shot in several places. Was taken prisoner 
by the bushwhackers in February, 1863. After some abuse and travel, 
was released and returned to his command. Was in battles at Lonejack, 
Prairie Grove, Van Buren, Brownsville, (Kansas,) Little Rock, Moore's 
Bottom, and Saline River. Was discharged June 13, 1865. He returned 
home to Saline county, where he has since resided. Master Mason and 
Odd Fellow. 

WM. B. HOPPER, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Salt Springs. 
Owns 364 acres of land, and was born in Warren county Tennessee, 
April 2, 1828. Farmed with his father until he was eighteen vears old, 
then went to Shelby county, Texas, and volunteered in the Santa Fe war^ 
when twentj^-one years old, but was taken sick and didn't serve. He 
returned to Tennessee when twenty-three years old, and October 17,, 
1851, was married to Miss Mar}' A. Koger. Children: James T., John 
F., Sarah R., Cicero A., Tennessee, Wm. B., Millie B., Gilmer, and 
Eddie E. Farmed in Tennessee until April, 1857; then went to Carroll 
county, Arkansas, where he engaged in cattle speculation. In 1862 went 
to Stone county, Missouri; in 1863 to Springfield; 1864 to Marshall, this 
county; in 1864 and 1865 was sub-contractor to furnish U. S. army with 
beef, and in 1865 was buying freighting cattle and dehvering same at 
Fort Leavenworth; the same year purchased his present farm, where he 
moved his family in 1866. From 1867 to 1872 handled cattle from Texas 



670 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

to this State. From 1S72 to 18T9 he has handled cattle on his farm. In 
1880 he located a range in Camanche county, Kansas, for the purpose of 
raising cattle. He has 400 at present. Is a good judge of cattle and has 
been a successful trader. 

SAMUEL D. CHAMBERLAIN, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Salt 
Springs. Was born in Columbus county, Ohio, August 22, 1832. He 
was educated partly in the public schools of Columbus county, and partly 
in Logan county, his father moving to Logan, when he was eleven years 
old. He lived with his father in Logan until his father's death, January, 
1871. In 1873 he came to this county and purchased the farm he now 
lives on. Was married September 29, 18.58, to Miss Maria V. Thornton, 
of Fauquier county, V^irginia, (born September 26, 1836). They have 
four children: Minnie M., Annie M., Charlie E., and Robert R. Mr. 
Chamberlain is a man of sterling integrity, and a man that his county may 
well be proud of. His farm shows him to be a man of energy and enter- 
prise. After his marriage, he left his father, and engaged in the trade of 
plastering, until he came to this county. He has a handsome two story 
residence, good barn, orchard, and plenty of fine water. Devotes his 
time to stock raising and feeding. 

HENRY B. WINSLOW, deceased. Was born in Orange county, 
Virginia, September 27, 1811. Was educated in the private schools. He 
farmed with his father till his father's death, then purchased the homestead. 
He was married March 5, 1832, to Miss Drucilla A.F. Goodall, of Orange 
county. To this union were born Edward M., John B., Mary M., Martha 
E., Robert M., Harriet A. E., Thomas M., Henry B., Valentine I., Rich- 
ard C, Frances C, and Moses. In 1855 he came to this county and com- 
menced farming on the place his widow now resides on. He was blessed 
with good health up to the year of his death. May 1877. He was a mag- 
istrate in Orange county, Virginia, for several terms. 

PATRICK LOFTUS, farmer and stock-raiser, 760 acres of land, P. 
O., Shackelford. Mr. Loftus was born in county Mayo, Ireland, March 
12, 1814. Was educated in the pubHc schools of same city. In May, 
1836, he came to America, engaged in boot and shoe making, in the city 
of New York, for two years. In 1838, went to Philadelphia, where he 
followed his trade two years more, and from thence to Charleston, South 
Carolina, where he carried on his trade till the year 1845. In that year, 
1845, he came via New Orleans and St. Louis, to Arrow Rock, in this 
county, and in April, rented a farm, south of Shackelford. In the fall, he 
entered 120 acres of land, and 640 since, where he has farmed successfully 
since. He was married in New York City, November, 1838, to Miss 
Bridget Flynn, a native of Ireland, born December 26, 1812, in county 
Mayo. By this union were born: Ellen, Catrine, John, Lizzie, Rosa, 
William, Sarah, Agnes and Teresa. Himself and lady are still living. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. G71 

and in good health, and are enjoying the evening of a useful and happy 
life. 

REV. EDWARD HAMILL, P. O., Shackelford. Father Hamill 
was born in Armagh county, Ireland, March 26, 181-1. He received his 
early education at Miller's Academy, in the same county. In 183-1, he 
crossed the ocean to America, remaining two years in New York. From 
New York he went to Virginia, remaining five years, then to St Louis, 
where he completed his education for the priesthood. In 1840, he was 
ordained and has been on missionary duty nearly ever since. Immediately 
on leaving the seminary, he entered upon sacerdotal duty in St. Louis, 
having charge of different churches until the spring of 1853. In 18.53, 
sent to St. Pauls, in St. Charles county. From 1853 to 1859, he minis- 
tered to churches in the various counties north of the river. In 1859, he 
was sent to Lexington, Missouri. In 1867, came to Saline county, where 
he now has charge of the " Church of Enunciation," in section 10. His 
residence is near the church. He is the oldest ordained priest in the 
state of Missouri. Though many summers have passed over his head, 
he is very jovial, and enjoys a good hearty laugh. He begun to build the 
church, a handsome stone one, in 1878, and has just finished and dedicated 
the same. He also was chiefly instrumental in building the large biick 
Catholic Church in Marshall. 

COOPER B. ROUNTREE, P. O., Shackelford; farmer and stock 
raiser; was born in Maury county, Tennessee, January 16, 1830. He was 
six years old when his father moved to Green county, Missouri; was edu- 
cated in the pubHc schools of that county. In 1850 he went to California, 
and engaged in stock speculation for ten years. He traveled extensively, 
being in Texas four years engaged in grazing sheep. In 1865 purchased 
his present home of 308 acres, in Saline county. In 1870 sold his farm in 
Saline and moved to Lafayette county. In 1879 exchanged his farm there 
for his old home in SaHne, where he has since resided. His farm is one 
of model improvements, supplied with pure Uving water from his two 
large springs and a well with wind pump. Married August 30, 1863 to 
Miss Ellen P. Smith, of Henry county, Kentucky. They have three 
children: Mary C, Martha M. and Benjamin F. 

WILLIAM H. VAUGHAN, P. O., Shackelford; farmer; was born 
in Vermont, near Burlington, on Lake Champlain, October, 9, 1814, and 
lived there until he was six months old, then moved wath his parents 
to Ohio. He remained there until he was five years old, then moved 
with his parents to Indiana, and there he received a common school 
education. He went to Boone county, Kentucky, when he was twenty- 
two years old, and on February 22, 1838, was married to Miss Emily 
Balsley, of North Bend, same county. By this " union they have six 
children: Fannie A., George B., Eva xM., x\da A., Arthur W. and 



672 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

William H. In 1841 he came to Saline county, Missouri, and pur- 
chased 1,000 acres of land, and then returned to Kentucky. In 1849 
he went to California for two years, then returned to Kentuck}-. In 
March, 1867, he moved with his family to his farm in Saline county, 
where he has since resided. June, 1862, he enlisted in the Confederate 
service under General Humphrey Marshall. A short time after, he was 
made captain of company B, Third Kentucky mounted riflemen. Was 
under General Hodge's command, from spring of 1863, until he was 
badly wounded and taken prisoner in November. He was shortly 
afterwards paroled by General Granger, and returned to Kentucky, 
where he remained with his family until the war closed. After the war, 
June 9th, took the oath and has since then been a peaceful and law- 
abiding citizen. Whilst General Burnside had charge of the troops at 
Cincinnati, his (Vaughan's) wife was arrested on suspicion of having cor- 
respondence with her husband. She remained in prison three weeks, 
sometimes sleeping on a bench and sometimes on straw. After General 
McClellan took charge of the troops there, she was sent home without 
trial. 

P. C. ARMENTROUT, merchant, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in 
Rockingham county, Virginia, November 4, 1S48. His father was Jere- 
miah, and his mother Sa.rah J. Armentrout. Was raised and educated in 
the Oak Grove Academy of the same county. He remained and farmed 
with his father until he came to Saline county, landing at Miami, October 4, 
1869. He taught school in the county for four years. In 1863, he 
rented a farm, and began farming and trading in cattle. He was a suc- 
cessful trader, and in August, 1876, purchased land south of Shackelford. 
He moved there in 1877, where he remained until 1879, when he sold out 
and came to Shackelford, and commenced buying and shipping grain for 
Rea & Page. In 1878, he was appointed deputy assessor, which posi- 
tion he held until 1879. First of April, 1880, engaged in the grocery 
business with Mr. G. Gauldin. The firm was known as Armentrout & 
Gauldin. He afterwards bought the full interest, then his brother came 
in as partner, making the firm Armentrout & Bro. Armentrout & Bro. are 
wide awake men, do business on the square, and have built for them- 
selves a reputation as first-class men. Was married March 8, 1871, to 
Miss Rachel V. Kiser, of Saline county, by Rev. Joshua Barbee. By 
this union they have three children: Ida M., John W., and Lottie Lee. 
He is a master mason, and also master workman of the A. O. U. W. 
Lodge. 

J. S. BRICE, druggist, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in Audrain 
county, Missouri, November 5, 1857. Ancestry, Mr. John J. and Mrs. 
Charlotte Brice. Febfuary, ls71, he came with his father to Saline 
county. Here he has speculated, successfully in sheep for some years, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 073 

until engaging in the drug business at Shackelford. Mr. Brice is a young 
man of moral, temperate and social habits, enterprising, and can show a 
nice assortment of drugs and medicines. 

JACOB C. KEITH LEY, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in Ralls 
county, Missouri, March 4, 1^'M. His grandfather, Jacob, lived in south- 
ern Kentucky, where he raised a large family of children, eighteen in 
number (thirteen sons and five daughters), most of whom moved to Mis- 
souri before it became a state, (one of whom was killed by the Indians in 
St. Charles county); and they settled in St. Charles, Pike and Ralls coun- 
ties. His son Levi (father of Jacob C), married Miss Fann}' White in 
Kentucky, and came to Missouri in 1819, and was one of the pioneer set- 
tlers of Ralls county, where he lived and farmed until 1875, and died at 
the advanced age of eighty-one years. Hq was a soldier in the Black 
Hawk war of 1832. Jacob C, the subject of this sketch, was the eighth 
of nine children by his father's first wife. Was educated at Van Rensse- 
laer Academy, in Ralls county, and at Westminster College, Fulton, Mis- 
souri. In April, 1857, he came to Saline county and engaged in teaching 
for three years in the Petra neighborhood. October 27, 1857, he was 
married to Miss Jane M. Vawter, daughter of Wm. Vawter, of Boone 
county, Missouri, and born January 16, 1837. Of this union were born 
eight children, viz.: Irving W., June 20, 1858; Herbert R., June 2, 1S62; 
Flora, December 3, 18H3; Ella, August 28, 1866; George E., December 
20, 1868, and Rowland Hill, June 1, 1877, now living; and Joseph C. and 
Stanley, who died early. In September, 1860, he moved to the neighbor- 
hood of Salt Springs, where he now lives. The next spring the war 
began, but, although Mr. Keithley espoused the Union cause, he did not 
volunteer into the service. When the order to enroll in the Enrolled Mis- 
souri Militia was made, however, he obeyed, and w^as in the service at 
Marshall for one year — about four months in active service — and there 
being no further need of his services, he paid the commutation tax, which 
exempted him thereafter. In September, 185-2, he united with the Pres- 
byterian Church (O. S.), in Ralls county, and has never regretted the 
step from that day to this, but has striven to live the life of a consistent 
Christian. Since the w^ar he has devoted himself to farming. Latterly 
he has been striving to effect the propagation of different fish in several 
ponds, fed by lasting springs. In one he has native fish, such as perch, 
newlites or crappies, and channel cats; in another, German carp, obtained 
from Washington City. His object is to make these ponds furnish fish as 
food the year round. His farm is well improved, containing, among 
many other improvements, a stone milk-house, through which cold spring 
water flows, keeping milk and butter sweet and fresh in the hottest 
weather. 

43 



674 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 

CHARLES W. HALL, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in Scott 
count}-, Kentucky, near Georij^etown, in 1818. Was educated in that state, 
also in Missouri. Raised a farmer. In 1835, he, with his father, Chas. 
W., Sr., came to this state, locating near Palmyra, Marion county, where 
he farmed for twenty-five years. He was married, in February 184<», to 
Miss Harriet B. Smith, a native of Virginia. They have eight children, 
five girls and three boys: Thomas, Charles W., John, Louise, wife of 
Charles Wise; Ellen, wife of Samuel Oots; Gabriella, wife of Brack Mas- 
terson; Margaret, wife of P. Oots, and Josephine. In the spring of 1855, 
Mr. Hall came to this count}^ and settled at the farm upon which he now 
resides, near Slater. He deals quite extensively in blooded stock, exclu- 
sive of his farming operations. 

THOMAS P. LAIR, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in Russell 
county, Kentuck}^ 1805, where he was reared and educated until the 
age of fifteen. He then went to Garrett county, where he farmed for 
two vears, at the close of which he worked for three years at the busi- 
ness of tanner and currier in the establishment of Benjamin Moberly. 
From there he went to Palmyra, Marion county, and there worked at his 
trade for six or seven years. In 1837 he moved to Shelby count}-, Mis- 
souri, where he again farmed for fifteen years. In 1830 he was married 
to Miss Kittie M. Anderson, a native of Kentucky, by whom he had 
ten children, only three of whom are now living: Elizabeth A. (Mrs. 
Rawlings), Sarah E. (Mrs. Hatfield), Margaret R. From Shelby county 
Mr. Lair went to Knox county, where he farmed until 1867, after which 
he spent one year in Texas, coming to this county in 1869, where he has 
since resided, engaged in the cultivation of a splendid farm. He has been 
a member of the Missionary Baptist Church for more than a quarter of 
a century; is strictly conscientious in all of his dealings with his fellow- 
men, and highly esteemed by all. 

JAMES G."^KEMPER, "farmer, P. O., Slater. Is a native of Fau- 
quier countv, Virginia. Born in 1845. Was raised on a farm and edu- 
cated in the common schools. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate 
army, Capt. James H. Jamison's company, 11th Va. Infantry, under Gen. 
Longstreet. He went out as private, but by his gallant and meritorious 
conduct, he gradually rose, step by step, from the ranks to the command 
of his company, a feat accomplished by very few, in the history of the 
war. He was engaged in the following battles, in all of which he 
acquitted himself with credit: Bull Run, Yorktown, where he was badly 
wounded in the thigh by a minnie ball; taken prisoner and exchanged 
at the end of six months; second Manassas, Gettysburg, Drury's Blufl', 
Fredericksburg, Wilderness, and all other battles in w^hich his command 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 675 

was engaged, until the surrender at Appomattox Court House; after 
which he returned home, and pursued his occupation of farming. In 
June, 1866, Capt. Kemper was married to Diadama Jones, of his native 
county. In December, of same year, he moved to this county, arriving 
with only $10 in his pocket. He took up his residence with Mr. W. W. 
Fields, with whom he lived for ten years. His wife died November 1, 
1879, leaving four children: James Lloyd, John G., Myra W. and Stella 
M. By the indominitable energy which characterized his career during 
the war, coupled with industry and economy, Mr. Kemper is possessed of 
a splendid farm, upon which he may spend the remainder of his days in 
peace and comfort, surrounded by his family. 

WILLIAM WHEELER, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in Gar- 
rard county, Kentucky, in 1805. He attended the common schools of his 
native county until fourteen years of age, when he, with his mother and 
brothers, came to this county, where he finished his education, and served 
an apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade. He has worked at this 
trade, more or less, in connection with farming, during his life. He was 
married in 1830, to Miss Mary Harris, of this county, who died in June, 
of same year. In 1836, he was again married, to Miss Minerva J. 
Thomas, niece of Finis E. Kirkpatrick, of V^ernon county. They had 
two children, one of whom is now living, Elbridge G. Mr. W. accom- 
panied Gen. G. W. Lewis on the expedition against the Mormons. He 
is a pioneer in the full sense of the word, having been identified with the 
interests of this county since 1819. He has watched the progress of 
afiairs with a great deal of satisfaction, and feels the proud conscious- 
ness of having contributed largely to the same. 

JESSE WOLFSKILL, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in this state 
and county, in 1837, on the farm where he still lives. Was educated by 
private tutors. In 1861, he enlisted in the M. S. G., Capt. Brown's company-, 
under Gen. Parsons. While in this command he took part in the follow- 
ing battles: Booneville, Carthage and Wilson's Creek. After the last 
battle he was taken sick and returned home, where he remained until 
] 864, when he re-enlisted in Col. B. F. Gordon's regiment, Capt. Joseph 
Elliott's company, which company becoming too large, a new one was 
organized under Capt. Benj. Nixon, which was joined to Col. Slayback's 
regiment. With this regiment he participated in the battles of Lexington, 
Little Blue, Independence, Westport, Big Blue, Fort Scott, and Newtonia. 
He surrendered at Shreveport in June, 1865, and reached home in July, 
following. Mr. W. was married in 1866, to Miss Ida GilHam, daughter of 
A. W. Gilliam, of this county. The fruit of this union, was four children, 
three of whom are living: Allie, George H., and Judson. He is now 
engaged in cultivating and improving a fine farm, upon which he is gradu- 
ally acquiring a competence. 



67fi HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

JOHN R. LUCAS, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born \ Howard 
count}^, Missouri, in 1829. At the age of six, his father, Washington 
Lucas, came to Saline county, and located about three miles south of 
New Frankfort. He had been engaged in some of the Indian wars. 
Mr. John R. was raised on a farm, and educated under private tutors. 
He was married, in 1850, in Saline count}-, to Miss Sallie Gwinn, daughter 
of the Rev. Abner Gwinn. His wife died in 1876, leaving six children 
living, four being dead. The living are named as follows: Nancy E., 
(Mrs. E. D. Norvell), Wm. B., Abner W., John P., Sarah D., Martha K. 
In June, 1877, he was married, the second time, to Miss Emma Bright- 
well, by whom he had one child, now dead. Mr. Lucas is an energetic^ 
successful farmer, a man of integrity, esteemed by all who know him. 

NEWTON B. ROSS, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in Monroe 
county. West Virginia, in 1844:; was educated at the "Emory and Henry 
College," in Virginia, Prof. E. E. Wiley, president. At the commence- 
ment of the war he enlisted in the command of Major-General Loring, 
King's battalion of artillery. In 1863 he was transferred to Major-General 
Ransom's command. East Tennessee, and in 1864 to Early's corps, Breck- 
inridge's division. He participated in the battles of Knoxville, Lynch- 
burg, Monocacy Junction, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and several other 
skirmishes in the valley. He surrendered at Christiansburg, under Gen. 
Eckles (Gen. Early being sick at the time), in April, 1865. In 1866 he 
entered college, taking a scientific course, and graduating in the follow- 
ing year. Mr. Ross came to Saline county in February, 1875, locating in 
the McDaniel neighborhood. He was married in December, 1878, to 
Miss Kate Graves, daughter of Benjamin Graves, deceased. They have 
one child, Lillian G. In the fall of 1876 he was elected to the office of 
county surveyor, which position he held for four years, a fact which in 
itself fully attests to his ability to fill the office in a creditable manner. 
At present he is dealing to quite an extent in fine stock in connection 
with his farming. Mr. R. is a man of intelligence and strict integrity. 

ELLIS B. PUTNEY, saw-mill operator, P. O., Slater. Was born in 
Buckingham county, Virginia, in 1859. His brothers, Charles F. and 
David, are natives of same state and county, where all were raised and 
educated. Ellis B. and David served an apprenticeship to the carpenter 
and wheelwright trade, at which they worked until the year 1868, when 
they moved to Lafayette county, Missouri, where they built a water-mill, 
on Big Sni creek, eight miles southwest of Wellington. They operated 
this mill three years, after which they worked at their trade for four 
years. In 1875 they came to Saline county, and rented a saw and grist 
mill, which they operated for one year. In 1880 they purchased the mill 
which they are now operating, and with which they have cut over 150,000 
feet of lumber, besides doing considerable other work. Their partner, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 677 

f 

Joseph H.,'Musgrove, was born in Knox county, Missouri, in 1S54, where 
he was raised and educated. In 1874 he came to this county, where he 
has since resided. The father of the Putney brothers, Isaac B., is a 
native of Virginia, where he was engaged in the milling business. He 
came to this state and county with his sons in 1868. December 10, 1835, 
he was married to Miss Nancy Wilson, of Virginia, who died in 1870, 
leaving eleven children: Samuel J., Robert W., Isaac (Jr.), Fulton, 
David, William, Ellis, Charles F., Nancy, Elizabeth, and Virginia. Isaac 
B. has one granddaughter living, Mariah Jetiries. 

JOSEPH H. WOLFSKILL, farmer, P. O., Slater. Was born in this 
state and county, 1821. Was educated in the common schools, and raised 
upon a farm. In 1847, he was married to Miss Sarah L. Watson, a 
native of Virginia. They have five children: Parthena A., wife of Geo. 
E. Woodson, Susan H., wife of Amos Price, Mary E., wife of James 
Garrett, Wm. B., and Jos. D. Mr. Wolfskill owns one of the oldest and 
best improved farms in the county. His father, Wm. J. Wolfskill, was 
born in 1795, in Kentucky. His mother was born in same state, in 1801. 
They came to Saline county, 1817, being pioneers in the fullest sense of 
the word. Mr. W. was a soldier of 1812, and took part in several 
important battles, the battle of the River Raisin among others. He has 
often said that David King killed Tecumseh, who fell dead but a short 
distance from him, and whom he recognized by a blemish in the eye. 
Mr. W. also enlisted in the Blackhawk war, serving during the entire 
campaign. He was married in Garrett county, Kentucky, in 1817, to 
Miss Susannah Wheeler, a sister of Mr. Wm. Wheeler, of this county. 
The}' have had nine children, four of whom are now living: Jessie, Eliz- 
abeth A., wife of Wm. H. Renick, Susan K., wife of Richard G. Eubank, 
and Joseph H. Mr. Wolfskill entered 320 acres of excellent land, the 
most of which is still owned b}' his heirs. He died in 1876, his wife dying 
four years previous. 

GEO. W. LATIMER, farmer, P. O., Miami. Was born in Boone 
county, Kentucky, in 1836. Came to Saline county, when about eight years 
of age, with his father, Randall Latimer, locating where he now resides. 
He studied surve3-ing, with his father, and during the years of 1874-6 
served the county in capacity of surveyor. In 1861, he enHsted under 
Col. Frank Robinson, and was captured at Blackwater, in same year, and 
held prisoner for three months, after which he returned home. In 1864 
he re-enlisted in Shelby's brigade, Col. Williams' regiment. He partic- 
ipated in all of the battles and skirmishes in w^hich his command was 
engaged, during Price's raid. After the close of the war Mr. L. taught 
school for a short time in Texas. He was married in December, 1866, to 
Miss Bettie Bell, daughter of the Rev. Wm. M. Bell, of this county. 
Thev were blessed with four children: Ida B., Wm. R., Edward R. and 



678 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

an infant not named. In the tall of 1872, he went to Bates county, Mis- 
souri, where he engaged in farming and dealing in stock, until the 3'ear 
1874. For a short time previous to this he was engaged in the grocery 
business at Miami. Mr. L. is an old resident has and watched the progress 
and sfrowth of his county with a great deal of pride. 

JOHN WILL WINNING, farmer, P. O., New Frankfort. Was born 
in the city of Arrow Rock, October 27, 1841. Was named after Dr. John 
Long, an intimate friend, and resident of that place. Was raised a farmer 
and educated by private tutors, of eminent abiHty. In 1864, during 
Price's raid, he enlisted in Col. Slayback's regiment, Captain Benjamin 
Nixon's company, under Shelby. Was engaged in the following battles: 
Lexington, Little and Big Blue, Independence, Westport, Newtonia and 
Ft. Scott. He surrendered at Shreveport with his regiment, and returned 
to Saline county. Mr. Winning was elected to the office of justice of the 
peace for Jeflerson township, in 1872, which office he still holds, a fact, 
which in itself, is a sufficient guaranty of his ability to administer justice. 
He was married October 5, 1875, to Miss Elvira M. Woodson, daughter 
of James Woodson of this county. Mr. W. has also held the office of 
notary pubhc, since February 28, 1873; having been commissioned twice. 
Is at present engaged, also, in farming and stock-raising, having formerly 
made a specialty of raising tobacco, which he still cultivates to some 
extent. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, enjoying the confidence 
of all. • 

JOHN WILLIAMS, (deceased), was born in Yazoo count}^, Missis- 
sippi, about the year, 1814. His early life was passed on a farm and in 
acquiring an education. In 1836, he came to Saline county, locating on the 
old Thomas Roger's farm, near Miami. In 1841, he was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Julia Davis, of this county. They have had six children, 
only one of whom is living: Joshua. Mr. Williams was with General 
Lewis in the campaign against the Mormons, in which he was slightly 
wounded in the lip. He died in 1855, and was buried in Chariton county. 
His widow was again married in 1859, to Isaac Ulrey, of Carroll county. 
They had two children, one of whom is living: Andrew. Mrs. Ulrey died 
in 1860, and was buried in Carroll county. Four years later, Mr. Ulrey 
followed his wife to that "bourne from which no traveler returns," and was 
laid beside her. Mr. Joshua Williams, the only survivor of the first mar- 
riage, was born in 1842, in this county, where he was raised and educated. 
In September, 1861, he enlisted in the Federal army, company A, llSth 
Missouri infantry; participated in the following battles: Shiloh, Corinth, 
Atlanta, Bentonsville, Columbia, and many other engagements too numer- 
ous to mention. After the war he returned to this county. In 1865, he 
was married to Lucinda Johnson, of this county, by whom he had two 
children, John L. and Marion C. His wife died in 1869. In 1871, he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 679 

was married the second time to. Sarah C. McLain, of this county. By 
this marriage he also had two children, one of whom is now^ living, Maudie 
A. Mr. Williams is an intelligent and progressive farmer, and a man 
of whom nothing can be said to his discredit. 

JOHN T. RHOADES, farmer and blooded stock raiser, P. O., Slater. 
Is a native of this state and county, born in 1848. Was raised on a farm 
and educated in the common schools. Was married in 1875 to Miss 
Martha Norvell, by whom he had three children, two of whom are now 
living : William B., and Lilian. In addition to his farming, Mr. Rhoades is 
giving special attention to the breeding of fine blooded stock, in the accom- 
plishment of which he will confer a lasting benefit upon the farming commu- 
nities of this and the adjoining counties. Too little attention has been given 
to this specialty, in the past, the consequence of which is that the greater 
part of the stock raised in these days is of an inferior grade, and the efibrts 
of Mr. Rhoades to improve it, deserve the commendation and co-operation 
of all who are interested in stock-raising. 

SAMUEL FREET, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Freet was born 
August 28, 1813, in Woodstock, Shenandoah county, Virginia, and was 
the son of Joseph and Susan Freet. Mr. Freet was a carpenter by trade. 
He came to Missouri in 1842, and settled in Saline county. He entered 
120 acres of land in section 18, township 52, range 19, where he lived until 
his death, which occurred December 17, 1880. Mr. Freet was married 
April 14, 1846, to Miss Maria C, daughter of Edward and Catherine 
Winning, of Saline county. They came from Berkeley count}-, Virginia, 
in 1841. Mr. and Mrs. Freet have five children: Joseph Edward, Mrs. 
Kate M. Rhoades, David Samuel, Mrs. Willie K. Hill, and Thomas W. 
The subject of this sketch was a man who stood high in his community 
for honesty and integrity. 

PHILIP REIDENBACH, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Reidenbach 
is the son of Peter and Elizabeth Reidenbach, and was born February 2, 
1835, in Lelbach, now belongs to Prussia. He came to this country in 
1854, and spent one year in Albany, New York. He went from there to 
Milwaukee, where he remained until 1863, when he came to Missouri and 
settled in New Frankfort, where he still resides, and owns eighty acres of 
good land. Mr. Reidenbach was married 186(>, to Miss Bertie Steften, of 
Milwaukee. They have five children: Robert, Bertie, Otto, Florence, and 
Philip. He was in the Glasgow fight in 1864. Mr. Reidenbach is a 
deacon of the German Methodist Church. 

JOHN KEPPLER, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Keppler is a son of 
France and Victoria Keppler, and was born in 1813 in Vienna. He came 
to this country in 1851 and settled in St. Louis, where he remained until 
1858, when he came to Saline and opened the first store ever started in 
New Frankfort. He still continues in the business, and keeps a general 



680 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

merchandise and drug business. Mr. Keppler was elected assessor of 
Saline county, in I860, on the liberal ticket, and served two j^ears. He 
was postmaster of New Frankfort for twelve years. Mr. Keppler was 
married in 1856 to Miss Jonnie Nicholas, of St. Louis. They have two 
children, Joseph and Charles. His wife died November, 1878. 

JOHN L. HILL, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Hill is a Missourian, 
having been born and raised in Saline county. He is the son of Philip 
and Malinda Hill, and was born February 2, 1839. He now lives in 
section 16, township 52, range 19, where owns eighty acres of good 
land. Mr. Hill was married April 9, 1863, to Sallie E. Ford, of 
SaHne county. They have three children living: Cora Z., Cas- 
sie J., George B. Mr. Hill enlisted August, 1861, with Col. William 
Brown. He was in the Booneville fight, where he was wounded, and 
remained three or four weeks. In August, 1863, he went with Capt. Asa 
Thomson south, and then joined Gen. Shelby's army. He surrendered 
at Shreveport. Ht was in the battles of Westport, Big Blue, Lexington, 
and Mine Creek. 

E. S. Mccormick, p. O., New Frankfort. Mr. McCormick is the 
eldest son of Thomas and Nancy McCormick, and was born March 2, 
1831, in Buckingham county, Virginia. His early life was spent on the 
farm in Virginia until 1851, when he came to Missouri and settled in 
Saline county. He now lives in section 17, township 52, range 19, where 
he owns 120 acres of good farming and pasture land. Mr. McCormick 
was married January 9, 1853, to Miss Luticia Hawkins, of Saline county. 
They have ten children: George T., William H., Mrs Mary F. Bright- 
well, Ethlene M., Lorena A., Susan A., Sarah J., Daniel E., Lucy K., 
John E. Mr. McCormick, his wife and four of his children are members 
of the Baptist Church. Mr. McCormick's father was a soldier in the war 
of 1812. He was born June 1, 1795, and is still living. 

WILLIAM E. GAULDIN, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Gauldin was 
born September 10, 1833, in Prince Edward county, Virginia, and is a son 
of Wm. S. and Mary Gauldin, who came to Missouri in 1837, and settled 
near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Mr. Gauldin now lives in section 15, 
township 52, range 19, where he owns fifty-one acres of good land. He 
was married February, 1860, to Miss Polly Ann Gwinn, of Saline county. 
Her father, Judge M. C. Gwinn, came to Saline count}- about 1816. Mr. 
and Mrs. Gauldin have five children living: Virginia, Mary, Lucy C, 
William, and John. Mr. Gauldin is a member of the Baptist Church. 

R. A. McGUIRE, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. McGuire is the son 
of John and Harriet McGuire, and was born January 2, 1847, in Harde- 
man county, west Tennessee. His early life was spent in school. He 
spent several years of his life in the west and traveling over difi^erent 
states. Mr. McGuire served two years and a half in the Confederate 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 681 

army, in Duckworth's recriment, Rucker's brigade. He was in the bat- 
tles of Shiloh, Missionary Ridge, Harrisburg, and various other skir- 
mishes. Mr. McGuire came to Missouri, in 1874, and settled in Saline 
county. He was married March 3, 1880, to Mrs. Francis Hawkins, of 
Saline county. He now lives one mile from New Frankfort, and is carry- 
ing on a large farm. 

S. N. SMITH, M. D., P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Smith is the son of 
James C. and Margaret Smith, and was born in 1838, in VermiUion 
county, Illinois. His early life was spent in school. He was educated at 
Greencastle, Indiana. He is also a graduate of the medical school at 
Nashville, Tennessee, and Keokuk, Iowa. Dr. Smith began the practice 
of medicine, in 1829, at Natchez, Mississippi. He served in the U. S. A., 
as captain of company F, Fourth Illinois cavalry, for three years. He 
was assistant surgeon in the Seventh U. S. cavalry, for four years. Dr. 
Smith came to Missouri, in 1869, and settled in Chariton, where he prac- 
ticed medicine until 1880, when he came to SaHne county, and located in 
New Frankfort, w^here he still continues his practice. Dr. Smith is a 
man of ability, and enjoys the leading practice of the place. 

W. H. DONOHO, P. O., New Frankfort. The subject of this sketch 
was bom March 10, 1843, in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, and is the son of 
Edw^ard and Sarah Donoho. His early life was spent at school. Edu- 
cated at the Kentucky University. He came to Missouri in 1865, and 
settled in Chariton count}-, and began the profession of teaching. 
Remained there a short time, and moved to SaHne county, where he was 
engaged in teaching and farming, until April, 1881; w^hen he moved to 
New Frankfort and opened a drug store. Mr. Donoho was married June 
13, 1867, to Miss Lavinia M. Garrett, of Saline county. They have 
three children: Fitzwarren, Mildred and Peter Rea. Mr. Donoho was 
elected justice of the peace of Jefferson township, in 1880. He is a mem- 
of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. 

PETER KAUL, P. O^ New Frankfort. Mr. Kaul is the son of Jacob 
and Gertrude Kaul, and w^as born July 4, 1835, in Prussia, Germany. 
Early life was spent at school. In 1854 he came to the United States and 
settled in Milwaukee, where he remained until December, 1857, w^hen he 
came to SaHne county, and settled in New Frankfort. He now resides in 
the edge of the town, and is engaged in farming. He owns about 200 
acres of good farming and pasture land. Mr. Kaul was married October, 
1856, to Miss Mary Reidenbach, of Milwaukee. They have seven chil- 
dren: Jacob, Charles, Lizzie, Mary, John, Lena and Peter. Mr. Kaul 
is a member of the Evangelical Association. Was once mayor of New 
Frankfort. He is a man of energy, and has made a successful farmer. 

JOHN Kx\UL, P. O., New Frankfort. Mr. Kaul was born Novem- 
ber 9, 1832, in Prussia, Germany. He is the son of Jacob and Gertrude 



682 HISTORY OF SAI.INE COUNTY. 

Kaul. Mr. Kaul came to the United States in 1856, and settled in Mil- 
waukee, where he remained until December, 1857, when he came to 
Saline county and settled in New Frankfort, where he has been engaged 
in farming, and selling goods. Mr. Kaul was appointed postmaster Janu- 
ary, 1874, and has held the position ever since. He was married Decem- 
ber, 1865, to Miss Amelia Wrase, of New Frankfort. She died March 
31, 1868. He again married May 10, 1870, to Mrs. Mary Lichtenberg, of 
St. Louis. They have four children: Emma, William, Henry and Joseph. 
Mr. Kaul enlisted July, 1861, in the second Missouri volunteers, U. S. A. 
Col. Shaefer commander. He was engaged in the battles of Pea Ridge, 
Murfreesboro, Chic amauga and Chattanooga. He was slightly wounded 
in the battle at Chattanooga. He was discharged October, 1864. Mr. 
Kaul is a member of the Presbyterian Church, a man of integrity 
and business habits, and enjoys the leading trade of the place. He was 
town treasurer in 1866. 

REUBEN B. EUBANK, P. O., Slater. One of the most successful 
farmers, stock-raisers, and stock-feeders in Saline county. Was born in 
Glasgow, Barren county, Kentuck}', February 9, 1824. While yet very 
young, his father moved from town to a farm near Glasgow, upon which 
he was raised, and where he received his education. Between his twentieth 
and twenty-first year, he entered the store of D. R. Young, as salesman, 
and after about a year, entered the store of Joseph Glazebrook, and 
remained with him four years, and then took charge of a store located 
at a little station called Horse Well, remaining two years. Out of his 
whole earnings as clerk, he laid by the sum of $750, which was the 
foundation upon which he erected his subsequent fortune. He was 
married to Miss Martha Thomson, October 30, 1848, daughter of R. S. 
Thomson, an old settler of Hart county, Kentucky. After a year, he 
moved to Hart county, and lived there five years. In 1855, he moved to 
Missouri, and landed in Miami, March 27. In the following fall he 
bought a small tract of land, which is now included in his present farm, 
upon which he settled in the next \''ear, 1857, and where he has since 
resided. By intelligent energy and judicious management, this farm has 
been increased to 820 acres, and is now one of the finest estates in the 
covmty. The soil is rich and inexhaustible, and the improvements are 
first-class. Besides this farm, he owns another, of 380 acres, equally 
good, and still more valuable, adjoining Slater, an " addition" lo the city 
being located on a portion of it. He also owns about 2,<>00 acres of land 
in other portions of the state. Commencing, as he did, a poor boy, Mr. 
Eubank has reason to be proud of his financial achievements. Before 
the war, he dealt largely and successfully in hemp, but since the war 
closed, his whole attention has been devoted to raising grain, and to the 
raising and feeding of live stock. The war cost him heavily in the way 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. r>83 

of personal property, his farm bein^ literally stripped, but in a short time,, 
everything was restored. His first wife died January 25, 1861, and out 
of a family of five, left three children living. She was a member of the 
Christian church. His second wife was Miss Elizabeth Whitaker, daughter 
of John Whitaker, an old settler of Boone county, Kentucky. She also was 
a member of the Christian church, and died February 27, 1873. She also 
left three children living. His present wife, who was Miss Annie Leeper, 
was a daughter of James Leeper, of Lewis county, Missouri, formerly of 
Kentucky. He has had twelve children, eight of them now living, two 
by his present wife. In 1844, he joined the Baptist church; but on settling 
in Saline, he united with the Christian denomination, in 1859. He was 
an old line whig, but on the dissolution of the whig party, he joined the 
democratic party, to whith he still adheres. There are twelve miles of 
hedge on his farm, and no field larger than forty acres. He operated the 
first horse corn-planter used in Saline, in 1858. 

BENJ. W. GAINES, P. O., Slater; is a native of Boone county, 
Kentucky, and was born February 12, 1832; was raised on a farm, and 
received a good English education. In the spring of 1880, he moved to 
Missouri and located in Saline county, and devoted himself to farming 
and stock raising. He was married on the 19th of October, 1854, to Miss 
Eliza Graves, who died on the 19th of December, 1879. To this union 
were born seven children — all living — Robert O., Lula V., Albert S., May, 
Lillie, Carrie and Gilbert. During the war, he was a southern sympathiser, 
but was not in the army. He owns in this county, a fine, well improved 
farm of 280 acres, with a handsome residence upon one of its eminences. 
His father, James Gaines, was born in Kentucky, and his mother, Virginia 
Watts, was a native of Virginia. 

WILLL\M I. GARNETT, P. O., Slater. A son of Henry and 
Susan Garnett {iiee Skinner). Was born in Burlington, Boone county, 
Kentucky, November 7, 1837. When quite 3'oung his father moved to 
Hancock county, Illinois; and ten years later, to Howard county, Missouri. 
In 1855 Mr. Garnett moved over the river and located in Saline county, and 
has made this his home since. In December, 1861, he enlisted as a pri- 
vate in Capt. Ruxton's company for the Confederate army, and was cap- 
tured with Robinson's regiment oi recruits at Black water, December 19, 
1861, and taken first to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois, where he was 
released on taking the oath, in April, 1862, and returned home. In the 
fall of 1862 he re-enlisted, in company E, Gordon's regiment, in Shelb3''s 
brigade, and was discharged in 1865. After the war closed he spent two 
years on the plains. Since returning home he has been engaged in farm- 
ing and stock-feeding. His home farm consists of 440. acres, two miles 
north of Slater, about sixty acres being timber land. In October, 1869, 
he was married to Miss Carrie Graves, daughter of Joseph C. Graves, of 



6S-J: HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



1 



Boone county, Kentucky, and to this union has been born Kirtley M., 
now living. Both Mr. and Mrs. Garnett are members of the Baptist 
Church. When Mr. Garnett came over to Saline county he paid his last 
cent for crossing the river. In 1S60 he had accumulated $1,800 in cash, 
which was all gone when the war closed. But energy and pluck have 
pulled him through, and he is now in comfortable circumstances. 

JAMES EUBANK, P. O., Slater; was born in Barren county, Ken- 
tucky, April 27, 1833, where he was raised on a farm, and received an 
English education. In 1855, he came to Missouri, and located in Saline 
county, which has since been his home. In 1853 and 1854, he was 
engaged in the drug trade in Glasgow, Kentucky. In Saline, he has been 
engaged in farming and stock feeding; has a farm of 272 acres, with a fine 
residence crowning an eminence. Has 300 acre farm in St. Clair county, 
Missouri, and like his brother Reuben, has been the founder and 
builder of his own fortune; coming to this county with no other property 
than one horse. He was married May 22, 1859 to Miss Mattie F. 
Thomas. They have three children, Minnie, Ann Lee and May, and two 
dead. Mr. Eubank enlisted in the confederate army in December, 1861, 
and was captured December 19, 1861 in Robinson's regiment of recruits. 
Imprisoned at St. Louis, then at Alton, Illinois. Released on taking the 
oath, February 1, 1862, and returned home. In October, 1864, he re-en- 
listed in Nixon's company, Gordon's regiment, Shelby's division and was 
in all the long, running fight of Shelby's division, to N?wtonia. Surren- 
dered at Shreveport, 1865. 

I. N. GRAVES, P. O., Slater. Was born in Boone county, Ky.,in 1830, 
where he was educated principally. His father, Reuben Graves, held the 
rank of major, under Gen. Harrison, in the war of 1812, and his uncle 
Wm. was a revolutionary soldier, and was at the surrender of Cornwallis. 
In 1836, he moved with his father to Illinois, Hancock county, where his 
father died in 1871. In- 1849, he came to this county, and located where 
Mr. Reuben Eubank now lives, which farm he improved; it now adjoins 
the city of Slater. In 1858, he purchased the farm on which he now 
lives, containing then, 1,100 acres, from Dr. Crawford E.Smith. In 1850, 
Mr. Graves was married to Miss Cornelia A. Ingram, of this county, 
originally of Boone county, Kentucky. She died in 1879, leaving five 
children: Clarence, Erasmus, Elenora, Mary and Cornelia. He has 
chiefly devoted his attention to the raising of fast trotting horses. From 
1857 to 1859, he served as deputy clerk, collecting revenue. His farm 
-contains the finest body of walnut and burr oak timber in the county. 

ORMOND HUPP, P. O., Miami. Was born in the city of La Porte, 
Indiana, in 1840j and at the age of three years, moved with his father to 
a farm, and was educated at the Notre Dame College and University, 
South Bend, Indiana. In 1861, he enlisted in the 5th Indiana battery, and 



HISTORY OF SAI.INE COUNTY. 685- 

was in the battles of Perryville, Atlanta, Altoona, and in the Geor<(ia 
campaign was under fire continuously for four months, except three days 
of the time. At the battle of Perryville, he was wounded by a piece of 
shell, which has so disabled him since, that he cannot now perform hard 
manual labor. He was discharj^ed in 1864, and returned home to his. 
native county, and remained there one year. He then came with his 
father and brother to this county, and purchased the Dr. William Lacy 
farm, and settled on it in 1878. Afterwards, he removed to the farm 
where he now lives. In the fall of 1873, he was married, in this county, 
to Miss Laura M. Campbell a native of Tennessee. They have four 
children living: Jesse K., Charles C, Luella and Gertrude. Mr. Hupp's 
attention is largely given to the handling of stock. His farm lies between 
Slater and the river, giving him the advantage of both river and railroad 
shipping facilities. 

Wn^LIAM H. McAMIS, P. O., New Frankfort. Was born in Green 
county. East Tennessee, June IS, 1825, where he was raised on a farm, 
and educated. In 1847, March 6, he was married, in Green count}-, Ten- 
nessee, to Miss Mary McCollum, who died March 9, 1872, leaving six 
children: Louisa J., James E., Martha (Mrs. Hupp), Martin, Florence, 
(Mrs. Hill), and Mary E. In 1862 he enlisted in the army of Gen. Albert 
Sydney Johnston, in Lynch's battery. Got a discharge same year on 
account of physical disabilities. His occupation has been that of a farmer 
all his life. In 1865 he came to Saline county, Missouri, and was married 
again in this county, March 1880, to Mrs. J. W. Norvell, of this county,, 
and has one child: Thomas Harvey. Mr. Mci\mis is farming exclu- 
sively, except feeding a few hogs. 



GRAND PASS TOWNSHIP. 

W. B. HAYS, deceased, was born in Saline county, Missouri, in the 
year 1844, and was educated here. In the year 1866, he was married to- 
Miss Elizabeth N. Andrews, of Polk county Missouri. His children are, 
Anna E., Alonzo C, Alice G., James E., and Walter C. About three 
years ago he went to Colorado and spent one winter there for his health, 
but without success. He died on the 4th of August, 1880, at his residence 
in this county. His widow and family survive him. 

JOSEPH H. HESS, farmer. The subject of this sketch was born in 
Rockingham county, Virginia, November 8, 1814, and was partly raised 
in Albemarle county, Virgmia. He was educated in Virginia, and raised 
on a farm. His father, John Hess, was an old revolutionar}^ soldier, and 
also in the war of 1812, and took an active part in the' battle of New 
Orleans. He served under Jackson to the end of the war. In J 838 J. H. 
Hess came, with others, to Missouri in wagons and carriages, and located 



{JS6 HISTORY OF SALINE COl?NTV. 

in Cooper county. He was married February 27, 1840, to Miss Barthina 
Kelly, a cousin of Captain J. Stephens, who died May 12, 1851, in Mon- 
iteau county, leavdng three children: Mary, wife of Frank Hines, of 
Colorado; Lee, wife of Henry Chrisman, of Waverly, Missouri, and 
Jackson T., now living at Booneville, Missouri. In 1863 Mr. Hess was 
banished to Ohio by the Federal authorities at Tipton, and took his fam- 
ily with him. In 1864 he returned to Missouri, but was again compelled 
to leave, and went to Nebraska and remained eighteen months. He then 
returned and settled in Saline county, on the Hugh Galbraith farm, which 
he sold to Joel Meadows, and purchased the farm on which he now lives. In 
1849 Mr. Hess went to California, and was one of the first to discover 
the Nevada " diggings." His first wife died shortly after his return the 
next year. He was again married March 2, 1852, to Miss Matilda Gist, 
formerly from Kentucky. Mr, Hess is one of Saline's most enterprising 
farmers, handling cattle, horses and sheep. 

W, K. WHITE, farmer and sawyer. Mr. W. K., or as he is better 
known, Mr. Sandy White, was born in Washington county. King's salt 
works, Virginia, in the year 1834, where he was educated. In 1854 he 
went to Jetiersonville, Indiana, and there learned his trade as sawyer and 
engineer, and was there at the time of the " know-nothing " riot in Louis- 
ville, Kentucky. In 1856 he went to Iowa, and lived for a time at Agency 
City, In 1858 he moved to Missouri, and April 3, 1859, he was married 
to Miss Maria L. Gilliam. They have five children: Jennie, Stonewall 
J., Mary A., Hugh G. and Caledonia S. During the war Mr. White 
remained at home, until Price's last raid, in 1864, when he went south 
with his army. In 1868 he purchased an interest in ihe saw-mill near his 
house, on the slough, first w^ith Fackler, then with Givens, and then 
W. K. White & Co. He has sawed and sold about 15,000,000 feet of 
lumber since the war, furnishing lumber for Brownsville, Waverly and 
Malta Bend. He still has a large trade, besides carrying on his large 
^arm, feeding stock, etc. 

JOHN McREYNOLDS, deceased. This gentleman, now dead, was 
born in the state of Tennessee, April 24, 1812, where he received most 
of his education. While yet a boy he came with his father, Jos. McRey- 
nolds, to Saline county, and located where Mr. David McReynolds now 
resides, just west of the Grand Pass Church. Afterward he moved to the 
present home of his widow, Mrs. Lucinda McReynolds. He served an 
apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, in Dover, Missouri. He was 
married October 20, 1840, to Miss Lucinda Meadows, from Virginia. 
They raised the following famil}-: Francis J, (wife of M. R, Green, now 
living in Clinton, Missouri), Logan (who now lives in Iowa), Theophilus 
(who died in infancy), Joseph N,, and Samuel H, (both of whom live 
with their mother in this county, farming), Isaac H, (in Iowa), William F. 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 687 

(who died in infancy), Sarah Isabel (who died at the age of sixteen, in 
this county). Mr. McReynolds himself died of measles in 1859. The 
widow and two sons carry on the farm. 

WILLIAM McNEELY, farmer, section 31, township 51. Mr. 
McNeely was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in the year 1840. When 
but five years old his parents moved to Schuyler county, Illinois, where 
he was partly educated, and was raised on a farm. lie taught school for 
six years, until 1861, when the war broke out, when he enlisted in the U. 
S. A., under Gen. A. J. Smith, with which he remained until the war 
closed. He then went back to Illinois, and remained two years. He 
passed through Saline county during the war, and being delighted with 
the country, he came and settled here in 1868. In November, 1870, he 
married Miss Sarah A. Huston, daughter of John P. Huston, of this 
county. His children are: Clarence H., Bertha B., Hattie B., Bessie H., 
William D., and Charles G. Mr. McNeely now lives on his farm, south- 
east of Malta Bend, and is a successful farmer and stock-feeder. 

JOHN WILLIAM POLLARD, farmer, section 31, township 51. 
Was born in Greenup county, Kentucky, in the year 1847. In 1854 he 
came with his parents to north Missouri, where they lived about thirteen 
years. In 1867 they settled in Saline county, where John was educated, 
and worked at the carpenter's and painter's trades. March 17, 1881, he 
married Miss Lizzie Overstreet, of this county. He is now living on a 
part of the farm of Mr. John P. De Moss. 

JUDGE A. F. BROWN, farmer. Judge Brown w^as born in Buck- 
ingham count}^ Virginia, in 1829. His father moved to Saline county in 
1831, and first settled on what is now known as the old Marmaduke 
place, north of Marshall, and from there in 1832 to the place upon which 
Judge Brown now resides. He was marred in May, 1855, to Miss Ann 
E. Bennette, daughter of Parson Bennette of Lafayette county, Missouri. 
Nine children have blessed this marriage, named respectively: James R., 
Mary E. and Elizabeth L., twins, William S., Laura B., Sarah E., Addi- 
son P., Anderson F., and Royal F., all living. In 1874 he was elected 
judge of the county court for six years, which was changed to four years 
by the new constitution, and he went out in 1878. Strictly honest and 
unflinching in the discharge of his duties, and an unwavering democrat, 
Judge Brown has always been prominent in Saline county. 

JOSEPH R. LUNBECK, farmer. Mr. J. R. Lunbeck was born in 
Chillicothe, Ohio, and came to Saline county in 1866, and settled on the 
body of land then owned by his father in the Pettitesaw plains, and in the 
following year, 1867, laid off the town of Malta Bend. In the fall of 1863 
he married Miss Agnes E. Trislow% of West Virginia. He enlisted 
during the war in the 26th Ohio infantry. The horse thieving element 
gave Mr. Lunbeck some trouble soon after he came to Saline; they 



688 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

attempt to burn his house and do him other injuries, but he persevered 
and triumphed in spite of all difficulties and dangers, and to him, more 
than to any other one man, Malta Bend and the surrounding country are 
indebted for their present agricultural, social and financial prosperity. He 
devoted his attention to farming until 1875, when he went into the hard- 
ware and agricultural implement business. Mr. Lunbeck has four chil- 
dren: Rowee C, the first child born in Malta Bend; Elmer B., Ernest 
R., and Samuel T. Others soon followed him from Ohio, and now quite 
a colony of Ohioans have settled upon the plains in and around Malta 
Bend. 

J. G. DILL, commission merchant, P. O., Malta Bend. The subject 
of this sketch was born in St. Louis, Missouri, October 7, 1846, where 
he was raised to man's estate. After living five years in Tennessee, he 
came to Saline county, in 1875, and settled in Laynesville, on the river, 
two miles from Malta Bend, where he has since continued to conduct a 
general commission and grain shipping business. Since 1875 he has been 
largely identified with Grand Pass township and her farm'ing interests. 
He first clerked on the Star Line boats, but soon settled down to business 
in La^'nesville. He came to Saline a total stranger, but by honest deal- 
ing, mdustry and steadiness he is making an independent fortune. 

MILES H. VANMETER, builder and contractor, P. O., Malta Bend. 
The subject of this sketch was born October 4, 1842, in Kentucky; 
thence he was moved to Illinois, in 1855, and in 1868 he came to Saline 
county, Missouri, and settled in Malta Bend, he being the first carpenter 
that settled in the place. On the 2d of June, 1870, he was married to 
Miss Clara B. Reeves, of Malta Bend. Mrs. Vanmeter died on the 4th 
of August, 1879. He has two children: Harry L. and Jodie C, both 
living. Mr. Vanmeter erected the first house and the first church built in 
Malta Bend, and also most of the first houses built in the town. He is 
at present agent for Halladay's Standard Wind-mills, with which he is 
doing an extensive business. He is a most energetic business man, and 
deserves success. 

G. C. WALDEN. Was born January 1, 1832, in Virginia, and 
removed to Saline county, Missouri, in 1849, at the age of 17, and was 
married in 1853 to INIiss Martha M. Welsch of Saline county. Has eight 
children: Ann Eliza, Thomas C, Sylvester A., A. R., William O., Fan- 
nie, Robert Lee, and Jacob. When he first came to Saline, Mr, Walden 
was overseer on a farm near Miami. The average price of slaves in 
those days was about $900 per head. He then went into the saw-mill 
business, which he has since for the most part followed. In 1875 he 
located a saw mill on the Missouri river, near Laynesville, and did a very 
large business. At present he is engaged in the drug business in Malta 
Bend. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. i)S9 

J. F. COLEMAN, merchant, P. O., Malta Bend. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Miami, Saline county, February 28, 1855. His parents 
were old settlers of the county, and his father's biography will be found 
elsewhere. Mr. Coleman deserves mention in this history for the energy 
and business tact which he has displayed in building up a successful trade 
in groceries, hardware and queensware, under the firm of J. F. Coleman 
& Co., Malta Bend, Missouri. During the past year they so]^ goods to 
the amount of $12,000, and have a bright future before them. Energy, 
pluck, and tact are always sure to win. 

LEOPOLD MORITZ, farmer. Mr. Leopold Moritz, was born in 
Germany, October 1, 1845. He came to America at the age of eight 
years, and was very nearly shipwrecked in the passage over. His father 
settled on a farm in Ohio, where his son helped him until the war broke 
out, when he enlisted in the 67th Ohio infantry, October, 1861, and 
remained with the regiment until he was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, July 18, 1865, and then returned to Ohio. He was in many 
engagements, and was wounded at the battle of Corinth. After the war, 
March 4, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary F. Henness, of Ross county, 
Ohio. In October, 1872, he moved to Sahne county and settled on a farm 
in Grand Pass township, near Malta Bend, and has devoted his whole 
attention to the cultivation of his farm. 

HENRY GERMAN, farmer. The subject of the following sketch 
was born in Loudon county, Virginia, May 13, 1833. In the fall of 1835, 
his father moved to Adams county, Ohio, where Henry was raised and 
educated. In the spring of 1870, he moved to Saline county, Missouri, 
and settled on the farm upon which he now lives, adjoining the town of 
Malta Bend. In 1862 he enhsted in the command of Gen. A. J. Smith, in 
which he continued to serve to the end of the war. Was in many of the 
principal battles of the west, and was at the seige of Vicksburg. Mr. 
German was never married, and has always followed his present avoca- 
tion, that of farming. 

SYLVAN T. WILSON, merchant, P. O., Malta Bend. Mr. Sylvan 
T. Wilson, of the firm of Wilson & Gill, general merchandise, Malta 
Bend, Missouri, was born in Adams county, Illinois, June 16, 1850. In 
the spring of 1871, he removed to Saline county, Missouri, and settled on 
a farm, two and a half miles south of Malta Bend, where he continued 
engaged in farming and stock raising for six years. In 1877, he moved to 
Malta Bend and opened a store of general merchandise, into which, in 
1881, he received Rev. E. C. Gill, as partner. Mr. Wilson has been 
twice married, first, to Miss Mary S. Coast, of Illinois, January 16, 1872, 
by whom he has three children: Herbert, Maudieand Earnest. He was 
married the second time, to Mrs. Ella B. Ritchey, of Apple Grove, Ohio, 

June 7, 1880. 
44 



690 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

JOHN BLOSSER, farmer. John Blosser was born in Pike county, 
Ohio, August 19, 1837. He was a member of the home guards, in Ross 
county, Ohio, when the president called for the one hundred days' men, 
and enlisted in the liOtli regiment Ohio volunteers, under Gen. Dwight. 
He was only in one battle, and was mustered out at Camp Dennison, 
Ohio, September 16, 1864. In 1868, he came to Saline county, Missouri, 
and settled ^n the then infant town of Malta Bend, building a storeroom, 
and engaging in general merchandise. In 1872, he purchased a water 
mill, on Salt Fork, just below Marshall, which he sold again in 1878. 
Was married in Ross county, Ohio, to Miss Mary M. Baker, who died 
September 18, 1875. Was married again September 5, 1876, to Miss B. 
E. Miller, of Malta Bend. Mr. Blosser has had four children: Hattie S., 
Edith and Ethel, twins, living, and one dead. 

REESE McNEILL, farmer. Was born in Pike county, Ohio, on the 
5th of May, 1819. At twenty years of age, in 1839, he moved to Mis- 
souri, and staked out a claim, in Grand Pass township, where he con- 
tinued to live until 1853, when he removed to the farm upon which he at 
present resides, in the same township, about two miles west of Malta 
Bend. Mr. McNeill was in the Confederate army from the beginning to 
the end of the war, being in most of the battles west of the river, and in 
some east of it. He is one of the oldest citizens of this township. On 
the 21st of April, 1850, he was married to Miss Sarah T. DeMoss, who 
died in April, 1862. To them were born six children, all of whom are 
now dead. He has principally devoted himself to the raising of wheat 
upon his farm, and has nearly always had good crops. For many years 
after settling here, he drove cattle to Ohio, and in early times, sold them 
in Ohio at from $7 to $11 per head. Mr. McNeill is an energetic, busi- 
ness man, a whole-souled neighbor, and a gentleman of the old regime, a 
race that is just dying out. During the war, while a prisoner in the 
Gratiot street prison, St. I^uis, he was tried by court martial, and sen- 
tenced to be hung ; the sentence passed before it was discovered that he 
was the wrong man. The right man was his cousin, and he had escaped 
from prison, and was safe in the Confederate lines. 

W. J. McCARTY was born in Ross county, Ohio, November 14, 
1839. In 1869, he came to Saline county, where he was engaged for 
eleven years, teaching school. About 1870, he located in Malta Beiid, and 
became a partner with Mr. S. T. Warren, in the grocery and hardware 
business. Mr. McCarty has been twice married, first, in December, 1863, 
to Miss S. A. Baldwin, who died in 1870, by whom he had two children, 
both dead. May 21, 1874, he was married again to Miss Fannie V. Ber- 
lin, of Saline county. They have had three children, of whom one, Wil- 
liam T., alone is living. Mr. McCart}^ is the present deputy postmaster 
(acting postmaster), of Malta Bend. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 691 

M. W. WALKER, farmer. Was born in Ross county, Ohio, Decem- 
ber 6, 1S47. In 1865, his father came through Saline county, Missouri, 
prospecting, and in 1868 purchased land in Grand Pass township, just 
north of where his son, M. W. Walker, now lives. Mr. Walker first 
engaged in general merchandise in Malta Bend, with Mr. John Blos- 
ser, and continued it for four years. During the past four years he 
has lived upon his farm, and devoted his attention thereto. Latterly he 
has turned his attention largely to the raising of stock. Mr. Walker was 
married on the 12th of October, ISTl, to Miss E. Baker, daughter of Jas. 
Baker, of Malta Bend. Has one child only: Clarence Baker. 

WILLIAM H. LUNBECK, farmer. Mr. Wm. H. Lunbeck was 
born in Ross county, Ohio, and first came to Saline county, Missouri, in 
1849, when there were not more. than five or six improved farms on what 
are now known as the Petite Saw Plains. Scattered Indians were then 
still often to be seen in Saline county. In 1852, his father made some 
large land purchases in Saline. In 1870, Mr. Wm. H. Lunbeck moved 
to Saline county from Ohio, and settled on the old Col. Yancey farm, one- 
fourth mile from Malta Bend, where he still lives. On December 1, 1863, 
he was married to Miss S. C. Carson, of Columbus, Ohio. They have 
five living children and one dead. His brother, Joseph R. Lunbeck, is the 
founder of the town of Malta Bend. 

LAWRENCE NELSON, farmer. The subject of the following 
sketch was born and raised in Illinois, and came to Missouri in 1868. First 
settled in Henry county, w^hence he removed to his home in Grand Pass 
township, Saline county, in 1870. On the' 18th of February, 1877, he 
was married to Miss Kate Miller, of Saline county, by whom he has one 
child, O. T. Nelson. Mr. Nelson has a fine farm, two miles southeast of 
Malta Bend, and is an excellent farmer. His crops last year averaged, 
wheat, tw^enty bushels to the acre; corn, fifty bushels to the acre. 

JOHN P. DeMOSS, farmer. Mr. John P..DeMoss, son of Wm. L. 
De Moss, w^as born in Tennessee, August 6, 1826. When John was but 
five years old, his father moved to Saline county, Missouri, where he was 
raised and received such education as the country schools at that time 
afforded, and he could obtain by his own personal efforts. He has always 
lived on a farm. January 29, 1852, he was married to Miss Mary E. 
Davidson, of Lafayette county, Missouri. He has seven children, four 
daughters and three sons. His eldest daughter, Florence Ella, is married 
to Wesley Fry. The others are, Kate, Anna and Sarah, Wm. M., John 
P. and Charles W. Mr. De Moss is a fine whole-souled gentleman, full of 
old-fashioned hospitality. 

JOSHUA CHAPPELL, farmer. Joshua Chappell was born in Surry 
county, North Carolina, May 2, 1827. His father, Elisha Chappell, 
who was a farmer in North Carolina, having held several county offices, 



692 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and having considerable military experience, moved to Saline county, Mis- 
souri, in November, 1833, and staked out a claim containing about eighty 
acres in Arrow Rock township. In 1835 he removed to Marshall township, 
where Joshua afterwards purchased the land on which the poor farm is 
now located, which he sold to the county in 1860. He was educated at 
the country schools, but principally by his father. He was married 
October 17, 1852, to Miss Millie Moore, of this county, having six chil- 
dren: Sarah H., Lucinda H., Chapman L., John E., Rachael A., Wil- 
liam H. About two years ago Mr. Chappell had a stroke of paralysis, 
which greatly disabled him. His wife is still Hving. 

JOHN A. LEWIS, farmer. The subject of the following sketch was 
born on the 15th of September, 1827. His father came to this county 
with his family in 1836, and John was therefore raised on a farm in this 
county, with the education afforded by the country schools. He served 
in- the Mexican war, in Capt. John W. Reed's Saline county company, in 
the 1st regiment Missouri mounted volunteers, commanded by Col. (now 
Gen.) A. W. Doniphan, being engaged in all the fights in which his regi- 
ment participated. 

F. M. FUNK, farmer. The subject of this sketch was born in Illinois 
in 1853. His father moved to Lawrence county, Missouri, when he was 
but one year old, and there he was raised. In 1871 he came to Saline 
county, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. His occupation 
has always been that of farming. He was married to Miss Annie S. Pol- 
lard, of this county, October 1, 1878. His children consist of Susan A.^ 
Carrie E., and Bettie J. He resides about one mile south of Malta Bend. 

R. M. TURLEY, farmer. Robert M. Turley was born in Virginia on 
the 18th of March, 1850, where he was raised and educated, and pursued 
the avocation of farming until he removed to this state and county in 1871. 
In 1875 he moved to Lafayette county; returned to Saline county in 1878, 
living a short time near Elmwood, and is now living on the old Capt. 
Kiser farm in Grand Pass township. In January, 1874, he was married 
to Miss Arzelia Kiser, and they have four children : Virginia, Arzelia, 
William M., and Catherine M., besides one who died. 

ALEX. C. BICKERS, farmer and building contractor, P. O., Malta 
Bend. Mr. A. C. Bickers was born in Orange county, Virginia, Septem 
ber 14, 1830, where he was raised, received his education, and served an 
apprenticeship at the carpenter trade, at which he has worked both in Vir- 
ginia and in Missouri. He first came to this state in 1858, and remained 
until the breaking out of the war. He then returned to Virginia, and 
joined the Confederate army under Gen. Lee. At the close of the war, 
August, 1866, he returned to this county, and pursued his trade at Malta 
Bend, farming also on a small scale at the same time. September 14, 
1867, he was married to Miss Martha E. Winslow, of this county, for- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 693 

merly of Virginia. Three children: John B., Henry P., and George E., 
are now living to bless this union. 

ADDISON C. POLLARD, farmer. The subject of this sketch was 
born in Kentuck}-, December 20, 1S24, where he w^as raised and edu- 
cated. In 1845 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Payne, of Kentucky. 
His family consists of: John W., James A., Henrietta, Ann S., Andrew 
M., Robert, and Mary C. He came to Saline county from northeast Mis- 
souri, where he had lived thirteen years, in the fall of 1867, in the neigh- 
borhood of which he now lives. 

WM. F. DOWDEN, farmer. Wm. F. Dowden was born in the state 
of Maryland, August 13, 1823. When a boy, his father had formerly 
moved to Ohio, but not liking that state, he removed to Rappahannock 
county, \"irginia, where the subject of this sketch was raised and edu- 
cated. For some years he was overseer on the plantation of Mr. John 
Gett, one of the w^ealthiest men then in Virginia. In 1841:, he made a 
visit to Lafayette county, Missouri, remaining twelve months, and was so 
pleased with the country and the soil, that he moved to Missouri ten 
years later, to Lafayette county, and lived five years with Mrs. Shelby, 
mother of Wm. Shelby, of whom he purchased the farm in Saline county, 
on which he now lives. In 1857, he w^as married to Miss Sarah L. 
Neville, of Warren county, Virginia. His family consists of Henry A., 
Nancy E., Wm. E., Clinton O., Samuel E., Joseph H., Mabel L., and 
Eunice. In the fall of 1861, he joined the Confederate army, company 
D, Gordon's regiment. In 1862, he w^as transferred to Capt. Kirtley's, 
afterwards Stallard's company, Marmaduke's escort. He was in the 
battles of Springfield, Hartsville, and Prairie Grove. Was captured at 
Springfield, but made his escape and rejoined his command. Surren- 
dered at St. Louis in 1865, to the provost marshal, and took the oath of 
allegiance to the United States. He has a fine farm of 340 acres, which 
averages twenty bushels of wheat, and fifty bushels of corn to the acre. 

MICHAEL KELLETT, farmer. Was born in Ireland, in Septem- 
ber, 1846, and emigrated to America with his sister, in 1866, locating in 
Saline county, | Missouri, on Albert Robinson's farm, in Grand Pass 
township, and went to work for Mr. John Roe. In 1875 he went to Ver- 
non county, in this state, but returned to Saline in March, 1879, where he 
has since made his home. In 1876 he was married to Miss Mary Kee- 
nan, of this county. His famih" consists of Annie and Mary. Mr, Kel- 
lett was educated in the national schools of Ireland. When he reached 
manhood he determined to leave his oppressed country, and cast his for- 
tunes in America. 

ADDISON HUSTON, farmer. Was born in Rockingham county, 
Virginia, September 15, 1827, where he received his education and train- 
ing as a farmer, and where he held the office of commissioner of deeds in 



694 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1855. In 1856 his brother George came to this county and bought the 
farm on which Mr. Huston now resides, having purchased from his 
brother. When the war broke out he entered Price's army, and partici- 
pated in the battle of Lexington. He was soon after prostrated by sick- 
ness, captured by the militia, and took the oath, but rejoined Price and 
enlisted in Marmaduke's escort in 1864, and surrendered wi^h it at the 
close of the war. He was married October 25, 1857 to Miss Hannah W. 
Lewis, daughter of one of the old pioneers. His family consists of: 
.Archibald, George, Elizabeth, Addison, James, Robert, and Nannie, all 
living, and three dead: William H., Maggie, and Addie. Mr. Huston is 
a large stock-feeder, and carries on a large farm. 

A. M. CREEL, farmer. Mr. (Sandy) Creel was born in what is now 
West Virginia, June 20, 1820. He attended college at Marietta, Ohio, 
and afterward the State University of Ohio at Athens. He studied law 
in Virginia under private tutors, and for a time practiced the profession 
there. He first came to Missouri on a visit in 1843. In 1849 he deter- 
mined to move to this state permanently, which he did, and located first 
in Lafayette county, and afterward, in 1854, in this county, where he has 
since hved. In 1848 Mr. Creel was married to Miss Selina Poole, of 
Connecticut. His iamily consists of Lieut. Heber M. (now in the U. S. 
A.), Lillie, and May. His father. Dr. David Creel, recently died in Chil- 
licothe, Ohio, at the age of ninety-three years. During the war a brother, 
A. M. Creel, was murdered at his residence, south of Waverly, Missouri, 
by the militia. His farm is on the Waverly and Brownville road. 
Besides farming, he also raises stock for sale. 

DR. G. W. HEREFORD, physician and farmer. Dr. Hereford was 
born in Point Pleasant, Mason county, Virginia, where King Cornstalk 
was killed in 1811. He attended the second course of medical lectures 
ever delivered at the St. Louis Medical College, where he graduated in 1844. 
He also attended, in 1839, the Gyandotte College, at which was Prof. Dod- 
ridge, brother of the famous Philip Dodridge, of Philadelphia. His father, 
John Hereford, was a revolutionary soldier, and served under Washington 
at the battle of Yorktown, and was at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. 
Afterward he was made adjutant-inspector of Gen. Lafayette. He died 
May ]3, 1840, at the age of eighty-eight years. Dr. Hereford was mar- 
ried in 1841 to Miss Susan North, of Kentucky. His children are: 
Sarah F. Clark, Mary Z. Francisco, and Georgetta D. Duggins, all of 
whom are living. He first visited Saline county in 1838, and the country 
looked so fair to him that in 1844 he moved here with his family, and 
practiced medicine until 1860, since which time he has given his exclusive 
attention to his farm. 

JAMES S. VANSTONE, miller, P. O., Maka Bend. Mr. James S. 
Vanstone was born in Brussels, Canada, June 2, 1835. December 22, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 695 

ISaC), he was married to Miss Hester Robinson, of Canada. He has two 
children: Fredrick and Derla. Mr. Vanstone was in the milling busi- 
ness in Canada, before he came to Missouri, and having been engaged in 
it ever since he has been in Saline county, he has, therefore, been milling 
during all his life since he arrived at .manhood. In 1871 he started a 
flouring mill at Laynesville, which he ran for six years, doing a large 
shipping business on the Missouri river. In 1877 he built the Malta Bend 
flouring mill, in connection with his brother, Mr. C. H. Vanstone, now of 
Marshall, Missouri. He is now about to re-fit his mill with new machinery, 
besides which he owns several farms and other property in Saline county. 

F. S. JOHNSON. Mr. F. S. Johnson was born in Clark county, Vir- 
ginia, April 22, 1829. Moved first to Chariton county, Missouri, in 1845, 
and in 1851 to Saline county, locating at Miami, where he conducted a 
hotel, besides working at his trade of carpentering. In 1860 he moved to 
Brunswick, and again purchased hotel property, which was burnt in 1862. 
He then returned to Saline in 1864, and farmed for a year. In 1865, he 
started the Johnson House, in Miami, again, where he died October 15, 
1867. He was married, June 29, 18 — , to Miss Elizabeth F. Shipp, who 
still survives him. Mrs. Johnson, with her son Brown, now reside in 
Malta Bend, and for seven years or more have conducted the Johnson 
House in Malta Bend, Missouri. Mrs. Johnson has two children : Brown 
M. and Flora T., who reside with her, and with whose aid she keeps an 
excellent hotel in Malta Bend. 

JAMES M. LEWIS, deceased. Was born in Bath county, Virginia, 
December 14, 1796, and was the son of Capt.John Lewis, of revolutionary 
memory. He was mostly educated at home, and there being a large 
family, at the age of twelve, he was sent to the Crutchfield school. Fall- 
ing Spring Valley. From there he entered the army in the war of 1812, 
as a substitute, but as it was near the close of the war, he did not see 
active service. He then went to school in Staunton, Virginia, then, until 
he was twenty-one, he traveled most of the time, spending the winters in 
New Orleans. Was in New Orleans when the first train of cars started 
there, and describes an immense crowd, waiting with intense excitement, 
to see them start, and one gentleman who stood beside him, he says, was 
perfectly silent until the train moved oft', and then throwing up his hands 
exclaimed "hell in harness!" At the age of twenty-one he married one 
of the daughters of Col. John Dickinson, of near Milboro Springs, Bath 
county, Virginia. He first settled near the White Sulphur springs, Vir- 
ginia, farming for several years. He then sold out in Virginia, and 
moved to Missouri in 1836, and settled on a fine farm near Miami. Lived 
there about eight years, in which time he lost his Vv^ife and eldest son. 
He and his youngest son moved up to Mr. A. M. Francisco's, and there 
remained until his second son returned from the Mexican war, in which 



696 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

he was a soldier from the beginning to the end. Mr. Lewis then went 
back to Virginia, and there married again, and remained until the great 
civil war was over. He returned to Missouri, where his first wife's chil- 
dren remained, three in number: Mary B., who married the son of 
Col. John Francisco; John A., who married Miss Crutsinger, of Saline; 
Charles S., who married in Arrow Rock, and went to Colorado. Of his 
last set of children, James R. married a lady from Virginia, and settled in 
Texas; William, S. went west; Margaret A. married Mr. Hite from 
Virginia, and lives in Saline; H. C. is in Arkansas, and M. H. is settled 
on a farm in Saline. Mr. Lewis died of paralysis in the Y4th year of his 
age, and was buried in the old family burying-ground of Mr. A. M. 
Francisco near Mt. Pisgah Church, of which church. Old School Pres- 
byterian, he was for many years an elder. 

WHETZEL LEWIS, P. O., Malta Bend; was born in Henry county, 
Indiana, near Knightstown, in 1836, where he was educated and raised on a 
farm. December 4, 1860, he was married, in Jasper county, Indiana, to, 
Miss Eliza A. Bruner, and has had five children — four living — Eda C, 
Elmer E., Mary M. and Linnie M. In 1862, he enlisted in the U. S. army 
and was with the army of the Tennessee, in Sherman's famous march to 
the sea. He was discharged in June, 1865. In 1871, he moved with his 
family to this county, where he farmed four years, and since has been 
blacksmithing about six years at his present stand in the Grand Pass. 

E. F. STEVENSON, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in Franklin county 
Ohio, May 18, 1842. On the 5th of September, 1867, he was married to 
Miss V. E. Jackson, of Xenia, Ohio. He was married in Iowa. He has 
three children: Ella Vanbuskelow, Mont. D. and Minnie E. In 1867 he 
moved to this county, renting a farm for one year. Afterwards, he bought 
a farm of eighty acres near Salt Springs. One year ago he located in 
Malta Bend. 

WHIPPLE S. NEWELL, farmer, P. O., Salt Springs. Was born in 
Duchess county. New York, June 17, 1839. He moved with his father 
to Waukesha county, Wisconsin, where he farmed with his father until the 
spring of 1859; then went to Pike's Peak, and from there to California, 
where he mined until 1865. In 1865 went to Idaho, Montana, British 
America, and back to Montana, where he mined until the fall of 1867. 
In the spring of 1868 came to Saline county and purchased his present 
farm. That fall he went back to Montana, where he remained in the 
mines until the fall of 1869. In 1869 he went to Wisconsin. In the spring 
of 1870 came to his farm in Saline county, where he has since resided. 
He has traveled over much of the western country. Has claims in the 
silver mines of Montana. Was married February 8, 1872, to Miss Alice 
Houston, of Sahne county, by Rev. John Clark. Children: Alice M. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 697 

and Newman H. A member of the Presbyterian church. Owns a tine 
farm of 2S0 acres. 

PATRICK MITCHELL, farmer, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in 
Meath count}-, Ireland, January 6, 1813. Farmed with his father till he 
came to Saline county, in 181:5, when he purchased his present farm. 
He has resided here since, excepting five months in California. 
In 1858 he was married to Miss Mary Malone}', in Saline count}-. 
Children: James, John, Frank, Mary, and Lizzie. Is a member of the 
Catholic Church. Was not engaged in the war, but had his personal 
property impartially devoted to both sides — to the gained and to the lost 
cause. 

THOMAS B. PRIOR, farmer, P. O., Shackelford. Was born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, November 14, 1844. In 1845 his father came 
to Saline county. He was raised and educated in Saline county. Was 
married October 10, 1871, to Miss Kate D, Jones, of Orange county, Vir- 
ginia. Children: William A. and Thomas. In 1864, enlisted in the 
Confederate service under Price, and was engaged in three battles : Lex- 
ington, Little Blue, and Westport. At Westport pedestrianism was in 
order, the blue coats being the champions of the field. He has a farm of 
174 acres of choice land, well improved, etc. 

PETER A. CHAMBERLAIN, farmer, stock raiser and feeder, sec- 
tion 4, P. O., Shackeltbrd. Was born in Canada, near Quebec, April 27, 
1836. His father (Newell) and mother (Lucy) were married sixty-iive 
years, when his mother died, aged seventy-six, leaving a family of sixteen 
children, eight boys and eight girls. His father died a year later, aged 
seventy-eight. At the age of fourteen years he left his father's and 
learned the carpenter's trade. When seventeen years old he came to 
Saline county and followed carpentering for four years. In 1859, pur- 
chased 280 acres of land in section 24, township 51, range 21, and in 1861 
moved to it, and began raising and feeding stock. He never received a 
dollar from his father, but by hard work has been successful; and no man 
in Saline county has a better reputation for honesty. His name is good 
in any bank where he is known. Was married December 7, I860, to 
Miss Mary Langan, of Saline county, by Rev. Mr. Berkley. Children: 
Emily E., John E., Nora L., Newell, Peter A., Mary E., Salina B., Leo 
H. and Lucy L. 

/ DR. W. B. S. LEWIS, P. O., Blackburn. Col. John M. and Mary J. 
Lewis came to this county in October, 1830, from Bath county, Virginia. 
Their children were Jno. H., Dr. W. B. S., R. L., Mary L. (Howard), Addi- 
son, Martha E. (Mrs. Irvine), lolia Sophia, Charles Samuel, all of whom are 
living in Saline, except the last, C. S., who is in California. Mrs. Mary 
J. Lewis and Mrs. Louisa Majors are the only survivors of the colonists, 
who came to this county from Mrginia about the same time. Dr. W. B. 



698 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

S. Lewis, the second son, was born in Grand Pass township, in this county, 
in 1833, where he was raised and educated at the Sweet Springs and at 
Lexington. He studied medicine at Glasgow, and attended lectures at 
St. Louis medical college, where he graduated. Dr. Louis was married 
on the 15th of September, 1867, to Mary Ethel Lewis, who died April 29, 
1880, leaving four children: Charles R., Katy C, John L. and Mary 
Gabrielle. John H. Lewis was in the M. S. G., at the beginning of the 
war, and then enlisted in company D, of Shelby's old regiment, and acted 
as Marmaduke's escort during the rest of the war. Addison Lewis was 
also in the escort company. E. W. Lewis came to Missouri from New 
Jersey in 1836, and died in 1856. 

CAPT. A. J. PICKETT, attorney-at-law, Malta Bend. Is a native of 
Nelsonsville, Athens county, Ohio, born May 18, 1824. When about 
twelve years of age he went to Marietta, Ohio, where he attended the 
primary schools, and also the Marietta College. He afterward attended 
the Ohio University at Athens, from which he graduated in 1844. He 
then read law for three years with Griffin Green, a prominent lawyer of 
Marietta, at which place he began the practice of his profession, in the 
state circuit court, which he followed about one year. In 1848 he went 
to Quincy, Illinois, where he practiced for three years, in partnership with 
Archibald Williams. In 1856 Mr, Pickett went to Jefferson City, Mis- 
souri, where he was engaged, up to the close of the war, in steamboatingr 
acting in the capacity of captain upon several different boats. In 1868 he 
resumed the practice of law, in Jefferson City. In 1879 he moved tO' 
Marshall, this county, and opened an office, continuing there until a short 
time since, when he removed to Malta Bend, where he now resides, enjoy- 
ing a lucrative practice. In 1847, while on a visit to this state, he wooed 
and won for his bride Miss Elizabeth Isler, an estimable lady, a native of 
Pike county. She died in 1865, leaving a family of six children to mourn 
her loss: Edward, Isadora, Linus, George, Theodosia, and Ulysses. He 
was married the second time to Miss Alice Mead, of this county, and 
formerly of Virginia. 

JOHN J. LUNBECK, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in Chil- 
licothe, Ross county, Ohio, August 3, 1815. He received his education in 
the vicinitv of that city, and served an apprenticeship at blacksmithing and 
wagon-making there. He also learned the trade of millwright, which he 
followed in connection with farming for fifteen years. In the year 1839, 
he was married to Miss Mary J. Knox, of Paris, Kentucky, who died in 
1841, leaving one child, James W. H., who also died in 1801. Mr. Lum- 
beck was married again, in 1842, to Matilda Kincaid, of Ohio. The fol- 
lowing children were born to them: Isaac J. K., Mary J. K., wife of Wm. 
Johnson ; Robert S., Francis C, Virgil, Oscar, Edgar B., Naraissa, Matilda 
M., and Charles A. In 1859 he came to this county, purchased land and* 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 6 9 J) 

located where he now resides. In 18G1, being subjected to many " little 
inconveniences" on account of his Union sentiments, hew ent to Carroll, 
Indiana, where he remained until the close of the war, when he returned 
to his farm. He has a nursery in connection with his farm, and to him 
the county is indebted, to a great extent, for the numerous varieties of 
fruit raised. 

JOHN O'NEILL, constable, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in Rock- 
ingham county, Virginia, January 12, 1839. His parents came to this 
county, when he was an. infant, locating on Blackwater creek at first and 
afterwards on a farm on the Petite Saw Plains. Was educated in the com- 
mon schools of the county. In 1857, he went to New Mexico, where he 
remained one year, driving team for the government. Returning, he 
farmed until 1861, when he enlisted in the first company raised in Mar- 
shall, for the confederate service, under Captain John S. Marmaduke, 
afterwards General. After the battle at Brownsville, he re-enlisted in 
Captain Lindsay's company, with which he was engaged in the first battle 
at Lexington. He afterwards connected himself with Captain Kirtley's 
company and took part with them in the fight at Blackwater, where the 
company surrendered, Mr. O'Neill, however, making his escape. He 
then returned home, where he was captured by Captain Ostermeyer, in 
1863. Being paroled, he went to Colorado, where he remained until the 
close of the war. In 1866, he returned to this county, where he engaged 
in farming until 1876, when he became deputy constable. In the same 
year, he was elected constable of Grand Pass township, which office he 
has continued to hold for three consecutive terms, making a record of 
which he may well be proud. 

JOSEPH H. STURGESS, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Born in Clin- 
ton county, Kentucky, December 31, 1851. When seven years of age 
his father, John Sturgess, moved to Henry county, Missouri, and located 
near Clinton. In 1859 he returned to Barren county, Kentucky. He was 
killed in 1862 by the Federals. His widow then went to Clinton county, 
Kentucky, where the family remained until 1869, when Joseph, the sub- 
ject of our sketch, came to Saline county, this state, locating near Malta 
Bend. Mr. Sturgess was married July 4, 1878, to Miss Nellie M. Emer- 
son, of Miami. They have two children : Walter C. and Gertrude. Mr. 
S., by his industry and frugality, has succeeded in establishing a pleasant 
home for himself and family. 

JOSIAH L. F. LUPTON, M. D., physician and surgeon, P. O., Malta 
Bend. The subject of this short sketch was born in Frederick county, 
Virginia, January 5, 1 842. He was educated at the Ann Jerome semi- 
nary, at Winchester, Virginia. At the- age of eighteen he was com- 
missioned first lieutenant, by the secretary of war, C. S. A., and ordered 
to report to Gen. Carson for duty. He was assigned the post of drill- 



700 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

master of his brigade, having been drilled in military tactics for three 
years, while at the seminary, by J. L. Cross, a graduate of the Lexington 
military school, Virginia. ' In this capacity he served for nine months, after 
which he recruited a company and was assigned duty in the Forty-second 
battalion, which was attached to the command of Gen. Robert E. Lee. 
He continued in this service until the close of the war. He fought in the 
battles of the valley of Virginia, and also at Gettysburg, in all of which 
he acquitted himself as a brave and honorable soldier should. He sur- 
rendered, with his command, at Appomattox court house, to U. S. Grant, 
in April, 1865. At the close of the war he went to West Virginia, and 
engaged in the study of medicine, with his brother. Dr. S. R. Lupton. 
In 1866 he entered the University of Maryland, at Baltimore, where he 
spent a year. He then went to the Washington University, at Baltimore, 
where he completed the medical course, graduating in 1868. He then 
entered upon the practice of his profession at Lithopolis, Ohio. Remained 
h6re two years. The doctor then practiced in ditierent parts of the coun- 
try, seeking a good location, until 1875, when he came to Malta Bend, 
where he still lives, having worked up an excellent practice. In 1867 he 
was united in marriage to Miss Mary Louise Blue, daughter of Col. Chas. 
Blue, of Hanging Rock, Hampshire county. West Virginia. They have 
no children living. The doctor is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, res- 
pected by all who know him. 

EDWIN H. RENICK, farmer, Malta Bend. Was born in Ross 
county, Ohio, near Chillicothe, June 7, 1829. Was raised on a farm and 
attended the public schools, also attending an academy in Chillicothe one 
year. In 1850 he came to this state and county, where he has since resided 
until quite recently, with the exception of a few years, spent in Illinois and 
Ohio, during the war. September 2, 1852, he was married to Miss Annie 
Stevenson, a native of Franklin county, Ohio. They have had four chil- 
dren, two of whom are now living: Geo. A. and Straudes W. A short 
time since, Mr. Renick, on account of failing health, rented his farm, sit- 
uated near Laynesville, and moved with his family to Malta Bend. 

DR. JAMES R. BROWN, physician and surgeon, P. O., Malta Bend. 
Is a native of this state and county; born near Malta Bend, March 1-i, 
1856. During the years of 1873 and 1874, he attended the " Randolph 
and Macon college," at Ashland, Hannibal county, Missouri, Dr. James 
Duncan, president, now deceased. The years of 1876, '77 and '78 were 
spent in the Missouri medical college, at St. Louis, where he completed 
the prescribed course in medicine and surgery, graduating with high hon- 
ors, the last year. After graduation, Dr. Brown opened an office at Malta 
Bend, where, by his integrity and strict attention to business, he has suc- 
ceeded in working up a good practice. In 1880 he entered into a partner- 
ship with Mr. Caleb McQuoid, purchasing the drug store formerly owned 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 701 

by H. C. Spencer. He was married September 5, 1878, to Miss Lydia 
S. Miller, daughter of Jacob Miller, deceased. Only nine months of 
wedded happiness were allotted them, she dying June 2, 1879, leaving a 
bereaved husband to mourn her loss. 

LEWIS T. LITTLE, druggist, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in St. 
Genevieve county, this state, March 14, 1853. In 1858 he came to this 
county, with his father, Daniel B. Little, who located on a farm near 
Laynesville. In 1874 he engaged in the drug and grocery trade, at 
Laynesville, which business he conducted for three years, by himself, and 
one year in partnership with A. G. Bailey, to whom Mr. Little sold out 
in 1878. In the same year, he, in partnership with Mr. G. C. Walden, 
stocked a drug store at Malta Bend, in which he is now engaged, having 
a flourishing trade in the town and surrounding country. Mr. Little was 
united in marriage, in 1876, to Miss A. E. Walden, daughter of his part- 
ner, by whom he has one child, Gertrude. He is a man of merit, and 
commands the esteem of the community in which he resides. 

SIMON DOW, postmaster, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born and bred 
in Oxford county, Maine. First saw the light, April 30, 1830. At the 
age of twelve, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he clerked in his uncle's 
grocery store for three years. He then went to Connecticut, where he 
learned the gunsmith's trade, in the shop of North & Savage, working 
here three years. From here he went to Springfield, Massachusetts, where 
he worked m the U. S. armory for several months. In 1852, he went to 
California, remaining there a year and a half, engaged in mining and keep- 
ing hotel. During the next ten years, Mr. Dow traveled quite extensively 
through the south and west, remaining but a short time in any place. In 
1862, he enlisted in the Second Missouri cavalry, " Merrill's Horse," with 
which command he remained until the close of the war. The regiment 
was engaged in the battles of Steele's campaign, from Little Rock to 
Camden, Arkansas ; in those of Price's raid, following him from Indepen- 
dence to Newtonia. After Hood's defeat, he was ordered to Tennessee. 
He was mustered out in August, 1865. In 1874, he came to this county 
locating at Malta Bend. In June, 1849, he was married to Miss Jane M, 
Kinsly, of Kansas, who died in November, 1860, while on a visit to her 
parents in Illinois, leaving one child, Charles G. He was married 
again in Lake county, Illinois, to Miss Sarah E. Kinsley, a sister of his 
first wife, who died at Malta Bend, April 11, 1875, leaving two children, 
Victor E. and Fanny E. Mr. Dow was married for the third time to 
Miss Mary A. Maxson, in February, 1878. He has one child by this 
wife: Clarence H. He was engaged in the grocery business at the time 
of his appointment as postmaster of the office at Malta Bend. 

J. J. SLUSHER, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in Lafayette 
county, near Dover, July 9, 1850. He received his education chiefly at 



702 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the Dover high school; Edward and William White, principals. Was 
reared on his father's farm, one of the largest and best improved in that 
county. In 1S72, Mr. Slusher came to this county, locating near Gilham's 
landing, where he now resides. September 15, 1875, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Sallie Miller, daughter of J. T. Miller, of this county, 
formerly of Ohio. They have no children living. The subject of our 
sketch is the son of Henry Slusher, an early settler of Lafayette county. 
Mr. Slusher deals quite extensively in stock . 

REV. HIRAM HOFF, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. The subject of 
this sketch was born in Montgomery county, Virginia, November 30, 
1821. During his youth, he availed himself of all the educational faculties 
within his reach, after which he acted as overseer upon the farm of a Mr. 
Howard. January 2, 1840, he was married to Miss Susanna Vancil, of 
Union couny, lUinons. By this marriage he had nine children, six of 
whom are now living: Sarah E., wife of Thomas Lynn, residing in Sac- 
ramento City; John W., living in Leadville, Colorado; Martha J., wife of 
William G. Vogt; Lydia C, wife of Grayson Throckmorton, living in 
Butt City, Montana; Mary M., wife of Thomas Davis, and Samuel T. 
Mr. Hoff was twice conscripted b}' the Confederates, being released, how- 
ever, each time, after a medical examination. His son, John William, 
enlisted in the Confederate army. Colonel Preston's regiment, under 
Major General Longstreet. He participated in all of the battles in w^hich 
his command was engaged, while in East Virginia. From Virginia, Mr. 
Hoft' moved to Adams county, Ohio, remaining two years; thence to 
Dodge county, Nebraska, remaining three years ; then to Fremont county, 
Iowa, living two years; from thence to Johnson county, Missouri, residing 
there four years. In 1871, he came to this county, where he has resided 
since, engaged in farming. Mr. Hoff is a clergyman of the Predestinarian 
Baptist denomination, having preached more or less during the last 
twenty-five years. 

§ETH MOORE, .farmer, P. O., Waverly. Was born in Jefferson 
county, East Tennessee, in the year 1826. Was educated in Rutledge, 
same state. At an early age, he acted as overseer on his uncle's farm. 
In 1848, he came to this state, where he remained two years, going from 
here to California, where he worked at mining for four years. In 1854, 
he returned to this state, locating at Camden, Ray county, engaging in 
the commission business. While here, he was united in marriage to Miss 
Mary J. Phleger, of Lafayette county. They have had nine children, six 
of whom are now living: Henry D., Wannie, Robert F., Thomas, Annie 
and Lola.* In 1865, Mr. Moore came to this county, where he is at the 
present time engaged in farming. 

HUGH GILHAM, farmer and commission merchant, P. O., Malta 
Bend. Is a native of Lafayette county, this state, born March 28, 1830. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 703 

A year or so afterward his father and family moved to Tabo Grove, 
where they resided until 1S30, when they removed from there to this 
county. Hugh obtained the greater part of his education at a private 
school, in charge of Col. John Reed, now of Kansas City. In 1860, Mr. 
Gilham, in partnership with Mr. Phleger, started a wood-yard, near his 
residence, situated about seven miles north of Malta Bend, on the Missouri 
river. In 1870 a warehouse was built, after which the place was known 
as Gilham's landing. In 1876, '77 and '78, large quantities of grain and 
stock were shipped from this point. After the first year the shipments of 
wheat increased at the rate of 10,000 bushels yearly. It has now become 
a regular stopping place for all river boats. Mr. Gilham deserves great 
credit for his enterprise in estabHshing this shipping point, thereby open- 
ing up a competition between railroad and river transportation, which 
must eventually prove highly beneficial to the farming community. 

WM. C. PHLEGER, carpenter, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in 
Lafayette county, this state, February 16, 1851. Was raised on a farm, 
and educated in the common schools. His father, David Phleger, came 
to that county in 1828. He died in the winter of 1869. The subject of 
our sketch came to this county June 1, 1872, and has remained here ever 
since, following his trade. He was married September 22, 1875, to Miss 
Maggie Eyers, sister of Mrs. Fred Eyers. They have two children, 
named respectively, David F. and Lottie. Mr. Phleger has contributed 
largely to the improvements at and around Malta Bend. 

GEORGE EVANS, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Is a native of 
Williamson county, Tennessee; born October 8, 1849. When five years 
of age, he came to this state and county with his step-father, captain John 
DeMoss, a soldier of the war of 1812. His father, John W., died in 
Tennessee, of cholera, in 1819. Captain DeMoss first came to Missouri 
in 1824, returning to Tennessee in 1853, afl;er his bride. George was 
educated at Kirksville normal school, attending during the years of 1869, 
1870 and 1871. After graduating, he engaged in teaching for a time. 
March 4, 1877, he married Miss Eliza A. Humphreys, Johnson county. 
At present he is engaged in farming. 

THOMAS J. WILSON, farmer, P. O,, Waverly. Was born near 
Terre Haute, Indiana, April 22, 1852. His father, Sidney Wilson, went 
to Kansas in 1855 where he remained ten years, farming. In 1865, he 
removed to Brownsville, Nebraska, where Thos. J. received his education. 
They came to Lafayette county in 1867. Here Sydney died in 1878. 
Thos. J. was married March 15, 1876, to Miss Nannie Humphreys, a 
daughter of Mr. Haywood Humphreys. They have one child, a daughter: 
Daisy Rowena. Mr. Wilson is engaged in farming the GiUiam place. 

JAMES V. STIVERS, farmer, P. O., Waverly. Son of Sanford and 
Elizabeth Stivers, was born in Jackson county, Missouri, April 1, 1859. 



704 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

While James was still young, his family moved to Lexington and located on 
a farm. James was reared and educated here. His father and brother, 
William D., entered the Federal army during the late war. The former 
was drowned on the Missouri river by the sinking of a gunboat. The 
latter is living at the present time in Kansas City. His mother was buried 
in 1872. April 19, 1880, he was married to Mattie M. Slusher, daughter 
of A. J, Slusher, of Lafayette county. He moved to this county during 
the same year, locating on a farm, where he has lived ever since. 

HENRY BURNS, farmer, P. O., Waverly. Son of Oliver and Lucy 
Burns, now living at Higginsville, was born in Lafayette county, Mis- 
souri, June 10, 1852. In the following year his father moved to St. Louis, 
and engaged in a commission business in partnership with Samuel Cram- 
mel. At the end of three years he removed to Carroll county, and 
became engaged in general merchandising. Four years later he came 
to this county, and purchased a farm, moving to it in 1860. In the 
spring of 1862, he moved to Waverly, where Henry received his educa- 
tion, the facilities for which that place is particularly noted. Mr. Burns 
lost three of his sons here, they" falling victims to that terrible disease 
called spinal meningitis. Henry came to this county in 1875, located 
upon a farm, where he has continued to reside since. December 1, 1880, 
he was married to Miss Bettie Miles, daughter of Col. Oscar Miles. 
Starting with good prospects, there is not the least doubt but that, with 
his energy and reputation, he will be successful in life. 

ALBERT WHETSLER, farmer and mill operator, P. O., Malta 
Bend. Now living in Miami township, near Laynesville, is a native of 
Franklin county, Indiana; born in the year 1852. His early life was spent 
on a farm and in obtaining an education. At the age of thirteen, he came 
with his father's family to this state and county, where he has continued 
to reside up to the present time. In 1872, he was married to Miss Lizzie 
Myers of this county. They have three children : William, Maudie M., 
and Charles. In the fall of 1880, Mr. Whetsler purchased the saw-mill 
which he is now engaged in operating, located about one half mile from 
Laynesville. His farm, which he cultivates in addition to his other busi- 
ness, is situated near Malta Bend landing. 

WILLIAM NYE, farmer, P. O., Laynesville. Was born in Ross 
county, Ohio, in 18-12. Was raised on a farm and educated in the public 
schools. In 1853, his father, George Nye, moved with his family to this 
state and county, and settled on a farm, near Laynesville. In 1862, Wil- 
liam enlisted in the 71st regiment, E. M. M. Was afterwards transferred 
to the provisional regiment, and finally became a member of the Saline 
county home guards, in which service he remained until the close of the 
war.» January 13, 1867, he was married to Miss Maggie McKown, of 
Marshall. They have five children, all living: Carrie L., John G., Clara 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 705 

B., Lewis O., and William L. Mr. Nye is located on a farm near Lavnes- 
ville. He is a thrifty and an industrious farmer, giving considerable 
attention to the raising of stock. 

WILLIAM DYE, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Was born in Law- 
rence county, Indiana, October 26, 1857. When seven years of age, his 
father moved to Jasper county, Illinois, residing there eight years. 
Received the greater part of his education there. In 1S71, he came to 
Vernon county, this state, remaining there six years. He then spent one 
year at Fort Scott, Kansas. In 1S79, he came to this county, where he 
has ^ince resided, cultivating a farm, belonging to the " Nudle's " heirs. 
He is an industrious business man, respected in the community in which 
he lives. 

JOHN WHETSLER, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Is a native of 
Green county, Pennsylvania, born in the year 1824, April 8. Was 
brought up on a farm. He was united in marriage to Miss Mary Mon- 
roe, in the year 1848, she being a native of same state and county. They 
became parents of four children, three of whom are now living: Albert, 
Carrie and George. In the year of his marriage, he moved to Franklin 
county, Indiana, where he lived until the fall of 1865. From there he 
moved to this state and county, locating on the farm where he now resides, 
near Laynesville. 

B. W. MARCUM, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Is a native of Johnson 
county, this state. Was born May 16, 1840. He was educated at Chapel 
College. Was raised on a farm. In 1859, he married Miss Elizabeth 
Hull, of same county, a native of Kentucky. She died in the spring of 
1861, leaving an infant, which died a short time after. In 1862, he was 
again married, to Miss Harriet B. Hanley, of Saline county, and a sister 
of Messrs. John and Joseph Hanley, of same county. His family consists 
of nine children, eight of whom are now living: Sallie D., wife of M. H. 
Stafford; Edmond E., John W., Kate D., Samuel F., Archibald C; Hattie 
May and Mattie M., twins. In the same year of his marriage he went 
south with Gen. Shelby, returning shortly after, on detailed duty, which 
consisted of carrying dispatches to Quantrell, whom he joined at that 
time, remaining with him until the fall of 1864. From this time up to 
1867, he traveled through the north and west, engaging in the livery busi- 
ness for a short time in Keokuk, Iowa, and in wagoning while on the 
plains. He then returned to Johnson county, sold his farm and moved to 
this county, where he has resided since, engaged in farming. 

JAMES A. TOBIN, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. The subject of this 

sketch was born in Rappahannock county, Virginia, in 1847. In 1848 his 

father, Benjamin, and family went to Hocking county, Ohio, where they 

lived until 1866, when they moved to Ross county, same state. James A. 

45 



706 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

received his education in Hocking county; was reared on a farm. In 
October, ISTT, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary B. Kelly, of Ross 
county, by whom he had two children: Samuel C. and William B. In 
1873 Mr. Tobin came to this state and county, locating on a farm about 
one and one-half miles north of Malta Bend, where he has resided ever 
since. 

WILLIAM B. JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Is a native 
of Hardy county, Virginia; born April 21, 1832. His early life was spent 
on a farm and in attending school. His father went to Ohio in 1842, 
where he remained until 1860, when he moved to this state with his whole 
family, wath the exception of William B.,' who came here in 1866, locating 
near Malta Bend on the farm of Mr. George Davis. In the year 1859 
he was united in marriage to Melinda Armstrong, a native of Pike 
county, Ohio. His wife died in July, 1864, leaving two children: Mary 
J. and Clarissa C. In 1865 he was again married, to Miss Jennie M. 
Pinkerton, a daughter of Thomas Pinkerton, who is a brother of Messrs. 
Collin and William Pinkerton, of this county. Two children were born 
to them: Elizabeth O. and T. J. His second wife died in 1868. In Sep- 
tember, 1870, he w^as married for the third time, to Miss Alice C. Collins, 
of this county, originally from Virginia. Mr. Johnson is a large land- 
owner, and deals quite extensively in stock. The farm upon which he 
resides is one of the oldest and best improved in the county. 

JAMES RANDOLPH, deceased. Was born in New^ Jersey 
May 22, 1819. His father, Jacob, moved with his family to Chariton 
county, Missouri, while the subject of this sketch was quite 
young. He settled near Old Chariton, w^here he resided for a few^ 
months, finally removing to this county, locating on a farm. James w'as 
educated in the common schools of this county. In 1857, he married 
Miss Elizabeth Van Meter, daughter of Jacob Van Meter, and a native 
of West Virginia. Three children were born to them, two of whom are 
now living: Alfred, and James. Mr. Randolph died December 2, 
1868. His wddow, with her two sons, is still Hving on the home place 
and is cultivating the farm. 

WM. E. STURGESS, farmer, P. O., Malta Bend. Is a native of 
Clinton county, Kentucky, born March 9, 1845. He lived in this county 
until tw^elve or thirteen years of age, receiving his education principally 
from the tutorage of Prof. Jesse P. Murrell. Was reared on a farm. In 
1861, he enlisted under the command of Brigadier General John C. 
Breckenridge. (For further information see Soldiers' Record). Having 
received an honorable discharge, he returned to care for his mother, his 
father having been killed by the Federals during the war. In 1864, he 
moved to Glasgow, Barren county, Kentucky. In 1867, he came to this 
state and county, where he has resided since. July 4, 1869, he was mar- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 707 

ried to Mrs. Mary V. Payne, nee White, widow of Cyrus D. Payne. 
They have four children, all living: Olive, John W., Alice E., and 
Franklin H. 

V GENERAL G. W. LEWIS, deceased. The subject of this brief 
sketch was born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, in the early 
part of the present century. He obtained his education in the com- 
mon schools, and spent his life in following agricultural pursuits. He was 
united in marriage to Harriet Duft', November 10, 1825. They had 
twelve children, five of whom are now living: Edwin H., Daniel W., 
Kenny, Fannie and MoUie. In the fall of 1830, he, with his family, moved 
to this state and county, locating in Grand Pass township. He was 
appointed brigadier general of the district state militia, during the admin- 
istration of Governor Boggs. He took quite a prominent part in driving 

the Mormons out of Clay county, this state, in the year , afterwards 

returning to his farm. He was also in command at the breaking out of 
the Mexican war, but was not called into the field. At the time of his 
death, which occurred September 10, 1856, he was the owner of 640 acres 
of land, upon which he resided. He lies buried on the farm of Major 
William Lewis. 

A. J. McROBERTS, farmer, P, O., Malta Bend. Was born in Ross 
county, Ohio, 1830. Was raised on a farm and educated in the common 
schools. He carne to this state and county in 1856. In 1860, he was 
married to Miss Mary Sisk, of Pickaway county, Ohio. His family con- 
sists of seven children: Nannie V., Benjamin L., John D., Alex H., 
Ernest, Grace and Andrew. Mr. McRoberts is a man of influence in the 
neighborhood in which he resides, and takes quite a prominent part in 
public affairs. 

WILLIAM H. HANDLEY, farmer and sawyer, P. O., Laynesville. 
Was born in Greenbriar count}', Virginia, December 12, 1836. When 
about five years old, moved with his parents to Hawkins county, Ohio, 
stopping onl}' one year, and then moved to Callaway county, Missouri, 
where they lived five years. They then moved Independence, in Jackson 
count}', and lived there two years, the next move was to Saline county, 
where they have lived since. He was raised mostly on a farm. He was 
married April 2, 1859, to Miss Mary F. Godman, and to them have been 
born one son, William A., living, and two daughters, dead. In the 
autumn of 1862, Mr. Handley enlisted in the Confederate army, and served 
until the war closed, 1865. Was never wounded. Since the war, he has 
been mostly engaged in sawing, being head sawyer for twelve years, and 
running his own mill for the last four years. Is now engaged in farming. 

ANDREW G. BAILEY, P. O., Laynesville. Mr. A. G. Bailey, the 
chief merchant in the town of Laynesville, was born in Abingdon, Wash- 
ington county, Virginia, October 12, 1840, where he was reared; and was 



708 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

educated at Mossy Creek Baptist College, East Tennessee. In 1860 he 
went to Knoxville, Tennessee, and engaged himself as hotel clerk until 
1861, when he was employed as sutler in the 4th Tennessee regiment, C. 
S. A. In 1862 he enlisted in company K, 64th North Carolina regulars, 
C. S. A., and was made orderly sergeant at the organization of the com- 
pany. Was promoted step by step, until he reached the captaincy of the 
company. He was captured in December, 1864, near Warm Springs, on 
the state line between North Carolina and Tennessee, taken to Fort Dela- 
ware. He was released on parole June, 1865, and returned home, the war 
being over. In 1866, he came to this county, and it has since been his 
home. He settled in Laynesville in 1869. He was first clerk in one of the 
warehouses, and then steamboat clerk for about one year. For two years 
he was constable of Grand Pass township. For several years he has 
been in the grain commission business, carrying also a general stock of 
merchandise, and the postmastership. Mr. Bailey has stuck by Laynes- 
ville, though many business men have deserted it in consequence of the 
high waters. He is now doing a good business, and clearing as much 
money, perhaps, as any business man in the county, unless the floods of 
this current year of 1881, have again given him a serious backset. He was 
elected justice of the peace for Grand Pass township in 1874, and in 1876 
declined a re-election. In 1875 he was married to Mrs. Nannie W. Mor- 
ris, widow of George Morris, deceased. Mrs. M. is a daughter of Isaac 
Wade, late of this county. They have two children : Charles Cole, and 
Florence, both living. Mr. Bailey is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member 
of thel. O. O.F. 

WILLIAM HOWERTON, was born in Adams county, Illinois, 
about the year 1830. His occupation there was farming. With his 
parents he lived alternately in Missouri and Illinois during his childhood 
until his eighteenth year, when he settled permanently in Saline county, 
having been raised principally in this county and Pettis. He was married 
in November, 1863, to Miss Elizabeth Smith, a native of Jackson county, 
Missouri. They had but one child: William. Mr. Howerton was killed 
October 18, 1864, near his residence in Grand Pass township, an account 
of which will be found elsewhere. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 709 



LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN M. RIGGINS, P. O., Herndon. Was born near Jefferson City, 
in Cole county, Missouri, in 1S27, and in 1851 married Miss Eliza Henly, 
daughter of John Henly, formerly of Cole county, now dead. He was 
raised in Cole count}- and lived there until 1858, and then moved to V"er- 
non county. In 1S63, he moved to Arrow Rock, in this county, where he 
stayed until the war closed, and then returned to Vernon county. In 1866, 
he sold out in Vernon, and moved to the vicinity of Herndon, in this county, 
where he is permanently settled, and engaged in farming and stock feeding. 
Hejias had eleven children, nine of whom are living: Thomas M., in Col- 
orado; J. T., at home; Elizabeth B., wife of T. S. Huston, of Herndon; 
John P., Cora L., William H,, Josephine, California, Pinkie, Marvin, all 
at home. Mr. Riggins is a member of the M. E. Church, South; of the 
Masonic lodge, at Herndon, and of the I. O. G. T. lodge, at Herndon. 
He started in life with nothing, and has now a fine, well-improved, well- 
stocked farm of 130 acres of land. In 1861, he joined the Missouri state 
guard as a lieutenant. Quit the service at the end of his time, six months, 
and did not join either army afterwards. His father, James Riggins, was 
one of the earliest settlers of this county; settled where Waverly now 
stands; first, in 1819, where he assisted in building a block-house, and then 
moved to old Franklin. Was a carpenter by trade, and a farmer from 
choice. 

CHARLES BISHOP, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Pulaski county, 
Kentucky, in 1840, where he lived until 1851, when he moved to Pettis 
county, Missouri, with his widowed mother, and stayed there until 1862, 
when he married, and moved to this county. He married Miss Mary C. 
Masters, daughter of Harrison Masters, of this county. He has had five 
children, four of them now living: Laura M., Mattie P., William T., John 
S., all now at home on the farm. Mr. Bishop is a member of the M. E. 
Church South, with membership at Bethel. During the war he was at 
home most of the time; served for a month or two in the militia at Mar- 
shall, in Capt. Corum's company. Col. Wilson's regiment, Tlst E. M. M. 
He had little when he started in life, and now, by good management and 
industry, has an excellent farm of 200 acres. 

WILLIAM J. HERNDON, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Madison 
county, Kentuck}', in 1827, and came to Missouri with his parents in the 
fall of 1830. His father was born in Virginia, and moved to Kentucky 
in 1813, and then to Missouri in 1830, and settled in Cooper, not far from 
the line of Saline, and lived there until his death, 1873. The subject of 
this sketch lived in Cooper county until 1853, when he mo\'ed to this 
county and bought eighty acres of land, part of the farm he owns and 



710 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

lives on at present, and has lived there ever since. He was married in 
1853, to Miss Mary E. McMahan, daughter of S. W. McMahan, of 
Cooper county. He has had thirteen children, nine of whom are now 
living: Susan F., wife of R. P. Mathias; John T., Harriet E., Martha 
E., wife of T. M. Fisher; Lucy C, William T., Leveret, Benjamin W., 
Delia Maud, all living in Liberty township at this time. Mr. Herndon is 
a member of the Baptist Church, and has been a member for twenty 
vears. He is also one of the charter members of Masonic lodges in Mar- 
shall and Herndon. Except about three years engaged in merchandising, 
he has followed farming all his life. During the war he joined neither 
army, but lost fourteen good horses and other personal property, all the 
same. Mr. Herndon started in life without capital, but by dint of work 
and good management has now a farm of 400 acres of finely improved 
land. He has also an interest in the old home place in Cooper. Mrs. 
Herndon died in 1877. 

WILLIAM G. BOATRIGHT, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Boone 
county, Missouri, in 1830, and at an early age moved with his parents to 
Cooper county, then to Howard county, and finally to Saline county, in 

1840, and settled near Arrow Rock. In 1844 the stress of waters drove 
him out of the bottom on to the prairie. He next moved to the vicinity 
of Miami, where he lived until 18.57, when he moved to the place on 
which he now lives. In 1857 he was married to Miss Fannie Buie, 
daughter of Daniel Buie, a C. P. preacher, said to have been the first in the 
state. He has ten children, all living: John W., Lewis, Finis H., George F., 
Mary F., Charles R., Annie, Inez, Callie and Leslie. Mr. Boatright is a 
member of the M. E. Church, South, with membership at Hazel Grove 
church. During the war he entered the Confederate service, in Marma- 
duke's escort, and then in the 10th Missouri cavalry. He started in life 
with nothing, but by his industry and management has now a fine farm of 
200 acres, well stocked and improved. 

HARDIN WITCHER, P. O., Herndon. Was born in this county in 

1841, on a farm, and lived there until he was twenty-four years old. He 
then moved to the farm near Herndon, on which he now lives. In 1861 
he married Miss Martha F. Ramsey, daughter of H. Ramsey, formerly 
of this county, and was murdered in Pettis county, in 1865, by militia. 
He has five children: Minerva E., Edward, Ethor, Ada and Ida, all living 
at home. Mr. Witcher is a member of the Christian Church, at Antioch 
church, and a member of the Masonic and the I. O. O. F. lodges, in 
Herndon. During the war he joined Gen. Marmaduke's escort company 
a private, in the Confederate service, and was at the battles of Lexington, 
Little Blue, Independence, Westport and Newtonia, and after Marma- 
duke's capture the company acted as escort to Gen. Clark to Texas, and 
surrendered at Skipper's landing, on the Mississippi. Was one of the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 711 

three who fired the first guns at the Meries De Cygnes. In 1874 and '75 
went to Colorado and New Mexico for his health. He is now engaged 
in breeding Cotswold sheep, and takes great interest in fine stock gener- 
ally. Has made all he has by his own energy and industry. 

RICHARD KEETH, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Lafayette 
county, Missouri, in 1849, and came, with his parents, to Saline county, in 
1850. They first settled south of Herndon, where he now lives. He has 
been engaged in farming all his life. On the 29th of December, 1869, he 
married Miss Mary Frances Elliott, of Saline county. He has five chil- 
dren : Ada* Lee, Benjamin F., Daisy, Olie Myrtle, and the baby. His 
farm contains 100 acres of fine land, well-improved. His father, Isaiah 
Keeth was born in Edmonson county, in 1827, and came to Saline county 
in 1847, and in 1850 entered eighty acres of land, near Herndon, where 
he now lives. He, the old gentleman, is the father of six children, of 
whom the eldest is the subject of this sketch. 

ISAAC HAMILTON, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Boyle county, 
Kentucky, in 1833, and lived there until 1849, when he came with his 
father to Howard county. His father left him with relations in Howard 
count}^, and went on to California, where he died in 1854. He 
lived in Howard county until 1871, on a farm, and was an overseer 
for fifteen years after he became of age. In 1871 he came to this 
county, first locating on the old Gilchrist farm; then, in the spring of 
1 874, on the farm where he has lived to the present time. Mr. Hamilton 
is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, having joined the same while 
living in Howard county. He had no start in life; and all he has he has 
made by his own industry and perseverance. In 1867, he married Miss 
Lizzie A. Pierce, of Howard county, Missouri. He has had six children, 
four of them now living: Marie Belle, John Henry, Leona, Charles 
Richard — all of them at home. During the war he joined the southern 
army — Poindexter's command — and was at the battle of Silver Creek, and 
several others. Surrendered in 1865. He was also in the Kansas war of 
1856, and had some pretty hard times. 

FRANCIS M. CHRISTY, P. O., Herndon. Mr. Christy was born in 
Lawrence county, Illinois, in 1831, where he was raised on a farm and 
lived until 1861. Worked on a farm until he was twenty-one, then entered 
a store as salesman. In 1861 he went to St. Louis, where he attended a 
commercial school. He went to Washington City, where through his 
uncle, he got employment as collector on a ferry. His uncle, Andrew 
Christy, one of the early residents of St. Louis, and largely interested in 
the Wiggins Ferry Company, died about this time, leaving an estate of 
nearly one and one-half millions of dollars, and being one of the executors, 
he returned, of course, to St. Louis. In 1871 he was elected a director of 
the ferry company, and, except one year, remained one until 1880, when 



712 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

he moved to this county and located on a farm . In 1863 he married Miss 
Margaret M. Carr, daughter of Wm. C. Carr, of St. Louis, who was also 
connected with the ferry company for some years. Mr. Christ}'- is the 
father of nine children: Franc C, Halley W., Rose Lee, Elsie May, Ver- 
non, Gregg Bemis, William Andrew, Douglas, Margaret, and the baby, 
who are all at home, at the farm in this county. He is a member of the 
Old School Presbyterian Church, membership at Dr. Brook's church in 
St. Louis. The farm is large and well improved, and in the manage- 
ment of it, Mr. Christy proves he has not forgotten his early training. 

WILLIAM H. FENWICK, Fenwick & Surbaugh, P. ©., Herndon. 
Mr. Fenwick was born and raised in Cooper county, Missouri, in 1840, 
and moved with his parents to this county in 1849. His father was born 
in Maryland, and was a graduate of Georgetown College, D. C. Came 
to Missouri in 1835, and surveyed a great portion of Cooper county, and 
a good portion of this county. In this county he was county surveyor for 
a number of years. Was justice of the peace and notary public at Arrow 
Rock for twenty years. The subject of this sketch received his education 
from his father, who was a fine Greek and Latin scholar. He has filled 
the offices of justice of the peace, and of constable, at Herndon, for nine 
years. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and a 
member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. lodges at Herndon. He was 
married in 1862 to Miss Mary J. Brownlee, daughter of A. Brownlee, of 
this county. Has had seven children, six of which are now living: Eleanor, 
William, Florence, Enoch, Charles, and Elizabeth. He made all he has 
by his own industry. Has farmed most of his life, but is now engaged in 
business at Herndon. During the latter part of the war he went to Mon- 
tana, engaged in mining for two years, and then returned to his present 
location in Herndon. 

JAMES H. FAULCONER, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Nicholas- 
ville, Jessamine county, Kentucky, in 1830, and moved at an early age, 
with his parents, to Fayette county, Kentucky, and lived there until he was 
fifteen years old, when he moved with his father to Missouri, and settled in 
Pettis county, near Longwood,where he learned his father's trade, that of a 
blacksmith. In 1850, he married Miss Elizabeth Moore, daughter of 
Nathan Moore, who died in the same year. He lived in Pettis county 
until 1857, and then moved to Jolinson county and lived there until 1861. 
In 1861, he moved to this county and bought a farm near Blackwater, 
but he was soon broken up with security debts, and wjjs in the army dur- 
ing the war. After the war, he removed to Pettis county, but got into 
trouble with his landlord, and went to Lafayette county, then to Texas, 
then to Kansas, and finally back to Saline county. He is the father of 
eight children: William Harrison, living near Herndon; James Edward, 



1 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 713 

John p., in Colorado; George, Jeff. Davis, T. F., Sarah F., and Mary E., 
all at home. 

THOMAS W. TAYLOR, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Taylor was 
born December 5, 1834, in Saline county, Missouri, and is the son of 
Thomas and Maroraret Taylor. His early life was spent on a farm. Mr. 
Taylor has been engaged in farming all his life. He now lives about live 
miles east of Brownsville, where he owns a good farm of 245 acres. 
Mr. Taylor was married December — , 1857, to Miss Julia A. Coy, of 
Saline county. They have six children, James H., Margaret E., Ida J., 
Virginia A.j Sarah May and Thomas J. Mr. Taylor enlisted in 1862, in 
M. S. M., in Captain Ben Wilson's company. Col. John F. Phillip's regi- 
iment. He was discharged April 15, 1865. He was in the battles of Jef- 
ferson City, Marshall, Big Blue, Mine Crtek and Pine Bluff. 

JAMES M. WILLIAMS, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Williams is the 
son of Lemuel B. and Attry Williams, and was born November 28, 1838, 
in Christian county, Kentucky. When a small boy his parents came to 
Missouri, and settled in Pettis county in 1841, and remained there until 
1844, when they settled in Saline count}-. Mr. Williams now lives about 
six miles east of Brownsville, where he has about 150 acres of good farm- 
ing and timber land. Mr. Williams was married March 28, 1858, to Miss 
Elizabeth Haley, of Saline county. They have seven children: Mrs. 
Mary Eustacia, Artamecia A., Ida May, Charles Edgar, Lemuel, Leon- 
ard and Sophronia. 

MONROE KEETH, P. O., Herndon. Mr. Keeth is the son of Isaiah 
and Polly Keeth, and was born February 8, 1852, in Lafayette county, 
Missouri. His early life was spent on a farm. Came with his parents to 
Saline county, shortly after his birth. His father settled on a farm, where 
the subject of this sketch was raised. He now lives about four and a 
half miles south of Herndon, where he owns 110 acres of choice farming 
and timber land. Mr. Keeth was married May 18, 1871, to Miss Virginia 
C. Davenport, of Saline county. They have two children, Otha D. and 
Walter. 

WILLIAM JOHNSON, P. O., Herndon. Was born January 14, 
1831, in Edmonson county, Kentucky, and is the son of Henry, and 
Elizabeth Johnson. His early life was spent on the farm. He moved 
■with his parents to Missouri in 1846, and settled in Cooper county. He 
remained there until 1848, when he came to Saline county. He now lives 
four miles south of Herndon, and ov.-ns about 700 acres of good land. 
Mr. Johnson was married December 26, 1852, to Miss Caroline E. Short, of 
Saline county. They have eight children: William D., Mary E., Benj. 
R., Mrs. Minerva Rothark, Josephine, Carrie, Septema, Parilley. 

HENRY R. JOHNSON, P. O., Herndon. Is the son of Henry and 
Elizabeth Johnson, and was born in Edmonson county, Kentuck}-, April 



714 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

19, 1833. Came with his parents to Missouri, 1S46. His father settled 
in Cooper county, where Otterville now stands, and remained there two 
years, then moved to Saline county. Mr. Johnson now resides three 
miles south of Herndon, where he owns 160 acres of good farming land. 
He was married December 1, 1854, to Miss Susan Yager, of Saline 
county. They have five children: Mrs. Lou Killion, Maggie C, Sarah 
E., Laura J., and Sophronia. Mr. Johnson enlisted in the E. M. M., in 
Capt. Lee's company, Col. Neal's regiment. Remained with them until 
the fall of 1864, when he was conscripted by Price's men, and went 
.south, acting as captain of a company. He was in the battles of West- 
port, Big Blue, and several skirmishes on the way south. Mr. Johnson is 
a member of the Baptist Church. 
• WILLIAM K. SMITH, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Smith is a Mis- 
sourian by birth. He was born in Saline county, March 7, 1839, and is 
the son of Jacob and Catherine, who came from Maryland, originally 
from Germany, to Missouri in 1838, and settled in Saline county. Mr» 
Smith has spent the principal part of his life on a farm, although he has 
worked several years as plasterer. He now lives five miles east from 
Brownsville, and owns 235 acres of good farming and timber land. Mr. 
Smith was married February 21, 1867, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Kester, 
of Saline county. They have seven children: Sarah C, Jacob S., Ida 
J., Wm. H., Ellen P., Hiram M., and Walter L. Mr. Smith enlisted 
December, 1861, in company H, 10th regiment, Missouri cavalry, Gen. 
Marmaduke commander. He served through the war, and was dis- 
charged at Shreveport, June 16, 1865. He was in the battles of Pea 
Ridge, Jenkins' Ferry, Corinth, Cane Hill, Pine BlufT, and various other 
skirmishes. Mr. Smith first enlisted in the state guards, but shortly 
after went south and re-enlisted in the regular army. 

CHARLES E. BROWN, P. O., Houstonia. The subject of this 
sketch is the son of James and Martha Brown, and was born September 
17, 1848, in Pettis county, Missouri. His early life was spent on the 
farm and at school. He was educated at Lexington and Richmond, 
Missouri. He returned from school to Pettis county, and remained there 
until. 1879, when he moved to Saline county, and settled in Liberty town- 
ship, where he has a fine body of 555 acres of land. Mr. Brown was 
married February 22, 1872, to Miss Lavissa McClanahan, of Pettis 
county. They have four children: William, Edna, Lucy, Mar3^ 

F. E. HOFFMAN, P. O., Sedalia. The subject of this sketch was 
born in 1843, in Erfurt, Prussia, and is the son of Fred. W. and Wilhemina 
Hoffman. His early life was spent at school. In 1852, he came to the 
United States and settled in Brooklyn, New York, where he remained 
for three years, when he went to Milwaukee and attended Lincoln's com- 
mercial college, where he graduated. In 1867, Mr. Hoffhnan was elected 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 715 

general agent and adjuster of claims for the states of Missouri, Kansas and 
Colorado, of the German Insurance Company, which position he still holds. 
He is a man of ability and fine business habits, and enjoys the confidence 
of his compan3^ Mr. Hoffman was married in 1868 to Miss Emma C. 
Ross, of Bloomington, Illinois. They have four children: Fred, George 
E., Joy H. and Florence B. Mr. Hoffman is owner of the McAllister 
springs, situated in the south part of Saline county. These springs are 
noted for the medicinal properties of the water and are a great place^ of 
resort for the invalids and pleasure seekers. Mr. Hoffman has passed all 
of the chairs in both the subordinate and encampment lodges of I. O. O. 
F. He served as D. D. G. M., at Burlington, Iowa. 

E. S. HERNDON, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Cooper county, 
Missouri, in 1838, where he was raised and educated, and lived to 1861, 
when he moved to this county. In 1865, he was married to Miss Lucy 
A. McMahan, daughter of S. W. McMahan, and has had six children, 
four of whom are living: Hattie R., Samuel R., Alma and Sallie. Mr. 
Herndon is a member of the Old School Presbyterian church, at Herndon ; 
is a member of the Masonic lodge, at Herndon, and also of the I. O. O. F. 
lodge. His health did not permit him to enter either army during the war. 
He is merchandising at Herndon, and carries a large stock. He bought out 
the first store started in Herndon, and has accumulated a handsome prop- 
erty. 

W. M. STEPHENS, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Cooper county, 
Missouri, in 1828, and was there raised and educated. After he was 
grown, he moved to Morgan county, and there lived five years. In 1857, 
he came to this county, and settled on the farm where he now lives. He 
was married on the 14th of May, 1851, to Miss Mary M. Witcher, daugh- 
ter of James Witcher, of this county, and has had eight children, seven 
now living: James, Jesse, Nancy E. (Mrs. Faulconer), Amanda A., Vir- 
ginia (Mrs. Riggins), William and Mary R. During the war he was in 
the southern army (see record). His farm consists of 222 acres of fine 
land, finely improved, and well stocked, all of which has been made by 
his own industrv. 

WILLIAM M. TAYLOR, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Howard 
county, Missouri, in 1826, and at the age of five was brought by his 
mother to this county, his father having previously died. His mother 
settled in the southeast part of the county, where they lived until 1837, 
when they moved to Ridge Prairie, and lived there until 1865, and then 
moved to the place which he now owns. In 1875 he moved into Herndon, 
where he now lives. In 1846 he was married to Miss Elizabeth A. 
Hunt, daughter of James Hunt, and has nine children: James T., Mary 
O. (Mrs. Finley), Zacharia, Maggie R. (Mrs. Wingfield), Melinda J. (Mrs. 
Champion), Nancy E. (Mrs. Mennafee), William M. Jr., Harry A., and 



716 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

•Robert N. His first wife died in 1867, and he was married to Mrs. M. 
Ferguson, of Saline, his present wife, in 1868. During the war Mr. Tay- 
lor was in the Federal army four months, in Capt. Hopkins' company, but 
was in no battle or fight. Started to the Mexican war in 1846, but was 
stopped by sickness. He has an interest in the Herndon mill, and has 
some fine farming land. He has just erected a postoffice building in 
Herndon (he being postmaster), in which he intends putting a full stock 
of .hard\yare. Is a member of C. P. Church; member of I. O. O. F. ; 
also of I. O. G. T. 

WILLIAM T. CLAYCOMB, P. O., Herndon. Was born in Berk- 
ley county, Virginia, in 1823, where he lived until 1842; and then moved to 
Missouri, and settled in Saline county, living with his father, northeast of Mar- 
shall, and then moved to the Tucker farm, east of Jonesboro. He lived 
there until 1856, when he moved to the farm on which he now lives, near 
the preseqt town of Herndon. In 1847 he was married to Miss Josephine 
Allison, daughter of Thomas Allison, of Cooper county. They have had 
four children, two of whom are living: Thomas J., farming in the vicinity 
of Herndon, and W. F., living on the home place with his father. In 1850 
Mr. Claycomb went to California across the plains, and after teaming and 
mining for a time, returned across the isthmus of Panama. During the 
war he enlisted as a private in the 7th regiment M. S. M. In March, 
1862, he, with a squad of his company, released twelve men belonging to 
Capt. Kaiser's company E, 12th regiment infantry Mo. Vol., who had 
been captured by a party of rebels from north of the river, making their 
way south, and had been confined in Rock Creek Church, and left 
guarded by a few men. The rebels decamped without fighting. The 
church was burned. In 1874 Mr. Claycomb was one of the firm of Tay- 
lor & Claycomb, engaged in merchandising in Herndon,, in which he con- 
tinued for two years. He has now retired from active farming, his son 
running the farm under his direction. He started in life a poor man, but 
by hard work and good management has accumulated a good estate. 
Has 375 acres of land, and considerable property besides. 

R. S. GIVAN, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Worcester 
count}-, Maryland, in 1836. When still but a boy, his father moved to 
Shelby county, Missouri, where he grew to manhood. In 1865 he went 
to the mountains through Dakota, Montana, and Idaho, making the trip 
with ox teams, and returning b}' Salt Lake City. He was attacked twice 
by the Indians, but lost no men. He then engaged in mining around Vir- 
ginia City, and then came home, being absent about nine months. On 
his return he traveled over 2,000 miles on the Yellowstone and Missouri 
rivers on,a flatboat. In 1873 he moved to Saline county and located one 
mile and a half south of Marshall. In 1860 he w^as married to Miss 
Emily Blackburn, of Shelby county, Missouri. They have had seven 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 717 

children, only four of whom are living, viz: Mary K., Minnie R., Emma 
U., and the baby, Robbie, all at home. Moved to his present home March, 
1881. Did not have much of a start in life, but now has 480 acres of land, 
about 160 acres of fine bottom land. 

JACOB HOOK, son of James and Sallie Hook, of Rockingham 
county, Virginia, where he was born, April 3, 1823, and was raised 
and educated. On the 19th of October, 1852, he was married to Miss 
Sallie A. Taylor, daughter of George and Elizabeth Taylor, of Albemarle 
county, Virginia, and has two children: Victoria V. (Wilson), and J. Mar- 
shall. He has a fine 140 acre farm in a high state of cultivation, known 
as the Woodland Home. Since his death, April 14, 1873, his son has had 
charge of the farm and of his widowed mother. 

JOHN L. WILLIAMS, P. O., Brownsville. The father of the sub- 
ject of this sketch, Lemuel B. Williams, was born in Christian county, 
Kentucky, where he was married, and came to Cooper county, Missouri, 
in 1^41, then moved to Pettis county in 1842, and died in 1854, leaving 
seven children. John L. was born in this county in 1842, and was raised 
in Liberty township, near the Pettis county line. In 1864 he married 
Miss Mary E. Matheas, of Pettis county. She died in 1866, and in 1868 
he married Miss Eliza Surber, daughter of Jefierson Surber, of this 
county. They have five children: Charles E., Dudley, John T., Thomas 
J., and Oneie V,, all boys, and living at home. In the war he enlisted in 
company B, 7th cavalr}^ M. S. M. His first battle was at Marshall, 
against Shelby, and was in a good many skirmishes in the southern part 
of the state. He enhsted February, 1862, and was discharged April, 
1865. After the war he came "back to Saline county and went to farm- 
ing. From 1857 to 1861 he was employed in carrying the mail, and thus 
has served Uncle Sam seven years of his life. He is a member of the 
Baptist Church, with membership at Antioch. He started in life with 
very small means, and now has 130 acres of splendid land, well stocked. 

JESSE T. WITCHER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Howard 
county, Missouri, in 1847, and in 1856 came to this county, and settled in Lib- 
erty township, with his parents. At that time $5.00 per acre was the highest 
price paid for land, and $2.50 a very common price. His father raised a 
family of ten children, all of whom located in this county. He pur- 
chased a farm of 360 acres of choice land, for $1,360. Mr. Witcher was 
married to Miss Nancy E. Gresham, daughter of Jonathan Gresham, 
of Saline county. He has had eight children, of whom five are 
now living: James T. (living in Santa Fe, N. M.), Wm. Henry, Jesse 
T. (also living in New Mexico), Walter Walker, and Emmet Lee. His 
wife died in 1874. In December, 1875, he married his present wife. Miss 
Mary E. Gresham, her father being one of the first settlers of Johnson 
county, Missouri, and has had four children, three of them living: Ettie, 



71S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



Ella Ethel, and Sarah Pearl, the baby. Mr. Witcher is a member of the 
Christian Church, membership at Antioch, and is also a mason, belonging 
to the lodge at Herndon. In 1864 he entered the Confederate army, and 
was one of Stallard's company of Marmaduke's escort. Previous to 
going to the army he was ordered to join the militia, and was at Marshall 
at the time of Shelby's raid, but did not participate in the fight. In 1864 
he was paid off, and then went to Price's army, and was in the battles of 
Big and Little Blue, Westport, Newtonia, Little Osage, etc. In the 
retreat through the Indian Territory he was twenty-seven days without 
bread or salt. James Witcher, father of Jesse T., was born in Pittsylvania 
county, Virginia, in 1810. Came to Missouri in 1833, and settled in 
Howard county, and lived there two years. Then moved to Elk Lick 
Spring, which he improved. It was a noted summer resort previous 
to the war, and is a splendid mineral spring. 






MARSHALL TO^VNSHIP. 



JOSEPH BAKER, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Ross 
county, Ohio, in 1822. His early life was passed on a farm. Was edu- 
cated in the public schools. In April, 1846, he was married to Miss Char- 
lotte Byers, of same county. Ten children were born to them, as follows: 
Wm. Joseph, Edward, Josiah, Minerva, wife of Chas. Norton, of Slater; 
John, Elisha, Theodore and James. In 1861, Mr. Baker enlisted in the 
Federal army, Capt. S. Orange's company, under Gen. Sigel. Although 
a private, he was given the title of " Col." by his comrades, for valorous 
conduct at the battle of Strasburg, Virginia, having assumed command of 
his regiment, w^hich, with its officers, w^as in full retreat, ordering it to halt 
and face the enemy, which command was obeyed, resulting finally in the 
total rout of the Confederates. He was engaged at the second battle of 
Bull Run, where he, wuth 1,200 others, was taken prisoner, paroled and 
sent to Columbus, Ohio. He was suffering then, and is now, from a dis- 
ease contracted in the service, in consequence of which he has made appli- 
cation for a pension. After the war, he returned to his home in Ross 
county, Ohio, where he resided until 1871, when he came to Saline county 
and engaged in farming and dealing in stock. 

CONRAD OSER, farmer and overseer of the poor farm, P. O;, Mar- 
shall. Was born in Ripley county, Indiana, in 184.5. Was educated there. 
Served as an apprentice to the carpenter trade in Aurora, Dearborn 
county, for seven years. In 1863, he went to Boone county, Kentucky, 
where he followed his trade for six years, in Belleview. Mr. Oser was 
married in 1869, to Miss Isadora Loudon, of Boone count}-, Kentucky, by 
whom he had four children: Emma, Susan, Mattie and William. In 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 719 

1869 he came to Saline county, and located near Arrow Rock, where he 
engaged in farming for several years, afterwards working at his trade in 
said city. He took possession of the county poor farm in March, 1880, 
which has improved much under his careful management. 

JOSEPH C. CLARK, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in county 
Dublin, city of Dublin, in 1855, where he was raised and educated. At 
the age of sixteen, he came to America, his parents, now dead, having 
emigrated before him. Landing in New York, he remained there a 
short time, and then went to Ross county, Ohio, where he farmed for 
seven years. In January, 1877, he left Ohio, and located in this county, 
where he has since resided, engaged in farming. He is industrious and 
trustworthy, and a credit alike to the " Emerald Isle" and the land of his 
adoption. 

WILLIAM R. MILLER, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of this 
state and county; born, near Malta Bend, in 1853. Was educated in this 
county, and raised on a farm. His father, Robert Miller, was a native of 
R.ockingham county, Virginia, coming to this county at an early period in 
its history. He was emphatically one of the pioneer settlers of this section, 
and had been closely identified with its progress and development. He 
died in 1855, deeply regretted by all who knew him. His widow has 
since married Mr. John Kiser. Wm. R. is now engaged in farming, 
paying considerable attention to stock-raising. He is a young man of 
more than ordinary promise, and is highly respected by the community 
in which he resides. 

JAMES P. ADAMS, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Henry county, 
Kentucky, April 4, 1846. When three years of age his father's family 
moved to Saline county, locating on a farm. He was educated in the 
common schools of said county. He married Miss Lillie Shannon, a 
native of Henry county, Kentucky. They have one child, Ollie May. 
In 1864 he enlisted in Capt. Harris' company. Col. Wood's battalion. Gen. 
Marmaduke's division. He was engaged in the following battles: Blues, 
Independence, Westport, Little Osage, Newtonia and all others in which 
his command took part during the raid. He surrendered at Shreveport 
and returned home. He now resides on a farm two and one-half miles 
east of Marshall. 

JOHN K. LEWIS, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Saline county, 
March 2, 1842. He is the eighth child of Geo. W. Lewis. Was raised 
on a farm and educated at the place of his birth. In 1862 he enlisted in 
Capt. Geo. Kirtley's company, Col. Shelby's regiment, Marmaduke's 
division. ,He participated in the following battles: Coon Creek, Prairie 
Grove, Helena, Little Rock, Mansfield, Newtonia, Pineville, Pleasant 
Hill (Louisiana), Jenkins' Ferry and Camden. At the battle of Helena 
he was wounded by a minnie ball in the left leg and struck in the right 



720 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

side bv a piece of shell which broke three of his ribs, which laid him up 
for seven months, being taken care of by Maj. Clark, now of Booneville. 
He remained south until the surrender at Shreveport, when he returned 
home. March 2, 1872, he married Mattie Peterson, a native of Saline 
county. They had five children, two now living: Hattie E. and James S. 
He now resides three miles east of Marshall, upon a fine farm. 

JAMES M. ODELL, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. Born 
in Saline county, October 14, 1844. He is the second child of William 
Odell. Was educated in the public schools of Saline county. Was 
raised on a farm. In November, 1877, he married Miss Ollie Jesler, a 
native of Nodawav county, Missouri. They have two children, girls: 
Ara Belle and Ida. At present he is engaged in farming and stock- 
raising, four miles east of Marshall. In 1864, he enlisted in Capt. Davis' 
company. Col. Wood's battalion. Gen. Shelby's division. He was engaged 
in the following battles: Waverly, Blues, Westport. His company 
was not engaged in the battle at Independence, it being upon the left 
wing. 

JOHN T. MOREL AND, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, August 15, 1857. Was educated at 
a private school in the same county, and also at the Edgar Military Insti- 
tute, Paris, Kentucky. His father, Thos. R., was a native of Bourbon 
county. He married Catherine T. Hedges. They had eight children, 
seven of whom are now living. Thos. R. died in Illinois, in January, 
1864. His wife is still living there. At the age of six years, John T., 
the sixth child, went to live with his aunt, Mary A. Scott, who raised 
him. She lived in Paris, Kentucky, until the year 1858, when she came 
to Saline county, and bought a farm near where John T. is now residing. 
She then went to Illinois, where she has remained ever since. John T. is 
now residing on an excellent stock farm of 450 acres, where he is giving 
special attention to the raising of blooded stock. 

ENOS DULL, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. Born in 
Augusta count}', Virginia, November 23, 1819. Was raised on a farm. 
Was educated in the same county. September 7, 1843, he married Sallie 
Hanger, a native of the same place. They had no children. His wife died 
in 1847, and was buried at Mt. Tabor. He was again married 
to Miss Angeline Stauffer, a native of Maryland. They have two daugh- 
ters: Lizzie Virginia and Lillie Ann. Up to this time he was engaged in 
milling. In 1848 he came to Saline county and lived for two years on 
what is now known as the Stephen Smith farm. In 1850 he bought the 
farm on which he now resides, six miles southeast of Marshall, consisting 
of 100 acres of excellent land. In 1864* he enlisted in the Confederate 
army, Capt. Payne's company, Gen. Shelby's division. Was engaged in 
the following battles: Independence, Blues, Little Osage, and all other 







w ^ 




HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 721 

engagements in which his command participated. At the battle of Little 
Osage he was nearly covered with dirt thrown up by a cannon ball. 

RICHARD E. HOLMES, farmer and stockraiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Prince William county, Virginia, April 24, 1826. Was educated 
in same place. Raised on a farm. January 12, 1851, he married Char- 
lotte C. Peters, a native of Fauquier county, Virginia. They had nine 
children, four of whom are now living, three daughters an<;J one son: 
Laura L., Bettie, Annie R., and Willie S. In 1857 he moved to Saline 
county, locating near Marshall, where he remained for two years. In 
1860 he purchased the farm upon which he now resides, consisting of 240 
acres of good farm land, which by steady application he has developed 
into a well appointed farm. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in Captain 
Emmerson's company and was captured at Blackwater. He was held 
prisoner at St. Louis for three months, when he took the oath of loyalty 
and came home. 

CHARLES N. MARTIN, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Shelby county, Kentucky, January 28, 1815. His father, Peter, 
was a native of Virginia, and came to Kentucky when a boy. He mar- 
ried Sallie Neal, by whom he had twelve children, six of whom are now 
living, four sons and two daughters. He died January 1,1863. His 
wife died, January 20, 1867. Both are buried in Henry county, Ken- 
tucky. Charles N., the sixth child, was educated in Shelby county. He 
lived with his father on a farm until he was thirty-two years of age. 
November 26, 1846, he married Lavinia Smith, a native of Henry county. 
They had seven children, six of whom are now living, three sons and 
three daughters: Isaac P., James L., John C. B., Mary E. A., Lucy C, 
Mignonette. After his marriage, he lived in Henry county for about 
eight years, removing from there to Saline county, where he settled upon 
the farm where he now resides, situated six miles southeast of Marshall, 
consisting of 240 acres of very fine, well improved land. He is a mem- 
ber of the Baptist Church. His wife is a member of the M. E. Church, 
South. He has served as school director during two terms. 

BENJAMIN F. PAUL, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Woodford 
county, Kentucky, August 5, 1837. His father, Henry L. Paul, was only 
four years of age when his father went to Woodford county, Kentucky. 
He was a farmer. He married Catherine McKee, a native of Bourbon 
county, Kentucky. They had ten children, six of whom are now living. 
Henry L. Paul died in 1870, at the ripe age of ninety-seven. His wife 
died in 1849, September 3d. Both lie buried in Woodford county. 
Benjamin F., the eighth child, was educated in the public schools of 
Woodford county. In the fall of '54, he came, with his father, to Saline 
county, where he remained a year, assisting his brothers, James H. and 

46 



722 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Samuel, with their farming. Returning home at the end of that time, he 
remained there till 1860, where he settled in Saline county, living with his 
brothers, keeping bachelor's hall. In November, 1861, he enlisted in 
Capt. Emmerson's company, which was captured at Blackwater. He 
was not captured, being ordered by the Captain to wait for some others 
who were to follow. While waiting, the balance of the company were 
captured. In February, 1862, he re -enlisted in Capt. Englehart's com- 
pany, which started to join Gen. Price. They arrived within thirty-five 
miles of Grand river. Finding all of the crossings guarded by Federals, 
they determined to return to Marshall, and wait till the river could be 
crossed. On the evening of their return, the whole company was cap- 
tured by Capt. Ostermeyer, with the exception of Benjamin F. Paul, 
Thomas O'Donnell, Jo. Allen, William Russell and Charlie Fitz. Mr. 
Paul then went to Kentucky, where he remained till the close of the war. 
July 24, 1867, he married, in Bourbon county, Catherine Shropshire, a 
native of Scott county, Kentucky. After living in Kentucky one and a 
half years, he came to Saline county, and settled one mile north of where 
he now resides. In 1872 he removed to the farm where he now is, given 
him by his father, consisting of 2-iO acres of hemp land. It is one of the 
best stock farms in the county, being watered by Dick's creek, and some 
six or seven good springs. Six children were born to him — two now liv- 
ing, William B. and Lucy Anna. His wife has been a member of the 
Christian Church since the age of eighteen. 

JACOB F. SMITH, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Boone county, 
April 11:, 1854. His father, Henry Smith, was a native of Kentucky. At 
the age of fourteen, he game to Boone county, where he married Henri- 
etta Houck. Twelve children were born to them, eight of whom are now 
living. In 1877, he removed his family to Cooper county, where they 
now reside. Jacob F., the fifth child, obtained his education in the public 
schools of Boone county. His early life was spent on a farm. At the 
age of twenty-two, he left the homestead, and for two years was foreman 
on tie-work, in Boone and Cooper counties, for John B. Readmon. In 
March, 1879, he came to the farm, consisting of 80 acres of fine tillable 
land, situated five and a half miles southeast of Marshall. August 5, 
1880, he married Lucy Roberts, a native of Boone county, Missouri. In 
1879, he served, for a short time, as depujy sheriff. 

JAMES L. MARTIN, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Henry county, Kentucky, November 5, 1851. He is the second 
child of Charles N. Martin. He was three years of age when his father 
and family moved to Saline county. He obtained his education in the 
Saline county common schools. His early life was spent on a farm. In 
1872 he married Susannah Campbell, a native of Mercer county, Ken- 
tucky, and daughter of John Campbell. Five children are the fruit of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 723 

their union, three girls and two boys: Edna, Bettie M., Lulu H., Charlie, 
and John C. He is now residing on a farm, six miles southeast of Mar- 
shall. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church, South, he 
uniting in 1S65, and she in 18T0. 

ARTHUR J. WILSON, mill operator, P. O., Marshall. Born in 
Indiana, in August, 1846. At about the age of twenty-one he came to 
Cooper county, Missouri, where he lived until 1876, when he moved to 
Saline county. He and his father Jonathan purchased and operated a 
saw-mill situated on Camp creek, seven miles southeast of Marshall. It 
has a capacity of 6,000 feet per day, and is run by two engines of ten- 
horse power each. Arthur J. still continues in the business. The mill 
is one of the best in the state, and is complete in all of its appointments. 
He is using Scott & Cooper's engines. December 18, 1879, he married 
Miss Jennie Downs, a native of Saline county. He has spent some time 
traveling over the western states and territories. July 15, 1867, his father 
was killed by falling upon a circular saw, and was buried at Pilot Grove. 
His wife died in 1871, and was buried at the same place. 

ANDREW J. ODELL, P. O., Marshall. Born in^Saline county, Mis- 
souri, April 9, 1845. His father, William, was a native of Virginia. He 
married Matilda Sandwich. Moved to , Marshall, Saline county, at an 
early day, where he is still living. Andrew J., the oldest child, was edu- 
cated in Saline county in the public schools. Was raised on a farm. In 
October, 1864, he enhsted in Capt. Davis' company, Wood's battalion, 
Shelby's brigade. He took'part in the following battes: Glasgow, Lex- 
ington, Blues, Independence, Kansas City, Coonskin Prairie. At Kansas 
City he recieved fourteen bullet holes in his clothes, but miraculously 
escaped without a wound. While in the army he did not taste bread nor 
salt for thirty-one days. For three days he was absolutely without any- 
thing to satisfy hunger. In December, 1866, he married Mary F. 
Pannell, a native of Todd county, Kentucky, and daughter of Moulton 
Pannell. They have five children, all living, four sons and one daughter : 
J. W., J. M., Lonzo E., Walter A., Susan J. At present he is engaged 
in a saw mill, owned by Wilson & Carroll, situated on Camp creek, seven 
miles southeast of Marshall. 

JOHN B. PETERSON, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Saline county, July 5, 1844. His father, Thomas, came to Saline 
county at an early day, and married Miss Mary Hall. They had eight 
children, five now living, three boys and two girls: John B., Edward, 
Glenn H., Martha Lewis, and Cornelia. Thomas died in 1873, and was 
buried at Rock Creek. His wife died in 1877, and was buried in the 
same place. John B., the eldest son, was reared on a farm and educated 
in Saline county. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in Capt. William 
Emmerson's company; was captured at Blackwater; was detained a 



724 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

prisoner at Alton until the spring of 1862, when he was exchanged and 
came home. In the same spring he re-enlisted in Capt. Jackson's company, 
Col. Dorsey's cavalr}^ and went to Arkansas, where he was transferred 
to Capt. Laseur's battery, under Brig.-Gen. Hindman. He engaged in 
the following battles: Blackwater, Saline City, Prairie Grove, Little 
Rock, Helena, Mansfield, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry. At the battle of 
Helena thirteen of his company were killed and wounded. At the battle 
of Jenkins' Ferry his horse was shot four times. After the surrender at 
Shreveport he came home. In February, 1873, he married Mary Lewis, 
a native of Saline county. They have three children, two sons and one 
daughter: George F., John B., Annie K. He now resides on a farm 
two miles east of Marshall. 

JESSE VANWINKLE, P. O., Norton. Founder of the town of Norton, 
and the son of Job and Elizabeth Van Winkle, was born in St. Clair county, 
Illinois, January 15, 1825. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and his 
mother^of Kentucky. After marriage they moved to the then territory of 
Illinois; they were greatly exposed to the attacks of Indians, and had often 
to seek shelter in a.fort. They lived and died within twenty-five miles of 
St. Louis. The subject of this sketch pursued farming until 1850, and 
then went to California, staying over a 3'ear, and then returned to his home 
in Illinois. In 1866 he came to Saline county, and settled on the land he 
bought of Dudley Cooper, upon part of which the town of Norton now 
stands. September 18, 1856, he was married to Miss Lucinda Padfield, 
daughter of James and Lavinia Padfield, of Christian county, Kentucky. 
They have seven children: John H., Nevada A., Ella J., Jessie, Mary, 
Florence L., and Nora, all living. 

W. S. HOLLAND, M. D., P. O., Marshall. Was born in Allen 
county, Kentucky, December 4, 1825. Came to Missouri with his parents 
when fifteen years old. Commenced the study of medicine in 1844, and 
first graduated March 2, 1848. Married January 11, 1849, and located, 
March 1, 1849, in Calhoun, Henry county, Missouri, where he practiced 
his profession until the close of the war. Was surgeon in the Union army 
for two years. Was a member of the constitutional convention which 
framed the state constitution of 1865. In 1866 was elected to the state 
senate from the fifteenth district, composed of the counties of Johnson, 
Henry, St. Clair and Benton. In 1861 was appointed receiver of the land 
office, which was then located at Warsaw. In 1866 was appointed United 
States examining surgeon, which position he still holds. He was a demo- 
crat until the first year of the war. He espoused the Union cause at the 
beginning, and acted and voted with the republican party until 1868, since 
which time he claims to have held no allegiance to any party, but has 
only voted for such men as he deemed worthy of the offices they sought. 
The word nominee has had neither charms nor terrors for him. The 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 725 

doctor was one of the pioneers of the temperance work in Missouri, and 
has so earnestly advocated advanced temperance views, both with pen 
and speech, as to be frequently- called a temperance fanatic. On January 
1, 187T, he commenced the publication of the Irrepressible Conjiict, which 
was the first prohibition paper ever published in this state. In 1868 he 
voted the national prohibition ticket, the only man in Saline county that 
voted it. The doctor has never hesitated "to stand alone and battle for 
what he considered right. For thirty-three years he has been engaged 
in an active practice of his profession and still seems to delight in it. 
Being a graduate of an eclectic school of medicine as well as an allopathic 
graduate, and giving his preference to homeopathy, he is not recognized 
by the allopathic school as regular, and is by them commonly styled a 
quack. In 1848 he joined the Christian Church, and has been a promi- 
nent and active member of that church ever since, but has held the most 
kindly feelings for other denominations. The doctor located in Marshall 
June 1*2, 1874, and says he never expects to have any other home on earth. 
JOHN M. ELGIN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Washington 
county, Maryland, in 1847. Was there raised and educated to the age 
of twenty-one. He came to Missouri in 1868, but returned to Maryland 
in 1869. He again came to Saline county in 1871, and has Hved here ever 
since. In 1878-9, he was engaged in the grocery and butcher business, 
in Marshall. In 1869, he married Miss Kate Rose, daughter of R. F. 
Rose of this county. The}^ have two children, Julian H. and Tucker R. 
His first wife died July 4, 1872. In 1873 he married his present wife. Miss 
Jennie Tomkins, of Bourbon county, Kentucky, daughter of George A. 
Tomkins, and they have three children: James F., Annie E. and John 
M., all living at home. Mr. Elgin did not enter either army. Is a mem- 
ber, at Mt. Olive, of Old School Presbyterian Church ; a Mason, a mem- 
ber of A. O. U. W. Lives on his father's farm of 163 acres, and culti- 
vates the same. 

ANDREW M. RADER, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Rader was born in 
Nicholas county, West Virginia, in 1824, and lived there until 1838, and in 
1839, he moved to Johnson county, Missouri, and settled near what is now 
Rose Hill. Lived in Johnson county until 1851, when he moved to 
Henry county, where he held his first pastoral charge, he having been 
ordained a minister; then to Bolivar, Polk county; then Buffalo, in Dallas 
county; Carthage, Jasper county, where he"bought a farm and was living 
there when the war broke out. In 1864, he moved to Saline county, 
where his family have lived ever since, he being mostly engaged in preach- 
ing in this and adjoining counties. He has been engaged in preach- 
ing the gospel, for over thirty years, in 'the M. E. Church, South. In 
1843, Mr. Rader married Miss Isabella McFarland, having thirteen chil- 
dren, of whom eleven are living: Harriet, Laura, Daniel L., Henrietta, 



726 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Thomas, John, Perr}^ Ella, Robert, Marvin and Milton. Mr. Rader 
joined the Confederate army during the war, and was captain of company 
D, Eleventh Confederate regiment, afterwards chaplain of the Second 
Missouri, but resigned in 1863, and was not connected with the army after- 
wards. Was in the battle of Pea Ridge, in command of his company. 
His oldest son, William, was killed while scouting in Jasper county. Is 
still connected with the conference of the M. E. Church, South, but is on 
what is called the " Supernumerary List." 

MARTIN A. GUALDIN, farmer. The subject of the following 
sketch, Martin A. Gauldin, was born in Campbell county, Virginia, in the 
year 1818, where he received his education, and served an apprenticeship 
at the carpenter trade. At the age of twenty, in 1838, his parents hav- 
ing recently died, he left Virginia for Missouri, and after prospecting sev- 
eral counties, finally settled in Marshall, Saline county, in 1840, where he 
remained until 1846. In that year he was married to Miss Nancy Kiser, 
daughter of old Capt. Daniel Kiser, one of the pioneers of the county. 
His family consists of Edmund, Giles, Addie, MoUie, Marcellus, Joshua, 
Robert, Bettie, Martin, and Callie, all of whom are living. During the 
war he enlisted for the southern army, but was captured at the famous 
Blackwater capture. For years past Mr. Gauldin has dealt largely in 
stock, and now owns land in five different sections in township 50 > 
range 21. 

WM. M. CHRISMAN, farmer. Was born in Jessamine county, 
Kentucky, .near Nicholasville, the county-seat, in the year 1833. As a 
boy he was in the primary department of the celebrated Transylvania 
University, Lexington, Kentucky. In 1843 his father removed to Mis- 
souri, but the general sickness of the next year, 1844, drove him back 
to Kentucky, where he remained four or five years, chiefly in Lexington 
and Louisville. In 1849 he returned to Saline county, and resided on a 
part of the H. H. Chrisman farm, which he had purchased. He 
was married in 1852, to Miss Eliza Bywaters, of this county. His family 
consists of George, Clara, Fanny, Lewis, William, Minnie, Dulin and 
Alonzo. He died in 1872, of cerebro-spinal meningitis. With the excep- 
tion of two children, his widow and children still survive him. 

JOSHUA SELF, farmer. Was born in Virginia, in the year 1833. 
His father moved to Kentucky when Joshua was onl}- five or six years 
old, and there he received his education, and served an apprenticeship at 
the blacksmith trade. In 1855 he left Kentucky, and settled in Saline 
county, Missouri, where he followed his trade until the war broke out. In 
1861, being warmly southern, he joined the southern army, and served 
under Gen. Price until the close in 1865. In 1867 he married Miss Lucy 
J. Kiser, of this count}-. They have six children: Vernetta, Sarah E., 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 727 

Francis V., John W., Emma, and Emmet, the last two being twins. Mr. 
Self is now working his farm, raising stock, etc. 

LENTEN YEAGER, farmer. Mr. Yeager was born in Madison 
county, Virginia, in the year 1847. In 1868 he came to Saline county, 
Missouri, and worked five or six years at the carpenter trade, in and 
near Marshall. In March, 1877, he was married to Miss Virginia E. 
Sydenstriker, and has two children, Ina L., and Mattie V. In 1878, he 
purchased part of the old Menager farm, on which he has since been 
farming, stock-raising, etc. 

A. J. SYDENSTRIKER, deceased. The subject of this sketch was 
born in Lewisburg, Greenbriar county, Virginia, in the year 1828, where 
he received his education. His father moved to Missouri while he was 
yet a boy, in 1835. Two years after, he was apprenticed to the tailoring 
trade in Independence, Missouri, to his half-brother, John Kelley. Soon 
after attaining manhood he quit his trade and became a farmer, which occu- 
pation he liked much better. In 1852 he was married to Miss Mary E. 
Beazly, originally from Virginia. The children living consist of Vir- 
ginia Yeager, wife of L. Yeager; Robert Everett, and Stonewall Jackson. 
During Price's last raid, in 1864, he joined the Confederate army and 
went south, but returned to his home before the final surrender. He died 
April 15, 1876. His widow and three children survive, and still conduct 
the farm. 

HUGH H. CHRISMAN, farmer. Was born in Jessamine county, 
Kentucky, in the year 1828, where he was brought up on a farm and edu- 
cated. In 1856 he moved to Saline county, Missouri. He was married 
in Kentucky in the year 1856, to Miss Mary Scott, of Jessamine county. 
Their children consist of, Bettie, Maggie, and Katie, all living. In 1861, 
he enlisted in F. Robinson's regiment for the Confederate army, but was 
captured with the regiment a few days after at Blackwater crossing. In 
1862 he took the oath, was released and returned to Kentucky, where his 
family was at that time. In 1867 he returned to Saline county, and has 
ever since been engaged in farming, stock -feeding, etc. 

WILLIAM P. TATE, farmer. Was born in Lincoln county, Ken- 
tucky, October 17, 1838, where he was educated. In 1859, he told his 
father he was free, and attempted to throw the old man down, but got 
badly sold in the effort. He then made his way to Nashville, Tennessee, 
then to Fannin county, Texas. When the war broke out, in 1861, he 
joined the Ninth Texas cavalry, in which he served until the battle of 
Holly Springs, Mississippi, where he was wounded. After recovering, 
he joined Price's Missouri troops and participated in the battles of Pea 
Ridge, Corinth, etc. In 1865, he joined Bill Anderson's Partizan Rangers, 
with whom he continued until the war was over. In 1866, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Mollie Martin, of Saline county, Missouri, by whom he has 



728 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

five children: Sallie B., Tillie C, Mary L., Lena and Gracie. Since the 
war he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. 

THOMAS J. THORP, farmer. Was born in Howard county, Mis- 
souri, in the year 1827, and came to Saline county, in 1847. During 1847, 
'48 and '49, he taught school at Ridge Prairie, and in the Sappington 
neighborhood. In 1852, he married Miss Mary J. Marshall, daughter of 
Richard Marshall. They have had ten children, eight of whom are living: 
Hattie B., William M., Thomas J., Jesse H., R. Marshall, Robert P., 
Pearlie B. and Edward S. In 1852, Mr. Thorp moved to his present 
residence. In 1874, he rented out his farm and went to California with 
the intention of moving there; but not liking the prospects, he returned to 
his farm in Saline, where he has remained since. In 1864, he joined the 
Confederate army on Price's last raid, and was in Blue Mills, Osage, 
Westport, and all the battles of the retreat. He was educated at the 
Howard high school, since called Central College, and has been a member 
of the Baptist church for thirty-eight years; membership at Zoar. Has 
320 acres of fine farming land, all under fence, and in cultivation and 
pasture. 

COLONEL JOSEPH FIELD, farmer. The subject of the following 
sketch was born in Albemarle count}', Virginia, May 10, 1815. He came 
to Saline county in 1839, and first settled in Blackwater township, but 
moved to the farm on which he now lives, in 1854. In 1847, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Susan F. Brown, daughter of Edmund Brown, of Saline, but 
who also came from Albemarle county, Virginia. They have had eight 
children, seven of whom are living, viz: Mrs. Mary Fisher, Miss Eva, 
William M., Edmund B., Joseph, Marshall and Claude E. Colonel Field 
served as sheriff' of Saline county in 1844, and afterwards was one of the 
justices of the county court. During the war he took no part on either 
side, but stayed quietly at home. For some years, Colonel Field has 
turned his large farm over to his boys, except William, the eldest, who is 
in business at Rich Hill, Missouri. 

HENRY RANSBERGER, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in 
Augusta county, Virginia, in 1819, and lived there until nineteen years old. 
In 1838 he moved to Washington county, Missouri, where he lived four 
years. From Washington he moved to Jefferson county, where he lived 
until 1855. He then went to Moniteau county, and lived there until 1865, 
when he came to Saline county and settled on the farm he now occupies. 
In 1839 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Shelton, of Washington county, 
Missouri. Ten children have been born to them. Three are at home: 
BenjaminF.,Th.J., and Julia A. Margaret is the wife of George Purcell; 
John is farming in Cass county, Missouri. Several of his sons are farming 
near Salt Springs, in this county. Mr. Ransberger is a member of the 
Baptist Church at Marshall. A constitutional Union man, he took no 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 729 

part in the war, though his sympathies were, naturally, wdth the south. 
He started in life with nothing, and by energy, intelligence and perseverance, 
has made a comfortable living for his old age. His farm of 280 acres is 
well stocked, and tinely improved. His oldest son is a member of the 
firm of Ransberger & Lantz, Marshall, Missouri. 

A. S. BUIE, P. O., Marshall. Born in Saline county in IS-ii. His 
father came from Kentucky in 1832, and first settled in Boone county, 
Missouri, and moved to this county sometime in 1844, and settled in the 
southern part of Marshall township, where A. S. Buie now resides. 
About a year after he died. He was a Cumberland Presbyterian preacher. 
He had a family of thirteen children, seven of whom are now living, 
three sons and four daughters. He was the first Cumberland minister in 
Saline. A. S. Buie was married September 25, 1870, to Miss G. V. Elgin, 
daughter of J. C. Elgin, formerly of SaHne, now dead. He had three chil- 
dren, two of whom are Hving: C. V. and Zula G., living with him. He 
enlisted in the Confederate army in Clark's company, Marmaduke's escort, 
and surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. Mr. Buie is a member of the 
Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He had little to begin with, and now 
owns a good farm of 100 acres unincumbered. 

F. H. ELLYSON, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Ellyson was born June 25, 
1840, in Franklin county, Virginia. He came to Missouri in 1871, and 
first settled in Monroe county, w^here he was engaged in farming for four 
years, when he moved to Saline county, and settled seven miles northeast 
of Marshall, where he ow-ns 140 acres of land. His parents. Pay ton and 
Maglin Ellyson, were born in Virginia. They both died there. Mr. 
Ellyson was married December 6, 1866, to Miss Fannie A. Baldin, of 
Roanoke county, Virginia. They have six children : Cora Ann, Maggie 
T., Eliza J., Washington Lee and Minnie, youngest child not named. 
Mr. Ellyson served in Gen. Early's division, the 36th Virginia, for over 
four years. Most of the time was spent in West Virginia, and the valley 
of Virginia. He w^as in several noted battles. 

JOSEPH H. REA, P. O., Marshall. The subject of this sketch was 
born in Saline county, Missouri, January 12, 1848, and is the oldest son of 
Rev. P. G. and Mary A. Rea. At the age of tw^elve he w^ent wath his 
parents to Booneville, w^here he spent several years at school. He was 
educated at Kemper's family school. During the years 1867 and 1868 he 
was business manager of Missouri female college, of which his father w^as 
president. In the spring of 1869 he returned to Saline county, w^here he 
has been engaged in teaching and farming until April, 1881, when he 
engaged with the Missouri Historical Company. Mr. Rea was united in 
marriage May 19, 1875, to Miss Emma, daughter of Judge George R. 
Hines, of Leavenworth, Kansas, formerly of Kentucky. In 1875 and 
1878 he w^as a delegate from New^ Lebanon Presbytery to the general 



730 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

assembly of the C. P. Church. Mr. Rea is a Royal Arch Mason, and a 
ruling elder of the C. P. Church. 

WILLIAM M. VARDEMAN, clergyman and farmer, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Is a native of Shelby county, Kentucky; born in 1842. Was 
educated in the public schools, and bred on a farm. In 1864 he was united 
in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Scarce, a native of the same county. Four 
children were born to them: Anna L., Lizzie B,, Minnie W. and Willie. 
In 1877 he moved to Switzerland county, Indiana, where he resided for 
eighteen months, farming and preaching for two churches, called respect- 
ively, Olive Branch and Mt. Zion. In 1878 he moved to this state and 
county, locating on the farm, where he now resides. He has charge of 
the Baptist Church at Orearville, and is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, 
to whom an appeal for charity, from a worthy object, was never made in 
vain. 

URIAL B. WINGFIELD, physician and surgeon, P. O., Shackel- 
ford. Was born in Kanawha county, West Virginia, November 22, 
1854. In 1866, he came to Saline county with his father. Most of his 
life has been spent in school; his first schooling was received in the pri- 
vate schools of Virginia, and public schools of Missouri. In the fall of 
1871, he entered Kemper's Academy, at Booneville, Missouri, where he 
remained one year. In 1872, he attended McGee's College, Macon City, 
where he remained two years. From McGee's College he went to 
Columbia, Missouri, and began a course in medicine and surgery, in the 
medical department of the University of Missouri. He remained here 
one year. He then entered the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, Mis- 
souri, where he graduated with much honor and credit to himself. He 
has cast his lot with the people of Shackelford community, where he 
expects to discharge all the duties devolved upon him, as a practitioner of 
medicine. Judging from his college . grade and his sturdy habits, we 
think him a man to be trusted. 

MICHAEL FLYNN, merchant and postmaster, P. O., Shackelford. 
Was born in Dublin county, Ireland, and educated in the national schools. 
Came with his father to Saline county, Missouri, in 1869. He farmed 
with his father here till June, 1879, when he commenced general mer- 
chandising at Shackelford. Being a man of character and enterprise, he 
has made a successful merchant. 

MICHAEL LYNCH, farmer, P. O., Shackleford. Owns 200 acres 
of land, and was born in Kerry county, Ireland, February 1, 1834. In 
1848 came with his father to America. Lived in New York one year, 
then in Wheeling, Virginia, working on the railroad. In 1854 went to 
Ross county, Ohio, and engaged in farming near Chillicothe. In 1869 he 
came to Saline county, and purchased the farm he now lives on. He was 
married in December, 1853, to Miss Catherine O'Conners. Children: 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 731 

Mary A., Maggie, Dennis, Ellen, Celia, Michael, and William. In 1803 
was drafted in the Federal service, but sent a substitute. (Can't say 
whether his substitute did good work or not.) He is a member of the 
Catholic Church. Mr. Lynch has never held a public office in his life, 
but is an honest, straightforward man, who believes in honesty and jus- 
tice, and has a first-class farm, in good condition. 

JACOB H. MILLER, farmer, P. O., Shackleford. Owns 165 acres 
of land; was born in Madison county, Virginia, December 29, 1835, and 
was raised and educated in the academic schools of Madison county. His 
father, Jacob, was a tanner, and his mother's name was Mary Ann. He 
left his father in 1855, and came to Saline county, where he was overseer 
on a farm until the year 1863. January 13, 1863, he was married to Miss 
Margaret, daughter of Samuel and Julia E. Miller, of Lexington, Mis- 
souri, by Rev. Mr. Wardsworth. By this union they have five children: 
Mary J., Harvey, Sophy, Araminta D., and Oats. In 1863 he purchased 
land in this county, and commenced farming. In 1867 he purchased his 
present farm, where he has resided since as farmer and stock raiser. 

HENRY SHERK, P. O., Slater. Son of Christian Sherk and Eliza 
Sherk (formerly Springer) his wife, was born in Welland county, Canada, 
February 1, 1838. His father was born in Canada and his mother in 
Pennsylvania. Until 1862 he assisted in the management of his father's 
farm, and then went to the gold regions of Idaho and Montana; was also 
in Oregon, where he taught school for two winters. In the fall of 1866 
he returned to Canada, and married Phoebe Hoover, daughter, of Abram 
and Catherine Hoover. She was born in Haldimand county, Canada. In 
1868 he visited and purchased land in Missouri, and in 1869 came with 
his family, and began improving his land. It being prairie, 185 acres, he 
has it now in a high state of cultivation, adorned with a handsome gothic 
cottage, and his grounds beautifuly laid out to correspond. He is now 
setting his whole farm in grass, which will add greatly to its beauty. He 
is giving his attention almost entirely to stock raising. Canada has done 
well for Saline county, and it would be well for the county if the dominion 
would furnish it more of her sons and daughters. Mr. Sherk has no 
children. 

JOHN YOUNG, P. O., Slater. Son of Henry and Margaret Young, 
of Montgomery county, Missouri, where he was born May 13, 1831, and 
assisted his father on his farm until he was twenty-two years of age, 
when he went to Monroe county, and remained a short time; then to 
Glasgow, and then to Independence, Missouri, engaged mostly as a 
farmer. In 1856 he farmed on the land on which a portion of Kansas 
City now stands. In the fall of that year he went south, and thirty miles 
southwest of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, engaged in setting out and raising 
C3^press timber. From there, after three years, he went to the Sabine 



732 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

river, Texas, and from there made a trip to Liverpool as a sailor. On his 
return, engaged in making a levee on the Wachita river, Arkansas ; then 
up the Mississippi river to Minnesota; returned to Quincy, Illinois, and 
farmed one year in Illinois. In 1860 he came to Saline county, rented a 
farm of Rev. P. G. Rea for one year, and then, in the spring of 1861, 
bought land and improved it. In August, 1861, he enlisted in a Saline 
county company for the Confederate army, and was in the battles of Lex- 
ington, Pea Ridge, Corinth, luka. Grand Gulf, Baker's Creek, and at the 
siege of Vicksburg, where he was paroled and sent to Demopolis, Ala- 
bama; was there exchanged; rejoined the Confederate army under Gen. 
Johnston, in north Georgia, and was at the battle of Atlanta, and there 
wounded, the second time, with a piece of shell. Surrendered in April, 
1865, with Gen. Johnston's army in North Carolina. In the summer of 
1865 he returned to Saline county, and bought the land on which he now 
resides. January, 1868, he married Miss Sarah Ellen Gwinn, daughter of 
William A. and Sarah Gwinn, of this county. They have four children: 
Orlando, Otho, John, and Allen G. Is a member of the Christian Church. 

OLIVER TERRILL, P. O., Slater. Son of Henry T. and Fannie 
Terrill; was born in Garrard county, Kentucky, June 8, 1850, where he 
was raised in the country and educated, taking the management of his 
father's farm at the age of twenty-one. In the fall of 1878 he came to 
Boone county, Missouri, and while on a visit to this county, bought the 
farm of R. H. Willis, four miles southwest of Slater, and in 1880 moved 
to this farm. He was married, July 8, 1875, to Miss Margaret Maupin, 
daughter of T. J. and Jane Maupin, of Madison county, Kentucky. 
They have two children, Thomas Jefferson and Clelland. 

RICHARD B. THORP, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in How- 
ard county, Missouri, in 1824, and was raised on a farm. In 181:8 he came 
over to Saline county and engaged in teaching for several years. He then 
turned his attention to farming, which has occupied him ever since. In 
1848 he was married to Miss Julia A. Marshall, daughter of Richard Mar- 
shall, of Saline county. They have had nine children, of whom seven are 
living : Mary Louisa, James M., Richard J., Joseph T., Jennie, Minnie and 
John. In 1860, Mr. Thorp was elected school commissioner, and held the 
office until it was abolished. In 1865 he was appointed public administra- 
tor and road commissioner, which offices he held until the death of his first 
wife, 1867. In 1869 he married Mrs. Mary A. Marshall, by whom he has 
one child, Richard B. He has been a member of the Baptist church ever 
since his seventeenth year, with his membership at Zoar. Has been a 
very successful farmer, and has raised a large family successfully and 
well, notwithstanding the troublous times through which they have 
passed. During the war Mr. Thorp was steadily and uncompromisingly 
devoted to the cause of the Union, though a Missourian born and raised, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 733 

but he did not enter the army. He was a pronounced republican at the 
close of the war. But in 1S69 to 1870, he became convinced that the 
movement of B. Gratz Brown and Carl Schurz and others, for the re-en- 
franchisement of the rebels and southern sympathizers of Missouri was 
right, and joined in the " Liberal" movement with great earnestness. Mr. 
Thorp was a delegate from Saline to the republican state convention, 
which met in Jefferson City on the 31st of August, 1870. The convention 
divided on the question of enfranchisement, and about two hundred and 
fifty delegates, among whom was R. R. Thorp, led by Carl Schurz, sece- 
ded from the regular body, and organized a " Liberal "convention, and 
nominated a full state ticket. On the return of Mr. Thorpe, and in accor- 
dance with the general agreement, he called a Liberal county convention 
to meet in Marshall, and fixed the day for holding primaries to select dele- 
gates to the same. When the convention assembled Mr. Thorp was 
chosen chairman, and it proceeded to nominate a full set of candidates for 
county offices, and among the rest, Mr. R. B. Thorp was nominated for 
sheriff' of Saline county. It was soon discovered that the registration super- 
visor for this senatorial district was in sympathy with the " Liberal " 
movement. In accordance with certain representations made to him, he dis- 
missed the registrars for this county, (except one) and ordered a new regis- 
tration, in which southern sympathizers who had not been in the army, were 
registered upon taking an oath to support the constitution of the United 
States and of Missouri. This registration let in about 1,200 disfranchised 
democrats to the polls, and the result was that the whole county (and 
state) " Liberal " ticket was elected. Mr. Thorp was elected sheriff, and 
held the office for two years. 

JOHN WALL, P. O., Marshall. Son of Samuel and Margaret Wall, 
Was born January 18, 1819, in Montgomery county, Virginia. Came 
with his parents to Saline county, Missouri, in 1833, and in 1835, settled 
on the farm on which the son now lives, about five miles northeast of 
Marshall, and engaged in farming, until 1846, when he enlisted in the 
Saline compan}^ which formed part of Doniphan's regiment, and took 
part in his expedition to Chihuahua, and participated in the battles of the 
Bracito and Sacramento. In July, 1847, he returned to his farm in Saline. 
In 1849, he went to California, returning home in December, 1842. After 
his return home, he engaged in the mercantile business, at Cambridge, 
under the firm name of M. T. Powell & Co. In 1866, he was elected 
sheriff for four years. February 14, 1856, he was married to Miss Mary 
B. Gault, having five children: Edwin E., John E., Samuel G., 
Henry W. and George Curtis. 

OWEN THOMAS WILLIS, P. O., Slater. Was born in Culpep- 
per county, Virginia, February 20, 1821, where he was raised and edu- 
cated, and assisted on his father's farm until his sixteenth year, then lived 



734 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

with his grandfather, Isaac Willis, and managed his business for twelve years 
His father, Joshua Willis, and his mother, Ava Willis, formerly Garnett, 
were both natives of Culpepper county, Virginia. He was married 
December 10, 1844, to Miss Sarah Ann Garnett, daughter of Larkin and 
Elizabeth Garnett, of Culpepper county, Virginia. He continued farming 
in Virginia until 1850, when he came to this county, and bought 120 acres 
of land, two and one-half miles south of the present site of Slater. After 
building and moving to his farm, he lost his dwelling house by fire, which, 
with its contents were valued at $1,000. After this, he sold out to his uncle, 
Bobert Willis, and bought the farm now owned by Reuben Eubank. Selling 
this to Mr. Eubank, he purchased the farm he now lives on, adjoining the 
town of Norton on the east, containing 160 acres of land. From 1853 to 
1866, he ran a saw mill, six miles east of Miami. Mr. Willis' children 
are as follows: Evelyn P., now Mrs. David C. Morrison, of Saline county; 
Alice, now Mrs. Theodore Haynes, of Slater; Oswald T., Ida B., now 
Mrs. E. H. Head, of Quincy, Illinois; Harry C, William P., Melbourne, 
E., Price, Owen Shelby, and Sarah E., all living. Mr. Willis has been a 
member of the Baptist Church since his eighteenth year, and has been 
connected with Bethel Church for over twenty years. 

JOHN THOMAS & SON, P. O., Marshall. Mr. John Thomas was 
born in Wayne county, Missouri, (from which Oregon and Ripley coun- 
ties were formed), in 1824, where he was educated and raised on a farm. 
From Oregon county he moved to this county in 1863; having enlisted in 
Gen. McBride's command, Missouri State Guards, in 1861, and taken part 
in the battles of Lexington and Wilson's Creek. In 1845 he was married 
to Miss Clarinda Smith, of Oregon county, Missouri. His children con- 
sist of Mary, Elizabeth, William M., George L., Leta, Sarah A., Lafayette, 
Drusilla, Jackson, Ridley, Meredith, and Virginia. Since 1863 Mr. 
Thomas has been engaged in farming and handling stock. His son, W. 
M. Thomas, was born in Oregon county, Missouri, in 1850, and came 
with his father to this county in 1863, and went to farming with him. He 
received his education in this county. Has worked at the carpenter trade. 
In 1877 he was married to Miss Virginia Fisher, daughter of G. T. Fisher, 
of this county. He carries on farming in company with his brother 
Ridley. 

DR. ELIJAH SMITH CLARKSON, deceased. Dr. Clarkson was 
born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, on the 30th of May, 1807, where he 
was raised on a farm, and educated in the " Old Field " schools. He was the 
youngest son of Major William Clarkson, a soldier of the revolution, and a 
native of Albemarle county, Virginia, who came to Bourbon county, Ky., 
at a very early period, entered and settled upon a large body of land. He 
had a large family of children, none of whom are now living. The maiden 
name of his wife was Mary Smith. Dr. Clarkson commenced the study 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 735 

of medicine in Cincinnati, under old Dr. Drake, father of the late Judge 
C. D. Drake, in 1828, and graduated in the medical department of the old 
Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, under Profs. Drake, 
Eberle, Caldwell, McDowell, etc. He first entered on the practice of medi- 
cine near Cincinnati, Ohio, (now within the city limits), but two years 
after, in 1834, moved to Boone county, Kentucky, where he purchased a 
farm, and continued to practice and carry on the farm until 1857. On the 
30th of March, 1833, he married Miss Caroline F. Menzies, then of Boone 
county, Kentucky, but a native of Staunton, Virginia. To this union 
were born ten children, of whom only four are now living: Dr. C. A., 
Mary Elizabeth, Marguerite M., and Adam W. In the fall of 1857 he 
disposed of his farm in Kentucky, and moved to St. Louis county, Mis- 
souri, where he lived until the spring of 1859, when he moved to this 
county and located on a farm of 720 acres, one mile south of Marshall, 
where he engaged largely in the production of hemp, corn and wheat, and 
lived until the winter of 1863-4, when it became so dangerous for southern 
men to live in Saline county, that he returned to Boone county, Kentucky, 
remained there until 1867, and then returned to Marshall. In the mean- 
time all his crops and personal property on the farm having been taken, 
or destroyed, he was unable to meet the balance due on the purchase 
money for his farm, and lost the same completely. When he returned to 
Saline, he engaged in the practice of his profession in and around Marshall, 
until he became too feeble to continue it. He was an earnest and sincere 
Christian, a member of the Old School Presbyterian Church ; and died on 
the 15th of February, 1881. 

THOMAS HUMPHREYS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Harrison 
county, Ohio, in 1836, where he was raised and educated, and lived until 
he came to Missouri, in 1865, and settled in this county, purchasing the 
place on which he now lives. It was mostly raw prairie then. He first 
engaged in handling sheep, having from twelve to fifteen hundred. His 
farm consists of 318 acres, 240 in cultivation, and well improved, good 
house and bam, and well stocked. Mr. Humphreys has been tarming 
all his life. His parents were Scotch-Irish, and came to this country in 
1822, and settled in Ohio when the country was new, even there. At the 
age of seventeen, Thomas took charge of his father's farm, and carried 
it on until twenty-four years of age. He is a precise, exact business man, 
keeping a daily record of every business transaction. Mr. Humphreys 
was married in April, 1877, to Miss Cindarella Oneal, daughter of W. 
Oneal, of Saline county, and has two children: William W., and Eliz- 
abeth J. 

SAMUEL T. STEEL, P. O., Marshall. Was born February 22, 1822, 
near Saline City, in this county, in the bottom, and remembers when 
a small boy, fleeing from the wrath of the overflowed Missouri, his 



736 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

father then moving to a farm three miles southeast of Jonesboro. They 
lived there about eight years, and then moved near Henry Nave, where 
he lived to' his twenty-sixth year, and then moved to the farm on Salt 
Fork, on which he now lives. His father, Adam Steel, came from Chris- 
tian county, Kentucky, in 1813, to Saline, and was one of the very first 
settlers of the county, and was the father of nine children, seven living: 
Benj. P., Thos. J., Sam'l T., Eliza A., Cynthia, Mary J., and Serena M. 
He was mail contractor for eight years, and was a useful and respected 
citizen, and died January 2, 1844. Samuel T. Steel was married in 1872 
to Miss Mary Shannon, daughter of Samuel Shannon, of Saline county, and 
is the father of one child : Elias L. Steel. He is a member of the M. E. 
Church, South, membership at Smith's chapel, and has been for thirty 
years. Is a member of I. O. G. T., of Saline City. Lost all the property 
he had accumulated, in the war, and had to begin again. He was cap- 
tured December 19, 1861, in Robinson's recruits at Blackwater, taken to 
St. Louis, and to Alton, Illinois. Took the oath under protest, and 
returned home. In 1864 joined Gen. Price in his last raid, and surren- 
dered at Shreveport, 1865. 

COLONEL A. T. WATSON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Chris- 
tian county, Kentucky, in 1834, where he was raised and educated until 
his eighteenth year, when he moved to Montgomery county, Tennessee, 
and lived there three years. He then went back to Christian county, his 
father having died. In a short time he moved to Memphis, Tennessee, 
and remained there until 1859, engaged in the grocery business there, and 
at Brownsville, Tennessee. In 1861, he entered the army under 
Magruger, lieutenant in battery, and at the close of the war, was colonel 
in command of the batter}^ He was in the battles of Belmont, Shiloh, 
Murfreesboro, Corinth, and all the Georgia campaign. He served under 
Bragg, Beauregard, Hood, Johnson, etc. Was slightly wounded in the 
service, at Shiloh. Was taken prisoner several times, but always escaped, 
until about the close of the war; was then captured and taken to Camp 
Chase, and stayed there until June 10, 1865, and went to Tuscaloosa, Ala- 
bama. In 1866 he came to this county and bought the farm on which he 
now lives. He started in hfe with $2,000, which he lost in the war; and 
now owns 200 acres of fine land, all in cultivation, and well stocked, which 
he has made by his own energy and industry, aided by his wife. In 1859, 
he was married to Miss Harriet S. Baugh, daughter of Thomas M. 
Baugh, of Tennessee, formerly of Virginia. The Baughs are of French 
extraction, the name being DeBaugh. Colonel Watson's parents were 
from Virginia, moving to Kentucky in 1832. They had a family of eight 
children, five of them now living, three in this county, and two in Ken- 
tucky. During the war, Mrs. Watson had many escapes from the Fed- 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 737 

eral lines, having once to take the oath, but finally, at the close of the war, 
found herself in Alabama, where she was joined by her husband. 

H. ROUSE, mill operator, P. O., Marshall/ Was born in Ross 
county, Ohio, September 13, 1832. Was raised on a farm. In 1800, he 
married Miss S.J. Baker; they have two children living: Charlie and 
Mollie H. Came to this county in 1867, locating on a farm near Malta 
Bend, where he lived until 1877. He then bought a half interest in the 
water mill, situated on Salt Fork, two miles southeast of Marshall. In 
1878, he became the sole owner of said property, which has remained in 
his hands ever since. The mill was built in 1865 and remodeled in 1873 
at a cost of $7,000.00. It has three run of stones, with a capacity of 100 
bushels of wheat and 100 bushels of corn per day. It has all the appara- 
tus necessary for the production of the very best grade of flour. The 
building is forty by thirty feet and three stories high. It has a saw mill 
attached. The dam is built on a rock foundation and has fourteen -foot 
head. He owns forty acres of land contiguous to the mill. 

HENRY C. SIMMONS, farmer and blacksmith, P. O. Marshall. 
Born in Washington Cit}', District of Columbia, August 17, 1813. His 
father, William Simmons, is a native of Ireland, and his mother of Eng- 
land. At an early age Henry moved, with his father's family, to Barren 
county, Kentucky. He was educated in the public schools of that county. 
At the age of fifteen, he learned the blacksmith and gunsmith trade, 
which he followed for seven years in Kentucky. He came to Saline 
county, November 10, 1839, and settled at Marshall. He walked from 
St. Louis to Marshall, where he worked at his trade for ten years. He 
built the first blacksmith and gunsmith shop in Marshall. It stood on 
w^hat is known as "Dog Row." He paid $105 for the lot— 60x120. In 
November, 1849, he married Miss Sarah A. Gilmer, daughter of John 
Gilmer. They have one daughter, Mary E. Wilcox. In same year he had 
an attack of the " gold fever," which carried him oft', across the plains, with 
an ox-team, to California. He remained there two and a half years, 
engaged in freighting, in which business he was quite successful. He 
returned home via the Isthmus and New York, paying '$200 for his pas- 
sage. In 1854, he purchased the farm on which he now resides, consist- 
ing of 600 acres of well-improved farm land. His first wife died June 
18, 1859, and is buried at the Gilmer graveyard. In 1862 he was again 
married, to Miss Frances Vivian, a native of Howard county. Their 
union was blessed with six children, four of whom are now living: Wil- 
liam, Robert, Alfred, and Samuel. 

BENJAMIN F. WHITLOCK, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in 
White county, Tennessee, February 10, 1842. His parents were natives 
of Kentucky. They had three children, of whom Benjamin F. is the 
47 



T3S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

youngest. At the age of nine years he was "bound" to his uncle, James 
M. Gordon, whom he served until 1861. His education was quite lim- 
ited, being compelled by his uncle to work the most of his time. In 1861 
he left his uncle and went to Clark county, Missouri, where he succeeded 
in finding work. While here he joined Gen. M. Green's troops, and par- 
ticipated with them in the battles of Athens and Kirksville. Being taken 
sick he left his company and went to his uncle, William Gordon, in Clark 
county. Recovering, he came to Saline county in 1866. In 1869 he pur- 
chased a farm upon which he settled in 1871, and where he now resides, 
engaged in farming and stock-raising. 

ABRAHAM RUMANS, mill operator and engineer, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Boone county, Missouri, October 24, 1842. Educated at Boone- 
ville and Fayette. In 1859 he came to Saline county, and settled at 
Arrow Rock, where he remained until 1867. March 28, 1862, he enlisted 
in the 5th M. S. M. — Capt. Peter Austermeyer, under Col. Sigel. After 
serving fifteen months in this company, he enlisted in Company "I," 12th 
Missouri cavalry, Capt. W. A. Mills, Col. Well's regiment. He took a 
prominent part in the following battles: Nashville, Frankfort, Clifton. In 

1866 he was married to Emily Ward, a native of Illinois. Four children 
were born to Ihem: Maggie C, Robert L., Oliie B., Abraham R. In 

1867 he came to Marshall, where he has since resided. Part of the time 
he gave his attention to engineering. In 1881 he entered into partnership 
with Mr. F. Tucksmyre, in the fitting up of a saw-mill, situated five 
miles northeast of Marshall. The outfit is entirely new, consisting of a 
portable steam engine, circular saw fifty inches in diameter, and all the 
apparatus necessary for a well appointed mill. It has a capacity of from 
two to five thousand feet per day. It is called the " Eagle Mill." 

N. M. CORBIN, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Nichols 
county, Kentucky, in March, 1833. Was educated in the common 
schools of that county. His father, Joshua, was a native of Maryland, his 
mother being born in Kentucky. N. M., the third child, worked on his 
father's farm in Kentucky until 1859, when he came to Saline county. In 
the same year he purchased the farm where he now resides, consisting of 
212 acres of excellent land, lying five miles east of Marshall. Is engaged 
in farming and sheep-raising. In 1881 he raised sixty-two lambs. March 
7, 1859, he was married to Ellen McClintock, a native of Kentucky. 
They have one son, Thomas M. His wife died in 1864, and was buried 
in Bourbon county, Kentuck}-. In 1871 he was again married, to Miss 
Pauline Ross, a native of Howard county, Missouri. They have one son, 
Nathaniel. His second wife died in 1876, and is buried at Arrow Rock. 

WILLIAM COOPER, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Delaware, 
February 5, 1835. While he was quite young his parents moved to 
Adams county, Illinois; obtained his education in the common schools of 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 739 

that county. Having learned the miller's trade, he followed it up to the 
year 1ST4. In 1873 he was united in marriage to Alice Fanning, a native 
of Morgan county, Illinois. One boy, Mark, was the fruit of their union. 
From 1874 to 1879 he was engaged in farming in Adams county. In the 
latter year he came to Saline county and bought the farm upon which he 
now resides, consisting of eighty acres of well-improved farm land. He 
is giving special attention to the raising of swine of the Berkshire breed. 

PATRICK COONEY, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Ire- 
land, born in the county of Meath, and was educated there. His early life 
was spent on a farm. Immigrated to the United States in 18.54. He 
came to Saline county in 1856. In 1858 he bought the farm upon which 
he now resides, five miles northeast of Marshall. In Februar}', 1861, he 
was married to Sarah Weiley. They have eleven children, six daughters 
and five sons: Mary, Tarasa, Catherine, Sallie, Rose, Bettie, Philip, 
Edward, Patrick, John, and George. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted in 
company C, Col. Crew's regiment, Shelby's division. He participated in 
the following battles: Lexington, Independence, Blues, Westport, New- 
tonia. While in Arkansas he joined the infantry, Capt. Otley's company, 
Col. Mitchell's regiment. Gen. Price in command. Surrendered at Shreve- 
port and came home. 

GARRETT M. DAVIS, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Born in Bourbon 
county, Kentucky, January 23, 1851. His father, Garrett, was a native of 
Kentucky. He married Miss Rebecca Trimble, by whom he had three 
children. His wife dying, he was afterward married to Mrs. Thomas 
Elliott. They had one child. Mrs. Davis died in 1868, and was buried at 
Paris cemetery. Mr. Davis died in 1872, and was buried at the same 
place. Garrett M., the only child by his father's second wife, obtained 
his education. in the common schools of the county of his birth. At the 
age of eighteen he entered the Washington and Lee University, Mrginia, 
where he spent three years. He turned his attention principally to the 
study of the law. After leaving the university he practiced law for five 
years at Paris, Kentucky. In 1879 he came to Saline county and settled 
on the farm where he now resides, situated one and a quarter miles south 
of Marshall, and consisting of 120 acres of good land. In December, 
1876, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth R. Smith, a native of Ken- 
tucky. They have one child, a daughter: Sue H. 

CHARLES W. DOWNS, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of 
this state and county, born October 20 1843. His early life was spent 
upon a farm, and in attending the common schools. His father, Benj. F., 
came to this county in 1830, and settled on what is now known as the 
Swinner farm, four miles southeast of Marshall. He died in 1866, and 
w^as buried in the Stephen Smith graveyard. In 1864, Charles W., the 
oldest child of a family of seven, and the subject of this brief sketch. 



740 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

enlisted in Capt. Diur's company, Col. Wood's battalion, under Price. 
He was held prisoner by Capt. Bingham when the Glasgow fight came 
off. He w^as engaged in the following battles: Lexington, Blues, Inde- 
pendence, Westport, Carthage, Little Osage. At the battle of Westport 
he was struck by a minnie ball, in the shoulder, sustaining a slight flesh 
wound. He surrendered at Shreveport, was regularly paroled and came 
home. In 1869, he was married to Miss Sue Ramsey, by whom he had 
four children, two now living: Benj. H. and Eva. In June, 1871, he 
purchased the farm where he now resides, two miles southeast of Mar- 
shall, consisting of eighty acres of first-class land, which, under his skill- 
ful management, is being transformed into a fine farm. 

DENNIS H. HARTSOOK, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
The oldest son of a family of nine. Is a native of Frederick county, 
Maryland, born January 18, 1831. His parents were natives of same 
state. Dennis attended the common schools up to the age of nine, when 
he, with his father, went to Indiana. Finding no educational faciHties, he 
returned to Maryland for the purpose of completing his education. In 
1855, he moved with his father's family to Illinois. While there he was 
engaged in farming and buying and shipping stock. In 1862, he was mar- 
ried to Mary C. Head, a native of Ohio. They had no children. In 
1869, he came to this county and settled on the farm where he now lives, 
two miles southeast of Marshall, consisting of 200 acres of well improved 
land. Is engaged in breeding blooded stock. He has horses sired by " Mes- 
senger," " Hambletonian," "Trojan," "Flying Duke." His bull is of the 
" Thorndale " stock. He has found a deposit of potter's clay on his farm, 
which is equal, if not superior, to an}- found in any other state. His father, 
Ephraim, died in 1857, while crossing the plains to California. His 
mother died in 1873, and is buried at Rock Island. 

FRANK M. KIDD, P. O., MarshaU. Was born in Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, October 22, 1841. He was educated in the common schools, and also 
at the Methodist College at Millersburg, Bourbon county. While in Ken- 
tucky, was engaged in cattle trading. In March, 1878, he came to this state 
and county, locating near where he now resides. In July, 1880, he was 
married to Mrs. S. M. Steward, a native of this county, and daughter of 
Alfred Allison. They have one child, a son, James A. His wife had one 
child by her former husband, Nillie E. Steward. In 1861, he enhsted in 
company "B," Col. Helm's regiment, under Gen. Sydney Johnson. Was 
mustered out at Chattanooga, in 1862. Re-enlisted in the same year, 
under Gen. Morgan, company " D," Eighth Kentucky, Col. Clarke. He 
was engaged in the following battles: Harts ville, and others that 
occurred on the raid into Ohio. Was captured there, and held prisoner 
for eighteen months. He was with President Davis the day before he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 741 

was captured, having the treasury in charge. Is now living on a farm of 
seventy acres, three and a half miles southeast of Marshall. 

J. W. NEWLAND, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Barren 
county, Kentucky, born in Januar}-, 1810. Was raised on a farm, obtain- 
ing his education in the common schools of that county. His parents 
were natives of Virginia. At the age of seventeen, he went to Crab 
Orchard, Lincoln county, Kentucky, where he acted as clerk, during 
twenty-four years, for the mercantile firm of Whitley & Hogg. At the 
end of that time, he purchased the business, continuing in it fifteen years. 
At the age of thirty-five, he was united in marriage to Miss Esther Whit- 
ley, a native of Kentuck}-, by whom he had six children, three now living: 
William F., Andrew S. and Jennie. His first wife died in December, 1851. 
and was buried in Louisville. He left Crab Orchard in May, 1851, 
and moved to Louisville. Went into the jobbing grocery business at 
first and afterwards to wholesaling dry goods. While there, he was again 
married to Mrs. Moran, a native of Kentucky, who died a short time after 
their marriage. In 1856, he moved to Pettis county, and in the following 
year was married to Bettie Woodson, a native of Virginia ; six children 
were born to them, five now living: Emma, Price, Thomas, Joseph and 
Harry. While here, he owned a farm of 1427 acres, farming it upon a 
large scale. In 1862, he went to St. Louis, where he remained during the 
war, engaged in furnishing the X government with hay and cattle. After 
the war, he returned to Pettis county, and sold his farm. In December, 
1879, he came to this county and settled upon the farm where he now 
resides, consisting of 200 acres of blue grass land. He is a member of the 
Baptist church, at Marshall. 

VARDAYMON W. DAWSON, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a 
native of Hart county, Kentucky, born September 7, 1841. His parents 
were natives of same state. At the age of nine, he came to this state and 
county, with his father, who died a short time after arriving, and settled 
near Marshall, on a farm. Was educated in the common schools of this 
county. In 1853, he bought the farm upon which he now resides, three 
and a half miles southeast of Marshall, consisting of eighty acres of fine 
farming land. In 1862, November 18, he enlisted in Capt. Crispin's com- 
pany, Col. Gordon's regiment of cavalry, under Gen. Kirby Smith. 
Participated in the following battles: Springfield, Hartsville, Marshfield, 
Frederickstown, Poison Springs, Helena, Marks Mills, Pine Blufi', Little 
Rock. He was taken prisoner at Helena, remaining in prison until 
March 1, 1865, when he was exchanged at Richmond. He re-enlisted in 
2d Missouri cavalry, Capt. Sutherland's company, under Gen. Forrest. 
Remained with this command until its surrender at Columbus, Missis- 
sippi. He then returned to his farm, upon which he still resides with his 
sister. 



743 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

OWEN SWEENEY, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Ireland, 
born in 1831. He followed the sea for six 3'ears, during which time he 
visited many different countries. Finally he landed in New York, and 
cruised about on dry land a while. His life has been an eventful one, 
experiencing some hair-breadth escapes, upon the plains, among the 
Indians. In 1854, he came to Saline county. In 1866, he married Emily 
Cox, a native of this county, by whom he had eight children, six of whom 
are now living: Ellen E., Melissa E., Thomas B., Emma A., Orren E., 
and John. In 1862, he enlisted, at St. Louis, in the Eleventh Illinois U. 
S. Infantry, Capt. Duncan's company, under Gen. McPherson. Held the 
rank of first sergeant. Participated in the following battles: Fort Don- 
elson Shiloh, Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hills, Liver- 
pool Heights, on the Yazoo; Yazoo City, Jackson, Fort Blakely. In 
1872, he purchased 160 acres of land, upon which he now resides, con- 
tentedly in th*e bosom of his family, who are never tired of listening to the 
narration of his experiences and narrow escapes. 

ELMER PHILLIPS, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born in Ross county, Ohio, May 28 1861. At the age of five years he 
came to Saline county with his mother and brothers. The family settled 
upon the farm where he now resides, four miles southeast of Marshall. 
He was educated in the common schools of this county. March 22, 1881, 
he was united in marriage to Miss Susan Cook, a native of Wyoming 
county, Virginia. His father, Geo. Phillips was a native of Ross county, 
Ohio. Was raised on a farm. In 1849, was married to Hannah Mc- 
Phiders, by whom he had five children, four sons and one daughter, all of 
whom are now living: Frank M., George A., Ellsworth, Evaline, and 
Elmer. The old gentleman died in 1861, and was buried in Ross county, 
at the Chillicothe cemetery. 

ELLSWERTH PHILLIPS, farmer and stock-feeder, P. O., Mar- 
shall. The subject of this sketch is the third son of George Phillips, was 
born in Ross county, Ohio, in December, 1856. He attended the com- 
mon schools of that county, and also of this county, after the removal of 
the family hither, which occurred in 1866. Was reared upon a farm. In' 
August 1879, he was joined in wedlock to Miss Georgia Ann Hunter, a 
native of this county. Their wedded happiness was sadly brought to a 
termination bythe death of his wife, which occurred May 10, 1881. She 
was buried in the Odell graveyard, north of Marshall. Since her death his 
mother has made her home with him, on his farm of eighty acres, where 
he is engaged in farming and feeding stock. 

BENJAMIN F. DOWNS, deceased. Was born in Clark county, 
Indiana, August 13, 1820. His early life was spent on a farm and in 
attending the common schools of said county. In 1842 he came to this 
county in company with his brother, Letitia Neely, (the lady whom he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 743 

afterwards married), her sister and her husband. At that early day, there 
being- no railroads in this section, they were obliged to travel in wagons. 
On January 16, 1S43, he was united in marriage to Miss Neely, by whom 
he had live children, all of whom are now living, two sons and three 
daughters: Chas. W., Alvin F., Margaret A., Laura A., and Synthia B. 
Benjamin F., the subject of this sketch, died August 15, 1867, and was 
buried at the Stephen Smith cemetery. His widow, Mrs. Letitia Downs, 
still lives with her daughters upon the home place of 200 acres, which is 
under her sole supervision. A glance at the farm and its appointments, 
shows the passer-by that a skillfull hand is at the helm. Benjamin, dur- 
ing his life time, was a consistent member of the Christian Church, at 
Marshall. Mrs. Downs is also an active member of the same church. 

THOS. T. PIPER, farmer and stockraiser, P. O., Marshall. Is a 
native of this county, born April 19, 1856. His father, John Piper, was a 
native of Virginia, and born in 1804. Was about twenty-six years of age 
when he came to this state and county. He was married in 1829 to Miss 
Huston, by whom he had six children, five of whom are now living. She 
died in 1850 and was buried in Arrow Rock. In 1853 he was again mar- 
ried to Jeannette McMahon, a native of Cooper county. They had two 
children, one son, Thomas T., and one daughter, Mrs. Jennie Hufiaker. 
He died in February, 1865, and was buried at Arrow Rock. Mrs. Piper 
is still living. Thomas T., the subject of our sketch, was educated in the 
public schools of this county, and his early life was spent on a farm. He 
was married, March 22, 1877, to Susan J. Thorp, a daughter of Richard 
Thorp, and a native of this county. They have two children, one son and 
one daughter; Clarence N. and Hattie G. He is now engaged in culti- 
vating a fine farm of 120 acres. 

J. M. SPHAR, farmer and stock-feeder, P. O., Marshall. Was born 
in Clark county, Kentucky, January 2, 1849. His father, Willis F., and 
his mother, Mary E., were natives of the same state and county. J. M., 
the eldest of a family of eight, was educated in the common schools. His 
early life was spent on a farm. In 1868 he removed to Boone county, 
where he remained for eighteen months. At the end of this period he 
came to this state and county, and leased a farm seven miles south of Mar- 
shall, upon which he lived for eleven years. In the fall of 1880, he, in 
partnership with C. M. Gilpin, purchased a farm two and three-fourth 
miles north of Marshall, consisting of 860 acres, upon which they carry on 
an extensive business in feeding and shipping stock, the average number 
fed per year exceeding 600 head. In June, 1870, he was united in mar- 
riage to E. A. McClure, a native of Montgomery county. They have 
four children, one son and three daughters: Willis, Pearly, Lucy, and 
Willie. 



744 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

MILVIN GODMAN, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. Is a 
native of Bourbon county, Kentucky. Was born August 14, 1818. Was 
reared and educated there. His father, William, was a native of Virginia, 
and born near Richmond. He married a Miss Drummonds, a native of 
Bourbon county. They had four children, none of whom are now living. 
His wife dying, he again married a Mrs. Smith, (whose maiden name was 
Sarah Litton,) a native of Maryland. She had six children by her former 
husband. By this wife he had five children, three of whom are now 
living, Milvin being the only son. William moved to Marion county, 
Missouri, and purchased some land. He died here in 1830. His widow, 
with Milvin and the youngest children returned to Kentucky, where they 
remained six 3'ears. The family, with the exception of Milvin, then went 
back to Marion county, where Mrs. Godman died, in 1854. Milvin, still 
remained in Kentucky, and was married to Mary R. Marsh, a native of 
Nicholas county, born in 1825. Eight children were born to them, four of 
whom are now living; two sons and two daughters: William C, B. M., 
Mrs. Josephine C. Way and Mrs. Mattie B. Naylor. In 1868, he moved 
to this county, and in September of the same year, settled one and a half 
miles northwest of Marshall, upon the farm where he now resides, con- 
taining 200 acres of excellent land. 

WILLIAM C. GODMAN, farmer, P. O., Marshall. The subject 
of the following brief sketch is a native of Bourbon count}', Kentucky, 
born June 27, 1845. He is the eldest of a family of eight children and was 
educated in the common schools. Was raised on a farm. In 1862, he 
enlisted in Captain Breckenridge's company, under General John Morgan. 
Was the second man to join the company. He was engaged in the 
following battles: Cynthiana, Gallatin, Tennessee; Hartsville, Nashville, 
Lebanon, Kentucky; Brandenburg, Lexington, and all in which his com- 
mand was engaged while on their raid into Ohio. He was captured at 
Buffington Island and imprisoned for nineteen months. When he was 
released, he was suffering with the "bone scurvy." Afterwards he joined 
President Davis' body-guard and was with him until his capture. On the 
morning before they separated, Davis divided the contents of the treasury 
among his guard, giving each man $26, a portion of which Mr. Godman 
still retains. In 1868, he came to this count}-, with his father's family, 
with whom he lived till marriage. In September, 1873, he was married 
to Mary F. Lawter, a native of this state. A short time after his mar- 
riage he went back to Kentuck}-, returning to this count}- at the end of 
two years and settling where he now resides. His farm contains 200 
acres of good tillable land. They have had four children, three sons and 
one daughter, all living: William H., Thomas M., Charles F. and Lee, 
dauiihter. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 745 

THOMAS McDONOUGH, farmer and stock-feeder, P. O., Marshall. 
Was born in Ma3-o county, Ireland, May 10, 1S21. His parents are 
natives of same country. He is the recipient of a good common school 
education. During the time he lived in Ireland he engaged in farming. 
In 1840 he went to London, where he spent five years, following the occu- 
pation of a builder. He was married to Margaret Boyle, a native of his 
own country. They had nine children, six of whom are now living: Ber- 
nard, Timothy, Nancy, John, Mary and Thomas Jr. In 1851 he came to 
the United States, landing in New York city, where he remained for three 
months. From there he went to Thompkins county, stopping one year, 
and from there to Schuyler county, Illinois, where he remained fifteen 
years. Next, we find him in Chariton county, Missouri, living here one 
and a half years, at the end of which time he came to this county. In 
1871, he located upon the farm where he is now living, consisting of 1,040 
acres, and located three miles southwest of Marshall. He also own, 160 
acres three miles west of same place. His family are members of the 
Catholic Church of Marshall. 

WILLIAM E. PRIOR, P. O., Marshall. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Charleston, S. C, December 23, 1842. His father, William, was 
a native of Ireland, emigrating to the United States in 1832, and settling in 
Charleston. In the same year he married Ellen Johnson, also a native of 
his fatherland. Seven children were born to them, five of whom are 
now living, four sons and one daughter. In 1845 he moved his family to 
this state and count}', locating four miles west of Marshall. William E. 
the third child, was quite young when the family- came here. He 
obtained his early education at a subscription school of the county, and 
at the age of twenty-three attended the academy of Christian Brothers, 
in St. Louis. Leaving there, he took a commercial course at a branch of 
the same college at La Salle, Illinois. After finishing the course he 
returned home, and has been identified with the interests of the county 
ever since. He was married February 7, 1869, to Frances E. Prior, a 
cousin, and a native of South Carolina. At present he is living on a well 
improved farm of 155 acres, upon which is a splendid orchard, consisting 
of 150 trees of many varieties. His wife is an active member of the 
Catholic Church at Marshall. 

JOHN T. VAN HOOK, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of 
Bourbon county, Kentucky, born November 11, 1850. His father, John 
W., and his mother, Margaret, are both natives of that state. John T., 
the second child of a family of six, was educated in the common schools 
of that county, and also at a high school at Paris, Kentucky. Was reared 
on a farm. In 1871 he was joined in wedlock to Lucy Prather, a native 
of his county. They have one child, a boy: Lester Orren. While in 
Kentuckv, he was engaged in farming. In the spring of 1870 he moved 



746 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

to this state, living in Cass county for one year. The following spring he 
came to this county. In the spring of 1881 he bought the farm upon 
which he now resides, consisting of eighty acres of fine blue grass land. 
It is situated about three miles west of Marshall. He is an honored mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church, South, and stands high in the esteem of his 
fellow-citizens. 

. W. C. BASKETT, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Fluvanna 
county, Virginia, July 22, 1826. When six years of age, he went to 
Shelby county with his parents, where he was educated and spent the 
greater part of his life. His parents were both natives of Virginia, living 
on a farm. October 23, 1845, he married Amanda E. Yeager, a native 
of Jefferson county, Kentucky, by whom he had eleven children, nine of 
whom are now living: James, Charley F., Mrs. Mary Devall, Mrs. Alice 
Thompson, Mrs. Phoebe Bozzell, Rosa, Maggie, Carrie, Lizzie. While 
living in Kentucky he engaged in farming. During the years of 1871 
and 1872 he operated a distillery in connection with his other business. 
By the accidental explosion of a steam boiler the building and apparatus 
sustained damages, the reparation of which cost him it)6,000. In addition 
to this he was obliged to pay $6,000 government tax for the time during 
which his distillery was lying idle. Being unable to raise the money at 
the time, his entire property was attached and sold to liquidate his indebt- 
edness. He succeeded in saving about $5,000 from the wreck, which he 
brought to Missouri and invested in Saline county land. He owns 160' 
acres of excellent land. 

V JAMES H. CRADDOCK, farmer, P. O., Marshall. The Craddock 
family is of English origin. The great grandfather of the subject of this 
sketch came from England at an early day, and settled in Virginia. His, 
(James') father, Zarrell R., was born in Virginia. Moving to Kentucky 
when a boy, he settled on the Little Bowen river, in Washington county.. 
In 1824 he was married to Mary McElney, a native of that state. They 
had seven children, four of whom are now living, two sons and two 
daughters: William J., now living in Louisville, Kentuck}^; James H., of 
Saline county, Missouri; Elizabeth Neal, now of Bates county, and Mrs. 
J. D. Rosseau, of Perryville, Kentucky. He was a prominent stock 
raiser. Died in the year 1847, and was buried at Hunley Church yard, 
six miles south of Louisville. His remains have since been moved to the 
cemetery near the city. His wife died in 1839, and lies buried in the same 
place. James H., the third son, was born in Barren county, Kentucky, in 
1832. He was educated there, and at the age of fifteen he moved to 
Cooper county, and lived three years with his brother, near Booneville. 
He then came to this county, where he has lived since. He and his oldest 
son bought the farm where he now resides, three miles south of Marshall^ 
consisting of 200 acres of fine blue grass land. In 1861 his brother, 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 747 

Pascal D., enlisted from this county in a company raised by John Marma- 
duke. They were ordered to Jefferson City, where he was promoted to 
second lieutenant. Lieut. Craddock was engaged in the battles of Boone- 
ville and Carthage. His captain being wounded, and wishing to go to 
Virginia, he obtained a furlough and acco;npanied him thither. He came 
back to Louisville, and while there, died of consumption, in September, 
1862. He was buried in Cave Hill cemetery. He was married to 
Rebecca S. Sandwich, a native of this county, in 1866. They had six 
children, four of whom are now living, two sons and two daughters, 
Luella, Archie, Robert and Mary E. 

HENRY H. HARRIS, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Marshall. 
Born in Howard county, Missouri, February 23, 1825. His father, Peter 
B. Harris, was a native of New London, Connecticut. Was a hatter by 
trade. Came to Franklin, Howard county, in 1817. Here he married 
Miss Ann Hook, sister of William and Henry Hook, Santa Fe traders. 
William put up and operated a grist-mill on the site of the present one on 
Salt Fork, in 1832 or '33. People came twenty miles to this mill. Peter 
B. and his wife were blessed with five children, all boys, one of whom is 
now living, Henry H. Peter B. died in 1875; his wife followed him in 
1876. Both were buried in the Gilmer Cemetery. Henry H., the oldest 
son, was educated at New Franklin and at Boone ville. In 1846 he went 
to Santa Fe, New Mexico, entering into a partnership with his uncle, 
William Hook, which continued until 1847. In the spring of 1850 he 
went to California, where he remained until 1855, meeting with a moder- 
ate degree of success in mining. On his outward trip he crossed the 
plains with an ox team, returning by way of the isthmus. In the fall of 
1855 he purchased the farm entered by his father, consisting at that time 
of 400 acres, which by industry and economv he has increased to 500 
acres. It is well improved, having a very fine dwelling and all of the 
appliances necessary for the cultivation of a well ordered farm. It is situ- 
ated on the Marshall and Arrow Rock road, about five miles east of the 
former place. February 10, 1857, he married Mary Ann Staples, daugh- 
ter of Col. James Staples, a native of Henry county, Virginia. They have 
six children, four girls and two boys: Mamie, Virginia, Annie Bird, 
May S., Thomas, and Henry H., Jr. In the fall of 1872 he was elected 
collector for Saline county. In 1874 he was re-elected to the same office, 
serving two terms with honor and credit to himself and his county. In 
1850 he started with nothing. In 1874 we find him owning a fine farm of 
500 acres, and standing high in the esteem of his friends and neighbors. 

JAMES W. KENT, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Fluvanna county, 
Virginia, July 10, 1834, where he was raised and educated. His father, 
H. L. Kent, was a native of Virginia, and born October 25, 1810. May 
24, 1833, he married Miss Mary J. Page, a native of Goochland county. 



74S HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Virginia. They had fourteen children, ten of whom are living, four sons 
and six daughters: James W., Warner R., Thomas J., Napoleon B., Mrs. 
Sarah E. Allen, Mrs. Mary L. Moyer, Mrs. Martha Hauchins, Mrs. Min- 
erva A. Jones, Adeline and Jane E. Mr. H. L. Kent lives at North Garden, 
Albemarle county, Virginia. James W., the eldest son, and the subject 
of this sketch, came to Saline county, Missouri, in 1864. He is a stone- 
cutter by trade, and followed that occupation in Virginia, but when he 
came to this county, he settled on a farm, about five miles from Marshall, 
upon which he still lives and farms. September 23, 1864, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Joanna Burnley, a native of Albemarle county, Virginia, 
daughter of James M. Burnley, who was a native of Goochland county, 
Virginia. He married Prudence Sommons, and they have two children, 
now living, Mrs. Joanna Kent and Mrs. Elizabeth Steele. Mr. Burnley 
came to Saline county in 1845, and went to Gen. Smith's farm, where he 
lived as the general's overseer for sixteen years. In 1861, he moved to 
the farm on which he now lives with his son-in-law, James W. Kent. Mr. 
and Mrs. Kent have had seven children, six of whom are now living: 
James L., William Warner, Richard E. R., (E. M., now dead), Charles 
W., Mary Ella and Dovie M. In the latter part of May, 1864, about one 
o'clock at night, the family were awakened by the dogs, and then startled 
by a shot fired into one of the lower rooms, the mark made by the bullet 
being still visible. From an upstairs window (the moon shining brightly), 
Mr. Kent could see five men in the yard, dressed in blue uniform. He 
immediately slipped down stairs with a loaded rifle in his hands, and 
crawled toward the east front door, in order to reach and open a parti- 
tion door, that would guard both front doors, there being two to the 
house. When he reached the east front door, the men were pounding on 
it and demanding admission. Mr. Kent called out, " Gentlemen, if you 
break down the door, you do so at your own risk." They demanded 
what he said? As he begun to repeat it, a shot came crashing through 
the door, passing over Mr. Kent, who was stooping, and lodging in the 
partition. The men then disappeared and that was the last of it. On 
going into the west room, Mr. Kent found Mr. Burnley busily loading a 
shot-gun. 

CAPT. JOSEPH P. ELLIOTT, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Rich- 
mond, Virginia, May 27, 1840. His father, Benjamin Elliott, was also a 
native of Virginia, and married Angelina Crenshaw, a native of Hanover 
county, Virginia. They had six children, four of whom are now living, 
three boys and one girl: Cornelius D., Edwin V., Joseph P., and Mrs. 
Anna McCrosky. In 1843 Benjamin Elliott moved to Missouri, and set- 
tled in Saline county, about six miles northwest of Arrow Rock, upon a 
farm. About the year 1844 he died, and was buried at Concord Church. 
His wife survived him about twenty years, died in 1864, and was buried 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 749 

with him at Concord Church. Joseph was raised and educated in Saline 
county, and was engaged in farming when the war broke out. In 1861, 
he enlisted in the southern army. When he returned to the county after 
the war ended, he again went to farming, and in IhbO bought the farm on 
which he now lives, six miles east of Marshall. In December, 1868, he 
was married to Miss Mary T. Ross, a native of Fayette, Howard county. 
Her parents were natives of Indiana. Her father, James Ross, died, and 
was buried in 1860, in Boliver, Polk county, Missouri. His wife survived 
him until 1874, when she died, and was buried at Arrow Rock, in this 
county. Mr. Joseph P. Elliott has only two children, both girls: Josie 
and Mamie. Mr. Elliott enlisted in 1861, in Capt. Wm. B. Brown's com- 
pany, as a private, in the state guard service. Afterward under Capt. 
Sutherlin, and was in the battles of Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, 
Lexington. In 1862 enlisted in the Confederate army, first lieutenant, 
company E, 1st Missouri cavalry. Col. Shelby. He was in nearly all the 
battles and fights in which Shelby was engaged in the war — Coon Creek, 
Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, Springfield, where he was wounded in the leg 
and disabled four months; carried in an ambulance to Hartsville, where 
he was abandoned by his own men, and taken prisoner; was paroled 
and exchanged at Batesville, Arkansas; rejoined his command, and was 
promoted to captain, Capt. Garrett having been wounded at Hartsville, 
and died from his wounds — Cape Girardeau, Helena, Brownsville, Little 
Rock; volunteered in Shelby's raid to Missouri, fall of 1863, fighting all 
the way, and battles of Marshall, Prairie De Ann, Mark's Mills, Iron 
Mountain, Lexington, Big and Little Blue, Independence, Westport, near 
Fort Scott, Newtonia, Cane Hill, and Fayette, etc. Capt. Elliott had 
three horses shot under him during these long years of fighting. 

WILLIAM S. DURRETT, P. O., Marshall. Mr. W. S. Durrett 
was born in Saline county, April 13, 1834, where he was raised and edu- 
cated. At the age of eighteen, he attended one session at the State Uni- 
versity at Columbia. He is the fourth son of William L. Durrett, and, 
until his marriage, farmed on his father's farm. In 1856, he was married 
to Miss Louisa Lankford, daughter of Jesse Lankford, and sister of the 
present circuit clerk of Saline county. Soon after his marriage, Mr. 
Durrett moved to the farm where S. P. Allen now lives, where he lived 
until he bought the farm he now lives on from Mr. Lankford, situated six 
miles east of Marshall, and containing 240 acres of prime land. He has 
only one son, Frank, who is twenty-four years of age. In 1862, he 
enlisted, as a private, in the Confederate army, Garrett's company, Gor- 
don's regiment, Shelby's brigade, and was in the following battles: Coon 
Creek, Prairie Grove, Springfield, Hartsville, Helena, Pine Blufi"", Cape 
Girardeau, Camden, Mark's Mills, Little Rock, Saline River, Cove 
Creek, Cane Hill, Booneville, Lexington, Big and Little Blue, Independ- 



ToU HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ence, Westport, Five Prairie Creek, Newtonia, &c., &c. Surrendered, 
and came home in ]S65. 

JAMES S. INGRAM, deceased. Was born in Montgomery 
county, Virginia, April 4, 1802, where he was reared and educated. 
In 1829, he moved to Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, where he sold 
goods with his uncle, Waddy T. Curren, until 1832. In 1830, he was 
married to Mary J. Gorham, a native of Robinson county, Tennessee, 
coming to Howard county, with her father, in 1820. Her father was a 
native of Loudon county, Virginia. Her mother was a Seig, and a 
native of South Carolina. In 1834, after living in Randolph county, Mis- 
souri, for several years, Mr. Ingram moved to Hinds county, Mississippi, 
w'here he lived about two years. He then moved back to Missouri, 
to Saline county, and settled on what is now known as the Frazer farm, 
near Saline city, which Mrs. Ingram's father bought at the land sales of 
1819, and lived there until 1848. He then moved to the farm on which 
Mrs. Ingram now lives, six miles east of Marshall. They have had thir- 
teen children, only six of whom are now living, four girls and two boys: 
Mrs. Mary F. AUison, Mrs. Virginia A. Boyd, Mrs. Missouri A. Gaines, 
Mrs. Armeda Ballard, James G., and Robert B. Mr. James S. Ingram 
farmed in SaHne until he died, which event took place, September 20, 
1878. He was buried on the home place, where he died, and his widow 
5till lives with her son Robert. The farm contains 120 acres of choice 
land, well timbered and watered. 

JOHN A. TRIGG, deceased. Was born in the year 1815, in Virginia. 
When he was a child his parents moved to Tennessee, then to Alabama, 
and in 1830, moved to Chariton county, Missouri, near Glasgow. He 
received a thorough education. In 1835, he came to this county, and in 
the same year married Miss Rebecca Bingham, of this county, and cousin 
of the celebrated artist of that name. She died October, 1850. In 1836 
he was elected clerk and recorder of the county, which office he held fif- 
teen years. Mr. Trigg had read law with Col. Davidson, and at the age 
of twenty was admitted to the bar. In 1849 he went to California, and 
returned in 1850. While in California he was offered a high position 
there, and intended to return there, when he came back to Missouri, but 
his wife died in the meantime, and he never went back. In 1852 he was 
married to Miss Amanda H. Harvey, of Saline county, and also a cousin 
of George Bingham, the artist. From 1853 to 1867, he lived in Cooper 
county, then returned to Saline county, and in 1870 was elected clerk of 
the circuit court, which office he held until his death, March 14, 1872. 
He was a strong Union man in the war, and a member of the Methodist 
Church from a boy. He had six children by his first wife, five of them 
still living, two by the second wife: Dotia A., and Abner J. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 751 

ANDREW OLSON, stone-mason, P. O., Marshall. Was born in 
Sweden, December 27, 18-16, where he was raised on a farm. At the 
age of twenty, learned the stone-mason trade. In 1869 he came to the 
United States, stopped in Illinois four months, and then came to Sedalia, 
Missouri, and followed bridge-building on the railroad for two years. In 
1871 came to this county and located in Marshall, where he has since 
lived, and done an extensive business in his line — sometimes amounting to 
$15,000 per year. He was the means of bringing to this county quite a 
colony of an intelligent and an industrious class of people from Sweden. 
He is an elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. In 1865 he was 
married to Miss Caroline Bowman, of Nova, Sweden. They have three 
children: Emily, Matilda O., and William, 

L. H. DUGGINS, deceased. Was a millwright b}- trade, and was 
born in Louisa county, Virginia, January 5, 1808, where he was raised on 
a farm. In 1838 he came to Saline county, and worked at his trade here 
for some years. In 1849 he took the gold fever and went to California, 
where he was successful in mining, and returned to this county in 1853; 
located in Cambridge, and engaged in merchandising, which he continued 
till the breaking out of the war. He then sold out and went to farming, 
at which he continued until his death, September 19, 1875. He was a 
rnember of the Methodist Church since he was a boy, and honest and con- 
.scientious in all his dealings. He began life with nothing, and accumu- 
lated quite a fortune, nearly all of which he lost in the war. He w^as first 
married soon after he came to Missouri, to Miss Hester A. Goodrich, and 
had two children. She died in 1847. Was married again in 1860, to Miss 
Ann Eliza Doak, daughter of Col. Samuel Doak, of this county, formerly 
of Augusta county, Virginia. By this union there are two children: 
Lizzie Lee and Mary Blanche. 

DR. C. W. CHASTAIN, ph^-sician, P. O., Marshall. Dr. Chastain 
was born in Benton county, Missouri, May 6, 1857. When he was five 
years of age his father moved to Henry county, Missouri, where they 
lived until 1865, and then moved to Pettis county, where they lived until 
1869, and he went to school at Forest Grove Institute. His father dying, 
his mother moved to Marshall, in this county, where he finished his 
schooling under Prof. Newton. In 1872 and 1874 he was page in the 
state senate; was deputy recorder in 1877, and in 1878 was deputy circuit 
clerk. In 1879 he entered the medical department of the State Univers- 
ity, Columbia, Missouri, where he graduated in 1880, and then entered the 
New York College of physicians and surgeons, and there graduated May 
13, 1881. He then engaged in practice with his brother, Dr. M. T, Chas- 
tain, in Marshall, Saline county. 

JACOB FINK, Fink & McLumphy, blacksmith and machine shop, P. 
O., Marshall. Was born in Germany, August 28, 1836, and in 1854 he 



752 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

came to the United States, and located in St. Louis, and learned the black- 
smith trade. In 1861 he enlisted in the 4th Missouri cavalry, as regimental 
blacksmith, for three years. In 1865 he went to the Rocky Mountains. 
Returned, and in 1867 engaged in the blacksmith business in Kimmswick, 
Missouri, for ten years. In 1877 he came to this county and located in 
Marshall, where he carried on his trade until 1881. In 1881 he entered in 
partnership with Mr. McLumphy, and they are now erecting in Marshall 
an extensive machine shop, two stories high, forty-five feet front, and 
sixty-five feet back, in which they propose to repair all kinds of machinery, 
and manufacture plows and wagons. In 1867 he was married to Miss 
Gertrude Smith, of Jefferson county, Missouri, and has six children, all 
living: Matilda E., Emily M., Annie G., Carrie, Frederick, and Charles E. 

JOHN R. SPARKS, carpenter, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Tioga 
county, N. Y., September 26, 1842, where he was raised on a farm. At 
the age of fifteen he went to sea, and followed sea life until he was 
twenty-three years old. In 1862-3 he served in the U. S. navy for four- 
teen months, on the steam sloop of war Brooklyn, in Admiral Farragut's 
fleet. In 1866 he came to Missouri, and landed in Saline county without 
a dollar, and now owns a handsome home of ten acres, adjoining Mar- 
shall, and one of the finest orchards in the county. In 1867 he com- 
menced the carpenter trade in Marshall, contracting and building until 
1879, when he accepted the position of foreman for E. R. Page. He is 
a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Knights of Pythias. In 
July, 1864, he was married to Miss Malinda M. Edson, of Tioga county, 
New York, and has had five children, three of whom are living: John 
R., jr., Lola E., and Georgie A. 

DR. N. M. EDWARDS, Smith & Edwards, physicians, P. O., Slater. 
Was born in Christian county, Kentucky, February 22, 1839, where he was 
raised on a farm, and graduated at Bethel College, Kentucky, in 1857. 
He then commenced the study of medicine, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1860. He began the practice 
of his profession in Christian county, and remained there until January, 
1881, when he came to Saline county, Missouri, and located in Slater, 
and entered into co-partnership with Dr. E. W. Smith. He has been 
recently appointed physician for the C. &. A. railroad. He was married 
in 1860 to Miss Lutitia Douglas, of Sumner county, Tennessee. She 
died. May 18, 1874, leaving four children: Rufus D., Younger, Georgie, 
and James S. He was again married October, 1875, to Miss Maggie 
Gunnell, of Bloomington, Illinois. In 1862 he enlisted in the Ninth 
Kentucky infantry, C. S. A., and was appointed surgeon of the regi- 
ment, and in 1863 was appointed brigade-surgeon, and served in that 
capacity to the end of the war. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 753' 

JUDGE JAMES COONEY, probate judge, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born m Ireland, August 26, 184S. At the age of six he came with his 
parents to the United States. They located at Troy, New Y^mk. When 
he was only eight years old he was left an orphan by the death of both 
of his parents. His early life was spent on a farm, and at the age of 
eighteen, in 1866, he came to Knoxville, Illinois, and attended the Knox- 
ville academy, and taught school at the same time. In 1868 he attended 
the State University at Columbia, Missouri, teaching at the same time, 
until 1872. From 1873 to 1875 he was principal of the high school at 
Sturgeon, Boone county, Missouri, and read law during the time. In the 
fall of 1875 he came to Marshall, in this county, was admitted to the bar, 
and located there for the practice of his profession, and entered into 
co-partnership with L. W. Scott, Esq. From 1876 to 1880 he was justice 
of the peace for Marshall township, and in 1880 was elected probate 
judge of Saline county. In December, 1874, he was married to Miss 
Lilly Orme, of Sturgeon, Missouri, and she died in March, 1875. 

BENJAMIN F. NAYLOR, Willis & Naylor, grocers, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Was born in Dallas county, Arkansas, October 21, 1851. When 
he was six years old his parents moved to St. Louis county, Missouri, 
where he grew up on a farm, and was educated in the common schools. 
In 1870 he came to this county, and settled in Marshall, and clerked for 
the grocery house of P. H. Rea until 1879, when he entered into partner- 
ship in the grocery business, with R. H. Willis, making one of the leading 
houses in Marshall. On the 9th of June, 1875, he was married to Miss 
A. D. Paxton, daughter of Rev. J. T. Paxton, of this county. They have 
had three children, of whom two are living: Frank H. and Archie W. 

PHILIP H. FRANKLIN, druggist, P. O., Marshall. Was born on 
the 4th of July, 1841, in Campbell count}-, Virginia, where he was raised 
on a farm, and was educated in the private schools. At the first call of 
Virginia for troops he enlisted in the 11th Virginia infantry, and was in 
that famous brigade, commanded first by Longstreet, then by Beaure- 
gard, then A. P. Hill, Kemper, and Terry, and was in the battles of Bull 
Run, Drainsville, Yorktown, Seven Pines, seven days' battle, Williams- 
burg (where he was w^ounded), and the battle of Frazier's Farm (where 
he was taken prisoner and kept in Fort Delaware until exchanged, 
August 31, 1S62, and returned to his command;; the battles of Fredericks- 
burg, Gettysburg (where he was severely wounded, and six months 
recovering), then in battles of Drury's Bluff, Gaines' Mill, Petersburg, and 
the various other engagements to the close of the war. After the war, in 
1868, he came to this count}-, and engaged in the drug business at Cam- 
bridge, where he had a large and extensive trade until 1876, when he left 
Cambridge and located at Marshall, where he is now^ doing a flourishing 
48 



754 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

business in the drug, medicine and fancy line. From 1S76 to 1S7S he was 
chairman of the democratic county committee. On the 1st of May,''lS72, 
he married Miss M. E. Gilliam, daughter of F. H. GilHam, of Saline 
county, and has two children: Daisy C, and Philip H., Jr. 

L. W. SCOTT, Esq., attorney-at-law and public administrator, P. O., 
Marshall. Was born in Boone county, Missouri, February 8, 1843, where 
he was raised on a farm, and educated at the State University, gradu- 
ating in 1865. He read law with Judge James Gordon, and in the latter 
part of 1865 entered the law office of J. B. C. Karnes, of Kansas City, 
Mo. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar by Judge Buck Hart, and in the 
same year located in Marshall. In 1872 he was elected public adminis- 
trator of Saline county; re-elected in 1876, and again in 1880, without 
opposition. In 1876 he was married to Miss Nellie Holland, daughter of 
Dr. W. S. Holland, of Marshall. 

LEONARD WILSON, postmaster, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Wilson is 
a native of this state, also of this county, and was born in Marshall on the 
13th of January, 1846. At the age of fifteen he commenced clerking ^n 
the store of Q. O. Striker, in Marshall, and from 1862 to 1864 he was 
deputy postmaster of Marshall. In 1865 he was deputy circuit clerk. 
In 1870 he was engaged in the grocery business in Marshall, which he 
continued to 1873, when he was appointed by President Grant, postmaster 
of Marshall, re-appointed in 1877 by President Hayes, and in 1881 by 
President Garfield. In 1864 he served in Capt. Bingham's company E. 
M. M., and was taken prisoner at Glasgow, which ended his military 
service. On the 6th of October, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary 
Sandidge, daughter of John Sandidge, of Sahne county, and has had three 
children, only one, Leonie, hving. 

GEORGE V. RAYNER, Menager & Rayner, millers, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Was born in Chelmsford, England, August 5, 1840. In 1855 he 
went to London, and learned the business of a miller, and followed it 
there until 1864, when he came to the United States. He worked at 
various places until 1866, when he came to Glasgow, Missouri, and con- 
tinued in the Glagow mills for fourteen years. In 1880 he came to this 
county, and purchased an interest in the Marshall steam flouring mills, 
Marshall, under the firm of Menager & Rayner, and he is probably the 
most experienced miller in the county. In 1869 he was married to Miss 
Ruth Scott, of Glasgow, Missouri, formerly of New York, and has two 
children, Minnie and Carrie A. 

C. J. MENAGER, Menager & Rayner, millers, P. O., Marshall. Is a 
native of Ohic, and was born at Gallipolis on the 15th of January, 1819, 
where he grew to manhood, and was educated at Marietta College, Ohio, 
and at the Georgetown College, Kentucky. In 1844 he commenced mer- 
chandising, and continued it for seven years, then engaged in farming 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 755 

until 1S56. In that year he moved to Missouri, and settled in this county, 
purchasing a farm five miles northwest of Marshall, upon which he lived 
and farmed until 1880, when he bought an interest with Mr. Rayner, in 
the Marshall steam flouring mills, and moved his family to Marshall, 
where he now resides. In 1862 or '63 he joined Capt. Burnside's company 
enrolled Missouri militia, but 'remained only a few months, and did no 
actual service, having a large family of children to look after. Mr. Men- 
ager was married in May, 1855, to Miss E. Irvine, of Florence, Alabama, 
and has had ten children, of whom nine are living: Katie D., Emily, 
Maggie, Ella, Irvine, Jennie, Minnie, Georgie L. and Dion P. 

CHARLES H. VANSTONE, Centennial mills, P. O., Marshall. 
Was born in Devonshire, England, August 20, 1841. In that same year, 
his parents moved to America, and settled in Huron county, Canada, 
where he grew up, and at the age of seventeen, learned the business of 
milling, and worked at it until 1868. In 1868 he came to Missouri, and 
landed at Laynesville, in this count}- with just $7.50, which he paid out for 
board ; but by untiring energy, and cool, level headed sagacity, he has 
since made a fortune. He now owns 1200 acres of land near Malta Bend, 
in this county, and 1000 acres in Carroll county; and a one-half interest in 
three saw mills; the Centennial flouring mills; and a one-half interest in 
the Marshall steam flouring mills, and has $20,000 at interest, which 
shows what a man of pluck, energy, and sagacity can do in Saline county. 
In 1869 he and Mr. J. W. Lane laid out the town of Laynesville, and 
started the first busmess there. For ten years he followed saw mill- 
ing, then, in 1876, built the Centennial flouring mills, at Marshall, which 
he still carries on, having moved to Marshall the same year. On the 5th 
of November, 1872, he was married to Miss M. E. Blain, of Malta Bend. 
She died on her twenty-sixth birth-day, January 1, 1881, leaving four 
children : Mary L., Minnie E., Ida E. and Samuel W. 

PETER H. REA, Rea & Page, commission merchants, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Mr. Rea was born in Carroll county, Missouri, May 3, 1840, where 
he orew to manhood, and was educated at the Masonic College in Lexincr- 
ton, Missouri, and at the State University, Columbia, Missouri. In 1861, 
he joined the Missouri state guard, on the call of Governor Jackson, in 
Captain Brook's company, from Carroll county, as a private, and was 
mustered out as adjutant of the regiment, being engaged in the battles of 
Wils'on Creek, Dry Wood and Lexington, where he was slightly wounded, 
and Pea Ridge, Corinth, and was then discharged. In 1863 he went to 
Nebraska City, and clerked in a store for one year; in 1864 he went to 
Helena, Montana, and started the third store in that place, and continued 
there for six years; and at the organization of the county, was selected as- 
the first county treasurer. In 1870 he went to St. Louis, and in 1871, 
came to Saline county and located in Marshall, where he engaged in the 



756 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

grocery and implement business, until 1878. At the opening of the C. & 
A. railroad, in co-partnership with C. G. Page, he built an elevator of 
20,000 bushels capacity, at the Marshall depot, and entered into a general 
grain and commission, and agricultural implement business, in which ^hey 
have prospered greatly. He took an active part in securing the railroad, 
and is one of the directors of the original company. Mr. Rea is an intel- 
ligent, enterprising, and public-spirited business man. On the 4th of May, 
1869, he married Miss M. E. Samuel, of St. Louis, daughter of E. M. 
Samuel, one of the leading bankers of that city. They have had five 
children, of whom four are living: Edward S., Mary V., William G. and 
Mattie E. 

D. B. COLTRANE, jeweler, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Ran- 
dolph, North Carolina, December 25, 1842, where he was brought up on 
a farm and educated at private schools. In 1861 he enlisted in company 
I, 5t}i North Carolina cavalry, C. S. A.; served the first year in North 
Carolina, and in 1862 joined Gen. Jeb Stuart's cavalry, in Virginia, ^and 
was at the battles of Brandy Station, Gettysburg and all the fights and 
battles in which Stuart's cavalry were engaged, to the end of the war, 
being twice wounded, and surrendered at Greensborough. In February, 
1866, he came to Arrow Rock in this county, and engaged in jewelry and 
photographing there until 1869, and then moved to Miami, where he con- 
tinued the same business until 1879, in which year he located in Marshall, 
where he now lives and carries on one of the leading jewelry establish- 
ments in the county. He came to Saline county almost penniless, and has 
made all he is now worth by his own energy, industry and integrity. In 
1866 he was married to Miss E. P. Vanice, of Arrow Rock, and has had 
three children, two now living: Lester D. and Juniatta. 

DR. C. LESTER HALL, physician. P.* O., Marshall. Was born in 
Arrow Rock, in this county, on the 10th day of March 1845, was raised 
on his father's farm, and educated at the Kemper high school, Booneville, 
Missouri. He is a son of Dr. M. W. Hall, with whom he read 
medicine, attended one course of lectures at the St. Louis medical college, 
and graduated at the Jefierson medical college, Philadelphia, in 1867. 
Practiced with his father until 1873, when he located in Marshall, and has 
now a large and increasing practice. In 1869 he was married to Miss K. 
P. Sappington, daughter of E. D. Sappington, deceased, of this county, 
and has had three children, two of whom, Darwin W., and Penelope, 
are living. 

JOHN W. NORDYKE, Nordyke & Spencer, druggists, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Was born in Mercer county, Missouri, October 24, 1850, where he 
lived until fifteen years of age, was raised on a farm, and was educated in 
the common schools, and by Prof. Hughes, at Marshall, Missouri. In 
1865 he moved with his parents to this county and settled in Marshall, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 757 

where he has since Hved. In 1868 he clerked for C. C. Hacrood; and in 
1872 engaged with his father, in general merchandise, in Marshall, and 
from 1872 to ISTT, was book-keeper for Cordell & Montague, bankers, 
Marshall, Missouri. In 1877 he engaged in the drug business, under the 
firm of Harrison & Nordyke, which in 1879 was changed to Nordyke & 
Spencer, the present firm, now doing a good business, with a first-class 
drug store. He had nothing to begin with, and has made what he has by 
his own unaided exertions. On the 8th of October, 1871, he was married 
to Miss Belle Rockwell, of Marshall, Missouri, and have two children: 
J. F., and Lewis T. 

A. B. MAXEY, of Maxe}- & Kice, grocers, P. O., Marshall. The 
subject of the following sketch was born in Sonoma county, California, 
November 30, 1855. When two years of age his parents moved east, to 
Jefierson City, Missouri, and at the age of four years he was left an 
orphan, and was raised by his grandfather, Hiram H. Baber, who was 
eight years auditor of the state, and his grandmother was the grand- 
daughter of Daniel Boone. He was educated at Westminster College, 
Fulton, Missouri. In 1874 he went to southern Colorado and New Mex- 
ico, and for three years was engaged in sheep raising. In November, 
1877, he returned to Jefferson City, Missouri. In 1878, he came to Saline 
county, and located in Marshall, in the grocery firm of Reed & Maxey. 
In 1879, he bought out Mr. Reed, and, in 1881, took Mr. Kice in as part- 
ner, under which firm, Maxey & Kice, they are doing a flourishing trade 
in the grocery line. 

J. P. KICE, of Maxey & Kice, grocers, P. O. Marshall. Was born 
in Lexington, Missouri, April 5, 1854, where he grew up, and was edu- 
cated in the state normal school at Warrensburg, Missouri. For five 
years, he worked at the harness trade. He spent the years 1877-8-9, in 
Dakota territory, Montana, Colorado and Arizona, in mining. In 1880 
he returned to Missouri and engaged in the grocery business, and in 1881 
located in Marshall, in this county, and entered into partnership with Mr. 
A. B. Maxey. He is one of the rising young business men of Marshall. 

I. M. MOSSLER, of Mossier Brothers' clothing house, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Was born in Prussia, May 12, 1849, where he lived until fifteen 
years old, and was educated in the Gymnasium College. At the age of 
fifteen years, he went to Berlin and clerked one year, and in 1865 came to 
the United States and located at Indianapolis, Indiana, and clerked one 
year; then went to Hillsborough and clerked until 1871. He then went into 
the clothing business and continued until 1874; then returned to Indianap- 
olis, and engaged in business until 1877. In 1377 he returned to Hills- 
borough. In 1878, he came to this county and located in Marshall, and 
engaged in the clothing and gentlemen's furnishing goods business, under 
firm of Mossier Bros. They are now doing a large trade, and carry the 



758 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

largest stock of clothinor of any house in the county. They also have a 
branch store in Taylorville, Illinois. 

DR. M. T. CH ASTAIN, physician, P. O., Marshall. Dr. Chastain was 
born in Logan county, Kentucky, May 13, 1839. Soon after, his parents 
moved to Christian county, Kentucky, where the}- lived until 1849, and 
then moved to Benton county, Missouri. They lived in Benton until 1857, 
and he was educated at Wilson's Academy in that county, and at Locust 
Grove Academ}^, in Christian county, Kentucky. He read medicine, and 
graduated at the University Medical College, New York. In April, 1863, 
he entered as a private in company F, 7th Missouri State Militia, and was 
soon after appointed assistant surgeon of the regiment, in which capacity 
he served until the regiment was mustered out March, 1865. In 1866 Dr. 
Chastain moved to this county and located in Marshall, for the practice of 
his profession, where he has since lived and practiced. For some years 
he was in partnership with Dr. Sam Smith, since dead. He has now 
taken into partnership his brother, recently graduated. From March, 
1865, for some months, he was examining surgeon for the government 
for Pettis county. Dr. Chastain is a scientitic physician, a genial, agreea- 
ble gentleman, and is very popular with all who know him. Amidst all the 
cares of a busy life, and the demands of an exacting profession, he has found 
time to take an active part in county politics, and to devote to literary pur- 
suits. Dr. Chastain was married in May, 1865, to Miss Lou Sandidge, 
daughter of J. W. Sandidge, of this county, who died in February, 1867. 
He was again married in October, 1870, to Miss Fratie Holland, daughter 
of Dr. W. S. Holland, of Marshall, Saline county. They have one child, 
Julia. 

S. T. POTTER, saddle and harness maker, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born in Patrick county, Virginia, December 1, 1833, where he grew up 
and was educated. At the age of thirteen years he learned the saddle and 
harness trade, and worked at the trade in various places in Virginia and 
Indiana until 1855, when he moved to Lone Jack, Jackson county, Mis- 
souri, and remained there, engaged in his trade, until 1861. He then went 
back to Indiana, and went into business with some business men in Bloom- 
field, Indiana, and remained there until 1865. Returned to Lone Jack in 
1865, and was appointed postmaster at that place; but resigned in 1866. 
In that year he came to this county and located in Marshall, and has since 
carried on an extensive and constantly growing saddlery and harness 
establishment, and is now doing a business that often reaches as high as 
$18,000 per annum. Mr. Potter is one of the directors of the Farmers 
savings bank. He is a public spirited gentleman, ever ready to use his 
means for the advancement of town and county, and has the confidence of 
the business community. He was married in 1860 to Miss L. Umbager, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 759 

of jNIonroe county, Indiana, and has six children: Ella G., Charles, Fannie, 
William, Eddie, and Mamie. 

DR. FISK ELGIN, physician, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Wash- 
ington county, Maryland, March 11, 1850, where he was brought up on 
a farm, and educated at the Maryland Agricultural College. In 1871 he 
came to St. Claire county, Illinois, and commenced the study of medicine 
under Dr. T. L. Miller. Attended the St. Louis Medical College, where he 
graduated March, 1877. In the same year, 1877, he came to this county, 
and located in Marshall, where he has ^ince been engaged in the practice of 
his profession, and was one year secretary of the Saline County Medical 
Society. Dr. Elgin was married June 6, 1877, to Miss S. E. Bretelle, of 
St. Louis, Missouri, and has one child: Maggie J. Elgin. 

J. A. MADDOX, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Warren county, 
Ohio, April 16, 1834, where he grew to manhood. ^Vhen but four 3'ears 
old his father died, and at the age of seven he went to work by the 
month on a farm, which he continued until twenty-two years of age, 
when he went to Clarksville, Clinton county, Ohio, and learned the saddle 
and harness trade, which business he carried on until 1871. In 1871 he 
moved to this county, and settled in Marshall, and engaged in the grocery 
business, in which he has continued to the present time, and is now doing 
a good business. Mr. Maddox had nothing when he began life, and has 
made all he is worth by his own exertions. He was married January 1, 
1861, to Miss Harriet Nichols, of Clarksville, Ohio, and has had two 
children, only one, Charley F., living. 

ED. R. PEMBERTON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Saline 
county, Missouri, October 16, 1854, where he grew up on a farm and 
was educated in private school. In 1875 he came to Marshall, where 
he was employed as salesman in different stores, for several years. In 
1878 he went into the agricultural implement business by himself. The 
next year, 1879, he went in with Sutherlin & McMahan, and in 1880 with 
McMahan alone, having one of the leading trades of the county. Mr. 
Pemberton is a young man of good moral character, and of good 
business qualifications. 

MOSES LEVY, Levy Bros., dry goods and clothing, P. O., Marshall. 
Was born, June 13, 1847, in Prussia, where he lived until seventeen years 
of age. His early life was spent in a store, and in attending school; his 
parents died when he was only eight 3^ears old, and since that time he has 
made his own way in life. In 1864, he came to the United States, and 
spent that and the following year doing business in Macon Cit}^ and 
Sedalia, Missouri. In the spring of 1S66 he moved to this county, and 
located in Arrow Rock, where he engaged in general merchandise, and 
did an extensive business until 1873. In that 3'ear he moved to Marshall, 
and now carries on a large business, in two buildings, one a clothing and 



760 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the other a general dry goods store. Levy Bros, have, besides their 
extensive establishment in Marshall, a store in Sedalia, Missouri, and one 
in Nevada, Missouri. Moses Levy is a young man of energy, good 
character, and excellent business qualifications. 

JACK. T. WELLER, druggist, P. O., MarshaU. Mr. Weller was 
born in Henderson, Henderson county, Kentucky, v^'^here he grew to man- 
hood, and commenced clerking in a drug store. His whole life has been 
spent in the drug business. In 1870 he went to St. Joseph, Missouri, and 
traveled for the wholesale firm of/Riddlesex & Hardy for two and one- 
half years; and in 1873 engaged with A. A. Miller, w^holesale druggist, of 
St. Louis, and traveled for that house in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, 
Iowa, Texas, Colorado, Arkansas, and the Indian territory until 1878. 
He then came to this county, and purchasing the drug establishment of 
H. D. Doak, deceased, he located in Marshall, and has since carried on 
the drug business, and is one of the leading drug houses in Marshall. 
Mr. Weller is a man of pluck and energy, and has made his own living 
since he was twelve years old, sometimes working for ten cents per day. 
He is a first-class business man, and a genial, polished gentleman. 

THOMAS G. EHRNMAN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Fairfield 
county, Ohio, May 30, 1819, where he was raised on a farm and educated 
in the common schools. In 1838, m.oved to Pickawa}- county, and farmed 
until 1848, when he engaged in the grocery business at Circleville, Ohio, 
which he continued until 1853, and during that time was a member of the 
city council. In 1853 he moved to Lee county, Iowa, and farmed there 
for seventeen years, working over 200 acres of land per annum; and was 
justice of the peace for three terms, and held the office of township asses- 
sor for several terms. In 1870 he moved to Marshall, in this county, 
where he has since resided, engaged in the grocery business. Mr. Ehrn- 
man has made his property by his own industry, perseverance and good 
management. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church, O. S., 
since he was twenty years of age, and all of his children are members of 
the same church. He has also been a member of I. O. O. F. for twenty 
years. On the 29th of March, 1838, he was married to Miss Susannah 
Christy, of Pickaway county, Ohio, and has had ten children, nine of 
w^hom are living: John H., Minerva C, Luther C, Emanuel G., George 
A., Thomas C, William R., Arthur M., arid Alice J. All of his children 
(except one, who lives in Nebraska), are living in Saline county. 

WILLIAM MADISON WALKER, county collector, P. O., Mar- 
shall. Mr. W. M. Walker, the present collector of Saline county, was 
born in Smith county, Tennessee, October 22, 1833, coming to Miami 
with his parents when but three years old, and was raised on a farm in 
Moniteau county, in this state. His father, Samuel Walker, was born in 
1798, in North Carolina; his grandfather, Edward Walker, was a native 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 761 

of Virginia, born about IT-io, and was an orderly sergeant in the Revolu- 
tionary war, and was present at the battle of Cowpens. His father came 
from England. When a young man, Samuel Walker moved with his 
parents to Tennessee. Mrs. Agnes Walker, nee Bradford, the mother of 
William M., was born September 6, 1703, in Tennessee. Her father, 
Bocker Bradford, was born in Virginia, about 1750, and was also of Eng- 
lish descent and a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Nine children 
blessed the marriage of Samuel Walker and Agnes Bradford, (one of 
them dying in infancy). They moved to Moniteau county, Missouri, in 
1836, and there spent the rest of their lives. She died October 11, 1857, 
and he June 16, 1865. At the age of twenty-two, December 20, 1855, 
William M. Walker was married to Miss May Isabel Garrett, of Saline 
county, where she was born, February 5, 1834. Her father was a native 
Virginian, and his father, Abel Garrett, of Scotch origin, was also a soldier 
of the Revolution. In 1859 William M. commenced farming for himself 
in Moniteau county, which he continued for six years, and then, in 1865, 
moved upon a farm in Saline county. After about four years, he moved 
to the neighborhood of Orearville. Industry, economy, perseverance and 
a genial disposition will readily account for the steady increase of his 
estate and of his influence in the county. In 1876 he was elected county 
collector in a hotly contested canvass, and the next year, 1877, he moved 
his family to the county seat, where he now resides. In 1878 he was 
re-elected, almost without opposition, and in 1880 was again elected, though 
there was a keen contest for the office this year. His election to the third 
term demonstrates the satisfaction he has given his constituents as collector 
of the county. His integrity is above suspicion, and the people can find no 
fault with him as an official. Mr. Walker is a Royal Arch Mason, a 
granger and a member of the Baptist Church, as are also Mrs. Walker 
and the two elder daughters. Seven children have been born to them, 
all living, as follows: Narcissa, born November 1, 1857; Mary Helen, 
born February 16, 1861; Samuel Lee, born August 19, 1862; William 
Madison, born September 26, 1866; Viola Belle, born April 16, 1869; 
Thomas Rooker, born August 15,1870; Nannie S., born February 22, 
1873. 

REUBEN V. MONTAGUE, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Montague was 
born in Marengo count}^ Alabama, May 31, 1831. In 1846, moved with 
his parents to Brandon, Mississippi, and in 1848 to Madison Parish, Lou- 
isiana. He was raised on a plantation, and was educated at the Missis- 
sippi University, at Oxford, and at the Lebanon Law School, in Tennessee. 
He lived in Madison parish until 1862, w^hen he had to leave on account 
of his union sentiments, and went to St. Louis, where he remained until 
May, 1863, ^nd then went to Vicksburg, and entered with Grant's army, 
on the 4th of July. He remained at Vicksburg, in commission and cotton 



762 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

business, until 1868. He then came to Ralls county, Missouri, where he 
engaged in farming. In 1873, he moved to this county, and in 1874, 
located in his present business in Marshall. In March, 1868, he was 
married to Miss Emma Hammet, of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Has six 
children living: Georgia, Robert V., Mickelborough L., Theodore H., 
May A., Hardeman C. 

J." G. GOODWIN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Lafayette county,. 
Missouri, on the 26th of February, 1859, where he grew to manhood. 
His early life was passed in school, and at the State University at Colum- 
bia, Missouri. From 1878 to 1879 he clerked in the Waverly (Missouri) 
bank, one year, and in 1880 he graduated at Eastman's Business College, 
Poughkeepsie, New York. In April, 1880, at the age of twenty-one, he 
purchased the grocery establishment of Capt. Mark Belt, in Marshall, 
Saline county, and largely increasing the stock, has since carried on a 
first class staple and fancy grocery, now one of the leading houses in 
Marshall. Mr. Goodwin continued the business alone until December,. 
1880, when he took in as partner Mr. Charles Buckner, of Monroe 
county, Missouri, an old fellow-student at the State University. Though 
but boys in years, these young gentlemen have proved themselves men of 
first class business ability, and able to cope with older heads. Mr. Good- 
win was married on the 5th oi April, 1881, to Miss Mary Webb, daughter 
of Dr. William Webb, of Lafayette county, Missouri, who was educated 
at the Baptist Female College, Lexington, Missouri. 

C. F. ODELL, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Odell was born in this county, 
September 12, 1826, and is a son of Jerry Odell, one of the oldest settlers 
of the county, and the founder of the city of Marshall. He was raised 
on a farm, and was educated at the private schools. At the age of 
eighteen he clerked in a store, and continued it for a number of years. 
From 1848 to 1852 he was deputy sheriff. He then learned the carpen- 
ter's trade, which he followed for some years, then clerked for Patrick 
Flynn, in Marshall, and then entered into partnership with B. F. Bradford, 
in the undertaking business and cabinet making, in which occupation they 
are now the only establishment in Marshall, and are doing a remunerative 
business. Mr. Odell was married in 1855 to Miss Matilda Gregory, of 
Saline county, formerly of Tennessee, and has two children, William L. 
and Frank M. 

JOHN R. CASON, sheriff, P. O., Marshall. Was born in De Soto 
county, Mississippi, March 29, 1843, where he was raised on a cotton 
plantation, and educated at North Mt. Pleasant, Mississippi. In April, 
1861, he enlisted in the Pettis Rifles, 17th Mississippi infantry, C. S. A. 
Participated in the battles of Bull Run, Ball's Bluff, Yorktown, seven 
days' fight around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Harper's 
Ferry, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Petersburg. He entered the ranks as 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. T63 

a private, and rose to the rank of captain, and was a brave and gallant 
soldier. After the war he returned to Mississippi, and in 186S came to 
Marshall, in this county. From 1870 to 1878 he was continuously city 
marshal of Marshall. In 1878 he was elected sheriif of Saline county, 
and again elected in 1880, b}^ a large majority in both elections, and has 
proved an excellent and popular sheriff'. In 1866 he married Miss Sue 
M. Bryant, daughter of Major J. W. Bryant, of this county. They have 
had seven children, five living: Stella, Brooks, Willie B., Robert Bryant, 
and Dell. 

DR. WILLIAM HARRISON, physician, P. O., Marshall. Dr. Har- 
rison was born in Fayette county, Ohio, July 8, 1850. In 1865 he came 
to Cooper county, Missouri, with his parents, and in 1866 moved to this 
county. He was raised on a farm and educated in the private schools. 
In 1871 he commenced the study of medicine, and graduated in the St. 
Louis Medical College in 1874, and he entered on the practice of his pro- 
fession in Marshall the same year, and has continued there ever since, and 
stands high in his profession. 

C. M. BALDWIN, Justice & Co., livery, P. O., Marshall. Was born 
in Meigs county, Tennessee, October 23, 1841. When he was two yea^rs 
old, his parents moved to Lawrence county, Missouri, where he was 
raised and educated, and lived until 1865. In that year he went to Mon- 
tana, where he followed freighting for a year, and then came to Saline 
county, in 1866, and engaged in farming and stock-raising, until 1880, 
when he moved to Marshall, and in 1881, went into partnership with Mr. 
Justice in the livery business. He was married November 21, 1866, to 
Mrs. Mary Jane Wills, formerly a Miss Sandidge, of Boone count}^, Mis- 
souri. 

WILLIAM H. RE A, teacher, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Cooper 
county, Missouri, July 24, 1845. When he was five years old, his parents 
moved to Carroll county, Missouri, where he resided ten years. He was 
raised on a farm to the age of fifteen, and was educated at the Kemper 
hrgh school, Booneville, Missouri. In 1861, he enlisted in company B, 
Hughes' regiment, M. S. G., and was in the battle of Lexington. Started 
south in December, 1861, in the body of recruits, under Colonel Robin- 
son, and was one of the few who escaped being captured at Blackwater, 
on the nineteenth of December, 1861. In the fall of 1862, he enhsted in 
company H., First Missouri cavalry, under Colonel Shelby, afterwards 
under Colonel B. F. Gordon; was in the battles of Coon Creek, Newtonia, 
Boston Mountains, Prairie Grove, Little Rock, Helena, Springfield, 
HartsviUe, Cape Girardeau, and Marshall. He was taken prisoner at 
Marshall and held first in St. Louis, then in Rock Island, Illinois; and in 
June, 1864, was released on special pardon from President Lincoln. He 
then returned to Carroll eount}^ and followed farming. Went back to 



764 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

school to the Kemper high school, in Booneville, and then engaged in 
teaching, which he has followed ever since, in Carroll, Lafayette and 
Saline counties. He came to Saline in 1S73, and has since lived in this 
county. Mr. Rea was married March 7, 1870, to Miss Mollie H. Rea, 
daughter of Rev. P. G. Rea, a graduate of the Missouri Female College, 
Booneville, Missouri. They have four children: Edna G., Florence, and 
twins, Madie and Sadie. 

A. J. RANSBERGER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Washington 
county, Missouri, July 27, 1839. Soon after his birth his parents moved 
to Jefferson, and in 1855, moved to Moniteau county. In 1861, he joined 
the M. S. G. for six months, and was in the battle of Lexington. In 
1864, he re-enlisted in Gen. Shelby's command, C. S. A., in which he 
served to the end of the war, participating in the engagements of 
that command. In 1867, he came to Marshall, in this county, and carried 
on his trade, that of blacksmithing. In 1871, he entered into partnership 
wath Mr. Lantz, and established the business firm of Ransberger & Lantz, 
carriage and wagon makers, which they have carried on prosperously 
since. He was married December 3, 1873, to Miss Laura Neely, Wash- 
ington county, Missouri. They have had three children, two living now: 
Lester H., Frank E. 

A. R. LANTZ, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Rockingham county, 
Virginia, January 31, 1844, where he was raised and educated. April, 
1861, he enlisted in company E, 17th regiment Virginia cavalry, and was 
in the battles of Salt Pond Mountain, Lewisburg, Lynchburg, Narrow at 
New River, Salem, North Mountain, Hedge's Depot, where he was taken 
prisoner July 3, 1864, and was held prisoner for nine months, and 
exchanged March 18, 1865, and returned to Richmond, and surrendered 
a few months later. Returned to Rockingham county, and worked at 
his trade. In 1869 he came west, and located in Marshall, in this county, 
where he has since carried on his trade, carriage and wagon making. 
On the 4th of April, 1871, he married Miss AUce T. Piper, of Rocking- 
ham county; have had one child, who died at the age of six years. * 

G. C. FLETCHER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in xMason county, 
Kentucky, November 20, 1810, where he grew to manhood on a farm, and 
was educated in the Old Field schools of that early time. In 1830, he 
came to Pike county, Missouri, where- he remained two years, and in 
1832 came to this county, where he married Miss M. A. Hall, 
of SaUne. ,He remained in this county for two years and then 
moved to Henry county, and engaged in merchandising, and lived there 
six years. In 1838, he moved to Lafayette county, located in Waverly, 
and engaged in manufacturing rope, bagging, etc. He was the first man 
to start a power loom in the state of Missouri. In 1845, his bagging 
establishment was burned. Mr. Fletcher then went to farming again, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 765 

which he continued for several years. In 1870, he engaged in the bank- 
ing business, in Waverly, in the bank of which company he is now the 
president, and has been for niany years. In 1879, the Farmer's Saving's 
Bank was moved from Waverly to Marshall, when Mr. Fletcher also 
moved to Marshall, and at the same time moved his dry goods store, G. 
C. F. Fletcher & Co., from Waverly to Marshall — and both bank and 
store have prospered since their removal. Mr. Fletcher has had eight 
children, three of whom are now living: John B., Thomas J. and Wil- 
liam H.. 

JAMES A. GORDON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Lexington, 
Missouri, August 26, 1841, and was educated at the State University, 
Columbia, Missouri. In 1862 he enlisted in Shelby's command, and was 
in the battles of Coon Creek, Newtonia, Cane Hill, Poison Springs, 
Mark's Mill, Cape Girardeau, Saline River, Springfield, Hartsville, 
Helena, Prairie Grove, Clarendon, (where he was seriously wounded 
with a bullet in his lungs, which remains there to the present day). Was 
captured in hospital, and paroled. Returned to his command as soon as 
able, and served to the end of the war. Was in all the battles of Price's 
raid, and surrendered in 1865. Returned home and taught school until 
1870. In 1870 he was elected cashier of the Farmers' Savings Bank, at 
Waverl}?-, Missouri, and still holds the same position since the transfer of 
the bank to Marshall, in 1879. On the 29th of December, 1868, he was 
married to Miss E. M. Catron, of Lafayette county, Missouri, and has 
had three children, one of whom is now living: William C. Gordon. 

SOLOMON K. SELIG, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Selig was born in the 
city of Lyons, France, January 18, 1850. In 1852, his parents came to 
the United States, and located in Philadelphia, where he was raised and 
educated in the city schools, and graduated in Bryant's Commercial Col- 
lege. In 1866, he moved to Chillicothe, Missouri, and engaged in mer- 
chandise. The next year went to Kansas City, and in 1868, moved to 
this county and located in Marshall, where he has continued to the pres- 
ent time, doing a large and constantly increasing business. During the 
last three years his sales have enlarged at an almost marvelous rate, and 
he is now doing the most extensive business in Marshall, and stands 
among the first merchants of Saline county. In March, 1874, he was 
married to Miss Clara Kaufman, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and has three 
children: Estella, Samuel, and Lawrence. 

H . GROSSMAN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Boone county, Mis- 
souri, May 5, 1846, where he was raised on a farm, and educated in the 
common schools, and followed farming up to 1876, when he went to Roche- 
port, Missouri, and engaged in the livery business. In 1879 he sold out in 
Rocheport and came to this county, and in 1880 located in Marshall, and 
went into the livery business. While he lived in Rocheport, he was town 



7(36 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

marshal one term, and also was a member of the town council one year. 
In 1804 he was married to Miss Martha Colbert, of Howard county, Mis- 
souri, and has six children, five now living: James, Carrie, Victoria, 
Lero}' and Dimmitt. 

ROBERT W. JAMES, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Logan county, 
Kentucky, July 1, 1838, where he was raised on a farm, and lived there 
until 1865. He is own cousin to the now famous, or rather notorious Jesse 
and Frank James. In December 23, 1SG5, he landed in Kansas City, Mis- 
souri, where he clerked in a store during the winter, and in the spring 
came to this county and settled at Salt Springs, where he farmed about 
five years, and then merchandised for five years in the town of Salt 
Springs. In June, 1880, he located in Marshall, and in October of the 
same year, engaged in the livery business, and March 1, 1881, he took 
in as partner, Mr. Gibbs. Mr. James also carries on a separate business, 
selling buggies, harness, etc. When he came to Missouri, in 1866, he had 
but $20, and has made all he has, which is considerable, by his own indus- 
try and good management. He was married May, 1868, to M. E. 
Deal, daughter of Capt. J. W. Deal, of SaHne county, formerly of Vir- 
ginia. They have had six children, five of them now living: Edna L., 
Robert F., Howard P., Alpha O., Beula I. 

WILLL\M H. ANCELL, dealer in sewing machines, fanning mills, 
etc., P. O., Marshall. Was born in Cooper county, Missouri, October 22, 
1844, and in 1845, his parents moved to Arrow Rock in this county, 
where he was raised and educated. In 1862, he enUsted in company H, 
Seventy-first regiment, E. M. M., under Capt. Bingham, and was 
appointed sergeant-major of the regiment. He was stationed at Lexing- 
ton, and served two years. He then went to St. Louis, and graduated at 
Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, then returned to Arrow Rock, 
and clerked in the stores until 1870, when he was elected county recorder, 
which office he held one term of four years. In 1875 he carried on the 
grocery house of Sutherlin & McMahan, in Marshall, for one year; then, 
with G. W. Lankford, bought out Sutherlin & McMahan, and then, in 
1877, bought out Lankford, and carried on the business alone until 1380. 
He then engaged in his present business. In October, 1870, he was 
married to Miss Jennie Tucker, daughter of William and Elizabeth 
Tucker. They have had three children, two now living. Earnest L. and 
Bessie M. 

DANIEL McGRATH, harness and saddlery, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born in County Wallford, Ireland, June 21, 1824. At the age' of fourteen 
years he commenced to learn the saddler's trade, at which he was appren- 
ticed seven years. In 1849 he came to the United States, and located in 
New York City, and worked at his trade four years. In 1853, he went 
to Winchester, Clark county, Kentucky, and carried on his trade there 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 767 

until 1S65, when he came to Carroll county, Missouri, and purchased a 
farm, and farmed for four years. In 1869, he came to this county and settled 
in Marshall, where he now has a prosperous business. He was, at one 
time, a member of the city council of Marshall. He was married, in 1855, 
to Miss Jane Cannon, of Winchester, Kentucky, and has had eleven chil- 
dren, nine now living: Elizabeth, John A., Catherine, Annie, Richard A., 
William C, Thomas D., Anora M., and Robert E. 

MEREDITH M. MARMADUKE, P. O., Marshall. Son of Gov. 
M. M. Marmaduke, was born June 24, 1835, in Saline county, Mis- 
souri, where he was raised on a farm, and was educated at the Masonic 
College at Lexington, Missouri. In 1863 he went to Colorado, and 
returned in 1865, and engaged in farming in his native county until 1880. 
In that year he located in Marshall, and engaged wuth Mr. J. G. Harvey 
in the agricultural implement business. He was married February 16, 
1858, to Miss Mary L. Bruce, daughter of Aaron F. and Jane Bruce, of 
Saline county. They have six children: Pearla, John S., Georgia Glen- 
ora, Emmet B., Meredith M., and Mary B. 

JOHN W. BRYANT, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Bryant was born in 
Richmond county, Virginia, June 4, 1820. He was educated at Chesa- 
peake Academy, Lancaster county, and graduated at Mt. Airy, Richmond 
■county, in mathematics and the other higher Enghsh branches. At the 
age of eighteen, he removed with his father, first, to Limestone county, 
Alabama, where he remained one year, and then to Marshall county, Miss- 
issippi, near the town of Holly Springs. He entered the law office of 
Chalmers & Barton, Holly Springs, where he read law for one year. In 
August, 1841, he came to Saline county. Engaged first, as tutor in the 
family of Col. John F. Yancey, in the Grand Pass neighborhood, in 
which capacity he served for three years. In 1844 he came to Marshall, 
was admitted to the bar, and immediately opened a law office. In 1854 
he was appointed circuit attorney, vice Samuel L. Sawyer, resigned. Prior 
to this, by appointment of the county court, he had been county attorney 
for a number of years. In 1856, he was elected to the office of circuit 
attorney for four years. His circuit then comprised what are now the 
counties of Jackson, Cass, Bates, Vernon, Johnson, Pettis, Saline and 
Lafayette. In the meantime, he had been appointed one of the govern- 
ment commissioners for the location of the " swamp and overflowed lands" 
of the county. His report is still on file in the proper office. In 1861, 
when the war was in prospect, Mr. Bryant opposed secession, and took 
no part in the movement to take Missouri out of the Union; but when the 
war actually began, and there was no neutral or middle ground for him 
to occupy, he sympathized with, although not actively aiding, the cause of 
the south. In consequence of his political views, when the Federal 
authority was established in the county, he and his family were greatly 



768 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

persecuted, harassed and abused, principally by the home militia, some of 
the members of which organization were ex-criminals, whom Mr. Bryant, 
when circuit attorney, before the war, had prosecuted. He was often a 
fugitive, concealed or flying for his life. His daughter, then but a 
school girl of the tender age of seventeen, was arrested and taken oft' to 
prison, in St. Louis. His property was taken and destroyed; his house 
occupied by Federal officers, and he himself was arrested and carried off 
to St. Louis, where he was kept for some months, and only released 
through the interposition of Col. Thomas L. Price, a prominent Federal 
officer, but his personal friend, and upon giving a heavy bond. A com- 
pany of Confederates, in this county, had chosen him their major, with- 
out his knowledge or consent, and upon hearing of it, he rode to their 
camp and positively refused the position, yet he was pursued, as if he had 
been in the active military service of the Confederacy. Upon his return 
from prison, in 1862, Mr. Bryant went to Booneville, where he engaged 
in the practice of law with William Douglas, Esq., until the close of the 
war, when he returned to Marshall, where he has remained ever since. 
In politics, Mr. Bryant has always been a Jeffersonian democrat. Before 
the war, he was known as an anti-Benton democrat, and in 1860, was 
alternate elector on the Douglas and Johnson ticket, and stumped his cir- 
cuit for the " Little Giant." Upon the re-organization of the democratic 
party of the county, Mr. Bryant was made chairman of the county cen- 
tral committee, and served for some years, through the reconstruction 
period, until the party was restored to power, when he voluntarily relin- 
quished the position to other hands. December 12, 1844, Mr. Bryant 
married Elizabeth M. Twyman, a native of Woodford county, Kentucky, 
then living near Independence, Jackson county. To them were born 
seven children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Wm. Cullen, John W. 
jr., Thomas A., Dixie Lee and Mary Susan, now the wife of John A. 
Cason. Mr. Bryant has long been a member of the Masonic order. He 
is not a member of any church, but holds to the general principles of 
religion, and believes more in works than in blind, unreasoning faith. 
His portrait appears on another page in this volume. 

GEORGE B. BLANCHARD, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Lewis 
county, Missouri, August 4, 1839, and moved with his parents to Marion 
county, Missouri, where he was raised. His father was a merchant, and 
much of his early life was spent in his father's store. He was educated 
at Central College, Fayette, Howard county, Missouri. In 1865 he went 
to Kentucky, and was married to Miss Payne, daughter of Newton 
Payne, of Georgetown, Kentucky, one of the prominent families of Ken- 
tucky. Some years after he moved back to Missouri, and located on a 
farm in the western part of this county. He continued farming, raising 
stock and buying and selling stock until 1879, and then went to Marshall 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 769 

and engaged in the lumber business, first with Capt. Fisher, then by him- 
self. They purchased the stock of Dreyfus, Hill & Woracek, and Mr, 
Blanchard now carries a large stock. He still owns his splendid farm of 
320 acres in this county, and is one of the leading lumber merchants of 
Marshall. Mr. and Mrs. Blanchard have had eight children, of whom 
seven are living: Estelle, Frank, Marcus, Hiram, Oliver, Sallie, and 
Bowman. 

JAMES A. TIPPING, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Selma, Alabama, 
September 16, 1851, and his parents soon after his birth moved to St. 
Louis, Missouri, then to Jefferson City, and then, 1858, to Arrow Rock, 
in this count}-, where he was raised and educated. At the age of eighteen 
he learned the marble and tombstone business, and started the first mar- 
ble yard in Marshall, for Ed. Farley, in 1871. In 1873, he returned to 
Arrow Rock, and carried on the marble business there for several months. 
In 1874 he located in Marshall and entered into partnership with Mr. 
Farley, and the next year, 1875, went into business for himself, and is 
now doing the most extensive business in his line in Saline county, and 
does work for Kansas and Nebraska, as well as Missouri. He employs 
about fifteen men. He commenced life wath nothing, and has made his 
way by his own energy, industry, and judgment. Mr. Tipping was mar- 
ried in 1874 to Tinnie Bihr, of Columbia, Missouri, and has four children: 
William V., Mary E., Kate, and Frederick. 

HUGH G. ALLEN, P. O. Marshall. Was born in Jessamine county, 
Kentucky, April 10, 1844, where he lived until sixteen years of age, and 
was raised on a farm. In 1860 he came with his parents to this county, 
where he worked on the farm and taught school until 1877. He then 
came to Marshall and clerked in the store of G. C. Fletcher & Co., until 1879, 
when he went into the grocery business with Mr. Adams, and the firm of 
Allen & Adams is now one of the leading grocery houses of Marshall. 
In 1871 he was married to Miss Virginia Adams, of Lexington, Kentucky, 
and has one child, Minnie L. 

JOHN W. REID, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Reid was born in Knox 
county, Missouri, Maj^ 3, 1843, where he was raised and educated at a 
private academy. From 1863 to 1870 he taught school in Knox, Lewis, 
and Saline counties. In 1871 he came to Marshall, in this count}^ and 
taught the public school there. In 1873 he went to California for his 
health, and returned in 1874, and continued to teach until 1877, w^hen he 
engaged in the hardware business in Marshall, in which he has con- 
tinued to this time, the present firm being J. W. Reid & Co., who now 
carry one of the largest hardware stocks in the county. He is a live, 
energetic business man, and has made all he has by his energy and irah^ 
try. In December, 1876, he was married to INIiss M. E. Holmes,.fldii^ter 
of Andrew Homes, Marshall. . -rt^idraa.'qaS huo» 

49 



770 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

HENRY STROTHER Esq., P. O., Marshall. Was born in Henry 
county, Kentuck}-, August 6, 1S50, where he grew up on a farm, and was 
educated at Newcastle Seminary, under Prof. Lee. He studied law under 
Joseph Barber, Esq., and Judge W. S. Pryor. During the time that he 
was reading law, he taught school. He came to Marshall in this county 
in 1874, and was admitted to the bar at Marshall by Judge Napton, in 
1875. Mr. Strother pursued the practice of his profession in Marshall 
until 1879, w^hen he combined with the practice a real estate agency and 
abstract of titles office, to w^hich he now' devotes most of his attention. 
In 1881, he entered into partnership with Mr. Thomas Boatright in the 
real estate and abstract business. They have now the best and most 
complete set of abstract books in Saline county, and are doing a large 
and growing business. On the 4th of October, 1880, he was married to 
Miss Sallie M. White, daughter of Col. D. B. White, of Howard county, 
Missouri. Mr. Strother's father was a minister of the Methodist Church 
South, and being a man of studious and industrious habits, did not allow 
his sons to eat idle bread, and Henry w^as kept actively employed all his 
early life, and has been constantly employed since. Henry Strother is 
himself a member of the Methodist Church South, and has been for many 
years. 

THOMAS A. BRYANT, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Missouri, 
and was born in Marshall, Saline county, February 10, 1857, where he 
o-rew^ to manhood, and was educated at Prof. Newton's high school. He 
has also a good musical education, and is possessed of a bass voice that 
has few superiors. A part of his early life was spent in clerking in stores 
in Marshall, and he spent some time in Texas and Colorado. In 1880 he 
went into the grocery business in Marshall with his brothers, under the 
firm name of Bryant Bros., and is now doing a flourishing business. 

REV. B. G. TUTT, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Cooper county, 
Missouri, February 11, 1839, w^here he grew up; and w^as educated at 
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. Much of his early life w^as spent 
on a farm. In 1860 he entered the ministry as pastor of Concord Church 
in Cooper county, the neighborhood in which he was born and raised, 
and was its pastor for fiteen years. The church had sixty members when 
he took charge; and he increased the membership to two hundred, and 
built a church building costing $4,000. In 1876 he accepted a call to the 
first Baptist Church in Marshall, in this county, w^here he has since lived 
and preached. In ISGO he was married to L. E. Thornton, daughter of 
Col. John Thornton, an early settler of Cooper county. They have six 
children living: William P., (deputy postmaster of Marshall), Anna G., 
George E., Arthur M., Henry T., and J. Maurice. 

WILL. H. WOOD, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Saline county, Mis- 
souri, September 15, 1831, where he was raised on a farm, and educated 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 771 

in the country schools. First clerked in a store in Arrow Rock for two 
years. In 1853 he engaged in the grocer}- and commission business, and 
continued thes ame until 1864. He then engaged in steamboating until 
the latter part of 1865; and then returned to the grocery and commission 
business in Arrow Rock, which he continued until 1874. In 187-4 he 
moved to Marshall and entered into the banking business under the firm 
of Wood & Huston. They commenced with a capital of $20,000, which 
has now (in 1881), been increased to $50,000, with a surplus of $25,000. 
Mr. Wood w^as married in 1854 to Miss Jennie Fields, daughter of Judge 
Fields, of Saline county. She died in 1856, and he was again married in 
1873 to Mrs. Wm. Potter, of this county, formerly a Miss Durrett. They 
have one child, Fannie Wood. 

SAMUEL BOYD, Esq., P. O., Marshall. Mr. Boyd is a native of 
Fleming county, Kentucky, where he was born, December 20, 1834, 
grew to manhood, and received a collegiate education. In 1854 he com- 
menced the study of law- in his father's office; and in 1859 moved with his 
father to Bloomington, Illinois, and w^as there admitted to the bar. In the 
summer of the same 3'ear he moved to Marshall, in this count}^, and being 
admitted to the Saline county bar by Judge Russell Hicks, soon after his 
arrival, he at once entered on the practice of his profession. During the 
canvass of 1859 and '60 he had editorial charge of the Saline Comity 
Standard^ which he conducted with marked ability. In the summer of 
1861 he went south with Gen. Price's army, but remained in the army 
only a short time; then returned to Marshall and resumed his practice, to 
which his mind has since been wholly devoted. At present he stands at 
the head of the Saline county bar, and among the foremost attorneys of 
the bar of central Missouri. As a criminal lawyer he has had no equal in 
this county for many years, and few, if any, superiors in western Missouri. 
For fifteen years he has held one side or the other of every leading case in 
the county ; and in criminal cases, has been employed in every important 
case not only in this circuit, but has been employed in Kansas, Nebraska, 
and north Missouri. As a lawyer he possesses abilities of a high order — 
keen, quick to discern the strong points of his own case, and the weak 
ones of his antagonist, his memory and his sagacity are rarely ever at 
fault; and his power over a jury consists in the clearness and forcible sim- 
plicity with which his arguments are addressed to their intelligence. His 
father, Wilson P. Boyd, Esq., and his mother, Susan E. (Lacy) Boyd, 
moved from Flemingsburg to Bloomington, Illinois, in 1857, and there Mr. 
Boyd practiced law^ until his death, in 1867. Mrs. Susan E. Boyd, after 
the death of her husband, moved to Areola, Illinois, where she resided 
with her daughters until her death, March 10, 1877. Mr. W. P. Boyd 
was at one time a member of the state senate of Kentucky, and w^as 
appointed by the legislature of Kentuck}' chairman of the committee to 



772 HISTORY OF SAI.INE COUNTY. 

receive Gen. Zachary Taylor at Louisville on his way to be inaugurated 
president, in 1S49. He was a whig until 1858, when he affiliated with the 
democracy. Mr. Samuel Boyd was married March 12, 1861, to Miss 
Fannie M. Clarkson, daughter of Dr. E. S. Clarkson, of Saline county, 
formerly of Kentucky, who died February 10, 1866, leaving three children: 
Caroline Russell, Wilson Porter, and Francis H. Mr. Boyd was again 
married, July 21, 1868, to Miss Marguerite M. Clarkson, sister of his first 
wife, and to this union have been born five children, two of whom, Sam- 
uel, Jr., and Isabelle, are living. 

SAMUEL DAVIS, P. o'., Marshall. Is a native of Saline county, 
Missouri, where he was born on the 1 7th of April, 1847, and raised on a 
farm within a mile of Marshall. His education was mainly obtained in 
the Marshall schools, and one term spent at the Kemper high school, 
Booneville, Missouri. In 1868, he commenced the study of law in the 
office of John P. Strother, Esq., of Marshall, and was admitted to the 
bar, August, 1869, and at once entered on the practice in Marshall, where 
he has since resided and practiced. In the next year, 1870, he was 
elected justice of the peace for Marshall township, and in 1872 received 
the democratic nomination for prosecuting attorney, and, as the test oath 
had then been repealed, was elected by an overwhelming majority. 
This office he filled with marked ability, and in 1874, he was renominated ! 
and re-elected without opposition. In 1876 he declined a renomination i 
for the office of prosecuting attorney, and was nominated to represent the 
first legislative district in the twenty-ninth general assembly, and was, of 
course, elected. In 1878 he was renominated and re-elected. Since 
then he has held no office, but has pursued the practice of his profession. 
In both capacities, as legislator and as a lawyer, as lawmaker and law- 
expounder, Mr. Davis has exhibited decided talent; and, being yet a com- 
paratively young man, a bright future is open to him. His father, Jesse 
Davis, was a well-known and highly respected citizen of this count}^, . 
before the war. Was county clerk, at the beginning of the war, from : 
which he was ousted by the Gamble government. He died in 1867, 
while yet a young man. His widow, Mrs. Lavinia (Jarboe) Davis, died 
in 1876. Samuel Davis, Esq., was married in Marshall, November 19, 
1872, to Miss Julia Newton, daughter of Prof. G. B. Newton, of this 
county, and has had three children, only one of whom, George, is living. 
HIRAM FERRILL, P. O., Marshall. Is son of Henry Ferril, one of 
the pioneers of Saline county, and the founder of the town of Miami, and 
was born in this county on the 30th of November, 1837. He was also 
raised and educated in this county. At the age of seventeen, in 1854, he 
entered a store as clerk, and remained there until 1860, when he com- 
menced the study of law, and pursued the same until the war broke out 
in 1861. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in company B, 1st infantry, 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 773 

4th division, Missouri state guards, under the call of Gov. Jackson, and 
was engaged in the battles of Carthage, Wilson Creek (where he was 
wounded in the head and went to the hospital), and Lexington. In 
December, 1S61, (the Missouri state guard having been disbanded), he 
started south in Robinson's recruits, and was captured December 19, 
1S61, with nearl}- the whole body, on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis and 
Alton, Illinois, and exchanged at Vicksburg in October, 1862. He then 
enlisted and was second lieutenant in the 9th Missouri infantr}-, C. S. A., 
and was in the battles of Gaines' landing. Pine Bluff (on staff of Col. 
Lawther), Pleasant Hill and Jenikns' ferry, where he was promoted to 
first lieutenant. Served to the end of the war, and surrendered June 5, 
1865. Served four years and never asked for leave of absence. In 1865 
he returned home and clerked for John P. Scott, of Miami, two years; 
then went to St. Louis as barkeeper for Banks & Co., to 1870; then back 
to Saline, and was admitted to the bar 1877. Was justice of the peace 
for Miami township from 1875 to 1877. In January-, 1881, he moved to 
Marshall, having been appointed deputy county clerk. He was married 
November 1, 1866, to Miss Eliza M. Cruzen of this county, and has no 
children living. 

MICAJAH C. SANDIDGE, county recorder, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born in Hart county, Kentucky, April 13, 1835, and moved with his 
parents to this county, and settled six miles south of Marshall, where he 
was raised on the farm, and educated in the schools of the neighborhood. 
At the age of fifteen he clerked in a stone in Marshall, until 1857, when 
he went to Lanesville, Kentucky, and clerked two years in a grocery and 
commission house. In 1859 his father died, and he returned to Saline 
county, Missouri, and took charge of the farm. In 1861, he joined Capt. 
Crew's company, M. S. G., and was in the battles of Wilson Creek and 
Lexington, and was discharged at the end of six months. In August, 1862, 
he enlisted in company D, First Missouri cavalry, Jo. Shelby, colonel; 
then Gordon. This company was afterwards made General Marmaduke's 
escort, and was in the battles of Coon Creek, Newtonia, Prairie Grove, 
Helena, Little Rock, and Jenkins' Ferry. In May, 1864, he was sent in 
the Federal lines as a spy, taken prisoner, and sent, first to the Arkansas 
penitentiary, at Little Rock, then to Rock Island, Illinois, where he 
remained until February, 1865, then sent to New Orleans, and then 
exchanged on April, 1865; went to Shreveport, joined his command, and 
surrendered in June. In March, 1866, he returned to Saline county, Mis- 
souri, and sold goods for Q. O. Striker, in Marshall, aud then went to 
farming until 1875. He then sold his farm, and engaged in milling for 
three years, and in 1878 was elected county recorder for four years. On 
the 5th of December, 1869, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Mayfield, 
daughter of Dr. Thomas Mayfield, of Barren county, Kentucky. She 



774 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

died January 25, 1S75, leaving three children: John T., Elizabeth A. and 
Micajah C. He was again married, March 5, 1S79 to Mrs. Jennie S. 
Sappington, daughter of Captain Mason Brown, killed at the battle of 
Boonville in 1S61. They have had two children, only one Ida C, living. 

S. E. De RACKEN, p. O., Marshall. Was born in Williamsburg 
county. South Carolina, February 24, 1842, and was raised on a plantation 
in Marion county, and educated at Flintville Academy. Taught school 
until 1863, when he was ordained a minister in the Baptist Church, and 
was stationed at Mt. Hope Church, at Williamsburg, 1866 and 1867. In 
1868 he moved to Sharpsburg, Kentucky, and had charge of the Sharps- 
burg male and female seminary until 1870, and then took charge of the 
Louisburg Academy, in Mason county, Kentucky, in 1870 and 1871. In 
1871 he came to Missouri, and had charge of the Baptist Church at Rich- 
mond, Missouri, one year. Then had charge of the academy at Oak 
Grove, Jackson county, Missouri, in 1874 and 1875. He then came to 
Saline county and taught school several years, having charge of the Union 
Church one year. In 1880 he moved to Marshall, and engaged in the 
newspaper business with Dr. Holland, establishing the Independent Mis- 
soun'an^ and the next year, 1881, he bought out Dr. Holland, and is now 
editor and proprietor of the paper. May 28, 1863, Mr. De Racken was 
married to Miss Mary H. Conners, of Clarendon, South Carolina, and has 
had seven children, of whom five are living: Thomas H., Samuel E., 
Anna M., Lizzie C, and Wade Hampton. 

WILLIAM H. LETCHER, Esq., P. O., Marshall. Is a native Mis- 
sourian, having been born in St. Louis, September 4, 1824, and is the son 
of Isaac Addison and Julia (Robb) Letcher, the former of Virginia, and 
the latter of Pennsylvania. He was raised in St. Louis, and educated at 
Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, Lexington, 
Virginia. He studied law, first with Hon. Edward Bates, and then with 
Hon. Wm. M. Campbell. He was admitted to the bar by Judge Ezra 
Hunt, in 1848, and in the same year located in Marshall, Saline county. 
During those early times he acted as justice of the peace and postmaster. 
In 1850 he took the United States census for this county. In 1852 he 
filled the office of county school commissioner, and held it four years. In 
1856 he was nominated for the legislature by the Whigs and Americans, 
and elected, and was again elected in 1858. While a member of the 
assembly the debate on the " Cape Girardeau Sunday Bill " occurred, in 
which debate Mr. Letcher had occasion to answer Col. Chris. Kribben, 
who defended the law, and this reply gave him a reputation as wide as 
the state. In 1860 Mr. Letcher moved to California; returning to Mis- 
souri temporarily in 1864, he remained until 1866, and then went back to 
California. In 1868 he returned permanently to Missouri, and located for 
the practice of law in St. Louis. In 1873 he once more moved to this 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 775 

county, where he expects to finish his life in the practice of his profession. 
In 1875 he was elected one of the delegates to the constitutional conven- 
tion from the district composed of the counties of Saline, Lafayette, and 
Pettis, in the proceedings of which he took an active and efficient part. 
He is a man of great abilit}^ and has a reputation extending over the 
state. In 1848 Mr. Letcher was married to Miss Evalina Ransom, 
daughter of Ambrose Ransom, of Union, Franklin county, Missouri, who 
died in 1851, leaving one son, now living, Jerrold R. In 1854 he married 
Miss Nannie Ransom, sister to his former wife, by whom he also has one 
son living, Rule Letcher. Of six children, these two sons onlv survive. 

JOSEPH HUSTON, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Saline county, 
where he w^as born March 13, 1827, and raised on his father's farm until 
he was old enough to enter his father's grocery store in Arrow Rock, as 
salesman. After he became of age he engaged himself in the grocery 
business in Arrow Rock, and in 1859 entered into co-partnership with Mr. 
Will H. Wood, and shortly after, in 1865, they added the commission 
business. For ten years they had a large and flourishing trade, com- 
manding nearly all the commission business of Arrow Rock, and about 
one-third of the county. They continued this business until 1869, when 
they gave up commission and merchandise, and established a banking 
house under the firm of Wood & Huston, in Arrow Rock. In 1873 they 
erected a banking house in Marshall, and removed their business there, 
establishing one of the strongest private banks in central Missouri. In 
1849 Mr. Huston married Miss Virginia Thompson, daughter of Philip 
Thompson, one of the early settlers of Howard county. His first wife' 
died, and Mr. Huston married again, in 1857, to Miss Mary Smith, 
daughter of G. S. Smith, of this county, formerly of Kentucky. He is 
the father of ten children, of whom six are now living. Mr. Huston has 
made a large fortune, and is one of the most solid men in this county. 

ROBERT H.. WILLIS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Culpepper 
county, Virginia, on the 15th of December, 1837, where he was reared 
and educated. In 1860, he came to Missouri, and settled in Saline county. 
In 1861, he joined Capt. Ed Brown's compan}^, in the M. S. G., and served 
six months, the time of enlistment. In December, 1861, he started south 
with Robinson's body of recruits, and was captured with them December 
19, 1861, on Blackwater, taken to St. Louis, and then to Alton, Illinois, 
Avhere he remained three months; was then released, on taking the oath, 
and returned home. In 1864, as Gen. Price's army passed through 
Saline, Mr. Willis again enlisted in the Confederate service, in Gen. Mar- 
maduke's escort company; remained in the service to the end of the war, 
and surrendered in 1865, at Shreveport. He participated in the battles of 
Wilson's Creek, Booneville, Dry Wood, and Lexington. After the war, 
he settled down on the farm, northeast of Marshall, which he soon after 



776 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

purchased, aad resided there until 1875. In 1874, he was elected sheriff 
of Saline county, and in 1875, moved into Marshall, the county seat, to 
assume his official duties. Mr. Willis is a democrat, and was again 
elected sheriff, in 1876. In 1879, Mr. Willis engaged in the grocery busi- 
ness, in Marshall, with Mr. Ben Naylor, until 1881, .when Naylor sold out 
to Wm. Nordyke, and the firm is now Willis & Nordyke. They do a 
leading business in their line. In 1861, Mr. Willis married Miss Mary 
E. Cox, daughter of Jesse Cox, a law3'er and an old settler of this county. 
They have had ten children, eight of whom— two sons and six daughters 
— are living. Mr. Willis came to Saline poor, but by his industr}- and 
management is now in easy circumstances. 

JOHN B. BREATHITT, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Logan 
county, Kentuck}', where he was born in 1844, and is son of Cardwell 
and Mary (Slaughter) Breathitt, and grandson of Gov. John Breathitt, of 
Kentucky. His father moved to Missouri in 1852, and settled on a farm 
close to the county line between Saline and Cooper, and in Cooper 
county, where he still lives, and where John B. was raised and educated. 
He also went two terms to Prof. G. B. Newton, in Pettis county. In 1861 
h6 was appointed a cadet to the West Point Military Academ}^, but owing 
to the breaking out of the war, he declined the appointment. In Decem- 
ber, 1861, he joined Capt. Sutherlin's squad of recruits for the Confederate 
army, who, on reaching Memphis, Tennessee, were organized into com- 
pany- G, 2d Missouri Cavalry, the only Missouri Cavalry east of the Mis- 
sissippi river. He remained with this regiment all through the war, par- 
'ticipating in all its battles, for a list of which, see muster roll of company 
G, 2d Missouri Cavalry, in soldier's record. At the organization of the 
regiment it mustered over 900 men, and when it surrendered at Columbus, 
Mississippi, in 1865, it was reduced to 150 men, all told. After the war 
he returned home and went to work on his father's farm, and reading law 
in all spare time. He was admitted to the bar in Marshall in 1873, by 
Judge Townsley. In 1876 he was elected prosecuting attorney for Saline 
county for two years. Since then he has devoted himself to the practice 
of his profession in Marshall. 

JOHN C. PATTERSON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Warrens- 
burg, Missouri, October 15, 1858, and in 1860 moved with his parents to 
Sedalia, Missouri, where he was raised and educated at the State Normal 
School, Warrensburg, Missouri, where he graduated in 1875 in the 
elementary course. In 1876 he came to Marshall, in this county, and 
worked for several years at the printer's trade in the Progress office. In 
June, 1879, he established the Marshall Daily Nctus^ with a city circula- 
tion of 250. The Daily Nezvs has steadily increased in circulation and 
business, and is now one of the fixed institutions of Marshall. In 1880, 
Mr. Patterson added a weekh* edition to his dail}-, which has rapidly 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 777 

enlarged its circulation, and now stands on a level with the best news- 
papers in the county. 

JOHN P. MARTIN, P. O., Marshall. Is a native of Jefferson county, 
Indiana, where he was born January 4, IS 33. In 1842 he moved with his 
parents to Missouri, and came to Saline county, where, and in Cooper 
county, he has lived ever since. He was raised on a farm, and educated 
in the countr}- schools. In 1850 he moved to Cooper county, and lived 
there until 1866, farming and teaching school. In 1866 he moved back to 
Saline, and farmed, South of Marshall, until 1871. In 1871 and 1872 he 
acted as deputy sherifl and collector. In January, 1874, he was appointed 
treasurer to fill vacancy occasioned b}- the resignation of B. Sappington. 
In November, 1874, he was elected treasurer, for two 3'ears, and was 
re-elected in 1876, 1878, and in 1880. As the continuance of his office 
would indicate, Mr. Martin has made an exceptionally good officer. His 
integrity is above suspicion, and he holds the confidence of the people as 
fully, perhaps, as any man in Saline county. 

JUDGE JOHN P. STROTHER, P. O., Marshall. Judge Strother 
was born in Henry county, Kentuck}-, February 16, 1837, where he was 
reared on a farm, and educated. His father and grandfather were minis- 
ters of the M. E. Church, South. Most of his ancestors were Virginians, 
and traced their lineage back to patrician origin in England and Scotland. 
His mother was a Bruce. The Strother family, wherever located in 
America, as far as known, sprang fi"om a common source in England, 
where the family coat of arms was a red shield with a diagonal bar of sil- 
ver, with three eagles in blue, and the shield siirmounted with a yellow 
greyhound. On both paternal and maternal sides the Strother family has 
given the country many eminent men, such as Gen. D. H. Strother, (Porte 
Crayon) of Virginia; Wm. Preston, of Kentucky, and President Zachary 
Taylor, whose mother was a Strother, etc., and not the least among them 
is Judge John P. Strother, of Missouri. Judge Strother early developed 
a thirst for knowledge, and received much of his education from the judi- 
cious aid of his father, who was a highly educated man. Like most 
imaginative youths at " sweet sixteen," he much affected poetry, and some 
of his early effusions found their way into the public journals. At the age 
of sixteen he also wrote a biography of his grandparents on the mother's 
side, who were pioneers of Kentucky. About the age of fourteen he 
united with the church of his fathers, to which he has ever since adhered; 
and he has been twice elected to the general conference. Some years 
since, he wrote a pamphlet on church matters, opposing several Episcopal 
decisions, which was published and largely circulated, and which is gen- 
erally regarded as having 'settled the questions in dispute. In 18.56 he 
studied law under Hon. W. S. Pryor, now of the Kentuck}- court of 
appeals, and attended the law department of the University of Louisville, 



778 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

where he graduated in ISoS. He. first began practice in New Castle, 
Kentuck}', but desiring a broader field, in the fall of 1S5S, he came to this 
county and located in Marshall. Soon after the war broke out, he returned 
to Kentucky and remained until 1865, when he returned to Saline, stopped 
in Miami until 1867, then moved to Marshall, where he has since lived, 
and practiced his profession. Judge Strother was twice county attorney 
of this county, once before and once after the war; and in 1872 he was 
elected to the state senate for four years, and was chairman of the judici- 
ary and several other important committees. In 1879 he came near being 
the democratic candidate for lieutenant governor, though not a candidate 
for the nomination. In 1878 he only lacked three votes, in convention, of 
receiving the democratic nomination (which was equivalent to election) for 
congress in this, the eleventh district. In 1880, desiring rest from practice, 
he consented to become a candidate for judge of this, the sixth judicial 
circuit, including the counties of Saline, Lafayette and Pettis, was elected, 
and entered on his duties January 1, 1881. Judge Strother has filled ever}'' 
public oflice with which he has been entrusted, with honor to himself and 
credit to his constituents. It is but recently that he assumed the ofhce he 
now fills, that of circuit judge, but the brilliant legal talents displayed in a 
long practice, insure an equally brilliant record on the bench. On the 23d 
of October, 1860, Judge Strother *married Miss Mildred E. Lewis, of 
Marshall, and has had nine children, seven of whom are living. 

C. L. W. McFARLAND, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Greenfield, 
Highland count}^, Ohio, April 10, 1849. His father was formerly from 
Mar^'land, and his mother from Georgetown, Kentucky. In 1851 he 
came with his parents to St. Louis, thence to Liberty, Clay county, Mis- 
souri. At the age of thirteen, he learned carriage and omnibus painting 
in St. Louis. In 1865 he moved to Rocheport, Boone county, Missouri, 
In 1874 he worked in a machine shop, in Rocheport, for two years. In 
1879 he located in Marshall, and in 1881, he entered into partnership 
with Mr. Long, making the present firm. On the 4th of October, 1874, 
he married Miss M. V. Waddell, of Rocheport, and they have one child, 
Virginia B. McFarland. The father of Mr. McFarland was the inventor 
and proprietor of the celebrated McFarland saddle. 

SAINT A. McAllister, p. O., Marshall. Was born in Marshall, 
Saline county, Missouri, August 10, 1852, where he w"as raised and edu- 
cated. When he was about sixteen years old, he went to St. Louis, and 
remained there for some time, and learned his trade as painter. He 
returned to Marshall and has lived here ever since. Saint is a good 
painter, and sometimes employs several hands. He was married on the 
25th of June, 1877, to Miss M. E. Garrett, who is a native of Illinois, and 
accompained the Isgrig family to this county. They have one child, 
Nellie M. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 779' 

JOHN BRANDECKER, merchant tailor, P. O., Marshall. Was 
born in the kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, November 15, 1S24. He 
was raised in the city of Obendorff, and received a thorough classical 
education. At the age of sixteen he learned the tailor's trade. In 1847,. 
he came to the United States, and located in New Orleans, and remained 
there for three years. He worked in various places until 1853, when he 
came to Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, and carried on business there 
until 1861, then came to Marshall, Missouri, and has been here ever since, 
except one year which he spent in Bushnell, Illinois. He was married 
June 20, 1853, to Miss Martha Hall, of Fayette, Howard county, formerly 
of Kentucky. They had three children, all dead, and Mrs. Brandecker 
died May 20, 1858. Was again married May 8, 1858, to Mrs. Eliza Adle- 
man, formerly Miss Inglehart. Mr. Brandecker started in life with noth- 
ing but his trade ; by economy, industry and good management, he has 
made quite a handsome property for his old age. He has a considerable 
property in Marshall that yields him a handsome revenue. 

WILLIAM A. CONWAY, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Nicholas 
county, Kentucky, September 16, 1849, where he grew to manhood. He 
was raised on a farm, and educated in the public schools. In 1853 he 
moved to Ray county, and in 1865 back to Nicholas county, with his 
parents. In 1868 they came to Saline county, and followed farming and 
trading in stock. In 1876 Mr. Conwa}- located in Marshall, where he has 
established an extensive meat market, and a large trade in stock gener- 
ally. He was first married in 1873, to Miss J. Odell, daughter of Wil- 
liam Odell, of this county, and had one child, John William. Mrs. 
Conway died in 1875. Mr. Conway married again on the 25th of Sep- 
tember, 1876, to Miss Elnora Pendleton, of this county, formerly of Mem- 
phis, Tennessee. They have two children: Vinnie F. and Clair. 

DR. M. M. BOND, P. O., Marshall. Dr. Bond was born in Danville, 
Montgomery county, Missouri, October 30, 1849, where he lived to his 
fifteenth year. He was raised on a farm, and educated in private schools. 
In 1865 he went to Helena, Arkansas, and engaged as clerk in a drug 
store. In 1866 he went to Duvall's Blufl'and learned telegraphing, which 
he followed for ten years in various states. During this time he also read 
medicine, and graduated in the Kansas Cit}' Medical College in 1878. He 
then moved to Marshall, in this county, and engaged in the practice of his 
profession. For two years he has been the county physician. On the 
30th of April, 1871, he was married to Miss Alice Spaulding, of Arkansas. 
They have four children : Julia, Henry P., Lucy, and Richard. 

R. M. PRICE, P. O., Marshall Is a native of Shelby county, Ken- 
tucky, where he was born on the 24th of October, 1832, grew to man- 
hood, and received his education. He was raised on a farm, and contin- 
ued to farm in Shelby county until 1864. In that year he moved to Craw- 



780 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

fordsville, Indiana, and engaged in the manufacture of furniture. In July, 
1867, he came to Saline county, and purchased a farm five miles from 
Marshall. He continued to farm until 1880, when he, in company with 
Mr. Perry, went into the grocery and meat business in Marshall. In 
1857 he married Miss M. A. Wallace, daughter of Maj. J. H. Wallace, 
of Fa3-ette county, Kentucky. They have have had nine children, six of 
whom are living: Agnes, Luella, John W., Sterling, Rankin M., and 
Richie. Mrs. Price died on the 12th of February, 1877, in Saline county. 
He w^as again married on the 5th of March, to Miss Mar}- Fitzpatrick, of 
this county. 

JOHN R. VANCE, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Knox county, 
Ohio, August 22, 1836, w'here he was raised on a farm, and was edu- 
cated at Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, where he graduated in 1862. 
He then studied law, and attended the lectures of the law department of 
of the university at Ann Arbor, Michigan. He commenced the practice 
of his profession in Columbus, in 1863 and 1864, and was also superin- 
tendent of public schools in Columbus. In July, 1865, he came to this 
county, and located in Marshall, where he has since practiced law. In 
1870 he was elected superintendent of public schools in this county, 
which he held one term. Mr. Vance was married in 1869 to Miss 
Annette Wilson, daughter of Col. Wm. A. Wilson, deceased, formerly of 
Marshall, and has two children: Minnie and Rufus. Mr. Vance stands 
well in his profession, and is a member of the law firm of Yerby & Vance. 

DR. L. L. MILES, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Miami county, 
Ohio, March 6, 1831, where he resided until seventeen years of age; was 
raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools, and with his parents 
moved to Wabash county, Indiana, and farmed up to 1858. He com- 
menced the study of dentistr}- under Dr. Talbot, of Richmond, Indiana. 
In 1859 he attended a course in the Cincinnati dental college, and the 
same year, commenced the practice of dentistry at Wabash City, Indiana. 
He continued there until 1868. In 1S6S he came to this county and 
located in Marshall, where he has since been one of the leading dentists. 
In 1854 he married Miss J. J. Hutchinson, of Wabash county, Indiana, 
and has four children: Annie H., Thomas H., Rollin, and Harry F. Mrs. 
Miles died in Marshall on the 17th of July, 1880, after a long lingering ill- 
ness of many months, attended by almost unparalleled suffering, w^hich 
was borne with true christian patience and fortitude. 

THOMAS CONWAY, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Nicholas 
county, Kentuck}', January 16, 1848, and in 1852, came with his parents 
to Missouri, and settled in St. Louis county, where they lived three years. 
They then moved to Ray county, where they sta3'ed until 1865, and then 
moved back to Kentuck}-. In 1869, the}' moved to Missouri again, and 
settled in this county; and Mr. Conway had but five dollars when he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 781 

arrived here, and went to work by the month. In four months he bought 
a horse on time, and began trading, first in horses, then in other stock, until 
he gradually became a regular stock-dealer. In 18TP) he moved to Marshall, 
and purchased an interest in his brother's meat market, which they have 
carried on ever since. On the 4th of April, 1872, he was married to Miss 
Emma Carver, of this county. They have had five children, only two 
of whom are now living: Aubrey and Ruby. 

WM. H. PATE, Jr., P. O., Marshall. Was born in Carroll county, 
Missouri, March 18, 1849. He was raised on a farm, and educated in 
private schools until 1865, when he came to this county with his parents. 
In 1872 he came to Marshall, and clerked for P. H. Rea in the grocery 
business for five years; then went to St. Louis and worked for J. E. 
Hayner & Co. one year. Since then he has been in the employ of 
McCormack's machine company. He is a young man of strict integrity 
and good business qualifications. 

C. C. JOHNS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Columbiana county, 
Ohio, April 19, 1837. In 1847 he went with his parents to Beaver, Penn- 
sylvania, where he lived until eighteen years of age. He then started 
out in life for himself, and went to Madison, Wisconsin, where he lived 
two years; then to Freeport, Illinois, and engaged in selling lightning 
rods for two years; then to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1865, and engaged in the 
lumber business. In 1867 went to near Davenport, Iowa, and followed 
farming and stock trading. From 1869 to 1872 he followed the photo- 
graphing business in Iowa, Kansas, and Texas. In 1872 located in Browns- 
ville, in this county, and in ] 874 he located in Marshall, where he has now 
one of the finest galleries in Western Missouri, and does the leading busi- 
ness. In 1864 he married Miss Nellie Hiser, of Bloomington, Illinois, and 
has two children: Frank and Lucy. 

J. W. PROSSER, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Prosser was born in this 
county on the 7th of August, 1858, where he was raised on a farm, and 
educated at the state normal school at Warrensburg, Missouri. His father 
died when he was only nine years of age, and soon after, the care of the 
farm and family fell upon his young shoulders. They lost heavily during 
the war, in personal property. He carried on the farm until 1880, and 
then came to Marshall, and engaged in his present occupation, that of 
restaurant, grocery and fancy goods. He is a young man of moral and 
steady habits, of excellent business qualifications, and bids fair to build 
up a large and prosperous business in Marshall. 

JOSEPH W. BARTLETT, P. O., Marshall. Son of Foster Bartlett, 
of this county, where Joseph was born, on the 28th of September, 1855. 
He was raised on a farm, and educated in private schools. He was 
elected constable of Marshall township, in 1880, over five competitors, by 



782 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

a.rnajority of 114. He is a steady and upright young man, and has 
proved himself a most e.xcellent officer. 

PROF. C. F. STORANDT, P. O., Marshall. Prof. Storandt was 
born in Saxony, Germany, May 26, 1S46. He commenced the study of 
music when he was but six years old. He was raised in Saxony, and was 
educated at the Teachers' Seminary of that place. All his early life was 
spent in school. He commenced teaching music at the age of eighteen, 
and was leader of one of the German military bands for two years. In 
1868 he came to America, and located at Wheeland, near Kenosha, Wis- 
consin, and taught German there for three years. In 1871 and 1872 he 
had charge of the musical department of the Christian College, Lex- 
ington, Missouri. In 1873 he went to Brownsville, and organized the 
brass band there, and taught music until 1877, when he came to Marshall; 
and has since followed teaching music and selling musical instruments. 
In 1872 he was married to Miss Emma Flvnt, of Lexington, Missouri. 

JAMES M. ANCELL, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Arrow Rock, 
in this county, November 11, 1852, where he was raised, and was 
educated at McGee College, Macon county, Missouri. His early life was 
spent in his father's store in Arrow Rock. In 1878 he came to Marshall, 
where he clerked for his brother, W. H. Ancell, until 1880, w^hen he 
engaged in his present business, that of restaurant. On the 13th of April, 
1881, he was married to Miss Georgie Dance, daughter of Edward Dance, 
of this county. 

WILLIAM D. MERRELL, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Lewis 
count}^ Missouri, August 14, 1844, where he grew to manhood on a farm, 
and was educated in Abinrjdon College. He followed farming and stock- 
raising, until 1869, when he located in Saline county. In 1871 he moved 
to Miami, and engaged in the livery business, and in 1873 moved to 
Brownsville and continued the same business for two years. In 1875 he 
moved to Marshall, and at once established a large liv^ery business, in 
which he has been engaged ever since. He has also a very valuable farm 
of over 100 acres, one-half mile from Marshall, which he carries on, and 
upon which he feeds large numbers of mules each winter. Mr. Merrell 
was married in 1867, to Miss A. V. Browning, of La Grange, Missouri. 
Thev have two children, Ella B. and Willie T. 

GEORGE MITCHELL, Mitchell & Son, jewelers, P. O., MarshaU. 
Was born in Aberbrathswick, Farforshire, Scotland, April 17, 1818. His 
parents both died when he was but a child, and he was raised by his uncle. 
At the age of fourteen he learned the jeweler's trade. In 1835, he came 
to the United States, and located at Pulaski, New York, and carried on 
the business there for twenty years. In 1857, he moved to Hannibal, 
Missouri, and there carried on his trade until 1865, and then moved to 
Quincy, Illinois, where he lived until 1873, when he moved to this county 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 783 

and located in Marshall, where he has since lived and pursued the jeweler's 
business, having a large and paying trade. He was married in 1838 to 
Miss Amanda B. King, daughter of Major Henry King, Pulaski, N. Y. 
She died on the 10th of March, 1881. Frank G. Mitchell is the only 
child living, now doing business with his father. 

P. A. GIBBS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Franklin county, Ken- 
tucky, July 5, 18-10, where he lived,, and in Shelby county, until 1850, 
when he came with his parents to Missouri, and located at Jonesboro, in 
this county. His father being a blacksmith, he commenced learning the 
trade at twelve years of age. In 1861 he enlisted in Capt. Crews' com- 
pany M. S. G., and was in the battles of Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's 
Creek, Dry Wood, and Lexington. Re-enlisted, and was captured 
December 19, 1861, at Blackwater, in Col. Robertson's regiment of 
recruits; was taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois, w'here he took the 
oath, and returned home. Went to Indiana in 1863, and stayed there 
blacksmithing until 1867. Then returned to Saline; went to Arrow^ Rock 
in 1868; w^ent to Booneville, and in 1876 returned to Marshall, where he 
now is, working at his trade. He makes a specialty of shoeing fine 
horses, in which he has no superior. He married Miss Mary Ellen May- 
field, of New Albany, Indiana, in 1861:, and has four children: Obie F., 
George P., James M., and Minnie May. 

M. P. McGINNIS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Canada East, 
November li, 1842. In 1849, came with his parents to Saline county. 
At the age of fifteen he went to St. Louis, and worked for Benton & Co., 
wholesale dry goods house, until 1866. He then returned to Saline 
county, with but two dollars, and went to farming. In 1875 he came to 
Marshall, and established the Senate saloon, which he owns at the 
present time, and from which he has realized a handsome fortune. 

THOMAS McGINNIS, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Ireland on the 
11th of July, 1839, and came with his parents to America the next year, 
locating in Canada East, where they remained until 1849, and then moved 
to Missouri, and located in this county. In 1862 he enlisted in the 3d Mis- 
souri artillery, C. S. A., and served, principally in Arkansas, to the close 
of the w^ar in 1865, participating in all the battles in w^hich his battery was 
engaged. After the war, he returned to this county, and followed farm- 
ing for four years. In 1871 he moved to Marshall, and was deputy marshal 
one term. In 1875 he engaged in his present business, saloon. On the 21st 
of March, 1869, he was married to Miss Kate Mahan, of St. Louis. They 
have five children living: Mar}- E., John T., William E., Michael J., and 
Catherine A. 

JAMES S. JACKSON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Albemarle 
county, V'irginia, March 4, 1836, and came with his parents in 1848 to 
this county. He was raised on a farm. At the breaking out of the war 



784 HISTORY OF SAI.INE COUNTY. 

in 1861, he enlisted in Capt. Brown's company in the M. S. G.; then 
enlisted in the Confederate army, in Stallard's company, Marmaduke's 
escort, and after the capture of Marmaduke was transferred to Shelby's 
command, where he served to the end of the war, and sm-rendered at 
Shreveport in 1S65. He participated in the battles of Booneville, Lex- 
ington, Wilson's Creek, and the severe engagements of Price's raid. 
After the war returned to Saline, and farmed till 1877, then came to Mar- 
shall, and engaged lirst in the meat business, then in 1878 opened the 
National Hotel in Marshall, of which he is now landlord, and is doing a 
good and increasing business. He was married in 1873 to Miss C. S. 
Roberts, of Nelson county. They have three children living: Cabell, 
Mary M., and James P. 

L. A. BRADFORD, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Madison county, 
Virginia, June 20, 1835, where he was raised on a farm, and educated in 
the subscription schools, and at the age of eighteen learned the carpenter 
trade. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in company C, Fourth. Virginia 
cavalry, under Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, and was in all the leading battles in 
Virginia: Seven days around Richmond, Chancellorsville, Antietam, 
etc., and followed the fortunes of that celebrated cavalry all through the 
war, and surrendered at Appomattox. He returned to Madison county, 
Virginia, and worked at his trade until he had made enough to come 
west, which he did in 1866, and located at Marshall, in this county, land- 
ing there with just $5 in the world, and has worked at his trade since. By 
his energy and industry he has accumulated property and prospered well. 
He was married in December, 1868, to Miss S. A. Webb, of this county, 
formerly of Albemarle county, Virginia. They have had four children, 
only one of whom is now living: Daisie Webb Bradford. 

JUDGE DAVID LANDON, P. O., Marshall. Judge Landon was 
born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, June 2, 1825, where he was raised 
on a farm, and was educated in Troy Academy, Pennsylvania. He 
started out as a teacher at the age of twenty-two, and taught in Brad- 
ford count}^ for some years. In 1859 he moved to Pettis county, Mis- 
souri, and taught there until 1863, when he moved to this county and 
located in Marshall, and was teaching there at the time of the battle 
of Marshall, and in 1864, at the time of Price's last raid. In 1864 
he was .appointed probate judge and treasurer of Saline county, and 
held the combined offices until the next general election, in 1866, when he 
was elected to the same offices. He held these offices until 1869, when 
the office of probate judge was abolished, and he was appointed judge 
of the court of common pleas, until the next general election, in 1870. 
The office of treasurer was at this time separated from all other offices. 
In 1870 Judge Landon was defeated for the office of judge ot the court 
of common pleas. In 1871 he was appointed county attorney, and held 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 785 

that office until that office was abolished, or merged in that of prosecu- 
ting attorne}', in 1872. Judge Landon read law when a young man, and 
after 1872, practiced his profession for two years, when he went on a 
farm, for a year or so, for his health. Since then he has been teaching 
in Marshall. On the 11th of April, 1849, he was married in New York, 
to Miss C. M. Hunt, daughter of Major J. Hunt, a soldier of 1812; and 
has had four children, three now living: Frances E., wife of George Noble, 
Edward R., and Lillian H. Judge Landon was a conservative, union 
man in the war, and by his prudent kindness, saved the lives of many 
imprudent southern men. 

GEORGE WEBER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Bavaria, Ger- 
many, April 28, 1841, where he was raised on a farm, and educated in the 
common schools. He followed farming in Germany, to the time he came 
to the United States. In 1867 he crossed the Atlantic, and located in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, and worked on the Marietta and Cincinnati railroad 
depot fo» ten months. In 1869 he moved to Missouri, and for a time 
worked in a vineyard at Fayette, Howard county, Missouri. In 1871 he 
came to Saline county, and for three years kept bar for Chris. Althouse. 
In 1876 he bought out Mr. Althouse's saloon, and engaged in the business 
by himself until 1880, when he took Mr. Jacob Smith into partnership, 
under the firm name of Weber & Smith. Mr. Weber was married in 
1876 to Miss Katie Postal, of Benton county, Missouri, formerly of Ger- 
many, and has one child, a daughter, Rosa. 

A. T. SWISHER, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Swisher was born in Berk- 
ley county, Virginia, October 17, 1838, where he was raised on a farm, 
until he was nineteen years old, and educated in a subscription school. At 
the age of sixteen he learned the carpenter's trade. In 1857 he came to 
this county with his parents, and has devoted himself to his trade ever 
since. For the first year or so he worked for other contractors; he has 
contracted for himself. At the breaking out of the war, in the spring of 
1861, he joined the first company (Marmaduke's) organized in this county, 
under Gov. Jackson's call for the M. S. G. He was in the first battle of 
Booneville; and when his company broke up, after the battle, he joined 
the company formed by Capt. Sheridan, and was at the battle of Lexing- 
ton. In December, 1869, he joined the body of recruits going south, 
under Col. Robinson, and was captured with them on Blackwater, Decem- 
ber 19, 1861; was taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois; where, in the 
spring of 1862, he took the oath, and came home. When the general call 
for all to join the militia was made, he again went south, in 1862, and 
joined Gen. Shelby's command, with which he continued to the end of 
the war. After the war closed he returned to Saline county, and has 
been here ever since. In 1870 he moved to Marshall, and has steadily 
50 



786 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

pursued his avocation of contractor and builder. In 1867 he was married 
to Miss M. C. Hedges, of Saline county, formerh' of Virginia. Has had 
six children, five now living: Daniel A., Katie E., Henry H., Joseph F., 
and Ma}-. 

JAMES HENRY, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Henry w^as born in county 
Antrim, Ireland, December 20, 1844, and in 1859 came with his parents 
to America, and stayed some time in New York, learning telegraphing. 
He then went to Grand Trunk R. R. in Maine and Canada for four years. 
He came back to New York city, and in a year, in 1866, moved w'est, and 
landed in Kansas City, Missouri, April, 1867. But he was so disgusted 
with the raging river, which was then on one of its biggest booms, that he 
went back to New York. He came west again very soon, however, and 
commenced on the Vandalia road when it first started from East St. Louis. 
From there he came to the Missouri Pacific R. R., in 1870, and remained 
until he came to Brownsville, in this county, in 1871. In May, 1879, he 
accepted the agency of the C. & A. R. R., in Marshall, and left Browns- 
ville. He has continued his engagement with the C. & A. R. R. ever 
since. He is a greenbacker of the straightest persuasion, and of the most 
radical type. On the 7th of July, 1872, he was married to Miss Matilda 
Fine, of St. Louis, and has three children, one son and two daughters: 
John Mitchell, Lafayette, Margaret and Agatha. Mr. Henry opened the 
first railroad station at Brownsville, in Saline county, December 31, 1871, 
on the then Lexington and St. Louis R. R. In 1875, the large corn crop 
year, he shipped from that station 1,955 car loads of corn within five 
months. Mr. Henry first inaugurated the shipping of Sweet Springs 
water. He sent samples of it to every express office for 500 miles in every 
direction. 

MAJ. JOHN B. PERKINS, P. O., Marshall. Son of Jacob and Ele- 
nor A. Perkins; his father being from Baltimore, Maryland, and his 
mother from Penns3lvania. John B. was born in Lexington, Holmes 
county, Mississippi, November 1, 1839. In 1849 he moved wdth his 
parents to Memphis, Tennessee, where he was rasied, and was educated 
by a private tutor. In 1858 he engaged in the drug business, in Des Arc, 
Arkansas, where he remained until the beginning of the war, then joined 
the southern army, and was elected major of the Fifty-fourth regiment^ 
Arkansas state troops. Was afterward transferred to the Confederate 
service. Was in the battles of Neosho, Carthage, Oak Hill, Corinth, and 
Tupelo. In 1863, was taken sick and sent to Mobile. He was then 
transferred to the quartermaster's department west of the river, and 
served there to the end of the war. After the war he came to this 
county, and remained here until 1867, when he returned to Memphis, 
Tennessee, and engaged there in mercantile business for three years. In 
1870 he came back to Saline county, and engaged in merchandising at 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 787 

Arrow Rock, and also in the study of law. He. was admitted to the bar 
in 1876, and practiced in Arrow Rock until 1879, when he was appointed 
deputy county clerk, under W. S. Jackson, where he remained until Col. 
Jackson's death, July, 1880, when he was appointed county clerk until the 
next general election. On the 11th of August, 1803, he was married to 
Miss Annie E. Jackson, daughter of Gov. C. F. Jackson, of Missouri, 
and has three children: Pearla, WilHam Claiborne, and Henry Marma- 
duke. 

JOSEPH WRONKER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Prussia, Octo- 
ber 1.5, 184:2, where he lived to thirteen years of age, and then came 
with his sister to America, and settled in St. Louis, and for ten years was 
traveling salesman for several different wholesale tobacco houses in St. 
Louis. In 1879 he came to Marshall, in this county, and established a 
cigar manufactory, and is doing a large and increasing business, under the 
name of Schnurmacher & Co. He was married. May 12, 1872, to Miss 
Mary Schnurmacher, and has two children, one son and one daughter, 
Benjamin and Flora. 

JOHN H. EHRNMAN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Pickaway 
county, Ohio, December 27, 1838. In 1853 his parents moved to Lee 
county, Iowa. He worked in a bakery, and learned the trade while a 
mere boy, and at the age of seventeen learned the carpenter's trade, which 
last he followed for ten years. In 1870, he came to this county and settled 
in Marshall, working one year at the carpenter's trade. The next year, 
1871, commenced the baking business; and in 1873 lost his bakery by fire. 
Started up again, the same year, and is now doing an extensive and pay- 
ing business in his line. Has been member of the board of aldermen for 
Marshall. In 1864, he was married to Miss Martha Donnell, of Keokuk, 
Iowa, and has had four children, two of whom are living: Maggie Jane 
and Rebie L. 

THOMAS B. PATTERSON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Lex- 
ington, Missouri, July 28, 1849, and in 1858 moved with his parents to 
Waverly, Lafayette county, Missouri, where he grew to manhood, and 
was educated at private schools. In 1867 he learned the tinner's trade, 
and went into the hardware and tin business. In 1875 he moved to Mar- 
shall, and in company with Mr. W. E. Woodson, he engaged in the drug 
business. In the fall of 1878 they sold out to L. P. Douglass & Co., and 
in the spring of 1881 they purchased the large stock of tin, stoves and 
hardware belonging to Mr. Charles Reed, which business they now carry 
on extensively. Mr. Patterson was married in 1875 to Miss Elizabeth 
Fitzpatrick, of Waverly, Missouri, and has one child, a son, John F. 

JOHN P. PHILPOTT, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Macoupin 
county, Illinois, September 9, 1848, where he was raised upon a farm and 
educated in the common schools. In 1866 he moved to Saline countv 



788 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

with his parents, and followed farming up to 1871. In that year he 
engaged in his present business in Marshall, and now carries the largest 
stock of boots and shoes in Saline county, working quite a number of 
hands, and makes a specialty of fine custom-made work. In January, 
1868, he was married to Miss Caroline Lawton, of this county. 

LUTHER C. EHRNMAN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Pickaway 
county, Ohio, on the 16th of March, 1813. When he was about ten years 
old, in 1854, his parents moved to Lee county, Iowa, where he grew up 
on a farm, and was educated in Fairfield College, Fairfield, Iowa. In 
1863 he went to California, and followed farming, driving out an ox team; 
and in 1865, returned by the way of Nicaraugua. Returning to Iowa, he 
farmed there until 1870, and came to this county, and farmed until 1874. 
In December, 1874, he went into the grocery business with his father, in 
Marshall, under the firm name of Ehrnman & Sons. Mr. Ehrnman is one 
of the steadiest and most reliable business men in the city of Marshall, and 
has been a member of the city council. He, with his parents and all, or 
nearly all of brothers and sisters, are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
He was married on the 22d of February, 1870, to Miss Nannie Caldwell, 
of Lee county, Iowa. They have had five children, three now living: 
Annie G., Myrtle V., and Daisy B. 

A. F. VAWTER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Monroe county, 
Missouri, September 26, 1840, where he lived until 1857, and was raised 
on a farm. In 1857 he moved with his parents to Fulton, Missouri, and 
entered Westminster College at that place and there graduated. In 1862 
he engaged in farming, in Monroe county, Missouri, and in 1864, in the 
drug business in Florida, Monroe county, Missouri. In 1870 he came to 
Marshall, in this county, and entered the drug business with his brother, 
firm name of Vawter Brothers, in which he has continued to the present 
time, and is one of the oldest drug houses in Marshall. In 1873 he mar- 
ried Miss Emma Majors, of Kansas City, Missouri, and has two children: 
William E. and Fannie L. 

DR. W. F. VAWTER, P. O., Marshall. Is a native Missourian; 
was born in Monroe county, December 28, 1844, where fhe lived until 
1857, when his parents moved to Fulton, Callaway county, Missouri, in 
which place he was educated, in Westminster College. In 1S64 he enlisted 
in Gen. Price's army, (then passing through this state), in Col. Perkins' 
regiment. He continued with the Confederate army until the close of the 
war, and surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. He then returned to Mon- 
roe county, and studied medicine, graduating at the St. Louis Medical 
College in 1869, and practiced one year in Kansas City. In 1870 he 
engaged in the drug business in Monroe county, and lived there for two 
years. In 1872 he moved to this county, and located in Marshall, where 
he and his brother purchased the drug store of Chastain & Sappington, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 789 

and established a prosperous trade under the firm name of Vawter 
Brothers. Dr. Vawter was married in 1869, to Miss L. H. Buck, of 
Audrain county Missouri. Mrs. Vawter died in 1872, leaving one child, 
William A. 

ROBERT J. McMAHAN, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Cooper 
county, Missouri, on the 23d of June, 1833, where he was raised on a farm, 
and educated in the schools of the county. In 1854, at the age of twenty - 
one, he went to California, where he was interested in the stock business, 
taking through a drove of cattle, and remained about two years. Came 
home b}' way of Panama, and engaged in farming for several years. In 
1861 he enlisted in the M. S. G., and was at the first battle of Boone- 
ville. In December, 1861, he started south with the body of recruits 
under Col. Robinson, and was captured with them on the Blackwater on 
the 19th of December, 1861, and taken to St. Louis, and then to Alton, 
Illinois, and on the 28th of February, 1862, was released on taking the 
oath, and returned home. For several years afterwards, he was engaged 
in freighting from Nebraska City to Montana. He then moved to Arrow 
Rock in this county, and was there engaged in merchandising from 1866 
to 1871, doing an extensive grain and commission business. On the death 
of Col. Wm. S. Jackson, in 1880, he was elected to fill out his unexpired 
term, from 1880 to 1882, as county clerk of Saline county. In 1859 he 
married Miss S. E. Wing, of Cooper county, Missouri, and has had seven 
children, five now living: Jennie K., Lena R., Stella B., Robert W., and 
Sophia A. 

GEORGE ALTHOUSE, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Howard 
county, Missouri, September 4, 1855, where his early Hfe was spent in 
school, and in clerking in stores in Glasgow. In 1876 he graduated at 
Jones' Commercial College, St. Louis. The same year he came to Mar- 
shall and engaged in the grocery business with Cris. Althouse, under the 
firm name of C. Althouse & Co. In conection with the grocery, they also 
carry on an extensive bakery. This firm is doing a heavy business, and 
are making money. In 1880 he was married to Miss Lizzie B. Denn}', 
daughter of Capt. Alex Denny, Roanoke, Howard county, Missouri. 

THOMAS BOATRIGHT, P. O., Marshall. Mr. Boatright was born 
in Howard county, Missouri, and was raised in Saline county, having 
moved there with his parents while quite young, and was educated at 
private schools. In 1861 he joined Capt. Ed Brown's company, M. S. 
G., as private, and served six months. Was ^t the first battle of Boone- 
ville, Wilson's Creek, and Lexington. In 1864 he enlisted again, this time 
in Capt. Page's company, in Marmaduke's escort, as second lieutenant, 
and was in the battles of the Blues, Lexington, Westport, and the many 
others that occurred during Price's retreat. He served on to the end of the 
war, and surrendered at Shreveport, in 1865. Returned to Saline, and 



790 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

farmed until 1871, then located in Marshall, and engaged in the insurance 
and real estate business. In 1878 he was elected city collector, and in 
1880 re-elected. Is also a notary public, and the firm is doing an exten- 
sive and growing real estate business. 

DR. R. H. WINSBOROUGH, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Rock- 
ingham county, Virginia, November 27, 1845, where he was raised, and 
educated. at a private academy. In 1861 he enlisted as second lieutenant 
in company E, 10th Virgmia infantry, C. S. A. He participated in the 
battle of Manassas. He was taken prisoner in December, 1862, was 
taken to Camp Chase, then Fort Delaware, and was exchanged at City 
Point, April, 1863. He then joined Col. McNeil's independent rangers, 
where he served to the close of the war, and participated in all the bat- 
tles in the valley of Virginia during the last campaign. In 1866 he went 
to the dental college at Baltimore, then to Pleasant Hill, Missouri, and 
practiced to the fall of 1868, and in 1869 graduated at the St. Louis Den- 
tal College, and practiced dentistry in St. Louis until 1873. He then 
located in Marshall, where he now does a large and paying business. 
On the 22d of November, 1877, he married Miss Georgia Durrett, of this 
county. Two children, Durrett Winsborough and the baby, unnamed. 

FRANK COLE, P. O., Marshall. Son of Halbert Cole, one of the 
early settlers of Cooper county, Missouri, coming to that county in 1810,. 
and his mother pre-empted the land where Booneville now stands. Frank 
was born on the 22d of February, 1833, where he was raised on a farm. 
In 1 853 he went to California, and remained there three years, mining, 
and returned in 1856. In 1857 he again went to California, taking a drove 
of cattle. In 1858 he returned to Cooper county, and followed farming 
until 1862, when he came to this county, still farming and dealing heavily 
in stock, of which latter he was probably the heaviest ^dealer in the county 
at that time. In 1872 he moved to Montana, and the next year returned 
to Saline county, and has since been engaged in shipping fine stock to 
Montana, and trading in land. He has improved more farms than any 
other man in the county. He was married in 1860 to Miss Mary F. 
Dysart, of Saline county. They are the parents of nine children, and 
only three living: Robert D., Frank P., William H. 

J. A. JUSTICE, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Warren county, Ken- 
tucky, October 1, 1830, where he was raised on a farm, and commenced 
life without a dollar. In 1853 he came to Missouri, In 1854 he went to 
Texas, and the next year to Arkansas. In 1861 he came to Chariton 
county, Missouri, and in 1863 to this county, where he bought a farm, and 
went to farming. In 1878 he moved to Marshall, and entered into the 
livery business, where he is now doing a large and growing business. In 
1857 he married Mrs. Herbert, formerly Miss Hobbs, of Carroll county, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 791 

Arkansas, formerly of Indiana. They have had five children, four of 
them now livino-; Belvery D., Francis S., Susan L. and William T. 

REV. JOHN T. D. MURPHY, pastor of St. Peter's Catholic Church, 
P. O., jNIarshall. Was born in the city of Toronto, Canada, in 1848. He 
first commenced the study of Latin under Rev. Father Hamill, and was 
afterwards sent to St. Mary's Seminary, Perry county, Missouri, where 
he spent several years in preparing himself for the priesthood. Whilst at 
St. Mary's Seminary he had the honor of studying rhetoric and elocution 
under the gifted and eloquent Father A.J. Ryan, the poet priest of the 
south. In 1863 he left St. Mary's and 'entered St. Francis Seminary, 
Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On September 30, 1869, he was ordained priest 
by Archbishop Kenrick, in St. John's Church, St. Louis, Missouri. After 
ordination. Father Murphy was sent to take pastoral charge of Potosi, 
Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob. In 1870 he was transferred to the Irish 
settlement, and became assistant pastor to the Rev. Father Hamill, the 
venerable patriarch priest of the diocese of Kansas City. The parish 
being divided by order of Archbishop Kenrick, in 1872, Father Murphy 
was appointed to take charge of the new congregation, and thus became 
the first resident pastor at Marshall. The Catholic Church at this place, 
built by the united patronage of Catholics and non-Catholics, is an orna- 
ment to the city, and a monument of the liberality of the many kind 
donors. 

I. JOHN HARDEMAN CORDELL, P. O. Marshall. Son of Rich- 
ard Lewis and Leona (Hardeman) Cordell, was born in Jefierson City, 
Missouri, July 19, 1842. In 1844 he moved with his parents to St. Louis 
county. Spent summer there, and winters in New Orleans, where he 
attended school until 1853, when he was sent to the Des Peres Institute, 
St. Louis county. In 1858 he entered Washington College, which he 
left in the spring of 1861. In May, 1861, he enlisted in M. S. G., and 
participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek and the battle of Lexington, 
after which he was discharged on surgeon's certificate. In 1862 he was 
employed by Mr. Ferd Kennett, of Selma, Jefferson county, as tutor for 
his children, and remained there until 1865. One of his pupils, F. B. 
Kennett, is now chief of Police in St. Louis, and another is now the wife 
of Hon. R. Graham Frost, member of congress from St. Louis. In 1864-5 
he read law for a short time, first under Doniphan & Field, then under 
Adams & Shackelford, but gave it up after the passage of the Drake 
constitution. Then farmed one year in Jefferson county, and then entered 
the banking house of Thomson & Dunnica, Glasgow, Missouri. In 
1868 he opened a banking house at Marshall in this county, under the 
firm of Dunnica, Cordell & Eakin, which was succeeded by Cordell & 
Montague, Mr. E. D. Montague entering, and Dunnica and Eakin 
retiring. On the 29th of April, 1868, he married Miss Alice Montague, 



792 HISTORY OF SALIINE COUNTY. 

daughter of Hon. R. V. Montague, of Alabama. In 1874 he sold out 
the banking business to the Saline County Bank, of which institution Mr. 
Cordell was elected cashier, and held the office until the bank went out 
of existence, March, 1879. He then immediately opened the banking 
house of Cordell & Dunnica, in Marshall, which is now doing a large, 
safe, and rapidly growing business. 

. J. G. L. HARVEY, P. O., Marshall. The subject of this sketch was 
born in this county November 28, 1843, where he was raised on the farm 
and educated at the Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, where he was 
when the war broke out, and left without graduating. In 1861, joined 
Captain Ed. Brown's company, M. S. G., and was in the battles of Dry 
Wood and Lexington. In December, 1801, he started south in Colonel 
Robinson's recruits, and was captured with them on Blackwater, Decem- 
ber 19, 1861, taken to St. Louis, then to Alton, Illinois. In March, 1862, 
released on taking the oath, and returned home. In 1864, re-enlisted in 
Marmaduke's escort company, in Price's last raid, and \^as in the battles 
of Little Blue, Independence, Big Blue and Little Osage, where Marma- 
duke was captured, and surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. After the 
war he came home and v>rent to farming. On the 10th of February, 1870, 
was married to Miss Virginia C. Harris, and has four children: Harry 
L., J. G. L., Jr., V. A. and K. E. In 1879, he moved to Marshall, where 
he has since been living, and is now engaged in the insurance, and also, 
with M. M. Marmaduke, in the agricultural implement business. 



MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 



PEYTON A. BROWN, farmer, P. O., FairviUe. Is a native of Cum- 
berland county, Virginia. When quite young he came with his father, 
Henry Brown, to this state and county, locating upon the farm where he 
resides at present. Mr. Henry Brown was a minister of the M. E. 
Church, South. During his youth he exhibited considerable talent in 
sketching, to such an extent that his parents allowed him to cultivate it, 
together with the art of painting, in one of the finest schools of art in 
Philadelphia, the result of which far exceeded their expectations, he hav- 
ing since produced some very excellent paintings, some of which may be 
seen at his son's residence, at that of T. R. E. Harvey, Robert Brown, 
A. T. Irvine and various others in the county. His family consisted of 
five children, four of whom are now living, the subject of our sketch 
being the second child. After the death of his father, which occurred in 
1854, in the forty-third year of his age, Peyton lived part of the time in 
Missouri and part of the time in \'irginia. With the exception of two 
3'ears, in which he engaged in merchandising, he followed the occupation 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 793 

of a farmer. In 185S, September 21, he was married to Miss Sallie M. 
Platcher, of St. Charles county, Missouri. They have had seven chil- 
dren, of whom six are living: Walter H., Edwin G., Chas. B., Susan, 
Eleanor and William C. In 1861, Mr. Brown enlisted in the Confederate 
service, under General J. E. B. Stuart, with whom he served until the 
close of the war. He participated in all the battles in which his com- 
mand was engaged, with the exception of Gettysburg. He held the rank 
of first lieutenant, in compan}' C, third Virginia cavalry, during 1861. 
Also acted as adjutant for some time. In 1868, Mr. B. came to Saline 
county and took possession of the property on which he now resides. His 
farm is one of the oldest and best improved in the county. Mr. B. acted 
as dispatch bearer for General R. E. Lee, at the time of the surrender. 

ISAAC C. WITHERS, P. O., Fairville. Is a native of JefTerson 
county, Kentuck}-, where he was raised and educated. His occupation 
has consisted principally of stock-trading and farming, although some 
years ago he was engaged, for a short time, in general merchandising, 
near Louisville, Kentucky. In 1847 he was married to Miss Artridge 
Fields, of Hardin county, Kentucky, who died in the winter of 1853, leav- 
ing two children, both of whom have since died. In 1851 Mr. Withers 
went to Knox county, Missouri, where he engaged in stock-trading and 
farming. He was married here, for the second time, to Miss Annie Haw- 
kins, a native of that county, by whom he had six children, three boys 
and three girls, all living. In the fall of 1866 Mr. Withers came to this 
county, locating upon a farm, and by industry and good management has 
succeeded in making for himself and family a pleasant and comfortable 
home. 

THOMAS W. PRICE, deceased. Was a native of Cumberland 
county, Virginia, where he was raised, and received his elementary educa- 
tion. At an early age he entered Sydney College, located at Prince 
Edward, Prince Edward county, Virginia, from which he graduated with 
honor. Mr. Price came to this state and county in 1871, and two years 
after was united in marriage to Miss Polly P. Gauldin, by whom he had 
four children: Thomas, Sterling, Alexander, and Morton. He was a 
relative of Gen. Sterling Price. In November, 1880, he w^as elected to 
the office of county surveyor, which position he held up to the time of his 
death, which occurred April 14, 1881, at the age of thirty-two. Mr. 
Price was a man of sterling worth, "highly respected by the community in 
which he resided, and for whose bereaved family it entertains the pro- 
foundest sympath}'. 

ROBERT J. HENDRICK, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
Cumberland county, Virginia. When four 3'ears of age, he went with 
his mother, his father being dead, to Buckingham county, where he w'as 
raised and educated. In 1845, he came to this state and count}-, having 



794 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

buried his mother a short time previous. March 15, 1855, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Virginia A. Gauldin, daughter of Josiah Gauldin, of this 
county. They have had six children, five of whom are now Hving: Sarah 
v., wife of Joel H. Price; Early, Robert, Mattie and Zella M. In 1864, 
Mr. Hendrick enlisted in the Confederate service, Captain Stallard's com- 
pany, imder General Marmaduke. He was engaged in the battles of 
Tabo, Little Blue, Independence, Westport, Big Blue and Newtonia, in all 
of which engagements he bore himself in a manner becoming an honor- 
able soldier. He surrendered at Shreveport, June, 1865, and returned to 
Saline county, where he has since lived, engaged in the cultivation of his 
fine farm. As an energetic business man, he has but few equals and 
occupies an enviable position in the esteem of his neighbors. 

JOHN W. GAULDIN, farmer, P. O., Fairville. The subject of this 
brief sketch is a native of this state and county, born and bred upon a 
farm. Was educated in the common schools. In 1859, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Anna E. Surbaugh, of this county, a native of Ohio. 
They have four children: Robert, Charles. Josie and Royal. He entered 
the Confederate service, joining a company raised by Captain Ed. Brown. 
After serving six months, he re-enlisted in Marmaduke's escort, Captain 
Richard Stallard's compan}', acting as orderly sergeant. He took part 
in the following engagements: Lexington, Little Blue, Independence, 
Westport and Newtonia. He was afterwards transferred to General 
Shelby's command, in Texas, where he was engaged in the skirmish at 
Wachita. He surrendered at Shreveport, in June, 1865, and returned to 
this county, where he has since resided, engaged in farming and the rais- 
ing of stock. Mr. Gauldin is a man of strict integrity and moral worth 
and is zealously interested in promoting the public afl^airs of the county. 

DANIEL T. and WM. R. POPE, P. O., Slater. The subjects of this 
sketch are natives' of this state and county, and are sons of Thos. Pope, 
deceased, who came to this county from Kentucky, in 1851 or 1852. He 
was married, in Kentucky, to Miss Ellen Logan, who died in 1879, leav- 
ing him with four children: William R., Daniel T., Ellen, and John. Mr. 
Thomas Pope died during the year 1880. Daniel T. and William R. 
were raised and educated in their native county, w^here they have since 
resided, engaged in the cultivation of a splendid farm, which they jointly 
own. Daniel T. was married, February 20, 1881, to Miss Mollie Hat- 
field of this county. The Pope brothers are well known in the county, 
and enjoy the confidence and esteem of their numerous acquaintances. 

ORLANDO J. RALPH, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
Adams county, Illinois. Was educated in the public schools and raised 
on a farm. In 1861 he enlisted in the 2d Illinois cavalry. Col. Silas Noble, 
company E. This regiment was engaged in nearly all of the principal 
battles of the west, during the Mississippi campaign, taking an active 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 795 

part in the siege of Vicksburg and the capture of Mobile. He served 
until the close of the war, a part of the time in the secret service, and 
was honorably discharged at San Antonio, Texas. Mr. R. then returned 
to Adams county, Illinois, where he resided on a farm until his removal to 
this state and county, which occurred in 1808. August 16, 1866, he was 
married to Miss Martha Leachman, daughter of William Leachman, who 
was widely known as a breeder of the Onus, Blackhawk and Morgan 
horses. They had four children, three of whom are now living: Burling- 
ton K., Neva A. and Edna L. Mr. Ralph is now located upon a fine 
farm in this county, where he is giving special attention to the breeding 
of fine stock of all kinds. He is owner of the short-horn bull, "Jack 
Lee," bred by W. E. Simms, of Paris, Kentucky, and got by the "4th 
Duke of Hillhurst," bred by George Murray. "Jack" is a straight 
" Rose of Sharon " bull. The community fully appreciates Mr. Ralph's 
laudable endeavors to improve its grade of stock. 

JOHN A. GAULDIN, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
Virginia. When quite young, his father, John S., came to this 
countv locating near Fairville, on the place where Mr. Wm. Souther now 
lives. He died here, in 1850. The subject of this sketch was raised on a 
farm and educated in the common schools. In 1861, he enlisted in the 
Confederate army, Capt. Bexton's company. Col. Frank Robinson's 
regiment. He was captured at Blackwater, December, 1861, imprisoned 
in " McDowell's college " and exchanged in the spring of the following 
year. He re-enlisted in the fall, under Gen. J. O. Shelby, Col. Shanks' 2nd 
Missouri cavalry, Capt. Mace. He served with this command during the 
remainder of the war, with the exception of one year, during which he 
was connected with Collins' battery. He participated in the battles of 
Prairie Grove, Camden, Helena, Tabo, Blues, Independence, Newtonia, 
and several others in which his command was engaged. He .surrendered 
at Sherveport at the close of the war, and returned home. He was mar- 
ried March 4, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth Pope, daughter of Thomas Pope, 
deceased. By this union he has one child: Dotson J. Mr. Gauldin has 
a good record as a soldier, is a successful farmer, and a citizen whose life 
is well worthy of imitation. 

THOS. J. GRAYSON, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in Madi- 
son county, Virginia, January 13, 1837. He served an apprenticeship at 
the tanner's trade at Wolfstown, in same county. In 1861, he enlisted in 
the 5th Virginia infantry, company I. His regiment belonged to the old 
"Stonewall brigade." Was engaged in the iollowing battles: Bull Run, 
Kearnstown, Post Republic, seven days fight around Richmond, Slaugh- 
ter Mountain, second Manassas, and Chancellorsville. At the second battle 
of Bull Run he was quite severely wounded by a minnie ball passing 
through his right breast and lodging in his shoulder-blade. At Chancel- 



796 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

lorsville he had a finorer shot off. At the battle of the Wilderness, he was 
captured, but succeeded in making his escape. In a skirmish on the Rap- 
pahannock, he was again badly wounded in the thio-h, which so disabled 
him that he went home and did not again enter the army. In 1S68 he 
came to this county, locating at Miami. In same year he purchased a fine 
farm in the " Plains," where he is residing at the present time. Mr. Grey- 
son was married to Miss Sarah Blackburn, a native of Ohio, on the 21st 
ofjanuar}-, IST-i. They have three children by this union: Minnie T., 
Charley and Lewis E. 

RICHARD CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Born in Marion 
count}', Kentucky-, in the year 1S45. When six years of age, his parents 
moved to Hancock county, Illinois, where they lived until 1872. Mr. 
Campbell spent his early life on a farm and was educated in the common 
schools of that place. He was married in Quincy, Illinois, to Miss Hattie 
Hoftman, of said city. They have (ivQ children : Bertha S., Jessie, Walter, 
Pearl A., and John T. In 1872 he came to this county and farmed for one 
year, at the close of which period, he started on a tour through Kansas, 
Nebraska and southern Missouri, returning in 1875, and settling perma- 
nently at his present residence. He is an excellent farmer, keeping pace 
with the times, and contributing largely to the development of the 
resources of the county. 

SAMUEL SAILORS, farmer, P. O., Norton. Was born in Monroe 
county, Ohio, in 1824. At the age of eight years his parents moved to 
Elkhart county, Indiana, where the family resided for twenty years. He 
lived on a farm the greater part of the time, and was educated in the pub- 
lic schools. In 1852 he went to Chickasaw county, Iowa, where he 
remained four years, engaged in farming. In ISil: he was married to 
Elizabeth Morris, of Elkhart county, Indiana, who died in 1869, leaving a 
family of four children to mourn her loss with him. They are named 
respectively: Lavina, wife of John Brown, living in Iowa; Julia A., wife of 
J.Smith, living in Chicago; Martha E., wife of Wm. Sytz, living in New- 
ton, Iowa, and Sarah J. In 1856 Mr. Sailors left^Chickasaw county, and 
traveled through Illinois, Iowa and Missouri, locating for a short time at 
divers places, until the year 1878, when he finally settled in Saline county, 
where he has since resided. March 16, 1879, he was married to Mrs. 
Susan Duckworth, (widow of Pleasant Duckworth,) a native of Hancock 
county, Illinois. She was first married to Stephen Moody, by whom she 
had one child, x\dolphus. B}- her second husband, (Duckworth,) she had 
two: Mar}- E. and John A. Mr. Sailors is a man of strict integrity and 
close attention to business and an honor to the community in which he 
resides. 

WILLIAM GRIFFITTS, farmer, P. O., Norton. Is a native of 
Hancock county, Illinois; born in the year 1833. Has a common school 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 797 

education. His boyhood was spent on a farm. Was married in 1854 to 
Miss Martha J. Stanley, a native of Tennessee. The}' have eight chil- 
dren by this union: Ambrose G., Nancy J., wife of Chas. C. Miller, 
Susan v., Georgiana, Caroline, Artemesia, Mary A., and John T. In 
1869 Mr. GrifRtts came to this state and county, where he has since 
resided, occupied in the cultivation of a productive and well-appointed 
farm. He is a man of high moral worth, respected by all who enjoy his 
acquaintance. 

CHARLES C. MILLER, farmer, P. O., Norton. First saw the 
light of day in Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1857, where he spent 
the first six years of his life. His parents then moved to Preble county, 
Ohio, where he was raised and educated, passing his youthful days upon 
a farm In 1868 they moved to this State and county, locating near 
Slater, at which place the subject of this sketch attended school during 
the winter and worked on a farm in the summer. He was united in mar- 
riage, July 4, 1879, to Nancy J. Gritfitts, daughter of Wm. GrifRtts, of 
this county. They have one child: Lucy Belle. Mr. Miller is located 
upon a farm, purchased from Mr. J. H. Irvine, which by his industry and 
enterprise, he has brought to a high degree of perfection. 

MITCHELL B. LUCAS, farmer, P. O., New Frankfort. The sub- 
ject of this short sketch was born in this state and county, in 1854 or 1855. 
Was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. Is engaged 
in the cultivation of a fine farm, which by industry and good manage- 
ment he has made to rival the garden of Eden. Mr. Lucas stands high 
in the estimation of his fellow-citizens as a strictly conscientious and hon- 
orable business man. 

WILLIAM THOMAS DUGGINS, P. O., Slater. Of English 
descent; is the son of Thomas C. and Elizabeth W. Duggins, and was 
born May 28, 1838, in Saline county. His great-grandfather married an 
Irish lady in the city of Dublin, and when he died his widow, with her 
only child, William, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, crossed the 
Atlantic, and settled in Fredericksburg, Virginia. She afterward married 
Robert Wilkinson, by whom she had three children, and then died in 
Fredericksburg. William Duggins (the grandfather) served through the 
revolutionary war, and after the war married Miss Elizabeth Perkins, 
daughter of William Perkins, of the well-known South Carolina family 
of that name. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, and a devout 
christian. On the maternal side the great-grandfather of Mr. Duggins, 
Daniel White, was also a revolutionary soldier, and was present at the 
surrender of Lord Cornwallis. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Jack- 
son, was a cousin of General Andrew Jackson. Mr. Duggins received 
a good education, and from 1858 to 1860 was engaged as salesman in a 
store in Cam.bridge, in this county. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in. 



798 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Capt. Ed. Brown's company, M. S. G., then in the Confederate army, 
'vvhere he continued until the close of the war, 186.5. In March, 1866, he 
married Miss Annie PuUiam, daughter of John C. and Catherine J. Pul- 
liam, of this county. Her father w^as born in Tennessee, and her grand- 
father in Raleigh, North Carolina, August, 1771, and died August 9, 
1849, in Saline county. Her grandfather. Col. Ben. Chambers, was an 
officer in the revolutionary army. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, their 
home, was named for Gen. James Chambers, whose sword is now in the 
Pulliam family. Of this marriage there are four children: Kate W., 
Dora D., Mary C, and Clarence M. Mrs. Duggins died February 9, 
1875, and he is still unmarried. Since the war he assisted his father in 
the management of his farm, on which he now lives since his father's 
death, his mother living with him. The homestead contains 1,200 acres 
of magnificent land. 

WILLIAM W. GRAVES, P. O., Slater. A farmer, near Slater, in 
this county. Was born in Boone county, Kentucky, May 18, 1810, where 
he was raised on a farm, and received a good English education. After 
he was grown he taught school for a short time, and in 1835 moved to 
Adams count v, Illinois, where he remained about a year, and in 1836 
moved to Hancock county, Illinois, and engaged in merchandising for 
about seven years. In 1843 he came to this county, and settled on a farm east 
of where Slater now stands. For about ten years he here devoted his 
attention to farming, and then, in 1854, he returned to Hancock county, 
Illinois, where he farmed until 1879, and then returned to Saline. He 
was opposed to secession _^(:r se, but in the stirring times of 1861 his sym- 
pathies went with his native land, the south. He was a whig, but says 
he " abandoned the party when it went with the abolitionists." In the old 
times, in Kentuchy, he was orderly-sergeant and quartermaster in the 
state militia. In 1836 he was married to Miss Ann G. Garnett, in Cul- 
pepper county, Virginia, who died in September, 1847. To this union 
were born four children, all now dead. The Graves family were originally 
from Wales, and settled in Madison county, Virginia. John, the grand- 
father of the subject of this sketch, moved to Kentucky, where Reuben, 
the father, was born, and lived, and had twelve children. He has been a 
member of the Baptist Church since his fourteenth year, and one of its 
officers for many years, and is an organizing member of two churches. 
He has a fine farm of 160 acres. 

JOHN L. BLACK, P. O., Slater. Was born June 9, 1820, in Augusta 
county, Virginia, where he was raised on a farm, and was educated in the 
country schools, until 1837, when his father moved to Wayne count}-, 
Missouri. In 1850 he moved to Knox county, stopping in Lewis counts- 
one year. He remained in Knox county until 1865, when he moved to 
Saline county, and located permanentlv, and has since been steadily 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 799 

encjaged in farming and stock-feeding. He was a southern sj-mpathizer 
in tiie war, though opposed to secession. Did not enter either army. In 
1S45 he was married to Miss Nancy J. Porter, daughter of David Porter, 
one of the members of the constitutional convention. To this union were 
born six sons and five daughters, living, and one son dead. Mr. Black 
has been the architect and builder of his own fortune. The war was a 
great drawback to him financially. When he came to Saline his affairs 
were greatly disordered, but by steady industry and economy he has again 
accumulated a tine estate. Has a splendid farm of 670 acres, well stocked 
and well improved. Is one of the stockholders in the Miami bank, and 
has just retired from the directorship. 

OSCAR K. GRAVES, P. O., Slater. Was born in Boone county, 
Kentucky, April 10, 1S33. Was raised on a farm and educated in the 
county. He came to Saline county, Missouri, in 1855, and has considered 
it his home ever since. He has all the time been engaged in farming. In 
November, 1854, he was married to Miss Caroline Garnett. They have 
had five children, three living: Joseph, Birdie V. and Emma B., and two 
dead. He is a member of and deacon in the Baptist Church, also a mem- 
ber of the A. O. U. W. In the spring of 1861 he joined the M. S. G. 
and was out until he was disabled for service in 1863. In the state guard, 
he was in Capt. Sutherlin's company. In February, 1862, he re-enlisted 
in company E, Gordon's regiment, Shelby's brigade, At the battle of 
Hartsville, he was wounded in the right knee, and captured. As his 
wound disabled him for service, he took the oath of loyalty, was released, 
and returned home. He entered the service an orderly and left it a lieu- 
tenant. On returning home, in 1863, he went to Kentucky and remained 
there three years, until the war w^as over. Has a fine farm of 220 acres 
well improved. 

REV. PETER GOODMAN REA, P. O., Marshall. A minister of 
the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, was born in Henry count}-, Vir- 
ginia, May 9, 1819, and is the ninth son of Joseph and Mary Ann Rea. 
His mother died when he w^as quite young, and his father moved the 
family to Cooper county, Missouri, in the spring of 1832, and died in 
Booneville, in 1835. Mr. Rea's first religious impressions were received 
from reading a tract of the American Tract Society; but from a boy was 
remarkable for his steady, moral habits. In October, 1836, he united 
with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in Booneville. In October, 
1837, he was accepted as a candidate for the ministry, under the care of 
the New Lebanon Presbytery. He entered the Cumberland Presbyterian 
College, in Kentucky, with the intention of graduating, but his health failed 
him, and he left college in the fall of 1840. In the spring of 1841 he was 
ordained, and traveled as a missionar}- until 1843. During this period he 
organized five new churches in destitute districts. On the 31st of Octo- 



800 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

ber, 1843, he was married to Miss Mary Evangeline Rubey, daughter of 
Judge H. McLean Rubey, and granddaughter of Rev. Finis Ewing. He 
then settled, as pastor over three churches, in Saline county, and during 
his residence here, for two years labored extensively in the state, as agent 
for the Board of Missions of the C. P. Church. In 1859 he was unani- 
mously appointed by the Missouri Synod, to take charge of the church at 
Booneville, and was a member of the Synod committee to establish a 
female college at the same place. On May 15, 1862, he had the honor of 
being elected moderator of the general assembly of the C. P. Church, 
held at Owensboro, Kentucky. He never sought prominence as a popu- 
lar preacher; his highest aim being to do good. In 1863 he was elected 
president of the Missouri Female College, Booneville, Missouri, where he 
continued seven years. In the fall' of 1870 he returned to his farm in 
Saline county, and for several years he labored as an evangelist. In 1874 
he accepted the charge of Mt. Horeb Church, which position he at pres- 
ent holds. He was stated clerk of the Missouri Synod for twenty-five 
years. Mr. Rea has five children: Ann W., Carrie F., Joseph H., Mary 
H., and Robert Ewing. 

JOSHUA G. TUCKER, deceased. Was born in Dinwiddle 
county, Virginia, April IS, 1815, where he was brought up on a farm and 
educated, and where he was married, December 1-4, 1836, to Miss Hen- 
rietta Harper, of Nodaway county, Missouri, and has had five children: 
L. H., Mary E. (Mrs. Guthrie, now dead), Virginia A. (Mrs. Tuker), 
Martha E., and Harvey S. In 1837 Mr. Tucker came to Missouri, and 
settled in Cooper county. The flood of 184:1: washed away his crops and 
dwelling. In 1845 he came to this county, settling on the land now 
owned by his sons, L. H. and H. S. Tucker. Both he and his wife died 
in this county — he January 22, 1879, and she March 18, 1875. His son, 
H. S. Tucker, was born in this county, on the Harvey farm, April 
19, 1848, where he was raised on a farm and educated. On the 7th of 
October, 1875 he was married to Miss Lizzie S. Shaw, of this county, 
and has two children : Bettie M. and Luther L. He resides on the old 
homestead left by his father, and carries on farming in all its branches. 

COL. GEORGE W. JACKSON, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
Parker county, Virginia, in 1831. Most of his early life was spent in 
central Indiana. In 1849 he went to California with the tide of gold emi- 
gration, and suffered the deprivations and dangers incident to a frontier 
life, his avocations being varied, and not possible, in this brief sketch, to 
particularize. He was at one time quite prominent as a mine prospector 
in California, and rendered some service to the government. In the win- 
ter of 1859 he returned to Indiana. In 1861 he enlisted in the 34th Indiana 
infantry, and served as captain of compan}' C until after the siege of 
Vicksburg; acted as topographical engineer of the 10th division, 13th 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 801 

army corps, during the advance to and siege of Vicksburg. Was then 
commissioned colonel of the 9th Indiana cavalry, and served in that 
capacity until compelled to resign, January, 18G5, on account of wounds 
received at Franklin, Tennessee. Was at the battles of Shiloh, Baker's 
Creek, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg, Nashville, and 
Franklin, and many small engagements not specilied as battles. Being 
an invalid. Col. Jackson has not been permanently located, or confined to 
any specific avocation. February, 1881, he located in this count}^ on a 
farm near Fairville. He was married in St. Charles, Missouri, to Miss 
Bettie Hatcher, and has two children: Gay and Nettie. 

JAMES A. DOBBINS, P. O., Miami. The subject of the following 
sketch was born in Eddyville, old Caldwell county, Kentucky, February 11, 
1831, and was educated there. Clerked for his step-father, Mr. Brasswell, 
a merchant in Eddyville, for several years. At the age of seventeen, he 
came to St. Louis, and worked in the foundry of Gratz & McCune, and 
the Fulton foundry of G. B. Allen & Co., having become a machinist and 
engineer. In 1856 he came to this county. Was pilot on the Bennswick 
steam ferry one season, when the boat sunk; also served as pilot on 
Mountain boats, going to the Yellowstone on the first boat that ever went 
that far up the Missouri river. Five years ago he began the saw mill 
business near his present residence, with H. W. Sullivan, a partner for the 
last two years. In October, 1846, he was married, in St. Louis, to Miss 
Ellen Latour, of said city. They have seven children : Mary (Mrs. His- 
sell), Charles A., Sophia E. (Mrs. Hawkins), Ida J., Louisa B., David L. 
and Craig V. Mr. Dobbins is now engaged in farming, and in operating 
his saw mill. 

BENJAMIN COOPER, P. O., Miami. Was born in this county, 
near Miami, July 29, 1836, where he was raised and educated. In 1862, 
he enlisted in company L, Seventh cavalry, Missouri Volunteers, U. S. A. 
Was in the battles of Little Rock and Mark's Mills, when he was taken 
prisoner and exchanged December, 1864 at Galveston, Texas. Was 
mustered out when his regiment was consolidated with First Missouri 
Volunteer cavalry, and came home, and has been engaged in farming 
since, except three months spent in California. He handles stock exten- 
sively; cattle, horses and sheep. Has a splendid thoroughbred bull, 
known as " Noble Duke," and several thoroughbred cows and a lot of 
thoroughbred sheep. 

THOMAS JOHNSTON, P. O., Miami. Was born in county Tyrone, 
Ireland, May 9, 1810, where he was raised and educated. His father 
owned a linen bleaching establishment, in which Thomas was employed 
as millwright until he left Ireland. He was married in Ireland in 1835, to 
Miss Eliza J. Anderson, of county Tyrone. They have seven children 
51 



802 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

living: Ann (Mrs. McCormick), James A., Emma (Mrs Hill), Maud 
(Mrs. Renick), William C, Martha W. and Robert C. In 1838 Mr. 
Johnston came to the United States, and moved direct from New York to 
Ross county, Ohio, where he lived nine 3-ears, occupied in carriage mak- 
ing. He moved to Pickaway county, Ohio, and farmed until 1871, and 
then came to Saline county and located on the Petite Saw plains. About 
1876 his sons, James A. and William C, purchased the farm on which 
they and their father are now living. Besides carrying on farming they 
now deal largely in stock. 

JOHN MILLSAPS, P. O., Miami. Was born in Miami township, in 
this county, in 1833. Was raised on a farm and educated in the county. 
For seventeen years he made the handling of stock — cattle, mules and 
hogs — a specialty. In 1850 he went to California, where, on a ranche, he 
engaged in the stock business, and remained there two years. In 1853 
he returned to this county and engaged in farming until 1861, when he 
enlisted in Capt. Crews' company, Missouri state guards, and served six 
months. In December, 1861, he started south with Col. Robinson's 
recruits, and was captured, with the whole outfit of 600 men, on Black- 
water, December 19, 1861. Was taken to St. Louis and then to Alton, 
Illinois, and from there was sent to Vicksburg and exchanged in the fall 
of 1862. He then enlisted and was under John B. Clark, Jr. Was in the 
battles of Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Mansfield, Jenkins' Ferry, 
where he was slightly wounded below the knee by a spent ball, and Cam- 
den. His rank was second lieutenant, company G, 9th Missouri cavalry, 
in which company he surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. He then 
returned to Saline, where he was married February 22, 1871, to Mrs. 
Sallie M. Rhodes, nee Rogers, of this county. Mr. Millsaps is at present 
and has been since his residence in the county, engaged in general farming 
business. 

SAMUEL B. WINNING, P. O., Miami. Was born in Berkeley 
county, Virginia, September 27, 1829. He came with his father, Edward 
Winning, also a native of Berkeley county, Virginia, to this county, when 
he was about twelve years of age, and located six miles north of where 
Slater now stands. He was raised and educated, principally, in this county. 
On the 26th of January, 1854, he was married to Miss Mary A. Rogers, 
daughter of Thomas Rogers, one of the old settlers of Saline, and they 
have four children : Louisa A., John L., William E. and Maud E. In 
1864 he enlisted in the Confederate army, during Price's last raid through 
the state, in Marmaduke's escort company. He was present at nearly all 
the fights of the retreat, but as he was one of the unarmed, he could take 
no active part. At the crossing of the Little Osage, near Ft. Scott, he 
was captured with General Marmaduke. He was taken to St. Louis, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 803 

then to x\lton, Illinois, and after the surrender, was released and came 
home, and at once resumed his farming business. 

GEORGE A. RENICK, P. O., Miami. Was born near Malta Bend, 
in this county, in 1853. In 1860, went with his father to Pickaway county, 
Ohio, where he was principally educated. In 1868 he returned to Saline, 
and worked several years on his father's farm, and then, in 1874, attended 
the state normal school, at Kirksville, Missouri. In April, 1877, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Maud E. Johnson, of Saline county, and they have two chil- 
dren: James W. and Alonzo A. Mr. Renick is a good farmer, and in 
addition to farming proper, handles stock to a considerable extent. 
i/THOMAS H. HARVEY, deceased, was born in Northumberland 
county, Virginia, February 20, 1799. Was educated in his native County, 
and was raised on a farm. Was married August 19, 1817, to Miss Sallie 
C. Harding, of the same county, who died shortly after their marriage. 
January 13, 1820, he was married the second time, to Miss Elizabeth S. 
Edwards, who passed away January 25, 1853, after experiencing the trials 
and pleasures incident to thirty-three years of married life. Only three 
of the children born to him by his second wife, are living: T. R.E., Theo- 
dore and Jacquilin. While in Virginia Mr. Harvey held the rank of 
major in the state mihtia. In 1836, he came to this state and countv, 
locating where his son, T. R. E., now resides. He followed the occupa- 
tion of farming until his death, which occurred February 6, 1852, about 
one year previous to that of his wife. They lie, side by side, in the Car- 
mel cemetery. In 1838, Mr. Harvey represented this county in the legis- 
lature, occupying a seat in the house. In 1840 he was elected to the 
senate. In the capacity of legislator, Mr. Harvey's actions were char- 
acterized by that sound judgment which does honor to the man as well as 
the section which he represents. In 1872 his son, T. R. E., was elected a 
member of the house, indicating that the mantle of the father has fallen 
upon the son. 

JOHN H. CLARKE, P. O., Fairville. Is a native of Rockingham 
county, Virginia; born in the year 1854. Was raised and educated there. 
At the age of eleven he entered the store of Phelix Streets, brother-in- 
law, as clerk, continuing with him for five years. When sixteen years of 
age he clerked for J. J. Cupp, another brother-in-law, doing business in 
Augusta county, where he remained for three years. May 5, 1854, he 
came to this state and county, locating in Miami, acting as clerk one vear 
for the firm of Brown Bros. & Co. In 1855 he went to Carrollton, there 
entering into partnership with Wm. S. Brown, engaging in general mer- 
chandising. At the expiration of two years he returned to Miami, and 
became one of the firm of Brown, Buxton & Co., who were doing a 
heavy warehouse and commission business, owning three large ware- 
houses. In 1856 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah C. Lane, 



804 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

daughter of Carr W. Lane. Mrs. Clarke died in 1857, leaving one child, 
a daughter, an infant two weeks old, named Sallie C. In 1859, having 
dissolved partnership with the above mentioned firm, Mr. C. went to 
Pike's Peak, Colorado, prospecting, whence he returned to Carroll 
county, where he engaged in farming until the capture of Lexington by 
Price, in 1861. He then enlisted in the Confederate service, M. S. G., 
company C, Capt. Louis Bohannon. Was engaged in the following bat- 
tles: Pea Ridge, Corinth, Farmington, luka, in numerous engagements 
with gunboats, Bruensburg, Baker's Creek, and the seige of Vicksburg. 
After the fall of the latter place he was exchanged. He then entered the 
Eighteenth Virginia cavalry, with which command he was engaged in 
several skirmishes, in one of which he was wounded in the right ankle. 
Being unfitted for further service, he returned home, and engaged in 
teaching. In 1866 he came to this state and county, locating at Fairville, 
where he built and occupied the first store in the place. He was mar- 
ried in 1870 to Miss Narcissa J. Webb, daughter of Wm. P. Webb, 
of Miami. They have five children: Flora T., Isabella J., John H., 
Marietta V., and Edith. Mr. Clarke is now engaged in the grocery 
business. 

GEORGE H. STITH, P. O., Fairville. Was born in Hardin county, 
Kentucky, 1854, where he was reared and educated, his early life being 
spent on a farm. He enlisted in the first company raised by Gen. Forrest, 
with which he remained until the fall of Fort Donelson, in 1862. He then 
joined the first Kentucky cavalry, Col. Hardin's regiment. After serving 
in this two months, he was transferred to the second Kentucky cavalry, 
Basil Duke's regiment, under Morgan. He participated in all of the bat- 
tles in which the command was engaged. During the famous raid in Ohio, 
in 1863, he was captured and lodged in prison at Camps Chase and 
Douglass. Was held until February, 1865, when he was paroled and sent 
to Richmond, where he was furloughed. Returning home, he surren- 
dered at Lexington, Kentuck3\ In 1866 Mr. Smith came to this state and 
c(junty. Was married the following year to Elizabeth Gauldin, daughter 
of Josiah Gauldin. They have two children: Howard B. and Sarah A. 
Six months since he purchased the drug store which he now occupies, of 
Dr. T. A. Edwards. He expects to abandon the drug business, shortly, 
and engage in farming. 

JOSEPH D. EDWARDS, postmaster, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
Northumberland county, Virginia, 1830. At the age of six years, he 
came to Saline county, Missouri, with his uncle, Maj. T. H. Harvey, hav- 
ing lost his parents while very young. He lived with his uncle until 
seventeen years of age, when he went to St. Louis, and engaged, as 
clerk, with A. M. & S. J. Lackey, dry goods, also with the hardware 
firm of Morris & Blackburn. After an absence of two years, he returned 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 805 

to this county, engaged in clerking for a while, finall}- entering into part- 
nership with Saufley & Brown. In 1854 he sold out his interest, and 
engaged in farming. He was married, in 1850, to Miss Elizabeth Baker, 
daughter of James Baker, of Kentuck}-. Mrs. Edwards died in 18.52, 
leaving one child: Marcellus J. Mr. Edwards was again married, in 
1854, to Mrs. Amanda M. Harl, nee Evans, by whom he had eight chil- 
dren, seven of whom are now living: Chas. J., Thomas A., Clara, 
Lizzie, Sarah L., Arthur H., and Mary P. In 1864 he enlisted in the 
Confederate service, Capt. Edmond's command, under Gen. Mitchell. 
Going to Louisiana, he was detailed to do duty in the adj. general's 
office, where he remained only a few months, being discharged on account 
of sickness. He surrendered on a gunboat, on Red river, in 1865, when 
he returned to this county. Is now engaged in farming and general mer- 
chandising, besides holding the office of postmaster. 

EDWIN M. HAYNIE, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Is a native of this 
state and county, born September 24, 1838; was educated in the common 
schools, and raised on a farm. He is the son of Edward Haynie, a native 
of Virginia, who came to this county in 1836, settling near Miami. May 
13, 1861, Mr. E. M. Haynie enlisted in the Confederate service, Capt. 
John S. Marmaduke's company. (Capt. Marmaduke was afterward pro- 
moted to general.) While with this company, Mr. Haynie participated 
in the battle of Booneville, after which he was transferred to Capt. Ed. 
Brown's company, with which he was engaged in the battle of Lexing- 
ington. After the death of Capt. Brown he enlisted in Capt. James M. 
Garrett's company, and was captured at Blackwater, taken to Alton, 
where he took the oath, and returned home. In 1862 he re-enlisted in 
the Confederate service for three \ears. Was engaged in the battles of 
Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Springfield, where he was slightly wounded, 
Hartsville, Cape Girardeau, where he was shot through the thisfh with a 
four-ounce grape shot, and taken prisoner. He languished in prison till 
February 13, 1865, when he was paroled and sent to Richmond. In the 
same year he returned home, resuming his occupation of farming. He 
was united in marriage to Miss Sarah L. E. Graj'son, by whom he had 
six children: Edwin H., John R., Robert L., Elmer J., Sarah E., and 
Price G. 

SAMUEL BRUNER, farmer, P. O., Fairville. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Hamsphire county, Virginia, in the year 1808. Was 
educated partly in Virginia, and partly in Ohio, serving an apprenticeship 
at the carpenter trade in the latter state, having moved there in 1825. 
In 1832, he went to Indiana, locating near Marion, where he followed his 
trade for five years. He next spent ten years in Wabash county, same 
state. Here he married Miss Catherine Briggs, of Grant county, in 1838. 
They have six children living: Eliza A., wife of Whitsel Lewis; John S., 



806 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Lennie, wife of Robert Strain, of Kansas; Jasper N., Orange L., and 
Elmer E. In 1867 he came to this state and county, locating upon a fine 
farm, near Fairville, where he has since lived, being assisted in his business 
operations by his two younger sons. He is a genial and open-hearted old 
gentleman, highl}' esteemed by the community in which he resides. 

JOHN B. BROWN, P. o', Fairville Was born in Bath county. West 
Virginia, in 1823. He is the son of Col. John Brown, a veteran ot" 1812. 
In the fall of 1837, Mr. B. came to Saline count}-, in company with his 
father, locating near Fairville. In 1846 he volunteered in the Mexican 
war, serving in^Captain John Reed's company, under Col. Doniphan. He 
was in the engagements at Bracito, Sacramento and Chihuahua, where he 
conducted himself as became a brave and honorable soldier. At the 
opening of the civil war, he enlisted for one year in the Confederate ser- 
vice, Capt. Ed. J. Brown's compan3\ Was taken prisoner at Blackwater, 
and held at Alton until the spring of 1862, when he took the oath and 
was released. In the same year he went to California, where he remained 
for five years, returning to this county in 1867. He was married March 
22, 1875, to Miss Mar}^ A. Manley, of Virginia, by whom he had four 
children, two of whom are now living: Edwin I. and John W. Mr. 
Brown is a confectioner by trade, and has a confectionery in connection 
with his grocery. 

JOHN H. BOYER, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in Frankfort, 
Kentucky, 1842, where he was educated and trained to agricultural pur- 
suits. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in the command of Gen. Humphrey 
Marshall. Was engaged in the battles of Middle Creek, Piketon, and 
Princeton. His term of service having expired in 1862, he was discharged. 
Returning to his home in Bourbon count3^,he was there captured, together 
with several others, by Provost Marshal Evans. In September, 1867, he 
was united in marriage to Anna D. Webster, a native of the same county, 
who died in 1869, leaving him, with two small children, named respect- 
ively: Allie C. and Wm. Z., to mourn the loss of wife and mother. In 
1871, Mr. Boyer came to this state and county, locating at Miami, after- 
ward settling upon the fine farm upon which he now resides. He was 
married for the second time to Miss Sally Bagly, who has borne him four 
children, three of whom are living: Fannie B., Irene, and John H. Mr. 
B. is a successful farmer and a man respected by all who know him. 

JOSEPH PITTMAN, farmer. Joseph Pittman was born in Prussia, 
August 1, 1838, where he was educated. In 1857 he immigrated to 
America, and settled in Saline county, upon the farm upon which he now 
resides. During the great sectional war he was engaged upon both sides, 
and honorably acquitted himself, to the satisfaction of both sides. In the 
fall of 1873 he was married to Miss Battle Shoer, originally from Baden, 
Germany. They have three children: Mary A., Battle, and Julia. Mr. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 807 

Pittman has been steadily engagjed in farming and stock-raising, and has 
grown up with the county. 

GUSTAVUS KUNZE, farmer. Was born in Prussia, Germany, in 
the year 1846. When but eight years old he immigrated to America with 
his father, and located in St. Clair county, Illinois, where his father soon 
after died, and where Gustavus lived for more than twenty years. He 
was educated partly in Germany and partly in Illinois. While living in 
Illinois he married Miss Elizabeth Frudh, of St. Clair county, Illinois, by 
whom he has four children: Alma, Manda, August, and Herman. In 
1875 he moved with his family to Saline county, where he has since been 
engaged in farming. 

T. J. EDWARDS, farmer. Mr. Thomas J. Edwards was born in 
Northumberland county, Virginia, in what is known as the northern neck, 
near the mouth of the Potomac river, in 1823. He was partly educated in 
his native state, but chiefly in Missouri, to which state he came, an orphan 
boy, with his uncle. Major Thomas H. Harvey, in 1836, and located in 
Saline county. In 1846 he served in the Mexican war, in Col. A. W. 
Doniphan's regiment, and was in the famous expedition to Chihuahua, 
and participated in the battles of the Bracito and Sacramento. In 1861 he 
enlisted for the Confederate army in Capt. George Kirtley's company, in 
Robinson's regiment, that was captured soon after it started, at the Black- 
water crossing. He took the oath at Alton, Illinois, and made no further 
eflbrt to join the Confederate army. Since the war he has been steadily 
engaged in farming and feeding stock. 

CUTHBERT H. HICKMAN, P. O., Slater. Mr. Hickman was 
born February 3, 1815, in Clark county, Kentuck}-, and was the son of 
Richard and Susan Hickman. Mr. Hickman came to Missouri in 1841, 
and settled in Saline county, where he remained until his death, which 
occurred August 11, 1880. He had before his death accumulated a large 
amount of valuable land. Mr. Hickman was married March 6, 1838, to 
Miss Elizabeth Grimes, of Fayette county, Kentucky. They have eight 
children: Mrs. Susan M. Garrett, Mrs. Mary E. White, Richard W., 
James L., Cuthbert H., Mrs. Martha S. Orear, Leslie C, and Leona D. 
Mrs. Hickman still resides on the old homestead, and the farm is carried 
on bv Leslie, the youngest son, who is a young man of promise. 

JEROME H. CAxMERON, P. O., Norton. The subject of this 
sketch is a son of T. A. H. and Nancy Cameron, and was born August 7, 
1845, in Saline county, Missouri. His early life was spent on the farm 
and at school. He was educated at Mt. Sterling, Illinois. He is engaged 
in farming and stock-raising, and lives in section 8, township 51, range 20, 
and owns 170 acres of choice farming and timber land. Mr. Cameron 
was united in marriage January 11, 1872, to Miss Mary Reynolds, of 
Saline county. They have three children: William A. S., Lulu C, and 



808 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

I. E. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Cam- 
eron's father was from east Tennessee, and came to Saline county in 1840. 
His grandfather, Daniel Thornton, came here in a very early day, and 
broke the first prairie land in the county. 

JOHN P. BROWN, P. O., Slater. Mr. Brown is a son of George E. 
and Lucynthia A. Brown, and was born February 16, 1845, in Albemarle 
county, Virginia. He came to Missouri in February, 1869, and settled in 
Saline county, where he has been engaged in farming and carpentering. 
He now lives five miles west of Slater, where he owns 160 acres of good 
land. Mr. Brown was married September 5, 1ST2, to Miss Mary E. Cam- 
eron, of Saline county. They have two children: Mamie A. and Leona 
I. George P. died January 1, 1881. Mr. Brown is a member of the A. 
F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. He enlisted May 1, 1861, in the Confeder- 
ate army, in Longstreet's corps, Pickett's division, and served four years. 
He was taken prisoner April 7, 1S65, and remained in prison at Point 
Lookout until July, 1865. He was in the battles of Bull's Run, Freder- 
icksburg, Cold Harbor, the seven days' fight at Richmond, in which he 
was wounded, and the sieges of Richmond and Petersburg. 

ARCHIBALD PAXTOK, deceased, was born in Prince William 
county, Virginia, June 21, 1810. When eight years of age, his father, 
who was a veteran officer of 1812, moved to Lincoln county, Kentuck}', 
where he farmed upon an extensive scale, having about 100 slaves. Mr. 
Archibald was educated at the Trans3dvania University at Lexington, 
and graduated before reaching manhood's estate. He enlisted under Gen. 
Harrison during the war in Florida, against the Blackhawk Indians, and 
was stationed at Fort Meigs. He served until the close of the war. In 
1840 he was married to Miss Mary J. Davidson, a native of Kentucky, 
who died December 6, 1857, leaving seven children: Nancy E., wife of 
James O. Davis; William L., John A., Mary A., wife of Thornton Lyons ; 
Joseph T., Emma E., wife of Jacob Harris; Rebecca I., wife of T. P. 
Hackley. In 1830 Mr. Paxton came to this county, and entered a tract of 
land comprising 460 acres, now owned by E. M. Price. He afterwards 
purchased all of section 17. He was married in May, 1860, to Mrs. 
Miranda C. Martin, nee Cole, a native of Virginia, by wiiom he had two 
children: Mary C, wife of William P. Tate, and Tillie A. Mrs. Paxton 
also had one child by her first husband: Louisa E., wife of Thadeus J. 
Chrisman. During the war, Mr. Paxton was so unfortunate as to lose 
nearly all of his property. He died at his home, March 24, 1878, of 
heart disease, and was buried at Bethel Church. Mrs. Paxton has been 
a consistent member of the M. E. Church South, for the past thirty years, 
and in her daily walk shows evidences of a membership in a church 
eternal as well as temporal. She lives on the home farm in Miami town- 






HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 809 

ship, where she superintends its cultivation, and deals extensively n stock 
of all kinds. 

GEORGE W. GAUNT, farmer, P. O., Miami. Is a native of Clark 
county, Virginia, born in 1810. Was raised on a farm and educated in 
the common schools. He was married, in the parish of Carroll, Louisiana, 
in the year 1842, to Miss Caroline Phillips, of Kentucky, who left him a 
bereaved husband, but a few short months after their marriage. Previ- 
ous to his marriage, Mr. Gaunt had filled the office of sheriff', of a parish 
in Louisiana, for a period of four 3-ears, besides serving in other official 
capacities, in all of which he made a good record. After the death of his 
wife, he returned to his native state and county, where he w^as again mar- 
ried, in 1853, to Miss Alice E. Rogers, a native of same county. They 
have six children: Lovell C, Emma J., Ida, Alice, Carrie and Charlie. 
In 1848, Mr. Gaunt moved to this state and county, where he has since 
resided. He is an intelligent, successful farmer, thoroughly conversant 
with the latest and most approved methods of farm cultivation. 

CHARLES W. SURBAUGH, farmer and wheel-right, P. O., Miami 
Is a native of this state and county, born near Miami, 1841. He there 
received his education and learned the carpenter's trade. In 1861, he 
enlisted in Captain Crew's compan}-, Colonel Gordon's regiment, Shelby's 
brigade, for six months ; at the expiration of w^hich time, he enlisted in 
Marmaduke's escort. Captain Richard Stallard's company. After the 
capture of Marmaduke, he re-enlisted in his old regiment, then under the 
command of Colonel Williams. Was engaged in the following battles: 
Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, 
Newtonia, and several others too numerous to mention. He was captured 
several times, but succeeded in making his escape each time. Once he 
barely escaped with his life, a comrade being shot dead by his side w^hile 
making the attempt. He surrendered w^th his command at Shreveport 
and returned home. He was married in 1861, to Miss Martha A. Hill, of 
this county, who died in 1875, leaving him, with three children to mourn 
the loss of wife and mother. They are named as follows: John H., 
Hannah J. and George A. In 1878, he was married for the second time 
to Miss Melissa S. Ray, of Saline county. In December, 1880, he entered 
into partnership with Charles Bondurant, in the operation of a saw mill, 
located in Jefferson township, with which they are able to cut 6,000 feet 
of lumber per day. Mr. Surbaugh ii a thoroughly honorable and con- 
scientious business man, industrious and energetic and a decided acquisition 
to the community. 

THOMAS GARNETT, deceased. Was born in Culpepper county, 
Virginia, in 1810. His early life was spent on a farm and in acquiring an 
education in the public schools of his native county. While in Virginia, after 
becoming of age, he was engaged in farming, on a grand scale. Was mar- 



810 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. ,^ 

ried to Miss Luc}' H. Gordon, of same county, by whom he had nine chil- 
dren, seven of whom are livinc^: Anna M., Lucy H., wife of Jas, A.Jordan* 
A. C, Laura V., wife of Giles R. McDaniels; T. T., Edmonia J., Joseph 
H. In 1852 Mr.Garnett moved to this state and count}-, locating where 
his son, A. C, and widow, now reside, on a splendid farm, well adapted to 
the raising of all kinds of produce, or stock. Mr. A. C, who now man- 
ages the farm, makes a specialt}^ of handling fine stock. The subject of 
this sketch died in 1880, having been an active and consistent member of 
the Missionary Baptist Church for forty-five years, acting in the capacity 
of deacon for several years previous to his death. He died at the ripe age 
of seventy years, living the full time allotted to man, leaving behind him a 
record of which his descendants may well be proud. 

STEPHEN WHEELER, deceased. Was born in Harrison county, 
Kentucky, May 28, 1812. At the age of twelve years he came with his 
mother and brothers (his father being dead), to Saline county, where he 
received his education, and served an apprenticeship to the blacksmith's 
trade. He practiced veterinary surgery for several years. August 1, 
1837, he was married to Miss Nancy E. Monroe, of this county, by whom 
he had five children, two of whom are living: Charles W. and Martha 
J., wife of Tl^omas A. Hogan. Mrs. Wheeler died July 31,1856. Decem- 
ber 14, 1859, he was married the second time, to Mary A. Collier. By 
this union he had three children: Lee, Mintie and Clara. Mr. Wheeler 
was one of the oldest settlers of the count}-. He died February 13, 1871, 
and was buried in what is known as the "Blufii'" graveyard, under the 
auspices of the I. O. O. F., of which order he had been an honored mem- 
ber for several years, having been the first Noble Grand of the Miami 
Lodge. His sons, Charles W. and Lee, are now occupying and man- 
aging the fine farm, upon which he passed so many years of his life. 

LAWRENCE W. HAYNIE, P. O., Miami. Was born in North- 
umberland county, Virginia, August 15, 1831. When about eighteen 
months old, his parents moved to Missouri, and settled in Miami town- 
ship, Saline county, where he grew up on the farm, and was educated at 
the Miami Male Institute. In 1856 he made a mercantile venture in De 
Witt, in Carroll county, where he continued in business until 1860, when 
he returned to this county, and has made it his home ever since. In the 
spring of 1861 he volunteered in the M. S. G., and was elected second 
sergeant of his company. At the end of the six months' term, for which 
his company had enlisted, it was mustered out, and the majority of them 
immediately re-enlisted in the Confederate army, and were captured at 
Blackwater, December, 19, 1861, while under the command of Col. 
Frank Robinson. Mr, Haynie was imprisoned in St. Louis, and at 
Alton, IlHnois, for nine months, and then exchanged at Vicksburg. He 
returned to the Confederate army in the trans-Mississippi department, 



* HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 811 

and was mustered out in 1865, at the end of the war. He was married 
February 20, 1868, to Miss Emma Robertson, to which union was born 
four children, three living: Mary E., Richard W., and George P., and 
one son dead. Mrs. Haynie is ^ daughter of Judge R. C. Robertson, of 
this county. Mr. Haynie is a member of the Christian Church, and of 
the A. O. U. W. Since the war he has been engaged in the lumber and 
in the agricultural implement trade in Miami, until 1878, when he 
exchanged his business and stock for a farm of 130 acres, one-half mile 
south of Miami, where he now lives, and is one of the present justices of 
the peace for Miami township. 

ALFRED WHEELER, P. O., Miami. Is one of the old pioneers of 
Saline county. He was born in Garrard county, Kentucky, August 30, 
180T. When he was only five years old his father, Thomas Wheeler, 
was killed at Dudley's defeat in the war of 1812. In 1819 his mother 
moved to Saline county with her family, her eldest daughter and husband, 
Mr. and Mrs. Wolfskill, having settled here two years previously. They 
settled in Jefferson township, where his mother afterward married a sec- 
ond time, to William McMahan, another old pioneer. His mother died 
in 1833. Mr. Wheeler has lived in Saline county since 1819, as it has 
also been the home of his three brothers and two sisters, Samuel, Wilson, 
and Stephen, Mrs. Susan Wolfskill and Mrs. Anna Galbraith. Stephen 
and both sisters are now dead. When about twenty years of age, 
Mr. Wheeler bought the improvements on a tract of land, now known as 
the Booker farm, and remained there about three years. He was mar- 
ried July 9, 1830, to Miss Ruth Perry, who was born in Cooper's fort in 
1812, and was the first white child born of American parents west of St. 
Charles. In the fall of this same year, 1830, he entered a farm in the 
Miami bottom, upon which he erected a cabin, and moved into it with his 
young wife. Subsequently he entered and purchased the 500 acre farm 
one mile and a half east of Miami, upon which he now resides, and upon 
which he moved in 1843. In 18-18 both he and Mrs. Wheeler united with 
the Pinnacle Baptist Church, and when it broke up carried their member- 
ship to the Miami Baptist Church. They have raised four sons and two 
daughters to maturity. Humphrey died at the age of twenty -three, just as 
he was entering upon his studies for the ministry of the Cumberland Pres- 
byterian Church. Amos A. is a well-known and leading physician of 
Miami. Alfred L., the youngest, is living on the old homestead, and takes 
care of the "old folks." William H. lives near by, and divides his time 
between farming and teaching. Mrs. Cyrena Casebolt, widow of Peter 
Casebolt, and Mrs. Betsy Dick, wife of William B. Dick, both live in the 
same community. Mr. Wheeler's grandfather, Benjamin, was born in 
Virginia, and was a soldier in the revolutionary war; he afterward moved 
to Kentucky, and died there, in Garrard county. 



812 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. * 

CAPT. ROBERT RUXTON, P. O., Miami. Capt. Ruxton was 
born in Aberdeen county, Scotland, June 20, 1S20. He left his native 
land in 1S39, and, crossing the ocean, came to Ross count}', Ohio, where 
he lived until 18-1:3, and then came to Saline county, Missouri, and settled 
in Miami township. In 1849 he took the gold fever, and went to Cali- 
fornia, remaining there until 1852, and then returned to Saline, via the 
Isthmus of Panama, with $6,000 in cash, as the result of his work in the 
mines. Since then, this county has been his home. Capt. Ruxton spent 
two years at Kemper's Academy, in Booneville, after he came to this 
county, teaching during the vacations. He was married, May 22, 1853, 
to Miss Mar}' P. Brown; and of this union have been born, Alvan K. 
and William R., both living, and one son dead. He is a member of the 
Methodist Church South, and is also a member of the I. O. G. T. In 
1861 he enhsted in the M. S. G., and was commissioned quartermaster, 
with the rank of captain. Returned to Saline, in the fall of 1861, with 
orders to recruit, and was returning south with a company of recruits, in 
Robinson's regiment of recruits, when the whole were captured by Gen. 
Jefl'. C. Davis, at Blackwater, December 19, 1861. Was in prison in St. 
Louis, and Alton, Illinois, for nine months, and was then exchanged at 
Vicksburg, in 1862, and rejoined t^e confederate army. Was in the 
quarter-master and commissary departments, most of the time, and was 
mustered out at the end of the war in 1865. At the August election, in 
1860, Capt. Ruxton was the regular democratic candidate for sherifi'of 
Saline, but was defeated by a small majority, by D. R. Durrett, the Bell 
and Everett candidate. In 1872 after the re-enfranchisement of the 
southern men in Missouri, Capt. Ruxton ran for the office of collector, as 
an independent democrat, but was defeated by H. H. Harris, the regu- 
larly nominated candidate of the democratic party. In 1876 he was a 
candidate against the regularly nominated democratic candidate, running 
against Col. W. S. Jackson, for the office of county clerk, and was again 
defeated. Before and since the war, Capt. Ruxton has traveled largely 
in Canada and in all the states of the Union. Since 1855, he has been 
engaged in the general shipping business, except during the war. In 
1857 a fire cost him about $9,000, and then the war almost impoverished 
him., losing Rim about $15,000. But by his indomitable pluck and 
energy, he has once more worked out for himself, a fair competency. 
Capt. Ruxton, a gentleman of the old school, and a man of hard Scotch 
sense, and notwithstanding his repeated political defeats, is one of the 
most popular men in the countv. 

COLUMBUS G. INGRAM, P. O., Miami. A Saline county farmer, 
born in Adair county, Kentucky, January 18, 1841. When he was a 
child of five years old, his father moved to Boone county, Kentucky, 
where he was raised on a farm and lived until 1876, when he moved to 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 813 

Saline county, Missouri, and settled six miles east of Miami. He was 
educated at Morgan Academy, Burlington, Boone county, Kentucky. 
February 4, 1862, he was married to Miss Ella F. Bond, of Owen 
count}-, Kentucky, and to this union have been born three children, all liv- 
living: William R., Flauvius G, and Patrick H. Mr. Ingram owns a 
splendid farm of 300 acres, admirably improved, convenient to market, 
and well adapted to both stock and grain. 

JOHN" C. SCOTT, P. O., Miami. Mr. Scott was born in Scott 
county, Kentucky, July 5, 1824. At the age of twelve he came with his 
father to Missouri, locating in Saline county, near Arrow Rock, where he 
lived on his father's farm, until 1844, when he moved to Pettis county. In 
1849 he returned to Saline and settled on a farm in Miami township. His 
early education was obtained at a private school in his father's house, 
and at ex-Gov. Marmaduke's, and finished at the state university at Col- 
umbia. He was married in October, 1844, to Miss Mary Page, of How- 
ard county; one child: Armede, living. Mrs. Scott died in 1847. He 
was married again, December 13, 1849, to Miss Maria J. Booker, and to 
them have been born four children, all living: Hettie E., Mattie P., Jen- 
nie J. and x\melia May. Mr. Scott has been a member of the Baptist 
church since 1842. Has assisted in building ten Baptist Churches, at a 
cost to himself of $815, and has also been liberal toward other denomina- 
tions. He gave $800 towards William Jewel College, $50 to the Lex- 
ington Female School, $100 to the Greenville (S. C.) Theological School,. 
$200 to aid three Baptist newspapers, $50 to build a parsonage, and has given 
$1,885 to the ministry. He also gave $100 to the association, $120 during 
the last twelve years to missions, and $50 to Sunday Schools — making in 
all $4,500 — and yet he has been called " sting}' " b}' some people. He has 
always thrown his influence on the side of religion and good morals. In 
1861 he enlisted and was captured at Blackwater, in Robinson's regi- 
ment of recruits, and was imprisoned at St." Louis, and later, at Alton. 
He donated about $2,000, in the war, about equally between the militia 
and the bushwhackers. ' Since the war he has been successful and now 
owns 816 acres of finely improved land in this county, 2,000 acres in 
Kansas, and 3,840 acres in Texas; and is a stockholder and director in the 
Miami Savings Bank. 

CHRISTOPHER C. BOOTH, P. O., Miami. Mr. Booth, one of 
the tine stock breeders of Saline, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, 
December 8, 1832. While he was quite young his parents moved to 
Adams county, Illinois, where he was raised on a farm, and finished his 
education at Bethany College. In the 'spring of 1866 he came to this 
county, and located on the Walnut Grove stock farm, three miles south- 
east of Miami, where he still lives. The farm consists of 450 acres of 
land admirably^ adapted to grain, grass, and stock-raising. Mr. Booth 



814 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

keeps himself well posted on all matters interesting to farmers, and takes 
great interest in the cultivation of himself and family, and in thefdevel- 
opment of the county generally, and his own farm and stock especially. 
He has on hand a number of high-grade cattle and Berkshire hogs. He 
is the owner of the noted trotting stallion, Boone Chief, one of the best 
bred harness horses in the state. In 1876 this horse took the premium 
in the 3-year old harness ring, at the St. Louis fair, and again in the 
4-year old ring, in 1877, competing with twenty-four others. He is of the 
Membrino and Edwin Forrest families. Mr. H. is also proprietor of 
Lucille, Glencoe Belle, and Alice Hutchinson, of the Membrino family, 
and of quite a number of high-grade horses. He has also a flock of 350 
full-blood Merino sheep, many of them registered. August 18, 1856, he 
was united in marriage to Miss Ann M. Hancock, daughter of John and 
Harriet Hancock, and to this union have been born eight children: Wil- 
liam S., Henry S., George E., Robert E., Ella F., Anna J., and John, 
living, and one daughter, dead. The Booth family emigrated from 
England to Maryland before the Revolution. The grandfather of Wil- 
liam moved to Virginia, and then to Bedford county, Kentucky, where 
Stephen Booth, his father, was raised. 

A. J. CASEBOLT, P. O., Miami. Son of William and Ellen Case- 
bolt, was born in Pocahontas county, Virginia, in February, 1839. In 
1844 he came with his father to Saline county, Missouri. He was raised 
on the farm, and received a country school education. In 1864 he enlisted 
in the Confederate army during Price's last raid; was in the battles of the 
retreat; surrendered in 1865, and returned to Saline. He has since been 
engaged in farming, having a fine farm of 272 acres, all in cultivation, and 
well improved. Raises the finest quality of wheat, of which he raised 
1,800 bushels in 1880. December 2, 1875 he was married to Miss Mar- 
garet S. Peterman, daughter of Marion Peterman. [See his biography.] 
They have two children, both living, Edna and Missouri M. Is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church south, and a Royal Arch Mason. 

GEORGE CASEBOLT, P. O., Miami. Is a son of William and 
Ellen Casebolt, and was born about January 20, 1827, (his age was never 
set down in any record, and there is some dispute about it,) in Pocahontas 
county, Virginia, where he was raised on a farm. In 1844 he came to 
Saline county, Missouri, with his father, and has since been closely identi- 
fied with this county. In 1849 he was married to Miss Jane Moberly. 
She died in 1850, leaving one child, Sarah, now living. In 1851 he mar- 
ried again, to Miss Martha Ferrill, who died in 1877, leaving nine chil- 
dren, all living: Lewis F. L., John M., Edmond W., Willie, Sterling P., 
Liddie B., Joseph, Rolla, and Georgie. He was married again, March 
1880, to Miss Ellen Bowen. Is a member of the Christian Church and a 
master mason. He was in the Confederate army, (see soldiers' record). 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 815 

His farm contains 160 acres of land, in home place, and 506 acres else- 
where. He lost about $2,000 worth of property in the war. He is 
indebted to his own exertions solely for his prosperity. 

CAPT. GRANDISON S. BURNSIDES, P. 6., Miami. Was born 
in Rockingham county, Virginia, March 25, 1832, his father moving to 
Missouri and locating in Saline county, on a farm, when his son was about 
four years old. At the age of nineteen he went to California, and 
engaged in mining for about three years. He then returned and settled 
on a farm in this county. He took sides with the government in the war. 
Volunteered in 1862, and was out until 1863, first as lieutenant, and after- 
wards as captain. The dents in his door, made by revolver bullets, are 
still there to prov^e that it was unsafe for him to remain in Saline county. 
In 1863 he went to CarroUton and engaged in merchandising, until the 
fall of 1866, when he returned to his farm, and has been there ever since. 
His farm contains 160 acres of land, and forty acres in the botton. He 
raises from 1,500 to 2,000 bushels of wheat, and about fifty acres of corn. 
In latter years he has been largely engaged in raising broomcorn. In 
November, 1857, he was married to Miss Louisa G. Miles. They have 
two children living: Anna B., and Benson. His wife died in 1871. He 
married again in 1873 to Miss Eliza A. Williams. One infant child living. 
He is a member of the Christian Church. 

THOMAS A. EASTON, P. O., Miami. Mr. Easton was born in 
Marion county, Missouri, August 7, 1830. His father was a physician in 
Palmyra. In 184-1 the family moved to Knox county, Missouri, on a farm, 
where he remained until 1849, and then returned to Palmyra. In 1850 
Thomas Easton went to California, and remained there engaged in min- 
ing for some time, and then returned to his father's farm in Marion county, 
where he lived until I860. He was married in 1859 to Miss Nancy E. 
Parrish, sister of the Parrish brothers, of Miami. In 1860 he moved on a 
farm of his own. In 1864 he moved to Knox county and lived there until 
1874, when he came to Saline county and located on the ^farm where he 
now lives, containing 434 acres, and one of the finest stock farms in the 
county. Generally he feeds about fifty head of cattle, and one hundred 
head of hogs. Is a member of the Old School Baptist Church. Chil- 
dren: Wm. Griffin, Achilles H., Robert A., and Mary E., all living. 

MARTIN BAKER, P. O., Miami. Mr. Baker was born in Bourbon 
county, Kentucky, Februar}^ 12, 1810, where he was raised on a farm and 
received a country school education. Plis father, Martin Baker, was a 
farmer and merchant, having been engaged in merchandising in Millers- 
burg, Kentuck}'. When about twenty-four years old he came to Lewis 
county, Missouri, opposite Quincy, Illinois, engaged in farming, and 
remained there until 1837, when he traded his farm for a store in Marion 
county, Missouri, and continued in business there until 1840, when he 



816 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

moved to a farm in Knox, near Edina. While there he made the plans 
and specifications for the present court house and jail at Edina, in Knox 
county, located the swamp lands of the county, was the county's agent to 
secure its portion of the school fund, and was otherwise prominently identified 
with the interests of the county. In 1865 he moved to Saline county and 
located on the farm where he now lives, containing 24:0 acres near Miami, 
which is in a high state of cultivation, with fine orchard and small fruits, 
and excellent house and barn. Has now in all, about 500 acres of land. 
He is one of the stock holders and one of the directors of the Miami Sav- 
ings bank, and has been instrumental in shaping the policy of the bank. 
He was married April 18, 1834, to Miss Annie M. Lawrence, a New York 
lady. She died November 18, 1871. He has three children living: Mrs. 
Sarah L. Hudson, Mrs. Anna E. Greene, and James E. His son Caleb 
was killed at the battle of Lexington. Mr. Baker took no part in the war. 
He was once taken as a hostage at one time. Never owned slaves. His 
life is a proof that industry and indomitable pluck will succeed. 

G. N. JACKSON, P. O. Miami. Was born in Henry county, Ken- 
tucky, November 13, 1856, where he was raised on a farm and received a 
common school education. When he was fifteen years of age he moved 
with his parents to Louisville, Kentucky, where he lived until 1881, and 
then came to Miami, Missouri, and became one of Miami's business men. 
For seven years he was engaged as salesman at Louisville. He was 
married October 12, 1880, to Miss H. V. Parkhurst, of Henry county, 
Kentuck3^ 

CHARLES PITTMANN, P. O. Miami. Was born in Prussia, Sep- 
tember 24, 1827, where he received a German education, and a town rais- 
ing. When he crossed the Atlantic, he came directly to Missouri, and 
settled in Saline county, on the place where he now lives. Mr. Pittmann 
was married to Miss Elizabeth Meschide, May 24, 1853. They have had 
eight children, seven of whom are living, and one dead: Fred- 
erick, Christina, Joseph, Mary, Clemens, Anna and Charles. He 
is a member of the Catholic Church, as also his family. He was in 
the militia late in the war for about six weeks, and was then discharged. 
He gave his sons 150 acres of land, and has a farm of 220 acres left, 
situated in the bottom, about three miles below Laynesville, well improved, 
and incredibly fertile. He came to the United States without means, but 
by sturdy perseverance, industry and good management, has made an 
independent competence for his family. He lost in the war about one 
thousand dollars. 

MARION PETERMAN, P. O., Miami. Was born in Berkeley 
county, Virginia, January 26, 1829. Was raised partly in the country, and 
partly in Martinsburg, where he received his education. In 1852 he came 
to this state and to Saline county, and has lived here ever since, except an 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 817 

interval of four years in Carroll county. lie was married November 3, 
1852, to Miss Sophia A. Williamson, and to them have been born four 
children: Martraret S., Jasper O., Emily M. and Sterling P., all living. 
He has been a member of the Methodist Church, South, since 1856, and 
has been church trustee and steward for a number of 3'ears. In 1864, he 
enlisted in the Confederate army, and served until the close of the war, 
1865. After coming to Saline count}^ Mr. Peterman was employed as 
overseer for several years, until 1855, when he began farming for himself. 
Has a well improved farm of 340 acres, good buildings, and feeds cattle 
and sheep. 

JOSEPH AUDSLEY, P. O., Miami. Was born May 22, 1812, in 
Yorkshire, England. Was raised in the country and educated in the 
country schools. His father owned and operated a factory for the manu- 
facture of woolen goods, which his son entered as soon as he quit school, 
and learned the trade of a worsted spinner. In 1847, he crossed the 
Atlantic, landing at New Orleans, and in the next year came on to Mis- 
souri, and settled at the mills, eight miles east of Miami, in Saline county, 
where he has lived ever since. In 1834 he was married to Miss Mary 
Hodgson, of England. To them were born Francis F. and Edward, both 
living. His wife died in 1838, and he married again, December, 1842, to 
Miss Margaret Whitehead, of England. They have live children: Ellen, 
William A., Thomas, Mary and Missouri Ann, living, and two dead. His 
second wife died in 1856, and in 1858, he married Miss Mary 
Brown, and to this union have been born Alice and Isabella, living 
and two dead. Mr. Audsle}' was a thorough-going Union man 
during the war, and, in politics, is now a republican. There being 
no one else qualitied for the office, who would take the oath of loyalty, he 
became postmaster at Miami, from 1862 to 1870. He was constable of 
Miami, Jefferson and Marshall townships, until he refused to run. Has a 
well improved farm of 236 acres. Though a pronounced Union man in 
the war, and republican since, he has never been troubled because of his 
opinions, which is his own statement. 

ROBERT C. HANNA, P. O., Miami. Son of Matthew and Fannie 
Z. Hanna. Was born in Mason county. West Virginia, May 10, 1840, 
w^here he was raised (mostly in town; and received his education. At 
sixteen years of age he commenced the cooper's trade and followed it 
until 1872, employing from fifteen to tw^enty-five hands, the home demand 
for salt barrels consuming all he could manufacture. On the 23d of Sep- 
tember, 1862, he was married to Miss Lucinda Long, and to them have 
been born ten children, five sons and five daughters: Job A,, William V., 
Thomas J., Blanche E., Lou A., Callie May, Fannie K., Robert C, John 
jNIorgan and Mattie S., all living. He came to this county in 1872. Was 
52 



818 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

justice of the peace in Virginia; served one 3ear and resigned. Since 
coming to Saline he has been farming, three miles from Miami, and is a 
worthy citizen and business man. 

WILLIAM J. FOESE, P. O., Miami. Was born in Powhattan 
county, Virginia, September 29, ISiS, where he was raised on a farm, and 
received a good English education. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in 
the Confederate army; was in the first battle of the war, excepting the 
bombardment of Fort Sumter, and was with Gen. Lee throughout the 
war, until his final surrender. Was wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., in 
the left shoulder. In one of the battles of the early part of the war, 
nearly all his company were killed, wounded, or captured. He was in 
company E, Fourth Virginia cavalry regiment, Stewart's cavalry, Fitz 
Hugh Lee's division. After the war he returned to his home, and 
remained on the farm until 1871, and then moved to Hickman county, 
Kentucky, where he farmed four years, and then came to Saline county, 
Missouri, in 1875, and has lived here since. He was married, June (5, 
1866, to Miss A. C. Vaughan. They have two children living, Leonidas 
F. and James A., and one daughter dead. Both Mr. and Mrs. Foese are 
members of the M. E. Church South. He still owns his farm in Virginia. 

THOMAS J. PATE, farmer and teacher, P. O., Miami. Was born 
in Limestone county, Alabama, August 7, 1842. When he was yet an 
infant his father moved to Carroll county, Missouri, where the subject of 
this sketch was raised on a farm, and received a good English education, 
attending the Miami Institute about eight months. At the call of the 
governor in 1863 he entered the enrolled militia as fourth sergeant, his 
company being stationed at Carrollton. In 1864 he joined the Confeder- 
ate army under Gen. Price, then in the state, and was in the battles of 
Independence, Westport, and Big Blue, where he was detailed to cany a 
dispatch to the front, was cut ofl' from his command, and went to Sagi- 
naw, Michigan, and spent some months in the pineries there. He then 
returned as far as Quincy, Ills., where he remained over three months, and 
then came home. Soon after he reached home two discharged Federal 
soldiers entered his house, and one of them shot at him, the ball entering 
his left shoulder. He returned the fire, wounding the ex-soldier so that 
he died the following day. Mr. Pate then went to Mississippi, and 
engaged in teaching there for two years. He returned to Saline, and 
located near Miami, and in 1868 was married to Miss Fannie M. Thomas, 
and to them have been born four children, all living: Annie L., Ernest 
C., Edgar T., and Arthur J., and William H., dead. He then moved to 
Brownsville, and engaged in the transfer business until 1876, then moved 
to Pettis county. In 1877 he moved to his present home near Miami, in 
this county, and expects to remain here the rest of his life. Is a member 
of the M. E. Church South, and a Knight of Pythias. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 819 

GEORGE B. HUDSON, P. O., Miami. Was born in Edgar, Illinois, 
June 25, 183^), and when only about three years old his father moved to 
Lewis county, this state. In 1840, his father moved to Knox county, this 
state, where George B., being the oldest of a large family, remained, (his 
father having died) and carried on the farm until the war broke out in 
1861. In August, 1861, he enlisted in company A, Colonel Green's regi- 
ment, C. S. A., and was in the battles of Lexington, Pea Ridge, second 
Corinth, luka. Holly Springs, Prairie Grove and Helena, where he was 
captured, and taken to Alton, Illinois, for eight months, and then taken to 
Fort Delaware, where he was kept twelve months. The allowance was 
two ounces of meat, four ounces of bread per day; clothing scanty, and 
suffering great. In February, 1865, he was sent on parole to Richmond, 
Virginia, and on to Shreveport, Louisiana, where he got a furlough, and 
went to Ellis county, Texas, and remained there until October, 1865. He 
then returned home to Knox county. In March, 1866, he came to Saline 
county, where he has since been farming. He was married September 19, 
1866, to Miss S. L. Baker, and to this union have been born six children, four 
living and two dead: Carrie M., Letitia, Annie B. and Samuel M. Has 
a line farm of 120 acres, three and a half miles from Miami, good buildings 
and well cultivated. When he came back from the army he had just $5 
left, and he has it 3'et. He is a member of the Baptist church. Has been 
in every southern state, except Florida. 

ROBERT A. HENTON, P. O., Miami. Was born on the 24th of 
December, 1834, in Augusta county, Virginia, where he was raised in the 
country, and received a good country school education. At the age of 
nineteen, he went to California, and engaged in mining for about two years, 
and then returned home to Virginia. About 1856, he moved to Lafayette 
county, Missouri, and settled for several years. In 1862, he moved to this 
county where he has since made his home, occupied in farming. In 1861, 
enlisted in the Confederate service, but was captured December 19, 1861, 
with Robinson's recruits, at Blackwater, and was imprisoned in St. Louis, 
and Alton, Illinois, until April 1, 1862, when he took the oath of loyalty, and 
returned home, and adhered faithfully to the oath. Financially, he lost 
all he had by the war, about ^^^5,000; but by his energy, attention to busi- 
ness, and careful management, has again secured a competence. Has a fine 
farm of 180 acres, forty of which is in timber. He was married in Jul}-, 
1860 to Miss Martha McCulloch, a niece of Colonel Robert McCulloch, 
of Booneville. They have had eight children, two dead, and six living: 
Alexander, George McC, Nancy M., William, Susan H. aad Robbie. 
Mr. Henton is a Master- Mason. 

WINSON RICE, P. O., Miami. Mr. W. Rice is of English descent, 
a farmer, and was born in Northumberland county Virginia, May 13, 
1801, where he was raised on a farm. When quite young he commenced 



820 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

a sailor's life, and ran on the Atlantic coast for several years, and while 
in New York, made a visit to Washington City, to see the president. In 
1838 he came to Saline county, Missouri, has lived here ever since, and 
has seen many changes in the county. He is a member of the Baptist 
church, an organizing member at Miami. January 15, 1828, he was 
married to Nancy P. M. McKa3^ They have nine children, six of 
whotn are now living: Lucy V., Indiana, John A., Winnie A., William 
J., and Joseph M. Mrs. Rice died in 1877. He is still living, and in 
good health, lives with his son on the home place. During the war of 
1812, he and his brothers and sisters had to lie in the woods; they used 
to dress him and send him to the neighbors for food. Joseph M. Rice, 
who lives with his father at the home place, w^as born in Saline county, 
Januar}^ 17, 184:7; was raised and educated on the farm he now lives on, the 
best of his education having been received in war times. In October, 
1877, he was married to Miss Fannie Nunn, no children. Mr. Rice has 
a small but well improved place. He is quite a young man, and has a 
promising future before him. 

EDWARD S. CASEBOLT, P. O., Miami. Was born on a farm in 
Pocahontas county, Virginia, Ma}^ 16, 1834. In 1841: he came with his 
parents to Saline county, Missouri, which has been his home ever since. 
His education was limited, as his father, at that time, was a poor man. 
He has alwavs been a farmer, and now owns a handsome farm of 117 
acres, well adapted to grain and stock-feeding, near Miami, upon which 
he now lives. He also owns a half interest in a farm of 680 acres in Car- 
roll county, 300 acres of which is in cultivation. It is on his home farm 
that the relics of the mound.builders have been found. In May, 1862, he 
was married to Miss Bettie Haynie, who died in 1865. To this union 
were born two children, both now' dead. In August, 1S68, he w^as mar- 
ried to Miss Hannah Bowen, and to them have been born eight children, 
one dead, and seven living: Branford B., William Lester, Georgie, R. E, 
Lee, Zachary Taylor, Minnie E. and Marv. In December, 1861, he 
joined Robinson's regiment of Confederate recruits, and was captured 
with them at Black water, December 19, 1861, and was a prisoner at St. 
Louis and Alton, Illinois, until March, 1862, when he was released on 
oath, and returned home. In 1864 he enlisted in Shelby's division in Gen. 
Price's raid, and served to the end, 1865. (See soldier's record.) He is 
a Master-Mason, and is also a member of the A. O. U. W. 

R. W. HAYNIE, P. O., Miami. Was born in Northumberland county, 
Virginia, Januarv 22, 1836, and in the July following his parents moved to 
Missouri, and settled in this county, three and one-half miles southwest of 
Miami, where the subject of this sketch was raised and educated at the 
Miami Institute. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the army. 
In December, 1861, was captured with Robinson's regiment of recruits, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 821 

and remained in prison in St. Louis and Alton, Illinois, about eight months, 
when he was exchanged at Vicksburg, and re-joined the Confederate 
army and served to the end of the war, 1805, being orderly sergeant at 
the close. (See soldiers' record.) He was married to Miss Fannie A. 
Williams, January 22, 18(58. They have no children of their own, but are 
raising four half-brothers and sisters. In 180*! he commenced to work at 
the carpenter's trade, and followed it for four years, then engaged in the 
grocery business for about a year, and then changed his business to that 
of photographing, which he followed three years. He then settled^ on 
the farm where he now resides and has since been occupied in farming. 
The winter of 1858-1) he spent in Virginia, and the year 180O in Colorado. 
He is a member of the M. E. Church, South, and is a Master Mason. 

PHILIP S. REYNOLDS, P. O., Miami. An old and well known 
citizen of Saline, was born June 1, 1800, in Orange county, Virginia. 
At the death of his father, who was a wealthy citizen of Orange count}-, 
Virginia, Philip was made executor of the estate and guardian of the 
minor heirs. The settling up of the estate and the interests of the 
family, occupied him until 1830. He was married in 1832, to his second 
cousin. Miss. Elizabeth H. Reynolds, and in the fall of 1836, he started 
west and halted in Jefferson county, Kentucky, where he remained until 
1842. Here his wife died, and here also, he was again married, to Miss 
Julia Chrisler. Dissatisfied with the country, he moved to Missouri in 
1842, and remained about a year in Glasgow, Howard county. In 1843 
he crossed the river at Glasgow, and settled in the Big Bottom, in Saline 
county. The flood of 1844 drove him out of the bottom, and he pur- 
chased a farm near the Pinnacles. He suffered so much from sickness 
during the following year, that he abandoned the vicinity of the Pinnacles 
and bought the farm upon which he lives at present. In this year, 1845, 
he began to purchase his supplies from John P. Scott, and to employ Dr. 
Dunlap as his family physician, which he has continued ever since. In 
1872 his second wife died, and in^l8T5 he married his present wife. Miss 
Winnie A. Rice. Mr. Reynolds has raised seven children, four sons and 
three daughters,]one of whom was born to his first wife, and six to his sec- 
ond. His present wife has no children. In his twenty-sixth year, while 
yet in Virginia, he joined the Baptist church, and is now the oldest mem- 
ber of the Miami congregation. His has been the life of a God-fearing 
Christian, for these many years, and always, a hard-working farmer, he 
has never, knowingly, wronged any man. In the war he did not enter the 
army on either side, though his sympathies were with the south. His 
property suffered greatly, having little, except his land, left at the end, but 
by industr}^ and good management, he has replaced his losses. His ances- 
tr}- came to America, Virginia, from Scotland, his grandfather, Joseph, 
being an old revolutionary soldier. His father, Washington Reynolds, 



822 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

one of two sons," married Miss Catherine Swan, of the w^ell known Mary- 
land famih', and raised a family of eight sons and one daughter, all of the 
highest respectability. Of these, Joseph and William ^-et reside in Vir- 
ginia; Washington, in Louisville, Kentucky; Thomas M. S., in Nebraska; 
Charles D. and Benjamin F., in California; and Lucy, wife of Samuel 
Douglass, in Henderson, Texas. Mr. Reynolds has been a great hunter, 
and a splendid shot in his day. 

BENJAMIN F. LEMMON,P. O., Miami. Is a son of Benj. F. and 
Emily Lemmon (Chandler), of Kentucky, and was born in Harrison 
county, Kentucky, September 25, 1831, w^here he was raised and edu- 
cated in the country. At eighteen years of age he moved to Grant 
county, Kentucky, and from there to Missouri in February, 1876, and 
located one mile and a half south of Miami. He was married February 
23, 1854, to Miss Elizabeth McDowell, and to this union were born four 
children: Millard F., Lola G., William F., and Robert H., all living, 
and Bettie E., dead. Mrs. Lemmon died June 16, 187], and Mr. Lem- 
mon was again married, March 13, 1873, to Mrs. Sarah E. Davis, whose 
maiden name w'as Berry. No diildren. He has an excellent farm of 
145 acres, all in cultivation, with good buildings, and he devotes himself 
to farming and stock-feeding. Directly and indirectly, the war cost him 
about $1,000. 

GILES R. McDANIEL, P. O., Miami. Was born in Booneville, Mis- 
souri, December 20, 1842. When but two years old, his father moved to 
Saline count}-, where he was raised on a farm, and received a good Eng- 
lish education. He entered William Jewell College ; but had only been there 
one year when the war broke out, and he voluntered, August, 1861, in the 
southern army, and continued in the service until the close, in 1865. First 
voluntered in the Missouri state guards. When discharged at the end of 
his six months, he enlisted in the Confederate army, Capt. Ruxton's com- 
pany, and was captured with Robinson's regiment of recruits at Black- 
water, December 19, 1861, and imprisoned in the old McDowell College, 
St. Louis. In the next month, January, 1862, he escaped from the prison, 
passing the sentry in the disguise of a negro, and spent the night in one of 
the hotels. Early the next morning he started out on foot, but soon 
encountered the picket. As soon as he came to the sentry, he stopped, 
and remarked to his servant (who was with him) " George, we can't get 
any ice out of the river here, and we might as well go back!" They 
therefore turned back toward the city, but in a short time met a lot of 
cows going out to the common to graze, so they fell in with them and 
thus passed the picket. They walked all day up the river, but were 
recaptured that same evening. From some cause, the officer who had 
captured them, called Giles a "liar.'" He replied, "you are neither a gen- 
tleman or a brave man, 3^ou have two revolvers, and I propose that we 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 823 

make this personal, and settle it with them." The officer took the propo- 
sition in good part, and bringing out a supply of old Bourbon, proposed 
that, instead of fighting, they should drink and be friends. McDaniel 
agreed. With the idea of escape in his mind, he then encouraged the 
drinking, but only pretending to drink himself. By daylight, the whole 
of his guard, officer and men, were too drunk to take any notice of him. 
So he bade them adieu; and that is the last he ever saw of them. After 
going a short distance, he met an Irishman that had seen him the night 
before. The Irishman accused him of being the man, he denied it, until 
the lie passed, and the Irishman started for McDaniel. Mac. had no arms, 
but put his hand to his pocket, as if he had, and ordered him to halt, or 
he would shoot him. The Irishman was blufted, and a recapture avoided. 
He now moved on, but found it impossible to get rid of the Irishman, who 
now pretended to be his friend. The Irishman finally agreed to ferry him 
across the river. After they got in the skifi'and out a little way from the 
shore, McDaniel again put his hand in his pocket, and notified the lirsh- 
man that unless he landed him safely and quietly on the Illinois shore, he 
would be shot through the head. The Celt rowed for dear life, made a 
safe landing in Illinois and received his pay and returned. The rest was 
easy, and except that the weather and roads were bad, he had little trouble 
in reaching home. But the Federal soldiers soon heard of his return, 
and endeavored to capture him. He dodged them, and went to Louis- 
ville, Kentucky, then around to Richmond, Virginia, crossing the Chesa- 
peake bay in a canoe, where it was twenty miles wide. From Richmond 
he was passed on to Little Rock, Arkansas, and reported to Gen. Price. 
Mr. McDaniel was married February 12, 1867, to Miss Laura V. Garnett, 
and to them have been born five children, all living: Mattie D., Minnie L., 
Ethel F., Chapman A., and Bessie R. He is a member of the Baptist 
Church and A. O. U. W. 

WILLIAM SURBAUGH, deceased. One of the early settlers of 
Saline county; was born in Greenbriar county, Virginia, November 12, 
1804, and was raised and educated, and married there, to Miss Hannah 
Hisey. They had twelve children, six of them now dead, and six living, 
viz: Ann E., Charles W., Henry C, Joseph T., John L., and Mitchell 
B. In 1839 he moved to Missouri, and settled on a farm near Miami, in 
Saline county. From this place there is a fine view of the surrounding 
country, and of the stirring little city of Miami, and here Mr. Surbaugh 
lived until his death, which occurred September 27, 1878. He was 
mourned by a large circle of relatives and friends. His estimable lady 
still survives him, and, in fair health, is living at the old homestead with 
her son, John L. Surbaugh, the next to the youngest son, who is still 
unmarried, and carries on the home farm. Both the old folks have been 



824 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

connected with the Baptist Church for over thirty years. Notwithstand- 
ing that the war lost Mr. Surbaugh fully ifjl 5,000, he left a fine estate. 

DANIEL T. GUTHREY, deceased. One of the early settlers of 
Saline county, was born in Buckingham county, Virginia, July IT, 1817, 
where he was raised in the country, on a farm, and received a good Eng- 
hsh education. In 1837 he came to Saline county, Missouri, and was 
employed by Col. John Brown, as overseer, which position he occupied 
for a number of years, and then commenced farming for himself. He 
was married August 5, 1840, to Miss Harriet M. Brown, daughter of Col. 
John Brown. They have nine children living, (and two, Addie, and James 
E., dead), viz John W., Mrs. Annie M., Jeter, Charles P., Arthur M., 
Ida R., Nova H., Emma B., Lucy L., and Travis S. Mrs. Guthrey died 
November 12, 1876, and February 23, 1880, he was laid by her side, 
awaiting the resurrection of the just. Arthur M. Guthrey, son of Daniel 
T. Guthrey, was born in Texas, while his parents were there on a trip for 
their health, March 10, 1853. He was raised on his father's farm in this 
county, where he was principally educated, spending one year at Kirks- 
ville, Missouri. He has charge of his father's affairs, settling up the estate, 
and, with his two brothers and three sisters, is managing the farm of 480 
acres, keeping the famih' together. He is feeding sixty-seven head of fat 
cattle, and about eighty-seven head of stock cattle. He is a member of 
the Methodist Church, South, and is yet unmarried. He is a managing 
and enterprising young man, and is sure to succeed. 

WILLIAM H. PATE, Sr., P. O., Miami. Was born in Williamson 
county, Tennessee, September 26, 1816, his father being a cotton planter 
there; and when William was but nine or ten 3^ears old his father moved 
to Lauderdale county, Alabama, where he entered more largely into the 
growing of cotton. He (William) received a good English education. 
In 1836 he volunteered as a private in the Florida war, and was detailed 
to the very hazardous employment of carrying the mail. In 1837 he 
began the trade of blacksmith and gunsmith, which he followed until 1842. 
He then moved to Carroll county, Missouri, and located on a farm four 
miles west of De Witt, and remained there until 1865, when he moved 
to a farm in this county, and has since been engaged in farming and stock- 
feeding. On the 21st of October, 1841, he was married to Miss Belinda 
Watson, of Alabama; and to them have been born seven children, three — 
Thomas J., William Henry, and Andrew J. — now living, and four, two 
daughters and two sons, dead. Mrs. Pate died in 1857; and March 20, 
1861, he was married, the second time, to Mrs. Mary D. Stephenson, 
widow of Edward Stephenson, by whom she had one son, William D. 
Stephenson. Her maiden name was Moberly, Mr. Pate was a constitu- 
tional man in the great excitement of 1S6(>. He believed slavery to be 
wrong per sc, but yet did not believe it right to. take the slaves from their 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 825 

masters without paying for them, after the law had made them property. 
He was too old for the army when the war broke out, and he endeavored 
to hold a neutral position; this, however, only made him the common tar- 
get for both factions, and he was persecuted accordingl}-. His losses 
were large. He had a fine farm of 320 acres, well improved, but it was 
stripped down to the bare land; and he had to dispose of his land to get 
bread. Through energy, perseverance and management, he has, in a 
great measure, recuperated; has given his sons 268 acres of land, and has 
now a well-improved place of 120 acres. Mr. Pate keeps well up with 
the times, and has been a reader of the St. Louis Republican for thirty- 
eight years. 

CAPTAIN WILLIAM S. BATES, farmer and joiner, P. O., Miami. 
Son of William S and Huldah B. Bates, (^nee Parrish), was born in Gooch- 
land county, Virginia, September 16, 1817, and at the age of seven years 
came with his father and family to Marion county, Missouri. Soon after 
their arrival in Marion count}', the new county of Lewis was organized, 
and without an}- further move they found themselves located in Lewis 
county, where Capt. William was raised on a farm. The Indians (Sacs) 
were still nulnerous there at that day, and the Indian children were his 
daily companions. His education was obtained in the pioneer style, and 
he learned to speak the Indian language. At the age of eighteen 
he learned the trade of house joiner, and worked at it until 1848, 
combined with cabinet making, and had a farm southwest of 
LaGrange. In 1856 he moved to this county, and located on 
the farm where he has lived to the present time, engaged in farming. 
In April, 1845, he was married to Miss Mary E. Gash, daughter of Mar- 
tin and Mary Gash, of Marion county, Missouri. She died July 26, 1872, j^ 
leaving five children: Mrs. Mary R. Ish, WilHam M., Henry M., Edward 
J., and Elizabeth H., all living, and two dead. In July, 1846, he fell from 
a scaffold and broke his left ankle, and as a consequence has never since 
been able to do much walking — cannot walk five consecutive miles. His 
father was well-to-do until he was broken up by having to pay a number 
of security debts. From his grandfather he received $862, and at his 
marriage his wafe received $1,500, and by economy and industry he had 
accumulated a competency when the war broke out, which caused him 
heavy losses. His energy and push have again sustained him, however, 
and he has now a splendid farm of 235 acres (and fifty acres of timber), 
admirably improved. At the beginning of the war he was worth about 
$25,000. His great-grandfather, James Bates, came from New England 
to Virginia, and there married Mrs. Duncombe, and to them were born 
five sons. His grandfather, also James Bates, married Mahethalum Ser- 
gent, to whom were born four sons and three daughters. His grand- 
mother's name (mother's side) was Massey, and he is descendant from 



826 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 



two of the best families of Virginia. During the war he opposed seces- 
sion, but was in sympathy with the south. 

JOHN G. GUTHREY, capitalist, P. O., Miami. Was born in Cum- 
berland county, Virginia, May 2, 1810, and is of German descent. He 
was mostly reared on a farm in Cumberland county, being educated in 
the country schools of the period, one of his teachers having formerly 
been private secretary of Gen. Andrew Jackson. At the age of nineteen 
he entered a country store as clerk, in Stony Point mills, serving an 
apprenticeship of five years. He then came to Missouri, and was in the 
west about five years, and visited Saline county in 1835 and '36 during a 
western trip. He then settled down to merchandising in Petersburg^ 
V^irginia, where he dealt largely in tobacco and making money largely. 
^During a visit to New York in 1861, after the battle of Bull Run, he was 
seized as a southern sympathizer and thrown into Fort Lafayette, and all 
his personal prop'erty, to the amount of $140,000 in bonds and currency 
taken from him. After six months in prison he was released for want of 
evidence, and immediately brought suit for his property, which he recov- 
ered. He then established a tobacco factory in Brooklyn, New York, 
which he carried on to the end of the war, and out of which he cleared 
about $100,000. He then entered a banker's and brokers' establishment 
on Wall street. New York, under the firm name of Harvey & Guthrey, 
w^hich he aided in conducting until 1867, when he sold out to his partner. 
Having already invested about $100,000 in real estate in Saline county^ 
in 1868, he removed with his family to Miami, where he has since 
resided, and which he has greatly aided in building up and improving. 
While doing business in Brooklyn he married Miss E. S. Hawkins, 
daughter of Joseph Hawkins, of Yonkers, New York, by whom he has 
a family of seven children. He is and has long been, a member of the 
Episcopal Church, as are nearly all his family. Mr. Guthrey is of Scotch- 
Irish descent, and his ancestors came to America from the north of Ire- 
land. He is president of the Miami Saving's Bank, and is also a farmer. 
Two of his brothers, James and Daniel, are also residents of Saline county, 
and have been for many years. 

CURTIS W. PENDLETON, P. O., Miami. Mr. C. W. Pendleton 
was born in Todd county, Kentucky, February 15, 1826, and is a relative 
of Rev. J. M. Pendleton, the noted Baptist minister. He lived with his. 
father on a farm in Kentucky until he was ten years old, when his father 
moved to Boone county, Missouri, where he died eighteen months after- 
w'ard. At the age of sixteen Curtis began to learn the trade of harness 
and saddle making, in Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, and remained 
there five years. At the end of this time he volunteered as a teamster 
in the Mexican war, being out one year. In September, 1849, he moved 
to Miami, Missouri, and commenced in business. In 1861 he volunteered 



I 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 827 

in Robinson's command, and was captured, with the command, the second 
day out, on the Blackwater. Was kept prisoner three months, when he 
was released, on taking the oath. He then went to St. Louis and entered 
a wholesale saddle house as a salesman, where he remained two years. 
In July, 1865, he returned to his business in Miami, where he has 
remained ever since. Besides three years trade, he lost by the war 
$4,000, and returned to Miami, in 18ft5, broke. He went to work like 
the man he is, and at the present time carries a fine stock of goods in his 
line, besides a remunerative trade. Owns his business house and resi- 
dence. In May, 1850, he married Miss Mary A. Hicklin. Their children 
are Mrs. Emma Armstrong, of St. Louis, and Annie L., both living, 
and three dead. They have also an adopted daughter, Lillie. He has 
been a member of the Baptist Church since 18-44, and was one of the^ 
organizing members of that church at Miam^. Is a deacon of the church. 
He is a Sunday school man; is a member of the Good Templar order, 
and also a member of the citv government. 

JOHN M. CASEBOLT,"P. O., Miami. Was born in Miami town- 
ship, on the 5th of March, 1856, and was raised on the farm. After the 
usual schooling of country boys, he finished his education at the Kirks- 
ville state normal school. After some experience in teaching, he com- 
menced in business in Miami just two years ago, and is one of the enter- 
prising business men of that place. On the 25th of December, 1878, he 
was married to Miss Laura Parcell, of Kirksville, Mo., having one child: 
Effie. He is a member of the Christian Church, and is secretary and 
treasurer of the Sunday school. 

HENRY MERTENS, P. O., Miami. Was born in Prussia, near 
Cologne, August 19, 1823, where he was raised and educated in the 
country. In 1848, at the age of twenty-five, he crossed the Atlantic, 
landing at New Orleans. The voyage was long and tedious, he being 
on the ocean sixty days. From New Orleans he went direct to St. 
Louis, where he remained one year, thence to Glasgow, Missouri, where 
he also remained about one year. He then came on to Miami, Missouri, 
laboring at various kinds of work, burning lime kilns, running a saw- 
mill, etc. On the day President Lincoln was assassinated, April, 1865, 
he commenced the drug trade, and now carries a fine stock of drugs, etc. 
Of course the war brought him both trouble and loss, as it did nearly 
all. At its close he just had $428, with which to do business, and to sup- 
port a family. Now he has a handsome residence, a large brick business 
house, besides his stock, and a farm in Carroll county, Missouri, and a 
stockholder in the Miami Savings Bank. In 1855 he was married to 
Miss Margaret Smith, of Booneville, and to them have been born eleven 
children, nine of which are now living, and eight of these are daughters. 
He is a member of the German Lutheran Church, is a chapter member of 



828 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

A. F. & A. M., and encampment member of I. O. O. F., and has been 
a member of the city council. From exposure and overheating- in trying 
to save the property of others at a warehouse fire, he almost lost his 
voice, and for years could not speak above a whisper, but is now pretty 
well restored. He learned to read English while working for John P. 
Scott, in 1852. He is an able financier. 

JOHN F. CARR, merchant, P. O., Miami. Was born in Adams 
county, Illinois, July 3, 1853. He was raised on a farm, receiving his 
education mostly from the public schools, and completing it in Lafayette 
College, Howard county, Missouri. He came to Saline county, in 1868, 
where he has since made his home. In March, 187-1:, he married Miss 
Rebecca WilHams. Four children: Annie P., Nellie F., William F. 
and James F., have been born to them, all, except James, are living, 
who is dead. Mr. Carr is «i member of the Christian Church, as is 
his wife also. He is an earnest Sunday school man. He is the pro- 
prietor of the only agricultural implement house in Miami, and carries 
a large and complete stock of agricultural implements. 

DR. DANIEL F. BELL, physician and surgeon, P. O., Miami. Dr. 
Bell was born in what is now Jefierson county. West Virginia, December 
1, 1839. His father w^as engaged in farming and milling, and hence he 
was raised in the country. He was educated at a private school. In 
1861 he enlisted in the 12th Virginia cavalry', as a private, and served in 
Virginia during the war. He went through the war from Harper's Feny, 
at the beginning, to the surrender at Appomattox court house, and partici- 
pated in all the great battles of the Virginia campaigns. In June, 1863, 
he was wounded in the left arm in a charge at Brandy Station, which 
resulted in an excision of the elbow joint. He was assistant provost mar- 
shal at various points. After the war he entered the medical department 
of the University of Virginia and took one term, then entered the same 
department of the University of Maryland, and graduated from that insti- 
tution in 1867. He came immediately to Miami, Saline county, Missouri, 
and in 1869 commenced the practice of his profession, in which he has 
built up a large and paying practice. He has been ver}^ successful with 
various stubborn diseases and forms of disease. In May, 1875, Dr. Bell 
was married to Miss Emma, daughter of John C. Scott, to whom has 
been born one child, Mattie. He is a member of the Baptist Church, is 
a Royal Arch Mason, and is high priest at present of the Miami chapter, 
is also a member of the A. O. U. W. x\s the war had destroyed all his 
property, Dr. Bell came to Miami with nothing but his brain and his pro- 
fession, and has won a competency for himself and famih-. 

JOHN P. SCOTT, merchant,"P. O., Miami. Mr. jJhn P. Scott, son 
of Olle}' and Mary Scott, was born in Salem, Indiana, Jul}- 24, 1819. His 
parents died in 1827, and from that time he was reared to manhood by 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 829 

Dr. Burr Bradley-, of Indiana. He was educated at the seminary of his 
native town. He did not remain as long at school as was his wish, in 
consequence of the necessity of making his own living. He served as 
apprentice for five 3^ears in a trading and manufacturing company, and 
then turned his eyes to the West as opening a more inviting field to a 
young man. In August, 1841, he landed at Booneville, Missouri, entered 
the store of S. & P. Beck as a clerk, and remained with them two years. 
A business connection was about this time formed between himself and 
Judge R. E. McDaniel, and continued one year longer in Booneville. In 
April, 1844, in connection with Judge McDaniel, he came to Saline 
county, and established a store in Miami, under the firm name of McDaniel 
& Scott. In March, 1844, he was married to Miss Elvira A. Weir, 
daughter of James and Jane Weir, who had formerly lived in Washington 
county, Indiana, but who had since removed to Iowa. The couple 
arrived in Miami in April, 1844, and have lived there ever since. In 1847 
Mr. Scott dissolved his connection with McDaniel and established the 
"cash and barter store," which he has conducted to the present time. 
During the throes of the civil war, his business suffered a severe check in 
common with so many others, and from 18B3 to 1865 he was compelled 
to suspend business, in consequence of the impossibility of meeting his lia- 
bilities in the east. But when the cruel war was over he again estab- 
lished himself in business at the old stand, and won back his credit in the 
east. A New York merchant, speaking of Mr. Scott, is reported to have 
said that he was the only Missouri country merchant that he knew of 
who had paid dollar for dollar the debts contracted by him during the 
war. Mr. Scott is the oldest merchant in Miami, and for many years has 
been a prominent business factor in the commercial history of Saline 
county. Two daughters, Mrs. Eva W. Miller and Miss Hebe, still living, 
have blessed his wedded life. 

JONAS A. SAUFLEY, merchant, P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Virginia, in 1820. In 1840, at the age of twenty, in 
company with another young man, Mr. James Lynn, he came to Mis- 
souri, and landed in Miami in the fall of that year, and determined at once 
to make Saline count}- his future home. For some years he lived with 
Col. John Brown, on his farm six miles south of Miami, dividing his time 
between assisting on the farm and in hunting. The entire county, at that 
time, abounded in game, and many a splendid buck has fallen before the 
unerring aim of Mr. Saufley in his sporting days. In the year 1847, and 
the twenty-seventh 3^ear of his age, Mr. Saufley married Miss Martha J. 
Brown, daughter of William Brown, one of the old settlers of the county. 
Soon after his marriage, Mr. Saufley entered the mercantile business, 
but after three years, he sold ofl' his stock, and settled on a farm, six- 
miles southwest of Miami, raw prairie. He increased this farm in a few 



S30 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

years, from 160 acres of raw prairie land, to 600 acres of finely cultivated 
land, which he still owns. In 1862 he returned to Miami, and in 1865, 
begun the business of commission merchant, to which he soon added a 
stock of genera] merchandise, in which he is now engaged. During the 
war he was robbed several times, and lost heavily in slave property, yet 
by dint of persevering industry and economy, he has accumulated a 
handsome fortune. Mr. Saufley has raised a fine family of two sons and 
five daughters, of whom the eldest married A. R. Edmonds, druggist of 
Miami. The second daughter is the wife of Geo. Hahn, dry goods mer- 
chant of Miami. 

DR. MARSHALL A. BROWN, P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, July 24, 1833, and is the 
son of Edmond and Theodosia Brown. When about three years old his 
father moved from the old dominion to Saline county, Missouri, and set- 
tled on a farm near the present town of Arrow Rock, In 1848, he moved 
to near Miami. The doctor was raised on a farm. When about seven- 
teen years old he entered a store in Miami, as clerk. In a year or so he 
became partner in a drug store and continued in the trade until 1859, read- 
ing medicine during his leisure hours. In the spring of 1860, he attended 
the medical department of the University of Virginia, and in the spring 
of 1861, graduated from the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia. 
He returned to Miami, intending there to enter on the practice of his pro- 
fession, but found the country plunged in the horrors of civil war. Dr. 
Brown enlisted on the Confederate side, at first, in the Missouri state 
guard, which later became a part of the Confederate army. He was 
made regimental surgeon, with the rank of major of cavalry, and remained 
with the army until the close of the war, in the spring of 1865. Returning 
to Miami in the summer of 1865, he began the practice of medicine, in 
connection with the drug trade, and continued until 1872, when he quit 
practice, in consequence of declining health, and devoted his whole atten- 
tion to the store, which business he still continues. In April, 1871, Dr. 
Brown was married to Miss Mattie Waters, of Boone county, Missouri, 
and to them were born Edmond and Gertrude, both living. Mrs. Brown 
died in January, 1876. Dr. Brown is a Royal Arch member of A. F. & 
A. M., and has represented his chapter in the Grand Chapter. He is a 
great lover of hunting, and is one of the keenest sportsmen in the countr}-, 
and devotes a large portion of his time to this healthy and manly exercise. 
He is also passionately devoted to music, and delights beyond measure in 
the "harmony of sweet sounds." 

REV. WM. M. BELL. The Rev. Wm. M. Bell was born in Rich- 
mond county, Virginia, July 23, 1823, and is a son of Thomas V. and 
Elizabeth Bell. His parents died when he was but two years old, leaving 
him to the care of friends, who reared him in the country until 1837, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 831 

when, at the age of fourteen, he came to Missouri. In 1838 he entered 
one of the schools at Booneville, Missouri. In 1830 he was clerk in a dr}' 
goods store in Clinton, Missouri, and worked for several firms in this 
capacity. In the year 1814 he was married to Mary N., daughter of 
Judge R. E. McDaniel, of Saline county, Missouri, and settled five miles 
east of Miami, on a farm; and in the autumn of 1816, he united with the 
Baptist Church, at Bethel, in Saline county. He soon began to speak in 
public after entering the church, and in 181:8 was licensed by the Bethel 
Church to preach, and in 1850 he was ordained. Very soon after his 
ordination he was called to the pastoral charge of the First Baptist 
Church in Miami, and in a short time, also to the pastoral charge of the 
Bethel Church, remaining pastor of these two churches until 1858. In 
1858 he resig;ned his pastoral care, and became agent for the board of 
ministerial education of the William Jewel College, and in five months 
raised $10,000 in cash and bonds. Constituted a church in Arrow Rock, 
in 1851. Was for some years pastor of Good Hope Church. In 1860, 
assisted by A. P. Williams, he constituted the Union Church, and became 
its pastor, and, wdth brief intervals, has continued its pastor to the present 
day. Was three years pastor of the church in Marshall, and for a short 
period pastor of the Fish Creek Church. 

DR. J. N. DUNLAP, physician and surgeon, P. O., Miami. Dr. 
Dunlap was born on the 29th of July, 1822, in Staunton, Augusta county, 
Virginia, and is the son of John and Isabella A. Dunlap. He was mostly 
reared in the town, and his education received in the Staunton academy. 
At the age of sixteen he began to read medicine in a private office, where 
he continued until twenty years of age, when he entered the medical 
department of the university of Virginia, from which he graduated at the 
completion of his course. In 1843 he commenced the practice of medi- 
cine in Greenbriar county, Virginia; but in October, 1844, he removed to 
Miami, Saline county, Missouri, where he began the practice of his pro- 
fession. At the breaking out of the war with Mexico in 1846, he volun- 
teered in company K, Second regiment, Missouri volunteers, and was 
present at the seige of Taos, and in several skirmishes in New Mexico. 
In March, 1847, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the regiment, 
which position he filled until honorably discharged at Fort Leavenworth, 
October, 1847. He then returned to Miami, and resumed his practice, 
and remained there until 1857, when he moved to Rockport, Atchison 
county, Missouri, and tried merchandising, remaining there about fifteen 
months, when he returned to Miami, a poorer but a wiser man. He 
resumed his practice again, and continued there until 1860, when he 
removed to Arrow Rock, in this county, to practice medicine, and contin- 
ued there until 1864, when be became tired of being between two fires, 
and struck out for Canada. Returned in March, 1865 to Saline county, 



832 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and resumed his profession, first in Arrow Rock, and later in Miami, 
where he has remained ever since. The results of the war left him once 
more bankrupt, but by hard work and good management, he has again 
accumulated a fair competency. During all his life he has enjoxed the 
confidence of the people around him, and has always been very successful 
in the practice of his profession. In May, 1850, he was married to Miss 
Sarah M. Brown, and to this union were born: Sarah J., Edmund J. and 
John A. His wife died June, 1S57. His second wife. Miss Maria A. 
Mitchell, is still living. Mary M., William E., Arthur H. and Robert R., 
are the fruit of his last marriage. The doctor is a great reader, and of 
late years has turned his attention to geology, botany and archaeology, 
and has a fine cabinet of geological specimens. 

HENRY FERRIL, pioneer. This early pioneer was one of the first 
settlers in the county of Saline. He was born in Kentucky, Januarv 27, 
1794, and lived there until he had reached the age of fourteen, when in 
1808, he moved to Missouri, and to Saline county in 1818. He settled in 
the Miami bottom, two miles from Miami. January 28, 1819, he mar- 
ried Martha Jones. He established the Miami ferry, and located the 
present town of Miami, and was its first president. Died in 1854. Quite 
a number of his descendants are now living in Saline county. 

JUDGE JESSE J. FERRIL, cabinet maker. Is the oldest son of 
Henry and Martha Ferril, and was born near Miami, January 1,1822. 
He was raised on the farm until the age of fourteen, when he took charge 
of his father's ferr}-, remaining in charge until he was twenty-one years 
of age. Was educated in the subscription schools of his neighborhood. 
While working at the ferry during, the winter months, he learned the 
trade of wheelwright, and in 1845 opened a shop and worked at his trade, 
and cabinet makinof. Also burnt brick kilns durinsf the summer seasons. 
In early da3^s he made spinning-wheels, wooden sausage-grinders, and 
broom-corn headers, and to-day owns the only cabinet shop in Miami. 
He was married, October 15, 1857, to Miss Mary C. E. Goode, of Frank- 
lin county, Missouri. During the war he was a member of the state 
militia, and at the end of three months, was elected county judge, and 
thereafter excused from militarv duty. He held the office from 1862 
to 1866. He has been notary public for fourteen years, and mayor of the 
town of Miami ever since 1866. He has been a member of the Board 
of Education of his town for three years past, and has always been earn- 
est and liberal in educational matters. Lost heavily by security debts 
which he was compelled to pay, on account of the disasters of the war. 
Owns several lots in town, besides his residence and business house. 

AUGUST ROYER, Jr., P. O., Miami. Is the son of August and 
Elizabeth Roj'^er, and was born in St. Louis, June 4, 1849. When August 
was about two years of age, his father moved to Miami, in Saline county, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 83S 

Missouri, there located in business, and there the subject of this sketch 
was reared, and educated in the Miami academy. In June, 1874, 
August was married to Miss Josephine Dill, and to this union 
were born Gussie and Elizabeth, both Hving. Mrs. Royer died 
February 3d, 1880. August Royer is a member of the Episcopal 
Church, is a Master Mason, and a member of the I. O. O. F., and 
is also a member of the Good Templars. Mr. Rover was raised to 
his business, and is one of the live men of Miami, enjoys the confidence of 
the citizens, and has a large trade. He believes in using printer's ink, as 
do all successful business men, and has been largely successfuT in his busi- 
ness. He advertises extensively, but with great judgment, changing his 
advertisements every week, and advertising has paid him well, as it 
always does when judiciously applied. Mr. Royer is a member of the 
city council of Miami, and is also a director of the Saline county A. and M. 
association. 

LUTHER J. H AMNER, banker, P. O., Miami. Is the cashier of the 
Miami Savings Bank, in Miami, Saline county, Missouri. He was born 
in Buckingham county, Virginia, April 3, 18-14, where he was reared on a 
plantation. At the age of sixteen, he entered the University of Virginia, 
but in 1862, when but seventeen 3'ears of age, he volunteered in the south- 
ern arm}-, and was made second lieutenant in company I, 49th regiment Vir- 
ginia infantr}^, of which regiment ex-Governor Billy Smith was colonel. 
In 1863 he was promoted to first lieutenant, and was acting adjutant of the 
regiment the last two years of the war. He was wounded in the neck at 
Fair Oaks, April, 1862, and at Hatch's' Run in February, 1865, in both 
thighs. He was in the seven days fight around Richmond, at Williams- 
burg, and at all the subsequent battles of Lee, Jackson, and Early, except 
Antietam, and was at the final surrender at Appomattox court house. 
After the war closed, he moved, first to Union county, Kentucky, where 
he taught school for eighteen months, and then moved to Saline countv, 
Missouri, and located in Miami. Soon after, he entered the private bank 
of James H. Eakin, as a clerk. In eighteen months he became a partner 
with Mr. Eakin, and remained so until the bank changed hands, and was 
reorganized in 1873, becoming the Miami Savings Bank, when he was 
elected cashier, and has retained that position ever since. In December, 
1873, he married Miss Bettie O'Bannon, and to them has been born, Sallie 
C, and twins, Lizzie S., and Riva Sue. Is a chapter member of A. F. & 
A. M., and has been twice master of the lodge. 

WILLIAM H. WHEELER, P. O., Miami. The subject of this sketch 

is a son of one of the early settlers of this county, and was born in Miami 

township, December 23, 1839, and was educated at the Miami academv, 

but did not graduate, as the war came on and discontinued the school, 

.53 



834 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT'i'. 

In June, 1861, he enlisted in the Missouri state guards, company A, 2nd reg- 
iment, Parson's division, as second sergeant, and was discharged at the end 
of six months. He was at the battle of Lexington, Missouri. In October, 
1864, he enlisted in company H, Slayback's regiment, as orderly, and 
remained to the end of the war. Was in all the battles of the last invasion 
of Missouri by Price's army, besides many hard marches and running 
fights. The provision supply of the army was very meager, and for 
weeks he only ate bread once, living on beef, horse flesh, mule steak, roast- 
ing ears, elm bark, etc. Returned to Saline at the end of the war, and 
engaged in farming first, then teaching. Was principal of the Miami 
public schools two years. In 1880 he was elected to a position in the 
Miami Savings Bank, of which he is now a director, and secretary of 
the bank, and is devoting his whole time to the banking business. Mr. 
Wheeler was married January 23, 1867, to Miss Jennie E. Fishback; no 
children. He has been a member of the Baptist Church ever since 1855, 
and is church clerk and one of the deacons. He has held the office of 
justice of the peace two years, and has never had one of his decisions 
reversed by a higher court. 

HENRY BOYER, P. O., Miami. Was born in Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, on the 6th of February, 1838. When quite small, his parents 
moved to Frankfort, Kentucky, where he was raised and educated. He 
took a theologcal course under Rev. John N. Norton, D. D., with a view 
of entering the Episcopal ministry. His father was a prominent mer- 
chant in Frankfort, Kentucky, for a number of years, and died in 1846. 
In the spring of 1857 Henry entered the dry goods house of W. C. 
Charles, of Frankfort, Kentucky, as a salesman. In the autumn of 1860 
he moved to Marshall, Saline county, Missouri, and in connection with 
W. R. Samuel, established a dry goods house under the firm name of 
Boyer & Samuel. He continued there until driven away in 1864. 
Losing pretty much all his property by the war, he returned to Ken- 
tucky, and located in the town of Milton. In the fall of 1865 he returned 
to Saline county, and settled in Miami, and there began again the dry 
goods business. In 1866 he formed a co-partnership with Judge R. E. 
McDaniel. At the death of Judge McDanielj Mr. Boyer bought out the 
interest of the heirs, and continued business alone, until February of the 
present year, 1881, when he sold out and retired, on account of failing 
health, having built up a heavy trade, some years reaching as high as 
$60,000. He stood at the head of the dry goods business in Miami, if 
not in the county, and has accumulated a handsome fortune. On the 
30th of November, 1860, he married Miss Hettie Fall, daughter of Dr. 
James S. Fall, of New Orleans. Mr. Boyer has four living children: 
Harry, Nettie, George and Emma. He is a prominent member of the 
Baptist Church, and is also superintendent of the Sunday school. He is 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 835 

a member of A. O. U. W., and has also been connected with the city 
government and school board. 

JACOB BURNS. Mr. Burns, of the firm of Burns & Son, Miami, Mis- 
souri, was born in Switzerland, May 15, 1832. When Jacob was only 
nine months old, his parents came to America, and settled in Lancaster, 
Ohio. In 1844, they moved to Brunswick, Missouri, and in 1854, located 
at Miami in Saline county. He never had but six weeks schooling, but 
has employed his leisure hours in study. On the 30th of March, 1856, 
he was married to Miss Ruth A. Clemmens, by whom he has five children 
living, and one dead: M. L., Jesse A., Edith B., Wilber E. and Iowa. 
Mrs. Burns died in December, 1873; he was married again May, 1874, to 
Miss Mary S. Hall. Mr. Burns is a member of the M. E, Church, South, 
and of I. O. O. F. In 1864, he volunteered in Jo. Shelby's command, and 
was afterwards transferred to another command, and was out nine months. 
At twenty years of age he begun the trade of blacksmith and followed it 
three years. He then tried the tinner's trade, which he has followed ever 
since. The war left him nearly ruined, but he has now got his affairs in 
good shape. 

HON. B. F. McDANIEL, attorney at law, P. O., Miami. Was 
born July 12, 1849, in Miami township, Saline county, Missouri, and was 
reared on his fathers farm. The early part of his education was received 
in subscription schools. He was a matriculant in Huntsville College in 
1864, when he enlisted, at 'the age of fifteen, in Price's Confederate arm}-, 
then passing through the state. He served until April, 1865, when he 
was transferred to the navy, but was captured near New Orleans while 
running the blockade, and was a prisoner until June, 1865, when he was 
released on parole, and returned to Saline county. He returned to Hunts- 
ville College for one term, and afterwards attended the Baptist College, 
Georgetown, Kentucky. In the winter of 1868, he taught school, and in 
1870, attended the University of Virginia, and graduated in the law 
department of that renowned institution. Returning to Saline county he 
commenced the practice of law in the town of Miami. In 1876, he was 
elected by his (the second) district a representative in the state legislature, 
to which office he was re-elected in 1878. In the Democratic congres- 
sional convention of the eleventh district, 1880, he received the solid vote 
of Saline county for the nomination, but was beaten by General Clark. 
Mr. McDaniel was married August 30, 1871, to Martha W. Brown, of 
Miami. In 1879, was chairman of the house committee on revision, and 
one of the two members of the house that revised the statutes of the 
state. 

CAPT. GEORGE BURRUSS, of Burruss Bros., P. O., Miami. Capt. 
Burruss is a sailor, and was born in San Antonia, Texas, April 19, 1850, 
where he was raised on a ranch. At the age of seventeen, he came north 



836 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

with stock; first ponies, which they retailed in Missouri, Iowa and Illinois, 
and then cattle, which they fed and shipped. He continued in this busi- 
ness for three years. They then bought the ferry at Miami, Missouri, 
1868, and he went on the ferr3-boat as engineer. In 1870, he was made 
master, or captain, which position he occupied until 1877, when he was 
chosen captain of the A. C. Bird, and commanded her until she sunk in 
1880. Capt. Burruss is a chapter member of A. F. & A. M., and also a 
member of A. O. U. W. He is a single man, and may need a "mate" on 
his next trip. He is a modest and deserving gentleman. 

DR. GEO. G. DUGGINS, physician and surgeon, P. O., Miami. 
Dr. G. G. Duggins was born in Saline county, near Arrow Rock, 
December 7, 1840. His father was a merchant, near Cambridge, where 
George was raised, and where he received his early education. At the 
age of sixteen, he entered the office of Dr. Alexander and began the 
study of medicine. He read medicine about seven years. In 1861 he 
entered the medical department of the Missouri state guard, and in 1862, 
entered the Confederate service. He was on duty at the Ft. Smith hos- 
pital, Arkansas. In 1863 he was examined, and appointed first surgeon, 
Scantlon's squadron, and later was made brigade surgeon. At the close 
of the war he attended the St. Louis medical college, and graduated from 
there in the spring of 1866. He first located at Ft. Leavenworth, but his 
abilities were not appreciated there, and he returned to Saline count}', and 
began to practice near Petra. In 1874 he moved to Miami, where he has 
since remained. In December, 1871, he was married to Miss Dora 
Kirby, of Carrollton, Missouri, and has three children: Dais}', George, 
and Theodosia, all living. He is a Master Mason; and has been very sue-, 
cessful in his practice, both professionally and financially. 

CHARLES G. BRUCE, P. O., Miami. The subject of this sketch 
was born in Caroline county, Virginia, September 9, 1828. He was raised 
principally in Fredericksburg, Virginia, When about nine years of age 
his father died, without property, and upon Charles, the eldest, of course 
devolved the support of the family, as soon as he was old enough to 
work. At the age of fourteen he was bound out as apprentice to the 
trade of carriage making until he was twenty-one years of age. He 
gained his education by attending school at nights. He had been support- 
ing his mother and sisters for four years when he moved west to Platte 
City, Missouri, and located, and shortly after, to Independence, Missouri, 
where he remained eighteen months. He then moved to Miami, Mis- 
souri, and began business for himself. Except during the war, he has 
remained at Miami ever since. April J 7, 1859, he married Miss Lucy A. 
Hogan, by whom he has eight children, six daughters and two sons, of 
whom all are living, except one son. He is a member of the M. E. 
Church South, and is a Past Grand of I. O. O. F. Early in 1861 he 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 837 

enlisted as first lieutenant, commanding in Missouri state guards, and 
drilled the first officers of the county, as he had been a member of the 
Fredericksburg guards for four years, and knew something of military 
drill. At the battle of Lexington he commanded his company, and then 
returned home sick, where he remained about eight months. He then 
enlisted in Jo. Shelby's command, in which he was orderly for a long time. 
He was out until the close of the war. Was in twenty-seven battles 
where artillery was used, and never received a scratch. At the close of 
the war he owned $1.50 and owed $8(M), with his constitution badly dam- 
aged. But, by his indomitable energy and pluck and industry, has 
restored his business, and is now proprietor of the Miami Bruce Carriage 
Works. 

WILLIAM O. BURGESS, P. O., Miami. Was born in Frederick 
county, Virginia, January 28, 1832. His father was a miller, and his son 
began at an early age to learn his father's trade. His education was from 
the common country schools in Virginia. In 1857 he moved to Miami, 
Saline county, Missouri, where he has ever since been engaged in his 
trade. In May, 1866, he married Miss Eliza J. Bell, by whom he has 
three children: Martha B., Ann M. and Francis W., all living. In April, 
1861, he enlisted in Price's command, and was captured in the Blackwater 
surrender, December, 1861. He remained nine months a prisoner in 
Alton, Illinois, when he was exchanged, and sent to Vicksburg, and served 
during the remainder of the war in Louisiana and Arkansas. The war 
broke him up pecuniarily, but he soon got upon his feet again, and is now 
Sk member of the firm of Guthrey & Co., proprietors of the Miami mills. 

GEORGE J. HAHN, P. O., Miami. Was born in Rockingham 
county, Virginia, on the 10th of February, 1847, and is of German 
descent. He was raised on a farm, received first a country school educa- 
tion and then an academic course. In 1869 he left Virginia, and came to 
Miami, Saline county, and remained there until 1872, when he returned 
to Virginia, and remained one year. He then returned to Miami, and 
remained until 1879. Spent the year 1880 in traveling, and has now just 
purchased, with Mr. Taylor, the leading dry goods establishment in 
Miami. In 1880 he was married to Miss Eva Saufley, of Miami. He is 
a member of the M. E. Church South, and is connected with the church 
Sunday school. In 1864 he enlisted in the Confederate army, and was 
out about one year, when the war closed. He was wounded in the neck 
at Piedmont. He is now the junior member of the drj- goods firm of 
Taylor & Hahn. 

AUGUST ROYAR, Sr., grocery merchant, P. O., Miami. Was 
born in Bavaria, Germany, August 28, 1828. He was raised in the cit}- 
of Zivri Brucken, Bavaria, and received a good German and a fair Eng- 
lish education. He learned the shoemaker's trade, and worked at it in 



S38 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

the old country. When twenty years of age he crossed the ocean, 
amid very heavy storms, being ninety-one days on the water, landing at 
New York. From New York he came to St. Louis, where he remained 
one year, working at his trade. In October, 1849, he came to Miami, 
and worked at his trade until he was taken sick, and continued unable to 
work for two years. He then abandoned his trade and established a gro- 
cer}^ store, in which business he has continued for twent3'-five years. In 
1848, just before leaving Europe, he married Miss Elizabeth Kaer, by 
whom he had two sons and one daughter. His wife dying in 1856, he 
was married again in 1857, to Miss Cresenze Hert, by whom he has had 
twelve children, nine of them still living. He is a member of I. O. O. F. 
Mr. Ro\^ar has served in two armies — first, in the German army three 
years during one of the French revolutions; and as a memento of this ser- 
vice he carries two sabre scars on his left hand. Second, one day during 
the war his trade was so good that he had literally nothing left; so he left, 
and volunteered under the Federal flag, in 1864. He was in the battles of 
Glasgow, Lone Jack, and Lexington. He has been a very successful 
business man, and has made a great deal of mone}- since the war. 

MILLARD F. LEMMON, miller, P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch, a member of the firm of Smith & Lemmon, millers, Miami, was 
born in Grant county, Kentucky, September 19, 1857, where he was 
raised, and received a public school education. In 1875 he came to Miami 
township and engaged in farming and stock-feeding and shipping. He is 
a son of B. F. L^^mmon, also of this county. In 1881 he purchased an 
interest in the People's mill in Miami, and is one of its present proprietors* 
Though a young man, Mr. Lemmon is both energetic and enterprising, 
and is a valuable addition to the business men of Miami. 

JOHN D. SNELLING, farmer and constable, Miami. Was born in 
Miami township, December '.^2, 1844; was raised on a farm, and edu- 
cated in the countr}^ schools of the day. In the summer of 1863 he was 
impressed into the state service, and served about three months, when he 
was discharged. In the autumn of 1864 he joined Jo. Shelby's command, 
and after active service to the end was discharged at Shreveport, Louisi- 
ana, in 1865. He returned to the farm, and continued farming until 1867, 
when he went to California, where he remained until 1870, and then 
returned to Saline county. In a year he went back to California, and 
remained until 1878, farming. He then once more returned to Saline, 
and has remained here since. In 1880 he was elected constable of Miami 
township. Mr. Snelling is a Master Mason, and is still a single man 
without a single "bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh." 

ISAAC MYERS, P. O., Miami. Was born in Rockingham county, 
Virginia, Januar\' 29, 1828. His father was a farmer, and he was raised 
on a farm. In 1840 his father moved to Augusta county, Virginia, where 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 839 

he remained until 18B8, and received a common school education. In 1848 
he began his apprenticeship at the carpenter trade, and worked on the 
Universit}' of Virginia. May, 13, 1861, he enlisted as a private in a 
Confederate cavalry brigade, and served one year as a soldier, and during 
the balance of the war was on detail duty in the government shops. He 
lost in the war all the property he had accumulated, and at its close began ' 
anew to build up his broken fortunes. He worked at his trade in Miami, 
and built many of the best buildings of the town. He was contractor of 
the public school building, the mill, and several brick blocks. In 1874 he 
became a member of the firm of Guthrey & Co., proprietors of the 
Miami mills. In September, 1852, he was married to Miss Margaret A, 
Whitmer, and has nine children, two of whom are deceased. Mr. M3'^ers 
is a member of O. S. Presbyterian Church. Has been a member of the 
school board and of the city government, and since coming west has 
been a successful business man. 

R. S. ROBERTSON, P. O., Miami. Mr. R. S. Robertson, of the 
firm of Robertson Bros. & Company, Miami, Missouri, was born one 
mile and a half south of Miami, March 7, 1857. He was raised on a 
farm and was educated at the Kirksville Normal School, and at the Glas- 
gow Normal School, in Barren county, Kentucky. He farmed in Saline 
county until 1880, when he moved into Miami and purchased an interest 
in a liver}?^ and shipping business. In June, 1879, he was married to Miss 
LoUie Purcell, and is a member of the Christian Church, is also a Mason 
and a member of the A. O. U. W. He has charge of the shipping 
department of the firm, is a shrew^d business man and an excellent judge 
of horseflesh. 

NICHOLAS O. SMITH, miller, P. O., Miami. Nicholas O. Smith, 
of the firm of Smith & Lemmon, Miami, Missouri, was born in Saline 
county, Januar}^ 25, 1843. He w^as raised in the county and educated in 
the Miami Male Institute, graduating in 1860. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
southern army, and was out until 1863. He then went to Kentucky, 
where he remained until 1870, clerking in a dry goods house. In 1870 he 
returned to Saline, where he has since made his home. He has been 
engaged m the dry goods business, general commission business, farming, 
etc. In 1881 he purchased an interest in the People's Mill, Miami. He 
is an excellent engineer, having had experience in both steamboating and 
railroading. On the 28th of June, 1866, he was married to Miss Sophro- 
nia C. O'Bannon, of Kentucky, by w^hom he had five children: Robert, 
Warren, AUie and Bettie, living, and one son dead. Is a member of I. 
O. O. F. The war destroyed his father's estate and what he has, he has 
made by his ow'n industry. 

WILLIAM BISHOP, tailor, P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, May 16, 1830, and raised 



-840 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

and educated at the county seat. He learned the tailor's trade there, com- 
mencing in 1848. In 1853 he left there and traveled considerably over the 
west and southwest. In 1858 he came to Saline county, and settled in 
Miami, which has since been his home. In December, 1859, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Bettie Kaer, and to them were born six children: Rosa, 
'Willie, Marsh B., Dais}- and Joseph W., all living, and one daughter dead. 
In the spring of 1861 he entered the first company of state guards raised 
in Saline, and was out one year. He was wounded in the thigh at Wil- 
son's Creek. Re-enlisted in 1862, but was discharged October, 1862,„on 
account of failing health. He is doing well but talks of changing his 
business for that of livery. 

HENRY C. SMITH, P. O., Miami. Of the firm of Smith & Jackson, 
Miami, was born in Henry county, Kentucky, October 30, 1850, was 
raised on a farm, being educated in the country schools. In 1869 he went 
to California, where he remained until 1872, returned to Kentucky for one 
year, and returned to California, where he stayed until 1878, and then once 
more returned to Kentucky, where he remained until 1880, engaged in 
the dairy business. In 1880 he came to Miami, and in 1881 entered into 
the grocery and queensware business, in the firm name of Smith & Jack- 
son. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and is 
also a bachelor. 

MILTON L. BURNS, tinner, P. O., Miami. Of the firm of Burns 
& Son, Miami, was born in Miami, June 30, 1857, where he was reared 
and educated, and learned his trade of tinner. Mr. Burns has made 
Miami his home always, and is now engaged with his father in the hard- 
w^are and tinning business. He is an excellent workman, and is fast build- 
ing up a number one business reputation. He is a member of the Order 
of Good Templars. 

ALBERT P. BISHOP, jeweler, P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Franklin, Johnson county, Indiana, March 6, 1857, 
where he was raised, and graduated at the high school. His father was 
a jeweler before him, and the son adopted his father's trade, and began to 
learn it at the age of twelve years, and except when at school and three 
years traveling for a Cincinnati wholesale house, has been engaged in it 
ever since. In October, 1878, he came to Saline county, dead broke, and 
located in Miami, and by close application to business, has built up a good 
trade, and is carrying about $3,000 stock. He is a good workman, and 
having the advantage of a wholesale and retail experience is sure to 
succeed. 

JOSEPH B. STOCKTON. Was born in Metcalf county, Ken- 
tucky, February 20, 1835, where he was raised. In 1852 he moved to 
Miami, Missouri, coming by steamboat from Louisville. He was mostly 
educated at the Miami Male Institute. This has been his home since 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 841 

and except during the war, he has been steadily engaged in farming until 
1872. Mr. Stockton ran the station hack and mail line for some years, 
in which he gave great satisfaction. Since October, 188U, he has been 
deputy-postmaster, and dots the entire business of the office. He didn't 
marry anybody, but is an "old bach." In 18()1 he enlisted in company 
G, 9th Missouri. Surrendered at Blackwater, the second day out. He 
graduated from the McDowell Medical College prison, and the Alton 
penitentiaiy, in nine months, by exchange. Was sent to Vicksburg. 
Ht[^ was in one heavy battle, and in many skirmishes. Nearly all his reg- 
iment showed bullet marks after the battle. While attending school he 
was accidentally shot in the left leg, which has caused lameness ever 
since. He was on the steamer A. C. Bird, as steward, for several years, 
and was on her when she sank. He has large land interest in Tennessee. 
AUGUSTUS RALPH EDMONDS, druggist, P. O., Miami. The 
subject of this sketch is of Welsh descent, and was born in Lancaster 
county, V^irginia, September 10, 181:4, and is the son of Elias B. and 
Malana J. Edmonds. His father was a practicing physician of recognized 
ability, and also occupied a prominent position in the politics of his time, 
several times representing the counties of Lancaster and Northumberland 
in the general assembly of the state. Under these influej^ces surrounding 
him, the subject of this sketch was raised in the village of Kilmarnock, on 
the Chesapeake bay. At the age of sixteen he entered college, having no 
higher ambition than to fill the position occupied by his father. He prose- 
cuted the study of medicine until the beginning of the war. When the Old 
Dominion sounded her tocsin notes of war her sons from far and near 
responded to the call, and among them was young Edmonds, who, 
though exempt from military duty by his youth, volunteered in company 
D, 9th Virginia cavalry, and served under Gens. J. E. B. Stuart and 
Hampton until the war closed. Returning to what was once a peaceful 
and happy home, he found that the ruthless hand of war had been laid 
upon the place of his nativity, his home in ashes, old associations broken 
up and destroyed, and it devolved upon him to care for those who were 
left unprotected. After a few years' effort in this direction, like many 
others, he sought another home in the west. In March, 1867, he landed 
in Miami. After serving in the capacitv of drug clerk for three years, he 
formed a copartnership in the drug business with Dr. J. N. Dunlap. After 
several years of pleasant business and social relations, the doctor's interest 
was purchased, and since that time the business has been conducted under 
the firm name of A. R. Edmonds. On the 2d day of Februar}^, 1871, Mr. 
Edmonds was united in marriage to Miss Annie J. Saufley, daughter of 
J. A. and M. J. Saufley, of Miami. To them have been born five chil- 
dren: Janie, Gussie, Ralph, Raymond, and Chubbie. 



842 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

JUDGE JAMES S. GUTHREY, P. O., Miami. Son of John and 
Elizabeth Guthrey, and a brother of John G. Guthrey, of Miami; was 
born September 22, 1812, in Cumberland county, Virginia, where he was 
raised and educated — there and in Buckingham count}^, Virginia. At the 
age of seventeen he quit school, and entered a grocery store as salesman, 
in Manchester, Virginia. From there he went to " Half-Way House," as 
bar-keeper and postmaster. He soon abandoned this, and, returning 
home, worked for a while at the wheel-wright trade. Quitting this he 
entered a dry goods store as salesman, in Amelia county, Virginia. One 
year after, returned home, and took charge of his father's farm where he 
remained two years. In the autumn of 1835 he came to Saline county, 
Missouri, alone and on horseback. At first he taught school in Jones- 
boro. He was then employed by Claiborne F. Jackson to travel as agent 
for the Sappington Pill Company, traveling mostly in the south. In 
August, 1837, he was married to Miss Helen, daughter of William Brown. 
Mrs. Guthrey died in March, 1874, and to this union was born ten chil- 
dren, eight of whom — Ann E., Virginia M., Patrick H., John W., 
Rebecca S., Martha H., Caroline H., and James — are now living. Soon 
after his marriage Mr. Guthrey purchased the mercantile stock of Jack- 
son & Miller, and pursued the business in Arrow Rock. Two years later 
he sold out, and went to farming, in which he has been engaged ever 
since. Since 1836 Mr. Guthrey has been a consistent member of the 
Methodist Church South, and during the long time that has intervened, 
has seen man}- changes pass over Saline county. During the decade of 
forty he was elected and served as judge of the county court. Was jus- 
tice of the peace at the beginning of the war, but gave it up when the 
Gamble government came in. He was a southern man, and lost all he 
had. During the latter part of the war he went to Nebraska, and 
remained there two years. 

JOHN F. WEBSTER, merchant, P. O., Miami. Was born in Charles- 
town, Jefferson county. West Virginia, September 16, 1842, where he was 
raised and received his education. When fourteen years old he entered a 
dry goods store as salesman and so continued until the war broke out. 
In March, 1862, he enlisted in compan}- A, 2d Virginia, Stonewall brigade, 
and served until the end at Appomattox. Was in all Jackson's famous 
battles in the valle}-. Strange to say, he was never wounded or taken 
prisoner, and was always ready for duty. At the close of the war he 
returned as salesman to the same dry goods store which he left, and 
remained there until 1867, when he came west, to Miami, in this county, 
and clerked for eighteen months, and then went into business with Wil- 
liam S. Brown. In 1872 the firm changed to its present style, Webster & 
Irvine. They are doing their full share of the business. On the 25th of 
November, 1SC)S, Mr. Webster was married to Miss Ellis M. Brown, by 



f 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 843 

whom he has three children, all living. Mrs. Webster died May 27, 1876. 
In 1877 he was married the second time, to Miss Nora E. Brown. Mr. 
Webster is a member of the Old School Presbyterian Church, and one 
of its deacons, and is a Master Mason. He came west with nothing, and 
now has a good business and is doing well. 

CHARLES E. MARSHALL, merchant, P. O., Miami. The sub- 
ject of this sketch was born in Boone county, Kentucky, July 21, 1849. 
When about ten years old his father moved to Carroll county, Missouri, 
and remained until 1866, when he removed to Miami. In 1867 Charlie 
entered the dry goods house of John P. Scott as salesman, where he 
remained until 1876. He then started in business for himself at Malta 
Bend, and continued it for about one year, when he abandoned the enter- 
prise and took a position as salesman in the dry goods house of Henry 
Boyer, Miami, where he has since remained. In December, 1872, he 
married to Miss Leola L. Brown, daughter of W. S. Brown, and to them 
were born Essie B. and Edwin H., both living, and Mattie H., dead. Mrs. 
Marshall died May 8, 1880. Mr. Marshall is a member of the Baptist 
Church, is a Master Mason, and is also a member of the A. O. U. W. 

STEPHEN BISHOP, farmer, P. O., Miami. Was born in Saxony, 
Germany, near Coberg, March 14, 1844. His father died when Stephen 
was but six years old, and in 1853 his mother crossed the ocean to Amer- 
ica with her family, and came first to Booneville, Missouri. Being the 
eldest son, Stephen had to work at anything he could get to do. In spite 
of these drawbacks, he obtained a fair education. In 18.57 he came to 
Saline county, and has lived here ever since. In June, 1861, he enlisted, 
and served six months in the Missouri state guards, and then enlisted in 
the Confederate army, company I, 3d regiment, Missouri infantry, in 
which he continued until the war closed, participating in some of the 
heaviest battles west of the river. Was wounded at Champion Hill and 
Pea Ridge; was at Shiloh and Corinth; captured at Vicksburg, and 
exchanged; surrendered at Shreveport in 1865. There were seven Saline 
men in his company, all but two of whom (himself and another) were killed 
in action, and they were both wounded. After the war he engaged in 
business in Miami, and then moved to his farm, where he now lives. 
December 1, 187t» he married Miss Mattie Eyers. They have had five 
children, four of whom are living: Henry, George, William E., and Josie. 

HON. ISAAC SEWELL PARSONS, P. O., Miami. The Hon. 
I. S. Parsons was born on the 12th of October, 1825, in Oxford county, 
Maine. He is the son of Henry R., who was the son of William, who was 
the son of William, who was the son of John, who was the son of John, 
who was the son of Jeffrie, who came to America from England in 1620, 
and settled in Plymouth colony. From Jeffrie down the line, is the great 
chief-justice of Massachusetts and author of " Parsons on Contracts." 



844 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Mr., Parsons was raised in Paris, Maine, his father bein|( a manufacturer 
of woolen goods and a farmer, and when not at school the son was assist- 
ing in the business. He received his academic course at Hebron academy, 
at which were educated Hannibal Hamlin, President Pierce and Prof. 
Swallow. Mr. Parsons taught several terms at the same school which 
President Pierce had also taught, and also taught near Boston, Massachu- 
setts. In 1848, Mr. Parsons came to Saline county, Missouri, and located 
on his present farm near Miami, where he has ever since made his home. 
On May 29, 1851, he was married at Paris, Maine, to his early love and 
schoolmate. Miss Kate Hill; to them has been born: Flora J., F. Ella, 
Bettie K., Emma L. and Anna M. ; all living, except Miss Ella, who died 
at school in Warrensburg, Missouri, March, 1881. Mr. Parsons is an 
earnest granger, and for some years has been master of the Saline county 
grange. In 1859, he was a candidate for representative of Saline county, 
and was only defeated by one vote. In 1876, he was elected to the state 
senate from this, the nineteenth senatorial district, serving^four years, and 
during both sessions was chairman of the committee on enrollments; 
he was also a member of the committee on emigration. He was a 
very hard working member of the general assembly, and stood high 
in the senate. At the close of each session, the senate passed him a 
vote of thanks for his careful and laborious work in the committee. See 
senate journal, 30th general assembly, page 988. In December, 1862, he 
enlisted in the Confederate army, in the command which was captured at 
the Blackwater, on the second day out. But his Yankee shrewdness 
saved him from capture. He ran a little ways out, and laid down in the 
high grass, and thus escaped. He enlisted again in 1864, and was made 
first lieutenant, and was with General Price in his retreat to Louisiana, 
and was ranking officer, surrendering his regiment at Shreveport. 

ROBERT PARRISH, grain dealer, P. O., Miami. Robert Parrish, 
of the firm of Parrish Bros., Miami, Missouri, was born in Marion county, 
Missouri, September 23, 1837, where he was raised on a farm, and was 
educated at Philadelphia Academy in the same county. He was engaged 
in farming at the breaking out of the war, and in June, 1861, entered the 
Confederate army. In 1863 he was captured at Helena, Arkansas, and 
taken to the Alton, Illinois, prison, where he was kept eight months, and 
then taken to Ft. Delaware, where he remained twelve months, and was 
then exchanged and sent to Richmond, Virginia. He enlisted as a pri- 
vate, and was discharged as a first lieutenant. At the end of the war he 
returned to Marion county, and shortly after to Knox, where he remained 
until 1868, engaged in stock and grain trade. He then came to Saline 
county, Missouri, and engaged in farming until 1870, when he went into 
the stock trade and continued it four years. He then came to Miami, 
and engaged in the grain business, in which he is still engaged. His 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 845 

house, of Parrish Bros., ships the largest half of the grain shipped from 
Miami. In November, 1875, Mr. Parrish was married to Miss Mary E. 
Taylor, daughter of John J. Taylor, of Shelby county, Missouri, by 
whom he has three children, all living. He is a careful, but very active, 
business man, and is one of the stand-bys of Miami. The war left him 
penniless, but by active industry and business habits, he has made a com- 
petency. 

JOHN H. McDANIEL. Is a son of Judge R. E. and Delia McDan- 
iel, and was born in Caroline county, Virginia, July 31, 1838. In 1842 
his father moved the family to Cooper county, Missouri, and in 1844 to 
Saline county, where John was raised on a farm. He finished his educa- 
tion in Columbia College, Washington City. Returning home in 1859, 
he commenced the grocery business in Miami. He soon disposed of his 
grocery, and early in 1861 volunteered in the M. S. G., and was in all 
Price's battles of 1861. In December, 1861, he was third lieutenant in 
Capt. Ruxton's company, in Robinson's recruits, and with all the rest was 
captured at Blackwater, and imprisoned first in St. Louis, then in the 
Alton penitentiary. From the penitentiary he escaped in the following 
manner: Some of his fellow prisoners and messmates had taken the 
oath of loyalty, and were to be passed out by the guard. Stationing 
himself near the guard, Mr. McDaniel secretly and deftly abstracted the 
certificate of one of his fi-iends fi-om his pocket, after the guard had 
passed him, and after it had been inspected and carelessly stuck in his 
pocket by the soldier; he then re1?urned to his quarters for a short time, 
and came down prepared to go. On presenting the stolen certificate, the 
officer on guard, as soon as he read the name, exclaimed, "you have been 
here before." ''Yes: but I left some baggage, and returned for it, and 
thought perhaps you would not recognize me," said McDaniel. "Pass 
out this man," was the order, and John was free. Returning home to Saline 
he was confined there with sickness for over six weeks. He then struck 
for Dixie via St. Louis, Cincinnati and Canada, crossing the lines on 
Chesapeake bay. On the 12th of October, 1863, he was again captured, 
and taken to St. Louis, where he was recognized by the prison officials. 
He tried again to escape, but, though he was not caught in the act, had 
to wear a ball and chain for several months, which came near crippling 
him for life. From St. Louis he was again transferred to Alton. Soon 
afterward, the officers of the prison called for volunteers from the prison, 
to help whitewash some buildings, and putting on a citizen's coat, and 
passing the guard in broad daylight, John made his second escape. The 
war, however was soon over now, and at its c^ose he was made deputy- 
sheriff of Caddo parish, Louisiana. He returned home, and entered the 
dry goods business, under the firm of McDaniel & Boyer, in which he 
remained until 1870, when he sold out, and removed to the splendid farm 



846 HISTORV OF SALINE COUNTY. 

on which he now lives. January 11, 1870, Mr. McDaniel was married to 
Miss Claire Rucker, of Howard county, Missouri. Children : Rucker 
S., Noel P., Forest R., and Robert R., living, and one dead. 

CHARLES P. BONDURANT, farmer and merchant, P. O., Miami. 
Was born August 1.5, 1803, in Cumberland county, Virginia. His father 
died soon after his birth, and he was raised by an uncle, and chiefly in the 
country. He received a good business education. From his 26th year 
until 1837, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Virginia. In 1837 he 
came west and located in Saline county, near his present home, and has 
been engaged in farming ever since. When he came to Saline there were 
few inhabitants, and fewer still on the prairies, and he has seen many 
changes pass over the fair face of Saline. The tall green grass and the 
countless wild-flowers of the prairie, have all turned into waving corn and 
wheat, under his eye, and the little country postoffice has grown into the 
city, before him, with its church spires, its business houses, its public 
buildings and its handsome residences. In the awful storm that swept the 
continent from 1860 to 1865, he was a Union man, but a southern sympa- 
thizer. April 11, 1833, he was married to Miss Caroline E. Smith, and 
they have a fair prospect of celebrating their golden wedding. To them 
has been born Mary W., (Hays) Betty ^^Hughs), and Charles P., Jr., all 
living. Energy and pluck were all the capital Mr. Bondurant had when 
he started in life, and he has made all he has. In connection with Mr. 
Surbaugh, his son has recently erected a saw-mill with a capacity of 8,000 
feet per day, four miles northwest of Slater. 

JUDGE R. E. McDANIEL, merchant and farmer. Judge 
McDaniel, who during the latter years of his life, was one of Saline's 
most prominent citizens, was born near Dumfries, Prince William 
countv, Virginia, March 9, 1799. He lived in Virginia until 1841, when 
he moved west and settled in Booneville, where he carried on the mercan- 
tile business for several years. In 1844 he moved to Saline county and 
established two stores, one in Miami and one in Marshall, then but 
recently located. He superintended both establishments for several years. 
He had entered a large body of land, southeast of Miami, and on retiring 
from the mercantile business, he turned his attention to farming, and 
improved a large farm. At his death he possessed several thousand acres 
of first-class Saline county land. After becoming a citizen of Saline, he 
united himselt with the Bethel Church, having joined the Baptist Church 
long before leaving V^irginia. His business habits were excellent, his per- 
sonal integrity beyond question, and his disposition kind and generous in 
the extreme — and his benevolence extended to every class of his fellow 
citizens. In no sense was Judge McDaniel an office-seeker, but he held 
the office of county judge for a number of years. In 1858 the democ- 
racy of Saline nominated him as their candidate for representative, the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. S4:7 

whigs or know-nothings opposing him with William H. Letcher, then, as 
now, a resident of Marshall. The contest was an exciting one, and party 
lines were sharply drawn. Mr. Letcher was elected and Judge McDaniel 
defeated, but by a \^ery small majority. The personal popularity of both 
gentlemen made the race still more exciting. The war found Judge 
McDaniel, as he had always been, a straight, uncompromising states-rights 
southern democrat. For five years he was moderator in the Baptist 
General Association of Missouri, and always acquitted himself to the sat- 
isfaction of his brethren. He was always a consistent Christian. He 
died on the night of April 6, 1870, and his remains rest in the church-yard 
he loved so long and so well, and there, with others of his family, await 
the judgment day. He caught his death stroke riding home in a rain 
from Howard county, where he had been on a' charitable errand of assist- 
ing the indigent widow of his whilom warm friend and pastor, A. P. Wil- 
liams, D. D. Judge McDaniel was married three times. First, to Miss 
Delilah Priddy — his two last being sisters, Misses Delia and Jane Rich- 
ardson. He raised a family of eleven children, eight of whom are still 
living, and seven of them residents of Saline county: Reuben E., John 
H., Giles R. and Alex S. are well known farmers of Saline, while Marv N. 
is the wife of Rev. William M. Bell, of Miami; Flora E. is the widow of 
Quincy A. Thompson, and now lives in Liberty, Missouri; and Lucy is the 
wife of C. C. Ross, a prominent farmer of Miami township. 

REUBEN E. McDANIEL, farmer, P. O., Miami. Son of Judge R. 
,E. McDaniel, was born June 15, 1836, in Caroline county, Virginia. After 
his father had moved to Saline county, he went to school in the country, 
and then finished his education in 1856-7 in Columbia College, Washing- 
ton City. In 1857 he went as pilot on the Missouri river, and remained 
there until 1869. In that year he quit the river and came to the farm 
upon which he now lives, and has been occupied in farming and stock- 
feeding since. He has a handsome residence on a fine farm, overlooking 
all the surrounding country. In March, 1868, he was married to Miss 
Kate White, of St. Louis, having five children, four of whom, Edmund 
N., Maud R., Reid K. and Aubrey T.,. are still living. 

HENRY CLAY SURBAUGH, farmer, P. O., Miami. Son of Wm. 
Surbaugh, born April 13, 1844, in Saline county, and was raised on a 
farm, receiving his education at the Miami Institute. In December, 1861, 
he was taken prisoner with the Robinson recruits, on Blackwater. He 
was released on oath in April, 1862, and returned home. In 1864 he went 
to California, where he staid until 1866, and returned to Saline and com- 
menced farming. November 24, 1870, he was married to Miss Susan F. 
Doak, by whom he has four children: Allie C, Bertie B., Fannie M., 
William T., all living. From 1873 to 1876 he farmed in Chariton county, 



848 HISTORY OF SAI.INE COUNTY. 

returning in the latter 3'ear to Saline county, to the farm on which he now 
lives. 

THOMAS H. BOOKER, farmer, P. O., Miami. Son of P. D. and 
Martha A. Booker, Was born April 11, 1835, in Amelia county, Vir- 
ginia. His parents moved to Saline county when he was but two and 
one-half years old, and settled on a farm southeast of Miami. Mr. 
Booker received a good independent education, has been a great reader, 
and is an intelligent and cultivated gentlemen and a good farmer. Feb- 
ruary 14, 1856, he was married to Miss Agnes Lacy (daughter of Dr. 
William A. and Agnes Lacy, of Saline county), to whom has been born 
six sons and three daughters, all living: William P., Eugene A., Thomas, 
Stonewall, Agnes O., Mary, Edward L., Albert Sidney, Addie L. and 
John C. Mr. Booker was a southern man, of course, but did not enter 
the confederate army until 1864, when he joined Price's invading army 
when it reached Saline. Like most southern men in Missouri, he lost 
everything by the war except his land, which the soldiers could not carry 
away. He has a fine and well improved farm, and from the front porch 
of his residence can be seen over one hundred as fine farms as the sun 
ever smiles upon. The view is indeed a grand one. 

GEORGE T. TAYLOR, merchant, P. O., Miami. Mr. George T. 
Taylor was born September 13, 1848, in La Grange, Oldham county, 
Kentucky, and is a son of Wm. G. and A. P. Taylor. His father was a 
druggist, and was the clerk of the court for several years. George lived 
in Kentucky until he was fifteen 3'ears of age, mostly attending school. 
He then went to Louisville, and was there employed in superintending 
the tobacco trade of Frazer Bros, for several years. In 1869 he went to 
Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and engaged as salesman. In 1873 he went to War- 
ren county, Kentucky, and commenced in the general mercantile business 
for himself. In February, 1881, he united with Mr. Hahn in purchasing 
the dry goods stock and business of Mr. Henry Boyer, a well-known 
merchant of Miami, and in April of this same year moved to Miami, leav- 
ing his store in Warren county in charge of one of his clerks. Mr. Taylor 
was married December 5, 1876, to Miss Ermin Sweeney, of Gallatin, Ten- 
nessee. They have two children living: Julia E. and Elizabeth A. Mr. 
Taylor is a member of the Methodist Church South, and a Master Mason. 

WILLIAM T. WHITE, farmer. Was born in Clarke county, Vir- 
ginia, September 23, 1832. His father died when William was only eight 
vears old. About four years after his father's death, his mother removed 
with the family to Ohio, where they remained about eighteen months, and 
then moved to Illinois, where they lived until 1856. In 1856 William, who 
was grown, moved the family to Saline county, Missouri. February 23, 
1871, he was married to Mrs. Alice Coleman, whose maiden name was 
Wright. Mrs. Coleman had one daughter, Mary E., when she married 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 84& 

Mr. White. Five children liave blessed this union: Robert L., Ella, 
Ernest H., William, and Frank, all living. Mr. White is a member of the 
Baptist Church, and has an excellent farm in good cultivation. 

JOSEPH A. FISHER, farmer. Was born in Aberdeen, Ohio, Janu- 
ary S, liyM. When Joseph was only one year old, his father moved to 
Maysville, Kentucky. When he was about fourteen years old, they 
moved to Louisville, where they lived about four years, and then moved 
to Bourbon count}-, Kentucky. Mr. Fisher, having received a good edu- 
cation, then worked on a farm until 1854, when he moved to Knox 
count}', Missouri, and there engaged in farming until 1868, when he 
moved to Saline county and located here, and has since been engaged in 
farming and handling stock. January 1J2, 1862, Mr. Fisher was married 
to Miss Theresa E. Baker, of Marion county, Missouri. They have had 
five children, all now living: Thomas J., Pauline, Eliza, Sarah E., and 
Nancy, hi 1861 he enlisted in the M. S. G., and was out eight months. 
He is a shrewd but liberal business man. He is a Master Mason. 

JAMES M. JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O., Fairville. Was born in 
New^ Brunswick, on the 18th day of April, 1837, and is of Scottish parent- 
age. When he was about four years old, his parents moved to Meigs 
county, Ohio, where he lived until fifteen years of age. At that age he 
went to Mason county, V'irginia, where he made his home until 1871, in 
which last named year, he came to Saline county, and here located per- 
manentl3\ When only thirteen }ears old he went to w^ork in a foundry 
and learned the moulders' trade. At the age of seventeen, he went on the 
Ohio river and learned the trade of pilot. Since he came to Saline, in 
1871, he has been engaged in farming. In July, 1869, he was married to 
Miss Kate Long, of Mason county, Virginia. They have two children : 
Oscar P. and John A., both living. He is a member of A. F. & A. M. 
and of I. O. O. F., and also of the Ancient Order of Redmen. Mrs. 
Johnston died in the autumn of 1880. 

NICHOLAS J. SMITH, farmer, P. O., Miami. Mr. N. J. Smith, one 
of the large farmers and stock feeders of Saline county, was born in 
Henr}' county, Kentucky, February 13, 1834, where he was raised and 
educated. In his thirteenth year he made a profession of religion, 
and united himself with the Baptist Church, to which his family for sev- 
eral generations have belonged. Mr. Smith first came to Saline on a 
visit just previous to the war, and while here, married Miss Mattie J. 
Smith, daughter of Stephen Smith, one of the old settlers of the county, 
from Henry county, Kentucky, now dead. Delighted with Saline, Mr. 
Smith determined to make it his home. Settling up his affairs in Ken- 
tucky, he returned, and purchased the J. M. White farm of 1,000 acres. 
This he soon after reduced by sale to a section, and he has now one of 

.54 



850 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

the finest and most desirable farms in Saline county. Since the war, like 
all Saline farmers, he has abandoned the raising of hemp, and has turned 
his attention to the raising of cereals, and to the raising and feeding of 
stock. In July, 1ST9, Mrs. Smith died, lea\ing five children living: 
Thomas S., Susan E., Mattie E., Robert O., and Clark P. Mr. Smith 
has always been a consistent Christian, kind and charitable, and a hospit- 
able, old-fashioned Kentucky gentleman. He is also a most excellent 
and successful farmer. 

AMOS A. WHEELER, M. D., P. O., Miami. The subject of this 
sketch is a son of Alfred and Ruth Wheeler, and was born near Miami, 
August 4, 1842, where he grew to manhood. While attending school at 
the Miami Institute, the war broke out, and in the autumn of 1861, he 
was captured at Blackwater, taken to St. Louis, and held, as a prisoner, 
for three months, when he was released, after taking " the oath." He 
remained at home one year, then spent eighteen months in Colorado, 
variously employed. At the close of the war, he returned to Miami, and 
after reading medicine three 3^ears in a private office, he entered the med- 
ical department of Ann Arbor University, where he attended lectures one 
year, then to Bellevue Hospital Medical College, from which he grad- 
uated in the spring of 1868, when he returned to Miami, commenced his 
profession, and has built up a large and paying practice. He was united 
in marriage, September 30, 1859, to Miss Alice S. Vaughan, and to the 
union has been born three sons and three daughters, all living. He is an 
official member of the Christian Church, and superintendent of the Sab- 
bath school. Is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the I. O. O. F., 
at one time one of the Grand Lodge officers, also of the I. O. G. T. and 
A. O. U. W. He is a strong advocate of temperance; believing, from 
his own early experience, the onl3'' safe plan to be total abstinence. 



SALT FORK TOAVNSHIP. 



MRS. ANNA DAVIS ADKISSON, P. O., Napton. Mrs. Adkisson 
was born in Kentucky in 1807, and was the daughter of Cornelius Davis, 
with whom she moved to Missouri, and settled with him at New Madrid, 
in 1810. The earthquakes of 1811 broke up Mr. Davis, and he moved to 
central Missouri, and located his New Madrid claim, about five miles above 
Booneville, in 1819. In the spring of 1821, he again moved, and located 
in the Big Bottom, in Saline county. February 17, 1823, she married Mr. 
Walker Adkisson, a native of Halifax county, Virginia, born in October, 
1789, who moved to Missouri and settled in the Big Bottom, in 1819. 
After her marriage they remained in the bottom about a year, and in 1824 
settled on Salt Fork creek, about a mile above where Mr. Stoufter now 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 851, 

lives, living- there a couple of years, and then moving to where she now 
lives, with her son-in-law Mr. Stoufler, where her husband died in 1844. 
Mrs. Adkisson raised four sons and three daughters, five of whom are now 
living. 

DR. S. D. MARTIN, physician and farmer. Dr. S. D. Martin was 
born in Woodford county, Kentucky, in 1825, where he was raised and 
educated, and continued to live until 185;>. In 1853 he moved to Missouri, 
and settled in Grand Pass township. Saline county, where he lived until a 
few years ago, when he moved to the farm he now lives on, three or four 
miles south of Marshall. Dr. Martin married, in 1847, Miss Kate Pink- 
erton, of Woodford county, Kentucky, and has had ten children, 
of whom there are now living: Rebecca, wife of Henry S. Hopkins; 
Lizzy, wife of Wm. H. Hurt; Annie, Ernest, Samuel, and Solon. Dr. 
Martin graduated in the medical department of the Transylvania Univer- 
sitv% Lexington, Kentucky. In 1849 he went to California, for a year or 
so, and saw Indian wigwams where Kansas City now stands. During 
the war he enlisted in the M. S. G., and was in Price's battles of 1861. 
Was captured in Robinson's recruits at Blackwater. Released on oath 
from Alton, in 1862. For some years he lived in Pettis county, and 
moved to his present residence in 1877. The doctor is a member of the 
Christian Church, belongs to the I. O. G. T., and has been successful 
both as physician and farmer. Started out in life with only his profession, 
and now owns 225 acres of choice land near Marshall. He took the pre- 
mium for the largest and best crop of hemp, before the war. 

DR. MATTHEW W. HALL, physician and farmer, P. O., Salt Fork. 
Was born in Washington county, Kentucky, in 1817, and is a son of Rev. 
Nathan Hall, a well known minister of that state. In 1820 his father 
moved near Lexington, Kentucky, and remained there until Matthew was 
twenty years of age. In the spring of 1837 Dr. Hall went lo Salem, 
Illinois, and lived there eight years, and in February, 1845, moved to 
Arrow Rock, Saline county, where he lived and practiced his profession 
for twelve years. In 1857 he moved to his farm in Salt Fork township, 
where he has since resided. Dr. Hall was educated and graduated in 
medicine at the Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky. In 1839 
he was married at Salem, Illinois, to Miss Agnes J. Lester, of Charlotte 
countv, Virginia, and has had eleven children, eight of whom are now 
living: Dr. C. Lester Hall, of Marshall; W. Ewing Hall, Esq., of Kansas 
Citv; Dr. John R. Hall, of Marshall; Mrs. Louisa Trigg, of Boonville; 
Matthew W. Hall, Jr., living in Boonville; Dr. Thomas B. Hall, practicing 
with his father; Miss Florida Lee Hall and Miss Efhe Hall. Dr. Hall is 
a member of the Old School Presbyterian Church, membership at Mt. 
Olive, and also a Free and Accepted Mason, has been a member of the 
Arrow Rock lodge for thirty-five years. In 1860 Dr. Hall was elected to 



852 HISTORY OK SALINE COUNTY. 

represent Saline county in the legislature, and was an uncompromising 
pro-slavery democrat, and earnestly supported the war measures suggested 
by Gov. Jackson, and attended the session at Neosho. In 1874 Dr. Hall 
was again elected by the democrats to represent Saline in the legislature. 
In December, 18<U, he was captured with the regiment of recruits on 
Blackwater, of which he was surgeon. He was taken to St. Louis, then 
to Alton, paroled to hospital duty, and finally paroled to go home. His 
oldest son, Dr. C. Lester Hall, now of Marshall, was captured at the 
same time. 

JAMES H. McCALLISTER, deceased. Born in Kanawha, Virginia, 
about the year 1813. While still a boy his father moved to Christian 
county, Kentucky. In 1835 he came to Cooper county, Missouri, and 
soon after moved up to Saline county, near McCallister Springs, then the 
property of his father. In 1846 he was married to Miss Mary J. Ram- 
sey, b}' whom he had eight children, all living: Margaret E., James T., 
Susan J., George Floyd, Mary, Albert R., Martha A., and Minnie M. 
Mr. McCallister died in July, 1 880, since which time Albert, his youngest 
son, has carried on the farm. Duiing the war Mr. McCallister was a 
Union man, but did not enter either army, remaining quietly on his farm. 
Once his house was searched by the Confederates, but through the cool- 
ness of his wife nothing valuable was found, though the sum of $700 in 
coin was concealed on the premises at the time. x\t another time she 
saved her husband from a bushwhacker by treating the thing as a joke, 
and laughing the man out of his intention. Mrs. McCallister was born in 
Albemarle county, Virginia, and came with her parents to this state at an 
early date. At various times during the last thirt}- years of his life, Mr. 
McCalHster was justice of the peace, deputy sherifl', and constable. 

MRS. JANETTE W. WOOD, wife of the late Milton Wood, one of 
the first settlers in the present township of Salt Fork, was born in Albe- 
marle county, Virginia, in 1806, and lived there until her marriage. Her 
maiden name was Miss Janette W. Field, and with her husband came to 
Saline county at an early day. Mrs. Wood has had thirteen children, 
twelve of whom were reared to maturity: William F., John S., Robert 
C, Erasmus D., James F., Mrs. Pauline Herron, of Salem', Illinois; Mrs. 
Sallie A. Huston, Mrs. Anna Minor, Joseph F., Thomas B., Mrs. Lucy 
Mitchell and Charles: of these boys, one is in California; three are in Arizo- 
na: one in Montana, and three in Saline county. Mr. Milton Wood died 
in 1859, leaving Mrs. Wood with the care of a large family, the eldest son 
at home, being then but fifteen years old. At this time, she moved to 
Arrow Rock with her family, for a few years, but has always kept up the 
old home place, upon which she now lives. Mrs. Wood had a great deal 
of trouble during the war, and in 1864, lost her eye sight. She has been 
a member of the Baptist Church for a great many years; membership at 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 858 

Zoar. Her third son, Colonel Robert Wood, has had an eventful career 
in life. In 1S47, he went to Santa Fe, and on to Chetmahua, setting up a 
store, but was run out by the Mexicans. Went to California, spent 
several years fighting Indians with Kit Carson. Joined Crabbe's filibus- 
tering expedition to Sonora, but when Crabbe surrendered, escaped with 
twenty-eight men, and through many hardships went back to California, 
where he was greatly Honized for his escape. Crabbe with all the men 
surrendered, having been shot. Sutlering from rheumatism he came 
to Hot Springs, Arkansas, about the beginning of the war. In 1861, 
joined Price as aid, and was soon after given command of a regiment, and 
was in all the battles of the war west of the river. Two brothers, 
Thomas and Edward, joined his command in 1863 and 1864. James F. 
was at the Booneville stampede at the age of sixteen; was at Lexington, 
and captured at Blackwater; was released on oath in St. Louis, and went 
north until 1865. 

GERVAS S. SMITH, farmer, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Hanover 
county, Virginia, in 1805, and in 1811 moved with his father to Henry 
count}^ Kentucky. His father and Henry Clay were school-boys together. 
Mr. Smith continued to live in Henry county, Kentucky, until 1854, when 
he came to Missouri and settled in Saline county on the farm upon which 
he now resides, in Salt Fork township. Mr. Smith was married Decem- 
ber 18, 1823, to Miss Mar}- B. Sibley, daughter of Leonard and Judith 
Sibley, of Kentucky. They have twelve children, eight daughters and 
four sons, ten of whom are still living; one son having died at New 
Orleans on his way from the Mexican war, and one daughter dying in 
Kentucky. In 1821 Mr. Smith joined the Methodist Church South, of 
which he has now been a member sixty years, and is probably the only 
member of the church as it then was in Henry county, Kentucky, who is 
now living. He is now a member at Smith's chapel, the church being 
named for himself and Dr. Crawford E. Smith in conjunction, they being 
the chief donators. In 1875 Mr. Smith married his second wife, Mrs. 
Elizabeth W. Campbell. He has had eighty grandchildren, fifty-eight 
of whom are living. All his children are members of the Methodist 
Church, the 3'oungest, Gervas, being a minister of the church. Mr. 
Smith took no part in the war himself, but during the war a bo}' about 
sixteen years old came from the southwest with Col. Dorsey, and while 
he and another Confederate were at Mr. Smith's trying to get something 
to eat, one morning, the militia came suddenl}- upon them; they rushed 
out the back way to escape, and one did escape, but the bov (whose name 
is thought to have been George W. Stafibrd,) was shot by the militia and 
killed, after he had thrown up his hands and exclaimed that he was a reg- 
ular soldier under Gen. Marmaduke. Mr. Smith took a ring from the 
poor boy's hand and a lock of hair from his head, which he still preserves 



S54 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

for any one who may ever claim them. The sight of the boy's violent 
death so shocked Miss Emma Smith that her mind was seriously affected. 
JOHN B. DAVIS. The father of the subject of this sketch, CoL 
Wm. C. Davis, was born in Augusta county, Virginia, in 1794, and lived 
there until 1838. In the war of 1812 he commanded the 70th Virginia 
regiment. He was the father of nine children, most of whom are now 
living in Missouri. Jacob C. has filled several important offices in Illinois; 
was a member of congress, and also in the state legislature, while quite a 
young man. James R. is a member of the present county court of 
Saline county, a position he has held before, and which his father held 
before him. William, formerly a lawyer of Marshall. Dr. D. S. Davis 
located south of Marshall, on the old homestead. Martha J. Abney, 
wife of Col. S. S. Abnc}-, of Morgan count}-, Missouri, and member of 
the late legislature. Dr. A. A. Davis, an extensive practitioner in Pettis 
county, Missouri. Judge B. K. Davis, of California. Was elected to the 
legislature in 1860, and was expelled from the same in 1861, for rebel sen- 
timents. Had to leave the state, and was afterward elected judge in 
Nevada, and afterwards prosecuting-attorney. Returning to the prac- 
tice of law, he died in 1880. John B., the youngest son, was born in 
Augusta county, Virginia, in 1834. Came to Missouri when a child, with 
his father, and was raised mostly in Saline county. In 1855 he was mar- 
ried to Miss Sallie E. Smith, daughter of Gervis S. Smith, by whom he 
has had twelve children, nine of whom are living: Gervas W., Mrs. 
Mar}^ V. Gilbreth, of Saline county, Lizzie H., S. Mattie, Lavinia A., 
Charles B., Joseph B., Zeleka, and John R. Mr. Davis has been a mem- 
ber of the Methodist Church, South, since his eighteenth year. In 1859 
he sold his farm and went to merchandising in Longwood, but in 1861 
his store was robbed bv United States troops, which broke him up. In 
1863 he went into the tobacco business, and in 1864 into the Confederate 
army, in Price's last raid. In the battles of the retreat he took no part, 
as he was unarmed. Surrendered as lieutenant at Shreveport, 1865. 
In 1867 he moved to his present residence in Salt Fork township. Suf- 
fered considerable loss of property during the war, but now has 190 
acres of land, mostly in cultivation, good house and good improvements. 
All his family, except one son, are at home. 

WILLIAM E. WALLACE, farmer, P. O., Napton. Mr. W. E. Wal- 
lace was born in Cooper county, Missouri, in 1841, his family being from 
Kentuck^• and Virginia. His grandfather came to Missouri before it was 
admitted into the Union as a state, and settled in what was then New 
Madrid county, but the earthquake panic of 1811, drove him out. He was 
appointed bv the government one of the agents to supply New Madrid 
settlers with new lands. The subject of this sketch was raised in Cooper, 
close to the Saline line, and in 1864 moved to Salt Fork ithen Arrow 



HISTORY OF SA1>INK COUNTY. 855 

Rock) township, where he has since lived. In 1803 he was married to 
Miss Mary R. Trii^g, daughter of John A, Trigg, then a resident of 
Cooper county. They have had five children: Robert T., Rebecca, 
JLucinda, Lavinia and Hortense. His first wife died in 1878. In 1879 he 
was married to Miss Mary E. Barnes, a niece of George C. Bingham, 
the great artist, by whom he has one child: Maud M. Mr. Wallace is a 
member of the Methodist Church, South, a southern man in his sympa- 
thies, but did not enter the army. He was educated at the Kemper High 
School, Booneville, Missouri. When his grandfather first moved from 
Virginia to Kentucky, he settled where the city of Lexington, Kentucky, 
now stands. He started in life with very little property, and now owns 
200 acres — 160 in cultivation and 40 in timber. 

JOHN T. STOUFFER, farmer, P. O., Napton. Was born in Fred- 
erick county, Maryland, in 1838, where he lived until about eight years old, 
and then moved with his father's family to Augusta county, Virginia. In 
1856 he left Virginia and went to Illinois, where he made only a short 
sta}', and then came to Jonesboro, Saline county, where he has since 
resided. In 1858 Mr. Stoufter was married to Miss Elizabeth J. Adkis- 
son. To them twelve children have been born, eleven of whom are liv- 
ing, viz: Laura v., John M., Ella M., Catherine D., Essie L., Mary J,, 
Charles L., Robert W., Leonard T., George E., and Carroll C. Mr. 
Stoufter is an excellent farmer and a hospitable gentleman. He is a mem- 
ber of the Methodist Church South, with membership at Smith's Chapel. 
In the war times he took no part on either side, but stayed quietly 
at home. Since 1864 he has been a steward in the church. He owns 
165 acres of good tillable land, all under fence, in grass and cultivation. 
Started in with nothing, but by energy and good management has steadily 
advanced in the world. 

MAJOR J. W. GEORGE, farmer, P. O., Napton. Was born in 
Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1805, and was raised there. At the age of 
twenty-six years he moved to Jefterson county, Kentucky, and there lived 
thirteen years, then sold out and returned to Shelby county. In 1856 he 
mo\ed to Texas, and lived in that state until 1868, engaged in raising 
cotton. He then went back to Kentuck}^, and in 1869 moved to Kansas 
Cit}^ Missouri. In 1874 he moved to Saline count}-, in Salt Fork town- 
ship, purchasing the Dr. Crawford Smith farm, one of the largest and 
finest farms in Saline county. Major George has always been a man of 
energetic business habits, and though now seventy-six years of age, still 
possesses much of his old time energy. In 1827 he was married to Miss 
Fannie Booker, of Kentucky. They have had twelve children, only four 
of whom are now living: Moses B., William, Edward and Benjamin, all 
of whom are on the farm with him. They are all men of energy and 
intelligence, and this year of 1881 have in 900 acres of wheat. 



850 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

WILLIAM LEATON, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Hanover, 
Germany, in the year 1828, and when ten years of age, came with his 
parents to the United States. They landed at Baltimore, and located at 
Wheeling, Virginia, where he lived sixteen years. He then moved to 
Ohio, and lived there two years; then to Adams county, Illinois; then to 
Missouri, where he has been living ten years, most of the time in Saline 
county. Two years ago he purchased the farm of 240 acres on which 
he now lives, and which is all under fence, and is either in plow-land or 
pasture. In the year 1856 he was married to Miss Lucinda Davis, 
daughter of Thomas Davis, of Adams county, Illinois. They have had 
eleven children, of wdiom nine are now living: Rose A., wife of Martin 
Pace, of this county; Hannah M., wife of Eugene Springer, of Pettis county, 
Missouri; Allie, wife of Levi Smith, of this county; Agnes, Adelaide, 
Fannie, Mary J., Aggie, William, and Josephine. They are all of the 
Methodist belief. Mr. Leaton served in the Fifty-sixth Illinois volunteers 
during the war, having been drafted. He began life with very little, and 
has now a handsome farm, well stocked. 

DR. JOEL RICHARDSON, P. O., Arrow Rock, Missouri. Dr. 
Richardson was born and raised on Mt. Deseret Island, in the rugged and 
far ofl state of Maine, in 1818. He studied medicine and graduated in 
the same, in Dartmouth College, and also studied in the most noted 
schools and hospitals in Western Europe. For about fourteen years he 
practiced his profession in Rockland, Maine, when, because of failure of 
health and fatigue, he retired, and has been quite a traveler since, visiting 
various portions of the United States and Europe. At the age of twenty- 
six he married Miss Isabel Heath, of Mt. Deseret, and has had one son 
and one daughter, the daughter d3'ing at the age of thirteen years. His 
son, Louis R., is living at the home place, and is an artist and portrait 
painter, by profession, but for the present has given up the profession, and 
now takes part in the management of the farm. Will resume his profes- 
sion soon, healtii permitting. 

CHARLES L. MINER, P. O., Marshall. Was born in Herkimer 
county. New York, in 1844, and moved about with his father who was a 
preacher. At the age of fifteen he went to Monmouth, Illinois, w^here he 
lived about eight years, and then went to Texas. He remained there sev- 
eral years, and then came to Missouri with Gen. Shelby, and was cap- 
tured at Marshall. In 1806 he married Miss Anna Wood, daughter of 
Milton Wood, of Saline county. Has three children: Woodie, Lottie and 
Louise, living at home. He was educated at West Winfield, New York, 
and is the son of Erastus Miner, a Baptist minister of some note in New 
York. In 1861 Capt. Miner joined the Confederate army at Memphis, as 
a private, and was promoted to captain towards the close of the war. In 
1862 he came west of the river and joined Gov. Jackson, and was on 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 857 

escort duty for a time. Was with Shelby on his raid in LS63, and was in 
the battles of Burrusville, Shiloh, Prairie Grove, etc. Was wounded and 
taken prisoner at Marshall, on Shelby's raid. Taken to St. Louis, then 
to Camp Chase, and then to Fort Delaware, then to Morris' Island, then to 
Ft. Pulaski, Georj^ia, and there with Cason, cut a hole in the side of the 
prison ship and tried to escape. Cason got away, but Miner was recaptured, 
put in port on starvation rations. At the close of the war was paroled at 
New York city, and came west. While in Marshall as a prisoner he met 
the lady who became his wife, and he came to Saline county. Before the 
war he had made two trips to Europe, one as a sailor before the mast, the 
other on business, and had considerable property, which was all lost in the 
war. 

E. D. SHANNON, P. O., Marshall. The subject of the following- 
sketch was born in Henry county, Kentucky, in 1844, and moved with his 
father to this count}- in 1854, his father dying soon after he settled here, 
leaving three sons and two daughters. Mr. Shannon came to the place 
on which he now lives in 1867, and has lived there since, and is still a 
single man. In the war he joined the enrolled militia under compulsion, 
and afterwards joined the Confederate army in Capt. Diver's company 
and Col. Woods' regiment, was cut off near Marshfield, and surrendered. 
Was taken to St. Louis, where he took the oath, and came home. 



SALT POND TOWNSHIP. 

AUGUST ELSNER, P. O., Brownsville. Son of J. and D. Eisner, 
of Germany, was born Jul}- 21, 1851, and at the age of sixteen entered a 
dry goods store as a salesman. In 1872 he came to the United States, 
and settled in Brownsville, in this county, and first engaged in business 
with J. T. Wilson & Marr. In 1876 entered into co-partnership with 
Ehlers in the general merchandise and grain business, and is the business 
manager of the firm. They enjoy a leading trade in the community, and 
have now been engaged in the grain trade for three years. Mr. Eisner 
was married June 25, 1879, to Miss Alice S. Gross, of this count}'. The}' 
have one child, Bernhard. Is a member of the Lutheran Church and of 
the I. O. O. F. ' His parents are still living in Germany. Two brothers 
have followed him to the new world. 

C. J. HERRING, P. O., Brownsville. The son of Jonathan and Cor- 
delia Herring. Was born in Saline county, December 28, 1857, where he 
was raised on his father's farm, and educated at the State University, 
Columbia, Missouri. His father came to this county in early times, and 
made a large fortune here, which was divided among his children. Mr. 
C.J. Herring came to Brownsville in 1873, where he owns some valuable 



858 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

1-eal estate. In the fall of 18SU he engaged in the mercantile business, 
dealing in groceries and queensware, and is driving a prosperous trade. 
His father died April 14, 1879. 

WILLIAM SPURGIN, P. O., Brownsville. William Spurgin, the 
son of Rev. Josiah and Mar^^ Spurgin, was born in Davidson county, 
North Carolina, August, 1837, where his early life was spent on a farm. 
In November, 18-13, his parents moved to Pettis county, and William w'ent 
to work in a carriage manufactory at the age of eighteen years, and lived 
in Pettis county fourteen 3-ears. He then went to Dover, in Lafayette 
county, and then, after two years, moved to Collin, Texas. In less than 
two years he returned to Georgetown, Pettis county, where he continued 
in business about six years. After going to Law-rence county, Missouri^ 
for about a year, he moved to Brownsville in 1867, where he has been in 
business since. March 28, 1861, he was married to Miss N. J. Glass, of 
Pettis county. She died in 1867; and on the 2d of February, 1869, he 
married Miss O. C. Reed, of Saline county. They have three children 
living: Verdie, Minnie, and Charles. Is a member of the Baptist 
Church, and of the A. F. & A. M. and of the I. O. O. F.; also of the pres- 
ent city board. He served in the U. S. army three years and seven 
months as private, and as regimental smith. 

THOMAS G. NELSON, Steers & Nelson, P. O., Brownsville. 
Thomas Nelson, son of John B. and Elizabeth Nelson, was born August 
25, 1846, in Cooper county, Missouri, where he was raised on his father's 
farm, and educated. July 25, 1877, he was married to Miss Fannie Alkire, 
of Grayson county, Texas, receiving her education at the Female College, 
Booneville, Missouri. In 1875, Mr. Nelson left his father's farm, and 
located in Brownsville, and engaged in his present business, that of sad- 
dlery and harness making. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and 
of the A. O. U. W. His parents were native Virginians, and he has a 
large and w^ealthy family connection in Cooper county. Mr. and Mrs. 
Nelson have two children : Bessie Lee and Nelly A. 

WILLIAM -T. SIIVI, Sim Bros. & Spurgin, P. O., Brownsville. W. 
T. Sim is the son of Alexander and Ann Sim, and was born in Scotland, 
April 7, 1840. He was educated at Aberdeen, and his earl}' life spent in 
his father's carriage manufactury at Newcastle-on-T^^ne, one of the 
largest carriage manufactories in Great Britain, and afterwards worked at 
the principal shops in London. In October, 1865, he was married to 
Mary Edridge, of London, and in the tall o*' the same year came to the 
United States, and first settled in South Carolina, where he remained 
several years, and then removed to St. Louis and stayed about eighteen 
months. He then went to southwest Missouri, and spent six years in 
farming. He then moved to Brownsville, in this county, where he estab- 
lished his present business. He had eight children, three of whom are 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 859 

living: Maggie, Walter and Alexander. He is a member of the Epis- 
copal Church, and also of the A. O. U. W. The firm are doing a pros- 
perous business in Brownsville; and also have a large building on Lexing- 
ton avenue. Alexander Sim was born November 27, 1832, and came to 
the United States in 1860, and has been engaged in the carriage manu- 
facturing business all his life, and is now at the head of the firm of Sim 
Bros. & Spurgin. 

JOHN LAPSLEY YANTIS, D.D., P. O., Brownsville. Was born 
September 14, 1804, in Lancaster, Garrard county, Kentucky, where he 
spent his early life, -and was educated. His first intention was to become 
a physician, and he studied medicine for nearly two years, A change 
occurred that resulted in his abandoning the medical profession, and 
studying for the ministry of the Presbyterian church. He was licensed to 
preach in 1829, and ordained in 1832. The next year, 1833, he moved to 
Missouri, and spent the winter in Saline county. He then went to Lib- 
erty, in Clay county, and spent nearly two years there, thence to Colum- 
bia, in Boone count}', and while there his father died. He then spent 
about five years in Fulton, Callawa}' county, and from there moved to 
Lexington, in 1841. In 1848 he moved to Brownsville, in Saline count}-, 
where he established a school, which he continued to manage until 1851 . 
In 1852 he moved to Oregon, where he continued three years, and then 
returned to Missouri and established a college in Richmond, Ray county; 
after four years, in 1859, he left Richmond and returned to Kentucky, 
where he continued about three years and then returned to this 
county and settled at Sweet Springs, where his family lived, he 
having purchased, in 1848, the eighty acres of land, including the 
Sweet Springs property, at $10 per acre, and built upon it. During the 
last two years of the war he preached at Kansas City and at Westport, 
Missouri. In August, 1866, he sold the thirty acres of land including the 
springs property to Leslie Marmaduke, for $10,000, In 1828 Dr. Yantis 
was married to Miss Eliza Ann Montgomery, of Stanford, Kentucky. 
They have had eleven children, seven now living: Mrs, Kate Y. Bean, 
Wm. L. Yantis, J. Marshall Yantis, Rev. E. M, Yantis, Mrs, Elizabeth 
Lapsley, Van Court Yantis, and James A. Yantis. Dr. Yantis is the old- 
est Old School Presbyterian minister in Missouri, and has several times 
been a member of the general assembly of his church. The college of 
South Hanover, Indiana, conferred on him the title of Doctor of Divinity. 
He has still a handsome property near the Sweet Springs. 

JOHN De LONG, P, O., Brownsville, Was born in Tuscarawas 
county, Ohio, on the 7th of September, 1846. Son of Solomon and 
Emeline DeLong, Was raised on a farm and educated in the country 
schools, and learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade at Uhricksville, Ohio, 
and was in the employ of the Pittsburg & Cincinnati railroad, about three 



"860 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNT V. 

years. In 1867 he came to Sedalia, Missouri, and worked at his trade, 
and in 1869 came to Brownsville, in this county, and worked as contractor 
and builder four years. In 1880 he married Miss Mary Rembert, of 
Brownsville; one child. May, born in Uhricksville, Ohio. After the death 
of his first wife, in 1874, he was married to Miss Bettie Smith, of Browns- 
ville, and of this marriage there are two children, Harry and Lulu. In 

1875 he was appointed city marshal of Brownsville, and served until the 
spring of 1878, when he was elected for two years, and re-elected in the 
spring of 1880 for two years. In 1876 he arrested Robert Glass for the 
murder, in 1874, of Dr. Dickson, of Cooper county. During the latter 
part of the war, Capt. Jim Smith organized a horse thief band, number- 
ing about twenty, and operated from Iowa to Arkansas, every summer. In 

1876 DeLong obtained a clue, went to work on it, and on the 20th of 
August, 1877, arrested Bill Coats in Lexington, Missouri, who "squealed" 
on the whole gang, and this led to the arrest of Capt. Jim, Thomas Ben- 
nett, Andy Brooksline, Jasper Highly, Gains Staunton and Perry Hildreth. 
The remainder of the band skipped this county, and as no rewards have 
ever been offered by the state or county, they have never been brought to 
justice. In 1877 DeLong arrested John McCormick, a counterfeiter, and 
convicted him. In the same year he arrested Joe Casey, a negro burglar, 
who had robbed Dr. J. L. Yantis' house, in Brownsville. In 1878, near 
Brownsville, he arrested one T. J. Mayse, who had robbed a merchant of 
New Lisbon of $1,000. Same year he arrested Andrew Wilfret, a bur- 
glar, twelve miles south of Brownsville. In the same year he arrested 
George Melton, for burglary in Brownsville, and, also in 1878, he arrested 
W. O. Stigall, wanted in Grayson county, Texas, and was held, and taken 
on a requisition from the governor of Texas. 

BENJAMIN T. POE, P. O., Brownsville. Owner of the splendid 
600 acre grass farm, Silver Maple; is the son of Alvin and Rebecca Poe, 
of Bowling Green, Kentucky, where he was born January 8, 1843, and 
when quite a boy came with his parents to Missouri and settled in the 
southern part of the state. He remained with his parents until the war 
broke out. In 1861 he joined the southern army, and in 1862 he raised a 
compan}' and joined Hunter's regiment. (See soldiers' record.) When 
he returned from the war he was penniless. His father gave him a mule, 
which was soon after stolen from him. Mr. Poe is now one of Saline's 
wealthiest and most respected citizens. He w^as married February 22, 
1867, to Miss Pauline S. Beattie, daughter of James J. and Elizabeth 
Beattie, of Kentucky, and has three children : Florence Gertrude, James 
A., Lizzie Maud. 

V JESSE MARR, P. O., Brownsville. Son of Thomas and Mary Marr, 
formerly of Virginia. They came to Missouri when it was still a terri- 
tory, and settled in this county in 1819, moving to Lafayette at an early day. 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. SOI 

Mr. Jesse Marr is the youngest child, and was born September 4, 1886, in 
Lafayette county, where he was raised and educated. In 1862 he joined 
Price's army. He was married October 22, 1874, to Miss Louisa Har- 
vey, daughter of Henry and Martha Harvey, of Washington City. 

JOHN W. HIBBS, P. O., Brownsville. '^ Owner of a fine grass farm. 
Maple Hall. Is a native of Lafayette county, and is the offspring of 
John and Sarah Hibbs, of Hampshire county, Virginia, where he was 
raised, and educated at Georgia Creek Academy. When the south 
rebelled he sympathized with the Union, and at eighteen 3'ears of age he 
joined the 18th Pennsylvania cavalry, under Sheridan. After the war he 
went to Virginia and lived two years, and then came to Missouri with his 
parents and settled in this county. On the 18th of December, 1873, he 
married Miss H. E. Gregg, daughter of Henr}' and Elizabeth Gregg, 
of Kentucky, and has one child: Florence Hibbs. 

JAMES EVANS, P. O., Brownsville. Is a native of Fayette county, 
Pennsylvania, and is the second son of David and Phoebe Evans, of Fayette 
county. His father was a native of Wales. He was raised in Fayette 
county and educated at Smithfield, Pennsylvania. In 1868 he moved to 
Missouri and settled in Pettis county. The next winter he moved to this 
county, where he has since lived. In March, 1868, he was married to 
Miss Mary J. Hibbs, daughter of John and Sarah Hibbs, of Pennsylva- 
nia, formerly of Virginia, and has one child: Walter H. Mr. Evans is in 
partnership with J. C. Hibbs and owns the fine grain farm, " Locust 
Grove." 

ROBERT T. HIBBS, P. O., Brownsville. Son of John and Sarah 
Hibbs, of Pennsylvania, formerly of Virginia. Was born August 18, 
1848, in Fayetle county, Pennsylvania, where he was raised on his father's 
farm, and was educated in his native county. In 1868 he moved to Mis- 
souri, and lived a short lime in Pettis county, and then came to this county 
and bought the fine stock farm. Maple Grove, where he has since lived. 
On the 11th of March, 1869, he married Miss Maria J. Logsden, daughter 
of Carrol and Martha Logsden, of this county, and has three children: 
Annie May, William Carrol and Maudie. 

CHARLES AND LEON SCOTT, P. O., Brownsville. Owners of 
the fine stock and grain farm " Scotland." Are the sons of John L. and 
Lucy T. Scott, of Kentucky, who moved to Missouri in 1830, and settled 
in Pettis county, then moved to Saline county in 1850. They were edu- 
cated at Lapsley High School, Brow^nsville, in this county, where they 
graduated. They then' ettled upon the farm where they now live, 
and are running a large farm, in connection with handling stock. 

J. J. GROSS, P. O., Brownsville. Son of Conrad and Salome Gross, 
who came from Bavaria, Germany, in 1830, to Illinois. In 1836 settled in 
DuPage county, where he lived until his death, which occurred in April,^ 



86'2 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 

1850, in his fifty-fourth year. Mr. J. J. Gross was Horn in Bavaria, 
March 27, 1830, coming the same year with his parents to America, and 
was raised and educated in Illinois. As soon as grown, he took a trip to 
California, and spent two years there. He returned to Illinois, and lived 
there twenty years, and then moved to Missouri, and settled in Saline 
county. On the 23d of December, 1852, he was married to Miss Eliza 
Meyer, of DuPage county, Illinois, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Meyer, 
formerly of Lancaster county Pennsylvania. He has eight children: 
John W., Alice S., Walter H., Lydia P., David W., Samuel J., Amelia 
M., and Edwin S. 

JOHN W. EHART, P. O., Brownsville. Son of Robert and Mary 
Ehart, of Virginia and Kentucky, who were early settlers of this county, 
where John W. was born, in 1844, and where he was raised and educated. 
In the war he enlisted in the 1st Missouri cavalry, under Col. Shelby 
first, then under Col. Gordon. He served all through the war, came 
home and went to farming. At the age of twent3^-two he was married 
to Miss Jane Owens, daughter of John H. Owens, of Saline county, and 
has three children: Wm. F., Josephine, and John. Losing his wife, he- 
was again married, in 1878, to Miss Julia P. Kuntz, of Douglas county, 
Kansas, daughter of Henry and Mary Kuntz, and by this marriage has 
two children: Thomas E. and Roxy May. 

A. WIDDER, P. O., Brownsville. Is a native of Cumberland county, 
Pennsylvania; born June 5, 1836, and is the son of George and Mar}- 
Widder, of Pennsylvania. His earh^ life was spent in his native state. 
In 1860 he moved to Illinois. In 1870 he came to this county and settled 
where he now is, his farm being mid-way between Mt. Leonard and 
Brownsville. December 16, 1857, he was married to Miss Martha Leitz, 
and has now eight children: Mary J., Ann D., George, William L., Jacob 
S., Edwin E., Franklin and Addie S. Mr. Widder is the largest poultry 
raiser and dealer in Saline county. He raises and deals in every variety 
of pure bred poultry, such as Buff Cochin, Partridge Cochin, White 
Cochin, Black Cochin, Dark Brahma, Light Brahma, Plymouth Rock, 
Houdan, Japanese Bantam, Bronze Turkeys, Toulouse Geese, Gray phi- 
nese Geese, Pekin Ducks, Yellow Duckwing, Game, Golden and Silver 
Seabright Bantam, etc. 

GODFREY WERMELSKIRCHEN, P. O., Brownsville. Owner 
of the fine woodland farm " Oakland." Is the oldest son of Godfrey and 
Annie Wermelskirchen, of Cologne, Prussia. They came to the United 
States and settled in St. Louis in 1S46, where they lived four years, and 
then moved to Moniteau county. Godfrey, Jr., was born in Prussia, 
March, 1834, and came with his parents to St. Louis in 1846. In 1851) 
he came to Saline count}-. When the war came on he identified himself 
with the south, and joined Shelby, under whom he remained through the 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. Sf;:^ 

war. (See soldiers' record.) On the 20th of Februar\-, ISOT, he married 
Miss Ellen Norfleet, daughter of Madison and Mar\- Norfleet, of Ken- 
tuck}-. To this union were born four children: Archibald, Annie, Mary 
and Emma. 

WILLIAM OWENS, P. O., Brownville. Was born in Lafayette 
county, Missouri, January 8, 1828, and moved with his parents to 
this county in 1830, where he was raised on a farm, and educated in the 
country schools. At the age of nineteen he commenced life; and being 
without means, during 1847 and 1848 he teamed for the government. In 
1849 he took the gold fever, and went to California across the plains, and 
mined there for three years. In 1852 he returned by Nicaraugua to 
Saline. In 1854 he engaged in merchandising, at Brownsville in this 
county, and in 1872 embarked in the banking business, and is now one of 
the most respected and solid men in the place. Mr. Owens was married, 
December 25, 1855, to Miss S. E. Bright, of Brownsville, and has had 
twelve children, eight living: Martha K., John H., Mary S., Helen, 
William, Pet, Charles, and Nellie. 

WILLIAM CHAPMAN, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Chapman was 
born in Lincoln count}-, Kentucky, January 26, 1816, and is the son of 
Richard and Elizabeth Chapman. His father died in Kentuck}-. In 
1837 he came with his brother to Missouri, and settled four miles west of 
Brownsville, where he entered 200 acres of land, on which he still resides, 
and is a fine body of farming land. Mr. Chapman was married, Septem- 
ber 16,-1841, to Miss Rhoda Patrick, of Lafayette count v. They had six 
children: James M., Thomas P. (deceased), William H., Mrs. Martha 
Maguire, John B., and William L., who died in infancy. His wife died 
December 29, 1862. He again married. May 9, 1867, to Miss Ehzabeth 
Patrick, of Lafayette county. Mr. Chapman is a member of the M. E. 
Church South. 

JAMES GRAHAM, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Graham is the son of 
John and Barbara Graham, and was born November 14, 1828, in Sum- 
merset count\% Pennsylvania. His early life was spent on a farm with 
his parents. In 1857 he came to Missouri, and settled in Saline county. 
The following year he built a saw-mill one mile west of Brownsville, on 
Blackwater. He shortly added two sets of burrs, and run the mill as a 
saw- and grist-mill. He now runs it exclusivel}- as a grist-mill, and has 
had frequentl}' to run his mill night and day to supply the demand. The 
40 acres of land where the mill now stands w^as entered about the 
year 1817, by Mr. Carpenter. Mr. Graham still owns the mill, and in 
connection 110 acres of good farming and pasture land. Mr. Graham 
was married November, 1853, to Miss Nancy Douglas, of low^a. They 
have nine children living, and one dead. Mr. Graham is a member 



864 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

of the Christian Church, and has filled several offices of trust since he 
came to Saline. 

J. K. PARIS, P. O., Brownsville. Is the son of James and Clara 
Faris, and was born June 18, 1817, in Cape Girardeau county, Missouri, 
Shortly after his birth his parents removed to Cooper county, where he 
remained until 1850, when he removed to Saline, and settled near Browns- 
ville, where he owns a good farm of 114 acres. Mr. Faris was married 
April 25, 1838, to Miss Jane Cassidy, of Cooper county They have five 
children: Mrs. Catherine Davis, Mrs. Lucretia M. Aulgur, Mrs. Clara 
A. Williams, James A., Mrs. Mary J. Crowder. His wife died in 1870. 
He again married December 14, 1871, to Miss Fannie Adams, of Johnson 
county. Mr. Faris is a deacon in the Baptist Church. He is the oldest 
road overseer in the count}' ; has served twenty-five years. 

LOUIS D. STANLEY, P. O., Brownsville. Was born in Kanawha 
county, Virginia, April 29, 1844, and is the son of Nathan and Sarah 
Stanley. His early life was spent at school. He came to Missouri in 
1860, and settled in Henry county, on a farm, where he remained until 
the breaking out of the war, when he went to Jefterson City and enlisted 
in Capt. Ro3'ston's company, Raine's division, Owens' battalion. He was 
in the battles of Prairie Grove, Oak Hill, and several other noted engage- 
ments. Mr. Stanley served through the entire war, but was wounded 
six times. After the war closed he went with Gen. Joe Shelby to San 
Antonio, Texas. He soon returned to Missouri and settled in Lafayette 
count}^, where he remained until 1871, when he moved within one mile of 
Brownsville, where he began farming and stock-raising. He owns 160 
acres of good land. Mr. Stanley was married March 26, 1868, to Miss 
Louisa S. Hicklin, of Lafayette county. They have five children: Louis 
H., Nannie, Mary, Mattie, and Estelle. 

GEORGE VV. TUTHILL, P. O., Brownsville. Was born December 
27, 1835, in Alton, Illinois, and is the son of P. T. and Susan D. Tuthill. 
He was educated at Shurtleff College, in Alton. At the age of sixteen he 
entered a store, but soon after went to work in a printing office, where he 
remained until 1860, when he became local editor of the Springfield (Illi- 
nois) Daily Journal In July, 1861, Mr. Tuthill enlisted in the 10th 
Illinois infantry, U. S. A. He was elected first lieutenant, but resigned on 
account of a disagreement with the captain. He was mustered out in 
August, 1864. He was engaged in the batdes of Island No. 10, siege of 
Corinth, and Atlanta campaign. Mr. Tuthill was married December 1, 
1859, to Miss Mary E. Winters, of Springfield, Illinois. They have five 
children: May V., George W., Jessie E., John E., and Henry L. Mr 
Tuthill came to Missouri in March, 1871, and remained in St. Louis until 
December, 1876, when he went to Jefterson City, and took charge of the 
state printing, where he remained until August, 1864, when he moved to 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 865 

Brownsville, and began publishing the Herald^ which he still continues. 
He is a member of the A. O. U. W. The family of Tuthills came from 
England to the United States in 1035, and settled in New York. Mr. 
Tuthill's grandfather on his mother's side was a captain in the revolution- 
ary war. 

ROBERT G. WARE, P. O., Brownsville. Was the son of Preston 
and Nancy Ware, and was born December 2, 1805, in Massachusetts. 
His early life was spent on the farm. At the age of sixteen he began 
merchandising, in which he has been engaged the principal part of his 
life. He came to Brownsville in 1842, and purchased 160 acres of land, 
adjoining the town on the south. He owns one-fourth interest in the 
Eagle flouring mills, and other valuable property in the city. Mr. Ware 
was married in 1829 to Miss Evelina Carroll, of Baltimore. They have 
four children: Evelina, Mrs. Virginia Simon, Mary L., and Robert G., 
Jr. Mr. Ware lost his wife March, 1866, and his daughter, Maria E., 
August, 1880. Mr. Ware owns valuable property in Baltimore, where 
he spends his winters. His grandfather served through the revolutionary 
war. He is of English descent. 

, WILLIAM L. GRAIN, P. O., Brownsville. Was born April 1, 1832, 
in Pulaski count}-, Kentucky, and is the son of James A. and Catherine 
Grain. His early life was spent on the farm with his parents. He came 
to Missouri in 1855, and settled in Saline county, where he has been 
engaged in farming since that time. He now owns eighty acres in section 
29, and eighty acres in section 30, township 49, range 22, of good farming 
and timber land. Mr. Grain enlisted March 31, 1862, in the Missouri 
state militia, in Gapt. B. H. Wilson's company, Col. John F. Phillips' reg- 
iment. He was in the battles of Fayetteville, Arkansas; Jefterson City, 
Missouri; Boone ville, Missouri; Big Blue, Missouri, and Mine Run. He 
was discharged as first sergeant, March 31, 1865. He was married Jan- 
uary 7, 1874, to Miss Elizabeth J. Elliott, of Saline county. She died 
April 23, 1879. They had three children: Mary Eliza, Joseph Milton, 
and Charles Edward. He again Married January 8, 1880, to Miss Nan- 
nie P. Gundiff, of Saline county. Mr. Grain is a member of A. F. & A. 
M., and has served several terms as master of the lodge. He is also a 
member of the Baptist Church. 

N. F. ANDREW, P. O., Brownsville. The subject of this sketch 
was born January 31, 1812, in Randolph county. North Carolina, and is 
the son of William and Hannah x\ndrew. At an early age he learned the 
trade of cabinet making and undertaking. He went from North Carolina 
to Virginia, and remained there Iwelve years, working at his trade. In 
1871, he came to Missouri and settled in Brownsville, where he still con- 
tinues his business and enjoys a good trade. Mr. Andrews was married 
55 



866 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in 1839, to Miss Anna Stanton, of North Carolina. They have one child 
dead, and the following living: D. S., Mrs. Malinda Lamb, Mrs. Eugenia 
Redding, T. C. and Samuel. Mr. Andrew is a member of A. F. & A. 
M. His ancestr}' belonged to the family of Quakers. 

WILLIAM M. HILL, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Hill is the son of 
Marshall and Frances Hill, and was born April 21, 1844, in Todd county, 
Kentucky. His father died when he was quite small, and in 1854, he 
came to Missouri with his mother, and settled in Saline county. He now 
lives four miles southwest of Brownsville, where he owns 100 acres of 
good farming land. Mr. Hill was married August 31, 1870, to Miss 
Elizabeth Reavis, of Saline county. She died November 21, 1880. Mr. 
Hill has three children: Edward M., Bitie Ann and Junius T. He is a 
member of the Christian Church. 

CHRISTOPH BRANDT, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Brandt was 
born February 16, 1833, in Hanover, Germany. He is the son of Claus 
and Hannah Brandt. His early life was spent at school. In 1859, he 
came to the United States and settled in Benton county, Missouri, where 
he worked at the carpenters' trade for four years, when he went to 
Lafayette county, and began farming. In 1869, he moved to Saline 
county, and settled on a farm three miles southw^est of Brownsville, 
where he now resides and owns 130 acres of choice farming and tim- 
ber land. Mr. Brandt was married August 2, 1862, to Miss Margaret 
Krenser, of Benton county. They have three children: Olive, John 
and Benjamin. Mr. Brandt is a member of the Lutheran Church. 
He served as soldier three months in the U. S. A. home guards, and 
three months as teamster. Was in the battle of Cole Camp. 

JOHN F. WEBER, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Weber is the son of 
Henry and Elizabeth Weber, and was born in 1826, in Hanover, Ger- 
many. His early life was spent on the farm and at school. Came to the 
United States in 1844. He first settled in Maryland, where he remained 
for four years. He then spent several years in Pittsburg, Cincinnati, 
Wheeling and St. Louis. In 1869, Mr. Weber moved to Saline county, 
and settled two miles west of Brownsville, where he now resides and 
owns a fine body of 550 acres of choice farming land. Mr. Weber 
was married July 4, 18 — , to Miss Louisa Vogt, of St. Louis. They have 
five children: Lena, John, Edward, Lizzie and Louis. Mr. Weber 
served in the Nineteenth Missouri E. M. M. for twelve months. He is a 
member of the Lutheran Church. 

CHARLES L. COLLINS, P. O:, Brownsville. Mr. Collins is a 
Missourian by birth, having been born in Lafayette county, February 
16, 1846. He is the son of Joseph B. and Louisa Collins. His early 
life was spent on the farm and at school. In 1851, Mr. Collins came 
with his parents to Saline count}-, and settled on a farm one mile south 



HISTORV OF SALINE COUNTV. 867 

of" Brownsville, where he now resides and owns about 0(J0 acres of good 
farming and pasture land. Mr. Collins was married December 19, 1866, 
to Miss Lucretia Bullock, of Kentucky. She died September 25, 1878. 
Mr. Collins has two children: Cora Bell and Katie. Mr. Collins is a 
member of A. F. and A. M. He is a member of the firm of Collins & 
Johntz, Brownsville, Missouri. This firm do a large business, buying 
and shipping horses and mules. He is a man of energy and business 
habits. 

JOHN W. WILSON, P. O., Brownsville. Was born in Washington 
county, Tennessee, in 1809, and in 1838 came to Missouri. In 1847 he was 
married to Miss Nancy Cowen, by whom he has three children: J. T., 
R. S., and A. P. He has been engaged in the mercantile business for 
thirty years, having been thus employed previous to the war in Bolivar, 
Polk county, Missouri. In the year 1870, he moved to Brownsville, in 
this county, and associated himself there, with his son J. T. Wilson, under 
the firm name of J. T. Wilson & Co., doing a general mercantile business. 
Their business has been improving steadily every year, and at this time, 
they probably carry the largest stock in Brownsville. 

PHILIP P. LAND, P. O., Brownsville. Was born in St. Clair county, 
Illinois, September 13, 1835, where he was raised on a farm. In 1871 he 
came to this county and settled in Brownsville, and engaged in milling. 
During the first year he spent ij)5,000 in improvements, and has continued 
to improve his mill every year. It has now all the modern improvements, 
and manufactures 170 barrels of flour per day. He handles about 
250,000 bushels of wheat per annum, finding his market in the south, 
Texas, etc. Mr. Land was married in 1855 to Miss Elizabeth Jones, of 
Clinton county, Illinois. They have nine children living: Lyman T., 
Minnie, Lucy, Maggie, Moses, B. H., Laura, Edgar, and Olie. 

CAPTAIN C. J. MILLER, P. O., Brownsville. Captain Miller was 
born in Rockingham county, Virginia, June 16, 1822. Was raised as a 
mechanic and farmer, on his father's farm, and received his education at 
the country schools. • In October, 1838, he moved with his father to Saline 
■county, Missouri, and settled in Salt Pond township, where he continued 
to work on his father's farm until the Mexican war, when he volunteered 
in the company then raising in Saline county, afterwards company D, 1st 
regiment Missouri mounted volunteers. Col. A. W. Doniphan. Captain 
Miller was elected first lieutenant of this company, and served fourteen 
months, through the expedition to Chihuahua, and participated in the bat- 
tles of Bracito and Sacramento. Returning, from 1848 to 1850 he engaged 
in merchandising, in Brow^nsville. In 1850 he went to California and made 
some money, working in the mines. Returned in 1851 and engaged in 
speculating in real estate. When the war broke out in 1861, he offered his 
services, which were declined on account of his wounds, received in the 



868 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

Mexican war. Afterwards entered the enrolled militia, and was captain 
of company E, battalion companies, of the 71st regiment, E. M., in 1863^ 
and discharged in 1864. After the war he served two years as deputy 
sheriff'. June i-i, 1849, he was married in Saline county, and by that 
union has three children livdng: Robert W., James E. and Mary E., and 
two dead. The captain draws a pension because of wounds received in 
the Mexican war. 

W. B. KNOX, Central Hotel, P. O., Brownsville. The son of W. 
B. and H. G. Knox, was born in Knox county, Illinois, December 9, 1856. 
In 1868 he came to Missouri with his parents, and settled in Clinton, 
Henry count}'. He was educated at Galesburg, and at the age of eighteen 
went to Chicago and engaged in the hotel business, and remained there 
four years. In 1880 he came to Brownsville, and took charge of the Cen- 
tral Hotel,which is a large and commodious brick building, and, as the 
name indicates, is centrally located in the city. Mr. Knox is a member of 
the I. O. O. F. 

MASON G. BROWN, P. O., Brownsville. Cashier of the Browns- 
ville Bank, is a son of John S. and Mary A. Brown, and was born in 
Pettis county, Missouri, December 21, 1842. He was educated at Salem, 
Pettis county, and his early life was spent on his father's farm. At the 
age of nineteen he was employed as salesman for John T. Brown, of 
Sedalia, and continued as such for five years. He then moved to Browns- 
ville, and embarked in the mercantile business, under the firm name of 
Brown & Buckner, and continued until 1875, when he withdrew, and 
became cashier of the Brownsville Savings Bank. November 27, 1866, 
he was married to Miss Mary E. Hurt, daughter of Ossimus Hurt, of 
Saline county. They have one child, Ernest M. He is a member of the 
I. O. O. F. ' 

SAMUEL DRYSDALE, P. O., Brownsville. Was born in Lafayette 
county, Missouri, October 6, 1854, and is the son of Samuel J. and 
Balindia Drysdale. His early life was spent on his father's farm, and 
educated at Lexington, Missouri. He began railroading in 1872. Was 
agent and operator in Lexington from 1872 to 1878, with the exception of 
the year 1876, when he held the same position at Atchison, Kansas. In 
1879, he came to Brownsville, and took charge of that office, as agent 
and operator. 

W. H. STEERS, P. O., Brownsville. Is the son of Rollins and Sarah 
E. Steers, and was born in Harrison county, Kentucky, June 18, 1833. 
In 1855 he moved to Missouri, and settled near Brownsville, on a farm, 
until 1864, when he moved into Brownsville, and engaged in the saddlery 
and harness business, in which he has continued until the present, and has 
a large trade. He was married March 18, 1856, to Miss Mary A. Car- 
mack, of Brownsville. They have four children: Oscar, Sarah E., 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 869 

Martha, and William. Is a member of the Christian Church, of the A. 
F. and A. M., and of the A. O. U. W. 

CHARLES B. BUCKNER, Esq., P. O., Brownsville. Son of 
William G. and Sarah Buckner, was born January 6, 18.59, in Pettis 
county, Missouri, and came with his parents to Brownsville in 1865. He 
was educated at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. In 1878-9 he 
read law, and began the practice of the same in Brownsville, Missouri, in 
1880. May 25, 1880, he was married to Miss Sarah Higgins, of Pettis 
■county, Missouri. Mr. Buckner is quite a young attorney, but is a young 
man of fine business habits, and already enjoys a fair share of practice. 

TALBOT HICKLIN, P. O., Brownsville. Son of James and Nancy 
Hicklin, was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, July 23, 1855, near 
Lexington, on a farm, where his early life was spent. He spent some 
time in Colorado, and in Texas, and finally came to Brownsville, in 1877. 
Farmed one year north of Brownsville, then sold his farm, and in Decem- 
ber, 1879, went to Texas for the winter, and after some months returned, 
and in April, 1880, went into the livery business in Brownsville, where he 
still is, and " has a liberal share of the public patronage. December 28, 
1876, he was married to Miss Alice Hagood, of Lexington, Missouri. 
They have one child: Rosa. He owns a house and lot in the city, and 
the stable situated on Lexington avenue. 

WILLIAM P. WALTON, P. O., Brownsville. Is the son of Col. W. 
P. and Jane T. Walton, and was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, 
February 22, 1851. His early life was spent in his father's hotel and at 
school. In 1864 he went to Texas, and remained there one year. Moved 
to this county, to the Sweet Springs hotel with his father, in 1869. In 
1871, was agent for one year, for the El Paso stage route. In 1872 he 
went into partnership with his father in the hotel business, in Brownsville; 
and at his father's death, in 1875, he purchased his mother's interest, and 
became sole proprietor. His mother died in May, 1878. February 25, 
1873, he was married to Miss Mary H. Edwards, granddaughter of Col. 
Green, one of the first settlers of Lafayette county. They have one child, 
Bettie Guerant. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. The City hotel 
has a wide reputation, and is the headquarters for commercial men. 
From 1874 to 1876 he was proprietor of the Sweet Springs hotel. 

GEORGE L. HAYS, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. Hays, who is a son of 
Dr. John B. and Mary L. Hays, was born August 14, 1835, in Pike 
county Missouri, where his early life was spent on a farm, and his educa- 
tion obtained at St. Paul's College, Palmyra, Missouri, where he gradu- 
ated in 1857. In 1858 he began the practice of law, in Savannah, Andrew 
county, Missouri. He remained in Savannah three years, and then, in 
1861, he moved to Brownsville, and began the practice of his profession, 
and now enjoys a large and growing practice. June 1, 1861, he was 



870 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

married to Miss Sarah R. Kerr, of Jacksonville, Illinois. They have four 
children: George G., Charles L., Mary E., and Catherine. Mr. Hays 
is a member of the Episcopal Church. 

JOSEPH W. HALL, P. O., Brownsville. Was born October 16, 
1807, in Lincoln county, Kentucky, and is the son of John and Rachel 
Hall, and was raised on his father's farm. He came to Missouri in 1832, 
and settled in Saline count}'^, first in Jonesboro, where he remained a 
couple of years. In 1834 he moved to Tabo Grove, in Lafayette county, 
where he remained, engaged in selling goods, until 1848. He then 
returned to this county, and settled on a farm four miles north of Browns- 
ville, where he continued until 1870. September 24, 1835, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Sarah C. Yantis, of Lafayette county, sister of Rev. Dr. 
Yantis. They have five children living: Mary C, William C, Mrs. 
Maria H. Kenedy, Robert A., and Carrie. In August, 1845, he was 
elected judge of the Lafayette county court, and served until 1848. In 
1870 he moved to Brownsville, where he now resides. He, his wife and 
daughters are all members of the Old School Presbyterian Church. 

THOMAS B. McENTIRE, P. O., Brownsville. Mr. T. B. McEntire 
is the son of John P. and Mary A. McEntire, and was born August 25, 
1844, in Sullivan county, Missouri, where his early life was spent on a 
farm. At the age of thirteen he went to Virginia and worked in a 
machine shop at Grafton, and stayed there two years. . (See soldiers' rec- 
ord.) Located as a jeweler in Marshall, Saline county, and stayed there 
two years. In the fall of 1870 he moved to Brownsville, and established 
himself there in the jewelry business, and has continued there ever since. 
He has entire control of the trade in this line. December 6, 1871, he was 
married to Miss MoUie Wooldridge, of Brownsville. Three children: 
Walter, Thomas, and Ernman. Mr. McEntire is a member of the I. O. 
O. F. 

WILLIAM HORNBERGER, P. O., Brownsville. Son of William 
and Mary Hornberger, was born May 5, 1838, in Lancaster county, Penn- 
sylvania, where he spent his early life on a farm. At the age of seven- 
teen he went to milling. In 1869 he came to Missouri and setdedin War- 
rensburg, where he remained several years, having charge of the Eureka 
mills at that place. In 1872 he moved to Brownsville, and continued five 
years as one of the milling firm of Land & Co. He then sold out to Mr. 
Land and went to Dunksburg. where he remained three 3-ears as miller. 
He then returned to Warrensburg, and again took charge of the Eureka 
mills for one year. Then he returned to Brownsville, and took charge of 
the mills of Land & Co. In 1860 he was married to Miss Matilda Brugh, 
of Fulton county, Indiana. One child, Sarah Ann. December 25, 1S60, 
his wife died. December 8, 1861, he was married again, to Miss Amanda 
McNally, of Fulton county, Indiana. They have five children : Curtis, 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 871 

John, William, Lizzie and Emory Dean. He is a member of the Metho- 
dist Church. 

D. L. BERRY, P. O., Brownsville. D. L. Berry is the son of Tyre 
H. and Hettie Berry, and was born in Miller county, Missouri, April 7, 
1837. His parents moved to Missouri, and settled on a farm near Browns- 
ville, Christmas, 1840, where his early life was spent. December 13,1858, 
he was married to Miss Sarah E. Prigmore, of Pettis county, grand- 
daughter of Benjamin Prigmore, one of the earliest settlers of Saline 
county, and daughter of Isaiah Prigmore. They have six children : Mary, 
John, Frank, Stella, Lennox and Tracy. Mr. Berry was elected constable 
of Salt Pond township in 1878, and re-elected in 1880. Is a member of 
the Christian Church. Is a member of A. F. and A. M; was W. M. of 
the lodge when chartered, and is W. M. now. A charter member of 
A. O. U. W. and of I. O. O. F. His father was one of the pioneer 
preachers of ^le Hard-side Baptist Church of this county. 

A. J. TISDALE, P. O., Brownsville. Son of William T. and Lydia 
Tisdale. Was born February 20, 1835, in Christian county, Kentucky. 
The 3'ear after his birth his parents moved to Missouri and settled in Ray 
county, on a farm, where, at school, the subject of this sketch spent his 
early life. At the age of fifteen he went to California, and remained in 
the far west until 186-1; was engaged in mining and freighting. In 1864- 
he returned to Missouri and settled in Dover, Lafayette count}^, engaged 
in selling goods, where he continued until 1869, when he moved to 
Brownsville and started a butcher shop. He is still in the butcher busi- 
ness. He owns an extensive coal mine near Brownsville. He was mar- 
ried December 14, 1865, to Miss Mattie Hunter, of Gallatin, Missouri, 
and they have six children: Forrest, Robert, Jennie, Victor, Lake and 
Mark. Is a member of I. O. O. F, and has served on the city board. 

A. S. REMBERT, P. O., Brownsville. The son of Alex and Rachel 
L. Rembert, was born in Murra}^ county, middle Tennessee, May 26, 
1841. His parents moved to Missouri in 1855, and settled in Bolivar, 
Pope county, where he arrived at manhood. Engaged in Bolivar in the 
tin and stove business, continuing in it for several years. In 1865 he 
moved to Brownsville and engaged in the same business, including farm 
implements etc., where he has continued ever since. In the summer of 
1864 he w^as married to Miss Annie D. Briles, of Pettis count}^, Missouri. 
They have three children, Lizzie M., Elma E. and Hallie P. Mr. Rem- 
bert is one of the strong business men of Brownsville, has a leading trade, 
and carries a large stock of goods. 

S.J.JOHNTZ, P. O., Brownsville. Is the son of Sam and Susan 
Johntz, and was born August 29, 1842, in Stark county, Ohio, where his 
early life was spent on a farm and at school. In 1870 he came to Mis- 
souri, and settled at Brownsville, with Thomas Ray, in the business of 



872 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTV. 

buying, feeding and shipping cattle. The firm have done a heavy bus- 
iness during the last ten years, and still continue to do so. In 1879 he 
also went into the business of buying and selling mules, with C. L. Col- 
lins as partner. They handle large numbers of this gay and festive 
animal. The firm of Johntz & Ray own stock scales near by, where 
stock can be weighed at any time. Mr. Johntz expects, during the 
present summer, to put up business houses on his valuable lots on Main 
street. Is a member of the I. O. O. F. 

JAMES T. WOOD, P. O., Brownsville. Was born near Arrow 
Rock, in this county, December 14, 1833, where his early life was spent 
on a farm, and at school. His parents, Charles W. and Sarah H. Wood, 
came to Saline county, in 1830, and settled near Arrow Rock. He 
clerked in the store of Jesse McMahan, in Arrow Rock, for some time, 
and then, in 1852, went to the California gold regions, and remained in 
the West until 1870, traveling extensively. In 1871 he settled down to 
business in Brownsville, in this county, and now enjoys a large share of 
the public patronage. November 1, 1871, he was married to Mrs. S. R. 
Pollard, of Brownsville. They have two children: Hattie Vest and 
Charles Pollard. Is a man of sterling integrity and business habits, a 
brother of Wm. H. Wood, of the firm of Wood & Huston, Marshall, 
Missouri. He is a member of the K. of P., and member of A. O. U. W., 
and has served on the school and city boards. 

C. F. ELSNER, P. O., Brownsville. Son of J. and D. Eisner, was 
born November 19, 1857, in Holstein, Germany, and was educated at 
Nortoif, in Holstein. In 1873 he came to the United States, and settled in 
Lexington, Missouri. He remained there about one year, engaged in the 
milling business, and then came to Brownsville; in about a year he went 
to Montrose and remained about a year. He then returned to Browns- 
ville, and took charge of the mill for Land & Co., and continued so em- 
ployed until his health failed. He then entered the manufacturing firm 
of the Wheeler manufacturing company, and was elected secretary of the 
company. The firm is extensively engaged in the manufacture of har- 
rows, and have a large and growing trade. They expect to build a 
larger and more commodious house this present summer, and include the 
manufacture of plows, wagons, &c. Mr. Eisner was married January 
15-, 1880, to Miss Mar}- Ehlers, of Brownoville, Missouri. Is a member 
of I. O. O. F., and treasurer of his lodge. 

DR. E. S. WEST, P. O., Brownsville. Born June 3, 1837, in Palmyra, 
Marion county, Missouri, and is the son of Corbin and Mary Ann West. 
Dr. West was educated at Van Rensselaer Academy, Ralls county, Mis- 
souri. At the age of eighteen he began teaching and the study of medi- 
cine at the same time. He graduated in the medical department of the 
State University of Iowa, at Keokuk, and in 1859, he began the practice 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 873 

of medicine at Keokuk. In 1860 he returned to Sidney, Ralls county, 
Missouri, and continued to practice there until 1865, when he moved to 
Brownsville, in Saline county, and permanently located there, combinint^ 
his practice with the sale of drugs. His health began to fail some years 
ago, when he abandoned the practice and turned his attention to specu- 
lating in real estate. He devoted much time to the improvement of the 
Sweet Springs, and is the originator of the "Sweet Springs Improve- 
ment Company." He made the first brick and built the first house 
in Brownsville. In 1871 he built a block of eleven two-story iron 
front buildings. Was a director in the Lexington Branch of the 
Missouri Pacific railroad, and owns valuable property both in and near 
Brownsville. Is a member of the Old School Presb3^terian Church and 
of the A. F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. March 4, 1858, he was married 
to Miss Dulcina J. Ely, of Ralls county, Missouri. They have had five 
children, only two now living: Lena and Edwin. Dr. West is a liberal 
and public-spirited citizen, and has added greatly to the improvement and 
prosperity of Brownsville and its vicinity. 

B. T. BELLAMY, P. O., Brownsville. Was born February 14, 1848, 
in Dover, Lafayette county, Missouri, and was educated in Waverly. Is 
the son of William and Sarah Bellamy. At the age of twenty-one he 
entered a dry goods store in Waverly. In 1872 he moved to Browns- 
ville, in Saline county, and engaged in business under the firm name 
of Chinn & Bellamy, handling boots and shoes. The firm continued 
three years, and then Bellamy bought out Chinn, and carried on the 
business for five years. In 1880 he sold out to H. S. Smith, and lost his 
store building in thciire of January 21, 1881. Mr. Bellamy was secretary 
of the Sweet Springs Fair Association for two years; is a member of A. 
F. and A. M., and owns 120 acres of land within a mile of the city. His 
brother-in-law, John M. Bellamy, was born in Dover, Missouri, Septem- 
ber 30, 1845. In 1871 he moved to Brownsville, and entered the general 
merchandise and grain business. In 1874 he sold his stock to Wood & 
Laughlin, and devoted his attention entirely to the grain trade, and from 
November — , 1875, to May, 1876, shipped 1,000,000 bushels of corn. 
July 14, 1869, he was married to Miss Anna H. Barclay, of Kansas City, 
and has two children living: William Bradford and Bertie J. 

WM. D. CARMACK, P. O., Brownsville. A son of Joseph and 
Sarah Carmack, was born July 16, 1821, on a farm in East Tennessee. 
In 1842, with his parents, he moved to Missouri, and settled on a farm 
near Brownsville, Saline county. He was married October 4, 1849, to 
Miss Caroline W. Berry, of Saline county. They have had seven child- 
ren, onlv three of whom are now living: Mrs. Emma Cayton, Joseph 
Franklin, and Sallie. In 184S he started a carding-machine in Browns- 
ville, which he ran about two years, and then sold out to Asa Pennington, 



874 HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 

in 1850, and went to California, where he only remained one year, and 
then returned to Brownsville. For several years after his return he 
engaged in the manufacture of wagons, carriages, etc. In 1872 he 
received as partner, Mr. Jacob A. Cayton, and is now the head of the 
firm of Carmack, Cayton & Co. The firm have an extensive trade. Is 
a member of A. F. & A. M. His wife was born in 1S30, and moved to 
Saline with her parents in 1837. 

J. J. THOM, P. O., Brownsville. Was born April 9, 1843, in Guil- 
ford county. North Carolina, and is the son of John R. and Mary J» 
Thom. His early life was spent on a farm, until the age of seventeen, 
when he engaged as salesman in a dry goods store. Although but a boy, 
he served three years, during the war, in the Confederate army. In 1868 
he came to Missouri, and settled in Brownsville, in this county, engaging 
in the drug business, which still claims his attention as junior member of 
the firm of Vaughn & Thom. On the 10th of May, 1866, he was mar- 
ried to Miss S. G. Coltrane, of Guilford county, North Carolina. They 
have had seven children, five of them living: Robert K., Mary R., Meta 
E., Emma B., and Bessie G. Mr. Thom is a member of the Old School 
Presbyterian Church, and of the A. O. U. W. Vaughn & Thom com- 
pose one of the chief drug firms of the city, and are doing a good and 
thriving business. 

P. D. VANDYKE, P. O., Brownsville. Is a son of John H. and 
Phoebe Vandyke, and was born February 5, 1828, in St. Clair county,. 
Alabama, where he spent most of his early life learning the tanning busi- 
ness with his father. August 12, 1848, he was married to Miss Emily 
Cothrun, of Cherokee county, Alabama, who died in 1857, leaving two 
children: Mary and Jennie. In 1859 he married Miss Victoria Goff. 
grand-daughter of the noted Baptist minister of Ohio, so named. They 
have five children: Charles, Stella, Maud, Royand Robert. In 1855 Mr. 
Vandyke moved to Bates county, and engaged there in selling goods 
until the fall of 1862. He theh went to Dresden, in Pettis county, and in 
1872 settled in Brownsville, in this county, selling goods for G. H. Hardy, 
with whom he had been connected for sixteen years, and when he sold 
out, continued with Mr. Robinson. He is a ruling elder in the Cumber- 
land Presbyterian Church. Is a member of A. F. and A. M. 

M. L. LAUGHLIN, P. O., Brownsville. The son of James and 
Letitia Laughlin, was born in Portage county, Ohio, where he was raised 
on a farm, and educated at Bethany College, West Virginia. At the age 
age of seventeen years he engaged in teaching and continued it until 1852, 
when he moved to Brownsville, and continued there his vocation of teach- 
ing. May 5, 1853, he was married to Mrs. Mary Waller, daughter of 
Thomas Farrell, of Lafayette county. Mrs. Waller moved to Browns- 
ville in 1838, and in 1847, kept the first boarding house ever kept in 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY. 875 

Brownsville. They have no living children. Mrs. Laughlin has three 
children by her first marriage: Mrs. E. A. Faries, Mrs. M. J. Hicklin, 
and Mrs. Fannie S. Drumhill. For four years, from 18fi7 to 187], he 
represented Saline county in the legislature, and in the state senate from 
1865 to 1867. He, his wife, and her daughters, are members of the 
Christian Church. He is trustee of the Sappington school fund for 
Salt Pond township. 

BENTON WILLIAM ROBINSON, P. O., Brownsville. Is the 
son of Gordon and Deborah Robinson, and was born December 3, 1827, 
in the city of New York, where his early life was spent at school and in 
a store. In 1837, he came with his parents to Missouri, and settled in St. 
Louis. In 1848, he moved to Clinton, in Henry county, where he engaged 
in general merchandise, and remained there until 1862. Then engaged in 
the same business at Labaddie, Franklin county, and then in 1877, moved 
to Brownsville, purchased the stock of goods owned by George H. Hard}'^, 
and entered into general mercantile business. In the fall of 1866, he 
was married to Miss Margaret F. North, of Franklin county. They have 
two children, Mary Louisa and Wilma J. Both he and his wife are mem- 
bers of the Methodist Church South. Was postmaster at Clinton during 
his stay in Henry county. 

M. M. WEEKLY, P. O., Brownsville. Was born November 3, 1831, 
in Warren county, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, where his early life was 
spent on a farm. He is the son of Elijah and Delila Weekly. At the 
age of twenty he served an apprenticeship as carpenter, and then as 
cabinet-maker. In October, 1857, he came to Missouri; stayed one win- 
ter at Jefferson City, then went to Lafayette county and engaged in busi- 
ness in Dover in 1860. In 1869 he moved to Brownsville, in Saline county, 
and went into the furniture business. In 1877 he took Mr. D. L. Smith 
in as partner. September 22, 1S59, he w^as married to Miss Mary J. 
Mathew, of Lafayette county. They have seven children: Elijah W., 
Elizabeth D., Alfred L., William H., Edward, Jennie, and Mary M. He 
is a member of the Baptist Church and of the A. O. U. W. 



876 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, tAe people of the United States, in order to form a more f erf ect union, 
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, -provide for the common 
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitu- 
tion for the United States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a 
congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house 
of representatives. 

Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members 
chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subsequent 
term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The num- 
ber of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand,but each 
state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration 
shall be made the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, 
Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, 
Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and Geor- 
gia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the execu- 
tive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof for six years; 
and each senator shall have one vote. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 877 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 
tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one- 
third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by resig- 
nation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 
executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of 
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall 
be chosen. 

The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the senate, 
but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro 
tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise 
the office of president of the United States. 

The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affimation. When the 
president of the United States is tried, the chief-justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence ot two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and 
punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators 
and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature 
thereof; but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such 
regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 

The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meet- 
ing shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law 
appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its mem- 
bers for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel 
a member. 



878 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on 
any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the consent 
of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place 
than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation 
for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the trea- 
sury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, 
felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of rep- 
resentatives; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as 
on other billls. 

Ever}- bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and 
the senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the president of 
the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and pro- 
ceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner .as if he 
had signed it, unless the congress, by their adjournment, prevents its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the senate 
and house of representatives may be necessary (except on a question of 
adjournment), shall be presented to the president of the United States, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 879 

and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, beint^ 
disapproved b}- him, shall be re-passed b}- two-thirds of the senate and 
house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed 
in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States: 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
states, and with the Indian tribes; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the 
subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin,. and fix 
the standard of weights and measures; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and cur- 
rent coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads; 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for 
limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respec- 
tive writings and discoveries; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas ; 
and oflfenses against the law of nations; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules con- 
cerning captures on land and water; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use 
shall be for a longer term than two years; 

To provide and maintain a navy; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval 
forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, 
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for 
governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline 
prescribed by congress; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and 
the acceptance of congress, become the seat of the government of the 
United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased bv 



880 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock 3^ards, and other needful 
buildings; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department 
or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by 
the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but 
a tax of duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to 
the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the 
receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no per- 
son holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; 
grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; 
make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; 
pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obliga- 
tion of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or 
duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty on tonnage, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 881 

keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement 
or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in 
war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit 
of delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the 
United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of 
four years, and, together with the vice-president chosen for the same term, 
be elected as follows: 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may 
direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senators and 
representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress; but no 
senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit 
under the United States shall be appointed an elector. 

[*The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the 
same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons 
voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of government of the United 
States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the sen- 
ate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open 
all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person hav- 
ing the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be 
a majority of the whole number of electors appointed: and if there be 
more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of 
votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose by bal- 
lot, one of them for president ; and if no person have a majority, then from 
the five highest on the list the said house shall in like manner choose the 
president. But, in choosing the president, the vote shall be taken by states,, 
the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this 
purpose shall consist of a member, or members, from two-thirds of the 
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In 
every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the great- 
est number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if 
there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall 
choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president.] 

The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the 
day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to 
the office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office 

*This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the twelfth amend- 
ment. 

56 



882 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen 
years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, res- 
ignation, or inabiHty to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, 
the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may by law 
provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of 
the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as 
president, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be 
removed, or a president shall be elected. 

The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compen- 
sation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period 
for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive during that 
period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

Before he enters upon the execution of his office he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath, or affirmation: 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office 
of president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, pre- 
serve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive depart- 
ments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, 
and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against 
the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, 
to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and 
he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of tlie senate, shall appoint 
embassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme 
court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are 
not herein otherwise prov^ided for, and which shall be established by law; 
but the congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers 
as they think proper in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the 
heads of departments. 

The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen 
during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions which shall 
expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information 
of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such 
measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraor- 
dinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of 
disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive 
embassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 883 

Sec. 4. The president, vice-president and all civil officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, 
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. 

Section 1. The judicial powder of the United States shall be vested in 
one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their office during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, 
arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting 
embassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty 
and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall 
be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state 
and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between 
citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states; 
and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or 
subjects. 

In all cases affecting embassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have 
appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and 
under such regulations as the congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; 
and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have 
been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall 
be at such place or places as the congress may b}'- law have directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levving 
war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and 
comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony 
of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 
the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several states. 



884 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who 
shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of 
the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to 
be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by congress into this Union ; but 
no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more 
states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the 
states concerned, as well as of the congress. 

The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules 
and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to 
the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as 
to prejudice an}^ claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union 
a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against 
invasion, and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when 
the legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it neces- 
sary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or, on the application 
of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states shall call a conven- 
tion for proposing amendments, which, in either case shall be valid to all 
intents and purposes as part of this constitution, when ratified by the leg- 
islatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three- 
fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- 
posed by the congress. Provided, that no amendment which ma}^ be 
made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in an}'^ 
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first 
article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
suffrage in the senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption 
of this constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this 
constitution as under the confederation. 

This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of 
the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



885 



of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or 
affirmation to support this constitution; but no religious test shall ever be 
required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United 
States. 

Article vii. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for 
the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the 
same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of 
September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and 
of the independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. In witness whereof we 
have hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

President, and Deputy from Virginia. 



New Hainpshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
RuFus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

New York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Patterson, 
David Brearlet, 
Jona. Dayton. 



Delaware. 
George Reed, 
John Dickinson, 
Jacob Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James A! 'Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dak. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 



Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsimons, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifplin, 
George Clymer, 

JaRED InGERSOLL, 

GoTTv. Morris. 

South Carolina. 
j. rutledgk, 
Charles Pincknet, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pincknet 
Pierce Butler. 



North Carolina. Georgia. 

Wm. Blount. Wm. Few, 

Hu. Williamson, Abr. Baldwin. 

Richard Dobbs Spaiqht. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution 

OF THE United States of America. 

Proposed by Congress and Ratified by the Legislatures of the several 

States pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

ARTICLE I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or 
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to 
petition the government for a redress of grievances. 

ARTICLE II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, 
the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

ARTICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in an}' house without 



886 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law, 

ARTICLE IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and efTects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

ARTICLE V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger: nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

ARTICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy 
and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the 
crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously 
ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the 
accusation ; to be confronted w ith the witnesses against him ; to have com- 
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assist- 
ance of counsel for his defense. 

ARTICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor 
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration, in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be con- 
strued to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor 
prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to 
the people. 

ARTICLE XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend 
to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. S87 

United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any 
foreign state. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Sec. 1. The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab- 
itant o.f the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots 
the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person 
voted for as vice-president, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons 
voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and 
of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and 
transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, 
directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, 
in presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certifi- 
cates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the great- 
est number of votes for president shall be the president, if such number 
be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person 
have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not 
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the house of 
representatives shall choose immediatel}', by ballot, the president. But in 
choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representa- 
tives from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con- 
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority 
of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of rep- 
resentatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice 
shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, 
then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or 
other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the 
greatest number of votes as vice-president shall be the vice-president, if 
such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed 
and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on 
the list the senate shall choose the vice-president; a quorum for that pur- 
pose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a 
majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no 
person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible 
to that of vice-president of the United States. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a pun- 
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropri- 
ate legislation. 

article XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and 



888 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of 
the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor den}- to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the law. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed; but when the right to vote 
at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice-president 
of the United States, representatives in congress, the executive and judi- 
cial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied 
to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of 
age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for 
participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein 
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens 
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age 
in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in congress, or 
elector of president and vice-president, or hold any office, civil or military, 
under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken 
an oath as a member of congress, or as an officer of the United States, or 
as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer 
of any state to support the constitution of the United States, shall have 
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or 
comfort to the enemies thereof. But congress may, by a vote of two- 
thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validit}'- of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be 
questioned. But neither the United States nor an}' state shall assume or 
pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal 
and void. 

Sec. 5. The congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on 
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Sec. 2. The congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 



Constitution of the State of Missouri, 

ADOPTED BY A VOTE OP THE PEOPLE, OCTOBER 30, 1875. WENT INTO OPERATION 

NOVEMBER 30, 1875. 



PREAMBLE. 

We, the people of Missouri, with profound reverence for the Supreme 
Ruler of the Universe, and i^rateful for his (j^oodness, do, for the better 
government of the state, estabhsh this constitution. 

ARTICLE I.— BOUNDARIES. 

Section 1. The boundaries of the state as heretofore established by 
law, are hereby ratified and confirmed. The state shall hare concurrent 
jurisdiction on the river Mississippi, and every other river bordering on the 
state, so far as the said rivers shall form a common boundary to this state 
and any other state or states; and the river Mississippi and the navigable 
rivers and waters leading to the same, shall be common highways, and 
forever free to the citizens of this state and of the United States, without 
any tax, duty, import or toll therefor, imposed by this state. 

ARTICLE II.— BILL OF RIGHTS. 

In order to assert our rights, acknowledge our duties, and proclaim the 
principles on which our government is founded, we declare: 

Section 1. That all political power is vested in, and derived from the 
people; that all government of right originates from the people, is founded 
upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. 

Sec. 2. That the people of this state have the inherent, sole and exclu- 
sive right to regulate the internal government and police thereof, and to 
alter and abolish their constitution and form of government whenever 
they may deem it necessary to their safety and happiness: Provided^ 
Such change be not repugnant to the constitution of the United States. 

Sec. 3. That Missouri is a free and independent state, subject only to 
the constitution of the United States; and as the preservation of the 
states and the maintenance of their governments, are necessary to an 
indestructible Union, and were intended to co-exist with it, the legislature 
is not authorized to adopt, nor will the people of this state ever assent to 
any amendment or change of the constitution of the United States which 
may in any wise impair the right of local self-government belonging to 
the people of this state. 

Sec. 4. That all constitutional government is intended to promote the 
general welfare of the people; that all persons have a natural right to life, 
liberty and the enjoyment of the gains of their own industry; that to give 
security to these things is the principal office of government, and that 
when government does not confer this security, it fails of its chief design. 

Sec. 5. That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship 
Almighty God according to the dictates of their own conscience; that no 
person can, on account of his religious opinions, be rendered ineligible to 
any office of trust or profit under this state, nor be disqualified from testi- 
fying, or from serving as a juror; that no human authority can control or 
interfere with the rights of conscience; that no person ought, by any law, 
to be molested in his person or estate, on account of his religious persua- 
sion or profession ; but the liberty of conscience hereb}' secured, shall not 
be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, nor to justify practices 



890 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

inconsistent with the good order, peace or safety of this state, or with the 
rights of others. 

Sec. 6. That no person can be compelled to erect, support or attend 
any place or system of worship, or to maintain or support any priest, min- 
ister, preacher or teacher of any sect, church, creed or denomination of re- 
ligion ; but if any person shall voluntarily make a contract for any such 
object, he shall be held to the performance of the same. 

Sec. 7. That no money shall ever be taken from the public treasury, 
directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect or denomination of religion, 
or in aid of any priest, preacher, minister or teacher thereof, as such; and 
that no preference shall be given to, nor any discrimination made against 
any church, sect or creed of religion, or any form of religious faith or wor- 
ship. 

Sec. 8. That no religious corporation can be established in this state, 
except such as may be created under a general law for the purpose only 
of holding the title to such real estate as may be prescribed by law for 
church edifices, parsonages and cemeteries. 

Sec. 9. That all elections shall be free and open ; and no power, civil 
or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the 
right of suffrage. 

Sec. 10. The courts of justice shall be open to every person, and cer- 
tain remedy afforded for every injury to person, propert}^ or character, 
and that right and justice should be administered without sale, denial or 
delay. 

Sec. 11. That the people shall be secure in their persons, papers, 
homes and effects, from unreasonable searches and seizures; and no war- 
rant to search any place, or seize any person or thing, shall issue without 
describing the place to be searched, or the person or thing to be seized, as 
nearly as may be; nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affir- 
mation reduced to writing. 

Sec. 12. That no person shall, for felony, be proceeded against crimi- 
nally otherwise than by indictment, except in cases arising in the land or 
naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or pub- 
lic danger; in all other cases, offenses shall be prosecuted criminally by in- 
dictment or information as concurrent remedies. 

Sec. 13. That treason against the state can consist only in levying 
war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort; 
that no person can be convicted of treason, unless on the testimon}'^ of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or on his confession in open court; that 
no person can be attainted of treason or felony by the general assembly; 
that no conviction can work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; 
that the estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives shall 
descend or vest as in cases of natural death; and when any person shall 
be killed by casualt}', there shall be no forfeiture by reason tliereof. 

Sec. 14. That no law shall be passed impairing the freedom of speech; 
that every person shall be free to say, write or publish whatever he will 
on any subject, being responsible for all abuse of that liberty; and that in 
all suits and prosecutions for libel, the truth thereof may be given in evi- 
dence, and the jury, under the direction of the court, shall determine the 
law and the fact. 

Sec. 15. That no ex fast facto law, nor law impairing the obligation 
of contracts, or retrospective in its operation, or making any irrevocable 
grant of special privileges or immunities, can be passed by the general 
assembly. 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. .H91 

Sec. 16. That imprisonment for debt shall not be allowed, except for 
the nonpayment of fines and penalties imposed for violation of law. 

Sec. 17. That the right of no citizen to keep and bear arms in defense 
of his home, person and propertjr, or in aid of the civil power, when thereto 
legally summoned, shall be called in question; but nothing herein con- 
tained is intended to justify the practice of wearing concealed weapons. 

Sec. is. That no person elected or appointed to any office or employ- 
ment of trust or profit under the laws of this state, or any ordinance of 
any municipality in this state, shall hold such office without personally 
devoting his time to the performance of the duties to the same belonging. 

Sec. 19. That no person who is now, or may hereafter become a col- 
lector or receiver of public money, or assistant or deputy of such collector 
or receiver, shall be eligible to any office of trust or profit in the state of 
Missouri under the laws thereof, or of an}^ municipality therein, until he 
shall have accounted for and paid over all the public money for which he 
may be accountable. 

Sec. 20. That no private property can be taken for private use with or 
without compensation, unless by the consent of the owner, except for pri- 
vate ways of necessity, and except for drains and ditches across the lands 
of others for agricultural and sanitary purposes, in such manner as may be 
prescribed by law ; and that whenever an attempt is made to take private 
property for a use alleged to be public, the question whether the contem- 
plated use be really public shall be a judicial question, and as such, judi- 
cially determined, without regard to any legislative assertion that the use 
is pubHc. 

Sec. 21. That private property shall not be taken or damaged for pub- 
lic use without just compensation. Such compensation shall be ascer- 
tained by a jury or board of commissioners of not less than three free- 
holders, in such manner as may be prescribed by law; and until the same 
shall be paid to the owner, or into court for the owner, the property shall 
not be disturbed, or the proprietary rififhts of the owner therein divested. 
The fee of land taken for railroad tracts without consent of the owner 
thereof, shall remain in such owner, subject to the use for which it is 
taken. 

Sec. 22. In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to 
appear and defend, in person, and by counsel; to demand the nature and 
cause of the accusation; to meet the witnesses against him face to face; to 
have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a 
speedy, public trial by an impartial jury of the county. 

Sec. 23. That no person shall be compelled to testify against himself 
in a criminal cause, nor shall any person, after being once acquitted by a 
jury, be again, for the same offense, put in jeopardy of life or liberty; but 
if the jury to which the question of his guilt or innocence is submitted 
fail to render a verdict, the court before which the trial is had may, in its 
discretion, discharge the jury and commit or bail the prisoner for trial at 
the next term of court, or if the state of business will permit, at the same 
term ; and if judgment be arrested after a verdict of guilty on a defective 
indictment, or if judgment on a verdict of guilty be reversed for error in 
law, nothing herein contained shall prevent a new trial of the prisoner on 
a proper indictment, or according to correct principles of law. 

Sec. 2-1. That all persons shall be bailable b}- sufficient sureties, ex- 
cept for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great. 

Sec. 25. That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. 



892 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Sec. 26. That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall never 
be suspended. 

Sec. 27. That the military shall always be in strict subordination to 
the civil power; that no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any 
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the 
manner prescribed by law. 

Sec 28. The right of trial by jur}^ as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain 
inviolate; but a jury for the trial of criminal or civil cases, in courts not of 
record, may consist of less than twelve men, as ma3^be prescribed b}- law. 
Hereafter, a grand jury shall consist of twelve men, any nine of whom 
concurring may find an indictment or a true bill. 

Sec. 29. That the people have the right peaceably to assemble for 
their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of gov- 
ernment for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance. 

Sec. 30. That no person shall be deprived of life, Hberty or property 
without due process of law. 

Sec. 31. That there cannot be in this state either slavery or involun- 
tary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall 
have been duly convicted. 

Sec 32. The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall 
not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others retained by the 
people. 

ARTICLE III. — THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. 

The powers of government shall be divided into three distinct depart- 
ments — the legislative, executive, and judicial — each of which shall be con- 
fided to a separate magistracy and no person, or collection of persons, 
charged with the exercise of pow^ers properly belonging to one of those 
departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the 
others, except in the instances in this constitution expressly directed or 
permitted. 

ARTICLE IV.— LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Section 1. The legislative power, subject to the limitations herein 
contained, shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives, to be 
styled "The General Assembly of the State of Missouri." 

representation and apportionment. 

Sec 2. The house of representatives shall consist of members to be 
chosen every second year by the qualified voters of the several counties, 
and apportioned in the following manner: The ratio of representation shall 
be ascertained at each apportioning session of the general assembly, by 
dividing the whole number of inhabitants of the state, as ascertained by 
the last decennial census of the United States, by the number two hun- 
dred. Each county having one ratio, or less, shall be entitled to one rep- 
resentative; each county having two and a half times said ratio, shall be 
entitled to two representatives; each county having four times said ratio, 
shall be entitled to three representatives; each county having six times 
such ratio, shall be entitled to four representatives, and so on above that 
number, giving one additional member for every two and a half additional 
ratios. 

Sec 3. When any county shall be entitled to more than one repre- 
sentative, the county court shall cause such county to be subdivided into 
districts of compact and contiguous territory, corresponding in number to 
the representatives to w^hich such county is entitled, and in population as 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 893 

nearly equal as may be, in each* of which the qualified voters shall elect 
one representative, who shall be a resident of such district: Provided^ 
That when any county shall be entitled to more than ten representatives, 
the circuit court shall cause such county to be subdivided into districts, so 
as to give each district not less than two, nor more than four representa- 
tives, who shall be residents of such district; the population of the districts to 
be proportioned to the number of representatives to be elected therefrom. 

Sec. 4. No person shall be a member of the house of representatives 
who shall not have attained the age of twenty-four years, who shall not be 
a male citizen of the United States, who shall not have been a qualified 
voter of this state two years, and an inhabitant of the county or [district 
which he may be chosen to represent, one year next before the day of his 
election, if such county or district shall have been so long established, but 
if not, then of the county or district from which the same shall have been 
taken, and who shall not have paid a state and county tax within one year 
next preceding the election. 

Sec. 5. The senate shall consist of thirty-four members, to be chosen 
by the qualified voters of their respective districts for four years. For the 
election of senators the state shall be divided into convenient districts, as 
nearly equal in population as may be, the same to be ascertained by the 
last decennial census taken by the United States. 

Sec. 6. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the 
age of thirty years, who shall not be a male citizen of the United States, 
who shall not have been a qualified voter of this state three years, and an 
inhabitant of the district which he may be chosen to represent one year 
next before the day of his election, if such district shall have been so long 
established; but if not, then of the district or districts from which the same 
shall have been taken, and who shall not have paid a state and county tax 
within one year next preceding the election. When any county shall be 
entitled to more than one senator, the circuit court shall cause such county 
to be subdivided into districts of compact and contiguous territory, and of 
population as nearly equal as may be, corresponding in number with the 
senators to which such county may be entitled; and in each of these one 
senator, who shall be a resident of such district, shall be elected by the 
qualified voters thereof. 

Sec. 7. Senators and representatives shall be chosen according to the 
rule of apportionment established in this constitution, until the next decen- 
nial census by the United States shall have been taken and the result 
thereof as to this state ascertained, when the apportionment shall be revised 
and adjusted on the basis of that census, and every ten years there- 
after upon the basis of the United States census; or if such census be not 
taken, or is delayed, then on the basis of a state census; such apportion- 
ment to be maSe at the fii-st session of the general assembl}^ after each 
such census: Provided, That if at any time, or from any cause, the general 
assembly shall fail or refuse to district the state for senators, as required 
in this section, it shall be the duty of the governor, secretary of state, and 
attorney-general, within thirty days after the adjournment of the general 
assembly on which such duty devolved, to perform said duty, and to file in 
the office of the secretar}- of state a full statement of the districts formed 
by them, including the names of the counties embraced in each district, 
and the numbers thereof; said statement to be signed by them, and 
attested by the great seal of the state, and upon the proclamation of the 
governor, the same shall be as binding and effectual as if done by the 
general assembly. 



894 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Sec. 8. Until an apportionment of representatives can be made, in 
accordance with the provisions of this article, the house of representa- 
tives shall consist of one hundred and forty-three members, which shall be 
divided among the several counties of the state, as follows: The county of 
St. Louis shall have seventeen; the county of Jackson four; the count}^ of 
Buchanan three; the counties of Franklin, Greene, Johnson, Lafayette, 
Macon, Marion, Pike, and Saline, each two, and each of the other coun- 
ties in the state, one. 

Sec. 9. Senatorial and representative districts may be altered, from 
time to time, as pubHc convenience ma}'' require. When any senatorial 
district shall be composed of two or more counties, they shall be contigu- 
ous; such districts to be as compact as may be, and in the formation of 
the same no county shall be divided. 

Sec. 10. The first election of senators and representatives, under this 
constitution, shall be held at the general election in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-six, when the whole number of representa- 
tives, and the senators from the districts having odd numbers, who shall 
compose the first class, shall be chosen; and in one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-eight, the senators from the districts having even num- 
bers, who shall compose the second class, and so on at each succeeding 
general election, half the senators provided for by this constitution shall 
be chosen. 

Sec. 11. Until the state shall be divided into senatorial districts, in 
accordance with the provisions of this article, said districts shall be con- 
stituted and numbered as follows: 

The First District shall be composed of the counties of Andrew, Holt, 
Nodaway and Atchison. 

Second District — The counties of Buchanan, DeKalb, -Gentry and 
Worth. 

Third District — The counties of Clay, Clinton and Platte. 

Fourth District -The counties of Caldwell, Ray, Daviess and Harrison. 

Fifth District — The counties of Livingston, Grundy, Mercer and Carroll. 

Sixth District — The counties of Linn, Sullivan, Putnam and Chariton. 

Seventh District — The counties of Randolph, Howard and Monroe. 

Eighth District — The counties of Adair, Macon and Schuyler. 

Ninth District — The counties of Audrain, Boone and Callaway. 

Tenth District — The counties of St. Charles and Warren. 

Eleventh District — The counties of Pike, Lincoln and Montgomery. 

Twelfth District — The counties of Lewis, Clark, Scotland and Knox. 

Thirteenth District — The counties of Marion, Shelby and Ralls. 

Fourteenth District — The counties of Bates, Cass and Henry. 

Fifteenth District — The county of Jackson. 

Sixteenth District — The counties of Vernon, Barton, Jasper, Newton 
and McDonald. 

Seventeenth District — The counties of Lafayette and Johnson. 

Eighteenth District — The counties of Greene, Lawrence, Barry, Stone 
and Christian. 

Nineteenth District — The counties of Saline, Pettis and Benton. 

Twentieth District — The counties of Polk, Hickory, Dallas, Dade, 
Cedar and St. Clair. 

Twenty-first District — The counties of Laclede, Webster, Wright, 
Texas, Douglas, Taney, Ozark and Howell. 

Twenty-second District — The counties of Phelps, Miller, Maries, Cam- 
den, Pulaski, Crawford and Dent. 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 895 

Twenty-third District — The counties of Cape Girardeau, Mississippi, 
New Madrid, Pemiscot, Dunklin, Stoddard and Scott. 

Twenty-fourth District — The counties of Iron, Madison, Bollinger, 
Wayne, Butler, Reynolds, Carter, Ripley, Oregon and Shannon. 

Twenty-fifth District — The counties of Franklin, Gasconade and Osage. 

Twenty-sixth District — The counties of Washington, Jefferson, St. 
Francois, Ste. Genevieve and Perry. 

Twenty-eighth District — The counties of Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan 
and Cole. 

St. Louis county shall be divided into seven districts, numbered respec- 
tively, as follows: 

Twenty-seventh, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, Thirty-second, 
Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth. 

Sec. 12. No senator or representative shall, during the term for which 
he shall have been elected, be appointed to any office under this state, or 
any municipality thereof; and no member of congress or person holding 
any lucrative office under the United States, or this state, or any munici- 
pality thereof, (militia offices, justices of the peace and notaries public 
excepted,) shall be eligible to either house of the general assembly, or remain 
a member thereof, after having accepted any such office or seat in either 
house of congress. 

Sec. 13. If any senator or representative remove his residence from 
the district or county for which he was elected, his office shall thereby be 
vacated. 

Sec. 14. Writs of election to fill such vacancies as may occur in either 
house of the general assembly, shall be issued by the governor. 

Sec. 15. Every senator and representative elect, before entering upon 
the duties of his office, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirm- 
ation: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will support the constitution 
of the United States and of the state of Missouri, and faithfully perform 
the duties of my office, and that I will not knowingly receive, directly or 
indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, for the performance or 
non-performance of any act or duty pertaining to my office, other than the 
compensation allowed by law." The oath shall be administered in the 
halls of their respective houses, to the members thereof, by some judge of 
the supreme court, or the circuit court, or the county court of Cole 
county, or after the organization, by the presiding officer of either house, 
and shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. Any member of 
either house refusing to take said oath or affirmation, shall be deemed to 
have thereby vacated his office, and any member convicted of having vio- 
lated his oath or affirmation, shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and be 
forever thereafter disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit in 
this state. 

Sec. 16. The members of the general assembly shall severally receive 
from the public treasury such compensation for their services as may, 
from time to time, be provided by law, not to exceed five dollars per day 
for the first seventy days of each session, and after that not to exceed one 
dollar per day for the remainder of the session, except the first session held 
under this constitution, and during revising sessions, when they may re- 
ceive five dollars per day for one hundred and twenty days, and one dollar 
per day for the remainder of such sessions. In addition to per diem, the 
members shall be entitled to receive traveling expenses or mileage, for any 
regular and extra session not greater than now provided by law; but no 
miember shall be entitled to traveling expenses or mileage for any extra 



896 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

session that may be called within one day after an adjournment of a regu- 
lar session. Committees of either house, or joint committees of both 
houses, appointed to examine the institutions of the state, other than those 
at the seat of government, may receive their actual expenses, necessarily 
incurred while in the performance of such duty; the items of such ex- 
penses to be returned to the chairman of such committee, and by him cer- 
tified to the state auditor, before the same, or any part thereof, can be 
paid. Each member may receive at each regular session an additional sum 
of thirty dollars, which shall be in full for all stationery used in his official 
capacity, and all postage, and all other incidental expenses and perquisites; 
and no allowance or emoluments, for any purpose whatever, shall be made 
to, or received b}' the members, or any member of either house, or for their 
use, out of the contingent fund or otherwise, except as herein expressly 
provided; and no allowance or emolument, for any purpose whatever, 
shall ever be paid to any officer, agent, servant or employe of either 
house of the general assembly, or of any committee thereof, except such 
per diem as may be provided for by law, not to exceed five dollars. 

Sec. 17. Each house shall appoint its own officers; shall be sole judge 
of the qualifications, election and returns of its own members; may deter- 
mine the rules of its own proceedings, except as herein provided ; may 
arrest and punish by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprison- 
ment in a county jail not exceeding ten days, or both, any person, not a 
member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by any disorderly or 
contemptuous behavior in its presence during its sessions; may punish its 
members for disorderly conduct; and with the concurrence of two-thirds 
of all members elect, may expel a member; but no member shall be ex- 
pelled a second time for the same cause. 

Sec. 18. A majority of the whole number ot members of each house 
shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may ad- 
journ from day to day, and may compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Sec. 19. The sessions of each house shall be held with open doors, 
except in cases which may require secrecy. 

Sec. 20. The general assembly elected in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-six shall meet on the first Wednesday after the 
first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven; and 
thereafter the general assembly shall meet in regular session once only in 
every two years; and such meeting shall be on the first Wednesday after 
the first day of January next after the elections of the members thereof. 

Sec. 21. Every adjournment or recess taken by the general assembly 
for more than three days, shall have the eflfect of and be an adjournment 
sine die. 

Sec. 22. Every adjournment or recess taken by the general assembly 
for three days or less, shall be construed as not interrupting the session at 
which they are had or taken, but as continuing the session for all the pur- 
poses mentioned in section sixteen of this article. 

Sec. 23. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn 
for more than two days at any one time, nor to any other place than that 
in which the two houses maybe sitting. 

LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS. 

Sec. 24. The style of the laws of this state shall be: *^ Be it enacted 
by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri^ as follows :'''' 

Sec 25. No law shall be passed, except by bill, and no bill shall be so 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 897 

amended in its passage through either house, as to change its original 
purpose. 

Sec. 26. Bills may originate in either house, and may he amended or 
rejected by the other; and every bill shall be read on three different days 
in each house. 

Sec. 27. No bill shall be considered for final passage unless the same 
has been reported upon by a committee and printed for the use of the 
members. 

Sec 28. No bill (except general appropriation bills, which may em- 
brace the various subjects and accounts for and on account of which moneys 
are appropriated, and except bills passed under the third subdivision of 
section forty-four of this article) shall contain more than one subject, which 
shall be clearly expressed in its title. 

Sec. 29, All amendments adopted by either house to a bill pending 
and originating in the same, shall be incorporated with the bill by engross- 
ment, and the bill as thus engrossed, shall be printed for the use of the 
members before its final passage. The engrossing and printing shall be 
under the supervision of a committee, whose report to the house shall set 
forth, in writing, that they find the bill truly engrossed, and that the 
printed copy furnished to the members is correct. 

Sec. 80. If a bill passed by either house be returned thereto, amended 
by the other, the house to which the same is returned shall cause the 
amendment or amendments so received to be printed under the same super- 
vision as provided in the next preceding section, for the use of the mem- 
bers before final action on such amendments. 

Sec. 31. No bill shall become a law, unless on its final passage the 
vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for and 
against the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of the members 
elected to each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor. 

Sec 32. No amendment to bills by one house shall be concurred in 
by the other, except by a vote of a majority of the members elected thereto 
taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for and against 
recorded upon the journal thereof; and reports of committees of confer- 
ence shall be adopted in either house only by the vote of a majority of the 
members elected thereto, taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those 
voting recorded upon the journal. 

Sec 33. No act shall be revived or re-enacted by mere reference to 
the title thereof, but the same shall be set forth at length, as if it were an 
original act. 

Sec 34. No act shall be amended by providing that designated words 
thereof be stricken out, or that designated words be inserted, or that desig- 
nated words be stricken out and others inserted in lieu thereof; but the 
words to be stricken out, or the words to be inserted, or the words to be 
stricken out and those inserted in lieu thereof, together with the act or 
section amended, shall be set forth in full, as amended. 

Sec 35. When a bill is put upon its final passage in either house, and^ 
failing to pass, a motion is made to reconsider the vote by which it was 
defeated, the vote upon such motion to reconsider shall be immediately 
taken, and the subject finally disposed of before the house proceeds to any 
other business. 

Sec 36. No law passed by the general assembly, except the general 
appropriation act, shall take effect or go into force until ninety days after 
the adjournment of the session at which it was enacted, unless in case of 
57 



898 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

an emergency, (which emergency must be expressed in the preamble or in 
the body of the act), the general assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds 
of all the members elected to each house, otherwise direct; said vote to be 
taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journal. 

Sec. 37. No bill shall become a law until the same shall have been 
signed by the presiding officer of each of the two houses, in open session; 
and before such officer shall affix his signature to any bill, he shall suspend 
all other business, declare that such bill will now be read, and that, if no 
objections be made, he will sign the same, to the end that it may become a 
law. The bill shall then be read at length, and if no objections be made, 
he shall, in presence of the house, in open session, and before any other 
business is entertained, affix his signature, which fact shall be noted on the 
journal, and the bill immediately sent to the other house. When it reaches 
the other house the presiding officer thereof shall immediately suspend all 
other business, announce the reception of the bill, and the same proceedings 
shall thereupon be observed, in every respect, as in the house in which it 
was first signed. If in either house any member shall object that any sub- 
stitution, omission, or insertion has occurred, so that the bill proposed to be 
signed is not the same in substance and form as when considered and 
passed by the house, or that any particular clause of this article of the 
constitution has been violated in its passage, such objection shall be passed 
upon by the house, and if sustained, the presiding officer shall withhold his 
signature; but if such objection shall not be sustained, then any five mem- 
bers may embody the same, over their signatures, in a written protest, 
under oath, against the signing of the bill. Such protest, when offered in 
the house, shall be noted upon the journal, and the original shall be an- 
nexed to the bill to be considered by the governor in connection therewith. 

Sec. 38. When the bill has been signed, as provided for in the preced- 
ing section, it shall be the duty of the secretary of the senate, if the bill 
originated in the senate, and of the chief clerk of the house of representa- 
tives, if the bill originated in the house, to present the same in person, on 
the same day on which it was signed as aforesaid, to the governor, 
and enter the fact upon the journal. Every bill presented to the governor, 
and returned within ten da3'^s to the house in which the same originated, 
with the approval of the governor, shall become a law, unless it be in vio- 
lation of some provision of this constitution. 

Sec. 39. Every bill presented as aforesaid, but returned without the 
approval of the governor, and with his objections thereto, shall stand as 
reconsidered in the house to which it is returned. The house shall cause 
the objections of the governor to be entered at large upon the journal, and 
proceed, at its convenience, to consider the question pending, which shall 
be in this form: "Shall the bill pass, the objections of the governor thereto 
notwithstanding?" The vote upon this question shall be taken by yeas 
and nays, and the names entered upon the journal, and if two-thirds of all 
the members elected to the house vote in the affirmative, the presiding 
officer of that house shall certify that fact on the roll, attesting the same 
by his signature, and send the bill, with the objections of the governor, to 
the other house, in which like proceedings shall be had in relation thereto; 
and if the bill receive a like majority of the votes of all the members elected 
to that house, the vote being taken by yeas and nays, the presiding officer 
thereof shall, in like manner, certify the fact upon the bill. The bill thus 
certified shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state, as an au- 
thentic act, and shall become a law in the same manner and with like effect 
as if it had received the approval of the governor. 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 899 

Sec. 40. Whenever the governor shall fail to perform his duty, as pre- 
scribed in section twelve, article V, of this constitution, in relation to any 
bill presented to him for his approval, the general assembly may, by joint 
resolution, reciting the fact of such failure and the bill at length, direct the 
secretary of state to enrol the same as an authentic act in the archives of 
the state, and such enrollment shall have the same eftect as an approval by 
the governor: Provided, That such joint resolution shall not be submit- 
ted to the governor for his approval. 

Sec. 41 . Within live years after the adoption of this constitution all 
the statute laws of a general nature, both civil and criminal, shall be re- 
vised, digested, and promulgated in such manner as the general assembly 
shall direct; and a like revision, digest, and promulgation shall be made 
at the expiration of every subsequent period of ten years. 

Sec. 42. Each house shall, from time to time, publish a journal of its 
proceedings, and the yeas and nays on any question shall be taken and 
entertjd on the journal at the motion of any two members. Whenever the 
yeas and nays are demanded, the whole list of members shall be called, 
and the names of the absentees shall be noted and published in the journal. 

LIMITATION ON LEGISLATIVE POWDER. 

Sec. 43. All revenue collected and moneys received by the state from 
any source whatsoever, shall go into the treasury, and the' general assem- 
bly shall have no power to divert the same, or to permit money to be drawn 
from the treasury-, except in pursuance of regular appropriations made by 
law. All appropriations of money by the successive general assemblies 
shall be made in the following order: 

First, For the payment of all interest upon the bonded debt of the 
state that may become due during the term for which each general 
assembly is elected. 

Second, For the benefit of the sinking fund, which shall not be less an- 
nualh' than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 

Third, For free public school purposes. 

Fourth, For the payment of the cost of assessing and collecting the 
revenue. 

Fifth, For the payment of the civil list. 

Sixth, For the support of the eleemosynary institutions of the state. 

Seventh, For the pay of the general assembly, and such other purposes 
not herein prohibited, as it may deem necessary; but no general assembly 
shall have power to make any appropriation of money for any purpose 
whatsoever, until the respective sums necessary for the purposes in this 
section specified have been set apart and appropriated, or to give pri- 
ority in its action to a succeeding over a preceding item as above enumer- 
ated. 

Sec. 44. The general assembly shall have no power to contract or to 
authorize the contracting of any debt or liability on behalf of the state, or 
to issue bonds or other evidences of indebtedness thereof, except in the 
following cases: 

First, In renewal of existing bonds, when they cannot be paid at matu- 
rity, out of the sinking fund or other resources. 

Second, On the occurring of an unforeseen emergency, or casual defi- 
ciency of the revenue when the temporary liability incurred, upon the rec- 
ommendation of the governor first had, shall not exceed the sum of two 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars for any one year, to be paid in not 
more than two years from and after its creation. 



900 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Third, On the occurring of any unforeseen emergency or casual defi- 
ciency of the revenue, when the temporary liability incurred or to be incur- 
red shall exceed the sum of two hundred and "fifty thousand dollars for 
any one year, the general assembly may submit an act providing for the 
loan, or tor the contracting of the liability, and containing a provision for 
levying a tax sufficient to pay the interest and principal when they become 
due, (the latter in not more than thirteen years from the date of its crea- 
tion) to the qualified voters of the state, and when the act so submitted 
shall have been ratified by a two-thirds majority, at an election held for 
that purpose, due publication having been made of the provisions of the 
act for at least three months before such election, the act thus ratified 
shall be irrepealable until the debt thereby incurred shall be paid, princi- 
pal and interest. 

Sec. 45. The general assembly shall have no power to give or to lend, 
or to authorize the giving or lending of the credit of the state in aid of or 
to any person, association or corporation, whether municipal or other, or to 
pledge the credit of the state in any manner whatsoever, for the payment 
of the liabilities, present or prospective, of any individual, association of 
individuals, municipal or other corporation whatsoever. 

Sec. 46. The general assembly shall have no power to make any 
grant, or to authorize the making of any grant of public money or thing of 
value to any individual, association of individuals, municipal or other cor- 
poration whatsoever: Provided, That this shall not be so construed as to 
prevent the grant of aid in a case of public calamity. 

Sec. 47. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize any 
county, city, town or township, or other political corporation or subdivision 
of the state now existing, or that may be hereafter established, to lend its 
credit, or to grant public money or thing of value in aid of, or to any indi- 
vidual, association or corporation whatsoever, or to become a stockholder 
in such corporation, association or company. 

Sec. 48. The general assembly shall have no power to grant, or to 
authorize any county or municipal authority to grant any extra compensa- 
tion, fee or allowance to a public officer, agent, servant or contractor, after 
service has been rendered or a contract has been entered into and per- 
formed in whole or in part, nor pay nor authorize the payment of any claim 
hereafter created against the state, or any county or municipality of the 
state under any agreement or contract made without express authority of 
law ; and all such unauthorized agreements or contracts shall be null and 
void. 

Sec. 49. The general assembly shall have no power hereafter to sub- 
scribe or authorize the subscription of stock on behalf of the state, in any 
corporation or association except for the purpose of securing loans hereto- 
fore extended to certain railroad corporations by the state. 

Sec. 50. The general assembly shall have no power to release or 
alienate the lien held by the state upon any railroad, or in anywise change 
the tenor or meaning, or pass any act explanatory thereof; but the same 
shall be enforced in accordance with the original terms upon which it was 
acquired. 

Sec. 51. The general assembly shall have no power to release or ex- 
tinguish, or authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, 
the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or individual, to 
this state, or to any county or other municipal corporation therein. 

Sec. 52. The general assembly shall have no power to make any ap- 
propriation of money, or to issue any bonds or other evidences of indebted- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 901 

ness for the payment, or on account, or in recognition of any claims audited, 
or that may hereafter be audited by virtue of an act entitled " An act to 
audit and adjust the war debt of the state, " approved March 19, 1874, or any 
act of a similar nature, until after the claims so audited shall have been 
presented to and paid by the government of the United States to the state 
of Missouri. 

Sec. 53. The general assembly shall not pass any local or speciallaw: 

Authorizing the creation, extension or impairing of liens: 

Regulating the affairs of counties, cities, townships, wards or school 
districts: 

Changing the names of persons or places: 

Changing the venue in civil or criminal cases: 

Authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining roads, 
highways, streets or alleys: 

Relating to ferries or bridges, or incorporating feny or bridge compa- 
nies, except for the erection of bridges crossing streams which form 
boundaries between this and any other state: 

Vacating roads, town plats, streets or alleys: 

Relating to cemeteries, grave yards or public grounds not of the state: 

Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children: 

Locating or changing county seats: 

Incorporating cities, towns or villages, or changing their charters: 

For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing the 
places of voting: 

Granting divorces: 

Erecting new townships, or changing township lines, or the lines of 
school districts: 

Creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of officers in 
counties, cities, townships, election or school districts: 

Changing the law of descent or succession: 

Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evi- 
dence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, justices of the 
peace, sheriffs, commissioners, arbitrators or other tribunals, or providing 
or changing methods for the collection of debts, or the enforcing of judg- 
ments, or prescribing the effect of judicial sales of real estate: 

Regulating the fees or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, 
justices of the peace, magistrates or constables: 

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing 
of school houses, and the raising of money for such purposes: 

Fixing the rate of interest; 

Affecting the estates of minors or persons under disability: 

Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures, or refunding moneys legally 
paid into the treasur}^: 

Exempting property from taxation: 

Regulating labor, trade, mining or manufacturing: 

Creating corporations, or amending, renewing, extending or explaining 
the charter thereof: 

Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or 
exclusive right, privilege or immunity, or to any corporation, association or 
individual, the right to lay down a railroad track: 

Declaring any named person of age: 

Extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or other- 
wdse relieving any assessor or collector of taxes from the due performance 
of their official duties, or their securities from liability: 



902 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds: 

Summoning or empanneling grand or petit juries: 

For limitation of civil actions: 

Legalizing the unauthorized or invalid acts of any officer or agent of 
the state, or of any county or municipality thereof. In all other cases 
where a general law can be made applicable, no local or special law shall 
be enacted; and whether a general law could have been made applicable 
in any case, is hereby declared a judicial question, and as such shall be ju- 
dicially determined without regard to any legislative assertion on that 
subject. 

Nor shall the general assembly indirectly enact such special or local 
law by the partial repeal of a general law ; but laws repealing local or 
special acts may be passed. 

Sec. 5L No local or special law shall be passed unless notice of the 
intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where 
the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall state 
the substance of the contemplated law, and shall be published at least 
thirty days prior to the introduction into the general assembly of such 
bill, and in the manner to be provided by law. The evidence of such 
notice having been published, shall be exhibited in the general assembly 
before such act shall be passed, and the notice shall be recited in the act 
according to its tenor. 

Sec. 55. The general assembly shall have no power, when convened 
in extra session by the governor, to act upon subjects other than those 
specially designated in the proclamation by which the session is called, or 
recommended by special message to its consideration by the governor 
after it shall have been convened. 

Sec. 56. The general assembly shall have no power to remove the 
seat of government of this state from the city of Jefferson. 

ARTICLE V. — EXECUTIVE department. 

Section 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor, 
lieutenant governor, secretar}^ of state, state auditor, state treasurer, 
attorney general and superintendent of public schools, all of whom, except 
the lieutenant governor, shall reside at the seat of government during 
their term of office, and keep the public records, books and papers there, 
and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 2. The term of office of the governor, lieutenant governor, sec- 
retary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney general and super- 
intendent of public schools, shall be four years from the second Monday 
of January next after their election, and until their successors are elected 
and qualified; and the governor and state treasurer shall be ineligible to 
re-election as their own successors. At the general election to be held in 
the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and every four 
years thereafter, all of such officers, except the superintendent of pubHc 
schools, shall be elected, and the superintendent of public schools shall be 
elected at the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-eight, and every four years thereafter. 

Sec. .3. The returns of ever}- election for the above named officers 
shall be sealed up and transmitted by the returning officers to the secre- 
tary of state, directed to the speaker of the house of representatives, who 
shall immediately, after the organization of tiie house, and before proceed- 
ing to other business, open and publish the same in the presence of a 
majority of each house of the general assembly, who shall for that pur- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 903 

pose assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The person 
having the highest number of votes for either of said offices shall be 
declared duly elected; but if two or more shall have an equal and the 
highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, b}' joint vote, choose 
one of such persons for said office. 

Sec. 4. The supreme executive power shall be vested in a chief mag- 
istrate, who shall be styled "the governor of the state of Missouri." 

Sec. 5. The governor shall be at least thirty-live years old, a male, 
and shall have been a citizen of the United States ten years, and a resi- 
dent of this state seven years next before his election. 

Sec. 6. The governor shall take care that the laws are distributed and 
faithfully executed ; and he shall be a conservator of the peace through- 
out the state. 

Sec. 7. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the militia of 
this state, except when they shall be called into the service of the United 
States, and may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrec- 
tion and repel invasion ; but he need not command in person unless 
directed so to do by a resolution of the general assembly. 

Sec. 8. The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commuta- 
tions and pardons, after conviction, for all oti'enses, except treason and 
cases of impeachment, upon such condition and with such restrictions and 
limitations as he may think proper, subject to such regulations as may be 
provided by law relative to the manner of appljang for pardons. He shall, 
at each session of the general assembly, communicate to that body each 
case of reprieve, commutation or pardon granted, stating the name of the 
convict, the crime of which he was convicted, the sentence and its date, 
the date of the commutation, pardon or reprieve, and the reason for grant- 
ing the same. 

Sec. 9. The governor shall, from time to time, give to the general 
assembly information relative to the state of the government, and shall 
recommend to its consideration such measures as he shall deem necessary 
and expedient. On extraordinary occasions he may convene the general 
assembly by proclamation, wherein he shall state specifically each matter 
concernmg which the action of that body is deemed necessary. 

Sec. 10. The governor shall, at the commencement of each session of 
the general assembly, and at the close of his term of office, give informa- 
tion oy message, of the condition of the state, and shall recoijimend such 
measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall account to the general 
assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, for all moneys 
received and paid out by him from any funds subject to his order, with 
vouchers; and at the commencement of each regular session, present esti- 
mates of the amount of mone}- required to be raised by taxation for all 
purposes. 

Sec. 11. When any office shall become vacant, the governor, unless 
otherwise provided by law, shall appoint a person to fill such vacancy, 
who shall continue in office until a successor shall have been duly elected 
or appointed and qualified according to law. 

Sec. 12. The governor shall consider all bills and joint resolutions, 
which, having been passed by both houses of the general assembly, shall 
be presented to him. He shall, within ten days after the same shall have 
been presented to him, return to the house in which they respectively 
originated, all such bills and joint resolutions, with his approval endorsed 
thereon, or accompanied by his objections: Provided, That if the general 
assembly shall finally adjourn within ten days after such presentation, 



904 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

the governor ma}'-, within thirty days thereafter, return such bills and res- 
olutions to the office of the secretary of state, with his approval or reasons 
for disapproval. 

Sec. 1.3. If any bill presented to the governor contain several items 
of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more items while 
approving other portions of the bill. In such case he shall append to the 
bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items to which he objects, 
and the appropriations so objected to shall not take effect. If the general 
assembly be in session, he shall transmit to the house in which the bill 
originated a copy of such statement, and the items objected to shall be 
separately reconsidered. If it be not in session, then he shall transmit the 
same within thirty days to the office of secretary of state, with his approval 
or reasons for disapproval. 

Sec. 14. Every resolution to which the concurrence of the senate and 
house of representatives may be necessary, except on questions of adjourn- 
ment, of going into joint session, and of amending this constitution, shall 
be presented to the governor, and before the same shall take eflect, shall 
be proceeded upon in the same manner as in the case of a bill: Provided^ 
That no resolution shall have the effect to repeal, extend, alter or amend 
any law. 

Sec. 15. The lieutenant governor shall possess the same qualifications 
as the governor, and by virtue of his office shall be president of the senate. 
In committee of the whole he may debate all questions; and when there 
is an equal division he shall give the casting vote in the senate, and also in 
joint vote of both houses. 

Sec. 16. In case of death, conviction, or impeachment, failure to qual- 
ify, resignation, absence from the state, or other disability of the governor, 
the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office for the residue of the 
term, or until the disabilit}^ shall be removed, shall devolve upon the lieu- 
tenant governor. 

Sec. 17. The senate shall choose a president ^ro tempore to preside in 
cases of the absence or impeachment of the lieutenant-governor, or when 
he shall hold the office of governor. If there be no lieutenant-governor, 
or the lieutenant governor shall, for any of the causes specified in section 
sixteen, of this article, become incapable of performing the duties of the 
office, the president of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy 
is filled, or the disability removed; and if the president of the senate, for 
any of the above named causes, shall become incapable of performing the 
duties of governor, the same shall devolve upon the speaker of the house 
of representatives, in the same manner, and with the same powers and 
compensation as are prescribed in the case of the office devolving upon 
the lieutenant-governor. 

Sec 18. The lieutenant-governor, or the president pro tempore of the 
senate, while presiding in the senate, shall receive the same compen- 
sation as shall be allowed to the speaker of the house of representatives. 

Sec 19. No person shall be eligible to the office of secretary of state, 
state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-general, or superintendent of public 
schools, unless he be a male citizen of the United States, and at least 
twenty-five years old, and shall have resided in this state at least five years 
next before his election. 

Sec 20. The secretar}- of state shall be the custodian of the seal of 
the state, and authenticate therewith all official acts of the governor, his 
approval of laws excepted. The said seal shall be called the "Great Seal 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 905 

of the State of Missouri," and the emblems and devices thereof, hereto- 
fore prescribed by law, shall not be subject to change. 

Sec. 21. The secretary of state shall keep a register of the official acts 
of the governor, and when necessary, shall attest them, and lay copies of 
the same, together with copies of all papers relative thereto, before either 
house of the general assembly whenever required to do so. 

Sec. 22. An account shall be kept by the officers of the executive 
department of all moneys and choses in action disbursed, or otherwise dis- 
posed of by them severall}', from all sources, and for every service per- 
formed; and a semi-annual report thereof shall be made to the governor 
under oath. The governor may at any time require information, in writ- 
ing, under oath, from the officers of the executive department, and all 
officers and managers of state institutions, upon any subject relating to 
the condition, management and expenses of their respective offices and 
institutions; which information, when so required, shall be furnished by 
such officers and managers, and any officer or manager who at any time 
shall make a false report, shall be guilty of perjury and punished accord- 
ingly. 

Sec. 2y. The governor shall commission all officers not otherwise pro- 
vided for by law. All commissions shall run in the name and by the 
authority of the state of Missouri, be signed by the governor, sealed with 
the great seal of the state of Missouri, and attested by the secretary of state. 

Sec. 24. The officers named in this article shall receive for their ser- 
vices a salary to be established by law, which shall not be increased or 
<liminished during their official terms; and they shall not, after the expir- 
ation of the terms of those in office at the adoption of this constitution, 
receive to their own use any fees, costs, perquisites of office, or other com- 
pensation. All fees that may hereafter be payable by law for anv service 
performed by any officer provided for in this article shall be paid in 
advance into the state treasury. 

Sec. 25. Contested elections of governor and lieutenant-governor 
shall be decided by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, 
in such manner as may be provided by law; and contested elections of 
secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-general, and su- 
perintendent of public schools shall be decided before such tribunal, and 
in such manner as may be provided by law. 

ARTICLE VI.— JLT)rciAL depaktment. 

Section 1. The judicial power of the state, as to matters of law and 
equity, except as in this constitution otherwise provided, shall be vested 
in a supreme court, the St. Louis court of appeals, circuit courts, crim- 
inal courts, probate courts, count}^ courts, and municipal corporation courts. 

Sec. 2. The supreme court, except in cases otherwise directed by this 
constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-ex- 
tensive with the state, under the restrictions and limitations in this consti- 
tution provided. 

Sec. 3. The supreme court shall have a general superintending con- 
trol over all inferior courts. It shall have power to issue writs of habeas 
corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, and other original remedial 
writs, and to hear and determine the same. 

Sec. 4. The judges of the supreme court shall hold office for the term 
of ten 3-ears. The judge oldest in commission shall be chief Justice of the 
court; and, if there be more than one commission of the same date, the 
court may select the chief justice from the judges holding the s^me. 



906 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Sec. 5. The supreme court shall consist of five judges, any three of 
whom shall constitute a quorum; and said judges shall be conservators of 
the peace throughout the state, and shall be elected by the qualified voters 
thereof. 

Sec. 6. The judges of the supreme court shall be citizens of the 
United States, not less than thirty years old, and shall have been citizens 
of this state for five years next preceding their election or appointment, 
and shall be learned in the law. 

Sec. 7. The full terms of the judges of the supreme court shall com- 
mence on the first day of January next ensuing their election, and those 
elected to fill any vacancy shall also enter upon the discharge of their 
duties on the first day of January next ensuing such election. Those ap- 
pointed shall enter upon the discharge of their duties as soon as qualified. 

Sec. 8. The present judges of the supreme court shall remain in 
office until the expiration of their respective terms of office. To fill their 
places as their terms expire, one judge shall be elected at the general 
election in eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and one every two years 
thereafter. 

Sec 9. The supreme court shall be held at the seat of government at 
such times as may be prescribed by law; and until otherwise directed by 
law, the terms of said court shall commence on the third Tuesday in Octo- 
ber and April of each year. 

Sec 10. The state shall provide a suitable court room at the seat of 
government, in which the supreme court shall hold its sessions; also a 
clerk's office, furnished offices for the judges, and the use of the state 
library. 

Sec. 11. If, in any cause pending in the supreme court, or the St. 
Louis court of appeals, the judges sitting shall be equally divided in opin- 
ion, no judgment shall be entered therein based on such division; but the 
parties to the cause may agree up? ^ some person, learned in the law, to 
act as special judge in the cause, w .j shall therein sit with the court, and 
give decision in the same manner and with the same effect as one of the 
judges. If the parties cannot agree upon a special judge, the court shall 
appoint one. 

Sec 12. There is hereby established in the city of St. Louis an appel- 
late court, to be known as the " St. Louis court of appeals," the jurisdic- 
tion of which shall be coextensive with the city of St. Louis and the coun- 
ties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Lincoln and Warren. Said court shall have 
power to issue writs of habeas corpus, quo warranto, mandamus, certiorari, 
and other original remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same; and 
shall have a superintending control over all inferior courts of record in said 
counties. Appeals shall he from the decisions of the St. Louis court of ap- 
peals to the supreme court, and writs of error may issue from the supreme 
court to said court in the following cases only: In all cases where the 
amount in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum of two thousand five 
hundred dollars; in cases involving the construction of the constitution of 
the United States or of this state; in cases w'here the validity of a treat}- or 
statute of, or authorit}^ exercised under the United States is drawn in ques- 
tion ; in cases involving the construction of the revenue laws of this state, 
or the title to any office under this state; in cases involving title to real 
estate; in cases where a county or other political subdivision of the state, 
or an}' state officer is a party, and in all cases of felony. 

Sec. 13. The St. Louis court of appeals shall consist of three judges, 
to be elected by tl;ie qualified voters of the city of St. Louis, and the coun- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 007 

ties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Lincoln and Warren, who shall hold their 
offices for the period of twelve years. They shall be residents of the dis- 
trict composed of said counties, shall possess the same qualifications as 
judges of the supreme court, and each shall receive the same compensation 
as is now, or ma}- be, provided by law for the judges of the circuit court of 
St. Louis county, and be paid from the same sources: Provided, That 
each of said counties shall pay its proportional part of the same, according 
to its taxable propert}-. 

Sec. 14. The judges of said court shall be conservators of the peace 
throughout said counties. Any two of said judges shall constitute a quo- 
rum. There shall be two terms of said court to be held each year, on the 
first Monday of March and October, and the first term of said court shall 
be held on the first Monday in Januar}^, 1876. 

Sec. 15. The opinions of said court shall be in writing, and shall be 
filed in the cases in which they shall be respectively made, and become 
parts of their record ; and all laws relating to the practice in the supreme 
court shall apply to this court, so far as the same may be applicable. 

Sec. 16. At the first general election held in said city and counties 
after the adoption of this constitution, three judges of said court shall be 
elected, who shall determine by lot the duration of their several terms of 
office, which shall be respectively four, eight and twelve years, and certify 
the result to the secretar}- of state ; and every four years thereafter one 
judge of said court shall be elected to hold office for the term of twelve 
years. The term of office of such judges shall begin on the first Monday 
m January next ensuing their election. The judge having the oldest 
license to practice law in this state, shall be the presiding judge of said 
court. 

Sec. 17. Upon the adoption of this constitution the governor shall 
appoint three judges for said court, who shall hold their offices until the 
first Monday of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and until 
their successors shall be duly qualified. 

Sec. 18. The clerk of the supreme court at St. Louis shall be the clerk 
of the St. Louis court of appeals until the expiration of the term for which 
he was appointed clerk of the supreme court, and until his successor shall 
be duly qualified. 

Sec. 19. All cases which may be pending in the supreme court at St. 
Louis at the time of the adoption of this constitution, which by its terms 
would come within the final appellate jurisdiction of the St. Louis court of 
appeals, shall be certified and transferred to the St. Louis court of appeals, 
to be heard and determined by said court. 

Sec. 20. All cases coming to said court b}- appeal, or writ of error, 
shall be triable at the expiration of fifteen days from the filing of the tran- 
script in the office of the clerk of said court. 

Sec. 21. Upon the adoption of this constitution, and after the close of 
the next regular terms of the supreme court at St. Louis and St. Joseph, as 
now established bv law, the office of the clerk of the supreme court at St. 
Louis and St. Joseph shall be vacated, and said clerks shall transmit to the 
clerk of the supreme court at Jeffierson City all the books, records, docu- 
ments, transcripts and papers belonging to their respective offices, except 
those required by section nineteen of this article, to be turned over to the 
St. Louis court of appeals: and said records, documents, transcripts and 
papers shall become part of the records, documents, transcripts and papers 
of said supreme court at Jefferson City, and said court shall hear and 
determine all the cases thus transferred as other cases. . « 



908 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Sec. 22. The circuit court shall have jurisdiction over all criminal 
cases not otherwise provided for by law; exclusive original jurisdiction in 
all civil cases not otherwise provided for; and such concurrent jurisdiction 
with, and appellate jurisdiction from inferior tribunals and justices of the 
peace as is or ma}^ be provided by law. It shall hold its terms at such 
times and places in each count}'^ as may be by law directed: but at least 
two terms shall be held every year in each countv. 

Sec. 23. The circuit court shall exercise a superintending control over 
criminal courts, probate courts, county courts, municipal corporation 
courts, justices of the peace, and all inferior tribunals in each county in 
their respective circuits. 

Sec. 24. The state, except as otherwise provided in this constitution, 
shall be divided into convenient circuits of contiguous counties, in each of 
which circuits one circuit judge shall be elected; and such circuits may be 
changed, enlarged, diminished or abolished, from time to time, as public 
convenience may require; and whenever a circuit shall be abolished, the 
office of the judge of such circuit shall cease. 

Sec. 25. The judges of the circuit courts shall be elected by the quali- 
fied voters of each circuit; shall hold their offices for the term of six years, 
and shall reside in and be conservators of the peace within their respective 
circuits. 

Sec 26. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the cir- 
cuit court who shall not have attained the age of thirt}^ years, been a citi- 
zen of the United States five years, a qualified voter of this state for three 
years, and who shall not be a resident of the circuit in which he may be 
elected or appointed. 

Sec. 27. T<he circuit court of St. Louis county shall be composed of 
five judges, and such additional number as the general assembly may, 
from time to time, provide. Each of said judges shall sit separately for 
the trial of causes and the transaction of business in special term. The 
judges of said circuit court may sit in general term, for the purpose of 
making rules of court, and for the transaction of such other business as 
may be provided by law, at such time as they may determine ; but shall have 
no power to review any order, decision or proceeding of the court in 
special term. The St. Louis court of appeals shall have exclusive jurisdic- 
tion of all appeals from, and writs of error to circuit courts of St. Charles, 
Lincoln and Warren counties, and the circuit court of St. Louis county, in 
special term, and all courts of record having criminal jurisdiction in said 
counties. 

Sec. 28. In any circuit composed of a single county, the general assem- 
bly may, from time time, provide for one or more additional judges, as the 
business shall require; each of whom shall separately tr^^ cases and per- 
form all other duties imposed upon circuit judges. 

Sec. 29. If there be a vacancy in^ the office of judge of any circuit, or 
if the judge be sick, absent, or from any cause unable to hold any term, or 
part of term of court, in any county in his circuit," such term, or part of 
term of court, may be held by a judge of any other circuit; and at the re- 
quest of the judge of any circuit, any term of court, or part of term in his 
circuit, may be held by the judge of any other circuit, and in all such cases, 
OF in any case where the judge cannot preside, the general assembly shall 
make such additional provision for holding court as may be found necessary. 

Sec 30. The election of judges of all courts of record shall be held as 
is or may be provided by law, and in case of a tie or contested election be- 
tween the candidates, the same shall be determined as prescribed by law. 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 909 

Sec. 31. The general assembly shall have no power to establish crim- 
inal courts, except m counties having a population exceeding fifty thousand. 

Sec. 32. In case the ofiice of judge of any court of record becomes va- 
cant by death, resignation, removal, failure to qualify, or otherwise, such 
vacancy shall be filled in the manner provided by law. 

Sec 33. The judges of the supreme, appellate and circuit courts, 
and of all other courts of record receiving a salary, shall, at stated times, 
receive such compensation for their services as is or may be prescribed by 
law; but it shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which 
they were elected. 

Sec. 34. The general assembly shall establish in every county a pro- 
bate court, which shall be a court of record, and consist of one judge, who 
shall be elected. Said court shall have jurisdiction over all matters per- 
taining to probate business, to granting letters testamentary and of admin- 
istration, the appointment of guardians and curators of minors and persons 
of unsound mind, settling the accounts of executors, administrators, cura- 
tors and guardians, and the sale or leasing of lands by administrators, 
curators and guardians; and, also, jurisdiction over all matters relating to 
apprentices: Provided, That until the general assembly shall provide by 
law for a uniform system of probate courts, the jurisdiction of probate 
courts heretofore established shall remain as now provided by law. 

Sec. 35. Probate courts shall be uniform in their organization, juris- 
diction, duties and practice, except that a separate clerk may be provided 
for, or the judge may be required to act, cx-officio, as his own clerk. 

Sec 36. In each county there shall be a county court, which shall be 
a court of record, and shall have jurisdiction to transact all county and 
such other business as may be prescribed by law. The court shall consist 
of one or more judges, not exceeding three, of whom the probate judge 
may be one, as may be provided by law. 

Sec 37. In each county there shall be appointed, or elected, as many 
justices of the peace as the public good may require, whose powers, duties 
and duration in office shall be regulated by law. 

Sec 38. All writs and process shall run, and all prosecutions shall be 
conducted in the name of the "state of Missouri;" all writs shall be 
attested by the clerk of the court from which they shall be issued; and all 
indictments shall conclude " against the peace and dignity of the state." 

Sec 39. The St. Louis court of appeals and supreme court shall 
appoint their own clerks. The clerks of all other courts of record shall 
be elective, for such terms and in such manner as may be directed b}' law ; 
■provided, that the term of office of no existing clerk of any court of record, 
not abolished by this constitution, shall be affected by such law. 

Sec 40. In case there be a tie, or a contested election between can- 
didates for clerk of an_y court of record, the same shall be determined 
in such manner as may be directed by law. 

Sec 41. In case of the inability of any judge of a court of record to 
discharge the duties of his office with efficiency, b}'^ reason of continued 
sickness, or physical or mental infirmity, it shall be in the power of the 
general assembly, two thirds of the members of each house concurring, 
with the approval of the governor, to remove such judge from office; but 
each house shall state on its respective journal the cause for which it shall 
wish his removal, and give him notice thereof, and he shall have the right 
to be heard in his defense, in such manner as the general assembly shall 
by law direct. 

Sec 42. All courts now existing in this state, not named or provided 



910 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

for in this constitution, shall continue until the expiration of the terms of 
office of the several judjres; and as such terms expire, the business of'said 
court shall vest in the court having jurisdiction thereof in the counties 
where said courts now exist, and all the records and papers shall be trans- 
ferred to the proper courts. 

Sec. 43. The supreme court of the state shall designate what opin- 
ions delivered by the court, or the judge thereof, may be printed at the ex- 
pense of the state; and the general assembly shall make no provision for 
payment by the state for the publication of any case decided by said court, 
not so designated. 

Sec. 44. All judicial decisions in this state shall be free for publica- 
tion by any person. 

ARTICLE VII— IMPEACHMENTS. 

Section 1. The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, 
state auditor, state treasurer, attorney general, superintendent of pub- 
lic schools, and judges of the supreme, circuit and criminal courts, and 
of the St. Louis court of appeals, shall be liable to impeachment for high 
crimes or misdemeanors, and for misconduct, habits of drunkenness, or op- 
pression in office. 

Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of 
impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate, and, when 
sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be sworn to do justice according 
to law and evidence. When the governor of the state is on trial, the chief 
justice of the supreme court shall preside. No person shall be convicted 
without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators present. But judg- 
ment in such cases shall not extend any further than removal from office, 
and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under this 
state. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, nevertheless, be 
liable to prosecution, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. 

ARTICLE VIII.— SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS. 

Section 1. The general election shall be held biennially on the Tues- 
day next following the first Monday in November. The first general elec- 
tion under this constitution shall be held on that day, in the year one thou- 
sand eight hundred and seventy-six; but the general assemblv may, by 
law, fix a different day, two-thirds of all the members of each house con- 
senting thereto. 

Sec. 2. Every male citizen of the United States, and every male per- 
son of foreign birth, who may have declared his intention to become a citi- 
zen of the United States according to law, not less than one year nor more 
than five j'^ears before he offers to vote, who is over the age of twenty-one 
years, possessing the following qualifications, shall be entitled to vote at 
all elections by the people: 

F'irst^ He shall have resided in the state one year immediately preceding 
the election at which he offers to vote. 

Second., He shall have resided in the county, city or town where he 
shall offer to vote, at least sixty days immediately preceding the election. 

Sec. 3. All elections by the people shall be by ballot ; every ballot voted 
shall be numbered in the order in which it shall be received, and the 
number recorded by the election officers on the list of voters, opposite the 
name of the voter who presents the ballot. The election officers shall be 
sworn or affirmed not to disclose how any voter shall have voted, unless 
required to do so as witnesses in a judicial proceeding: Provided, That in all 
cases of contested elections the ballots cast may be counted, compared with 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 911 

the list of voters, and examined under such safeguards and regulations as 
may be prescribed b}-- law. 

Sec. 4. Voters shall, in all cases except treason, felony or breach of 
the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, 
and in going to and returning therefrom. 

Sec. 5. The general assembly shall provide, by law, for the registra- 
tion of all voters in cities and counties having a population of more than 
one hundred thousand inhabitants, and may provide for such registration in 
cities having a population exceeding twenty-five thousand inhabitants and 
not exceeding one hundred thousand, but not otherwise. 

Sec. 6. All elections, by persons in a representative capacity, shall be 
viva voce. 

Sec. 7. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have 
gained a residence by reason of his presence, or lost it by reason of his ab- 
sence, while employed in the service, either civil or miUtary, of this state, 
or of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters 
of the state or of the United States, or of the high seas, nor while a student 
of any institution of learning, nor while kept in a poor house or other asy- 
lum at public expense, nor while confined in public prison. 

Sec. 8. No person, while kept at any poor house, or other asylum, at 
public expense, nor while confined in any public prison, shall be entitled to 
vote at any election under the laws of this state. 

Sec. 9. The trial and determination of contested elections of all public 
officers, whether state, judicial, municipal, or local, except governor and 
lieutenant governor, shall be by the courts of law, or by one or more of the 
judges thereof. The general assembly shall, by general law, designate the 
court or judge by whom the several classes of election contests shall be 
tried, and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but 
no such law, assigning jurisdiction or regulating its exercise, shall apply to 
any contest arising out of any election held before said law shall take effect. 

Sec. 10. The general assembly may enact laws excluding from the 
right of voting all persons convicted of felony or other infamous crime, or 
misdemeanors connected with the exercise of the right of suffrage. 

Sec. 11. No officer, soldier or marine, in the regular army or navy of 
the United States, shall be entitled to vote at any election in this state. 

Sec. 12. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this 
state, civil or military, who is not a citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not have resided in this state one year next preceding his election or 
appointment. 

ARTICLE IX.— COUNTIES, cities and'towns. 

Section 1. The several counties of this state, as they now exist, are 
hereby recognized as legal subdivisions of the state. 

Sec. 2. The general assembly shall have no power to remove the 
county seat of any county, but the removal of county seats shall be pro- 
vided for by general law ; and no county seat shall be removed unless two- 
thirds of the qualified voters of the county, voting on the proposition at a 
general election, vote therefor; and no such proposition shall be sub- 
mitted oftener than once in five years. All additions to a town, which 
is a county seat, shall be included, considered and regarded as part of the 
county seat. 

Sec. 3. The general assembly shall have no power to establish any 
new county with a territory of less than four hundred and ten square miles, 
nor to reduce any county, now established, to a less area or less population 



912 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

than required for a ratio of representation existing at the time; but when 
a new county is formed, having a population less than a ratio of represent- 
ation, it shall be attached for representative purposes to the county from 
which the greatest amount of territory is taken until such ratio shall be 
obtained. No county shall be divided or havt any portion stricken there- 
from, without submitting the question to a vote of the people of the county, 
nor unless a majority of all the qualified voters of the county or counties 
thus affected, voting on the question, shall vote therefor; nor shall any new 
county be established, an}'^ line of which shall run within ten miles of the 
then existing county seat of any county. In all cases of the establishment 
of any new county, the new county shall be held for and obliged to pay its 
ratable proportion of all the liabilities then existing of the county or coun- 
ties from which said new county shall be formed. 

Sec. 4. No part of the territory of any county shall be stricken off and 
added to an adjoining county, without submitting the question to the qual- 
ified voters of the counties immediately interested, nor unless a majority of 
all the qualified voters of the counties thus affected, voting on the question, 
shall vote therefor. When any part of a county is stricken off and attached 
to another county, the part stricken off shall be holden for, and obliged to 
pay its proportion of all the liabilities then existing of the county ^^om 
which it is taken. 

Sec. 5. When any new county, formed from contiguous territory taken 
from older counties, or when any county to which territory shall be added 
taken from an adjoining county, shall fail to pay the proportion of indebt- 
edness of such territory, to the county or counties from which it is taken, 
then it may be lawful for any county from which such territory has been 
taken, to levy and collect, by taxation, the due proportion of indebtedness 
of such territory, in the same manner as if the territory had not been 
stricken off. 

Sec. 6. No county, township, cit}'- or other municipality, shall here- 
after become a subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or other cor- 
poration or association, or make appropriation or donation, or loan its credit 
to, or in aid of any such corporation or association, or to or in aid of any 
college or institution of learning, or other institution, whether created for 
or to be controlled by the state or others. All authority heretofore con- 
ferred for any of the purposes aforesaid by the general assembly, or by 
the charter of any corporation, is hereby repealed: Provided^ ho-wcver. 
That nothing in this constitution contained shall affect the right of any 
such municipality to make such subscription^ where the same has been au- 
thorized under existing laws by a vote of the people of such municipality 
prior to its adoption, or to prevent the issue of renewal bonds or the use of 
such other means as are or may be prescribed by law, for the liquidation or 
payment of such subscription, or of any existing indebtedness. 

Sec. 7. The general assembly shall provide, by general laws, for the 
organization and classification of cities and towns. The number of such 
classes shall not exceed four; and the power of each class shall be defined 
by general laws, so that all such municipal corporations of the same class 
shall possess the same powers and be subject to the same restrictions. The 
general assembly shall also make provisions, by general law, whereby any 
city, town or village, existing by virtue of any special or local law, may 
elect to become subject to, and be governed by, the general laws relating 
to such corporations. 

Sec. 8. The general assembly may provide, by general law, for town- 
ship organization, under which any county may organize whenever a ma- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 91 3. 

jority of the legal voters of such county, voting at any general election, 
shall so determine; and whenever any county shall adopt township organ- 
ization, so much of this constitution as provides for the management of 
county atlairs, and the assessment and collection of the revenue by county 
officers, in conflict with such general law for township organization, may 
be dispensed with, and the business of said county, and the local concerns: 
of the several townships therein, may be transacted in such manner as may 
be prescribed by law : Provided^ That the justices of the county court in 
such case shall not exceed three in number. 

Sec. 9. In any county which shall have adopted " Township Organiz- 
ation," the question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of 
the electors of such county at a general election, in the manner that shall 
be provided b}- law; and if a majority of all the votes cast upon that 
question shall be against township organization, it shall cease in said 
county; and all laws in force in relation to counties not having township 
organization shall immediately take effect and be in force in such county. 

Sec. 10. There .shall be elected by the qualified voters in each county, 
at the time and places of electing representatives, a sheriff and coroner. 
They shall serve for two years, and until their successors be duly elected 
and qualified, unless sooner removed for malfeasance in office, and shall be 
eligible only four years in an}^ period of six. Before entering on the duties 
of their office, they shall give security in the amount and in such manner 
as shall be prescribed by law. Whenever a county shall be hereafter 
established, the governor shall appoint a sheriff' and a coroner therein, who 
shall continue in office until the next succeeding general election, and until 
their successors shall be duly elected and qualified. 

Sec. n. Whenever a vacancy shall happen in the office of sheriff or 
coroner, tiie same shall be filled by the county court. If such vacancy hap- 
pen in the office of sheriff more than nine months prior to the time of 
holding a general election, such county court shall immediately order a 
special election to fill the same, and the person by it appointed shall hold 
office until the person chosen at such election shall be duly qualified; 
otherwise, the person appointed by such county court shall hold office 
until the person chosen at such general election shall be duly qualified.. 
If any vacancy happen in the office of coroner, the same shall be filled for 
the remainder of the term by such county court. No person elected or 
appointed to fill a vacancy in either of said offices shall thereby be ren- 
dered ineligible for the next succeeding term. 

Sec. 12. The general assembly shall, by a law uniform in its opera- 
tion, provide for and regulate the fees of all county officers, and for this 
purpose may classify the counties by population. 

Sec. 13, The fees of no executive or ministerial officer of any county 
or municipality, exclusive of the salaries actually paid to his necessary 
deputies, shall exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars for any one year. 
Everv such officer shall make return, quarterly, to the county court of all 
fees by him received, and of the salaries by him actually paid to his depu- 
ties or assistants, stating the same in detail, and verifying the same by his 
affidavit; and for any statement or omission in such return, contrary to 
truth, such officer shall be liable to the penalties of willful and corrupt 
perjury. 

Sec. 14. Except as otherwise directed by this constitution, the general 
assembly shall provide for the election or appointment of such other 
county, township and municipal officers, as public convenience may 
58 



^14 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

require ; and their terms of ofRce and duties shall be prescribed by law ; 
but no term of office shall exceed four years. 

Sec. 15. In all counties having a city therein containing over one hun- 
dred thousand inhabitants, the city and county government thereof may 
be consolidated in such manner as may be provided b}' law. 

Sec. 16. Any city having a population of more than one hundred 
thousand inhabitants, may frame a charter for its own government, con- 
sistent with and subject to the constitution and laws of this state, by 
causing a board of thirteen freeholders, who shall have been for at least 
five years qualified voters thereof, to be elected by the qualified voters of 
such city at any general or special election; which board shall, within 
ninety days after such election, return to the chief magistrate of such city 
a draft of such charter, signed by the members of such board or a majority 
of them. Within thirty days thereafter, such proposed charter shall be 
submitted to the qualified voters of such city, at a general or special elec- 
tion, and if four-sevenths of such qualified voters voting thereat, shall rat- 
ify the same, it shall, at the end of thirty days thereafter, become the char- 
ter of such city, and supersede any existing charter and amendments 
thereof. A duplicate certificate shall be made, setting forth the charter 
proposed and its ratification, which shall be signed b}^ the chief magistrate 
of such cit}^ and authenticated by its corporate seal. One of such certifi- 
cates shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state, and the other, 
after being recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds for the count}' 
in which such city lies, shall be deposited among the archives of such city, 
and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. Such charter, so adopted, 
may be amended b}^ a proposal therefor, made by the law-making author- 
ities of such city, published for at least thirty days in three newspapers of 
largest circulation in such city, one of which shall be a newspaper printed 
in the German language, and accepted by three-fifths of the qualified 
voters of such city, voting at a general or special election, and not other- 
wise; but such charter shall always be in harmony with and subject to the 
■constitution and laws of the state. 

Sec. 17. It shall be a feature of all such charters that they shall pro- 
Aade, among other things, for a mayor or chief magistrate, and two houses 
of legislation, one of which at least shall be elected by general ticket; and 
in submitting any such charter or amendment thereto to the quahfied 
voters of such city, any alternative section or article may be presented for 
the choice of the voters, and may be voted on separately, and accepted or 
rejected separately, without prejudice to other articles or sections of the 
charter or any amendment thereto. 

Sec. 18. In cities or counties having more than two hundred thousand 
inhabitants, no person shall, at the same time, be a state officer and an 
officer of any county, city or other municipality; and no person shall, at 
the same time, fill two municipal offices, either in the same or different 
municipalities; but this section shall not apply to notaries public, justices 
of the peace or officers of the militia. 

Sec. 1 !). The corporate authorities of an}' county, city, or other munic- 
ipal subdivision of this state, having more than two hundred thousand in- 
habitants, which has already exceeded the limit of indebtedness prescribed 
in section twelve of article X of this constitution, may, in anticipation of 
the customary annual revenue thereof, appropriate, during any fiscal year, 
toward the general governmental expenses thereof, a sum not exceeding 
seven-eighths of the entire revenue applicable to general governmental 
purposes (exclusive of the payment of the bonded debt of such county, city 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 915 

or municipalit}') that was actually raised by taxation alone during the pre- 
ceding tiscal year; but until such excess of indebtedness cease, no further 
bonded debt shall be incurred, except for the renewal of other bonds. 

ST. LOUIS. 

Sec. 20. The city of St. Louis may extend its limits so as to embrace 
the parks now without its boundaries, and other convenient and contiguous 
territory, and frame a charter for the government of the city thus enlarged, 
upon the following conditions, that is to say: The council of the city and 
county court of the county of St. Louis, shall, at the request of the mayor 
of the city ofSt. Louis, meet in joint session and order an election, to be held 
as provided for general elections, by the qualified voters of the city and 
county, of a board of thirteen freeholders of such city or county, whose 
duty shall be to propose a scheme for the^nlargement and definition of the 
boundaries of the city, the reorganization of the government of the county, 
the adjustment of the relations between the city thus enlarged and the 
residue of St. Louis county and the government of the city thus enlarged, 
by a charter in harmony with and subject to the constitution and laws of 
Missouri, which shall, among other things, provide for a chief executive 
and two houses of legislation, one of which shall be elected by general 
ticket, which scheme and charter shall be signed in duplicate by said board 
or a majority of them, and one of them returned to the mayor of the city 
and the other to the presiding justice of the county court within ninety 
days after the election of such board. Within thirty days thereafter the 
city council and county court shall submit such scheme to the qualified 
voters of the whole county, and such charter to the qualified voters of the 
city so enlarged, at an election to be held not less than twenty nor more 
than thirty days after the order therefor; and if a majority of such qualified 
voters, voting at such election, shall ratify such scheme and charter, then 
such scheme shall become the organic law of the count}' and city, and such 
charter the organic law of the city, and at the end of sixty days thereafter 
shall take the place of and supersede the charter of St. Louis, and all 
amendments thereof, and all special laws relating to St. Louis county in- 
consistent with such scheme. 

Sec. 21. A copy of such scheme and charter, with a certificate thereto 
appended, signed by the mayor and authenticated by the seal of the city, 
and also signed by the presiding justice of the county court and authenti- 
cated by the seal of the county, setting forth the submission of such scheme 
and charter to the qualified voters of such county and city and its ratifica- 
tion, by them, shall be made in duplicate, one of which shall be deposited 
in the oiBce of the secretary of state, and the other, after being recorded in 
the ofSce of the recorder of deeds of St. Louis county, shall be deposited 
among the archives of the city, and thereafter all courts shall take judicial 
notice thereof. 

Sec. 22. The charter so ratified may be amended at intervals of not 
less than two years, by proposals therefor, submitted by the law-making- 
authorities of the city to the qualified voters thereof at a general or special 
election, held at least sixty days after the pWication of such proposals, 
and accepted by at least three-fifths of the qualified voters voting thereat. 

Sec. 23. Such charter and amendments shall always be in harmony 
with, and subject to the constitution and laws of Missouri, except only, 
that provision may be made for the graduation of the rate of taxation for 
city purposes in the portions of the city which are added thereto by the 
proposed enlargement of its boundaries. In the adjustment of the rela- 



916 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

tions between city and county, the cit}^ shall take upon itst, ! 'he entire 
park tax; and in consideration of the city becoming the propr^ior of all 
the county buildings and property within its enlarged limits, it shall as- 
sume the whole of the existing county debt, and thereafter the city and 
county of St. Louis shall be independent of each other. The city shall be 
exempted from all county taxation. The judges of the county court shall 
be elected by the qualified voters outside of the city. The city, as en- 
larged, shall be entitled to the same representation in the general assem- 
bly, collect the state revenue, and perform all other functions in relation to 
the state in the same manner as if it were a county, as in this constitution 
defined; and the residue of the county shall remain a legal county of the 
state of Missouri, under the name of the county of St. Louis, llntil the 
next apportionment for senators and representatives in the general assem- 
bly, the city shall have six senators and fifteen representatives, and the 
county one senator and two representatives, the same being the number of 
senators and representatives to which the county of St. Louis, as now or- 
ganized, is entitled under sections eight and eleven, of article IV, of this 
constitution. 

Sec. 24. The county and city of St. Louis, as now existing, shall con- 
tinue to constitute the eighth judicial circuit, and the jurisdiction of all 
courts of record, except the county court, shall continue until otherwise 
provided by law. 

Sec. 25. Notwithstanding the provisions of this article, the general 
assembly shall have the same power over the city and county of St. Louis 
that it has over other cities and counties of this state. 

ARTICLE X. — REVENUE AND TAXATION. 

Section 1. The taxing power may be exercised by the general as- 
sembly for state purposes, and by counties and other municipal corpora- 
tions, under authority granted to them by the general assembly, for 
county and other corporate purposes. 

Sec. 2. The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall 
not be surrendered or suspended by act of the general assembly. 

Sec. 3. Taxes may be levied and collected for public purposes only. 
They shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial 
limits of the authority levying the tax; and all taxes shall be levied and 
collected by general laws. 

Sec. 4. All property subject to taxation shall be taxed in proportion 
to its value. 

Sec. 5. All railroad corporations in this state, or doing business 
therein, shall be subject to taxation for state, county, school, municipal and 
other purposes, on the real and personal property owned or used by them, 
and on their gross earnings, their net earnings, their franchises and their 
capital stock. 

Sec. 6. The property, real and personal, of the state, counties and 
other municipal corporations, and cemeteries, shall be exempt from taxa- 
tion. Lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of the limits 
of any such city or town, to the extent of one acre, and lots one mile or 
more distant from such cities or towns, tothe extent of five acres, with the 
buildings thereon, may be exempted from taxation, when the same are 
iised exclusively for religious worship, for scllools, or for purposes purely 
charitable; also, such property, real or personal, as may be used exclusively 
for agricultural or horticultural societies: Provided^'TV^I such exemptions 
shall be only by general law. 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 917 

Sec. 7. All laws exempting property from taxation, other than the 
property above enumerated, shall be void. 

Sec. 8. The state tax on property, exclusive of the tax necessary to 
pay the bonded debt ot the state, shall not exceed twenty cents on the 
hundred dollars valuation ; and whenever the taxable property of the state 
shall amount to nine hundred million dollars, the rate shall not exceed fif- 
teen cents. 

Sec. 9. No county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, nor the 
inhabitants thereof, nor the property therein, shall be released or discharged 
from their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied tor state pur- 
poses, nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form 
whatsoever. 

Sec. 10. The general assembly shall not impose taxes upon counties, 
cities, towns or other municipal corporations; or upon the inhabitants or 
property thereof, for county, city, town or other municipal purposes; but 
may, by general laws, vest in the corporate authorities thereof, the powder 
to assess and collect taxes for such purposes. 

Sec. 11. Taxes for county, city, town and school purposes, may be 
levied on all subjects and objects of taxation; but the valuation of property 
therefor shall not exceed the valuation of the same property in such town, 
city or school district for state and county purposes. For county purposes 
the annual rate on property, in counties having six million dollars or less, 
shall not, in the aggregate, exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valua- 
tion; in counties having six million dollars and under ten million dollars, 
said rate shall not exceed forty cents on the hundred dollars valuation ; in 
counties having ten million dollars and under thirty million dollars, said 
rate shall not exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; and in 
counties having thirty million dollars or more, said rate shall not exceed 
thirty-five cents on the hundred dollars valuation. For city and town pur- 
poses the annual rate on property in cities and towns having thirty thou- 
sand inhabitants or more, shall not, in the aggregate, exceed one hundred 
cents on the hundred dollars valuation; in cities and tow^ns having less 
than thirty thousand and over ten thousand inhabitants, said rate shall 
not exceed sixty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; in cities and 
towns having less than ten thousand and more than one thousand inhabi- 
tants, said rate shall not exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; 
and in towns having one thousand inhabitants or less, said rate shall not 
exceed twentv-five cents on the hundred valuation. For school purposes in 
districts, the annual rate on property shall not exceed forty cents on the 
hundred dollars valuation: Provided^ The aforesaid annual rates for school 
purposes may be increased, in districts formed of cities and towns, to an 
amount not to exceed one dollar on the hundred dollars valuation; and in 
other districts to an amount not to exceed sixty-five cents on the hundred 
dollars valuation, on the condition that a majority of the voters who are 
tax-payers, voting at an election held to decide the question, vote for said 
increase. For the purpose of erecting public buildings in counties, cities 
or school districts, the rates of taxation herein limited may be increased 
when the rate of such increase and the purpose for which it is intended 
shall have been submitted to a' vote of the people, and two-thirds of the 
qualified voters of such county, city, or school district, voting at such elec- 
tion shall vote therefor. T*he rate herein allowed to each county shall be 
ascertained by the amount of taxable property therein, according to the 
last assessment for state and county purposes, and the rate allowed to each 
city or town by the number of inhabitants, according to the last census 



918 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

taken under the authority of the state, or of the United States; said re- 
strictions, as to rates, shall apply to taxes of every kind and description, 
whether general or special, except taxes to pay valid indebtedness now ex- 
isting or bonds which mav be issued in renewal of such indebtedness. 

Sec. 12. No count}^ city, town, township, school district or other polit- 
ical corporation or subdivision of the state, shall be allowed to become 
indebted in any manner or for any purpose to an amount exceeding in anv 
year the income and revenue provided for such year, without the assent of 
two-thirds the voters thereof, voting at an election to be held for that 
purpose; nor in cases requiring such assent shall any indebtedness be 
allowed to be incurred to an amount including ex-isting indebtedness, in 
the aggregate, exceeding five per centum on the value of the taxable prop- 
erty therein, to be ascertained by the assessment next before the last as- 
sessment for state and county purposes, previous to the incurring of such 
indebtedness: Provided, That with such assent any county may be allowed 
to become indebted to a larger amount for the erection of a court house or 
jail: Afid provided further, That any county, city, town, township, school 
district or other political corporation, or subdivision of the state, incurring 
any indebtedness, requinng the assent of the voters as aforesaid, shall, be- 
fore or at the time of doing so, provide for the collection of an annual tax, 
sufficient to pay the interest on such indebtedness as it falls due, and also 
to constitute a sinking fund for payment of the principal thereof, within 
twenty years from the time of contracting the same. 

Sec. 13. Private propert}^ shall not be taken or sold for the payment 
of the corporate debt of a municipal corporation. 

Sec. 14. The tax authorized by the sixth section of the ordinance 
adopted June sixth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, is hereby 
abolished, and hereafter there shall be levied and collected an annual tax 
sufficient to pay the accruing interest upon the bonded debt of the state, 
and to reduce the principal thereof each year by a sum not less than two 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars; the proceeds of which tax shall be paid 
into the state treasur}^ and appropriated and paid out for the purposes 
expressed in the first and second subdivisions of section forty-three of arti- 
cle IV of this constitution. The funds and resources now in the state in- 
terest and state sinking funds shall be appropriated to the same purposes; 
and whenever said bonded debt is extinguished, or a sum sufficient there- 
for has been raised, the tax provided for in this section shall cease to be 
assessed. 

Sec 15. All moneys now, or at any time hereafter, in the state treas- 
ury, belonging to the state, shall, immediately on receipt thereof, be 
deposited by the treasurer to the credit of the state for the benefit of the 
funds to which they respectively belong, in such bank or banks as he may, 
from time to time, with the approval of the governor and attorney gen- 
eral, select; the said bank or banks giving security, satisfactory to the gov- 
ernor and attorney general, for the safe keeping and payment of such 
deposit, when demanded by the state treasurer on his check; such bank 
to pay a bonus for the use of such deposits not less than the bonus paid by 
other banks for similar deposits; and the same, together with such interest 
and profits as may iiccrue thereon, sliall be disbursed by said treasurer for 
the purposes of the state, according to law, unon warrants drawn b}^ the 
state auditor, and not otherwise. 

Sec 16. The treasurer shall keep a separate account of the funds, and 
the number and amount of warrants received, and from whom; and shall 
publish, in such manner as the governor may designate, quarterly state- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 910 

ments, showing the amount of state moneys and where the same are kept 
or deposited. 

Sec. it. The making of profit out of state, county, city, town or school 
district money, or using the same for any purpose not authorized by law, 
by any public officer, shall be deemed a felony, and shall be punished as 
provided by law. 

Sec. 18. There shall be a state board of equalization, consisting of the 
governor, state auditor, state treasurer, secretary of state and attorney 
general. The duty of said board shall be to adjust and equalize the valu- 
ation of real and personal property among the several counties in the state, 
and it shall perform such other duties as are or may be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 19. No moneys shall ever be paid out of the treasury of this 
state, or any of the funds under its management, except in pursuance of 
an appropriation by law ; nor unless such payment be made, or a warrant 
shall have issued therefor, within two years after the passage of such ap- 
propriation act ; and every such law, making a new appropriation, or con- 
tinuing or reviving an appropriation, shall distinctly specify the sum appro- 
priated, and the object to which it is to be applied ; and it shall not be suffi- 
cient to refer to an}'^ other law to fix such sum or object. A regular state- 
ment and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money 
shall be published from time to time. 

Sec. 20. The moneys arising from any loan, debt or liability, con- 
tracted by the state, or any county, city, town, or other municipal corpora- 
tion, shall be appHed to the purposes for which they were obtained, or to 
.the repayment of such debt or liability, and not otherwise. 

Sec 21. No corporation, company or association, other than those 
formed for benevolent, religious, scientific, or educational purposes, shall be 
created or organized under the laws of this state, unless the persons named 
as corporators shall, at or before the filing of the articles of association or 
incorporation, pa}^ into the state treasury fifty dollars, for the first fifty 
thousand dollars or less of capital stock, and a further sum of five dollars 
for every additional ten thousand dollars of its capital stock. And no such 
corporation, company or association shall increase its capital stock without 
first paying into the treasury five dollars for every ten thousand dollars of 
increase: /'/"^zv'i/tv/. That nothing contained in this section shall be con- 
strued to prohibit the general assembly from levying a further tax on the 
franchises of such corporation. 

ARTICLE^I.— EDUCATION. 

Section 1. A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being 
essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, the 
general assembly shall establish and maintain free public schools for the 
gratuitous instruction of all persons in this state between the ages of six 
and twenty years. 

Sec 2. The income of all the funds provided by the state for the sup- 
port of free public schools, shall be paid annually to the several county 
treasurers, to be disbursed according to law; but no school district, in 
which a free public school has not been maintained at least three months 
during the year for which the distribution is made, shall be entitled to 
receive any portion of such funds. 

Sec 3. Separate free public schools shall be established for the educa- 
tion of children of African descent. 

Sec 4. The supervision of instruction in the public schools shall be 
vested in a " board of education," whose powers and duties shall be pre- 



•920 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

scribed by law. The superintendent of public schools shall be president 
of the board. The governor, secretary of state and attorney-general shall 
be ex-officio members, and with the superintendent, compose said board 
of education. 

Sec. 5. The general assembly shall, whenever the public school fund 
will permit, and- the actual necessity of the same may require, aid and 
maintain the state university, now established, with its present depart- 
ments. The government of the state university shall be vested in a board 
of curators, to consist of nine members, to be appointed by the governor, 
by and with the advice and consent of the senate. 

Sec. 6. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or hereafter may be 
granted by the United States to this state, and not otherwise appropriated 
by this state or the United States; also, all moneys, stocks, bonds, lands 
and other property now belonging to any state fund for purposes of educa- 
tion ; also, the net proceeds of all sales of lands, and other propertv and 
effects that may accrue to the state by escheat, from unclaimed dividends 
and distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons; also, any pro- 
ceeds of the sales of the public lands which may have been or hereafter 
may be paid over to this state, (if congress will consent to such appropria- 
tion); also, all other grants, gifts or devises that have been, or hereafter 
may be, made to this state, and not otherwise appropriated b}' the state or 
the terms of the grant, gift or devise, shall be paid into the state treasury, 
and securely invested and sacredly preserved as a public school fund; the 
annual income of which fund, together v.'ith so much of the ordinary reve- 
nue of the state as maybe by law set apart for that purpose, shall be faith-, 
fully appropriated for establishing and maintaining the free public schools 
and the state university in this article provided for, and for no other uses 
or purposes whatsoever. 

Sec. 7. In case the public school fund now provided and set apart by 
law, for the support of free public schools, shall be insufficient to sustain a 
free school at least four months in every year in each school district in this 
state, the general assembly may provide for such deficiency in accordance 
with section eleven of the article on revenue and taxation; but in no case 
shall there be set apart less than twenty-five per cent, of the state revenue 
exclusive of the interest and sinking fund, to be applied annually to the 
support of the public schools. 

Sec. 8. All moneys, stocks, bonds, lands and other property belonging 
to a county school fund; also, the net proceeds from the sale of estrays; 
also, the clear proceeds of all penaltieS and forfeitures, and of all fines 
collected in the several counties for any breach of the penal or mili- 
tary laws of the state, and all moneys which shall be paid by persons as 
an equivalent for exemption from military duty, shall belong to and be 
securely invested, and sacredly preserved in the several counties, as a 
county public school fund; the income of which fund shall be faithfully 
appropriated for establishing and maintaining free public schools in the 
several counties of this state. 

Sec. 9. No part of the public school fund of the state shall ever be 
invested in the stock or bonds, or other obligations of any other state, or 
of any county, city, town or corporation ; and the proceeds of the sales of 
any lands or other property which now belong, or ma}^ hereafter belong, 
to said school fund, shall be invested in the bonds of the state of Missouri, 
or of the United States. 

Sec. 10. All county school funds shall be loaned only upon unincum- 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 921 

bered real estate security, of double the valve of the loan, with personal 
security in addition thereto. 

Sec. 11. Neither the general assembly, nor any coitaty, city, town, 
township, school district or other municipal corporation, SJiall ever make 
an appropriation, or pay from any public fund whatever anything in aid of 
any religious creed, church or sectarian purpose; or to help to support or 
sustain any private or public school, academy, seminary, college, univers- 
ity or other institution of learning, controlled by anv religious creed, 
church or sectarian denomination whatever; nor shall any grant or 
donation of personal property or real estate ever be made by the state, or 
any county, city, town or other municipal corporation, for any religious 
creed, church or sectarian purpose whatever, 

ARTICLE XII.— CORPORATIONS. 

Section 1. All existing charters, or grants of special or exclusive priv- 
ileges, under which a bona fide organization shall not have taken place, 
and business been commenced in good faith, at the adoption of this con- 
stitution, shall thereafter have no validity. 

Sec. 2. No corporation, after the adoption of this constitution, shall be 
created by special laws; nor shall any existing charter be extended, 
changed or amended by special laws, except those for charitable, penal or 
reformatory purposes, which are under the patronage and control of the 
state. 

Sec. o. The general assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the 
charter of any corporation now existing, or alter or amend such forfeited 
charter, or pass an}- other general or special laws for the benefit of such 
corporations. 

Sec. 4. The exercise of the power and right of eminent domain, shall 
never be so construed or abridged as to prevent the taking, by the general 
assembly, of the property and franchises of incorporated companies already 
organized, or that may be hereafter organized, and subjecting them to the 
public use, the same as that of individuals. The right of trial by jury 
shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for compensation, when in the 
exercise of said right of eminent domain, any incorporated company shall 
be interested either for or against the exercise of said right. 

Sec. 5. The exercise of the police power of the state shall never be 
abridged, or so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their busi- 
ness in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals, or the 
general well-being of the state. 

Sec. 6. In all elections for directors or managers of any incorporated 
company, each shareholder shall have the right to cast as many votes in 
the aggregate as shall equal the number of shares so held by him or her 
in said company, multiplied by the number of directors or managers to be 
elected at such election; and each shareholder may cast the whole number 
of votes, either in person or by proxy for one candidate, or distribute such 
votes among two or more candidates; and such directors or managers shall 
not be elected in any other manner. 

Sec. 7. No corporation shall engage in business, other than that ex- 
pressly authorized in its charter or the law under which it may have been 
or hereafter may be organized, nor shall it hold any real estate for any 
period longer than six years, except such as may be necessary and proper 
for carrying on its legitimate business. 

Sec. 8. No corporation shall issue stock or bonds, except for money 
paid, labor done or property actually received, and all fictitious increase of 



922 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

Stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and bonded indebtedness 
of corporations shall not be increased, except in pursuance of general law, 
nor without the consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value 
of the stock first obtained at a meeting called for the purpose, first giving 
sixty days public notice, as may be provided by law. 

Sec. 9. Dues from private corporations shall be secured by such means 
as may be prescribed by law, but in no case shall any stockholder be indi- 
vidually liable in any amount over or above the amount of stock owned 
by him or her. 

Sec. 10. No corporation shall issue preferred stock without the con- 
sent of all the stockholders. 

Sec. 11. The term "corporation," as used in this article, shall be con- 
strued to include all joint stock companies or associations having any pow- 
ers or privileges not possessed by individuals or partnerships. 

RAILROADS. 

Sec. 12. It shall not be lawful in this state for any railway company 
to charge for freight or passengers a greater amount, for the transportation 
of the same, for a less distance than the amount charged for any greater 
distance, and suitable laws shall be passed by the general assembly to en- 
force this provision; but excursion and commutation tickets maybe issued 
at special rates. 

Sec. 13. Any railroad corporation or association, organized for the 
purpose, shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between 
any points within this state, and to connect at the state line with railroads 
of other states. Every railroad company shall have the right, with its 
road, to intersect, connect with, or cross any other railroad, and shall receive 
and transport each the other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or 
empty, without delay or discrimination. 

Sec. 14. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be 
constructed in this state are hereby declared public highways, and railroad 
companies common carriers. The general assembly shall pass laws to 
correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates 
of freight and passenger tariffs on the different railroads in this state; and 
shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates 
of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on said railroads, 
and enforce all such laws by adequate penalties. 

Sec. 15. Every railroad or other corporation, organized or doing busi- 
ness in this state under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and main- 
tain a public office or place in this state for the transaction of its business, 
where transfers of stock shall be made, and where shall be kept, for public 
inspection, books in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock 
subscribed, the names of the owners of the stock, the amounts owned by 
them respective!}', the amount of stock paid, and by whom, the transfer of 
said stock, with the date of transfer, the amount of its assets and liabilities, 
and the names and places of residence of its officers. The directors of 
every railroad company shall hold one meeting annually in this state, pub- 
lic notice of which shall be given thirty days previously, and shall report 
annually, under oath, to the state auditor, or some officer designated by 
law, all of their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters 
relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. The general assembly 
shall pass laws enforcing, b}^ suitable penalties, the provisions of this sec- 
tion. 

Sec. 16. The rolling stock and all other movable property belonging 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 922« 

to any railroad company or corporation in this state, sliall be considered 
personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the saqne 
manner as the personal property of individuals; and the general assembly 
shall pass no law exemptini^ any such property from execution and sale. 

Sec. 17. No railroad or other corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or 
managers of any railroad corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property 
or franchises of such corporation, with, or lease or purchase the works or 
franchises of, or in any way control any railroad corporation owning or hav- 
ing under its control a parallel or competing line; nor shall any officer of 
such railroad corporation act as an officer of any other railroad corporation 
owning or having the control of a parallel or competing line. The ques- 
tion whether railroads are parallel or competing lines shall, when demanded, 
• be decided by a jury, as in other civil issues. 

Sec. 18. If an}- railroad company organized under the laws of this 
state shall consolidate, by sale or otherwise, with an}^ railroad company 
organized under the laws of any other state, or of the United States, the 
same shall not thereby become a foreign corporation; but the courts of this 
state shall retain jurisdiction in all matters which may arise, as if said con- 
solidation had not taken place. In no case shall any consolidation take 
place, except upon public notice of at least sixty days to all stockholders, 
in such manner as may be provided by law. 

Sec. 19. The general assembly shall pass no law for the benefit of a 
railroad or other corporations, or any individual or association of individ- 
uals, retrospective in its operation, or which imposes on the people of any 
county or municipal subdivision of the state, a new liability in respect to 
transactions or considerations already past. 

Sec. 20. No law shall be passed by the general assembly granting the 
right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, vil- 
lage, or on any public highway, without first acquiring the consent of the 
local authorities having control of the street or highway proposed to be 
occupied by such street railroad; and the franchises so granted shall not 
be transferred without similar assent first obtained. 

Sec. 21. No railroad corporation in existence at the time of the adop- 
tion of this constitution shall have the benefit of any future legislation, 
except on condition of complete acceptance of all the provisions of this 
constitution applicable to railroads. 

Sec. 22. No president, director, officer, agent, or employe of any rail- 
road company shall be interested, directly, or indirectly, in furnishing ma- 
terial or supplies to such company, or in the business of transportation as 
a common carrier of freight or passengers over the works owned, leased, 
controlled or worked b}- such company. 

Sec. 23. No discrimination in charges or facilities in transportation 
shall be made between transportation companies and individuals, or in 
favor of either, by abatement, drawback or otherwise; and no railroad com- 
pany, or any lessee, manager or employee thereof, shall make any prefer- 
ence in furnishing cars or motive power. 

Sec. 21:. No railroad or other transportation company shall grant free 
passes or tickets, or passes or tickets at a discount, to members of the gen- 
eral assembly, or members cf the board of equalization, or any state, or 
county, or municipal officers ; and the acceptance of such pass or ticket, by 
a member of the general assembly, or any such officer, shall be a forfeiture 
of his office. 



922^ CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 

BANKS. 

Sec. 25. No state bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the state 
own or be liable for any stock in any corporation, or joint stock company, 
or association for banking purposes, now created or hereafter to be cre- 
ated. 

Sec. 26. No act of the general assembly authorizing- or creating cor- 
porations or associations with banking powers (except banks of deposit 
or discount,) nor amendments thereto, shall go into eftect, or in any man- 
ner be enforced, unless the same shall be submitted to a vote of the quali- 
fied voters of the state, at the general election next succeeding the pass- 
age of the same, and be approved by a majority of the votes cast at such 
election. 

Sec. 27. It shall be a crime, the nature and punishment of which shall 
be prescribed by law, for an}- president, director, manager, cashier or other 
officer of any banking institution, to assent to the reception of deposits, or 
the creation of debts by such banking institution, after he shall have had 
knowledge of the fact that it is insolvent, or in failing circumstances; and 
any such ofiicer, agent or manager, shall be individually responsible for 
such deposits so received, and all such debts so created with his assent. 

ARTICLE XIII.— MILITIA. 

Section 1. x\ll able-bodied male inhabitants of this state between the 
ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United States, 
or have declared their intention of become such citizens, shall be liable to 
military duty in the militia of this state: Provided^ That no person who is 
religiously scrupulous of bearing arms, can be compelled to do so, but may 
be compelled to pay an equivalent for military service, in such manner as 
shall be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, 
equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform, as nearly as practi- 
cable, to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United 
States. 

Sec. 3. Each company and regiment shall elect its own company and 
regimental officers; but jf any company or regiment shall neglect to elect 
such officers within the time prescribed by law, or by the order of the gov- 
ernor, they may be appointed by the governor. 

Sec. 4. Volunteer companies of infantr}^ cavalr}' and artillery, may 
be formed in such manner and under such restrictions as may be provided 
by law. 

Sec. 5. The volunteer and militia forces shall in all cases, except trea- 
son, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at musters, parades and elections, and in going to and returning 
from the same. 

Sec. 6. The governor shall appoint the adjutant general, quarter- 
master general and his other stafl' officers. He shall also, with the advice 
and consent of the senate, appoint all major generals and brigadier generals. 

Sec. 7. The general assembly shall provide for the safe keeping of 
the public arms, military records, banners and relics of the state. 

ARTICLE XIV — MI8CELLANKOU8 PROVISIONS. 

Section i. The general assembly of this state shall never interfere 
with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any 
regulation which congress may find necessary for securing the title in such 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 922^ 

soil to honafidc purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the prop- 
erty of the United States; nor shall lands belonging to persons residing 
out of the limits of this state ever be taxed at a higher rate than the lands 
belonging to persons residing within the state. 

Sec. 2. No person shall be prosecuted in any civil action or criminal 
proceeding for or on account of any act by him done, performed or exe- 
cuted between the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty-one, and the twentieth day of August, one thousand eight hundred 
and sixty-six, by virtue of military authority vested in him, or in pursu- 
ance of orders from any person vested w ith such authority by the govern- 
ment of the United States, or of this state, or of the late' Confederate 
states, or any of them, to do such act. And if any action or proceedings 
shall have been, or shall hereafter be instituted against any person for the 
doing of any such act, the defendant may plead this section in bar thereof. 

Sec. 3. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the 
same as a second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, 
or agree to go out of this state to fight a duel, shall hold any office in this 
state. 

Sec. 4. No person holding an office of profit under the United States, 
shall, during his continuance in such office, hold an}^ office of profit under 
this state. 

Sec. 5. In the absence of any contrary provision, all officers now or 
nereafter elected or appointed, subject to the right of resignation, shall 
hold office during their official terms, and until their successors shall be 
dulv elected or appointed and qualified. 

Sec. 6. All officers, both civil and military, under the authority of this 
state, shall, before entering on the duties of their respective offices, take 
and subscribe an oath, or affirmation, to snipport the constitution of the 
United States and of this state, and to demean themselves faithfully in 
office. 

Sec. T. The general assembly shall, in addition to other penalties, 
provide for the removal from office of county, cit}-, town and township 
officers, on conviction of willful, corrupt or fraudulent violation or neglect 
of official duty. 

Sec. 8. The compensation or fees of no state, county or municipal 
officer shall be increased during his term of office: nor shall the term of 
any office be extended for a longer period than that for which such officer 
was elected or appointed. 

Sec. 9. The appointment of all officers not otherwise directed by this 
constitution, shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed by law. 

Sec. 10. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize lot- 
teries or gift enterprises for any purpose, and shall pass laws to prohibit the 
sale of lottery or gift enterprise tickets, or tickets in any scheme in the 
nature of a lottery, in this state; and all acts or parts of acts heretofore 
passed by the legislature of this state, authorizing a lottery or lotteries, 
and all acts amendatory thereof, or supplemental thereto, are hereby 
avoided. 

Sec. 11. It shall be the duty of the grand jury in each county, at least 
once a year, to investigate the official acts of all officers having charge of 
public funds, and report the result of their investigations in writing to the 
court. 

Sec. 12. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except trea- 
son, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the 



922^ CONSTITUTION OF IVIISSOURl. 

session of the general assembly, and for fifteen days next before the com- 
mencement and after the termination of each session; and for any speech 
or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

ARTICLE XV. — MODE of amending the constitution. 

. Section 1. This constitution may be amended and revised only in 
pursuance of the provisions of this article. 

Sec. 2. The general assembly may, at any time, propose such amend- 
ments to this constitution as a majority of the members elected to each 
house shall deem expedient; and the vote thereon shall betaken by yeas 
and nays, and entered in full on the journals. The proposed amendments 
shall be published with the laws of that session, and also shall be pubHshed 
weekly in some newspaper, if such there be, within each county in the 
state, for four consecutive weeks next preceding the general election then 
next ensuing. The proposed amendments shall be submitted to a vote of 
the people, each amendment separately, at the next general election there- 
after, in such manner as the general assembly ma}' provide. If a major- 
ity of the qualified voters of the state, voting for and against any one of 
said amendments, shall vote for such amendment, the same shall be deemed 
and taken to have been ratified by the people, and shall be valid and 
binding, to all intents and purposes, as a part of this constitution. 

Sec. 3. The general assembly may at any time authorize, by law a 
vote of the people to be taken upon the question whether a convention 
shall be held for the purpose of revising and amending the constitution of 
this state; and if at such election a majority of the votes on the question 
be in favor of a convention, the governor shall issue writs to the sheriffs of 
the different counties, ordering the election of delegates to such a conven- 
tion, on a day not less than three and within six months after that on which 
the said question shall have been voted on. At such election each senato- 
rial district shall elect two delegates for each senator to which it may then 
be entitled in the general assembly, and every such delegate shall have 
the qualifications of a state senator. The election shall be conducted in 
conformit}' with the laws regulating the election of senators. The dele- 
gates so elected shall meet at such time and place as maj^ be provided by 
law, and organize themselves into a convention, and proceed to revise and 
amend the constitution; and the constitution when so revised and amend- 
ed, shall, on a day to be therein fixed, not less than sixty days or more than 
six months after that on which it shall have been adopted by the conven- 
tion, be submitted to a vote of the people for and against it, at an election 
to be held for that purpose ; and, if a majority of all the votes given be in 
favor of such constitution, it shall, at the end of thirty days after such elec- 
tion became the costitution of this state. The result of such elec- 
tion shall be made known by proclamation by the governor. The general 
assembly shall have no power, otherwise than in this section specified, to 
authorize a convention for revising and amending the constitution. 

SCHEDULE. 

That no inconvenience may arise from the alteration and amendments 
in the constitution of this state, and to carry the same into complete effect, 
it is hereby ordained and declared: 

Section 1 . That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, 
not inconsistent therewith, shall remain in full force until altered or re- 
pealed by the general assembly; and, all rights, actions, prosecutions, 
claims and contracts of the state, counties, individuals or bodies corporate 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 922e 

not inconsistent therewith, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution 
had not been adopted. The provisions of all laws which are inconsistent 
with this constitution, shall cease upon its adoption, except that all laws 
which are inconsistent with such provision of this constitution, as require 
legislation to enforce them, shall remain in force until the first day of July, 
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, unless sooner amended or 
repealed by the general assembly. 

Sec. 2. That all recognizances, obligations and all other instruments, 
entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to this 
state or to any subdivision thereof, or any municipality therein ; and all 
fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due or owing to this state, or any 
such subdivision or municipality; and all writs, prosecutions, actions and 
causes of action, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue and 
remain unafiected by the adoption of this constitution. All indictments 
which shall have been found or may hereafter be found, for any crime or 
offense committed before this constitution takes effect, may be proceeded 
upon as if no change had taken place, except as otherwise provided in 
this constitution. 

Sec. .3. All county and probate courts, as now constituted and organ- 
ized, shall continue with their jurisdiction, until the general assembly 
shall by law conform them in their organization to the requirements of this 
constitution. 

Sec. 4. All criminal courts organized and existing under the law^s of 
this state, and not specially provided for in this constitution, shall continue 
to exist until otherwise provided by law. 

Sec. 5. All courts of common pleas existing and organized in cities 
and towms having a population exceeding three thousand five hundred in- 
habitants, and such as by the law of their creation are presided over by a 
judge of a circuit court, shall continue to exist and exercise their present 
jurisdiction, until otherwise provided by law. All other courts of common 
pleas shall cease to exist at the expiration of the present terms of office of 
the several judges thereof. 

Sec. 6. All persons now filling any office or appointment in this state, 
shall continue in the exercise of the duties thereof, according to their re- 
spective commissions or appointments, unless otherwise provided by law. 

Sec. 7. Upon the adoption of this constitution, all appeals to, and 
writs of error from the supreme court, shall be returnable to the supreme 
court at the city of Jefferson. 

Sec. 8. Until the general assembly shall make provision for the pay- 
ment of the state and railroad indebtedness of this state, in pursuance of 
section fourteen of article ten of this constitution, there shall be levied 
and collected an annual tax of one-fifth of one per centum on all real estate 
and other property and effects subject to taxation, the proceeds of which 
shall be applied to' the pa3^ment of the interest on the bonded debt of this 
state as it matures, and the surplus, if any, shall be paid into the sinking 
fund and thereafter applied to the payment of such indebtedness, and to 
no other purpose. 

Sec. 9. This constitution shall be submitted to the people of this state 
for adoption or rejection, at an election to be held for that purpose only, on 
Saturday, the thirtieth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and 
seventv-five. Every person entitled to vote under the constitution and 
laws of this state shall be entitled to vote for the adoption or rejection of 
this constitution. Said election shall be held, and said qualified electors 



922/ 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 



shall vote at the usual places of voting in the several counties of this state ; 
and said election shall be conducted, and returns thereof made, according 
to the laws now in force regulating general elections. 

Sec. 10. The clerks of the several county courts in this state, shall, at 
least five days before said election, cause to be delivered to the judges of 
election in each election district or precinct, in their respective counties, 
suitable blank poll books, forms of return and five tinges the number of 
properly prepared printed ballots for said election, that there are voters in 
said respective districts, the expense whereof shall be allowed and paid by 
the several county courts, as other county expenditures are allowed and 
paid. 

Sec. 11. At said election the ballots shall be in the following form: 
New constitution ticket, {erase the clause you do not favor ^ New consti- 
tution, — Yes. New constitution, — No. Each of said ticket sshall be 
counted as a vote for or against this constitution, as the one clause or the 
other may be canceled with ink or pencil by the voter, and returns thereof 
shall be made accordingly. If both clauses of the ticket be erased, or if 
neither be erased, the ticket shall not be counted. 

Sec. 12. The returns of the whole vote cast for the adoption and 
against the adoption of this constitution shall be made by the several 
clerks, as now provided by law in case of the election of state officers, to 
the secretary of state, within twenty days after the election; and the re- 
turns of said votes shall, within ten days thereafter, be examined and 
canvassed by the state auditor, state treasurer and secretary of state, or 
any two of them, in the presence of the governor, and proclamation shall 
be made by the governor forthwith of the result of the canvass. 

Sec. 13. If, upon such canvass, it shall appear that a majority of the 
votes polled were in favor of the new constitution, then this constitution 
shall, on and after the thirtieth day of November, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-five, be the supreme law of the state of Missouri, and the 
present existing constitution shall thereupon cease in all its provisions; 
but if it shall appear that a majority of the votes polled were against the 
new constitution, then this constitution shall be null and void, and the 
existing constitution shall continue in force. 

Sec. 14. The provisions of this schedule required to be executed prior 
to the adoption or rejection of this constitution, shall take effect and be in 
force immediately. 

Sec. 15. The general assembly shall pass all such laws as njay be 
necessary to carry this constitution into full effect. 

Sec. 16. The present secretary of state, state auditor, attorney-general, 
and superintendent of public schools, shall, during the remainder of their 
terms of office, unless otherwise directed by law, receive the same com- 
pensation and fees as is now provided by law; and the present state treas- 
urer shall, during the remainder of the term of his office, continue to be 
governed by existing law, in the custody and disposition of the state 
funds, unless otherwise directed by law. 

Sec. it. Section twelve of [the] bill of rights shall not be so construed 
as to prevent arrests and preliminary examination in any criminal case. 

Done in convention, at the capitol, in the city of Jefferson, on the second 
day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and 



CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 



922c- 



seventy-five, and of the independence of the United States the one hun- 
dredth. 

WALDO P. .JOHNSON, President, St. Clair county. 

N. W. WATKINS, Vice President, Scott county. 
Letciiek, Wm. H., Saline. 



Adams, Washington, Cooper. 
Allen, DeWitt C, Clay. 
Alexander, A. M., Monroe. 
Black, Francis IV.'.. Jackson. 
Boone, Henry, DeKalb. 
Bradfield, George W., Laclede. 
Broadhead, James O., St. Louis. 
Brokmeyer, Henry C, St. Louis. 
Carleton, George W , Pemiscot. 
Chrisman, William, Jackson. 
Conway, Edmund V., St. Francois. 
Cottey, Louis F., Knox. 
Crews, T. W. B., Franklin. 
Crockett, Samuel R., Vernon. 
Davis, Lowndey Henry, Cape Girardeau. 
Dryden, Leonidas J., Warren 
Dysart, Benjamin Robert, Macon. 
Edwards, John F. T., Iron. 
Edwards, James C, St. Louis. 
EiTZEN, Ch.\rles D., Gasconade. 
Farris, James L., Ray. 
Fyan, Robert W. Webster. 
Gantt, Thomas Tasker, St. Louis. 
Gottschalk, Louis, St. Louis. 
Hale, John B., Carroll. 
Halliburton, W., Sullivan. 
Hammond, Charles, Chariton. 
Hardin, Neil Cameron, Pike. 
Holliday, J. A., Caldwell. 
Hyer, John, Dent. 
Johnson, Horace B.. Cole. 
Johnston, T. J., Nodoway. 
Lackland, Henry Clay, St. Charles. 

Attest • 



Lay, Alfred M., Cole. 
Mabrey, Pinckney, Ripley. 
Massey, B. F , Newton. 
Maxey, James Harvey, Howell, 
McAfee, Charles B., Greene. 
McKee, Archibald V., Lincoln. 
McCabe, Edward, Marion. 
McKiLLOP, Malcomb, Atchison. 
MoRTELL, Nicholas A., St. Louis. 
MuDD, Henry Thomas, St. Louis. 
NiCKERSON, Edmund A., Johnson. 
Norton, Elijah Hise, Platte. 
Pipkin, Philip, Jefferson. 
Priest, William, Platte. 
Pulitzer, Joseph, St. Louis. 
Ray, John, Barry. 
Rider, J. H,, Bollinger. 
RiPEY, J. R., Schuyler. 
Roberts, James C, Buchanan. 
Ross, J. P., Morgan. 
Ross, John W., Polk. 
RucKER, John Fleming, Boone. 
Shackelford, Thomas, Howard. 
Shanklin, John H., Grundy. 
Shields, George H., St. Louis. 
Spaunhorst, Henry J., St. Louis. 
SwiTZLER, William F., Boone. 
Taylor, John H., Jasper. 
Taylor. Amos Riley, St. Louis. 
Todd, Albert, St. Louis. 
Wagner, L. J , Scotland. 
Wallace, Henry C, Lafayette. 

G. N. NOLAN, Secretary. 

J. Boyle Adams, Assistant Secretary 



58i 




CITY OF SAINT LOUIS, 1881. 




rrr.7 ' ,:^i*t^y^ ^^^ 






Will 




BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF KANSAS CITY, .MO., Is^l. 



Abstract of Missouri State Laws. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 



A bill of exchange is a written order from one person to another, direct- 
ing the person to whom it is addressed to pay to a third person a certain 
sum of money therein named. 

The person making the bill is called the maker. The person to whom 
it is directed is called the drawee, and the person in whose favor the bill 
of exchange is made payable, is called the payee, and the person who 
accepts a bill of exchange, is called the acceptor. 

A bill of exchange may be negotiable or non-negotiable ; if negotiable, it 
may be transferred either before or after acceptance. To make it negotia- 
ble it must be payable to the order of the payee, or to the bearer, or must 
contain other equivalent or operative words of transfer. 

Bills of exchange containing no words of transfer, are non-negotiable. 

The usual form of accepting bills of exchange, is by writing " accepted" 
across the bill, and signing the acceptor's name. 

After such acceptance, the acceptor becomes liable for the payment of 
the bill upon its maturity. 

No person within this state shall be charged as an acceptor of a bill of 
exchange unless his acceptance shall be in writing, signed by himself, or 
his lawful agent. 

If such acceptance be written on a paper other than the bill, it shall not 
bind the acceptor. Except in favor of a person to whom such acceptance 
shall have been shown, and who upon the faith thereof shall have received 
the bill for a valuable consideration. 

An unconditional promise in writing to accept a bill before it is 
drawn, will be binding upon the acceptor in favor of any person who, 
upon the faith of such written promise, shall have received the bill for a 
valuable consideration. 

Every holder of a bill presenting the same for acceptance, may require 
that the acceptance be written on the bill, and a refusal to comply with 
such request, shall be deemed a refusal to accept, and the bill may be pro- 
tested for non-acceptance. 

Every person upon whom a bill of exchange may be drawn, and to 
whom the same shall be delivered for acceptance, who shall destroy such 
"bill or refuse within twenty-four hours after such delivery, or within such 
period as the holder may allow to return the bill accepted or non-accepted 
to the holders, shall be deemed to have accepted the same. 



924: ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

When any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, drawn 
or negotiated within this state, shall be duly presented for acceptance or 
payment, and protested for non-acceptance or non-payment, there shall be 
allowed and paid to the holders by the drawer and endorsers having due 
notice of the dishonor. of the bill, damages in the following cases: Firsts 
if the bill shall have been drawn by any person, at any place within this 
state, at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum specified in the 
bill. Second^ if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any 
place out of this state, but within the United States or territories thereof, 
at the rate of two per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill. 
Thirds if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any part or 
place without the United States and their territories, at the rate of twenty 
per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill. 

If any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, shall be 
drawn on any person, at any place within this state, and accepted, and 
payment shall not be duly made by the acceptor, there shall be allowed 
and paid to the holder, by the acceptor, damages in the lollowing cases: 
Firsts if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place within this state, 
at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum therein specified. 
Second^ if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place without this state, 
but within the United States or territories, at the rate of ten per centum 
on the principal sum therein specified. 

The damages herein allowed shall be recovered only by the holder of 
a bill, who shall have purchased the bill or acquired some interest therein, 
for valuable consideration. In cases of non-acceptance or non-payment 
of a bill, drawn at any place within this state, on any person at a place 
within the same, no damages shall be recovered, if payment of the prin- 
cipal sum, with interest and charges of protest, be paid within twenty 
days after demand, or notice of the dishonor of the bill. 

If the contents of a bill be expressed in the money of account of the 
United States, the amount due and the damages therein, shall be ascer- 
tained and determined without any reference to the rate of exchange 
existing between this state and the place on which the bill shall have been 
drawn, at the time of demand of payment or notice of the dishonor of the 
bill. 

If the contents of such bill be expressed in the money of account or 
currenc}?" of any foreign country, then the amount due, exclusive of dam- 
ages, shall be ascertained and determined by the rate of exchange, or the 
value of such foreign currency at the time of payment. 

Every bill of exchange, draft or order drawn either within this state or 
elsewhere upon any person residing within this state, payable on its face 
at sight, or on demand, shall be deemed and considered to be due and 
payable on the day it is presented, or demanded, any usage or custom 
here or elsewhere to the contrary notwithstanding, and if not so paid 
may be protested for non-payment. 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. !t25 

If in any suit founded upon any nei^otiable promissory note or bill of 
exchange, or in which such bill or note is produced, or may be allowed in 
the defense of any suit, it appear on the trial that such note or bill was 
lost while it belonged to the party claiming the amount due thereon^ 
parol or other evidence of the contents thereof, may be given on such 
trial, and such party shall be entitled to recover the amount due thereon 
as if such note or bill had been produced. 

To entitle a party to such recovery, he or some responsible person for 
him, shall execute a bond to the adverse party in a penalty at least double 
the amount of such note or bill, with two sufficient securities, to be 
approved by the court in which the trial shall be had, conditioned to 
indemnify the adverse party against all claims by an}'^ other person on 
account of such note or bill, and against all costs and expenses by reason 
of such claim. 

BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

A promissory note is a written promise to pay a certain sum of money 
at a future time, unconditionally. 

The person to whom the money is payable is called the payee. 

The maker is the one who promises to pay the money when the note 
becomes due. 

A note payable to bearer is negotiated or transferred by mere delivery, 
and the possession of the note is -prima facie proof of title. 

A note payable to the order of a particular person is transferred or 
negotiated by writing the name of the person upon the back of the note, 
which is called an endorsement. The person making the endorsement 
is called the endorser. The person for whose benefit it is made is called 
the endorsee. 

Every promissory note for the payment of money to the payee therein 
named, or order or bearer, and expressed to be for value received, shall be 
due and payable as therein expressed and shall have the same effect and 
be negotiable in like manner as inland bills of exchange. 

The pavee and endorsers of every such negotiable note payable to them 
or order, and the holder of ever}' such note payable to bearer may main- 
tain actions for the sums of money therein mentioned, against the makers 
and endorsers of them in like manner as in cases of inland bills of exchange, 
and not otherwise. 

Such negotiable promissory note made payable to the order of the 
maker thereof, or to the order of a fictitious person shall, if negotiated by 
the maker, have the same effect and be of the same validity as against the 
maker, and all persons having knowledge of the facts, as if payable to 
bearer. Provided, That negotiable note in the hands of the purchaser of 
the same from the makers by way of discount or investment, it protested 
for non-payment at maturity, shall not be subjected to damages. 



926 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

When the day of payment of any bond, bill of exchange, or promissory 
note, shall, according to its terms, be a Sunday, Christmas day. Thanks- 
giving day (state or national), New Years day, or a Fourth of July, its 
payment shall be deemed due and be demandable on such day next before 
its day of payment, according to its terms, as shall not be one of the days 
above specified. 

A notarial protest is evidence of a demand and refusal to pay a bill of 
exchange or negotiable promissory note, at the time and in the manner 
stated in such protest. 

FORM OF NEGOTIABLE NOTE. 

$1,000. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 1, 1869. 

Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe, or order, 
One Thousand Dollars, value received, with interest after due at the rate 
of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy. 

NON-NEGOTIABLE NOTE. 

$100.00. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 1, 1869. 

Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe 
One Hundred Dollars, value received, with interest from date, at the rate 
of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. 

Parties may agree in writing for the payment of interest not exceeding 
ten per cent. 

Money due upon judgments or order of court, shall draw interest from 
the day of rendering the same. All such judgments and orders for money 
■upon contracts, bearing more than six per cent., shall bear the same inter- 
est borne by such contracts. All other judgments and orders for money 
shall draw six per cent. 

If a greater rate of interest than ten per cent, is contracted for, and suit 
brought upon the same, judgment will be entered for six per cent., and 
the whole interest shall be set apart for, and become a part of the com- 
mon school fund. 

Parties may contract in writing for the payment of interest upon inter- 
est; but interest shall not be compounded oftener than once a year. 
Where a different rate is not expressed, interest upon interest shall be at 
the same rate as interest on the principal debt. 

DESCENTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY. 

Property in this state shall be distributed in the following course, sub- 
ject to the payment of debts and the widow's dower: 

First. To the children or their descendants in equal parts. 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 927 

Second. If there be no children or their descendants, then to the father, 
mother, brothers and sisters, and their descendants in equal parts. 

Third. If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother, 
brother or sister, or their descendants, then to the husband or wife. 
If there be no husband or wife, then to the grandfather, grandmother, 
uncles and aunts, and their descendants, in equal parts. 

Fourth. If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother, 
sister, brother, or their descendants, husband or wife, grandfather, grand- 
mother, uncles, aunts, nor their descendants, then to the great-grandfather, 
great-grandmother, and their descendants in equal parts, and so on in 
other cases without end, passing to the nearest lineal ancestors and their 
children, and their descendants in equal parts. 

Posthumous children, or descendants of the intestate, shall inherit in 
like manner as if born in the lifetime of the intestate. This does not 
apply to any one other than the children or descendants of the intestate, 
unless they are in being and capable in law to take as heirs at the time of 
the intestate's death. 

If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother, brother or 
sister, nor their descendants, husband or wife, nor any paternal or mater- 
nal kindred capable of inheriting, the whole shall go to the kindred of the 
wife or husband of the intestate in the like course as if such wife or hus- 
band had survived the intestate and then died entitled to the estate. 

If any of the children receive any real or personal estate in the lifetime 
of the intestate by way of advancement, shall choose to come into par- 
tition with the other heirs, such advancement shall be brought into 
hatchpot with the estate descended. 

Maintaining, educating, or giving money to a child under majority 
without any view to a portion or settlement, shall not be deemed an 
advancement. 

Bastards shall inherit and be capable of transmitting inheritance on the 
part of their mother, and such mother may inherit from her bastard 
child or children in like manner as if they had been lawfully begotten of 
her. 

The issues of all marriages decreed null in law or dissolved by divorce 
shall be legitimate. 

Persons of color shall inherit as above set forth, providing it shall 
appear to the court that they are residents of this state, or if residents of 
some other state, are free persons. 

The children of all parents who were slaves, and who were living 
together in good faith as man and wife at the time of the birth of such 
children, shall be deemed to be the legitimate children of such parents. 
All children of anv one mother, who was a slave at the time of her birth, 
shall be deemed lawful brothers and sisters for the purposes of this 
chapter. 



928 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE I.AWS. 



WILLS. 

The term will, or last will and testament, means the disposition of one's 
property, to take effect after death. No exact form of words is neces- 
sary in order to make a will good at law. 

Every person of twenty-one years of age and upward, of sound mind, 
may, by last will, devise all his estate, real, personal and mixed, and all 
interest therein, saving the widow her dower. Every person over the 
age of eighteen years, of sound mind, may by last will dispose of his 
goods and chattels. Every will must be in writmg, signed by the testator 
or by some person by his direction, in his presence, and shall be attested 
by two or more competent witnesses, subscribing their names to the will 
in the presence of the testator. 

No will, in writing, except in cases hereinafter mentioned, nor any part 
thereof, shall be revoked, except by a subsequent will in writing or by 
burning, canceling, tearing or obliterating the same by the testator, or in 
his presence, and by his consent and direction. 

If, after making a will disposing of the whole estate of the testator, 
such testator shall marry and die, leaving issue by such marriage living 
at the time of his death, or shall leave issue of such marriage born to 
him after his death, such will shall be deemed revoked, unless provisions 
shall have been made for such issue by some settlement, or unless such 
issue shall be provided for in the will, and no evidence shall be received 
to rebut the presumption of such revocation. 

A will executed by an unmarried woman shall be deemed revoked by 
her subsequent marriage. 

If a person make his will and die, leaving children not provided for, 
although born after making the will, he shall be deemed to die intestate, 
and such children shall be entitled to such proportion as if he had died 
intestate. All other heirs or legatees must refund their proportionate part. 

The county court or clerk thereof, in vacation, subject to the confirma- 
tion or rejection of the court, shall take the proof of the last will of the 
testator. 



GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Richard Johnson, of Carroll county, in the state of Missouri, being 
of sound mind and memory, and of full age, do hereby make and publish 
this, my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by me 
made. 



\BSTfiAOT OK -MISSOUKT STATi: LAWS. !>2i) 

I^irst. I direct the payment of all lawful claims against my estate, to 
be made out of the proceeds of the sale of my personal property. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to my eldest son, John B. Johnson, 
the sum of five thousand dollars of bank stock, in the First National 
Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the farm owned by myself in the town- 
ship of , in the county of Saline, consisting of 100 acres, with all 

the houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging, to have 
and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns forever. 

Third. I give, devise, and bequeath to each of my daughters, Mary E. 
Johnson and Clara B. Johnson, each five thousand dollars in bank stock,, 
in the First National Bank, of Lexington, Missouri; and also, each one 

quarter section of land owned by myself, situated in the township of , 

Ray county, Missouri. 

Fourth. I give, devise and bequeath to mv son, Frank R. Johnson, the 
farm owned by myself, situated in Chariton county, Missouri, consisting 
of six hundred and forty acres, together with all stock, houses, and 
improvements, thereunto belonging. 

Fifth. I give to my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, all my household furni- 
ture, goods, chattels and personal property about my house, not hitherto 
disposed of, including six thousand dollars of bank stock, in the First 
National Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the free and unrestricted use, 
possession and benefit of the home farm, so long as she may live — said 
farm being m}^ present place of residence. 

Sixth. I give and bequeath to my mother, Martha Johnson, the income 
from rents of m}^ store building, at No. 905 Pine street, St. Louis, Mis- 
souri, during the term of her natural life, said building and land therewith 
to revert to my sons and daughters, in equal proportions, upon the demise 
of my said mother. 

Seventh. It is also my will and desire that at the death of my wife, Eliz- 
abeth Johnson, that the above mentioned homestead may revert to my 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

Eighth. I appoint as my executors of this, my last will and testament, 
my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, and my eldest son John B. Johnson. 

In witness whereof, I, Richard Johnson, to this, my last will and testa- 
ment, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of June, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Richard Johnson. 

Signed and declared by Richard Richard Johnson, as and for his last 
will and testament, in the presence of each other, have subscribed our 
names hereunto, as witnesses thereof. 

Edward Davison, Scdci/ia, Missouri. 
Frederick Jones, Marshall, Missouri. 

59 



y30 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas, I, Richard Johnson, did, on the fourth da\' of June, one 
thousand eight hundred and seventy-tive, make my last will and testa- 
ment, I do now, by this writing add this codicil to my said will, to be 
taken as part thereof. 

Whereas, By the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Clara B. 
Johnson, has deceased, March the first, eighteen hundred and sevent}-- 
six; and zvhereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened 
David S. Johnson, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all 
right, interest and title in lands and bank stock, and chattels bequeathed 
to my deceased daughter, Clara B., in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day 
of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven. Richard Johnson. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us, by the testator, Richard 
Johnson, as and for a codicil, to be annexed to his will and testament; and 
we, at his request and in his presence, and in the presence of each other 
have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Peter Brow^n, Lexim^ton, Mtssouri. 
Robert Burr, Richmond, Missouri. 

TAXES. 

For the support of the government of the state, the payment of the 
public debt, and the advancement of the public interest, taxes shall be 
levied on all property, real and personal, except as stated below: 

No tax shall be assessed for or imposed by any city, county, or other 
nmnicipal corporation, or for their use upon the following property: All 
houses, necessary furniture and equipments thereof, used exclusively for 
public worship, and the lot of ground on which the same may be erected. 
All orphan o;* other asylums, for the relief of the sick or needy, with their 
furniture and equipments, and the lands on which they are erected and 
used therewith, so long as the same shall be held and used for that pur- 
pose only ; all universities, colleges, academies, schools, and all other sem- 
inaries of learning, with the furniture and equipments, and land thereto, 
belonging or used immediately therewith, and their endowment fund, 
when not invested in real estate, so long as the same shall be employed 
for that purpose only. Provided, That the land hereby exempted from 
taxation, belonging to any of the last named institutions, in any city or 
town, shall not exceed two acres, and in the county, not exceed five acres. 
And further provided. That such property, so exempted, shall not be 
under rent to any person, corporation, or societ}', and shall not, in any 
way or manner, be paying or yielding any rent or profit. Cemeteries 
and graveyards set apart and used for that purpose only. All real estate 
and other property belonging to any incorporated agricultural society, so 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 931 

long as the same shall be employed for the use of such societ}' and none 
other. All libraries and their furniture and equipments, belonging to an}-- 
library association or society. Nothing in this section shall be construed, 
as to exempt from municipal or local taxation any description of property 
when the same is held for the purpose of pecuniary profit or speculation. 

Lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of the limits of 
such city or town, to the extent of one acre, and lots, one mile distant 
from such cities or towns, to the extent of five acres, with the buildings 
thereon, when the same are used exclusively for religious worship, for 
schools, or for purposes purely charitable, shall be exempt from taxation, 
for state, county, or local purposes. 

There shall be annually assessed and collected on the assessed value of 
all the real estate and personal property subject by law to taxation in the 
state one-fifth of one per centum for state revenue, and one-fifth of one 
per centum for the payment of all state indebtedness. 

The assessor or his deputy or deputies shall, between the first days of 
August and Januar}'-, and after being furnished with the necessary books 
and blanks by the county clerk, at the expense of the county, proceed to take 
a list of the taxable personal propert}' in his county, town, or district, and 
assess the value thereof in the manner following, to-wit: He shall call at 
the office, place of doing business, or residence of each person required 
by this act to list property, and shall require such person to make a cor- 
rect statement of all taxable property owned by such person, or under 
the care, charge, or management of such person, except merchandise, 
which may be required to pay a license tax, being in any county in this 
state, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the person listing 
the property shall enter a true and correct statement of such property in 
a printed or written blank prepared for that purpose, which statement,, 
after being filled out, shall be signed and sworn to, to the extent required 
by this act, by the person listing the property, and delivered to the 
assessor, and such assessor's book shall be arranged and divided into twO' 
parts: The "land list" and the "personal property list." If any tax- 
payer shall fail or neglect to pay such collector his taxes at the time and 
place required by such notices, then it shall be the duty of the collector 
after the first da}^ of Januar}^ then next, to collect and account for as 
other taxes, an additional tax, as a penalty, of one per cent per month 
upon all taxes collected by him after the first day of January, as afore- 
said, and in computing said additional tax or penalty a fractional part of 
a month shall not be counted as a whole month. Collectors shall on the 
day of their annual settlement with the county court, file with said court a 
statement under oath of the amount so received, and from whom received, 
and settle with the court therefor; provided, however, that said interest 
shall not be chargeable against persons who are absent from their homes 
and engaged in the military service of this state, or of the United States, 
or against an}^ taxpayer who shall pay his taxes to the collector at any 



932 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

time before the first day of January in each year; provided, that the 
provisions of this section shall apply to the city of St. Louis so far as the 
same relates to the addition of said interest which in said city shall be 
collected and accounted for by the collector as other taxes, for which he 
shall receive no compensation. 

Every county collector shall on or before the fifteenth day of each 
month pay to the state treasurer all taxes or licenses received by him 
prior to the first day of the month. 

The sherift''s deed executed to the purchaser of real estate under a sale 
for delinquent taxes, which shall be acknowledged before the circuit court 
of the county or city as in ordinary cases; shall convey a title in fee to 
such purchaser of the real estate therein named, and shall be -prima facie 
evidence of title, and the matters and things therein stated are true. 

COURTS OF RECORD— THEIR JURISDICTION. 

SUPREME COURT. 

At the general election in the year eighteen hundred and eighty, and 
every two years thereafter, there shall be elected one judge of the 
supreme court, who shall hold his office for a term of ten years from the 
first day of January next after his election, and until his successor is duly 
elected and qualified. The majority of the judges may order special 
terms. 

CIRCUIT COURTS. 

At the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eighty, and at the general election every sixth year thereafter, except as 
otherwise provided by law, all the circuit judges shall be elected, and 
shall enter upon their offices on the first Monday in January next ensuing. 
Circuit courts in the respective counties in which they may be held shall 
have power and jurisdiction as follows: First, as courts of law in all 
criminal cases which shall not be otherwise provided for by law. Second, 
■exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases which shall not be cogniz- 
able before the county courts, probate courts, and justices of the peace 
and not otherwise provided by law. Third, concurrent original jurisdic- 
tion with justices of the peace in all civil actions and proceedings for the 
recovery of money, whether such action be founded upon contract or 
trust or upon a bond or undertaking given in pursuance of law in any 
civil action or proceeding, or for a penalty or forfeiture given by any 
statute of this state when the sum demanded, exclusive of interest and 
cost, shall exceed fifty dollars and does not exceed one hundred and fifty 
dollars, and of all actions against any railroad company in this state to 
recover damages for the killing or injuring of horses, mules, cattle or 
other animals, without regard to the value of such animals or the amount 
claimed for killing or injury, the same in all counties or cities having over 
fifty thousand inhabitants; concurrent original jurisdiction with justices 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 933 

of the peace of all actions and proceedings for the recovery of money, 
whether such actions be founded upon contract or tort or upon a bond 
or undertaking given in any civil action or proceeding, or for a penalty or 
forfeiture given by an}^ statute of this state when the sum demanded, 
exclusive of interest and cost, shall exceed fifty dollars and not exceed 
two hundred and fifty dollars, and of all actions against any railroad com- 
pany in this state to recover damages for the killing or injuring horses, 
mules, cattle or other animals, without regard to the value of such ani- 
mals or the amount of damages claimed for killing or injuring the same. 
Fourth, appellate jurisdiction from the judgments and orders of the coun- 
ty court, probate court, and justices of the peace in all cases not expressly 
prohibited by law, and shall possess the superintending control over them. 
Fifth, the general control over executors, administrators, guardians, cura- 
tors, minors, idiots, lunatics, and persons of unsound mind. 

COUNTY COURT. 

The county court shall be composed of three members, to be styled the 
judges of the county court; and each county shall be districted by the 
county court thereof into two districts of contiguous territory, as near 
equal in population as practicable, without dividing municipal townships. 
Judges of this court shall be elected for a term of two years. At the 
general election of 1882, they shall be elected for four years. Four terms 
of the county court shall be held in each county annually, at the place of 
holding courts therein, commencing on the first Monday in February, 
May, August, and November, and shall also have power to order special 
terms. This court has control of county property, settling with county 
treasurers, etc. 

PROBATE COURTS. 

A probate court which shall be a court of record and consist of one 
judge is hereby established in the city of St. Louis and in every county in 
this state. 

yurisdiction — Said court shall have jurisdiction over all matters per- 
taining to probate business, to granting letters testimentary and of adminis- 
tration, the appointment of guardians and curators of minors and per- 
sons of unsound mind, settling the accounts of executors, administrators, 
curators and guardians, and the sale or leasing of lands by administrators, 
curators and guardians, and over all matters relating to apprentices, and 
such judges shall have the power to solemnize marriages. 

Judges of this court shall be elected in the year eighteen hundred and 
seventy-eight, and every four years thereafter. Said judge shall be com 
missioned by the governor and shall hold his office for four years. 



934 , ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 



ST. LOUIS COURT OF APPEALS. 

The qualified voters of the counties of the city of St. Louis, the counties • 
of St. Louis, St.. Charles, Lincoln and Warren, shall elect a judge of the 
St. Louis court of appeals, who shall be a resident of district composed of 
said counties, and who shall hold offices for a term of twelve years. The 
St. Louis court of appeals shall consist of three judges, who shall possess 
the same qualifications as judges of the supreme court. The court shall 
have a marshal, janitor and reporter. 

LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS. 

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. 

Offenses punishable with death or imprisonment in the penitentiary dur- 
ing life, may be prosecuted at any time after the offense shall have been 
committed. 

For felonies other than above mentioned, within three years after the 
commission of the offense. 

For any offense other than felony or fine or forfeiture, within one year 
after the commission of the offense. 

Actions and suits upon statute for penalty or forfeiture given in whole 
or part, to any person who will prosecute within one year after the com- 
missions of the offense. 

When penalty is given in w^hole or in part to the state, or county or 
city or the treasurer of the same, suit must be brought within two years. 

Actions upon any statute for any penalty or forfeiture given in whole or 
in part to the party aggrieved within three years. 

Actions against moneyed corporations, or against the directors or stock- 
holders of the same, shall be brought within six years of the discover}'. 

LIMITATION OF PERSONAL ACTIONS. 

Civil actions other than those for the recovery of real propery, must 
be commenced within the periods here prescribed. 

Actions upon any writing, whether sealed or unsealed, for the payment 
of money or property, within ten years. 

Actions brought on any covenant of warranty in deed, or conveyance of 
land, within ten years. 

Actions on any covenant of seizure contained in any such deed, within 
ten years. 

Actions upon contracts, obligations, or liabilities — express or implied, 
except as above mentioned, and except upon judgments or decrees of a 
court of record, within five years. 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE T.AWS. - 935 

Actions upon liabilit\- created by statute, other than penalty or forfeiture, 
five years. 

Actions for trespass on real estate, five years. 

Actions for taking, detaining, or injuring any goods or^ chattels, includ- 
ing actions for the recovery of specific personal property, or for any other 
injury to the person or rights of another not arising on contract and not 
otherwise enumerated, five years. 

Actions for relief on the ground of fraud, five years. 

Actions against a sheriff', coroner, or other public officer upon a liability 
incurred by doing an act in his official capacity, or the omission of an 
official duty, non-payment of monej- collected, etc., three years. 

Actions upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture w^here the action is 
given to the party aggrieved, or to such party and the state, three years. 

Actions for libel, slander, assault and battery, false imprisonment, or 
criminal conversation, two years. 

LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS RELATING TO REAL PROPERTY. 

Actions for the recovery of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, or 
for the recovery of the possession thereof, shall be commenced by any 
person whether citizen, denizen, alien, resident or non-resident, unless 
his ancestor, predecessor, grantor, or other person under whom he claims 
was seized or possessed of the premises in question, within ten years 
before the commencement of such actions, except in case of military bountv 
lands, which must be brought within two years. 

No entry upon any lands, tenements or hereditaments shall be valid as a 
claim, unless the action be commenced thereon within one year after the 
making of such entry, and within ten years from the time when the right 
to make such entry accrued. 

If any person entitled to bring an action as above stated, shall be under 
twenty-one years of age, or imprisoned for less than life, or insane, or a 
married woman, the time during such disability shall continue, shall not be 
deemed any portion of the time limited for the commencement of such 
action or the making of such entry after the time so limited, and may be 
brought in three years after the disability is removed. 

If any person having the right to bring such action or make such entry, 
die during the disability mentioned, and no determination be had of the 
right, title, or action to him accrued, his heirs or any one claiming under 
him, may commence such action within three years. 

JURIES. 

SELECTION OF GRAND JURY. 

A grand jury shall consist of twelve men, and, unless otherwise ordered, 
as hereinafter provided, it shall be the duty of the sheriff' of each county 
in the state to summon within the time prescribed by law a panel of 



030 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

grand jurors, consisting of twelve good and lawful men, selected from 
the different townships of his county, as near as may be in proportion to 
the number of male citizens in each, to be returned to each regular term 
of the courts in his count}^ having criminal jurisdiction. 

Every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state, 
resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over 
twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified. 

In all counties having a population less than twenty thousand inhabit- 
ants, every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state, 
resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over 
twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified. 

No exception to a juror on account of his citizenship, non-residence, 
state, or age, or other legal disabilit}^, shall be allowed after the jury is 
sworn. 

No person being a member of an}- volunteer fire department duly 
organized and ready for active service; no person employed in any paid 
fire department, and no person exercising the functions of a clergyman, 
practitioner of medicine, or atiorney-at-law, clerk or other officer of any 
court, ferry-keeper, postmaster, overseer of roads, coroner, constable, 
miller, professor or other teacher in any school or institution of learning, 
judge of a court of record, or any person over the age of sixty-five years 
shall be compelled to serve on any jury. 

No person shall be summoned to serve at more than one term of court, 
either as grand or petit juror, within the period of one year in any court 
of record. Each person summoned under this act shall receive one dollar 
and fifty cents per day for every day he shall serve as such, and five cents 
for every mile he may necessarily travel in going from his place of resi- 
dence to the court house and returning to the same, to be paid out of the 
county treasury. 

All persons duly summoned as grand or petit jurors may be attached 
for non-attendance, and fined by the court for contempt in any sum not 
exceeding fifty dollars, in the discretion of the court. 

In all suits which hereafter may be pending in any court of record in 
this state the clerk shall, if a jury be sworn to try the same, tax up as 
other costs against the unsuccessful party a jury fee of six dollars, which 
shall be collected by the sherifl', and paid into the hands of the county 
treasurer, who shall keep an account thereof, in a separate book to be 
provided for that purpose, and the money so collected and paid in shall 
constitute a jury fund. 

Grand jurors shall not be compelled to serve on a petit jury during the 
same term. 

In all civil cases in courts of record, where a jury is demanded, there 
shall be summoned and returned eighteen qualified jurors; but in appeal 



ABSTRACT OI" MISSOURI STATK I, \WS. 9?>7 

cases the number shall be the same as allowed by law in the courts from 
which the appeals are taken, and the number of peremptor}- challenges in 
addition. 

In the trial of civil causes, each party shall be entitled to challenge per- 
emptorily three jurors. 

MARRIED WOMEN. 

The homestead of every housekeeper or head of a family, consisting of 
a dwelling-house and appurtenances, and the land used in connection there- 
with, which shall be used by such housekeeper or head of a family as such 
homestead, shall be exempt from attachment and execution. Such home- 
■ stead in the country shall not include more than I(iO acres of land or exceed 
the total value of $1,500; and in cities having a population of 40,000 or 
more such homestead shall not include more than eighteen square rods of 
ground, or exceed the total value of ihree thousand dollars; and in cities 
or incorporated towns and villages having a less population than 40,000, 
such homestead shall not include more than thirty square rods of ground, 
or exceed the total value of $1,500. After the tiling by the wife of her 
claim upon the homestead as such, the husband shall be debarred from 
and incapable of selling, mortgaging or alienating the homestead in any 
manner whatever. 

A husband and wife may convey the real estate of the wife, and the 
wife may relinquish her dower in the real estate of her husband, by their 
joint deed, acknowledged and certified as herein provided, but no covenant 
expressed or implied in such deed shall bind the wife or the heirs except 
so far as may be necessary eflectually to convey from her or her heirs all 
her right, title and interest expressed to be conveyed therein. 

A married woman may convey her real estate or relinquish her dower 
m the real estate of her husband by a power of attorney authorizing its 
conveyance, executed and -acknowledged by her jointly with her husband, 
as deeds conveying real estate by them are required to be executed and 
acknowledged. 

If any married woman shall hold real estate in her own right, and her 
husband, by criminal conduct toward her, or by ill usage, shall give such 
married woman cause to live separate and apart from her husband, such 
woman may by her next friend petition the circuit court, setting forth such 
facts, and therein pray that such estate may be enjoyed by her for her 
sole use and benefit. 

Any personal propert}', including rights in action, belonging to an}' 
woman at her marriage, or which may have come to her during coverture 
by gift, bequest or inheritance, or by purchase with her separate money 
or means, or be due as the wages of her separate labor, or have grow^n 
out of any violation of her personal rights, shall, together with all income, 
increase and profits thereof, be and remain her separate property, and 



•^'S8 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

under her sole control, and shall not be liable to be taken by any process 
of law for the debts of her husband. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

Whenever the personal property of any homestead or head of a family 
shall be attached or taken in execution, the debtor therein shall claim that 
the same, or any part thereof, is the product of such homestead, the officer 
taking the same shall cause appraisers to be appointed and sworn, as in 
the case of the levy of execution on real estate, and such appraisers shall 
decide upon such claim and settle the products of such homestead to such 
debtor accordincrly, and the proceedintrs therein shall be stated by such 
officer in his return. 

An}- policy of insurance heretofore or hereafter made by any insurance 
company on the life of any person, expressed to be for the benefit of any 
married woman, whether the same be effected bv herself or by her hus- 
band, or by any third person in her behalf, shall inure to her separate use 
and benefit and that of her children, if an}-, independently of her husband 
and of his creditors and representatives, and also independently of such 
third person effecting the same in his behalf, his creditors and representa- 
tives. 

The following property only shall be exempt from attachment and exe- 
cution when owned by any person other than the head of a family: Kirsfy 
the wearing apparel of all persons. Second., the necessary tools and 
implements of trade of any mechanic while carrying on his trade. 

The following property-, when owned by the head of a family, shall be 
exempt from attachment and execution. First, ten head of choice hogs, 
ten head of choice sheep, or the product thereof, in wool, yarn or cloth ; 
two cows and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe and one set of plow 
gears and all necessar}' farm implements for the use of one man. Second, 
working animals of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars. Third, 
the spinning wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus necessary for man- 
ufacturing cloth in a private family. Fourth, all the spun yarn, thread 
and cloth, manufactured for famil}^ use. Fifth, any quantity of hemp, flax 
and wool not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. Sixth, all wenring 
apparel of the family, four beds with their usual bedding, and such other 
household and kitchen furniture not exceeding the value of one hundred 
dollars, as may be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory 
thereof to be returned on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose 
duty it may be to levy the same. Seventh, the necessary tools and imple- 
ments of trade of an}^ mechanic, while carrying on his trade. Eio-hth, 
all arms and equipments required b}- law to be kept. Ninth, all such 
provisions as may be found on hand for family use, not exceeding one 
hundred dollars in value. Tenth, the bibles and other books used in a 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 93^ 

family, lettered grave stones, and one pew in the house of worship. 
Eleventh, all lawyers, physicians and ministers of the gospel shall have 
the privilege of selecting such books as may be necessary in their profes- 
sion, in the place of other property herein allowed, at their option ; that 
doctors of medicine in lieu of the property exempt from execution, 
may be allowed to select their medicines. In all cases of the sale of per- 
sonal property, the same shall be subject to execution against the pur- 
chaser on a judgment for the purchase price thereof, and shall in no case 
be exempt from such judgment and execution for the purchase price as 
between the vendor, his assignee, heir or legal representative and pur- 
chaser. 

FENCES. 

All fields and inclosures shall be inclosed by hedge, or with a fence 
sufficiently close, composed of posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and 
planks, posts and wires, palisades or rails alone, laid up in the manner 
commonly called a worm fence, or of turf with ditches on each side, or of 
stone or brick. 

All hedges shall be at least four feet high, and all fences composed of 
posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and wire, posts and planks or pal- 
isades shall be at least four and a half feet high ; those composed of turf 
shall be at least four feet high and with ditches on either side, at least 
three feet wide at the top, and three feet deep; and what is commonly 
called a worm fence shall be at least five feet high to the top of the rider, 
or if not ridered, shall be five feet to the top of the top rail or pole, and 
shall be locked with strong rails, poles, or stakes; those composed of stone 
or brick shall be at least four and a half feet high. 

Wherever the fence of any owner of real estate now erected or con- 
structed, serves to inclose the lands of another, or which shall become a 
part of the fence inclosing the land of another, on demand made by the 
person owning such fence, such other person shall pay the owner one- 
half the value of so much thereof as serves to inclose his land: and upon 
such payment, shall own an undivided half of such fence. 

Provided, The person thus benefitted shall have the option to builf 
within eight months from date of such demand, a lawful fence half the 
distance along the line covered by the above mentioned fence. The 
demand shall be made in writing and served on the party interested, his 
agent or attorney, or left with some member of the family over fourteen 
years o^ age, at his usual place of abode. If the party notified fails to 
comply with the demand within the specified time, the party making the 
demand may, at his option, proceed to enforce the collection of one-half 
the value of such fence, or remove his fence without any other or further 
notice. 

Every person owning a part of a division fence, shall keep the same in 



940 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

good repair, according to the requirements of the act, and upon neglect 
or refusal to do so, shall be liable in double damages to the party injured 
thereby. 

If the parties interested shall fail to agree as to the value of one-half 
of such fence, the owner of the fence may apply to a justice of the peace 
of the township, who shall, without delay, issue an order to three disinter- 
ested householders of the township, not of kin to either party, reciting the 
complaint, and requiring them to view the fence, estimate the value 
thereof, and make return under oath to the justice on the day named in 
the order. 

If the person thus assessed or charged with the value of one-half of 
any fence, shall neglect or refuse to pay over to the owner of such fence 
the amount so awarded, the same may be recovered before a justice of the 
peace or other court of competent jurisdiction. 

ROADS, HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES. 

The overseers of highways in each road district in each township, shall 
have care and superintendence of all highways, and bridges therein, and 
it shall be their duty to have all highways and bridges kept in good repair, 
and to cause to be built all such bridges as public necessity may require, 
said bridges to be built by contract, let to the lowest responsible bidder, 
and to be paid for out of any money in the overseer's hands, or in the 
treasury for road or bridge purposes. But in no case shall the overseer 
take such contfact, either for himself, or by his agent. 

It shall be the duty of the overseer of highwa3^s to name all residents 
of the district against whom a land or personal tax is assessed, giving 
them two days' notice to work out the same upon the highways, and he 
shall receiv^e such tax in labor from every able-bodied man, or his or her 
substitute, at the rate of $1.50 per day, and in proportion for a less 
amount, provided that any person may pay such tax in money. The 
township board of directors shall have the power to assess upon all real 
estate and personal property in their township made taxable by law, for 
state and county purposes, a sufficient tax to keep the roads and highways 
of the various road districts in their township in good repair, which tax 
shall be levied as follows: for every one mill tax upon the dollar levied 
upon real and personal property, as valued on the assessor's roll of the 
previous year, the township board of directors shall require one day's 
work of each person subject to work on roads and highways, and no 
more. 

SUPPORT OF THE POOR. 

Poor persons shall be relieved, maintained and supported by the county 
of which they are inhabitants. 

Aged, infirm, lame, blind, or sick persons who are unable to support 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 941 

themselves, and where there are no other persons required by law and 
able to maintain them, shall be deemed poor persons. 

No person shall be deemed an inhabitant within the meaning of this 
chapter, who has not resided for the space of twelve months next preced- 
ing the time of any order being made respecting such person in the county, 
or who shall have removed from another county for the purpose of impos- 
ing the burden or keeping such person on the county where he or she last 
resided for the time aforesaid. 

LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. 

Every landlord shall have a hen on the crops grown on the demised 
premises in any year for the rent that shall accrue for such year; and such 
lien shall continue for eight months after such rent shall become due and 
payable, and no longer. When the demised premises or any portion 
thereof are used for the purpose of growing nursery stock, the lien shall 
exist and continue in such stock until the same shall have been removed 
from the premises and sold. 

No tenant for a term, not exceeding two years, or at will, or by suffer- 
ance, shall assign or transfer his term, or interest, or any part thereof to 
another, without the written assent of the landlord, or person holding 
under him. 

Either party may terminate a tenancy from year to year, by giving 
notice in writing of his intention to terminate the same, of not less than 
three months next before the end of the year. 

A tenancy at will, or by sufferance, or for less than one year, may be 
terminated by the person entitled to the possession, by giving one month's 
notice, in writing to the person in possession, requiring him to remove. 
All contracts or agreements for the leasing, renting, or occupation of stores 
shops, houses, tenements, or other buildings in cities, towns, or villages, not 
made in writing, signed by the parties thereto, or their agents, shall be 
held and taken to be tenancies from month to month; and all such tenan- 
cies may be terminated by either party thereto, or his agent, giving to the 
other party or his agent one month's notice in writing, of his intention to 
terminate such tenancy. 

No notice to quit shall be necessary from or to a tenant whose time is 
to end at a certain time, or where by special agreement, notice is dis- 
pensed with. 

A landlord may recover a reasonable satisfaction for the use and orccu- 
pation of any lands or tenements, held by any person under an agreement 
not made by deed. 

Property exempt from execution shall be also exempt from attachment 
for rent, except the crops grown on the demised premises on which the 
rent claimed is due. 



942 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

If any tenant for life or years, shall commit waste during his estate or 
term, of any thing belonging to the tenement so held, without special 
license in writing, so to do, he shall be subject to a civil action for such 
waste, and shall lose the thing so wasted and pay treble the amount at 
which the waste shall be assessed. 

BILL OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party for a considera- 
tion to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The pur- 
chaser must take actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale must 
be acknowledged and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all men by these presents, That I, David Franklin, of Lexington, 
Missouri, of the first part, for and in consideration of three hundred dollars, 
to me in hand paid by Albert Brown, of the same place, of the second 
part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this 
instrument do convey unto the said Brown, party of the second part, his 
executors, administrators and assigns, my undivided half of forty acres of 
corn now growing on the farm of William Mason,in the township of J ackson, 
Lafayette county, Missouri ; one pair of horses, twenty head of hogs, and six 
cows belonging to me and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and 
to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his heirs, executors, and 
assigns, forever. And I do for myself and legal representatives agree 
with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the aforementioned property and chattels 
unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, 
against all and. every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand this first day of 
June, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

David Franklin. 

BENEVOLENT, RELIGIOUS, AND EDUCATIONAL ASSOCI- 
ATIONS. 

Any lodge of Free Masons, or Odd Fellows, division of Sons of Tem- 
perance or any other association organized for benevolent or charitable 
purposes, or any library company, school, college or other association, 
organized for the promotion of literature, science, or art, or any gymnastic 
or other association, organized for the purpose of promoting bodily or 
mental health, and all societies, organized for the purpose of promoting 
either of the objects above named, and for all similar purposes, by what- 
ever name they may be known, consisting of not less than three persons, 
may be constituted and declared a body politic and corporate, with all the 
privileges, and subject to all the liabilities and restrictions contained in this 
act. Acts 1868, page 28. 



ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATK LAWS. [i-i:] 

All associations incorporated under the provisions of the above law shall 
tile a copy of all amendments to their articles of association, certified as 
such under their seal, with the clerk of the circuit court, within sixty da3S 
after their passage. 

Any number of persons, not less than three in number, may become an 
incorporated church, religious society, or congregation; by complying 
with the provisions of this chapter, except that it will be sufficient if the 
petition be signed by all the persons making the application, and when so 
incorporated, such persons and their associates and successors shall be 
known by the corporate name specified in the certificate of incorporation, 
and shall be entitled to all the privileges, and capable of exercising all the 
powers conferred, or authorized to be conferred by the constitution of this 
state upon such corporation. Acts 1871-2, P. 16, Sec. 1. 

Any such corporation shall have power to raise money in any manner 
agreed upon in the articles of association. 

INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

A dramshop-keeper is a person permitted by law to sell intoxicating 
liquors in any quantity not exceeding ten gallons. ' 

No person shall directly or indirectly sell intoxicating liquors in an}- 
quantit}' less than one gallon without taking out a license as a dramshop- 
keeper. 

Application for a license as a dramshop-keeper shall be made in writing 
to the county court, and shall state where the dramshop is to be kept, and 
if the court shall be of opinion that the applicant is a person of good 
character, the court may grant a license for six months. 

Any sale, gift or other disposition of intoxicating liquors made to any 
minor without the permission or consent herein required, or to any hab- 
itual drunkard, by an}- clerk, agent, or other person acting for any dram- 
shop-keeper, druggist, merchant, or other person, shall be deemed and 
taken to be as the act of such dramshop-keeper, druggist, merchant, or 
other person. 

Intoxicating Hquors may be sold in an}^ quantity not less than a quart 
at the place where made, but the maker or seller shall not permit or suffer 
the same to be drank at the place of sale, nor at any place under the 
control of either or both. Any person convicted of a violation o^ the 
provisions of this section shall be fined a sum not less than $40 nor more 
than $200. Provided, that nothing herein contained shall be so con- 
strued as to affect the right of any person having a wine and beer house 
license to sell wine and beer in any quantity not exceeding ten gallons at 
any place. 

Any dramshop-keeper, druggist, or merchant selling, giving away or 
otherwise disposing of an}^ intoxicating liquors to any habitual drunkard, 



,944 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

after such dramshop-keeper, druggist, or merchant shall have been noti- 
fied by the wife, father, mother, brother, sister, or guardian of such per- 
son not to sell, give away or furnish to such person an\' intoxicating 
liquors, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction 
thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than $40 nor more than $200, 
and upon conviction of any dramshop-keeper it shall work a forfeiture of 
his license to keep a dramshop, and also debar him from again obtaining 
a license for that purpose. 

GENERAL WARRANTY DEED. 

This Indenture^ made on the .... day of. ... A. D. one thousand eight 
hundred and . . . . , by and between .... of ... . part .... of the first part, and 
.... of the . . . . of . . . . , in the state of ... . part . . of the second part. 

WITNESSETH, That the said^ part . . of the first part, in consideration of 
the sum of . . . . ;;;j,dollars, to.... paid by the said part, .of the second 
part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, do . . by these pres- 
ents, grant, bargain, and sell, convey, and confirm, unto the said part . . of 
the second part,. . . .heirs and assigns, the following described lots, tracts, 
or parcels of land, lying, being and situated in the .... of ... . and state of 

. . . ., to-wit: 

[Give descriptiou of property.] 

To have and to hold the premises aforesaid, with all and singular, the 
rights, privileges, appurtenances, immunities, and improvements thereto 
belonging, or in any wise appertaining unto the said part, .of the second 
part, and unto .... heirs and assigns, forever; the said .... hereby cov- 
enanting that .... will warrant and defend the title to the said premises 
unto the said part . . of the second part and unto .... heirs ivnd assigns 
forever, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons whom- 
soever. 

In witness whereof, the said part, .of the first part ha. .hereunto set. . 
hand, .and seal, .the day and year first above written. 

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us. 

. [seal I 

I seal] 

STATE OF MISSOURI, ) 

.... of ... . S ' Be it remembered, that on this .... 
day of .... A. D. 18 .... , before the undersigned, a . . . . within and for the 
.... of ... . and state of ... . personally came .... who are personally known 
to me to be the same persons whose names are subscribed to the fore- 
going instrument of writing as parties thereto, and they acknowledged 
the same to be their act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned. 
And the said .... being by me first made acquainted with the contents of 
said instrument, upon an examination separate and apart from .... hus- 
band . . . . , acknowledged that executed the same, and relinquishes 



ABSTRACT OK MISSOURI STATE LAWS. JM5 

.... dower, in the real estate therein mentioned, freely and without fear, 
compulsion or tindue influence on the part of . . . . said husband . , . . ; and 

I certify that my term of office as a notary public will expire 18 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my 
official seal, at my office in ... . this day and year first above written. 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 

This indenture, made on the .... day of . . . . , A. D. one thousand eight 
hundred and . . . . , by and between . . . . , of the county of . . . . , and state of 
. . . . , part of the first part, and . . . . , of the county of . . . . , and state of 
. . . . , part of the second part, 

Witnesseth, That the said part of the first part, in consideration of the 
sum of .... loo dollars, to .... paid by the said part of the second part, 
the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, do by these presents, 
remise, release, and forever quit-claim unto the said part of the second 
part, the following described lots, tracts, or parcels of land, lying, being 
and situate in the county of . . . . , and state of . . . . , to wit: [Give descrip- 
tion of propert}^] 

■" [This deed of quit-claim being made in release of, and satisfaction for 
a certain deed .... dated the . . day of. . . ., 18. . ; recorded in the recor- 
der's office, within and for the county of .... aforesaid, in deed book . . , 
at pages . . . . ] 

To have and to hold the same, with all the rights, immunities, privileges 
and appurtenances thereto belonging, unto the said part of the second 
part, and .... heirs and assigns, forever; so that neither the said part 
of the first part nor .... heirs, nor any other person or persons for .... 
or in .... name or behalf, shall or will hereafter claim or demand any 
right or title to the aforesaid premises, or any part thereof, but they and 
ever}' of them shall, by these presents, be excluded and forever barred. 

In witness whereof. That said part of the first part ha hereunto set 
.... hand and seal , the day and year first above written. 

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us. 

[seal] 

[seal] 

[Acknowiedgmenl same as in General Warranty Deed.] 

MORTGAGE DEED. 

Know all men by these presents, that,. . . .of the county of. . . ., in the 
state of ... . for and in consideration of the sum of ... . dollars, to the said 
.... in hand paid by .... of the county of .... in the state of .... ha . . 

* Omit this clause in case this deed is not made in release of some other instrument, 
(ill 



946 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents do. . grant, bargain 
and sell, unto the said .... the following described .... situated in the 
county of. . . .in the state of . . . .that is to say: 

[Give description of propert}'.] 
To have and to hold the property and premises hereby conveyed, with 
all the rights, privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in 
anywise appertaining, unto said .... heirs and assigns forever; upon this 
express condition, whereas, the said ... .on the . . . .day of . ... A. D. one 
thousand eight hundred and .... made, executed and delivered to the said 
. . . .certain . . . .described as follows, to-wit: 

[Give description of notes, time of payment, etc.] 

Now, if the said .... executor or administrator, shall pay the sum of 
money specified in said .... and all the interest that may be due thereon, 
according to the tenor and eflect of said .... then this conveyance shall be 
void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and virtue in law. 

In witness whereof, . . . . , the said grantor .... and mortgagor .... ha. . 
hereunto subscribed .... name .... and affixed .... seal .... this .... day of 
. .., A. D. IS... 

[SEAL.J 

[seal.] 

[Acknowledgment same as General Warranty Deed. J 

CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

Know all men by these presents. That. . . .of the county of . . . ., and 
state of . . . . , in consideration of the sum of . . . . roo dollars, to ... . paid by 
.... of the county of . . . . and state of .... do sell and convey to said .... 
the following goods and chattels, to-wit: 

[Here describe goods.] 

Warranted free of incumbrances, and against any adverse claims: 

Upon condition, That .... pay to the said .... the sum of . . . . loo dollars, 
and interest, agreeably to ... . note . . dated on the .... day of .... , 18 . . , 
and made payable to the said. . . .as follows, to-wit:. . . .then this deed 
shall be void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect. 

The parties hereto agree That, until condition broken, said property 
may remain in possession of . . . .but after condition broken, the said. . . . 
may at ... . pleasure take and remove the same, and may enter into any 
building or premises of the said .... for that purpose. 

Witness our hands and seals, this .... day of . . . A. D, 18 . . 

Signed, sealed and dehvered in 

presence of us. . [seal.] 

[seal.] 

State of Missouri, ) 

County of^ f 

Be it remembered. That on the .... das' of. . . . A. D. 18 . . , before the 
undersigned, a . . . . within and for the county aforesaid, personally came 



ABSTRACT OF .MISSOURI STATP: LAWS. 947 

.... who .... personally known to me to be tiie same person .... whose 
name .... subscribed to the foregoing chattel mortgage as part.... 
thereto, and acknowledged the same to be ... . act and deed for the uses 
and pui-poses therein mentioned. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and atfi.xed 
my .... seal, at my office in .... in said count}-, the day and year afore- 
said. My term of office as notary public will expire on the . . . da}- of 
18.. 

HOUSE LEASE. 

This article of agreement witnesseth. That. . . .ha. .this day rented to 
... .in the present condition thereof , the .... for the period of.... from 

the day 18. ., on the following terms and conditions, to-wit: 

For the use and rent thereof, the said .... hereby promise . . to pay said 
... .or to. . . .order. . . .dollars, per . . . .for the whole time above stated, 

and to pay the same at the of each ; that will not 

sub-let or allow any other tenant to come in with or under .... without 
the written consent of said.. . . ; that .... will repair all injuries or dam- 
ages done to the premises by him or them during. . . .occiipancy, or pa\- 
for the same ; that all of ... . property, whether subject to legal exemption 
or not, shall be bound, and subject to the payment of rents and damages 
thereof; that .... will take good care of the buildings and premises and 
keep them free from filth, from danger of fire or any nuisance and from 
all uses forbidden in any fire insurance policy issued thereon, .... and pro- 
tect, defend and indemnify the said .... from all damages .... and charges 
for such, that the houses and premises shall be kept clean, fairly treated 
and left so; that in default of the payment of any. . . .installment of rent 
for .... day . . after the same becomes due, .... will, at the request of the 
said. . . .quit and render to. . . .the peaceable possession thereof; but, for 
this cause, the obligation to pay shall not cease, and, finally at the end of 
.... term .... will surrender to said .... heirs or assigns, the peaceable 
possession of the said house and premises, with all the keys, bolts, latches 
and repairs, if any, in as good condition as ... . received the same, the 
usual wear and use and providential destruction or destruction by fire 
excepted. 

In witness whereof, the parties have set ... . hand .... and seal .... to 

.... cop . . hereof to be retained by ... . 

Dated this day of 18. . 

[seal.] 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 
Every mechanic or other person who shall do or perform any work or 
labor upon, or furnish any materials, fixtures, engine, boiler or machinery 
for any building, erection or improvements upon land, or for repairing the 



948 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

same under or by virtue of any contract with the owner or proprietor, or 
his agent, trustee, contractor or sub-contractor, shall be entitled to a lien 
upon such building, erection, or improvement, and upon the land belong- 
ing to such owner or proprietor on which the same are situated. The 
oriorinal contractor must within six months, and ever}^ journeyman and 
day laborer within thirty days, and of every other person seeking to 
obtain the benefit of the provisions of this chapter, within four months 
after the indebtedness shall have accrued, file with the clerk of the cir- 
cuit court of the proper county, a just and true account of the demand due 
him or them, after all just credits have been given, which is to be a lien 
upon such building or improvement, and a true description of the property 
or so near as to identify the same upon which the lien is intended to apply, 
with the name of the owner or contractor, or both, if known to be the 
person filing the lien which shall in all cases be verified by the oath of 
himself or some credible person for him. 

Every person except the original contractor, who may wish to avail 
himself of the benefits of the provisions of this chapter, shall give ten days 
notice before filing of the lien as herein required, to the owner, owners, or 
agent, or either of them, that he or they hold a claim against such build- 
ing or improvements, setting forth the amount and from whom the same is 
due. 

All mechanics' lien holders shall stand on equal footing, without refer- 
ence to date of filing, and upon sale of property they shall take pro rata 
on the respective liens. 

We only attempt to give an outline of the law of mechanics' liens to aid 
the general business man. Should any complicated questions arise, it is 
best to consult an attorney in regard to the same. 

MECHANIC'S LIEN. 
Now, at this day, come. . . .and with a view to avail. . . .of the benefit 
of the statute relating to mechanics' liens, file . . the account below set 
forth for work and labor done, and materials furnished by .... under 
contract with .... upon, to and for the buildings and improvements 
described as follows, to-wit: 

(Give description of buildings.) 
and situated on the following described premises, to-wit: 

(Give description of the property upon which the building is erected.) 
said premise, buildings, and improvements, belonging to and being 
owned by .... which said account, the same being hereby filed, in order 
that it may constitute a lien upon the buildings, improvements, and prem- 
ises above described, is as follows: 

[Set the account out in full.] 

.State of Missouri, count}- of . . . . , ss., being duly sworn, on his 

oath says that the foregoing is a just and true account of the demand due 



ABSTRACT OF MLSSOURI .STATIC 1-AWS. 949 

for work and labor done, and materials furnished b} .... upon, to 

and for the buildings and improvements hereinbefore described, after all 
just credits have been o^iven ; that said work and labor were done, and 
said materials furnished upon, to and for said buildings and improvements 

by .... at the instance and request of, and under contract with that 

the foregoing description is a true description of the property upon, to and 
for which said materials were furnished, and said work and labor done, 
and to which this lien is intended to apply, or so near as to identif\- the 
same ; that said demand accrued within .... months prior to the filing of 

this lien, and that on the day of , 18 . ., and at least ten days 

prior to the filing of this lien .... gave notice to .... of his claim against 
the amount thereof, from whom due, and of ... . intention to file a lien 
therefor; that said .... as affiant is informed and believes, the owner. . 
of the above described premises, and the buildings and improvements 
thereon, which said premises, buildings, and improvements are intended 
to be charged with this lien. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me this .... dav of . . . . , 18 . . 



BILL OF SALE OF GOODS. 

Know all men by these presents, that .... of .... for and in considera- 
tion of the sum of .... dollars to . . in hand paid by .... of .... the 
receipt whereof . . do hereby acknowledge, by these presents do bargain 
and sell unto the said .... all the goods, household stuft', implements and 
furniture, and all other goods and chattels whatsoever mentioned in the 
schedule hereunto annexed: To have and to hold all and singular the 
said goods, household stufi, and furniture, and other premises above bar- 
gained and sold or intended so to be, to the said .... and . . assigns for- 
ever. And .... the said .... for ... . and . . heirs, all and singular, the 
goods and chattels of whatever description, unto the said .... and . . 
assigns against .... the said .... and against all and every other person 
and persons whomsoever, shall and will warrant and forever defend 
by these presents. Of all and singular which said goods, chattels, 
and property, .... the said .... have put the said .... in full pos- 
session by delivery to . . , the said .... one .... at the sealing and delivery 
of these presents, in the name of the whole premises hereby bargained 

and sold, or mentioned, or intended so to be unto . . , the said as 

aforesaid. 

In witness whereof, . . have hereunto set . . hand . . and atfixed . . seal 
this day A. D. IS. . 

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of [l. s. j 



Note. — If the bill of sale is to be recorded in tiie county recordei'o olhce, it must be 
acknowledged before some officer authorized to take acknowledgment of deeds— other- 
wise not. 



950 abstract of missouri state laws. 

State of Missouri, ) 

County of ( 

Be it remembered, that on this .... day of . . . ., A. D. 18. ., before the 
undersigned, a . . . . within and for the county of .... and state of Mis- 
souri, personally came .... who . . personally known to me to be the 

same person . . whose name . . subscribed to the foregoing instrument 

of writing, as part . . thereto, and acknowledged the same to be . . 

voluntary act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my 

official seal, at my office in .... the day and year above written. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly 

placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, 
United States currency. 

£ means pounds, English money. 

(gj stands for at or to \ ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels; "^ for per 
or by the. Thus, butter sells at 20 @ 30c f ft), and flour at $8@12 f bbl. 

\ for per cent., and +t for number. 

May ]. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1.2.5, "seller June." Seller June 
means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering 
it at any time during the month of June. 

Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or 
stock, at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has 
not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling " short" 
to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and 
fill his contract at a profit. Hence the " shorts" are called " bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or 
shares of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, 
expecting to make a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs" are termed 
" bulls," as it is for their interest to " operate " so as to " toss " the prices 
upward as much as possible. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus: 
Mr. F. H. Coats: ^ St. Louis, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus: 



ABSTRACT OF .MISSOURI STATK LAWS. 951 

$100. St. Louis, Sept. 15, IS 76. 

Reeived of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Sedalia, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Marshall, Missouri, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A. Graham. 

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain 
thing in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always 
reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunder- 
standings and trouble. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must 
be clearly and explicitly stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a 
reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This agreement, made the second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Marshall, county of Saline, state of Missouri, of the first part, 
and Thomas Whitesides, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, That the said John Jones, in consideration of the agree- 
ment of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and 
agrees to and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good 
and marketable condition, at the village of Slater, Missouri, during the month 
of November, of this year, one hundred tons of prairie hay, in the fol- 
lowing lots, and at the following specified times, namely: Twenty-five 
tons by the seventh of November, twenty-five tons additional by the 
fourteenth of the month, twenty-five tons more by the twenty-first, and 
the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whitsides, in consideration of the prompt fulfill- 
ment of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts 
to and agrees with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per 
ton, for each ton as soon as delivered. 

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is 
hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the 
other, one hundred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, the day and year 
first above written. John Jones. 

Thomas Whiteside. 



952 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 

AGREEMENT WITH CLERK FOR SERVICES. 

This agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Marshall, county of 
Saline, State of Missouri, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of 
Sedalia, county of Pettis, state of Missouri, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, That said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently 
to work as clerk, and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during 
the space of one year fi-om the date hereof, should both live such length of 
time, without absenting himself from his occupation; during which time he, 
the said Barclay, in the store of said Stone, of Marshall, will carefully and 
honestly attend, doing and performing all duties as clerk and salesman 
aforesaid, in accordance and in all respects as directed and desired by the 
said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Bar- 
clay, the said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one 
thousand dollars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon 
the last day of each month : provided that all dues for days of absence 
from business by said Barclay, shall be deducted from the sum otherwise 
by the agreement due and payable by the said Stone to the said Barclay. 
Witness our hands: Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Hozu to find the gain or loss -per cent, when the cost and selling price are 
given. 

RuivE. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which 
will be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; 
the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Uozv to change gold into currency. 

Rule.— Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

Uozv to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount of currency by the price of gold. 

How to find each partner'' s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss b}^ the entire stock, the quotient 
will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each 
one's share of the gain or loss. 

Hozv to /i/id gross and net weight and price of hogs. 

A short and simple method fior finding the net weight., or price of hogs ^ 
when the gross -weight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note. — It is generally assumed that the gross weight of hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 
per cent, of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by }^ or 25 per cent, of 
itself equals the gross weight. 

To find the net -weight or gross price. 

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

To find the g ross -weight or net price. 

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

Ho-w to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed. 

Rule.— Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, 
and point off one decimal place - the result will be the correct answer in 
bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point 
off one decimal place. 

How to find the contents of a corn-crib. 

Rule.— Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 
by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place— the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

XOTE.— In estimating corn in the ear, fjuality&iid the time it has been cribbed must be 
taken into consideration, since corn will shrink coasiderably during the winter and spring. 
This rule generally holds good for corn measured at the lime it is cribbed, provided it is 
sound and clean. 



954 PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. 

Hoiv to find the contents, of a cistern or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in 
feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one decimal 
place— the result will be the contents in barrels of '^^\\ gallons. 

Ho2U to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all 
in inches) in reverked order, so that its units will fall under the tens; 
multiply by short method, and this product again by 430; point ofl' one 
decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

flozv to measure boards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

How to measure scantlings, joists, flanks, sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together, (the 
width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the 
product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods) and divide the pro- 
duct by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remain- 
der); the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add 
them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

How to find the number of square yards in alioor or wall. 

Rule. — -Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide 
the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

How to find the number of bricks required in a building: 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
and thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

How to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4r^ inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the length of the rafters. 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-f^ourth pitch, multipl}' the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths); at one-third pitch by .6 
(tenths); at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths): at one-half pitch, 
by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex 
to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken 
into consideration. 



PRACTICAL RULES FOR FAERY DAY USE. 055 

Note— By ^ or V pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be I4 or "^ 
the width of the l)uilding higher than the walls or base of the rafters. 

/Jow to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and 
remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

How to 7neasure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 

feet; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point o?l one place to 

the left. 

Note. — Exactness requires the addition, to every three hundred bushels, of one extra 
bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2 to find the 
number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for vieasuring- land zvithout instrunients. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square 3^ards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an 
ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the 
average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinarv purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line: to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
stright ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walking, 
keep these objects constantly in line. 

Fartners and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- 
trivance, may ahvays carry zvith them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the 
left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left 
arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To fnd hozv many rods in length will make an acre, the width being 
given. 

Rule.— Divide U>0 bv the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 

Hozv to iind the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circunference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

How to find the diameter zvhen the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference bv 3 1-7. 



956 PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. 

To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
ness throughout zvill contain when squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by 
the length m feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General ride for measuring timber., to iind the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multipty the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then 
multiply by the length in feet, and divide b}- 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees zvith the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches 
by twice the length in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1.10 to 1.15 
according to the thickness of the bark. 

Howard'' s nexv rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on 
an}' sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point 
two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the pomt one place 
to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the 
left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

Note. — The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate; thus 3 per cent, per 
month, inverted, becomes % of a month, or ten days. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, alw^ays write it thus: 3-1, 
three ones. 

Rule for converting English into American currency. 

Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 
400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 

A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 

An eight section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a 
mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — :40 acres. 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal 
points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The description of 
a forty-acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the 
south-west quarter of section 1, in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short, and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 



PRACTICAL KUl.KS FOK KVI.R^ DAV USK. 



957 



SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 

25 links " 1 rod. 

4 rods " 1 chain. 

80 chains '' 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 liulis, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barleycorn; 
three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — ^called a hand. 

In biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
used, which is a length of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to G feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking 
a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 stat- 
ute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to 1^ 3^ards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic manner. 
For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of acquiring a 
primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a 
simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well 
adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and 

laborers. 

1875. A. H. JACKSON^ Dr. Cr. 



Jan. lOjTo T bushels wheat at $1.25 

" 1 T By shoeing span of horses 

Feb. 4|To 14 bushels oats at $ .45 

4JTo 5 11^. butter at .25 

March 8 By new harrow 



April 
May 
July 



8 

13 

27 

9 

9 

6 

24 
4 



By sharpening 2 plows 

By new double-tree 

To cow and calf 

To half ton of hay 

By cash 

By repairing corn-planter. . . 

I'o one sow with pigs 

By cash, to balance account , 



$88.05 



|) o.t o 


^ 

2.50 


6.30 




1.25 






18.00 


.... 


.40 


.... 


2.25 


48.00 




6.25 






25.00 


.... 


4.75 


17.50 




.... 


35.15 



$88.05 



U58 



PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. 



1875. 



CASSA MASON. 



Dr. Cr. 



March 

March 

March 

May 

May 

June 

June 

July 

July 
Aug. 

bept. 



Bv 3 day's labor 

To 2 shoats 

To 18 bushels corn 

By 1 months labor 

To cash ,.. . 

Bv 8 days mowing 

To 50 lbs. flour 

To 27 lbs. meat 

By 9 days harvesting 

By 6 days labor 

To cash , 

To cash to balance account , 



, at $1.25 
.at 3.00 
at .45 



at $1.50 



. at $ .10 
at 2.00 
at 1.50 



$ 6.00 
8.10 



10.00 



2.75 
2.70 



20.00 
18.20 



$ 67.75 



$ 3.75 

25.00 
12.00 



18.00 
9.00 



$67.7^ 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SiMFLB RULB FOK AcOUBATELY COMPUTING INT£R£6T AT ANY GiVEN PbR CbNT TOR ANT LbNOTH 

OF Time. 
Maltiply the ^rt/jc'ipii/ (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this 
prodvct \>y ihe 9?/o^t^ri< obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per 
cent of intertst, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. 



ILLUbTRATION. 



Require the interest of $4tj2.50 for one month and eighteen days at H per cent. An 
interetit month i? 30 days ; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. %i&i.fi^ 
multiplied by .48 gives $2aJ2.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent of interest) gives 
60, and 222.0000 divided by 60 will give the exact interest, which is $3."0. If the 
rate ot interest in the above example were 12 per cent, we would divide the $222.- 6(360 | 

0000 by .30 (because 360 divided by 12 gives :W); if 4 percent, we would divide by 90; \ 

if 8 per cent, by 45, and in like manner tor any other per cent. 



SoluHOT). 

$462.50 
.48 



370000 
185000 

60 f $222.0000 
180 

420 
420 

00 

MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 

12 units or things, 1 etozen. I 1% pounds, 1 barrel of flour, j 34 sheets of paper. 1 quire. 
12|d07.en, 1 gross. 200 pounds, 1 barrel of pork. 20 quires of paper, 1 ream. 

20 things, 1 score. | ^6 pounds, 1 firkin of butter. 1 4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 cord wood. 



NAMES OF THE STATES AND THEIR SIGNIFICATION. !j5i) 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR 

SIGNIFICATIONS. 
Virginia. — The oldest of the states, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoraticn of the day, which was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 

Mississip-pi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 

Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its pre- 
fix was really arc, the French word for "bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called " Carolana," 
after Charles the Ninth of France. 

Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentucky is the Indian name for "at the head of the river." 

O/i/if means "beautiful;"' /<>zf(/, "drowsy ones;" Afifinesota, '■'■ cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word lllini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men." 

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. • 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal riv^er. 

Cortez named California. 

Massachusetts is the Indian for " the country around the great hills." 

Co7inecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long River." 

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of Eng- 
land. 

JVe-vu York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its original owner. 

Delaware after Lord De la Ware. 

New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was gov- 
ernor of the island of Jersey, in the British channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine, in France, in compliment 
of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 



960 SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION. 

Vcritwnt, from the French words vert mont, signifyino- green mountain. 

uVezv Ha7npshire, from Hampshire county, in England. It was formerly 
called Laconia. 

The little state of Rhode Island owes its name to the island oi Rhodes, 
in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name b}' which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 

SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUB- 
SCRIPTION. 

The business of -piddlshing books hy subscription, having so often been 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations 
not authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possi- 
ble, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such 
agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the fol- 
lowing statement is made: 

A subscription is in the nature of a coidract of mutual promises, by 
whida the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ; 
the consideration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book 
named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pa}- the price 
named. The nature and character of the n'ork is described by the pros- 
pectus and sample shown. These should be care/ullv examined before sub- 
scribing, as thev are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and 
not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely 
employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he usually paid a conunission 
for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions 
upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher. 
Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional, or 
modify or chunge the agreement of the publisher, as set out b}' the pros- 
pectus and sample, in order to hiiui the principle, the subscriber should see 
that such condition or changes are stated over or in connection luith his 
signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the laze as zcritten is, that they can 
not be altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must he done 
in writing. It is therefore important that all persons contemplating sub- 
scribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the sub- 
scription is made is not admissible as evidem'c, and is no part (f the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a pre- 
scribed nwde, and have no authority to do it in an}- other way to the 
prejudice of their principal, nor can the}- bind their principal in anv 
other matter. The^' cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be 
made in anything else but money. They cannot exteiul the time of payment 
beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment of 
expenses incurred in their business. 

// zuould save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to an}- subscription book, or any written instru- 
ment, would examine carefully zohat it is: if they cannoi read themselves, 
call on some one disinterested who can. 



. INDEX. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



PAGE. 

Historical and Political 9 

Prehistoric Mis-souri 10 

The White Race in Missouri 15 

Missouri as a State 25 

Summary of Events and Dates 25 

Counti(;s and Population 26 

Census Report, 1880 27 

State Finances 29 

Presidential Votes from 1820 to 1880 . 30 

Governors from 1820 to 1880 31 

United States Senators 31 

Members of Congress 32 

Public School System 34 

Protectional Laws 40 

Homestead Exemption 40 

Exemption of Personal Property. . . 42 

Rights of Married Womfen 43 

Taxation 43 

Public Debt Limitation 44 

Comparative Tax Rate 45 

Federal Officers in the State 46 

Missourf's Distinguished Men — 

Daniel Boone 47 

Jhomas H. Benton 47 

James B. Eads 48 

Carl Schurz 49 

Prof. Charles V. Riley 49 

Missouri in the Civil War. 50 



PAGE. 

Geology and Minerals 66 

Geological Chart 67 

Mineral Resources 72 

Earths, Clays, Ochres, etc 77 

Geography of Missouri 78 

Rivers and Watercourses 81 

Notable Springs 82 

Soils and their Products 83 

Wild Game 85 

Climate 87 

Healthfulness of the State 89 

Agriculture 90 

Staple Crops 91 

Horticulture 93 

The Grasshopper j|^ . 96 

Navigation and Commerce 99 

The Lewis & Clark Expedition 100 

First Steamboats in Missouri 101 

The Barge System 103 

Railroads in Missouri 104 

Manufacturing in Missouri 107 

Principal Cities in Missouri 108 

Constitution of the United States 876 

Constitution of Missouri 890 

Abstract of State Laws and Forms. . . 923 

Practical Rules for Every-day Use . . . 953 
Names of the States of the Union and 

their Significance 959 



HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY 



PAGE. 

Position and Natural History 113 

Geology of Saline County 126 

Historical Geology 130 

Archaeology of Saline County 134 

The First Whites in the County 140 

The Pioneer 142 

Actual Settlements 144 

The Indians of Saline County , . 167 

Early Religious Organizations 173 

Early Schools 177 

Early Marriages 178 

Pish, Game, Wild Animals, Etc 183 

Organization of the County 190 

First Circuit Court 202 

First Representative , 204 

History from 1820 to the Black Hawk 

War 206 

The Black Hawk War 212 

The " Star Shower "of 1833 217 

His'ory from 1834 to the "Mormon 

War 219 

The Mormon War 221 

EstaJ)lishment of the County Seat 225 

Early Records 228 

61 



PAGK. 

Incidents of Early History 233 

History from 1840 to the Mexican 

War 234 

The Mexican War 237 

From 1844 to 18.50 249 

From 1850 to 1860 254 

Presidential Campaign of 1860 and its 

Efiects 267 

The First Year of the Civil War 271 

Saline County in the Second Year of 

the War 285 

The War During 1863 289 

The War in 1864 304 

Close of the War 313 

Union Fights and Skirmishes During 

the War 314 

Killings, Murders and Military Exe- 
cutions of the Civil War 3l7 

List of Saline County Soldiers in the 

Civil War 324 

Confederate Soldiers' Record 324 

F<deral, or Union, Soldiers' Record. .. 344 
Reconstruction Period and Political 

Events to the Present 353 



962 



INDEX. 
HISTORY OF SALINE COUNTY— Continued. 



/ 



PAGE. 

History from 1865 to 1870 375 

History from 1870 to 1881 381 

Newspapers 389 

The Saline County Medical Society.. . 395 

The Fair Associiations 397 

The General Musters 398 

Public Schools of Saline County 400 

Steamboat Disasters 401 

West Point Cadets 402 

The Sappiugton School Fund 402 

Distinguished Citizens of Saline 
County 403 



PA6K. 
DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS— CONTFNUED. 

Gov. Claiborne F. Jackson 403 

Gov. M. M. Marmaduke . 406 

Col. George W. Allen 408 

Col. Wm. Sappington Jackson 409 

Gen. Thomas A. Smith 411 

Judge Beverly Tucker 412 

Gen. John S. Marmaduke 412 

Judge W. A. Wilson 415 

Dr. John Sappington 416 

Aaron F Bruce 531 



TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 



PAGE. 

Grand Pass 422 

Miami 437 

Jefferson 455 

Caitibridtre 460 

Clay....r. 467 

Arrow Rock 471 



PAGE 

Salt Fork and Black water 480 

Liberty 489 

Salt Pond 493 

Elmwood 505 

Marshall 516 



PAGE. 

Ayers, Harman D 559 

Allen, Wm. Washington 578 

Ayers, Walter L 590 

Aucell, Elisha, 599 

Augustus, Edgar B 605 

Alkire, Michael G 613 

Allen, Thomas Jefferson 631 

Allen, Samuel P 644 

Armentrout, John W. . . 653 

Armentrout, PC 672 

Adams, James P 719 

Ancell, William II 766 

Alien, Hui^h G 769 

Ancell, James M 782 

Althouse, George 789 

Audsley, Joseph 817 

Adkisson, Mrs. Anna 850 

Andrew, N.P 865 

Brownlee, Andrew 538 

Bingham, Jacob 538 

Bradford, Chns, H 542 

Beazeley, Robert Emmet 547 
Baliantine, Mrs. M. C. . . 550 

Bradford. Charles M 552 

Blackwell,Henry J 553 

Brown, Bernis B 558 

Brown, Ezekiel W. . . .: . 558 
Bingham, Capt. George. 562 
Barnes Mrs Amanda... 563 

Baker, Je.>^se T 572 

Buck, Philip 589 

Ballon, .John 591 

Biker, Sr..Jo3ivh 592 

Briijht, J imes Austin. . . 598 

B.iUnu. Harvey 601 

Brightwell, Frederick A. 603 
Broiighmin. John E... 6't3 
Baker, W. J 613 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

PAGE. 

Browning, John N 613 

Bradshaw, George W . . . 614 

Brundege, N. S 625 

Bradshaw, Aaron C 626 

Bigelow, Granville A . 627 

Baker, George W 629 

Brown, James Burton . . 634 

Brown, Wm. B 634 

Burton,,John J. G 640 

Bigelow, Rufus 641 

Burnsides, John S 648 

Boulware, Thos. H. . . . . 655 

Buckner, Benj. F 656 

Bulkley, Rev. Olcott. . . 658 
Blackburn, Francis A. . . 663 

Biven, M. M 665 

Blair, Tom 666 

Brice, J. S 672 

Brown, Judge A. F 687 

Blosser, John 690 

Bickers Aelx G 692 

Brown, Dr. James R 700 

Burns, Henry 704 

Bailey, Andrew G 707 

Bishop, Charles 709 

BoMtright. William G... 710 

Brown, Charles E 714 

Baker, Joseph 718 

Buie, A S 729 

Basket, W. C 746 

B.ldwin. C M 763 

Bryant, John W 767 

Blanchard, Geo. B 768 

Bryant, Thos. A 770 

Bovd, Esq, Samuel 771 

Breitliitt. John B 776 

Bran-iecker. John 779 

B.nd, Dr. M.M 779 

Bartlelt, Joseph W 781 



PAGJfi- 

Bradford, L. A 784 

Boatright, Thos 789 

Brown, Peyton A 792 

Black, John L.. 798 

Bruner, Samuel 805 

Brown, John B 806 

Boyer, John H 806 

Brown, John P 808 

Booth, Christopher C. . . 813 

Baker. Martin 815 

Burnsides, Capt. G. S... 815 
Bates, Capt. Wm. S ... 825 

Bell, Dr. Daniel F 828 

Brown, Dr. Marshall A. . 830 

Bell, Rev. Wm. M 830 

Boyer, Henry 804 

Burns, Jacob 835 

Burruss, Capt. Geo 835 

Bruce. Charles G 836 

Burgess, Wm. O 837 

Bishop, Wm 839 

Burns, Milton L 840 

Bishop, Albert P 840 

Biehop, Stephen 848 

Bondurant, Chas. P 846 

Booker, Thos. H 848 

Brandt, Chri>toph 866 

Brown Mason G 868 

Buckner, Chas. B........ 869 

Berry, D. L 871 

Bellamy, B. T 873 

Crotich, Henry 544 

Crockett, Edwin 545 

Connell. Joseph. 561 

CrHiii.Jr., Hugh 562 

Cockrell, Samuel R. . . . 581 

CI Ilk, Strnu her 584 

Cunaun, WiiiiumA 585 



INDEX. 



:w8 



PAGE. 

(Jouley, George W 591 

Carter, Thomas B 594 

Casebolt, William P. . . . f500 

Collins, John B «01 

Collins, Lewis P 610 

Crosslin, Meredith 621 

Cbiswell, Joseph N 630 

Carthrae, Dr. Charles A . 632 

Cowan, G. W 634 

Cott, Joseph M 645 

Campbell, Dr. Joseph W 651 

Carmean, John 655 

Carthrae, T. B R 659 

Catron, AdolphusT 662 

Catron, John B 662 

Coyner, George W 667 

Chamberlain, Samuel 1). 670 

Coleman, J. F 689 

Chappell, Joshua 691 

Creel, A. M 694 

Chamberlain, Peter A. . . 697 

Christy, Francis M 711 

Claycomb, William T.. . 716 

Clark, Joseph C 719 

Chrisman, Wm. M . . 726 

Chrisman, Hugh H 727 

Clarkson, Dr. Elijah S. . 734 

Corbin, N. M 738 

Cooper. William 738 

Cooney, Patrick 739 

Craddock, James H 746 

Chastain, Dr. C. W 751 

Cooney, Judge James. . . 753 

Coltrane, D.B 756 

Chastain, Dr. M. T 758 

Cason, John R 762 

Conway, William A. . . . 779 

Couway, Thomas 780 

Cole, Frank 790 

Cordell, John Hardeman 791 

Campbell, Richard 796 

Cooper, Benjamin 801 

Clarke, John H 803 

Camerom, Jerome H 807 

Casebolt, A. J 814 

Casebolt, George 814 

Casebolt, Edward S 820 

Casebolt, John M 827 

Carr, JohnF 828 

Chapman, William 863 

Crain, William L 865 

Collins, Charles L 866 

Carmack, Wm. D 873 

Davis, Pleasant 1 537 

Davis, William 539 

Dickson, George 552 

Davis, William 560 

Durrett, James M 579 

Dial, Stephen 583 

Davison. Joseph 8 592 

Dunlap, Edmund .1 604 

Duncan, James P 604 

Dow, Thomas M 604 

DuggiLS, John N 607 

Davis. BurniF B 612 



PAOE. 

Duniel, Hamuel V 615 

Daniel, Susan R 615 

Daniel, Marsh all L 617 

Daniel, John W 617 

Dennis, Joseph li, 619 

Dennis, M. F 620 

Deer, Henry 620 

Duncan. (George W. . . . 623 

Davis, .Joseph T 628 

Duncan, Benjamin F.. . . 629 

Davis, Prof. Joseph B. . . 632 

Durrett, John R 645 

Dy.sarl, James B 654 

Dorsey, George K 656 

Davis, Richard B 657 

Doyle, Thomas J 661 

Drane, James E 664 

Drane, Richard H 665 

Donoho, W. H 681 

Dill, J. G 688 

De Moss, John P 691 

Dowden, Wm.F 693 

Dow, Simon 701 

Dye, William 705 

Dull, Enos 720 

Davis, Garrett M 739 

Downs, Charles W 739 

Dawson, Vardaymon W. 741 

Downs Benjamin F. . . . 742 

Durrett, William S 749 

Duggins, L H 751 

Davis, Samuel 772 

DeRacken, S. E 774 

Duggins, William T 797 

Dobbins, James A 801 

Dunlap, Dr. J. N 831 

Duggins, Dr. Geo. G. . . . 836 

Davis,. John B 854 

DeLon^John 859 

Drysdale, Samuel 868 

Embrey, Daniel M 556 

Evans, Mrs. Eliza J 587 

Epperson, Jesse. ..;.... 590 

Eubank, Henry.... 598 

Epperson, Pembroke S. 605 

Evans, James S 626 

Eversman, Charles E . . . 628 

Elsea, James W 657 

Elsea, I. N 668 

Eubank, Reuben B 682 

Eubank, James 684 

Evans, George 703 

Elgin, JohnM 725 

Ellyson, F. H 729 

Elliott, Capt. Joseph P. 748 

Edwards, Dr. N. M.... 752 

Elgin, Dr. Fisk 759 

Ehrnman, Thomas G... 760 

Ehrnman, Joseph H. . . . 787 

Ehrnman, Luther C 788 

Edwards, Jos. D 804 

Edwards, T.J 807 

Easton, Thomas A 815 

Edmonds, Augustus R.. 841 

Eisner, August 857 



PAGE. 

Evans, James 861 

Ehart, John W 862 

Eisner, C.F 872 

Fisher, Dr. W. G 540 

Fetters, Charles 8 544 

Fitzgerald, Mrs. Anna. . 562 

Finley, O. D .583 

Foster, William 591 

Fi-her, John W .592 

Fowler, AVilliam Grant. .596 

Forkner, Dr. G. H 607 

Fore, W. D 608 

Frazer, William 618 

Field, .Judge Robert, Sr. 628 

Fisher, John 641 

Fitzpatrick, T. J 650 

Fackler, Dr..J. M 650 

Floyd, Monroe 653 

Freet, Samuel 679 

Funk, F. M 692 

Fenwick, W^illiam H. . . 712 

Faulconer, James H 712 

Field, Colonel Joseph. . . 728 

Flynn, Michael 730 

Fink, Jacob 751 

Franklin, Philip H 753 

Fletcher, G.C 764 

Ferrill, Hiram 772 

Foese, William J 818 

Ferrill, Henry 832 

Ferrill, Judge Jesse J... 832 

Fisher. Joseph A 849 

Paris, J. K 854 

Gilmer, George W 541 

Green, Elihu 545 

Gaunt, Mathew 546 

Green, Joseph M 551 

Goitz, Philip 552 

Gambrell, Mrs. Ida R. . . 553 

Gilner, James 555 

Gaines, Lucius J 576 

Gaines, John H 578 

Gaines, William F. . . 579 
Greeuabaum, Jacob . . . 503 

Gwinn, Judge M. C 595 

Gaines, Dr. Koah H 597 

Gilliam, F. H 610 

Gibbs, James W 611 

Gregory, Archibald.... 619 

Goodman, A. R 623 

Goodman, Edward 624 

Gwinn, William M 626 

Gorrell, Joseph 644 

Groom, Abram 646 

Gunuell, Thomas A.... 659 
Gauldin, William E. . . . 680 

Gaines, Benj. W 683 

Garnett, William 1 683 

Graves, I. N 684 

German, Henry 689 

Gilham, Hugh 702 

Givan, R. 8 716 

Gauldin, Martin A 726 

Codman. Milvin 744 



964 



INDEX. 



PAC4E, 

Godmau, William C 744 

Goodwin, J. G 762 

Gordon, James A. 765 

Grossman, H 765 

Gibbs, P. A 783 

Gauldin.John W 794 

Gauldin, John A 795 

Gravson, Thos. J 795 

Griffiths, Wm 796 

Graves, Wm. W 798 

Graves, Oscar K 799 

Gaunt, Geo. W 809 

Garnett, Thos 809 

Guthrey, Daniel T 824 

Guthrey, John G 826 

Guthrev, Judge James S. 842 
George^ Major J. W. . . . 855 

Gross, J. J.... 861 

Graham, James 863 

Hillen, Peter J 548 

Huston, John B 571 

Hickerson, Francis M. . . 575 

Hanley, A. H 581 

Harvey, Reuben V 583 

Hill, Philip M 586 

Huston, Wm. N 588 

Hill, Wm. T 588 

Hill,Claiborn Wiufield. . 594 

Holmes, David 594 

Hughes, Jas. W 601 

Hughes, Merrill 604 

Hunter, David 610 

Holmes, Thos 614 

Hill, John Lee 614 

Howard, Thos 616 

Haring, Wm. B 622 

Huff. Anthony C 624 

Hardin, John R 627 

Harin, Geo. G 629 

Hensick, Charles W 637 

Halley, Dr. H. J 650 

Hereford, Dr. Thos. P. . . 651 

Hallev, Jas. A 652 

Hall, Robert A 653 

Hays, Wm 653 

Hunter, Anderson 654 

Hfiys, J . Craig 655 

Hays, James M 657 

Hord. Alexander 660 

Hanlev, John H 662 

Howard, John C 663 

Hays, Dr. John E 664 

Hancock, Elder T. W. ... 665 
Hopkins, Samnel O. G. . 666 

Hopper, W. B 669 

Hamill, Rev. Edward. . . 671 

Hall, Chas. W 674 

Hill, John L 680 

Hupp, Ormond 684 

Havs, W. B 685 

Hess, Joseph H 685 

Huston, Addison 693 

Hereford, Dr. G. W 694 

H..tf, Rev. Hiram 702 

Handley, Wm H 707 



PAGE. 

Howerton, Wm 708 

Herndon, Wm. J 709 

Hamilton, Isaac 711 

Hoffman, F.E 714 

Herndon, E. S 715 

Hook, Jacob 717 

Holmes, ftichard E 731 

Holland, M.D., W. S. . . . 724 

Humphreys, Thos 735 

Hartsook, Dennis H 740 

Harris, Henry H 747 

Hall, Dr. C. Lester 756 

Harrison, Dr. Wm 763 

Huston, Joseph 775 

Henry, Jaraes 786 

Harvey, J. G. L 792 

Hendrick, Robert J 793 

Harvey, Thos. H 803 

Haynie, Edwin M 805 

Hickman, CuthbertH. . . 807 
Haynie, Lawrence W. . . 810 

Hanna, Robert C 817 

Henton, Robert A 819 

Hudson, Geo. B 819 

Haynie, R.W 820 

Hamner, Luther J 833 

Hahn, George J 837 

Hall, Dr. Matthew W. . . 851 

Herring, C. J 857 

Hibbs, John W 861 

Hibbs, Robert T 861 

Hill, Wm. M 866 

Hicklin, Talbot 869 

Hays, George L. . : 869 

Hall, Joseph W 870 

Hornberger, Wm 870 

Ish, William L 612 

Ing, John 667 

Ingram, James S 750 

Ingram, Columbus G. . . 812 

Johnson, Jeremiah 539 

Jackson, James A 590 

Jordon, John .'. 606 

Johnson, Michael C 621 

Jackson, Jas. M 624 

Johnson, Henry 625 

Jenkins, Judge E. W.. . . 633 

Jackson, John M 635 

Johnson, F. S 695 

Johnston, William B. . . 706 
Johnson, William.... . 713 

Johnson, Henry R.. 713 

James, Robert W 766 

Johns, C C 781 

Jackson, James S 783 

Justice, J. A 790 

Jackson, Col. George W. 800 

.Tohnston, Thomas 801 

Jackson. G. N 816 

Johnston, James M 849 

Johntz, 8. J 87) 

Kennedy, Samuel H.. .. 543 
Kirtley, Cyrus A 54.6 



PAGK. 

Kibler. John H 56» 

Keliey, William C 589 

Kincaid, William B 612 

King, Catherine 668 

Keithley, Jacob C 673 

Kemper, James G 674 

Keppler,John 679 

Kaul, Peter 681 

Kaul, John 681 

Kellett, Michael 693 

Keeth, Richard 711 

Keeth, Monroe 713 

Kidd, Frank M 740 

Kent, James W 747 

Kice, J.P 757 

Kunze, Gustavus 807 

Knox, W. B 868 

Lewis, N. H 540 

Leininger, Philip 541 

Lessley, William A 587 

Lessley, Thomas 591 

Land, Peter W 591 

Lyne, Thomas 596 

Land, Robert F 607 

Lee, William P 636 

Laukford, Jesse 647 

Lennon, James 649 

Leonard, Wm. H. and A. 666 

Loftus, Patrick 670 

Lair. Thomas P 674 

Lucas, John R 676 

Latimer, Geo. W 677 

Lunbeck, Joseph R 687 

Lunbeck, William H... 691 

Lewis, John A 692 

Lewis, James M 695 

Lewi 3, Whetzel 696 

Lewis, Dr. W. B. S 697 

Lunbeck, John J 698 

Lupton. M. D., J. L. F... 699 

Little, Lewis T 701 

Lewis, Gen. G. W 707 

Lewis, John K 719 

Lynch, Michael 730 

Levy, Moses 759 

Lantz, A. R 764 

Letcher, Esq., Wm. H.. . 774 

Laudon, Judge David. . . 784 

Lucas, Mitchell B 797 

Lemmon, Benjamin F.. 823 

Lemmon, Millard F 838 

Leaton, William 856 

Land. Philip P 867 

Laughlin, M. L 874 

McMahan, Templeton C. 536 

McLean, Samuel C 537 

Morris, William H 541 

McJilton, Wm 548 

McMahan, Jesse 550 

Moore, John Q 556 

Murphy, Monarch 566 

Murrell, George A 573 

McClelland. Robert W. . 576 

Marshall, Richard 583 



INDEX. 



965 



PAGE. 

Marshall, Joseph 582 

McCormick, Charles L. . 585 
McGuire, Mrs Frances M 587 

Morton, John R 589 

McConnell, Thomas V. . 593 

Meyers.James R 602 

Morrison, Benjamin C. 606 

McKinney, John F 606 

McCormack, D. M 609 

Mangus, William M 610 

Martin, A. H 614 

Morgan, Newton 616 

Murrell, Robert A 616 

Maliry, Jesse M 619 

Murphy, Albert 620 

Morrison, William P. . . 621 

McClain. Edward 624 

Morgan, Evan B 625 

Morrison, David C 628 

Ming, Dewilton P . . . ; . . 632 

McClain, EphraimS... 638 

Major, Minor 648 

Magoffin. Col. Elijah. .. 650 

Martin, Samuel T 651 

Martin, G. Thomas. .... 652 

Milller, William B 654 

McNair, James 656 

Maupin, Thomas C 662 

Mikels, Thos. B 668 

McCormick, E. 8 680 

McGuire, R.A 680 

McAmis, William H . . . . 68-5 

McReynolds, John 686 

McNeely, William 687 

Moritz, Leopold 689 

McNeil!, Reese 690 

McCarty, W. J 690 

Mitchell, Patrick 697 

Moore, Seth 702 

Marcum, B. W 705 

McRoberts. A. J 707 

Miller, William R 719 

Morel and, John T 720 

Martin, Charles N 721 

Martin. James L 722 

Miller, Jacob H 731 

McDonough, Thomas.. 745 

Menager, C. J 754 

Maxey. A. B 757 

Mossier, I. M 757 

Maddox. J. A 759 

Montague, Reuben. V... 761 

McGrath, Daniel". 766 

Marmaduke, M. M 767 

Martin, John P 777 

McFarland, C. L. W. . . . 778 

McAllister, Saint A 778 

Miles, Dr. L. L 780 

Merrell, William D 782 

Mitchell, George 782 

McGinnif, M. P 783 

McGinnis, Thomas 783 

McMahan, Robert J. . . . 789 
Murphy, Rev. John T.D 791 

Miller, Charles C 797 

Millsaps, John 802 



PAOE, 

Mc Daniel, Giles R 822 

Mertens, Henry 827 

McDaniel, Hon. B.F. . 835 

Meyers, Isaac 838 

Marshall, Charles E 843 

McDaniel, John H 844 

McDaniel, Judge R.E.. 846 

McDaniel, Reuben E. . . . 847 

Martin, Dr. S. D 851 

McCallister, James H.. . 852 

Miner, Charles L 856 

Marr, Jesse 860 

Miller, Capt. C.J 867 

Neff, Jas 556 

-Nicolds, Richard W 582 

Napton, Judge Wm. B. . 584 

Norvell, Daniel S 586 

Nauerth, Jacob 597 

Neflf, JohnM 618 

Nickell, James E 621 

Nickell, IsaAc R 622 

Nickell, Andrew 622 

Naylor, A. J 655 

Nelson, Lawrence 691 

Newell, Whipple S 696 

Nye, Wm 704 

Newland, J . W 741 

Naylor, Benjamin F 753 

Nordyke, John W 756 

Nelson, Thomas G 858 

Oots, Joseph Singer 595 

Orear, Jesse 632 

Orear, Catlett 642 

Orear, Judge Bellvard J. 643 

O'Neill, John 699 

Oser, Conrad 718 

Odell, James M 720 

Odell, Andrew J 723 

Olson. Andrew 751 

Odell, C. F... 762 

Owens, Wm 863 

Pattisou, Wm. T 535 

Piper. Marshall D 559 

Price. Col. Jno. Thos. . . 567 

Porter, Peter C 607 

Porter, Wm. H 608 

Pollard, Jas. C 613 

Plemmous. Andrew J. . . 625 

Page, Mrs. Mildred 626 

Piper, Hamden S 627 

Pearson, George F 638 

Pinkerton, Colin M 659 

Parker, Chrisman H. . . . 608 

Putney, Ellis B 676 

Pollard, John Wm 687 

Pollard, Addison C 693 

Prior, Thomas B 697 

Pickett, Capt. A. J 698 

Phleger, Wm. C 703 

Paul. Benjamin F 721 

Peterson, John B 723 

Phillips, Elmer 742 

Phillips. Ellswerth 742 



PAGE. 

Piper, Thomas T 748 

Prior, William E 745 

Potter, 8. T 758 

Pemberton, Ed. R 759 

Patterson, John C 776 

Price, R. M 779 

Pate, Jr., Wm. H 781 

Prosser, J. W 781 

Perkins, Maj, John B. . . 786 

Patterson, Thomas B 787 

Philpott,John P 787 

Price, Thomas W 793 

Pope, Dan'lT.andW.R. 794 

Pittman, Joseph 806 

'Paxton. Archibald 808 

Pittmann, Oharles 816 

Peterman, Marion 816 

Pate, Thomas J 818 

Pate, 8r., William H.... 824 
"Pendleton, Curtis W.... 826 
Parsons, Hon. Isaac 8. . . 843 

Parrish, Robert 844 

Poe, Benjamin T 860 

Rhoades, William R 548 

Robertson, Richard G.. . 554 

Romine, Jesse 561 

Redmon, Hardin Bruce. 564 

Richardson, Capt. R. D. 602 

Rector, A. F 610 

Rowland, William F.. . . 620 

Roberts, John M 623 

Reavis, Sylvanus 627 

Rowland, Zachariah W. 642 
Richardson, Nathaniel L 657 

Rountree, Cooper B 671 

Ross, Newton B 676 

Rhoades, John T 679 

Reidenbach, Philip 679 

Renick, Edwih H 700 

Randolph, James 706 

Riggins, John M 709 

Rader, Andrew M 725 

Ransberger, Henry 728 

Rea, Joseph H 729 

Rouse, H 737 

Rumans, Abraham 738 

Rayner, George V 754 

Rea, Peter H 755 

Rea, William H 763 

Ransberger, A. J 764 

Reid, John W 769 

Ralph, Orlando J 794 

Rea, Rev. Peter G 799 

Renick, George A 803 

Ruxton. Capi. Robert. . . 812 

Rice, Winsou 819 

Reynolds, Philip S 821 

Royer, Sr., August 837 

Robertson, R. 8 839 

Richardson, Dr. Joel .... 856 

Rembert, A. S 871 

Robinson, Benton W... 875 

Staples, John S 542 

Staples, Jas. K 543 



966 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Swiuney, JoJiu 547 

Shannon, 8r., Elias 549 

Scott, Joel 557 

Schiesser, Joseph 560 

Sites. John P 565 

Sappington, Wm. B. . . . 571 
Sutherlin, Carter M.... 575 

Stotts, F. M 581 

Shaw, Samuel A 587 

Smith, Dr. Edward W. . 599 
Shumate, George W. . . . 601 
Swinney, Bowling W. . . . 608 

Shumate, Thomas C 609 

Sheer, Peter 613 

Shepherd, Thomas 617 

Shepherd, William 619 

Wmith, Joseph 631 

Soper, William Bibb 631 

Starns, Aaron 640 

Smith, Dr. George F. . . 653 

Suggett, Manlius P 658 

Shindler, Capt. L 661 

Spencer, H. C 663 

Smith, M. D.,S. N.... 681 

Stevenson, E . F 696 

Sturgess, Joseph H 699 

Slusher, J. J 701 

Stivers, James V 703 

Sturgess, Wm . E 706 

Smith, Wm. K 714 

Stephens, W. M 715 

Smith, Jacob F 733 

Self, Joshua 736 

Syden striker, A. J 737 

Sherk, Henry 731 

Steel, Samuel T 735 

Simmons, Henry C 737 

Sweeney, Owen 743 

Sphar, J . M 743 

Sparks, John R 753 

Scott, L. W 754 

Selig, Solomon K 765 

Strother, Esq., Henry. . . 770 

Sandidge, Micajah C 773 

Strother, Judge John P . . 777 

Storandt, Prof. C. F 783 

Swisher, A. T 785 

Sailors, Samuel 79(5 

Stith, George H 804 

Surbaugh, Charles W. . . 809 

Scott, John C 813 

Surbaugh, Wm 833 

Scott, JohnP 838 

Saufley, Jonas A 839 

Snelling, John J) 838 

Smith, Nicholas 839 

Stockton, Joseph B 840 

Surbaugh, Henry Clay. . 847 

Smith, Nicholas J 849 

Smith, Gervas S 853 

Stouffer, John T 8.55 

Shannon, E. D 857 

Spurgin, William 858 

Sim, Wm. T 858 

Scott. Charles and Leon . 861 

Stanley, Louis D 864 

Steers, W . H 868 



^^ 



PAOK, 

Thompson, Judge S. M.. 536 

Tyler, William M 537 

Townsend, John B 539 

Thornton, James 543 

Thomas, James S 560 

Thompson, Beverl}-^ T. . . 564/ 

Tuck(;r, John J 56^^- 

Townsend, William L. . . 566 

Thompson, J. C 567 

Townsend, Benjamin F. . 573 

Thompson, James W . . . 601 

Thorp, Benjamin 605 

Thompson, William H. 639 

Thomson, Capt. Pike M. 630 

Thomson, John Wra .... 633 

Thornton, Isaac 635 

Thornton, A.J 636 

Thoma.son, John D 637 

Teckemeyer, John Fritz 643 

Thornton, John 646 

Tennill, John M 657 

Taylor. Flenry A. 661 

Trent, Thomas B 661 

Tilton, Alexander 665 

Turley, R. M 693 

Tobin, James A 705 

Taylor, Thomas W 713 

Taylor, William M 715 

Tate, William P 737 

Thori3, Thomas J 738 

Terriil. Oliver 733 

Thorp, Richard B 733 

Thomas «fc Son, John... 784 

Trigg, John A 750 

Tipping, James A 769 

Tutt, Rev B. G 770 

Tucker, Joshua G 800 

Taylor George T 848 

Tuthill, George W 864 

Tisdale, A.J 871 

Thorn, J.J 874 

Urick, Daniel 550 . 

Vansickler, William. . . . 658 

Vaughan, William H . . 671 

Vanmeter, Miles H.. . ... . 688 

Vanstone, James S 694 

Van winkle, Jesse 734 

Vardeman, William M. . 730 

\'an Hook, John T 745 

Vanetone, Charles H. . . . 755 

Vance, John R 780 

V^awter, A. F 788 

V^awter, Dr. W. F 788 

Vandyke, P D 874 

West, Jameii A 538 

\Vile}^ Norwood 557 

Wiigner, M. D. Joseph P 574 

Wilis, George 580 

Wilkes, Samuel M 586 

Wilson, John W 586 

White, James J 588 

Whittle. John 590 

Wilhite, Abner William 597 
Willis, Sr;^ William.... 599 



PAGK, 

Wilhite, William M 602 

Wooldridge, W. D 609 

Wilson, Dr. Robert H . . 609 

Walters, Thomas 614 

Wilkes, James L 615 

Watts, Daniel L 618 

Wilhite, James 633 

Wood, Charles Edward . 639 y 
Washburn, George W.. . 660 

Winslow, Henry B 670 

Wheeler, William 675 

Wolfskin, Jesse 675 

Wolfskin, Joseph H . . . . 677 
Winning, John Will .... 678 

Williams, John 678 

White, W. K 686 

Walden. G. C 688 

Wilson, Sylvan T 689 

Walker, M. W 691 

Wilson, Thomas J 703 

Whetsler, Albert 704 

Whetsler,John 705 

Witcher, Hardin 710 

Williams, James M 713 

Williams John L 717 

Witcher, Jesse T 717 

Wilson. Arthur J 733 

Wintrtield, Urial B 730 

Wali, John 733 

Willis, Owen Thomas. . 733 
Watson, Colonel A. T... 736 
Whillock, Benjamin F.. 737 

Wilson, Leonard 754 

Weller JackT 760 

Walker, W. M 760^^ 

Wood, WillH..... 770 •^ 

Wniis, Robert H 775 

Weber, George 785 

Wronker, Joseph 787 

Wiusborough, Dr. R. H. 790 

Withers, Isaac C 793 

Winning Samuel B 802 

Wheeler, Stephen 810 

Wheeler, Alfred 811 

Wheeler, Wm. H 833 

Webster, John F 842 

White, Wm. T 848 

Wheeler, Amos A 850 

Wood, Mrs. Janette W. . 853 

Wallace, Wm. E 854 

Widder,A 863 

Wermelskirchen, G 803 

Ware, Robert G 865 

Weber, John F 866 

Wilson, John W 867 

Walton, Wm P 869 . 

Wood, J:is. T STii^ 

West, Dr. E. S 872 

Weekly, M. M 875 

Yager, Albeit Warren. . 598 

Yeager, Lenten 737 

Y'oung, John 781 

Yantis, D. D„ J. L 859 

Zeigler. John 583 



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